550 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. dwelling, about where the rolling-mill of Huston & Penrose now stands. The first survey to, William Fleming is dated May 29, 1714, and was for 207 acres and allowance, and he soon thereafter became the owner of a tract of 400 acres. The family subsequently became the owners of large tracts on the west side of the creek, in Sadsbury and West Caln, and their possessions extended along the valley on each side of the stream for a considerable distance. William Fleming died before 1733, leaving sons—John, William, Henry, George, James, and Peter—and daughters, Mary, wife of David Cowan, and Susannah, daughter of William Cowan. George Fleming, one of the sons, became the owner of a tract in West Caln, containing 230 acres, by warrant dated June 14, 1744, and, as recited in a subsequent conveyance, " built and erected a water corn-mill, bolting-mills, mill-house, and other improvements upon the same land." He died unmarried, and the land descended to his nephew James, the eldest son and heir-at-law of his brother John, then also deceased, who was the oldest brother of George. Peter was the youngest son of William Fleming. He and his sons after the Revolution removed to Washington Co., Pa. James Fleming, son of William Fleming, the emigrant, died May 3, 1767, at the age of sixty-four years, and was buried at Upper Octorara, leaving a son, John Fleming, who was born in 1731. This John Fleming, known in after-life as John Fleming, Sr., resided on a farm a short distance west of Coatesville, where he erected a large stone house, in the gable end of which is a stone bearing his initials and date of erection. He was an officer in the provincial service, member of the Constitutional Convention of 1776 to frame a constitution for Pennsylvania, and in 1778 one of the Representatives from Chester County in the General Assembly. He was one of the patentees of the land belonging to Octorara Church, of which he was an elder as early as 1762. He died Sept. 2, 1814, at the age of eighty-three, having been a church elder fifty-two years. John Fleming, Jr., was a son of John Fleming, Sr. He was engaged as a wagon-master in the army during the Revolution, and was present at the battle of Brandywine. He became an elder in Upper Octorara Church in 1799, and died in December, 1832. It will be noted that he and his father served as elders in the church at the same time, about fifteen years. Another son of John Fleming, Sr., was the ancestor of John Fleming, who was for many years an associate judge of Lycoming County, and of Gen. Robert Fleming, of Williamsport, a leading lawyer, who served in the Senate of Pennsylvania and was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1838. Another John Fleming, called, to distinguish him from the others of the same name, " John Fleming of East Caln," died June 16, 1830, at the age of sixty-nine years. Henry Fleming, Esq., in after-life of West Chester, was a son of John Fleming, Jr., and was born in Sadsbury township. For many years he was acting magistrate, selected by common consent, less for sought-for popularity than for acknowledged private worth, strict integrity, and inflexible character. When a young man he was a volunteer in the war with England of 1812-14, was made cap tain of a company, marched to Canada with Gen. Brown, was captured and taken to Quebec, where he remained a prisoner of war for the period of eighteen months. Returning to his home at West Chester, he carried on the business of a currier, taking a lively interest in all local and public affairs. A man of few words, he was a person of much thought ; he read the newspapers of the day, and few were more familiar with modern and ancient history, with the high virtues of ancient Greece and Rome, of which he was a student and great admirer, evinced as well by his own stern virtues as in the names of his children, among whom we find a Solon, a Marcellus, a Fabius, and a Lucretia. The inspired songster of Israel was not more devoted to sacred music, a science which he cultivated from youth to age. He was one of the founders of the Presbyterian Church of West Chester, of which he was a pillar, and remained a faithful member until, " like a shock of corn fully ripe, he was gathered into the garner." He died in 1865, at the age of eighty-two years. His wife was Letitia Parke, a. daughter of Joseph Parke, Esq., of Sadsbury township. She died Dec. 20, 1858, in the eightieth year of her age. George Fleming, another son of John Fleming, Jr., resided in West Brandywine for many years. He was a much-esteemed elder in the Fairview Presbyterian Church. The descendants of William Fleming, the original settler, are numerous and widely scattered, but none of them now possess any part of the landed estates of their ancestor. FLING, DAVID, of East Bradford, weaver, married Abigail, widow of Edward. Seed, and daughter of Richard (and Alice ?) Buffington. She died in April, and was buried May 1, 1813, in her ninety-second year. The children of David and Abigail were Alice, m. McNamee, and went to Hagerstown, Md. ; John ; Phebe, b. May, 1755, d. June 23,,1748, m. Joseph Baldwin ; Hannah ; David, d. April 5, 1844, in his eighty-second year. The father was living in or near Bradford in 1737. James Fling, a grandson, died near Marshallton, Jan. 30, 1873, and from an obituary notice which soon after appeared we take the following : He was born Oct. 24, 1801, and lived with his parents on a farm in East Bradford township, on the Brandywine, near Seeds' Bridge, during a period of thirty-five years. When quite a boy he showed strong desires to learn and become a mathematician. He was sent to school in the winter season, helping his father on the farm at other seasons, yet any leisure moments he might have while thus engaged were taken advantage of, and for the time being his slate and pencil were his only friends. Were these not accessible, he could frequently be found, chalk in hand busily engaged in solving some knotty question in algebra, the barn-floor being a substitute for the slate, while his team took their noon-rest underneath. Through his powerful and determined efforts, together with the assistance of such teachers as Joseph Strode, Jonathan Gause, and Mosess Cheyney, he became one of the best mathematicians in our county. Through the winter, and sometimes in the summer seasons, he taught school during a period of forty years. In 1836 he and his father moved to a little property about a quarter of a mile south of this village, and made this his home during the remainder of his life. He taught school at one time in Delaware County, at Hockessin, in Delaware State, and in our county in Goshen township, at West Chester, Unionville, Romansville, Locust Grove, and Marshallton, in the latter place for nineteen years. As a teacher he possessed rare qualifications; he was but little known, however, outside of his schools and neighborhood, except as surveyor ; his extreme modesty and simplicity of manners not being calculated to gain the notice and favor of the great mass of mankind, who can appreciate nothing unless the exterior be finely clad and highly polished. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 551 FLOWER, RICHARD, son of Richard and Mary, born, it is supposed, in Leicestershire, England, married Abigail Harlan, 12, 17, 1724-5, daughter of Michael and Dinah Harlan, of Londongrove, where they settled. Richard died about the year 1748, and his widow several years later. Their children were Thomas, b. 10, 27, 1725, d. unmarried, 8th mo., 1755 ; Mary, b. 10, 14, 1727, m. Isaac Starr and Samuel Sharp ; Richard, b. 7, 3, 1730, m. 9, 25, 1754, Alice Harlan ; Dinah, b. 10, 27, 1732, d. 11th mo., 1758. Dinah Flower, daughter of Richard and Alice, married Abraham Sharpless. FORRESTER, RALPH, from Ireland, married Tamer Gregory, daughter of John and Mary Gregory, of Cain township, and lived several years on the farm of John Haines, in what is now West Chester, as mentioned in Joseph Townsend's sketch, p. 212. Their children were as follows : Ezekiel, b. 4, 30, 1744, d. 11, 19, 1770 ; Ralph, b. 3, 28, 1746 ; Margaret, b. 4, 4, 1749 ; Mary, b. 1, 10, 1752, m. Joseph Hoopes ; Tamer, b. 4, 18, 1754, m._____ Brown ; Lydia, b. 2, 10, 1757, m. _____ Fitzgerald ; Aaron, b. 2, 22, 1759 ; Ruth, b. 8, 5, 1762, m. Israel Hoopes ; John, b. 10, 15, 1764, d. same day. Among the descendants are Robert F. Hoopes, of West Chester, and his son, George R., our present sheriff. FORSYTHE, JOHN, one of the best school-teachers that our county has yet been favored with, was a native of the Emerald Isle, born in 1754, and in 1773, at the age of nineteen years, migrated to the land of Penn. His father, John Forsythe, married Margaret Cox, of an English family, and descended from the Stuarts, by whom he had nine children,-John, Jacob, Alexander, William, Elizabeth, Jane, Catharine, Sarah, and Margaret. When the younger John arrived in this Quakerly region he was a gay young Presbyterian, with long sandy hair dressed a la mode, and all his apparel made according to the fashion of the world's people. He had received a good English education, and was, moreover, endowed with a fine musical taste, being an expert performer on the violin. With this seemingly unpropitious outfit for a Quakerly settlement (saving and excepting the aforesaid " good education"), he soon adopted the views and principles of the Society of Friends, which was probably due to his residence in the family of William Kirk, a worthy member of Nantmeal Meeting. His request to be received as a member was presented to Uwchlan Monthly Meeting 1, 4, 1776, and granted in the following month. Removing the same year to the neighborhood of Birmingham, he transferred his right to this meeting, of which he was ever recognized as an exemplary and valuable member. As the head and master-spirit of the school at Birmingham Meeting-house, Chester Co. (under the auspices of the Concord Monthly Meeting), where he taught for many years, and always applied himself diligently to his arduous duties, he accomplished more in exciting a taste for knowledge and in developing young intellects than any teacher who had theretofore labored in that hopeful vineyard. He effectually routed the musty old superstitions, prejudices, and benighted notions of preceding generations, and took great delight in introducing youthful genius to the bright fields of literature and science. His juvenile contempora ries who had been committed to his charge, and who subsequently made any figure in the world, were deeply indebted to the Birmingham schoolmaster for the aid he afforded them in their studies, as well as for the sound doctrines he inculcated. As Philip of Macedon thanked the gods for giving him a son at a time when the boy could profit by the tuition of the Stagirite, so the parents of the Birmingham youths had good reason to be grateful for the privilege of placing their children under the care of John Forsythe. When the noble Quaker institution at Westtown, in this county, was erected (near the close of the last century), the skill and experience of John Forsythe were put in requisition until that hopeful seminary was fairly inaugurated, after which he retired to his comfortable farm in East Bradford, where he passed a venerable old age, until his eighty-seventh year, in superintending agricultural employments, and in manifesting a lively interest in the progress of education among our people. He presided at the first meeting, held in 1811, to promote the establishment of the West Chester Academy, and was one of the generous contributors to that laudable enterprise. No instructor ever labored in this community more faithfully nor with better effect. None has left a memory more worthy to be kindly cherished. John Forsythe, born 6, 11, 1754, died 3, 3, 1840, married 4, 12, 1781, at Birmingham Meeting, Hannah, daughter of John and Hannah Carter, of East Bradford. They settled on her father's farm and had the following children : John, b. 5, 19, 1783, d. 9, 30, 1870 ; James, b. 7, 1, 1785, d. 3, 9, 1851 ; Hannah, b. 12, 8, 1787, d. 8, 30, 1868, m. Ends Thomas, of Goshen. The sons engaged in the iron business, and built Thorndale Rolling-Mill, but the business was not profitable at that time. Jane, a sister of the emigrant John, married Richard McCammon and came to this country. They had two children,-Margaret and Jane. The last died in her twenty-first year, and was buried at Birmingham. Margaret was born 5, 13, 1790, and married William Marshall, of Kennet. FOULKE.-The writer of the following sketch died in 1741, aged eighty-eight years and five months, and was buried at Gwynedd. His descendants, of various names, are numerous in Chester County : "I, Edward Foulke, was the son of Foulke Thomas, the son of Evan, the son of Robert, the son of David Lloyd, the son of David, the son of Evan Vaughan, the son of Griffith the son of Madock, the son of Jerworth, the son of Madock the son of Ririd blaidd of the Poole, who was Lord of Penllyn, one of the northern divisions of Wales. "My mother's name was Lowry, the daughter of Edward the son of David, the son of Ellis, the son of Robert, of the Parish of Llanvor, in Merionethshire. "I was born on the 13th day of the 5th Month, Anno Domini 1651, and when arrived to mature age, I married Eleanor, the daughter of Hugh, the son of Cadwallader, the son of Rees of the Parrish of Spyter, in Derbyshire. Her mother's name was Gwen, the daughter of Ellis, the son of William, the son of Hugh, the son of Thomas, the son of David, the son of Madock, the son of Evan the son of Cott, the son of Evan, the son of Griffith, the son of Madock, the son of Enion, the son of Meredith of Cawvadock ; and was born in the same parish and shire with her husband. " I had, by my said wife, nine children, to wit: four sons and five daughters;-whose names were as followeth, viz.: Thomas, Hugh, Cadwallader, and Evan; Gwen, Grace, Jane, Catherine, and Margaret. 552 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. "We lived at a place called Coodyfoel; a farm belonging to Roger Price, Esq., of Rhewlass in Merionethshire aforesaid. But in process of time, I had an inclination to remove thence with my family, to the province of Pennsylvania, and in order thereto we set out on the 3d day of the 2d Month (April) Annoque Domini, 1698, and came in two days to Liverpool where, with divers others who intended to go the voyage, we took shipping the 17th of the same month, on board the Robert and Elizabeth ;' and the next day set sail for Ireland, where we arrived and stayed, until the 1st of the 3d Month (May), and thence again sailed for Pennsylvania, and were about eleven weeks at sea., and the sore distemper of the bloody flux broke out in the vessel, of which died five and forty persons in our passage. The distemper was so mortal that two or three corpse were cast over every day while it lasted. But through the favor and mercy of Divine Providence, I with my wife and nine children, escaped that sore mortality, and arrived safe at Philadelphia, about the 17th of 5th Month (July); where we were kindly received and entertained by our Friends and old acquaintance, until I purchased a tract of about seven hundred acres of land about sixteen miles from Philadelphia, on a part of which I settled. And divers others of our company who came over sea together, settled near me about the same time; which was the beginning of November, 1698, aforesaid; and the township was named Gwynedd or North Wales. "This account was written the 14th of 11th Month, (January) A.D. 1702, by Edward Foulke." FRANCIS, CASPER S.—The Francis family, of Swedish descent, was early found in Montgomery County, where lived Thomas Francis. His son Joseph married Susannah Snyder, whose grandfather was an emigrant from Germany. They had six sons and a daughter, of whom Casper S. was the second son and child. He was born in East Pikeland township, Aug. 31, 1811. He worked on the farm until his eighteenth year, and was engaged at millwright and carpenter work until 1836, when (September 20th) he was married to Martha Finkbiner. In the spring of 1837 he moved to the mill formerly belonging to Frederick Yost, which he purchased, with fifty acres of land, to which he afterwards added twenty-five. Here he remained, farming, until 1860, when he removed to Spring City (then Springville), to engage in the manufacture of stoves, under the firm-name of Smith, Francis & Wells. He was a director of the Phoenixville National Bank for nearly ten years. In 1866 he again embarked in the stove-foundry business at Royer's Ford, under the firm-name of Francis, Buckwalter & Co. In 1869 he was elected chief burgess, and was instrumental, in 1872, in procuring the charter for a national bank at Spring City, which soon organized with him as its president, which position he has ever since held. He was the means of having the name of the post-office and borough of Springville changed to Spring City. He has served repeatedly as school director, borough treasurer director in the Royer's Ford Bridge Association, and is a member, with his family, of the Reform Church. He is a good business man, safe and careful in his management, and is highly esteemed in the community as a public-spirited citizen of integrity and honor. FRAZER, PERSIFOR, son of John Frazer, who came from Scotland, was born near Newtown Square, Aug. 9, 1736. While yet a child his parents removed to Philadelphia, and when he grew up he was engaged in various active pursuits, as iron-works and mercantile business. He was one of the signers with the Philadelphia merchants of the pledge against the purchase and use of British goods when the difficulties with the mother-country began. Oct. 2, 1766, he married Mary, daughter of John and Sarah (Worrall) Taylor, a lady remarkable for her intelligence, patriotic spirit, and energy of character. She was BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 553 descended from the Taylors of Chester, early and distinguished immigrants, one of whom (Dr. John, her grandfather) was a respectable physician, an iron-master, and large landed proprietor, and his uncle (Jacob) a well-known astronomer and almanac-maker in the days of " Poor Richard." Soon after his marriage Persifor Frazer removed to the farm inherited by Mrs. Frazer, in Thornbury township, where, in addition to agriculture, he became concerned in iron-works on Chester Creek. In December, 1774, we find him taking part in the political meetings of Chester County to counteract the oppressive measures of Great Britain. In January, 1775, he was a delegate to the Provincial Convention. The proceedings were unanimous, and one of the first resolutions adopted was-in opposition to the policy of the mother-country-" to procure a law prohibiting the future importation of Slaves into this Province." In the beginning of the year 1776 a fourth battalion, or regiment, of Pennsylvania troops was organized, to be commanded by Anthony Wayne, of Chester County, as colonel, Francis Johnston, of Chester County, as lieutenant-colonel, and Nicholas Hausecker, of Lancaster County, as major. The regiment consisted of eight companies, with the following-named captains : Persifor Frazer, Thomas Robinson, of Chester County John Lacey, of Bucks County Caleb North, of Chester County Thomas Church, of Lancaster County Frederick Vernon, James Moore, James Taylor, of Chester County. These were severally commissioned by the Continental Congress, Jan. 5, 1776. Capt. Frazer was in his fortieth year when he entered the 'military service of his country, affording a fair presumption that he had maturely pondered his duties as a patriot. The campaign of 1776 was passed by the Fourth Regiment at or near the fortress of Ticonderoga, on the Canadian frontier, during which (viz., September 24th) Capt. Frazer was appointed major, vice Hausecker, promoted. In the spring of 1777 the Fourth Regiment-now in the brigade of Gen. Wayne-began its march towards Pennsylvania, and after some delay as a corps of observation in New Jersey, the brigade arrived at the camp, near Wilmington, Del., September 4th. On Brandywine battle day (Sept. 11, 1777) Gen. Wayne, with his command, was stationed near Chads' Ford until the retreat of the American troops from the principal battle-ground, near Birmingham Meeting-house, when the Americans retired to Chester, and the British halted at Dilworthstown until the 16th. Four days after the battle Majs. Frazer and Harper, while on a reconnoitring party, were captured by the enemy, and taken to the prison in Philadelphia when that city fell into the hands of the British. Nov. 12, 1777, Maj. Frazer was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of the Fifth Pennsylvania Regiment, to take rank from Oct. 1, 1776, by resolution of Congress, then sitting at York, Pa. The rigorous treatment of the American prisoners confined in the new jail in Philadelphia rendered it necessary, when practicable, that their families or friends should supply them with provisions and clothing to keep them from. - 70 - perishing. Mrs. Frazer and others were most exemplary in performing those duties. A pass from Lord Stirling is still preserved by the family, in the following words : "Permit Mrs. Frazier, Mrs. Harper, and Miss Nancy Frazier to pass to Philadelphia and to return. This pass to continue for eight days after General Howe's Army returns into the City of Phila- delphia. "STIRLING M. G." " December 27, 1777." After being some time a prisoner in the new jail, Col. Frazer was nominally allowed to go at large in the city on parole; but the terms of the parole were so rudely violated by the British officers that on March 17, 1778 (St. Patrick's day, while the Irish sentinels were drunk), he made his escape and rejoined the army, gallantly performing his duty in the battle of Monmouth, June 28, 1778. In the autumn of 1778, Col. Frazer having requested permission to retire from the service, his resignation was accepted October 9th in that year, on which occasion the following letter was addressed to him by his old commander, Gen. Wayne : "FREDERICKSBURG, 13th Octo'r, 1778. "DEAR SIR, -It is with real concern that I part with a gentleman who has wore than shared the dangers and fatigues of war with me; but, as you must have maturely considered the matter previous to your resignation, I can only wish you a safe arrival and a happy sight of your expecting friends. "At the same time I can't help expressing my regret at the loss of an officer who, in every vicissitude of fortune and upon every occasion, has proved himself the friend of his country, the gentleman, and the soldier. "Adieu, my dear sir, and believe me, with every sentiment of esteem, yours most affectionately, "ANTY WAYNE. "LIEUT.-COL. FRAZER." In April, 1780, Col. Frazer was appointed commissioner of purchases of army clothing for Chester County, and although urged by Gen. Wayne to accept the office, he declined it. In the years 1781, 1782, and 1784 he was elected to the Legislature, and in May, 1782, he was appointed a brigadier-general of the militia of Pennsylvania. In 1786 and 1790, Gen. Frazer was appointed register and recorder for Chester County, in which offices he departed this life, April 24, 1792, and his remains were interred in the burial-ground of Middletown Presbyterian Church, Delaware County. He was the grandfather of Gen. Persifor F. Smith, U.S.A., of Hon. P. Frazer Smith, Esq., of West Chester, and of Prof. John F. Frazer, of the University of Pennsylvania, now deceased. FRED, JOHN, " late of Ireland, produced a certificate for himselfe & family from the Monthly Meeting of Carlow, bearing date the 25th day of the 12th mo., 1712-13, to the satisfaction of this meeting & Nicholas & Rachel, son & Daughter of John Fred, came clear in relation to marriage." This certificate was presented to Concord Monthly Meeting 5, 13, 1713, at which time Benjamin Fred, son of John, also presented one, dated 11, 21, 1712. The latter returned to Ireland on business in 1713, and remained perhaps a year. John Fred died in March, 1719-20, and his widow in 1723, in Birmingham, where they had settled. Benjamin married, 4, 20, 1721, Deborah, daughter of Simon Hadly, of New Castle County, and removed to New 554 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Garden township, where he died in 1752, leaving no children. His sister Rachel married, 4, 20, 1721, James Miller, son of Gayen and Margaret, of Kennet, and after his death married James Miller, son of James and Catharine. Nicholas Fred married, about 1720, Ann Need, daughter of Joseph Need, of Darby. He lived in Birmingham, and was interested in a mill there. His widow died at the residence of William Hunt, 2, 7, 1770, and was buried at Concord. The children of Nicholas' and Ann, so far as known, were Mary, m. William McCall ; John, m. to Susanna Hope ; Joseph ; Sarah, m. 10, 25, 1753, to William Hunt ; Catharine, m. to Davis. Joseph Fred was married, 10, 18, 1753, to Sarah, daughter of Joshua Hadly, then of Virginia. He removed to the neighborhood of New Garden, and had the following children : Mary, b. 10, 10, 1754 ; Ann, b. 11, 18, 1755 ; Benjamin, b. 11, 13, 1757 ; Joseph, b. 3, 23, 1759 ; Joshua, b: 11, 25, 1761 ; Thomas, b. 3, 13, 176a; Nicholas, b. 8, 9, 1765. FRICK, JOHN.-The Frick family is of Swiss origin, being among the early German emigrants of the Baptist persuasion who settled along the Schuylkill in Chester and Montgomery Counties. Jacob Frick, September, 1733, came over on the " Pennsylvania," merchantman, of London, John Stedman, master, from Rotterdam. He, with his brother John, settled one mile east of Pottstown, and later removed to Chester Valley, two miles from Valley Forge, where they lived during the Revolutionary war, near the scene of the Paoli massacre, and on their farm the British and Hessians encamped after the battle of Brandywine. Jacob Frick, born 1717, married Elizabeth Urner, who was born in 1724 ; he died in 1799, and she in 1757. Their son John married Catharine Grumbacher, from which union was born Jacob Prick. He married Mary Sower, daughter of David, and granddaughter of Christopher Sauer.* To Jacob and Mary (Sower) Frick were born eight children, of whom three survive. Of these, John Frick was born April 26, 1811, and was the eldest child. He moved with his parents, when two years old, to the farm he now owns, and on which he has ever since resided. Feb. 4, 1836, he married Mira Reinhart, daughter of Daniel Reinhart, to whom were born four children,-one daughter died in infancy ; Harriet Emily (deceased), married to Rev. A. J. Rowland, pastor of Tenth Baptist Church, Philadelphia ; Ann Sarah, and Isabella R. Mr. Frick taught school in his younger days ; was many years a surveyor, and still occasionally does surveying when called upon. Farming has been his general avocation. He is a member of the German Baptist or Brethren Church. He has frequently served as a school director, and ever taken a deep interest in the progress of the free schools. He is a worthy citizen, and a lineal descendant of a noted ancestry. *Christopher Sauer was born in 1693, and came to America in the fall of 1724, from Baasphe, in Witgenstein, Germany, and proceeded to Germantown, now part of Philadelphia. He was a man of great note in the printing and publishing business. He published, in 1743, a magnificent quarto edition of the Bible in the German language, and no copy of the Bible in English was printed in America until many years afterwards. He was a great scholar, and the pioneer of his day in the publication of books, almanacs, hymn-books, Bibles, etc. His son, David Sower, born in 1764, was a well-educated man, who was many years in the printing business, and published (among other papers) the Norristown Gazette, the issue of which of Dec. 20, 1799, contained an elaborate account of Washington's death. ELI FREDD. John Fred, or Fredd, and family came from Ireland and settled in Birmingham township. His son Nicholas was the father of Joseph Fredd, whose son Benjamin was born in 1757, and died April 11, 1838. Sarah, wife of Benjamin, died March 2, 1843, aged about ninety-three years. Their children were Susanna, born March 24, 1791, and died Oct. 31, 1832 ; John, born Nov. 27, 1792, and died May 27, 1872 ; Isaac, born Nov. 16, 1794 ; Amos, born Feb. 14, 1797, and died February, 1862 ; Elizabeth, born Sept. 6, 1799, and died May 29, 1844 ; Eli ; Rachel, born July 31, 1804 ; Sarah, born May 6, 1808, married to William P. Robinson, and died Feb. 1, 1877 ; and George, born Feb. 7, 1811, and the only surviving child. Of these, Eli was born Dec. 7, 1801, and married Sarah, daughter of Vincent and Mary F. Wiley, born July 30,,1820. Their children were Benjamin Eli and Sallie (twins), born Feb. 10, 1855. The latter died Sept. 29, 1866 ; the former married Martha Y., daughter of Joshua and Martha Broomell, of East Fallowfield township, and has one child, George Benjamin, born Oct. 3, 1879. Benjamin E. has about two hundred acres of finely located land and two sets of buildings. Eli Fredd died March 30, 1870, and his wife survives him. He was born in West Marlborough, and was a good farmer, an upright citizen, well esteemed in the community, and left a fine estate of real and personal property. RESIDENCE OF BENJAMIN E. FREDD, FAST FALLOWFIELD. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 555 FULTON, JAMES, JR., was born in East Fallowfield, Chester Co., 4th mo. 8th, 1813. His parents, James and Ann Fulton (of Sadsbury and Kennet respectively), were the first to make their home in what subsequently became the village of Ercildoun, which name it received chiefly through the instrumentality of the son. Even in youth the son was distinguished by an inborn sense of right, which, combined with a kind and loving disposition, restrained him from indulging in the rough games and wild pranks peculiar to boyhood. His opportunities for obtaining a scholastic education were very meagre, yet he became a remarkably well-educated man. His love of truth and justice were great, and in efforts to vindicate the right he was untiring. He became the peacemaker of his neighborhood. While in his minority he identified himself with the friends of total abstinence from intoxicants, and also from tobacco, and thenceforward upheld these testimonies both by precept and example. At the age of fifteen he became a zealous Whig, and took an active part in the campaign of 1828. He was never satisfied to assist any one to a position of trust in the meeting, the county, the State, or the nation who had not given evidence in the past, or a pledge for the future, of a determination to serve the highest interests of mankind. There was no form of wrong-doing, however shielded by place or power, that did not receive from him indignant protest. The slave fleeing from Southern bondage found in him a ready helper, as the records of the Underground Railway abundantly testify. He was the leader in organizing the East Fallowfield Anti-Slavery Society. The first meetings were held in Taylor's school-house, near Newlin's mills, in the summer of 1835. The society dates from 8th mo. 29th of that year. It numbered thirty-four members, and held its meetings quarterly. In the winter of 1835 he wrote a series of articles for the West Chester Register in opposition to the colonization scheme, feeling that it was not an adequate or even an auxiliary remedy for the evils of slavery. In the winter of 1836-37 he was engaged in lecturing and securing subscriptions to the anti-slavery publications in southern Chester, Lancaster, and York Counties. In most cases he was granted respectful hearing. On the 18th of 12th mo., 1837, he addressed a letter to Henry Clay, suggested by the inquiry, made by the latter in the Senate of Northern members, whether the continued excitement and multitude of petitions did not grow out of the manner in which Congress had treated the petitioners. In this he wrote that " by far the greater body of them have acted from a deep, abiding, thoroughly-fixed and immovably-grounded religious conviction of the sinfulness of slavery, of the constitutional power of Congress over it in the District of Columbia, the Territory of Florida, and over the inter-State slave-trade, and no power on earth can check them in the discharge of their duty in this matter, nor will the petitioning cease, nor will the ' excitement' abate until the cause is removed." He continued to lecture and write against slavery and intemperance through the succeeding years of his life. During the winter of 1839 he held many meetings in Lancaster and York Counties. At Soudersburg, notwithstanding the sheriff threw around him the protection of the law, it was not sufficient to enable him to proceed ; the meeting was broken up in great confusion, the mob threatening violence to himself and his friends. One who was present writes : " Never in all our knowledge of James Fulton, Jr., did his loving amiability shine out more conspicuously than in his behavior before these vulgar mobs." He was subjected to many indignities while pleading the cause of the oppressed, even near his own home. He was insulted, maltreated, pelted with eggs, and on one occasion he and George H. Earle, of Philadelphia, were driven from an adjacent village by the mob with clubs and stones. Although prior to 1844 he had been opposed to the formation of an anti-slavery political party, after that date he labored in its interests. In the winter of 1844 an anti-slavery meeting, held in the Friends' meeting-house at Ercildoun, was broken up by a mob. Its further use for such meetings was refused. Being also denied access to the school-houses, the friends of freedom, although poor in means, conceived the plan of putting up a free hall. This was warmly seconded by the liberal-minded of various opinions, and resulted in the erection of the " People's Hall," whose use and benefits were untrammeled with conditions of sect, party, clan, or clime. The rioters were arrested and tried (February term, 1845), and the jury returned a verdict of not guilty, and put the costs upon the prosecution, notwithstanding Judge Bell's charge to the contrary. James Fulton was indifferent to no duty of philanthropy, negligent of no obligation arising out of ordinary relations of life, and was as diligent in labor as he was fervent in spirit. Though born and educated in a secluded condition, and courting and enjoying retirement, his thoughts and aspirations bounded to the remotest verge of his country. Bred to the occupation of the farmer, he ever turned the furrow of thought as his plowshare was turning the furrow of the field. His life was one unbroken toil of both body and mind. He was one of the most active and efficient of those who have made Chester County famous for its reform spirit throughout the nation. He died Aug. 24, 1850. The last public measure in which he took part was the securing of a daily mail to his vicinity, obtained, after persistent effort, a few months before his death. JOHN FULTON, an emigrant from the north of Ireland, and of Scotch descent, came about 1750, and settled near Oxford, Pa. He was a captain in the patriot army during the American Revolution. His son James was the father of James J. Fulton, who married Nancy A. Ramsey. To them were born four sons—William T., Joseph M., James, and Hugh R., the latter an attorney in Lancaster —and two daughters,—Rachel and Jane, both deceased in their infancy. WILLIAM T. FULTON was born in West Nottingham, Feb. 27, 1835, on the place where his grandfather had located. He was educated in the common schools, and later at the Jordan Bank Academy. He engaged in farm- 556 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ing, then learned the blacksmithing trade, and later taught school some two years. He read law with " the Great Commoner," Hon. Thaddeus Stevens, and afterwards with Hon. J. Smith Futhey. He was admitted to the bar May 13, 1861. He settled at Oxford. In August and September, 1861, he helped to recruit Company E, Purnell Legion, Maryland Infantry, made up of the bordermen of Pennsylvania and Maryland. He was captain of the company until August, 1862, when he was promoted to be major of the regiment, and was subsequently discharged on account of physical disability. After leaving the army he resumed the practice of his profession, which he continued until the invasion of the State by Lee in 1863, when he volunteered in the State service to repel the invaders. He was elected justice of the peace in 1863, re-elected in 1868, and again in 1873, resigning Nov. 1, 1876, to accept a seat in the Legislature, to which he was that year elected, and to which he was re-elected in 1878. In the Legislature he was a member of many important committees, among which were those of Judiciary, general and local, and of Federal Relations, of which latter he was chairman. He is a stanch Republican and very active in politics. In 1865 he was married to Hannah A., daughter of Joseph Kirk, of West Nottingham, and in 1876 to Annie E. Neeper, of Oxford. By his first wife he had two children, Kirk and Annie E., and by his second marriage one daughter, Jennie. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, and one of its trustees ; also belongs to Fairview Lodge, No. 334, I. 0. 0. F.; is a director in the Oxford National College Bank, and associate counsel of the Philadelphia and Baltimore Central Railroad. He gives his full time and attention to the practice of his profession, in which he has been successful. He is a public-spirited citizen, and his influence is largely felt in all measures for the public good. DR. JAMES FULTON, brother of the last named, and son of James J. and Nancy (Ramsey) Fulton, was born Nov. 12, 1832. He was educated at the public schools of the neighborhood, at the academy of Evan Pugh, at Delaware (Newark, Del.), and at Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia. He read medicine four years with Dr. Thomas H. Thompson, beginning in 1855 and graduating in 1859, when he began practicing his profession at Jennerville, this county." After two years he went into the army as assistant surgeon of the 143d Regiment Pennsylvania Volunteers, which position he held' until his resignation, April 4, 1864. He was captured at the battle of Gettysburg, in the first day's fight, when the Union forces were driven back through the town, and reported to Gen. A. P. Hill, who directed him to go back of the hospital and do the best he could for the sick and wounded. In this battle it was his duty to provide food and shelter for the sick and wounded,—a difficult thing to do when the wounded were within the enemy's lines, and the trains with the provisions far to the south of the town. He tried begging from house to house, but this was an exceedingly slow operation, as the enemy had exhausted the supply before the battle came on. In looking around he found bakers and bakeries, but no flour. Upon consulting some of the rebel officers they advised him to visit Gen. Ewell, stating they had BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 557 DR. JAMES FULTON. plenty of flour in their trains, and that he would willingly supply all needed. He accordingly visited Gen. Ewell, finding a sharp-visaged little man, enjoying a good breakfast on a bridge to the east of the town. He promised a supply of flour, and sent him back to duty happy in the thought of being soon able to provide food for the poor fellows who were suffering with hunger. This was on the morning of the third day of the battle. It is enough to say that the meal did not come, as at the time Dr. Fulton was talking with him the flour was getting away to " Old Virginia" as fast as the rebel teams could take it. After leaving the general and coming back to town, he told a baker what he had done, when the latter asked him if there was any assurance that a person would get paid if they furnished something in the line of provisions. The doctor told him he certainly would be paid, and he would give him vouchers. He then said that he had sixteen bar- rels of crackers which he would sell, and immediately proceeded to loosen the boards of the garret of his shop, and brought down the crackers. The doctor procured a guard, and had them taken to the differed hospitals. They served a good purpose until the enemy retreated, when provisions poured in plentifully from all sides. Thus while the Union army was manfully struggling to hold its position to the south of the town, on Cemetery Hill, Round Top, and Culp's Hill), the doctor was busily engaged in trying to keep the wounded of the first day's fight from suffering with hunger. The doctor is a learned and skillful physician, enjoying in an eminent degree the confidence of the community and the esteem of the medical world. He married, May 16, 1861, Anna M. Johnson, by whom he has had the following children : Rebecca, James, Mary, Carrie, William, and Gertrude. He is a member of the Oxford Medical Society, of the Chester County Medical Society (of which he has been president), and is now the examining surgeon of the government for the pension department in this county. He belongs to the F. and A. M. and I. O. O. F., in both of which he has been quite prominent. FUSSELL, SOLOMON, born in Yorkshire, England, 1704, son of William and Elizabeth Fussell, came to Pennsylvania, and settled in Philadelphia about 1721. He married Susannah Coney, daughter of Jacob Coney and wife Barbara (daughter of William Clinkenbeard). Their son, William Fussell, born 1728-9, married, at Abington, 8, 10, 1751, Sarah Longstreth, daughter of Bartholomew and Ann, and about 1761 settled in Chester County ; died 1803 or 1804 at Phoenixville, and was buried at Pikeland Meeting. Sarah was born 11, 8, 1728-9, and died 9, 21, 1800. Their children were Susanna, b. 1, 29, 1753, married Aaron Dunkin ; Bartholomew, b. 9, 28, 1754, d. 10, 17, 1838, near Yellow Springs, Chester Co., aged eighty-four ; Solomon, b. 12, 20, 1755, d. 10, 22, 1793. Bartholomew Fussell, born in Philadelphia, removed, when young, with his parents to near Phoenixville ; lived also in Montgomery County, and afterwards removed to Maryland and became a member of Little Falls (now Fallston) Monthly Meeting of Friends. In old age he returned with his wife to Chester. County; was for many years an esteemed minister of the society, and at the time of his death a member of Uwchlan Monthly ̊Meeting, which issued a testimony or memorial concerning him. He married, 6, 6, 1781, Rebecca Bond, daughter of Joseph and Esther (Jeanes) Bond, and granddaughter of Richard and Charity Bond. Esther Jeanes was the daughter of William Jeanes and wife Esther (Brewer), and was one of 558 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the " first" white children born in Philadelphia. Rebecca Fussell, born 10, 9, 1751, near Kimberton, Chester Co., died 3, 4, 1851, nearly one hundred years of age.. Their children were Esther, b. at Hatboro', Pa., 3, 18, 1782, died in Chester County, 2, 18, 1848, m. John Lewis, Jr. ; William, b. 6, 30, 1783, d. 6, 4, 1856, m. Jane Foulke ; Sarah, b. 9, 10, 1784, d. 8, 11, 1860, m. Thomas P. Jacobs ; Joseph, b. 4, 26, 1787, d. at Fall Creek, Ind., 1855 ; Solomon, b. 6, 28, 1789 ; Jacob, b. 2, 7, 1792, d. 8, 7, 1855 ; Bartholomew, b. 1, 9, 1794, d. 1, 14, 1871 ; Rebecca, b. 4, 21, 1796, m. Joseph Trimble. William Fussell married, 9, 28, 1809, Jane, daughter of Edward .and Elizabeth R. Foulke. Edward Foulke was the son of John, the son of Hugh, the son of Edward and Eleanor Foulke, who came from Wales. The children of William and Jane Fussell were Elizabeth R., Edwin, Esther Ann, Joseph, and Milton. Edwin, born 6, 14, 1813, married his cousin, Rebecca Lewis, 1, 20, 1838, and resides in Media. He is the father of Charles Lewis Fussell, an artist, of Philadelphia, whose paintings have been much admired ; also of Dr. Linnaeus Fussell, an active member of the Delaware County Institute of Science. Dr. Bartholomew Fussell, born in Chester County, 1, 9, 1794, removed in early life to Maryland, where he taught school and read medicine, and where he found means to give Sabbath and private instruction to great numbers of slaves, many of whom, with hundreds of other fugitives of their class, he afterwards protected and assisted at his home in Pennsylvania while on their way to freedom. Laboring, in connection with the late Thomas Garrett, of Wilmington, Del., and with many others, at available points, about two thousand fugitives passed through his hands on their way to freedom,.and among these he frequently had the delight of welcoming some of his old Sabbath-school pupils. The mutual recognition was sometimes touching in the extreme. In later life his anecdotes and reminiscences, told in the vivid style resulting from a remarkably retentive memory, which could recall word, tone, and gesture, brought to life some of the most interesting of his experiences with these fleeing bondmen, whose histories no romance could ever equal. After his graduation in medicine, being at one time called upon to deliver an address before the Medical Society of Baltimore, in the midst of a pro-slavery audience and before slave-holding professors and men of authority, Dr. Fussell, with a courage scarcely to be comprehended at this late day, denounced " the most preposterous and cruel practice of slavery as replete with the causes of disease," and expressed the hope that the day would come " when slavery and cruelty should have no abiding-place in the whole habitable earth ; when the philosopher and the pious Christian could use the salutation of brother,' and the physician and divine be as one man ; when the rich and the poor should know no distinction ; the great and the small be equal in dominion, and the arrogant master and his menial slave should make a truce of friendship with each other, all following the same law of reason, all guided by the light of Truth." He was one of the signers of the " Declaration of Sentiments," issued by the American Anti-Slavery Society in 1833, and he had the gratification of attending the last meeting of the Pennsylvania Anti-Slavery Society, called to celebrate the downfall of slavery in America, and for the dissolution of an organization whose purpose was effected. But it was not slavery alone which occupied the thoughts and attention of this large-hearted man. He was well known as an advocate of common-school education, of temperance, and of every other interest which, in his view, pertained to the welfare of man. As a practitioner of medicine he was eminently successful, his intense sympathy with suffering seeming to elevate his faculties and give them unwonted vigor in tracing the hidden causes of disease, and in suggesting to his mind alleviating agencies. His patients felt an unspeakable comfort in his presence, well knowing that the best possible remedy which his knowledge, his judgment, or his experience suggested would be selected, let the difficulty or inconvenience to himself be what it would. He believed in woman as only a thoroughly good man can, and from early youth he had been impressed with her peculiar fitness for the practice of medicine. In the year 1840 he gave regular instruction to a class of ladies, and it was through one of these pupils that the first female graduate in America was interested in the study of medicine. In 1846 he communicated to a few liberal-minded professional men a plan for the establishment of a college of the highest grade for the medical education of women. This long-cherished plan, hallowed to him by the approbation of a beloved wife, was well received. Others, with indomitable zeal, took up the work, and finally, after a succession of disappointments and discouragements from causes within and without, the Woman's College, on North College Avenue, Philadelphia, starting from the germ of his thought, entered on the career of prosperity it is so well entitled to receive. Though never at any time connected with the college, he regarded its success with the most affectionate interest, considering its establishment as one of the most important results of his life.* Dr. Fussell married first, 5, 26, 1826, Lydia Morris, daughter of Morris and Jerusha (Whitton) Morris, born 7, 13, 1804, at Fox Chase, Montgomery Co., died 7, 3, 1840. He married second, 2, 9, 1841, widow Rebecca C. Hewes, daughter of Edward and Rebecca (Peirce) Churchman, born 12, 13, 1804. He died at the residence of his son, Dr. Morris Fussell, in West Pikeland, near Chester Springs, at the age pf seventy-six years. FUTHEY.-The Futheys are of Scotch origin. Their home in the seventeenth century was near Arbroath, in the county of Forfar, on the eastern coast of Scotland, where they owned lands bearing the same name. The family was prominent and influential, Alexander Futhey and Henry Futhey being members of the old Scottish Parliament in the reign of Charles II., while others of them filled positions of trust and honor. Robert Futhey emigrated from Scotland to the north of Ireland in the latter part of the seventeenth century, and settled in Belfast. He had a son Robert, who between the * See " Genealogy of Dawson Family," by C. C. Dawson. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 559 years 1725 and 1730 came with his family to America, and settled in the southern part of Chester Co:, Pa. He died soon after his arrival, leaving four children,—Robert, Samuel, Margery, and Henry. Robert removed to the Cumberland Valley, in that part of it now Franklin County, about the year 1770, and his descendants are numerous in Western Pennsylvania, and in some of the Western and Southern States. Henry removed to the western part of North Carolina, in the neighborhood of Charlotte, at a time when there was an extensive emigration of Scotch-Irish from Pennsylvania to that region. He has descendants in North and South Carolina. Samuel was born in 1724 and during his earlier years, after arriving in this country, resided in Londonderry township, Chester Co. In January, 1750, he married Ruth, daughter of Samuel Steele, of New London township. In 1763 he purchased and removed to a farm of over two hundred acres in West ROBERT FUTHEY. Fallowfield (now Highland) township, a portion of which is still ,occupied by some of his descendants. During the Revolution he was an ardent Whig, as, indeed, were all those of Scotch-Irish lineage. He had the reputation of being a very superior judge of horses, so much so that persons about purchasing came to him from considerable distances to obtain his judgment. He was employed by the Supreme Executive Council to purchase horses for the use of the Continental army. In the proceedings of the Council of the date of April 1, 1778, as given in the Colonial Records, is the following entry : " An order was drawn on the treasurer in favor of Stephen Cochran for the sum of two thousand pounds, to be by him paid to Samuel Futhey, of the county of Chester, to purchase horses with to mount the cavalry, agreeably to the request of the committee of Congress, now at Camp." Frequent mention is made in the proceedings of the Council of his having delivered into the Continental stables horses purchased by him for the use of the army. In August, 1777, the Council appointed persons to take an account of all the wheat, flour, grain, and other stores in the county of Chester, and for the purpose of billeting and providing for the poor that might be removed out of the city of Philadelphia, and Thomas Heslep and Samuel Futhey were appointed to perform that duty for East and West Fallowfield townships. The following letter, addressed to him, and written during the Revolution, is interesting as showing the depreciated state of the paper currency in circulation : "MR. SAMUEL FUTHEY : The mare you bought at my vendue, she stood you in £1525, and out of that you paid 3970 dollars, and there is returned to me 170 dollars counterfeits, which I have left in the hands of Mr. John Heaslet to give to you, and if you will please to strike the balance you will much oblige your friend and humble servant, " TRISTRAM MOORE." He held slaves under the laws of Pennsylvania. In accordance with an act of Assembly of 1780 for the gradual abolition of slavery, he made the following return to the office of the clerk of courts of the slaves owned by him at that date, viz. : "Samuel Futhey, of West Fallowfield, returns : "No. 1. A mulatto woman, named Jinn, aged twenty years, a slave for life. "No. 2. A mulatto girl, named Dinah, aged one year and three months, a slave for life." He died Jan. 27, 1790, and was buried in the family burial-ground at New London. As a curious item it may be added that in the appraisement of his estate his slaves were valued as follows : Jinn, at £30 ; Sal, at £7 10s. ; and Jenny, at £5. Their order in the inventory is between the black horse and the grindstone. He left two children to 560 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. survive him,—Ann, born Nov. 2, 1750, and Samuel, born Sept. 1, 1753. A son, Robert, served in the army in the Revolution, and was in the disastrous battle of Three Rivers, in Canada, in 1776. He died soon afterwards from the exposures of the service. Two other children, Ann and Francis, died young. Ann Futhey married Samuel Dale in January, 1769, and removed to the Buffalo Valley, near the present town of Lewisburg, Pa. Samuel Dale became a prominent and influential citizen, and was a member of the House of Representatives of Pennsylvania ten years, and of the Senate six years. Their descendants, of various names, are numerous, and have filled influential positions in the State and country. Samuel Futhey (2) had considerable taste for military affairs, and served five campaigns in the war of the Revolution, and in 1794 he was adjutant of a regiment of cavalry that marched to aid the general government in quelling what is known as the " Whisky Insurrection," in -Western Pennsylvania. He subsequently filled the office of brigade inspector for seven years, and was then and afterwards addressed as Maj. Futhey. In 1782 he married Margaret McPherson, who died in 1784, and in 1788 he married Martha Smith. He died Feb. 22, 1812, and was interred at New London. Maj. Futhey left five children,—Robert, Jane, Sarah, Samuel, and John S. Robert Futhey was born Jan. 21, 1789, and resided on a part of the old homestead farm in 'West Fallowfield township. He served in the war of 1812 —14, and was a member of the Legislature .of Pennsylvania in 1841 and 1842. He married Margaret Parkinson, of Carlisle, Pa. He was esteemed as a valuable citizen, and was a peacemaker in his neighborhood, and by his individual influence contributed much in abating asperities and in the settlement of many disputes, which by any other than a mild and temperate course would have ended in litigation. He died July 29, 1870. His surviving children are J. Smith, James L., Martha, Elizabeth, and Robert. His eldest son, J. Smith Futhey, is one of the authors of this volume, and since March 1, 1879, has been president judge of the courts of Chester County. Samuel Futhey was born Feb. 2, 1794, and owned and occupied the old homestead. His wife was Ann Parkinson, a sister of his brother Robert's wife. He died March 29, 1855, leaving three children,—Robert Agnew, Mary A., and Samuel Dale, one of whom, Robert A., was the first superintendent of public schools of Chester County, and is now cashier of the Parkesburg National Bank. John S. Futhey was born Dec. 20, 1796. He resided for many years in Wrightsville, York Co., and during his later years in West Chester, where he died Aug. 18, 1867. His wife was Juliann, a sister of the late Gen. Samuel P. Heintzelman. They left no descendants. GANDOUETT, FRANCIS, " Doctor in Physick," of Bristol, England, came to Philadelphia before 1712. His children were Solomon, Alexander, Jeremiah, Francis, Mary, and Henrietta. His son Alexander, also a physician, lived in Chester in 1736, and in that year petitioned for a license to sell " Cordiall waters" of his own distillation by small measure, as well as to use it in his practice. There is evidence that his practice extended many miles from Chester. GARDNER, CARSWELL, was born in the year 1756. He entered the army of the United States in 1776, in a regiment commanded by Col. Ward, and was taken prisoner by the British on Dorchester Neck, carried to Boston, and confined on board a transport-ship in Boston Harbor. In about six weeks he escaped in one of the cutters of the enemy. This he sold for eighty dollars, which he received in bills of one dollar each, all bearing the head of John Hancock. Soon thereafter he was appointed sergeant of the foot-guard of Gen. Washington. He followed the fortunes of the general, and was in the battles of Long Island, White Plains, Princeton, and Trenton, and shared in the honor of taking the Hessians at the latter place. His term of service having expired, at the solicitation of Gen. Washington he recruited a troop of horse, which was joined by twenty-two of the foot-guard. When the troop was marched to Morristown, where the army then lay, Gen. Washington made choice of the same twenty-two, together with Mr. Gardner, as his horse-guard, on account of his attachment to them and his confidence in them. They marched with him to various places, and hutted at Valley Forge, sharing great privations during the long and inclement winter when the army lay at that point. At the battle of Germantown Mr. Gardner was the bearer of a flag of truce, by order of Gen. Washington, to the enemy in Chew's house, commanding them to surrender, but was not permitted to approach within speaking distance of the house before he was fired upon. He bore 'a part in the battle of Brandywine ; he was also in the battle of Monmouth, and was the bearer of a dispatch from Gen. Washington to Gen. Lee, the evening before the battle, containing orders relative to that battle, which were disobeyed by Gen. Lee, and for which disobedience he was afterwards tried by court-martial and suspended from service. He served as a member of the horse-guards until Gen. Washington went to West Point in 1779, when he joined the regiment of light dragoons under the command of Col. William Washington. At the end of his term of service, in 1780, he received an honorable discharge from Col. Washington, with a request that he would engage in the service as a recruiting-officer, which he did. At the close of the war he engaged in the peaceful pursuit of agriculture in New London township, Chester Co., where he spent the remainder of a long life, respected and esteemed by his neighbors. He received a pension from the general government, and died in the year 1842, at the age of eighty-six years. GARRETT, JOHN, and Mary, his wife, were the parents of the following children, whose births and baptisms are taken from a Bible printed in 1634: " John garat was borne the 10 day Januari 1631 and baptised forteenth. " - garat was borne the 30 day of Aprill 1640 baptised the third of May. " Mari garat was baptised the fifteenth of May 1642. "William garat borne 21 of August and baptised the third of september 1643. "Catren garatt baptised May 26 in the year of our lord god 1646. " Thomas Garrat the sonne of John Garratt and Mary his wife was baptised in May the 17, 1649." Of these children, William married Ann Kerke (Kirk ?), BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 561 2, 19, 1668, probably at a Friends' meeting, and lived at Harby, in the county of Leicester, until 1684, when he came to Pennsylvania and settled in Darby. The following memorandum is from the records of Philadelphia Monthly Meeting : "William Garret, John S.nith, Robert Cliffe, & Samuel Levis, Their Certificate was Read in the monthly meeting at Philadelphia and accepted, which was given them by the meeting at Harby in the County of Leicester, the 20th day of ye 5th month, 1684, & Subscribed by Edwd Hallam, Henry Brown, John Marriot, Robert Dubbleday, with severall others." The certificate was presented at a meeting held at the " Governor's house," in Philadelphia, 9, 4, 1684. The children of "William and Ann Garratt (as the name is written in the family Bible) were these : Ann, b. at Hosse, 12, 4, 1668, buried 9, 10, 1672 ; Mary, b. at Hose, 9th mo., 1670, m. Abel Noble, 1692 ; Samuel, b. at Harby, 5, 8, 1672, d. 1, 4, 1743-4 ; Hannah, b. at Harby, 4, 23, 1674, m. George Emlen, 1694 ; Sarah, b. 4, 23, 1676, m. Randal Crosson, 2, 8, 1702 ; Alice, b. 4, 24, 1678, m. Joseph Pennell, 2, 8, 1702 ; William, b. 2, 4, 1679, d. 1, 5, 1726-7 ; Thomas,. b. 2d mo., 1681, died 12th mo., 1716-7 ; John, b. 1, 22, 1685-6, d. 8, 21, 1713. Before leaving England, William Garrett and Samuel Levis had jointly purchased 1000 acres of land in Pennsylvania by deeds of Aug. 9 and 10, 1684. The land was afterwards located in Willistown township. William Garrett was styled a " webster" in the old writings. He appears to have removed to Philadelphia before his death. His wife died there in 1722, and he in 1724. Samuel Garrett married, in 1698, Jane, daughter of Robert and Hannah Pennell, of Middletown, born 5, 13, 1678, died 6, 27, 1736, and they had the following chil-. dren : Mary, b. 4, 7, 1699, m. Thomas Oldman in 1721, and (second) Obadiah Eldridge ; Joseph, b. 2, 25, 1701, m. 2, 25, 1722, Mary Sharpless ; Hannah, b. 7, 18, 1704, m. William Lewis in 1728 ; Samuel, b. 10, 20, 1706, d. 19, 1707 ; Samuel (2), b. 8, 22, 1708, d. 1, 29, 1747, m. 9th mo., 1731, Sarah Hibberd ; Nathan, b. 12, 13, 1711; James, b. 4, 17, 1714 ; Thomas, b. 10, 26, 1717 ; Jane, b. 4, 20, 1719. William Garrett, Jr., married Mary Smith in 1709, and had children,-John, Elizabeth, Isaac, Martha, Joshua, Mary, Hannah, William. Of these, Isaac settled in Willistown. Thomas Garrett married, in 1704, Rebecca Vernon and settled in Willistown. He left four children,-William, Samuel, Susanna, and Hannah. His widow married Richard Jones, of Goshen. Samuel Garrett, Jr., upon his marriage settled in Willistown, where he died, leaving four children, and his widow married Amos Yarnall. His children were Josiah, b. 1, 21, 1733, d. about 1794, m. Mary Yarnall ; Jesse, b. 6, .18, 1735, d. 7, 7, 1811, m. Abigail Yarnall ; Samuel, b. .12, 2, 1742-3, m. Susanna Lewis ; Aaron, b. 12, 27, 1746, d. 3, 18, 1815, m. Rachel. Cox, 11, 30, 1769, daughter of Lawrence and Sarah Cox, of Willistown. She died 2, 4, 1815. The children of Aaron and Rachel were Levi, Amos, Aaron, Sarah, Robert, and Mary. Aaron, Jr., married - 71 - Jane Hoopes, daughter of Jesse and Rachel, and had children,-David, b. 11, 28, 1803, d. 10, 17, 1868, Rachel Y., Betsy, Jesse H., Aaron, and Jane. Of these, only David and Aaron married, and the former lived for several years of the last of his life immediately west of Birmingham Meeting. Robert Garrett, son of Aaron and Jane, married Albina Hoopes, daughter of Jesse and Rachel. His only representative is his grandson, Albin Garrett.. There was a George Garrett settled in Whiteland as early as 1722, who, with Ann, his wife, had children,-Ann, b. 8, 21, 1710, Ellen, Elizabeth, Alice, Thomas, George, William, Mary, and John. They were Friends, but are not known to have been related to the Garretts of Darby, Willistown, etc. GATCHELL, ELISHA, of East Nottingham, was a prominent and active citizen in his day, and had settled in that township prior to 1716. He died at an advanced age in the winter of 1753-54, and his widow, Rachel, about 1760.. They became Friends after their arrival in this country. Their children were Sarah, m. to Andrew Job, 9, 24, 1726 ; Elizabeth, m. 9, 24, 1726, to Thomas Hughes, and again, to Edward Mitchell ; Abigail, m.' 10, 24, 1747, to Enoch Job, and again, to John Price ; Elisha, m. 8, 3, 1733, to Mary, daughter of Henry Worley ; Hannah, m. to Joshua Brown ; Esther, in. to Jeremiah Brown ; and Anne, m. to Timothy Kirk. The children of Elisha and Mary Gatchell were Jeremiah, b. 9, 2, 1734, in. 7, 3, 1753, to Hannah Brown ; Nathan, b. 4, 29, 1737, died young ; Lydia, b. 7, 26, 1741, d. 12, 6, 1765; Joseph, b. 11, 7, 1743, m. 1, 10, 1765, Hannah Churchman ; Elisha, b. 12, 22, 1746, d. 3, 25, 1758 ; Samuel, b. 3, 18, 1749 ; David, b. 6, 25, 1751. Samuel, son of Jeremiah and Hannah, of Lancaster County, In. 3, 29, 1787, Phebe Allen, of East Marlborough. Their son Elisha, born 10, 20, 1789, married Martha, daughter of George Martin, 11, 28, 1816, and resided in Newlin township. Dr. Elisha Gatchell was born in Newlin township, Chester Co., April 18, 1828. His parents were Elisha and Martha Gatchell. They were members of the Society of Friends, of which society the doctor was also a 'member. He was educated at Phillips' Academy, Andover, Mass.; at Kimball Union Academy, New Hampshire; and at Brown University, Rhode Island. He graduated M.D. at the University of Pennsylvania in 1855. In that year he located at Kennet Square, Chester Co., and entered upon the practice of his profession. He soon found himself engaged in a large and lucrative practice, which he was obliged partly to decline on account of his feeble health, when he became principal of the Eaton Academy in that place. In the summer of 1857 he left home with the purpose of seeking a residence in Kansas, hoping to be benefited by the change 'of locality. He became indisposed, however, on his way, in Philadelphia, and died Oct. 5, 1857. Dr. Gatchell was distinguished for a diligent and thorough investigation of every subject to which his attention was directed. He was a good classical scholar, and had a slight acquaintance with sonic of the modern European languages, and considerable familiarity, for one of his age, with Eng- 562 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA lish literature. He gave high promise of future success, not only as a physician, but as a general scholar. He was ardent in the pursuit of his undertakings, and a man of probity and integrity, and was highly esteemed in the community in which his lot was cast. GAUSE, CHARLES, of East Nottingham, married Jane, daughter of Evan Powell, of New Garden, and died in 1732, leaving two sons,—Evan, b. 1, 23, 1724-5, and Charles, b. 3, 11, 1731. The name is generally written Goss in the old records, and it is believed to have been so spelled by the family. Charles Gause married Grace Dixon, of Mill Creek, in 1753, and had several children. They went to what was then called the Redstone settlement, in the western part of the State. Evan Cause married " by a priest," for which he made an acknowledgment to New Garden Monthly Meeting, 3, 30, 1754, but the maiden name of his wife, Hannah, does not appear. They lived in East Marlborough, and their son William married, about 1781, Mary Beverly, of that township, by whom he had a large family of children. JONATHAN GAUSE was a veteran teacher, who for more than half a century impressed a lasting influence upon hundreds of the best young men and women of Chester County. He was born Oct. 23, 1786, in East Marlborough township, on a farm adjoining that of the late Bayard Taylor, and now owned by his nephews, F. and W. H. Hannum, one mile north of Kennet Square. He was the third son of William and Mary Gause, and one of a family of eleven children, six boys and five girls, the former averaging six feet in height. His father, a brave soldier of the Revolutionary war, was of that hardy race, the Scotch-Irish, while his mother was of English origin, both of whom lived to the good old age of fourscore. Jonathan Gause's early education was obtained at a common country school, and he was intended by his father for a mechanic therefore, when it was thought he had enough book-learning for such a business, he was apprenticed to a master-mason, and worked at that trade two summers. But now an accident occurred which not only changed his vocation, but shaped and colored his whole future. One day he was helping his father in the harvest-field, when a sudden storm arose. He hurried to the barn, threw himself, wet and tired, upon the new-mown hay, where he soon fell asleep, and did not wake until some time in the night, when he was aroused by a severe pain in one limb. He suffered greatly for some weeks, and when he arose from a sick-bed it was found that his leg had shrunk, and he would probably be lame for life. Ile did not, like Byron, turn misanthrope, but his natural intuitions asserted themselves, and he became .a teacher. He now entered as a pupil the boarding-school of Enoch Lewis, in New Garden, where he obtained an excellent knowledge of English grammar, and made considerable acquaintance with the common branches of mathematical science, embracing the elements of geometry, algebra, surveying, mensuration, plane and spherical trigonometry, and the principles of practical astronomy. His first essay in teaching was in 1807, in a little school-house which now stands in the Friends' meeting-house yard at Marshallton. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 563 He was married, 9th mo. 13, 1810 (while teaching at Marshallton), to Ann, daughter of Robert and Mary Ingram, of West Bradford. In 1813 the West Chester Academy was completed, and Jonathan Gause solicited to take charge of it. He accepted this important post, and opened the academy October 18th of that year. While here he bought from his father-in-law a farm on the Brandywine, about one mile from Marshallton, afterwards known as Greenwood Dell Boarding-School. The West Chester Academy flourished so well under Mr. Gause's charge that the trustees thought he was making too much ; they wished to revoke their bargain and make another and a closer one ; but to this Mr. Gause would not submit, and he went to Greenwood Dell. He was, perhaps, about a year on the farm at this time, but his successor not succeeding, the trustees found they had made a mistake in permitting Mr. Gause to leave. They accordingly came to him and offered him his price. He again took charge of the academy ; again it flourished and became the most celebrated in Eastern Pennsylvania. In April, 1829, he left the academy and opened a select school in West Chester, which he taught until 1832, when he returned to Greenwood Dell and opened a school there. This school became very popular, and he continued it until 1839. He was now offered the principalship of the Unionville Academy, at Unionville, which he accepted, and entered upon his duties in that year (1839). Here he had a splendid school, employing one or two assistants. In 1847 he again returned to his Brandywine home at Greenwood Dell, and took with him a thriving school. There he continued until 1865, having taught school fifty-eight years. He now retired forever from a profession which he had loved, adorned, and elevated, and which had yielded him a good living and a handsome fortune. After his removal from West Chester to West Bradford he lost his first wife, and after a few years of widowerhood he married a daughter—Eliza A.—of Dr. Abraham and Rachel Baily, of West Bradford. His only daughter by his first marriage was married in September, 1827, to Matthias Pennypacker, a highly-respected member of the Chester County bar. By his second wife he had a son,— Emmor Eugene,—born in 1838, and who died 2d mo. 8, 1862, aged twenty-four years. This venerable teacher spent the last eight years of his life with his widowed daughter, Mary I. Pennypacker, and his grandson, Thomas Pennypacker, on a beautiful farm on the Brandywine, where he died April 9, 1873, nearly eighty-seven years of age, but in the full possession of his faculties, and with a Christian trust in the blessed promise of a loving Saviour. Among those of his pupils in Chester County we may mention the names of Bayard Taylor, Judge J. Smith Futhey, Hon. Washington Townsend, Hon. John Hickman, Dr. Franklin Taylor, U. V. Pennypacker, Esq., John Rutter, Esq., R. E. Monaghan, Esq., Joseph Hemphill, Esq., Dr. Wilmer Worthington, W. W. Jefferis, Henry Sharpies, Torbert Ingram, Hon. James B. Everhart, Henry Fleming, Alfred Sharpies, William P. Townsend, J. Lacey Darlington, and others, who received from him the stepping-stone to their subsequent learned and professional stations in public and private life. Jonathan Gause was a born teacher, and had that happy combination of intellectual faculties which enabled him to teach clearly and impressively whatever lie undertook. He was a good talker, and for many years of his life was an acceptable minister among Friends. His judgment was good, and his memory excellent. He had ever been a great reader, and had treasured up a fund of knowledge, which he delighted to impart to young or old, and he seemed to enjoy nothing more than to teach others. His methods in school were ingenious and often strikingly original. He frequently held what he called a " grammar congress," in which the pupils were called upon to give their opinions in regard to forming a new language, and to point out what words are the most important in our intercourse with each other. Under him the dull boy became, by the inspiration of his influence, alert and often bright in some particular departments of study; the timid, shrinking, sensitive pupil grew hopeful, reliant., and often aggressive ; the boisterous, careless, and indifferent became inspired with high resolves to attain a worthy manhood. As a disciplinarian he was peculiarly felicitous ; there were no arbitrary rules promulgated ; every pupil became a member of his family, an object of his parental care. Many poor young men were by him trusted for board and tuition until they could acquire an education or go into business and pay him. He was one of the first educators in our country who advocated the equal education of the sexes, and admitted both boys and girls into his school, and even men and women. His great love of man was intensified when applied to his pupils, and this county never had a teacher whose love and sympathy for his scholars was so great and perfect. Other teachers have rivaled him in intellectual attainments and qualifications, although his were excellent, but few or none have combined with them a body so strong, a temper so even, and a love so divine. GAWTHROP, THOMAS, born 1709, died 9, 29, 1780, married Isabel Crosfield, and lived in the county of Westmoreland, England. 'Whether they ever came to this country we are not informed, but their sons James and George made Chester County their home. George married, 12, 31, 1772, Jane, daughter of James and Jane Allen, of East Marlborough, and settled in Londongrove. Their daughter Hannah married Swithin Shortledge in 1799. Thomas, their son, married, 11, 13, 1800, Elizabeth Thompson, and had children,—Sarah, Ann, Daniel, Jane, Allen (now of Wilmington), Lydia, Elizabeth, and James. Jane married Daniel Thompson, and Elizabeth married Nicholas W. Taylor, both daughters of George and Jane. George, Jr., married, 1, 20, 1813, Amy Chambers, and his brother James married, 2, 18, 1808, Hannah Marshall, of West Bradford. GHEEN, JOSEPH, married Dec. 7, 1768, at Christ Church, Philadelphia, Elizabeth Ingram, and lived perhaps in Goshen. His children were Thomas, John, William, Joseph, Jonathan, and Levi. Thomas was three times married, his first wife being Alice, his second a Brinton, and the third Ann West, a widow. He had children,—William A., Levi A., Elizabeth (married David West), Martha, Sarah, and Mary Ann. John Gheen married two sisters. Sarah and Hannah 564 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Hicks, and had children,-Hannah, Elizabeth, Thomas, Edward, John, Enos, and Mary. Of these, Edward married Hannah Hickman, by whom he had one daughter, and by a second wife, Phebe Hickman, was the father of Francis H. Gheen, of West Chester, Lieut. Edward H. Gheen, U. S. navy, and of John J. Gheen, Esq., of the Chester County bar. Jonathan Gheen, born Aug. 13, 1777, died June 17, 1861, married Hannah Chamberlin, and left three children, -Amy, Susan, and John W. Levi Gheen, born March 3, 1783, died Dec. 12, 1839, married Mary Chamberlin, and resided in East Goshen, and had children,-Titus W., Jonathan, Palmer, Lydia (married John McCauley), Elizabeth, and Taylor. Our older citizens say that the name was formerly pronounced Gahagan, and in confirmation of this we find an advertisement which mentions Thomas Gahagan, in New Providence (now Montgomery County), in 1760. In 1768 the same person doubtless is named Thomas Gheen. GIBBONS, JOHN, the founder of one of the largest families of Chester County, was one of the earliest settlers under the proprietary. His name is found in Proud's " History of Pennsylvania," among the eminent persons of the Society of Friends who settled near Chester in 1681.* He migrated from Warminster, in Wiltshire, England, where his family resided, as appears by the church records, as early as the middle of the sixteenth century. He and his wife Margery were among the best-educated members of the society, and appear to have been in very comfortable circumstances. His name is found on the Holmes map as an original purchaser of two tracts from the proprietary, one in Thornbury and one in Bethel. He occupied the latter as soon as his improvements were completed, and became one of the largest land-owners of the county. He was one of the jurors impaneled for the trial of Margaret Mattson, on an indictment for witchcraft, which took place before William Penn and his Council, at Philadelphia, in February, 1683-4. There is a tradition in the family that he framed the compromise verdict which prevented a disagreement of the jury. They were hanging witches in old England and New England about that time, and the president of Harvard College was an active participant in that savage remedy for an imaginary crime. John and Margery both lost their membership in the Society of Friends. The latter became involved in the Keith controversy. She was a fearless and resolute woman, and in her public communications maintained the views of Keith, that the doctrines and discipline of the society were not sufficiently guarded against infidelity. For this she was disowned with many others. John survived his wife, and died on his Bethel plantation about the year 1721. They had two sons, John and James, the former of whom * William Coole, of Devizes, in Wiltshire, writing to his sister Sarah, widow of William Bezer, 12, 24, 1683, says, "I sent several letters by they ('when John Gibbens & Rob. Pile & Edward Beazer went) & A Box with butens & knives & other things. I hope they are Reed, because I saw yesterday 2 leters from Rob. Pile." William Bezer was still in 'Wiltshire, Oct. 7, 1682, so that it is likely John Gibbons and his companions did not arrive in Pennsylvania till the next year. married Sarah Howard, of Philadelphia, and died in 1706, leaving three children. He was disowned in 1702 for taking side with his mother, for standing up at the close of a meeting and charging John Lea to be no gospel minister, and for keeping on his hat at the time of prayer. In 1708, James married Ann, daughter of George Pearce, of Thornbury, an elder of the society. They removed to Westtown, and occupied the Westtown plantation of 600 acres, which the father of James conveyed to him by deed of gift on his marriage. lie was one of the representatives of Chester County in the General Assembly for three years, in 1717, '18, '19. His wife was recommended as a minister, 3, 3, 1731. They had three children,-Mary, b. 1709, married John Hannum ; James, b. in the winter of 171011 ; Joseph, b. 8, 24, 1712. James, the father, died in 1732, and in his will devised to his wife 100 acres of the homestead, and the remainder to his son James, together with 1200 acres in Nantmeal, 250 acres in another tract, and halt his share in the Goshen mill. To his son Joseph he gave 400 acres adjoining the homestead, 1000 acres on a branch of Conestoga, 250 acres of the land bought from James Harlan, and the other half share in the mill. Ann Gibbons, widow of James, married William Pita, of East Caln, 1, 13, 1733-4, and died in 1753. JAMES GIBBONS (2) married, 8, 10, 1734, Jane Sheward, a recommended minister in the Society of Friends. He was a valuable and highly-honored citizen, and was a representative in the General Assembly from Chester County for eight consecutive years,-from 1737 to 1744, inclusive. He died in 1745. His widow, a woman of rare mental endowments, survived him for more than half a century. She superintended the education of her children, a task for which she was fully competent, and which she most faithfully performed. Dr. William Darlington, who remembered her very well, used to speak of her as the queen of the county. Her style of dress, while in strict conformity with the simplicity of Friends, was peculiarly becoming to her tall and graceful person and native dignity of manner. After the battle of Brandywine all the live-stock of her farm was driven off for the use of the British army. She determined to recover, if possible, a favorite cow, to which she was much attached, and for that purpose made a personal application to Gen. Howe. He received her courteously, and she stated her case. " Madam," said the general, "may I ask your name ?" " My name," she said, "is Jane Gibbons." " Have you not a son in the rebel army ?" he inquired. " I have a son in George Washington's army," she answered. " I am afraid, madam," he replied, " that you love your cow better than, your king !" Without replying to the impeachment, she only said, " I bid thee farewell," and immediately retired. Her suit failed with Gen. Howe, but the cow escaped from the enemy, and found her way back to her kind mistress. This good lady died Jan. 12, 1798, at the age of ninety-six years. They left four children,-James (3), William, Jane, and Thomas. The children of John Gibbons (2) were John, Rebecca (who married John Garton, 2, 2,1725), and another, BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 565 who probably died young. John (3) married, 9, 18, 1724, Sarah Pennell, daughter of John, of Aston, and died leaving one child, Mary, who married Wentworth. The widow married, 11, 10, 1732, Joseph Pyle. The children of James and Jane (Sheward) Gibbons were James, b. 5, 18, 1736, d. 10, 17, 1823 ; William, b. 11, 4, 1737, d. 10, 30, 1803 ; Jane, b. 11, 14, 1740, m. John Peters ; Thomas, b. 11, 23,1742, d. 8, 27, 1823. Joseph Gibbons, son of James and Ann, married, 3, 23, 1734, Hannah Marshall, sister of Humphry Marshall, the botanist, born 9, 7, 1715. They resided on the 400 acres in Westtown given him by his father, where he died about the close of the Revolution. He was a very active man, both in church and state, and a member of Assembly for fifteen consecutive years, 1748-63. His children were,- 1. James, m. 5, 6, 1756, Deborah Hoopes, daughter of Daniel and Alice, of (now) West Chester, and settled on part of his father's land in Lancaster County. His son Daniel, who married Hannah Wierman, was the father of Dr. Joseph Gibbons, of Enterprise. The latter m. Phebe, daughter of Thomas Earle, a prominent anti-slavery leader, and their daughter, Marianna Gibbons, edits The Journal, in which she is assisted by her father. Phebe (Earle) Gibbons is the author of " Pennsylvania Dutch," and other essays, etc. 2. John, m. Martha Griffith, and resided in Philadelphia. 3. Joseph, m. 5, 9, 1759, Margery Hannum, of Concord, by whom he had thirteen children. They resided and for many years kept tavern in Springfield township, and he represented Delaware County in the Assembly for two years, 1792-93. 4. Abraham, b. 7, 15, 1741, m. 4, 13, 1763, Lydia Garrett, daughter of William and Lydia, of Willistown ; second marriage, 5, 27, 1790, to Mary Canby, daughter of Oliver and Elizabeth, of Wilmington. He settled in Lancaster County, on part of his father's 1000 acres. His son Abraham, born 7, 8, 1791, died 10, 12, 1858, at or near West Chester. William Gibbons, the eldest son, born in 1764, married first Jane Massey, 1, 18, 1787, by whom he had a daughter, Massey, who married John J. Carpenter, and left a daughter, Salome J., afterwards wife of Thomas H. Burrowes, the champion of public education. Abraham Gibbons, of Coatesville, is a son of William by his second wife, Hannah (Pusey), a much-esteemed minister among Friends, who died 4, 2, 1868, in West Chester. 5. Mary, b. 2, 15, 1743, d. 4, 4, 1827, m. 7, 22, 1760, John Hill, son of William and Mary Hill, of Middletown. They had several children, of whom Sidney became the wife of Edward B. Temple, of Pennsbury. 6. Ann, m. 10, 23, 1765, Isaac Lloyd, of Darby. 7. Jacob, m. Jane Gibbons, daughter of James and Eleanor (Peters) Gibbons. 8. Hannah, m. 9, 24, 1778, Norris Jones, and finally removed to Philadelphia. 9. Rachel, m. 10, 29, 1777, John Hunt, of Darby. She died 2, 15, 1845; was the author of a book mentioned elsewhere. Her grandson, Dr. J. Gibbons Hunt, is a well-known microscopist of Philadelphia. JAMES GIBBONS (3), son of James and Jane, was educated chiefly in his father's house, by his parents ; was a diligent student, and became an accomplished scholar, linguist, and mathematician. He married Eleanor, daughter of William Peters, Dec. 1, 1.756. He inherited the West-town property from his father, and became by profession a farmer. He was for some time treasurer of Chester County, and was a representative of the county in the General Assembly for the three years immediately preceding the Declaration of Independence. A member of the Society of Friends, and a non-combatant, he retired from all public service at the outbreak of the Revolutionary' war, but in private pursuits he was a valuable and honored citizen. At his residence, on his plantation, he opened a private school for instruction in the French, Latin, and Greek languages, and several of the young men of the county, who afterwards became honorably distinguished, were among his pupils. When disputes arose among neighbors, they were generally referred to him for settlement, and in open quarrels he was the peacemaker of his township. His judgment and advice were rarely appealed from, even when they involved rights of property. His services as a surveyor were in frequent requisition, and many of the deeds and wills executed in Chester County were prepared by him. About the year 1780 he removed to Philadelphia, where he opened a classical school on Pine Street, below Second, which was largely attended. But he soon grew weary of city life, and returned to his ancestral home. He retained this property until 1795, when he sold it to the Yearly Meeting of Friends for the site of a boarding-school for the education and religious instruction of children of Friends. The cause of education was one in which he took a lively interest, and when the committee of the Yearly Meeting appointed to purchase a proper site for the school signified a preference for his property, he fixed in his own mind a price for it, which was much less than its actual value. His intention was to encourage the scheme by a donation, and he preferred to do it in that way. He imagined that the members of the committee would understand and appreciate his motives, in fixing the price of a parallelogram containing six hundred acres of land at the low rate of ten pounds per acre, Pennsylvania currency. But in this he was disappointed. The chairman of the committee was an Englishman, living in Philadelphia, a sharp, loquacious, and successful " man of business," who never lost an opportunity for a display of his business acumen. When James named to the committee the price which he proposed to accept for his plantation, the chairman, after a brief silence, remarked that the committee had been viewing another property in the county which he thought would suit them quite as well, and perhaps a little better on some accounts, which could be obtained on more reasonable terms ; " but," he added, " if thou wilt sell at nine pounds per acre, I would be willing to advise the committee to take thy land at that price." James was indignant. lie quickly replied, " Why, friends, you deal like jockeys ! If you are not content with my offer, our business is ended !" " Quite content ! quite content !" the other members of the committee at once responded. They were as much mortified by the suggestion of their chairman as James was incensed by it. The deed 566 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. was delivered on the 1st of April, 1795, but not until the committee had executed to him a covenant that the property should be used for the educational purposes for which he had sold it to the Yearly Meeting. There is little in the daily life of an unostentatious Christian countryman that can furnish material of much interest to those who are not of his own family, and yet the influence of such men is the silent power which, more than any other instrumentality, elevates the character of the society in which they live. No man of his time did more for his neighbors by the mere force of his excellent example than James Gibbons (3). Resolute, fearless, and self-sacrificing, no selfish considerations stood in his way if any good work called for the support of good men. One anecdote will illustrate his character in this respect. It was once the custom among the farmers of Chester County, while the work of the harvest was going on, to provide rum or spirits for the refreshment of the harvesters. The effect of this was bad in every respect ; for every man and boy asserted his right to his ration of rum ; and from this use of rum came profanity and quarrels, and habits of drinking that made drunkards. Mr. Gibbons determined to break loose from the custom, and announced that no rum should be used on his plantation. He had a large quantity of wheat to cut. In those days they used the sickle. He could find no reapers. No man would work for him without his customary rations of rum. All the wheat in the county had been gathered but that one field, in which Mr. Gibbons and his little boy were at work, making but a slight impression upon it. " What are you going to do with your wheat, friend Gibbons ?" inquired a young farmer who was riding by. " Oh," he answered, " my son and I will gather what we can, and the fowls and birds will take care of the rest." The next day the neighboring farmers invaded his place with their teams and rakes and sickles, and the crop was saved. There was no difficulty after that in excluding rum from the harvest-fields of Chester County. He was very well known among the people as a man of great learning. While the British army was yet in the county, after the battle of Brandywine, some officers were one day making themselves merry at a wayside inn where Mr. Gibbons frequently stopped, when passing, to water his team. They were criticising the ignorant country boors who were engaged in the rebellion against their king, and running the inn-keeper pretty severely, who happened at that moment to see Mr. Gibbons, at some distance, driving up the road. Turning to his guests with assumed indignation, he said, " I'll wager twenty pounds that the first farmer who drives past this house can speak more languages than the whole kit and crew of you put together !" " A bet !" they cried, and the money was staked. Soon after, Mr. Gibbons stopped, as usual, and one of the party, saluting him in French, was civilly answered in the same tongue. Another, in very bad Spanish, asked him if he was a Frenchman, and he answered, in very good Spanish, that he was born in Chester County, and had never been in France. There was a pause in the conversation, and, putting their heads together, a quotation was aimed at him from one of the Satires of Horace, and they found, to their amazement, that this plain-looking farmer was a good Latin scholar. By this time the farmer perceived that he was on trial, and he put them completely to rout by a volley of Greek, which none of them could understand. The happy inn-keeper won his bet, and the Chester County farmer went his way, little suspecting that this odd trial of tongues had cost the enemy twenty pounds. A well-educated officer in command of a foraging party from the British army entered the residence of Mr. Gibbons, and found him in his study. Saluting him rather familiarly, and looking at the shelves, well filled with books, he remarked, " You are a clergyman, I fancy ?" " No, I am not," was the reply. " A doctor, perhaps ?" " I am not a doctor." " Pray, then, what is your profession ?" " I am a Chester County farmer." The stranger meanwhile was thumbing over some of the books; and answered, " But these are not farmers' books !" " What dost thou know about them ?" Mr. Gibbons inquired. " Oh," replied the stranger, " they are old and familiar friends !" A long and very pleasant conversation ensued on the subject of education in England and America, and when the stranger rose to take his leave, he extended his hand and said, " This has been the most agreeable hour I have spent in your country. I did not expect to find classical scholars in the woods of America." The party retired from the farm leaving his property untouched. But it was thoroughly pillaged by others before the invaders left the county. A British officer having met with Mr. Gibbons after the battle of Brandywine, and surprised at his linguistic knowledge, expressed the opinion, in a letter written home to England, that it would be in vain to prolong a struggle with men who, owning the soil, themselves drew from it by the labor of their own hands an independent subsistence, whilst they cultivated literary pursuits and classic tastes. James died on his farm, in Birmingham township, on the 17th of October, 1823, in the eighty-seventh year of his age, surviving his wife about eighteen months, who died on the 30th of March, 1822, at the age of eighty-six years. They had twelve children,—six sons and as many daughters. Three of their sons survived their parents. COL. WILLIAm GIBBONS, son of James and Jane (Sheward) Gibbons, was born in the township of West-town in 1737, and in 1761 married Susanna, daughter of George and Jane Ashbridge, of Goshen. Settling at first in Philadelphia, he afterwards resided in Thornbury,-1766 to 1769,—and then removed to West Nantmeal, where he and his brother Thomas had inherited 1200 acres of land from their father. For a short time after the breaking out of the war he was located on the Susquehanna River, at or near the site of Harrisburg, but returned to Birmingham prior to 1783, in which year he was elected sheriff of Chester County as the successor to Col. John Gardner, his former neighbor in Nantmeal, giving Cols. John Hannum and Thomas Cheyney as his sureties. 'While he was in office the seat of justice in the county was removed from Chester to West Chester, and in September, 1786, it became his duty to remove the prisoners from the old jail at Chester to the new jail at the Turk's Head, in Goshen. In 1790, Col. Gibbons was a delegate from Chester County in the convention which framed the State consti- BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 567 tution of that year. In 1791 he was appointed by Governor Mifflin to succeed Caleb Davis as prothonotary and clerk of the courts of Chester County, where he approved himself an excellent officer during a period of nine years. He commanded a company of militia in the battle of Brandywine ; was a brave and daring soldier, and rose to the rank of colonel. During the war he sold a valuable farm, and refused to accept in payment anything but Continental money, on the ground that it was the money of his country, and what was good enough for his country was good enough for him. The money depreciated and became worthless. The purchaser afterwards proposed to make good the loss, but the gallant colonel peremptorily refused the generous offer. In 1794, when volunteers were called for to suppress the Whisky Rebellion in Western Pennsylvania, the old colonel, then in his fifty-seventh year, enlisted as a private in Capt. McClellan's company of volunteer cavalry ; went through the campaign, and at the close of it resumed his duties as prothonotary. He died on the 30th of October, 1803, aged about sixty-five years, leaving the character of a just, patriotic, and upright man. His patriotism will be well illustrated by the following letter to Col. John Gardner : " PAXTON, March 9, 1779. "FRIEND AND GOOD NEIGHBOR GARDNER,—There is that greedy, extorting disposition amongst us here, even of those who call themselves Whigs, and some Tories and Jew Whigs, that grain is very hard to be purchased; some denying that they have any to spare, others say that it is promised; some will not sell unless fur the rising price, until they call for their money. So that near home I cannot purchase grain for my family, and have not two weeks' bread for my house. Therefore I request you to get my grain threshed for me and keep it, only what you may need for your own use. And pray do me the favor to request my good neighbors, John and Jared Irwin, to keep what appertains to me. " I have offered Col. Grenawalts and other men of distinction what commissions they would please to charge to buy grain for me. They say they can do nothing in that way unless I can furnish hard money, of which I have none. I intend soon going to Lebanon, and getting Col. Grenawalts along with me, to go through that neighborhood, and if possible to purchase what grain may suffice my family until harvest; and if I am so happy as to succeed, shall then be willing to sell what grain I have with you. " I do not expect my wheat yielded well, but hope I have a considerable quantity of rye, which is good enough for me, and, I suppose, for any man that sets a right value on his liberty, if the fortune of war gives that turn to our affairs.. Sooner would I eat rye bread to my dying day than meanly surrender my liberty and sell posterity. With sincerity do I wish this may find you and all my former good neighbors in good health, and unanimous for the support of the American States. " I remain with sincere regard your friend, "WILLIAM GIBBONS." Among the Gardner papers is a receipt signed by William Gibbons, Oct. 29, 1783, in the prison at Chester, for a number of prisoners therein named. THOMAS GIBBONS, youngest son of James and Jane, married Mary Brinton, daughter of James and Mary Brinton, of Pennsbury, born 8, 5, 1750, died 1825. They resided in East Bradford, on the farm now of their grandson, William Gibbons. Their children were James, Joseph, William, Thomas, Jane, Ann, and Mary, all of whom died young or unmarried except James, a physician, and William. DR. WILLIAM GIBBONS, the youngest son of James Gibbons (3) and Eleanor, his wife, was born in Philadelphia, during the temporary residence of his parents in that city, on the 17th of August, 1781. His father's intentions respecting his education are expressed in a will written by himself, dated July 29, 1796, when William was about fifteen years old. After a bequest to him of a thousand pounds in gold and silver money, together with all his Greek, Latin, French, and mathematical books and surveying instruments, he adds,- " As I had intended myself to instruct my said son William in the rudiments of the Greek, Latin, and French languages, and also in mathematical learning, in order the better to qualify him for the practice of physic, to which I have in my own mind destined him, I now transcribe these thoughts in hope that my said son will have due regard to them, as a special token to him of his father's last wishes for his welfare." He then proceeds to make ample provision for his education accordingly. But, contrary to his apparent expectations, the testator lived twenty-seven years after the date of this will, and not only had the pleasure of carrying out his intentions successfully and making a good scholar of his son, but also of seeing him, while yet a young man, in the foremost rank of the profession which he had so judiciously chosen for him. On the 14th of May, 1806, he married Rebecca Donaldson, the youngest daughter of David Donaldson, of Wilmington, Del., a soldier of the Revolution, who entered the ranks as a volunteer. Dr. William Darlington, in his " Notae Cestrienses," gives the following sketch of the early career of Dr. Gibbons : "When William arrived at the appropriate age he began the study of medicine under the tuition of Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller, an expert Revolutionary surgeon, residing in the borough of West Chester. The latter portion of his medical pupilage was under the direction of Dr. John Vaughan, an estimable physician in Wilmington, Del. "At the Medical School of the University of Pennsylvania, in the winter of 1802-3, William Gibbons, William Baldwin, and the compiler of these Notes first met as classmates, and, finding themselves to be congenial spirits, soon contracted an intimate friendship of lifelong duration. At that period it was not usual for country lads engaged in the study of medicine to aspire to the Doctorate, or to persevere until they obtained that degree; but this trio, all from Chester County, discovering that, as far as they could ascertain, no student of the county had been ambitious enough to acquire the title of M.D., they all resolved to obtain it, if practicable; and learning that one of the declared objects of the honor conferred upon successful candidates was, in the language of the diploma, ‘ut . . . a Literatorum vulgo secernerentur,' Gibbons jocosely declared that, so far as he was concerned, he was resolved to be one of those who would go for the seeernerentur I' In fact, all three of the friends united in the declaration, obtained the degree, and were among the earliest from the county so to aspire and to succeed.. Dr. Gibbons graduated in the spring of 1805, and the subject of his well-written inaugural thesis was Hypochondriasis.' "Having reached the goal of his student ambition, he returned for a season of relaxation to the home of his parents, who then resided near the ancient village of Dilworthstown, in the county of Chester. Here he remained until the summer of 1806, when he purchased a farm in Kennet township, near the southern border of Chester County. " On this beautiful property he became an amateur agriculturist and practicing physician, until the ensuing spring of 1807, when the death of the lamented Dr. Vaughan created a medical vacancy in Wilmington, which several young physicians attempted to fill, but which was eventually occupied by Dr. Gibbons, who, on the invitation of friends, removed to Wilmington, where he continued during 568 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. the remainder of his life, in the acceptable exercise of his arduous profession. In this position the doctor settled down to the business of his calling, and was speedily recognized as among the most eminent and reliable members of the faculty. His active mind soon engaged him in scientific research, philological studies, and the acquisition of languages, among which was the Hebrew tongue, wherein he obtained to a remarkable proficiency. He had also a decided taste for the natural sciences, became especially fond of the culture of ornamental plants and choice fruit-trees, and was among the earliest in promoting associated efforts for the extension of those interesting departments of knowledge, one of which was the establishment of the 'Delaware Academy of Natural Science,' of which he was presiding officer." About the year 1821 the Rev. E. W. Gilbert, a young and very able minister of the Presbyterian persuasion, was called to one of the churches of that denomination in Wilmington. His knowledge of Friends and their doctrines and discipline was rather limited, and he was quite surprised to find them so numerous and influential in that place. He conceived it to be his duty to convince them that their notions on the subject of religion were erroneous and heretical. As lie could not reach them from the pulpit, he undertook the task with his pen through the public press, and commenced a series of letters addressed to " The Society of Friends," which he published in the Christian Repository over the signature of " Paul." His third letter elicited a reply from " Amiens," who took up the cause of the Friends, and the controversy continued for two years. It commenced in what seemed to be a kindly and charitable spirit ; it ended, as all such controversies do, in a spirit of enmity which separated the disputants wider than ever, each being fully convinced that the other was hopelessly blind to the truth. After the close of this correspondence, Dr. Gibbons (who was erroneously supposed to be " Amiens") assumed the vindication of the doctrines of Friends in a series of letters addressed to the Presbyterians over the signature of " Vindex," which established his reputation as one of the most able and vigorous writers of the day. Mr. Gilbert and his congregation, which was a large one, became very much embittered in their feelings towards Dr. Gibbons particularly and the Quakers generally, and there was very little social intercourse between the two sects. This unhappy condition continued for several years, but was at last providentially terminated by a touching incident. Dr. Gilbert, then one of the most distinguished ministers of the church, was taken ill, and continued to grow worse and worse, until his life was despaired of. The attending physician desired a consultation, and asked that Dr. Gibbons should be called to the ease for that purpose. The family consented. He answered the call promptly, and on reaching the residence of the dying man, found the rooms crowded by sad and weeping members of his congregation waiting to hear the last words of their beloved pastor. They left the house reluctantly by the doctor's very earnest request. The consultation was held. The treatment was changed. The patient lay for hours in the very arms of death, the Quaker doctor watching by his side, hoping and praying that a life so useful, which had not reached its full maturity, might yet be saved. Feebly the pulse moved. Faintly the breath told that it was yet lingering in the wasted frame, and the good physician hoped on. There they were, side by side, the earnest antagonists in that polemic strife which had alienated families and brought no soul to God, the one almost unconsciously awaiting the final summons, and the other exhausting his professional skill to avert it, with a hopeful and hearty appeal to the Supreme Physician to perfect his remedies. Presently the pulse quickened and grew stronger and stronger ; the patient felt a fresh throb of life ; his eyes opened and fell upon the face of a benefactor beaming with pleasure and cheerfulness and praise, and " Paul" and " Vindex" were ever after lifelong friends. The pen of Dr. Gibbons was afterwards the efficient weapon against a band of social reformers, led by Robert Dale Owen and Fanny Wright D'Arusmont, a woman of remarkable force and persuasive eloquence. They were the editors of a periodical published in the city of New York, called The Free Inquirer, which had a large circulation in the Middle States and in Ohio. It not only disseminated infidel and atheistic doctrines, but assailed the sanctity of the marriage contract, and advocated the right of the husband or the wife to dissolve it at pleasure. Mrs. D'Arusmont, who was separated from her husband, lectured on these subjects in most of the principal cities and towns of the country, attracting large audiences, and scattering the poison broadcast wherever she went. For this purpose she visited Wilmington, and Dr. Gibbons was among those who denounced her mission publicly, and did what they could to defeat it. This led to an attack upon him in the columns of The Free Inquirer, to which he replied in a pamphlet entitled " Exposition of Modern Skepticism." It was published first in Wilmington, and was reprinted in New York and Cincinnati, and extensively circulated and read wherever the infidels had obtained a foothold. The object was to awaken a righteous indignation in the public mind against them and their immoral teachings, and their assaults upon the Christian religion ; and this was so successfully achieved that they could not obtain a respectable audience in Wilmington after its publication, and the seed they had sown there never took root. Dr. Gilbert received a copy of it from the author, his old antagonist but now his personal friend, and did him 'the honor to read it from his pulpit to his congregation. For this valuable service to the cause of Christianity and public morals, Dr. Gibbons received many letters of thanks and congratulation from ministers and others of various religious denominations in different parts of the country. He took an active interest in promoting the education of the African race, and was one of the founders and managers of a school in Wilmington for colored children, which was in successful operation for many years. This being the intermedial town between the North and the South, it offered peculiar facilities for the kidnapping of free people of color. Dr. Gibbons was an active member of a society organized for their protection, which saved and rescued many of them from the slave-markets of Baltimore. He was also the president of the first State Temperance Society of Delaware. lie was never idle. His residence, a short distance from the improved parts of the town, embraced several acres of laud, chiefly occupied by ornamental and fruit-trees of many varieties, the latter all of his own raising and grafted with his own hands. In the mansion which he BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 569 built here soon after his marriage he and his noble wife raised a family of thirteen children, all of whom witnessed the death of their honored father on the 25th of July, 1845, in the sixty-fourth year of his age. His widow survived him nearly a quarter of a century, and died on the 30th of January, 1869, at the age of eighty-three years. Eleven of her children were living at the time of her death. Rebecca Gibbons was the founder of the original House of Industry, now known as " The Home for Aged Women," in Wilmington, to which she gave constant encouragement and support. At her death the board of managers passed appropriate resolutions expressive of their high regard for her valuable services and sorrow for her loss. Among the children of William and Rebecca Gibbons are Hon. Charles Gibbons, of Philadelphia, and Elizabeth, wife of Hon. Washington Townsend, of Wrest Chester. John Gibbons, son of James and Eleanor, married, 10, 15, 1801, Sarah, daughter of Joseph and Ann Cope, of East Bradford, and was the first steward of the county almshouse ; afterwards residing at New London Cross-roads, and in Cecil Co., Md., for a few years, they removed finally to Tompkins Co., N. Y., where he died in 1847, leaving several children. Eleanor Gibbons, his sister, married John Parry, and was the mother of Gibbons Parry, now of Florida, Ohio. LIEUTENANT WILLIAM GIBBONS, a son of the second Joseph, was one of the young men of Chester County who was honorably distinguished in the war for independence. He belonged to the Sixth Pennsylvania Regiment, and was selected by Gen. Wayne to lead a forlorn hope of twenty men in the most brilliant and daring exploit of the war,—the capture of the enemy's fortress on the Hudson River, at Stony Point. The approaches to he enemy's works were obstructed first by a deep morass, and then by double rows of abatis in front and flank. It was the duty of Gibbons to cross this morass with his men, remove the abatis and other obstructions, and thus open the way for the assaulting party, consisting of one hundred and fifty volunteers, with unloaded muskets and fixed bayonets, constituting the van of the right column. A like duty was assigned to Lieut. Knox, of the Ninth Pennsylvania Regiment, with twenty men, who preceded the van of the left. The order for the assault was given at midnight on the 15th of July, 1779, with specific and pointed orders that there was to be no firing on the enemy, but that the whole dependence of the assaulting columns was to be placed on the bayonet alone. Gibbons moved across the morass with his twenty men. A terrific and incessant fire of musketry and grape-shot was opened from the fortress on the advancing heroes. Not a shot was returned. Encouraged by the resolute lieutenant, not a man flinched from his duty. Seventeen of the twenty fell, killed or wounded, but Gibbons accomplished his work, and the assaulting column, following him, forced its way by the bayonet alone through the fire and into the fortress, and in the very centre of the works met the van of the left, which had been equally successful. The garrison surrendered at discretion. Gen. Wayne's official report of the capture of Stony Point may be found in the 8th volume of The Remembrancer, p. 368, etc., and also the resolutions of thanks passed by Congress - 72 - on the 26th of July, 1779, for what they distinguish as " a glorious enterprise." Among the resolutions is the following : " Resolved, That Congress warmly approve and applaud the cool determined spirit With which Lieut. Gibbons and Lieut. Knox led on the forlorn hope, braving danger and death in the cause of their country." A sword was presented to each of them by Congress, with a brevet of captain. Lieut. Gibbons was afterwards promoted to the rank of major, continued in the service till the end of the war, and returned to private life deeply marked by honorable scars. He removed to Virginia, and was appointed by President Washington, United States collector of the port of Richmond. He was a warm Federalist, and when Jefferson was elected to the Presidency he was urged to remove Gibbons from the office, under the pretext that he had entertained at his house the friends of Aaron Burr during his trial. On being strongly pressed, Mr. Jefferson jocularly but peremptorily replied, " Remove the major ! I would sooner divide my last hoe-cake with him !" (Randall's " Life of Jefferson," vol. iii. p. 218.) The major died unmarried. There seems to be no record of the date of his death. John Hannum Gibbons, the eldest son of the second Joseph, dropped the final letter of his family name, and died in 1795, leaving one son, John Heysham Gibbon, who married Catharine Lardner, of Holmesburg, Pa. He was for many years assayer of the United States Mint in North Carolina, and died in Baltimore in 1869, leaving ten children. Gen. John Gibbon, United States army, who commanded a division during the war of the Rebellion, and was wounded at Gettysburg while in command of Hancock's corps, is one of his sons. JAMES GIBBONS, eldest son of Thomas and Mary Gibbons, was born about the year 1776. He received a good ordinary English education at John Forsythe's school at Birmingham Meeting-house, and paid some attention to the Latin language under the tuition of his uncle, James Gibbons. About the year 1799 he commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Jacob Ehrenzeller, of West Chester, and attended a course of lectures at the University of Pennsylvania. He practiced medicine about two years in Wrest Chester and vicinity, as a successor of Dr. Ehrenzeller, having purchased the residence of Dr. Ehrenzeller, in West Chester, in 1803, when that physician retired to his farm in West Goshen. His failing health induced him to retire from practice. In 1805 he sold his residence to his brother-in-law, Dr. Moses Peirce, and after a lingering illness died Jan. 13, 1808. Dr. Gibbons, in the year 1802, married Sarah, daughter of Caleb and Hannah Peirce, and a grandniece of Humphry Marshall. He left one child, a daughter, Hannah, who became the wife of Hon. John Edwards, and was considered one of the best-educated women of her day. William Gibbons, a brother of Dr. James Gibbons, married, Dec. 27, 1827, Sarah Ann Brinton, daughter of Caleb Hill and Hannah (Bowen) Brinton. She afterwards became the wife of Marshall B. Hickman, and died Aug. 18, 1872. William died Oct. 18, 1832, aged fifty-four years. He was remarkably even-tempered, a good neighbor, and kind to the poor, of whom it is said one hundred came to take a last look at their friend when he died. 570 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. GILPIN, JOSEPH, of Dorchester, in the county of Oxford, weaver, son of Thomas Gilpin, of Warborough, in the same county, tallow-chandler, and Joan, his wife, was married, 12, 20, 1691, to Hannah, daughter of and Alice Glover, of the county of Southampton. They came to Pennsylvania in 1695, and settled on a tract of land in Birmingham township, in Chester (now Delaware) County, which had been given to his wife by an uncle as a marriage present. Their first dwelling was a cave on the side of a hill, such as was frequently used by the early settlers until better structures could be provided. Its exact site can yet be pointed out on the farm late the property of John D. Gilpin, about one mile south of Dilworthstown. Some years thereafter he erected a frame dwelling-house on the site of the present residence of Elias Baker, a short distance west of the cave-dwelling, to which he removed, and where he resided during the remainder of his life. He died in the year 1739, at the age of seventy-five years, leaving to survive him fifteen children and forty-five grandchildren. The names and births of his children were as follows : 1. Hannah, b. 12, 15, 1692 ; m. William Seal. 2. Samuel, b. 4, 7, 1794 ; m. Jane Parker. 3. Rachel, b. 12, 12, 1695 ; m. Joshua Peirce. 4. Ruth, b. 6, 28, 1697 ; m. Joseph Mendenhall. 5. Lydia, b. 11, 11, 1698 ; m. William Dean. 6. Thomas, b. 5, 23, 1700 ; m. Rebecca Mendenhall. 7. Ann, b. 5, 11, 1702 ; m. Joseph Miller. 8. Joseph, b. 1, 21, 1703 ; m. Mary Caldwell. 9. Sarah, b. 4, 2, 1706 ; m. Peter Cook. 10. George, b. 2, 16, 1708 ; m. Ruth Caldwell. 11. Isaac, b. 1, 23, 1709 ; m. Mary Painter. 12. Moses, b. 1, 8, 1711 ; m. Ann Buffington. 13. Alice, b. 10, 7, 1714 ; m. Richard Eavenson. 14. Mary, b. 11, 16, 1716 ; m. Philip-Taylor. 15. Esther, b. 1, 9, 1718 ; m. Samuel Painter. The ancestry of this family can be traced in a direct line to Richard De Guylpin, who in the year 1206, during the reign of King John, became the owner of the manor of Kentmere, which was bestowed upon him by the baron of Kendal for deeds of prowess, and, as the name indicates, are of Norman extraction. Thomas Gilpin (the son of Samuel) was born in the year 1728, on the property where his grandfather had settled. Soon after arriving at age he became the owner of property on the Brandywine, near to Wilmington, where he erected and established extensive mills. In 1752 he visited England for the purpose of obtaining information in regard to its trade with the colonies, which might be useful to him in his future business relations. In 1764 he married a daughter of Joshua Fisher, then a wealthy and leading Quaker merchant in Philadelphia, which led to his settlement in that city, and his engaging in business. He possessed a decided taste for scientific pursuits, and devoted much of his leisure to its cultivation. He was one of the original members of the American Philosophical Society, and was very active in investigations which might be useful to his fellow-men. The information which he acquired he freely imparted by correspondence, in papers contributed to the Philosophical Society, and articles published in the journals of the day. While thus devoting the quiet tenor of his life to his business pursuits, and to acquiring and imparting useful information, and (in accordance with his Quaker principles) taking no part in the struggle which was going on between the colonies and the mother-country, he was, on Sept. 2, 1777, arrested at his place of business in Philadelphia, and placed in confinement, and subsequently, as already observed, exiled to Virginia, where he died March 2, 1778, just six months after his arrest. His constitution was not robust, and the hardships he suffered probably hastened his death. He was a man of very superior mind, and possessed a character which should have shielded him from the unjust treatment which he received in his last days. His high sense of justice is shown in the fact that the evening before his death, a rough draft of his will being brought to him, in which it was said that " he, with a number of others, had been unjustly banished," he desired the expression to be erased, as it would seem to cast a reflection on the persons who had caused it. He had three brothers, all of whom favored the Revolutionary cause, and two of whom were officers in the American army. He left two sons, Joshua and Thomas Gilpin, both of whom rose to wealth and distinction. The sons of Joshua were Henry D. Gilpin, Esq., of Philadelphia, a prominent member of the bar ; Thomas W. Gilpin, who was many years consul at Belfast ; Richard A. Gilpin, formerly of Westtown township, Chester Co. ; and Governor William Gilpin, of Colorado, who served in the army of the United States during the Florida and Mexican Wars. The farm in Birmingham where the emigrant ancestor settled remained in the Gilpin family until within a few years. That part of it on which the cave-dwelling was situated is now owned by Alban Harvey, and that part whereon he erected the frame dwelling by Elias Baker. In the year 1754 a brick building was erected adjoining this frame one, which was occupied by Gen. Howe as his headquarters while the British army remained in the neighborhood, after the battle of Brandywine, in September, 1777. It then belonged to George Gilpin. This brick .building is still standing, and forms part of the present residence of Elias Baker. The old frame erected by the emigrant was removed about the year 1835, and the present stone addition built on its site. In tearing down the frame building, it was discovered that the outer walls had been filled, in its erection, with adobes, or sun-dried bricks. GOODWIN.-At Chester Monthly Meeting, 12, 28, 1708, " Thomas Gooding Produceth a Good Certificate for himself and family from Rudholt perticular meeting, hee being Ingaidged to y' Ship could not stay untill the monthly meeting." He is said to have come from the parish of Llandewi-Brefi, in Cardiganshire, and his family consisted of his wife, Elizabeth, and children,-Elizabeth, Mary, Sarah, and Thomas, with whom he settled in Edgmont township, on land since of Everett Passmore. His eldest son, John, remained in Wales, and resided at Esgairgoch, a village about eight miles from Llanidloes, in Montgomeryshire; was a minister among Friends, and he and his wife were well esteemed, having built a meeting-house and purchased the ground at their cost. John Goodwin died in 1763, aged about eighty-two years. Thomas Goodwin, the father, died about _____ , and his wife 9, 10, 1739, aged eighty-seven. BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 571 Of their children, Elizabeth married Peter Thomas in 1711, Mary married Thomas James in 1712, and Sarah married John Worrall in 1714. Mary and Sarah, as well as their brothers, were ministers, and in that capacity paid visits to Great Britain, and the latter died in Ireland while in that service. Thomas Goodwin, Jr., born in Wales, 1694, was married 9, 12, 1729, at Newtown Meeting, to Ann, daughter of Richard Jones, of Goshen, and in 1749 settled on 230 acres of land in what is now East Goshen, west of the General Greene tavern. He was a minister, and paid religious visits to New England, 1755, the " lower counties" and Maryland in 1758-59, and, beside other journeys to the neighboring provinces; he went, in 1763, to Great-Britain, whence he returned the next year. In 1768 he visited Friends in Ireland, and after his return was concerned in visiting such as held slaves, to dissuade them from the practice. He died 4, 16, 1775, and was buried on the 19th. at Goshen. The "children of Thomas and Ann were John, m. to Naomi Potter, 1759 ; Thomas, m. to Mary Hall, 1759 ; Richard, m. at Middletown Meeting, 12, 8, 1757, to Lydia, daughter of Abraham Potter, of Sussex County ; Jane, m. to Thomas Massey ; Isaac, unmarried ; Elizabeth, died young ; Sarah, m. to Jesse Williams. Thomas and Mary had children,-Elizabeth, Ezra, John, Susanna, George, Gideon, Jane, and Sarah. This family removed to Virginia in 1770, but returned to Chester County in 1777. Richard Goodwin, born 8, 18, 1735, succeeded his father at the homestead. Lydia, his wife, was born 9, 18, 1738, and died 1, 22, 1810. Their children were Elisha, who m. Lucy Williams ; Isaac, Enoch, and Mary, unmarried ; Naomi, m. to Francis Mechem ; Lydia, m. to Enos Williamson ; Sarah, unmarried ; and Thomas, b. 5, 21, 1778, who m. 1, 4, 1838, Phebe Miller, daughter of George and Mary Miller, of Upper Providence, Delaware Co. He died 7, 28, 1840, leaving an only child, Mary M., now the wife of Samuel R. Downing, and in whose possession the Goshen homestead remains. A view of the old homestead is given elsewhere, in connection with a picture of their present residence. GRIFFEN, JOHN.-The Griffen family, who were all members of the religious Society of Friends, had lived for five generations in the same house, one of the oldest in America, in the township of Mamaroneck, Westchester Co., N. Y., where John, son of John Griffen, was born in 1812. In less than a year after his birth his father died. As the property left was small, his mother became a schoolteacher, and in that capacity educated him until his fourteenth year, when he commenced attending a Friends' boarding-school at Nine Partners, Dutchess Co., N. Y. After finishing his education he entered the mercantile establishment of an uncle in the city of New York, and remained with him until his majority. He then engaged in business with another uncle. Afterwards he was .bookkeeper. In 1843 he came to Pennsylvania, and was employed as book-keeper in the iron-works and nail-factory of R. C. Nichols & Co., of Norristown. Here - he developed his talent for engineering and mechanical pursuits, which subsequently made him so celebrated as an engineer, inventor, and iron-master. He erected the iron-works of Moore & Hoover', of the same place, and while so engaged he conceived and successfully applied a novel method of using the waste heat from the heating- and puddling-furnaces for generating the steam necessary to run the engines. In this way the entire steam-power necessary was produced without the use of any other fuel, all of which was lost under the old system. By this invention a mill could be run as cheaply as by water, while it is a' decidedly better motor. While this idea had been before broached as a possibility, to him must fairly be ascribed the merit of being the first to successfully apply it. He was commissioned in 1847 to construct the works of Reeves, Abbott & Co., at Safe Harbor ; his duties were mainly of an executive character, and served to display his pre-eminent abilities. After the completion of the works he continued in their employ as superintendent until 1856, during which time he introduced the governor for controlling the speed of the steam-engines used in rolling iron,-a great desideratum, but theretofore considered to be impracticable ; and also machinery to run the carriage transporting the rails to the saws, instead of using hand-labor. His well-known invention for making wrought-iron cannon was also made here. Experiments were made to test the strength of these guns by the government; one of six hundred and twenty pounds (regulation weight nine hundred and eighty-eight pounds) was tried, which only burst after five hundred and sixty-eight discharges. The charges were gradually increased, the last three trials being with seven pounds of powder and thirteen balls, while the proof-charge for a bronze gun of the same calibre, but of nine hundred and eighty-eight pounds weight, is two pounds of powder, one wad, and one ball. Many hundreds of these guns, made by the Phoenix Iron Company and known as the " Griffen Gun," were used during the Rebellion. He went to Phoenixville from Safe Harbor in 1846, to take charge of the iron-works there, and remained until 1862. His next invention was for rolling the large wrought-iron beams used in buildings on the small rollers then in use, for which he obtained a patent in 1857, and which is now in successful operation. Thousands of tons of these beams are now made annually. For years he rolled the largest beams rolled in the world. He assigned all rights to this process, except that of employing it in any other mill with which he might be connected, to the Phoenix Iron Company. In 1862 he engaged to erect the Buffalo Union Iron-Works for a firm engaged in the general iron manufacture and in making iron beams. These works, though built in 1862, are now among the best in America. In 1867 he accepted the position of civil and mechanical engineer with the Phoenix Iron Company, and eighteen months later he was again placed in charge of the works at Phoenixville as general superintendent. In 1873 and 1874 he erected the new and large works for the company which are now in partial operation. They are equal to any in the world, though there are in Europe some larger. They cover nearly seven acres, and are exclusively used for the finishing of iron. They are the first mills in the world in 572 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA; which compound high- and low-pressure vertical engines were introduced as the motive-power for roll-trains. The general plan of the mill-building and machinery was his own arrangement. He was married in 1837 to Esther, daughter of Reuben Liggett, of New York, by whom he had five children, of whom only one survives. His first wife died in 1849 two years later he married her sister, by whom he had five children, four of whom are living. His eldest son, Robert, was a graduate of the Naval School, and was in the United States navy. He lost his life by yellow fever while in the service of his country. Mr. Griffen was elected burgess of Phoenixville in 1857. Subsequently he became a member of the school board. On his acceptance of the latter office he found the facilities offered for education very inefficient he went to work to remedy the defects, and in a short time was largely instrumental in the erection of the present fine school-houses. He designed and superintended their erection, and had the schools properly graded. He was unanimously re-elected as a school director, being the first person in the borough to receive that honor. He is one of the directors, of the Phoenix Iron Company (of which he is general superintendent), and is also a member of the firm of Clarke, Reeves & Co., the celebrated bridge-builders. He is a good draughtsman, and has designed many of the finest residences in and about Phoenixville. Mr. Griffen is a noble type of our free institutions, and illustrates the grand example of a poor boy rising by his genius and industry to distinction. GUNKLE, MICHAEL, about the beginning of the last decade of the last century, came from Philadelphia (where he was a mill burr-maker) to East Whiteland township. Here he purchased a thousand acres of land, cleared off the timber, put up many buildings, two grist-mills, a saw-mill, and made other valuable improvements. He married Catharine Miller, born at Millbaugh, in Lebanon County, where her father owned one of the oldest mills in the State, and once used as a fort for protecting the settlers from Indians. Catharine (Miller) Gunkle's paternal grandmother was a Miss Pechin, a Huguenot, who fled from France to escape persecutions, and married Martin Miller, an emigrant from Germany. Michael Gunkle left four sons,—John, Michael, William, and Daniel. His real estate was divided into three shares, Michael getting his proportion in other property. The Gunkle family is of German extraction, and Michael had two brothers, who settled in Ohio, from one of whom is descended ex-Congressman L. B. Gunkle, of Dayton, in that State. Michael Gunkle was a man of wonderful energy, an indomitable will, manifested great public spirit, and was highly esteemed. DANIEL GUNKLE was married, Oct. 29, 1822, to Sarah Kugler, born July 15, 1803. She was the daughter of John and Harriet Kugler, of Lower Merlon, Montgomery Co., granddaughter of Paul Kugler, and great-granddaughter of a German emigrant who settled in Eastern Pennsylvania in the early part of the last century. To Daniel and Sarah (Kugler) Gunkle were born nine children,—George W., Dr. William H. (dec'd), Harriet C. (died young), Eliza C. (m. John Dunwoody), Michael M., Harriet A. (m. Dr. Frank Rieser, of Berks County), John F., Victoria J. (in. Dr. John G. Thomas, of Delaware County), BIOGRAPHICAL AND GENEALOGICAL - 573 and Sarah S. Of the sons, George W. m. Louisa Watson, Dr. William H. m. Mary R. Ellmaker, and John F. m. A. Lizzie Davis. Daniel Gunkle died Dec. 3, 1879, and his surviving widow resides on the homestead with her unmarried son, Michael M. Mr. Gunkle was well educated, having attended, besides the common schools, the famous school of Rev. Mr. Grier, at Brandywine Manor. He was a member of the East Whiteland Presbyterian Church. Though a miller by trade, he made farming his general avocation. He was interested in all public improvements, and was universally respected in the community. GARDNER, FRANCIS (1), came from Coleraine, Ireland, in 1733, and settled at West Nantmeal, now Honey-brook township. He was a man of strong mind, sound sense, and determined will. His wife was a Wallace. They left five children,-Joseph, Andrew, John, Eleanor, and Francis, whose education was the best the country then afforded. (1) Joseph Gardner was born in 1752. He was very fond of study, read medicine, and was one of the first graduates of the University of Pennsylvania. He was very popular as a physician and much esteemed as a man, and his field of practice extended from Honeybrook to Oxford. He was not only physician, but referee in family jars and neighborhood disputes. He 'married Isabella, daughter of Robert Cochran and Janet (Boyd) Cochran. In the Revolution he was an active man among the patriots of the county, and raised two companies of troops for the service, which were sent into the flea He was a member of Assembly in the years 1776, 1777, and 1778, and was chosen a councilor in 1779. He was also a member of the Continental Congress in 1784 and 1785. He resided in West Caln township, from whence he removed in 1792 to Elkton, Md., at the solicitation of an old friend, who was giving up a large medical practice at that place. He died in 1794, at the age of forty-two years, and his wife in the same year, at the age of forty. They were buried at the church at Head of Christina, Del. (2) Andrew Gardner was a man of fine appearance, great energy of character, and an iron constitution. In the Revolution he joined Morgan's riflemen and became one of the captains of that celebrated corps, and served throughout the war, retiring at its close with no possessions but his horse and equipments. He then settled near Pittsburgh, where he reared a large family. His descendants are numerous and scattered over the West. (3) John Gardner was a man of fine form and agreeable manners. He commanded a company of scouts in the Revolution, and was very daring, and many acts of bravery and feats of horsemanship were related of him by his. contemporaries long after the close of the war. He had two desperate encounters with the Doanes, one at the Warren tavern, and one at the Eagle, and he would frequently take his company long rides at night to break up meetings of Tories and outlaws. After the war, such was his popularity that he was unanimously elected sheriff of Chester County. At the expiration of his term of office he removed with his family to the South, and we have no further account of them. (4) Eleanor Gardner married Nathaniel Porter and removed to Washington County in its early settlement.' Their descendants are now among its leading men. (5) Francis Gardner was too young in Revolutionary days to engage in that contest. He married Violet Irwin and settled at McKeesport, Pa., where many of his descendants still reside. Dr. Joseph Gardner left three children,-Francis, Jane, and Robert Cochran. (1) Francis Gardner was born in 1774. He was a very precocious lad, a student from his childhood, and was a good Latin and Greek scholar at a very early age. He studied medicine, and graduated at the University of Pennsylvania. While his father remained in the county, he assisted him in his extensive practice, and afterwards continued on his own account. He was a member of a troop of horse that went to Western Pennsylvania to quell the Whisky Insurrection in 1794, when he was twenty years of age. He was subsequently a member of the Legislature two years. He was agreeable in his manners, was well read in literature, and one of the finest conversationalists of the day. He was very popular with all classes of people, and his advice was much sought after in their difficulties. His home was in Sadsbury (now Valley) township, where he died Jan. 20, 1815, aged forty-one years, and was buried at St. John's churchyard, near Compassville. (2) Jane Gardner, born in 1770, married John G. Parke, and died Oct. 14, 1832, leaving six sons, whose names are given in the account of the Parke family. She was a woman of pleasant manners and great decision of character. (3) Robert C. Gardner, born in 1781, became a seafaring man early in life. He was a captain in the merchant service, and made several voyages to Canton. He was at St. Domingo at the time of the massacre, escaped in an open boat, and was taken up by an American vessel lying outside. He subsequently returned to Pennsylvania in failing health and went to Bedford Springs, and died at Shippensburg on his return in 1808, and was buried there. Dr. Francis Gardner left five children,-two sons and three daughters. The sons were Joseph and Thomas H. Joseph became a physician, and is now deceased. Thomas H. resides in Oxford, and is now (1881) eighty-three years of age. GRIFFITH, BENONI, settled in Willistown, where he purchased 100 acres of land in 1716. He married Catharine, daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Owen, and died about 1760. His widow was living in 1785. Their children were Elizabeth, b. 7, 6, 1720, m. 10, 10, 1742, to Uriah White; Nathan, b. 7, 21, 1722, probably died young, and another Nathan, b. 3, 2, 1724 ; Hannah ; Sarah, m. 4, 26, 1746, to Rees Morgan John, m. 5, 20, 1762, to Jane Yarnall ; Ezekiel ; Rachel, m. 5, 11, 1757, to Joseph Randall. Nathan married Rachel Williamson, born 12th mo., 1727, died 2, 2, 1794. Nathan died 7, 9, 1790, and both were buried at Goshen. Their children were Hannah. b. 3, 30, 1750, m. Thomas Dring ; Mary, b. 10, 21, 1751, d. 2, 27, 1815, m. Isaac Hoopes ; Phebe, b. 11, 27, 1754, m. Sampson Barnett ; Abigail, b. 12, 21, 1755, m. Abiah Hoopes ; Jane, b. 10, 27, 1757, m. Ellis Davies ; Catharine, b. 11, 8, 1759, d. 11, 22, 1841, m. David Regester ; Rachel, b. 12, 30, 1761, m. Richard Abbott ; Lydia, b. 10, 18, 1763, m. Joseph Eldridge ; Abner, b. 3, 17, 1765, d. 10, 27, 1837, m. Phebe Griffith and Amy Garrett ; Susanna, b. 12, 21, 1766 ; Elizabeth, b. 9, 22, 1772, m. Mordecai Yarnall. 574 - HISTORY OF CHESTER COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. EVAN GRIFFITH, son of Howell Griffith, of Pembrokeshire, in Wales, embarked with his wife for America in 1704, but they were captured by the Spaniards and suffered harsh treatment. Being ransomed by the British government, they were sent to Charleston, S. C., whence they came to Pennsylvania, and settled in what is now Montgomery County, afterwards in HiMown, Bucks Co. By a second wife Evan had a son, Nathaniel, who married Elizabeth Davis. Nathaniel was buried June 17, 1790, and his widow died Jan. 30, 1802, aged eighty-six. Benjamin Griffith, son of Nathaniel, married Martha Lewis, and removed to the northern part of Chester County shortly before his mother's death, as it is thought she lived with him, and was buried at Brandywine Manor Church. Benjamin died in Honeybrook, May 15, 1804, aged fifty-one, and his widow April 21, 1834, aged about seventy-eight. Their children were Elizabeth, b. 1779, died when about eighteen ; Abel, b. 1781 ; Abner, b. 1784 ; Nathan, b. 1786 ; Amos, b. 1789, and still living ; Benjamin, b. 1792, d. unmarried, a physician. Dr. Benjamin Griffith was twelve years of age when his father died, and for the next two years lived with his brother Abner. In May, 1806, he was placed under the care Of John F. Grier to learn the Latin and Greek languages, at which he spent a little over two years. In September, 1808, he entered upon the study of medicine under Dr. William B. Duffield, of Strasburg, where he continued until October, 1810. He next went to Philadelphia, and attended lectures by Drs. Rush, Physick, James, and Chapman, and on April 1, 1811, moved to John Moore's, in West Nantmeal, and commenced to practice medicine. In the winter of 1816-17 he returned to Philadelphia, and attended lectures by Drs. Chapman, Physick, Coxe, Wistar, and James, after which he resumed his practice at his former location. Beside a careful attention to the duties of his profession, he was much interested in all public measures, and his pee-was often engaged in the advocacy of improvement and reform. This led to his being elected to the State Legislature in 1830, '31, and '32, where he appears to have discharged himself of the trust to the satisfaction of his constituents. DR. JOSEPH GRIFFITH was the second Son of Jonathan and Sarah Griffith, respectable members of the Society of Friends. He was born in Richland township, Bucks Co., Pa., Aug. 29, 1790. While in his minority he had no other educational advantages than the limited ones afforded by the common schools of the vicinity. He at first engaged in agriculture, but soon after turned his attention to study, and under the care of a competent teacher in his vicinity qualified himself for the profession of teaching, which vocation he pursued until the spring of 1815, when he commenced the study of medicine in Charlestown village, Chester Co., under the direction of the late Dr. Samuel Nixon. He was a zealous and successful student, and after attending two courses of lectures in the University of Pennsylvania he commenced the practice of medicine near Lionville, Uwchlan township, Chester Co. Two years after, he resigned his practice to his cousin, Dr. Ellis Lewis, whose pupil he became. He remained with Dr. Lewis a year, after which he attended a third course of lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, and received the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the spring of 1821. His inaugural thesis was upon dysentery, a disease which prevailed extensively in his neighborhood, and in the management of which he was eminently successful. After obtaining his degree he located at Kimberton, Chester Co., where he soon gained an extensive practice, in which he incessantly labored until the time of his decease, a period of twenty-eight years. In December, 1832, he was married to Miss Dorothy Whiteside, an English lady, who, with six children,-four sons and two daughters,-still (1850) survive him. In practice Dr. Griffith's preference was for surgery and obstetrics, in which departments he was particularly successful. In his intercourse with the sick he was kind and sympathizing, and in an eminent degree secured the confidence and respect of the whole community in which he moved. Towards the poor he was never exacting, on the contrary, his liberality often rendered him a prey to the dishonest and unprincipled. In his intercourse with his professional brethren he was courteous and honorable, strictly observing all the requirements of professional etiquette. Among all classes he was held in the highest esteem, and deep sorrow pervaded the community in which he lived upon the announcement of his sudden death, which occurred on the 10th of August, 1849, of epidemic cholera.-(Medical Reporter, vol. iii. p. 121). The name of Griffith is Welsh, and there are many families bearing it who are in no way related, so far as known. GRONOW. LEWIS, was one of the early and stanch collaborators of those Chester County patriots who assisted to put the ball in motion which resulted'in the independence of these United States. He was one of the county committee which assumed the local government in December, 1774, under the auspices of the Continental Congress ; and on March 20, 1775, that committee met at the house of Richard Cheyney, in East Caln, and on motion, " Ordered, That Mr. Hockley, Mr. Johnston, Mr. Gronow, Mr. Lloyd, Mr. Frazer, Mr. Moore, and Mr. Taylor be a committee to essay a draught of a petition to present to the General Assembly of this province, with regard to the manumission of slaves, especially relating to the freedom of infants hereafter born of black women, within this colony." In 1777, Mr. Gronow was elected a member of the General Assembly for Chester County. He was also a sub-lieutenant of the county,-one of the officers having charge of the military organization of the same. On June 17, 1777, an order was drawn in favor of Lewis Gronow, Esq., sublieutenant of Chester County, for $4000, for the purpose of procuring substitutes, blankets, etc. And again, March 30, 1780, Col. Robert Smith was appointed lieutenant, and Col. Thomas Cheyney, Lewis Gronow, Andrew Boyd, Thomas Levis, and Robert Wilson were appointed sub-lieutenants of the county of Chester. Lewis Gronow, it is believed, died soon after this, and his personal history, like that of many other good patriots of those days, seems to be nearly lost ; but his memory remains in our archives as that of a faithful servant in his country's cause.