BIOGRAPHICAL. ROBERT JOHNSON. Robert Johnson was born in Springfield township, Clark county, Ohio, January 20, 1832, a son of James and Helen (Johnston) Johnson. The father was born near Pettigo, County Donegal, Ireland, of Scotch ancestry, and at that time the surname was spelled Johnston. He grew to maturity and was married in his native land. In 1824 he crossed the Atlantic to the United States, coming direct to Clark county, Ohio, where he purchased a farm of one hundred acres south of the city of Springfield. This he improved and made his home throughout his remaining days, his death occurring in 1872, while his wife passed away in 1869. They were members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Robert Johnson. the fifth in order of birth of their eight children, was educated in the district schools near his home, and on the 21st of April. 1849, removed to Springfield, where he became an apprentice to the carpenter's and joiner's trade, receiving forty dollars and board. for his first year's service and sixty-two dollars for the second year's work. Before he attained his majority he laid off and built unaided a double flight of continued rail stairs, a thing which had not been previously done in Springfield. He, at that time, in partnership with his brother, James Johnson, took a contract for the erection of a house at a. cost of fifty-five hundred dollars. He followed contracting and building until 1865, when he went to the Pennsylvania oil fields, where the recent discovery of oil and the development of wells had given rise to a new industry which was proving a profitable one and was destined to play an important part in commerce. For two years Mr. Johnson successfully continued in business there, operating under the firm name of Law, Johnson & Company, and then disposing of his oil interests in 1867. he returned to Springfield, where in September of that year he joined Amos Whiteley, W. W. Wilson, J. W. Taylor, Walter Craig, William H. Oglevee and others in the organization of the Champion Machine Company, which was formed for extending the business of the manufacture of Champion reapers and mowers that were then being made by the firm of Whitely, Fassler & Kelly. The first board of directors of the new company was composed of Amos Whiteley, \V. W. Wilson, Robert Johnson. Walter Craig, Thomas McKee, O. S. Kelly and William H. Oglevee. Mr. Johnson was elected secretary and superin- 12 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tendent and acted in those capacities for fifteen years. In 1873 the Champion Malleable Iron Company was formed for the manufacture of malleable iron for the three concerns—the Champion Machine Company. Whiteley, Fassler & Kelly and Wardner, Mitchell & Company, and of the new company Mr. Johnson became a director and the secretary. Its shops were built east of Linden avenue and the business instituted on a successful basis. In 1874 the three concerns named above organized the Bar & Knife Company for the purpose of manufacturing cutter bars, knives and sections and continued to do a. very extensive business until 1884, Mr. Johnson also acting as the secretary and as a director of that company, which built the factory now owned and operated by the Foos Gas Engine Company.: In 1881 he disposed of his interests in the Champion Machine Company. the Champion Malleable Iron Company and the Champion Bar & Knife Company and in 1882 he became connected- with the upbuilding of the city in another direction, for in that year he erected a block on Main street opposite the First Presbyterian church, still known as the Johnson block. In 1883 he acquired an interest in the manufacturing concern of Mast, Foos & Company, of which he was chosen vice-president, acting in that capacity for fourteen years. On the 1st of November, 1883. Mr. Johnson was instrumental in inaugurating a business which has proven of the greatest benefit to the city as well as the individual stockholder, contributing greatly to the industrial activity and in consequence to the commercial prosperity of Springfield. Associated with E. L. Buchwalter, C. E. Patric, Richard H. Rodgers, Charles S. Kay and others, he bought out Thomas. "Ludlow & Rodgers and organized the Superior Drill Company for the purpose of extending the manufacture of Superior grain drills, which had already won favor and patronage on the market. The company was incorporated with a capital stock of two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and Mr. Johnson became the first vice president and has served continuously in this position. The first directors of the company were E. L. Buchwalter. Robert Johnson, C. E. Patric, Thomas F. McGrew and Charles S. Kay. The business vas extended until it outgrew the original quarters on Limestone street and in 1898 the original factory in which Mr. Johnson had been interested as a member of the Champion Machine Company, at the corner of Gallagher and Monroe streets, was purchased. and with the increased facilities the business was extended until it now employs five times the original capital and gives employment to about five hundred men, it being now the second in extent and importance of an\ manufactory of the city. In 1892 Mr. Johnson acquired an interest in the Hoppes Manufacturing- Company. a concern enjoying an excellent reputation for the character of its goods all over the country, and of this company Mr. Johnson is the vice president and director. He is also a stockholder and director in the Springfield Coal & Ice Company, which was the first company to manufacture artificial ice in this city. He is financially interested in the Foos Gas Engine Company, now occupying the old works of the Champion Bar & Knife Company, engaged in the manufacture of gas and gasoline engines. many of which have been shipped to various European countries as well as to all sections of the United States. Of this company Mr. Johnson was formerly the vice president and is THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 13 now a director. For some years he was a director of the Sp-ring-field National Bank, and in 19̊2 he erected a fine brick and steel department store on High street between Limestone street and Fountain avenue, five stories in height, one hundred feet front and one hundred and forty-five feet deep, this being the first steel skeleton structure of the city. Mr. Johnson has always been a Republi-can in politics, but never an aspirant for office„ although he served as a member of the city council for the third ward from 1882 until 1886 and was president of council one term. In Clark county Mr. Johnson was married to Adelaide T. Humphreys, a daughter of William Humphreys, and they have six living- children : Effie, now the wife of K. M. Burton; Nellie, the wife of Randolph Coleman; Frank C., who is assistant manager of the sales department of the Superior Drill Company; Clara, the wife of A. M. McKnight, of New York city; Jessie, the wife of Luther L. Buchwalter, of Springfield; and Ben P., who is with .the Superior Drill Company. The parents are members the High Street Methodist Episcopal church, of which Mr. Johnson has been a trustee for some years. For fifteen years he has been a trustee of Ferncliff cemetery; is also an active member of the Associated Charities, and in 1898 was one of the incorporators of the Methodist Home for the Aged, located at Yellow Springs. The interests which have made claim upon his. time and co-operation have been varied for anything which tends to the betterment of conditions for mankind or the improvement. of the city receives his endorsement and assistance. His efforts in industrial fields have been particularly beneficial to Springfield. At the time he became interested in manufacturing very little business of that character was carried on here and he has witnessed the entire and the splendid growth of manufacture here, while in the city's prog-ress in this direction he has been a most potent factor,—the dominant spirit in many enterprises whose value to the commercial activity of Springfield cannot be overestimated. His keen foresight, utilization of opportunity and executive force have enabled him to formulate and execute rnany plans whereby the avenues of trade have been broadened, while Springfield has gained prestige as a productive center that places it far ahead of many cities of greater-size in the Union. JOHN SPENCE. With the farming and stock-raising interests of Pike township John Spence is connected. He was born in this township March 21, 1824, and is therefore one of the oldest native sons of Clark county still living within its borders. His paternal grandfather, Oliver Spence, died in England. He was of both Scotch and English ancestry and engaged in herding sheep on the wide prairies Of England. The parents of out subject were William and Elizabeth (Wones) Spence, both of whom were natives of Yorkshire, England, and there spent their childhood days. After their mar-riage and the birth of their eldest son, James, they sailed for America, believing that they might have better opportunities for securing a home of their own and gaining a comfortable competence in this land. The year 1817 witnessed their emigration 14 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and for a time they lived in Cincinnati. Mr. Spence had only ten dollars when he arrived in that city, but he at once sought employment and worked there as a common laborer for two years. In 1820 he came to Clark county, taking up his abode here on Christmas day of that year, upon the farm, which is now occupied by his grandson, George Spence. He became well-to-do and as time passed made extensive and judicious investments in real estate until he was. the owner of more than two hundred and forty acres of land in Clark county ; three hundred acres in Kentucky ; and four hundred and twenty-eight acres in Indiana, near to Muncie and Decatur. He also :had an eighty-acre tract in Michigan and the income from these various farms supplied him with all the comforts and many luxuries of life. In his family were thirteen children, twelve of whom reached years of maturity: James, who was drowned in the Ohio river; Matthew, who died at the age of twenty-four years ; Mark, who died leaving one son, George ; Simon, who died at the age of thirty years. leaving four children; John, whose name introduces this review ; who died when more than forty years of age, leaving one child' who is now Mrs. John Hollis, of Addison, Ohio; George, who was an attorney of Springfield and at his death left a son, George, who is now in California; Timothy, who resides in Iowa and has several children ; Mary Ann, who died in childhood ; Maria., who became the wife of ' Henry Schell and is now deceased; Jane, Who married Samuel Pierce, of Knoxville, Iowa, by whom she has three children ; Ellen, who became Mrs. Scott and at her death left only one child ; Elizabeth, who is married and lives in Joliet, Illinois, and has two children. John Spence, who was the fifth in order of birth, spent his boyhood days upon the home farm, being reared amid the wild scenes of frontier life, for during his boyhood Clark county was still a. frontier district. All around stretched the green forests, the woodman's ax having not yet felled the great trees and prepared the land for cultivation. There were few roads yet constructed and those that had been cut through the forests were not in very good condition. It was long distances to mill and market and the farmers largely depended upon the products from their places for everything needed for the family use. The public school system of the county had not then been instituted and John Spence therefore attended a subscription school for about thirty days each year when the weather was so bad that it prevented him from doing farm work. In the log school building with slab seats and a writing desk formed by a slab placed. upon wooden pins driven into the wall, Mr. Spence pursued his studies. In one end of the room was a large fireplace. The methods of instruction were almost as primitive as the furnishings of the room. Mr. Spence aided his father in carrying on the work- of the home farm until twenty-one years of age, after which he began working by the month as a farm hand. He also learned the cooper's trade in a shop on the home farm and followed that for several years. He became an expert workman and make as many as sixteen barrels in a single day, when he had to prepare the lumber from the rough. On the 3d of July, 1853, Mr. Spence was married to Miss Louisa Bailey, and they became the parents of four children, but one died in early childhood and another at the age of thirteen years. Two. sons, Marcellus and Warren, are still living, and both are THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 15 married. The mother also passed away and Mr. Spence afterward married Mrs. Henrietta Crawfis, nee Daffenbach. Three children were born of this union, of whom two are still living: Arminta, and Arwilda, The latter married J. P. Wall and is living in Muncie, Indiana. Mr. Spence and his second wife lived together for about thirteen years and then she, too, wa.s called to the home beyond. In his political views Mr. Spence has been a stanch Republican from the organization of the party. He cast his first vote for Taylor in 1848 and in 1836 deposited his ballot for John C. Fremont. At the time of the Morgan raid into Ohio he was elected captain of what was known as the Flatfoot Company and with his command went to Xenia. Throughout his entire life his attention has been largely given to his farm work, which he has carried on continuously and even vet he superintends the cultivation of his land although he has passed the seventy-eighth milestone on life's journey. He is one of the honored and venerable residents of his township, his upright life having gained for him the respect of those with whom he has come in contact. LOUIS L. SYMAN, M. D. Among the successful medical practitioners of Springfield who have left the ranks of the many to stand among the successful few is Dr. Syman, was born in Cleveland. Ohio, Tune 3. 1871, and is a son of F. K. and Rebecca E. (Goldsmith) Syman. The father engaged in business in Cleveland for a number of vears.and carne to Springfield in 1874, where he established a music and jewelry store. He is now numbered among the old and respected citizens of the city and occupies a leading position in commercial circles. He votes with the Republican party but has had no time or desire to seek office. In his family were nine sons, but one of the number died in early childhood. The others are: Charles. who is engaged in the jewelry business in Denver, Colorado; David, who is associated in business with his father; Louis L., of this review ; Fred, who is with his brother in Denver; Albert and Edwin, who are traveling salesmen for The Champion Chemical Company ; Arthur, who is in a railway clearing house at Buffalo, New York : and Benjamin, who is a student at Starling Medical College. Dr. Syman, having completed the grammar school course, matriculated at Wittenberg College, where he pursued a regular course to the junior year, when he entered Brown University. at Providence, Rhode Island. Of the completion of his collegiate work he returned to Springfield and became connected with journalistic interests. being at different times associated with the Gazette, the Democrat and the Republic-Times. When the Sun was organized he at once became a member of the staff of that paper, serving as city editor. He remained for a time in his position and then went to Marion, Indiana. acting as city editor of the Leader. He also assisted in starting the Marion News. He then returned to this city and took up his position with the Sun, but determining to devote his energy to the practice of medicine, in 1893 he became a student at Starling Medical College. of Columbus, Ohio. where he was graduated in the spring of 1838. In that year Dr. Syman returned to Springfield :and became 16 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. associated in the practice with his preceptor, Dr. L. E. Niles, with whom he remained for three years, when Dr. Niles retired. Since that time he has been alone, devoting his entire attention to his professional duties, which have constantly increased and have become of a more and more important nature. He has now a very lucrative practice, drawing his business from a good class of citizens. In 1899 he was made township physician and health officer but afterward resigned. He is now chief surgeon of the Detroit Southern Railway and local surgeon for the Erie Railroad. and is a member of the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association. the Clark County Medical Society and the International Association of Railway Surgeons. He is also a regular contributor to medical journals, a fact which indicates that ranks high in his profession, making his influence of value to the medical world. He is also the house physician of the Arcade Hotel, and is district surgeon for the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers and Firemen and is medical examiner for various fraternal lodges. Dr. Syman was married in Delavan, Illinois, in 1898. to Miss Bertha Reinheimer, who was born in Delavan and was a daughter of the mayor of that place. The Doctor belongs to Clark Lodge, F. & A. M.; Springfield Chapter, R. A. M.: and Springfield Council, R. & S. M. He also holds membership with Springfield Lodge, No. 51, B. P. O. E., and with the Chi Phi fraternity. In manner Dr. Syman is entirely free from ostentation or display, but he deserves commendation for his success and attainments in a professional way. There is no man who has a greater regard for the ethics of his profession and is very courteous to his professional brethren. He is a representative of high ideals in his line and he is honored and respected in every class of society. EDWIN F. CREGAR. Edwin F. Cregar, a prominent representative of the building interests of Springfield, doing business as an architect. stands among the leaders in his line. He has the noble example of his father to inspire and encourage him, for Nathaniel Cregar was one of the most capable and successful architects of this part of the state. He was born September 29, 1825, in Hagerstown. Maryland, and died June 15, 1885. Tile paternal grandfather was a carpenter and Nathaniel Cregar seemed to have inherited his mechanical genius and as the years passed became a well known architect and builder. In the year 1846 he left the place of his nativity. going to Cincinnati. where he completed the carpenter's trade and also his study of architecture. although in later years he was continually broadening his knowledge by reading and research. In the fall of 1847 he came to Springfield and entered upon his building career here, continuing in this line of industrial activity until his death. He made the plans and superintended the construction of many of the finest buildings in this part of the state. He superintended the building of the .original water works and was superintendent of the construction of the county courthouse and of the first high school building of Springfield. Many structures which he erected are still standing and are monuments to his enterprise and skill. He carried on general contracting and building. as well as architectural work, and his THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 17 splendid success arose from thorough understanding of mechanical principles, his faithfulness to. the terms of a contract, close application and his unquestioned honesty. He was one of the organizers of the Independent Rover Fire Company of Springfield, was captain of a hose company and for ten years was its secretary. This fire company won great renown. and made a most creditable record. In 1850 Nathaniel Cregar was married in Springfield to Miss Catherine Smith—who was born in Warren county, Ohio, August 13, 1827, a daughter of Willard Smith, who was engaged in the manufacture of paper and is still living in Springfield. By her marriage she became the mother of five children of whom Mary B.. the first born, died at the age of three years. Charles A., born April 8, 1858, was an architect associated with his father in business until 1883. at which time he became his father's successor and continued his connection with his department of business activity until his own death, on the 8th of July, 1396. He pursued his literary education in .the public schools and afterward attended a technical school at Indianapolis. Indiana. Lulu married L. V. Lynch and died July 9, 1898. Edwin F. is the subject of this review. Frank M.. born November 30, 1860, in Springfield, is a carriage painter. The father was never an aspirant for office but was a leader in local Democratic circles and he had strong faith in the principles of his party and exercised marked influence in its ranks. He was always a supporter of church and charitable work and as a citizen was deeply interested in everything pertaining to the general good. His attention. however, was chiefly given to his profession. in which he won distinction and creditable success, his superior ability placing him in the front ranks among the architects of Ohio. Edwin F. Cregar, whose name introduces this record, was born in Springfield January 9, 1855, and pursued his education in the public schools. After putting aside his text books he worked with his father for about two, years and in 1874 went to Cincinnati. where he entered the Mechanics' Institute, pursuing a full course in architecture. This he completed in 1876 and then returned to Springfield, beginning work with his father. and in 1878 he went to Topeka, Kansas. where he followed his trade, remaining there until the death of his 'father in 1883. He then returned to Springfield and became associated with his brother Charles, the business being carried on under the firm style of Cregar Brothers until 1896, when the elder brother died. Our subject thus assumed the management of the business of the firm and has since been very successful in his work. He has furnished plans and specifications for all kinds of work and draws much of his patronage from a radius of one hundred miles. His business has been built up through his own efforts and ability, and he enjoys the confidence of a wide circle of friends. He has always fully sustained the dignity of his profession and has been very successful. While associated with his brother they furnished the plans for the city building, St. Raphael's church, for the Henry block, for the Third Presby-terian church, the St. John's Evangelical Lutheran church, the United Presbyterian church, the first Zimmerman building and Many other buildings, including business blocks and residences throughout the city and surrounding country. In 1881 Mr. Cregar was united in marriage to Miss Amanda Wilhelm, of Spring- 18 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. field, who was born in Harshmansville, Ohio, in February, 1863, and unto them has been born one son, William R., whose birth occurred October 29, 1881. He is a graduate of the public schools and is now associated 'with the' R. G. Dunn & Company Agency at Denver, Colorado. In his political affiliations Mr. Cregar is a Democrat and has been a delegate to county conventions, but the honors and emoluments of office have had no attraction for him. A man of strong individuality and indomitable purpose, one who has attained to a due measure of success in the affairs of life and whose influence has ever been exerted in the direction of progress and the right, this native son of Springfield well deserves mention in the history of Clark county. ASA SMITH BUSHNELL. Like the Roman matron Of old the states of the Union present their illustrious sons as their jewels. In no land are individual merit and accomplishment so widely recognized as worthy of public 'honor, and the record which the American nation holds in greatest regard is that of the man whose prominence, success and position are achieved through individual effort and high character. Distinguished as one of the eminent and influential men of Ohio, Hon. A. S. Bushnell is well known because of his connection with an important business enterprise and because of his political prominence. His course has ever been such as to sustain the dignity of political labor and service and his public career has been an honor to the state which has honored him with the office of chief executive. He has also displayed ability to handle commercial and industrial transactions of magnitude and is to-day connected with an enterprise which is known throughout the country, especially in agricultural circles and to those engaged in kindred lines of business. Animated by a spirit of enterprise and progress iii business, of loyalty and patriotism in public life. Asa Smith Bushnell has won and retained the respect, confidence and good will of people throughout the nation in all walks of life. Mr. Bushnell was born in Rome, Oneida county, New York, on the 16th of September, 1834, and comes of New England ancestry that had to do with the shaping of the colonial policy and the early history of the country. Jason Bushnell, his grandfather, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, serving first in the company of Captain Charles Midi, General Waterbury's brigade, and subsequently with Washington's Army at Tarrytown. Connecticut was the ancestral home of the family through 'many generations and it was at Lisbon, that state, on the 7th of February, 1800, that Daniel Bushnell, the father of our subject, was born. His residence in New York covered a number of years and Ohio became his place of abode in 1845. In the meantime he had married Miss Harriet Smith, the wedding being celebrated March 9, 1825. For many years the father was a resident of Cincinnati and from there removed to Oberlin, Ohio, which was his home at the time of his death. At the age of sixteen years Asa S. Bushnell became a resident of the city in which he was destined to bear an important part in the work of promoting commercial activity and prosperity as well as in shaping its political record. The advantages of his youth were not unlike those enjoyed by THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 21 other young men of the period. He had obtained a common-school education and determined to advance in the business world he eagerly availed himself of every opportunity that would lead to honorable promotion and success. For three years he was employed as a salesman in a dry-goods store and then became bookkeeper for the firm of Leffel, Cook & Blakeney, there remaining until the spring of 1857, when he accepted a position with Warder, Brokaw & Child, manufacturers of mowers and reapers. In the succeeding fall, however, he gave up that position to enter upon an independent business career as a partner of Dr. John Ludlow in the conduct of a drug store. For ten years he was connected with that line of trade and then became identified again with the work of manufacturing mowers and reapers with the firm with which he had formerly been associated. This time, however. he became a partner in the enterprise under the firm style of Warder, Mitchell & Company, and has since been a controlling factor in the business, the splendid success of which is largely attributable to his enterprise, his close attention and his sound business judgment. which readily grasps a situation, recognizes opportunity and utilizes the means at hand in extending the scope of the business. Changes have occurred in the partnership but the present firm of Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company is known by reputation throughout the length and breadth of the land and its exports have also made the name of the house familiar to a considerable extent in trade circles in foreign lands : in fact the products of the house are sent to every country where improved methods of agriculture are known. Mr. Bushnell has been president of the company since 1886 and the growth of the business. which has reached mammoth proportions, is largely attributable to his capacity for controlling commercial affairs of beadth and magnitude. Other business enterprises of Sprinfield have profited by his labor, his counsel and his control. Hie is the president of the First National Bank and the Springfield Gas Company and has been actively or financially interested in many other business enterprises of importance to the city. In early manhood Mr. Bushnell was married. In September, 1857, he wedded Miss Ellen Ludlow, a daughter of Dr. John Ludlow, of Springfield, and they became the parents of two daughters and a son : Mrs. J. F. McGrew, Mrs. H. C. Diamond and John L. Bushnell. In the first years of his married life Governor Bushnell left his little family to respond to the nation's call for aid, prompted by a spirit of patriotic devotion to the Union cause. With firm belief in the supremacy of the national government he began raising troops for the field, the command being organized as Company E, of the One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment of Ohio Infantry. He was made its captain and with the command of General David Hunter served in the Shenandoah valley in 1864. His interest in his fellow comrades of the blue has since been a salient characteristic of his career and he is an active and valued member of Mitchell Post, No. 45, G. A. R.. of Springfield. His religious belief is indicated by his membership in the Protestant Episcopal church and further evidence of the springs of conduct in his life is his relationship with the Masonic fraternity, which is based upon the brotherhood of man and inculcates. principles of mutual helpfulness. charity and kindliness. He is a Knight Templar, is also a member of the consistory and has attained 22 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the thirty-third degree of the Scottish rite. It is seldom found that a man of the mental ken, the extended interests and the humanitarian spirit of Asa S. Bushnell is not deeply interested in the political situation of his country. Politics becomes more than a question of the right of franchise and the success or defeat of individual candidates; to men accustomed to control important interests and to look upon life from a broad standpoint, political questions assume their national relation to other affairs of life as affecting the welfare of the country not only for the present but also through direct influence upon the future. It was but natural that Mr. Bushnell should become a factor in the political field of Ohio. Strong in support of his convictions, fearless in his advocacy of any measure which he believes to be right no one has had reason to question his position concerning any vital issue. His capacity for business also indicated to party leaders what. might be his power as an active factor in promoting Republican successes in Ohio. While he has never hedged himself about with undue reserve, his demeanor is always dignified and such a man could not but be an honor as well as a power in his party, and the political career of Governor Bushnell is such as has reflected credit upon his state. He became a local leader and his services were then sought in the broader field of state politics. In 1885 he became chairman of the Republican state executive. committee and his ability to marshal and direct forces was one of the potent elements in securing the Republican victory of that year. In 1886 he was appointed quartermaster general of the state, serving for a term of four years. In 1887, when the state convention convened. he was nominated by acclamation as the candidate for lieutenant governor, but declined the proffered honor and in 1889 he refused to accede to his party's earliest request that he accept the nomination for governor. His ambition was not in the line of political honors and he has ever been content to perform his duties toward city. state and nation in the honorable capacity of a private citizen. Again in 1891 he was spoken of in connection with the nomination for governor, which, however. went to Major William McKinley. of whom Mr. Bushnell was a most ardent adherent. In 1892 he was sent as a delegate to the Republican national convention and has been a member of each body of this character which has met in recent years. Several times he refused the nomination for congress and his nomination for the governorship, in May, 1895, came without solicitation, but the party and the public recognized his fitness for the office and no higher token of confidence, appreciation, trust and good will could have been given him by the people of the state than was shown in his election when, by a vote of ninety-two thousand six hundred and twenty-two, he was given a larger majority than was ever won by another candidate for governor in the state with the exception of that gven to John Brough, the war governor of Ohio. His administration was like his campaign, dignified, free from petty partisanship and characterized by practical devotion to the weal of the commonwealth. He was inaugurated on the 13th of January. 1896, as the fortieth governor of Ohio, and his course as chief executive gave general satisfaction not only to his own party but to the state at large. He was re-elected in the fall of 1897 by, a good majority and entered upon his second term the following THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 23 January, serving in all four years. The many. times that he has refused political honors proves conclusively that self-aggrandizement has never been the motive power in his political work, but that a devotion to his country and the principles in which he believes has been the mainspring of his political activity. It would be difficult to designate one characteristic as the leading one in the life record of Asa S. Bushnell for there are none of the great departments of action bearing upon the country's progress and advancement which have not received his endorsement, his sympathy and his support. 'The city of Springfield has been especially benefited by his labors in its behalf. The churches. the schools, the business interests, the social conditions, the aesthetic and the moral culture have all received impetus from his helpfulness. No sense of self-laudation has promoted this but a devotion to the general good and a broadminded interest in improvement in keeping with the world's advancement. In his social life he is known for his kindly, genial nature, quick to recognize true worth and to give friendship and regard in appreciation of character. HENRY BALDWIN, M. D. Dr. Henry Baldwin, a well known physician of Springfield, represents one of the pioneer families of this city, where he was born on the 17th of July, 1860. His paternal grandfather, Jonah Baldwin, was 'a native of Virginia and in the opening years of the nineteenth century took up his abode in Ohio, establishing his home in Springfield in 1802. After a short time he returned to the Old Dominion and brought his family to Springfield in 1804, settling on what is now the east side of Main street, east of Limestone street. During the pioneer development of the city he proved a potent factor in establishing its policy and in its growth. A leader of public thought and action, his influence was felt in political circles and along lines directing the intellectual and moral progress of the community. After locating here he served as justice of the peace for a number of years, his decisions being strictly fair and impartial. He married Minerva Needham, a daughter of Dr. William A. Needham, who came to Springfield in 1814, practicing in this city and in Clark county. The conditions which met a physician at that time were very different to those of the present day. Hardships and trials known only to the people of the frontier were to be met and continually faced by him who devoted his attention to the alleviation of human suffering. Streams had to be forded and there were no roads but bridle paths or very often only the old Indian trails. Most of the settlers were widely scattered, and braving the storms of winter and the heat of summer, the pioneer physician made his way to each home in which his services were needed, his calls often demanding great personal sacrifice. For some time Dr.. Needham was a resident of what is now known as Lagonda, but the place was then called Pillville 'because of the Doctor's residence there. He established the first drug store in Springfield and for many years conducted it, but eventually was. sold to the Ludlow family who carried on the business until 1896 and it was not until 1898 that the old store building was torn down. It was situated on Main street on the southwest corner of the first alley east of Limestone street. 24 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Henry Baldwin. Sr., the father of the Doctor, is a native of Clark county, his birth having occurred upon a farm in Pleasant township in 1830. His boyhood days were spent in the usual manner of farmer lads of that period. On coming to Springfield he entered the employ of his brother Joseph, who .was conducting a. dry goods store, and remained with him in the capacity of salesman until the death of the brother, after which he continued the business on his own account until 188o, when he disposed of his interests to other parties and has since 'been living in retirement. He married Maria. Dawson, of Uniontown, Pennsylvania, in which place she was born and reared. She was the daughter of John Dawson and granddaughter of Nicholas Dawson, one of the pioneer settlers of Kentucky, who went to that state at a time when most of the population lived in forts on account of the hostilities of the Indians. Nicholas Dawson married Violet Littleton, of Fairfax, Virginia. She was a niece of Lord Fairfax and a daughter of Martha Washington, with whom she often corresponded, many of the letters of the wife of the illustrious father of his country being now in the possession of the Dawson family. Nicholas Dawson and his wife spent their last days in Springfield and were buried. in the old Columbia street cemetery. Dr. Henry Baldwin, both as boy and man, has been a resident of the city which is still his home and in the public schools he began his education which was continued until his graduation on the completion of the high school course. He Prepared for his profession as a student in the office of Dr. E. M. Buckingham, of this city, and in the Jefferson Medical College, Philadelphia,. where he was graduated with the class of 1883. The Doctor was married in 1897 to Miss Lucretia :gathers. of Sydney, Shelby county, Ohio, a daughter of John :lathers, prominent lawyer of that place. and a granddaughter of judge Hugh Thompson, of Sydney, who was one of the distinguished jurists of Ohio at an early day. Dr. Baldwin and his wife have a little. daughter. Elizabeth :fathers. Fraternally the Doctor is a Mason, his, membership being with Clark Lodge, No. 101, F. & A. M.. of which he is past master ; and Springfield Chapter, No. 48. R. A. M. He is also a member of the young men's Literary Club of Springfield. For one term he was a member of the school board of the city, has also served as city physician and is now a member of the Mitchell Thomas Hospital staff. He belongs to the Clark County Medical Society, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. while in the first named he has served as president. FRANK H. MILLS. Frank H. Mills, a well known factor in commercial and political circles of Springfield, was born in Green township, Clark. county, June 20. 1861. and is a son of Jacob N. and Harriet (Rupert) Mills. both of whom are residents of Springfield. The father was a farmer by occupation for many years, but in 1875 came to this city and established a grocery store, which he conducted for a number of years. but is now living retired. Moses Mills, the grandfather THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 25 of our subject, was a native of New Jersey and became the founder of the family in Clark county, locating upon a farm in Green township at an early period in the development of this portion of the state. He purchased land from the government and thereupon made his home until his death. His son Jacob was the youngest of eight children and is. the only one now living. He was born in 1824, and his wife was born in 1827. Both were educated in the early schools of the county and have witnessed marked changes in methods since that day. In the early '80s Jacob Mills served for two years as a member of the city council of Springfield but has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking, preferring to perform his duties as a private citizen. Both he and his wife are consistent and faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal church. Unto them have been born three sons and four daughters, but two daughters and a son died of cholera in 1851, when they were small children. The others are: America, wife of Henry Wolford. of Cedarville, Ohio; Charles, who is agent for the Osborn Machine Company of Louisville. Kentucky; Florence, the widow of Robert C. Rensberg, of Springfield; and Frank H. The last named pursued his education in the district schools until the family removed to Springfield, when he became a student in the public schools here. After putting aside his text books he secured a position in the carriage shops of David West and followed that business for a time. He was afterward employed by Mr. Bancroft. entering his establishment in May. 1882. That he is one of the most trusted representatives of the house as well as one of the most capable workmen is indicated by the fact that he has since been connected with the firm. In 1895 in this city Mr. Mills was united in marriage to Cora B. Miller, daughter of Charles T. Miller, now deceased. Her father engaged in merchandising here and was a :very successful business man. Of German descent, Mrs. Mills was born in Springfield and was one of five children: Amelia, the deceased wife of Albert Hohl, of New York city; Anna, the wife of Charles T. Wallace, of Springfield, Ohio; Clara, the wife of George Clark, of Cleveland, Ohio; George, who is a machinist of Springfield; and Cora, the wife of our subject. All are high school graduates of Springfield. In his political affiliations Mr. Mills is a Republican and is recognized as a leader in the ranks of his party, taking an active interest in its growth and success. He has frequently been a .delegate to the city and county conventions and has put forth every effort in his power to secure Republican, victories. In 1898 he was elected to the city council and was re-elected in 1901, thus representing the second ward for four years. He was an active member of various committees and. the chairman of several and he exercises his official prerogatives in support of all progressive measures for the general good. At the county convention of March, 1902, he was nominated for the office of county recorder and elected the following November. He is quite prominent in social and fraternal circles, belonging to Moncrieffe Lodge, K. P., in which he was master of exchequer in 1890, and is a member of Division No. 6, of the uniform rank; the Junior Order of American. Mechanics; Logan Castle of the Knights of the Golden Eagle; and Commercial Camp, M. W. A. His wife holds membership with the First Presbyterian church and Mr. Mills contributes liberally to church and charitable 26 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. work. He is a self-made man for when he left school he started out upon his business career empty handed and his advancement has been acquired entirely through his own capability, his fidelity and close application. He has purchased some valuable property, and this is a monument to his enterprise and diligence. GEORGE W. HUNTINGTON. George W. Huntington, a resident farmer of Mad River township, was born November 15, 1839, in Springfield, upon a farm owned by his father. His maternal grandfather was Hugh Kirkpatrick, one of the earliest residents of the city of Springfield. He took up his abode there when the present metropolitan city was but a village, and it became his home in 1811, his house standing in the southwestern portion of the city. William Huntington, the father of our subject, was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, June 15, 1800, a son of Nathaniel Huntington, whose birth occurred either in Vermont or Connecticut. After arriving at years of maturity he married Martha Kirkpatrick, who was born December 9, 1808, in Flemingsburg, Kentucky, and was a daughter of Hugh and Rachel (Kelley) Kirkpatrick. In June, 1835, William Huntington came to Ohio with his mother and her family. From that time until his death he remained a resident of Clark county. He passed away near Springfield on the 18th of December, 1886, having long survived his wife, who died on the 17th of May, 1862. In their family were five children, namely, George W., of this review; Ann, the wife of Arthur Forbes, by whom she has four children ; Hugh, who, married Hannah Pierce and has six children; Samuel, who. was the twin brother of Hugh and died at the age of twenty months; and Rachel, the wife of Edwin McClintock. The father left his farm in Springfield when our subject was about fifteen years of age and bought another farm farther from the town. The family lived upon that place until our subject was about twenty-five years of age, when the. father purchased the farm upon which George W. Huntington is now living. It remained the home of William Huntington for three years, after which he removed to Springfield, where he died. George W. Huntington was reared under the parental roof in the usual manner of farmer lads of the period. His educational privileges were those afforded by the coun-try public schools, and in the fields he worked from the time of early spring planting until after the crops were harvested in the autumn. In 1870 he was united in. marriage to Mrs. Anna Hill, a widow, and a daughter of Charles and Catherine (Snyder) Swaney, in whose family were the following children : . Anna, Charles, Emma, Ella and Rachel. Unto. Mr. and Mrs. Huntington were born three sons : Willie, born June 15, 1871, died five days later. Clifford, born January 12, 1873, has engaged in school teaching and is now a student in the State University. For five years he was employed as a teacher in the high school at Fairfield. He was graduated in Antioch College with the class of 1896, at which time the degree of Bachelor of Science was conferred upon him. In 1902 he was graduated in the State University with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy and he took a fellowship in economics. Elmer, born February 3, 1876, died November 6, 1889. Mr. Huntington was reared in the politi- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 27 cal faith of the Republican party, casting his first presidential vote for Lincoln in 1864., and now gives his support to the Prohibition party. He has never been an office seeker, but was a candidate on the Prohibition ticket for county sheriff. He represents one of the old families of the county and is well known as a worthy and representative citizen of this portion of Ohio. JOSEPH GILBERT VAN HORN Joseph Gilbert Van Horn is connected with industrial and agricultural interests in Clark county and is a representative business man, wide-awake and progressive. He is now engaged in the manufacture and sale of hardwood lumber and also follows farming, owning and operating a tract of land of fifty acres, one mile east of South Charleston. He was born near Harrisville. Harrison county, Ohio. about twelve miles from Wheeling, August 31, 1850, and is a son of Edward and Eliza (Gilbert) Van Horn. His father was a native of Bucks county, Pennsylvania, was reared upon a farm and was about fifteen years of age when he came to Ohio in company with the grandfather of our subject, Christian Van Horn. who settled in Harrison county. There Edward Van Horn was married, and when his son Joseph was about four years old the grandfather and the father both removed to Cedarville. Ohio. After two years the latter removed to McDonough county. Illinois, where he remained until the fall of 1860. at which time he became a resident of Cedarville. Ohio. and in 1862 he offered his services to the government, enlisting in the Tenth Independent Battery, Light Artillery. With that command he continued until hon orably discharged in 1865. He participated in the siege of Vicksburg, went with Sherman to Chattanooga, thence to Nashville under command of General Thomas, and after the battle at that place was sent to Sweet Water Valley, where the regiment was stationed until after the close of hostilities. Mr. Van Horn spent his remaining days in Cedarville, passing away in 1895, at which time he was laid to rest in the Cedarville cemetery by the side of his wife, who passed away in 1892. Joseph G. Van Horn of this review received a common school education. His father was in limited financial circumstances. and he had to begin to make his own way in the world when but a boy. In his youth he worked at farm labor for ten or twelve dollars per month and his earnings went to the support of the family until after he had attained his majority. He farmed and worked in the timber regions, making his home in Cedarville. When .about twenty-five years of age he began to buy timber, which was cut for ties, and gradually he overcame the difficulties and obstacles in his path to success. Soon after his marriage he entered the employ of Zwick & Greenwall, and for four years purchased timber for them. During that time he saved some money, and on the expiration of that period he .entered into partnership with D. S. Ervin, of Cedarville, in the manufacture and sale of hardwood lumber. This relation was maintained until 1899, when Mr. Van Horn purchased the mill which he now owns. This mill has been located at different places, wherever timber could be purchased. For eight years it has stood about one mile east of South Charleston, in Madison township. On the 22nd of September. 1881, Mr. Van Horn was united in marriage to Miss 28 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Sarah C. Milburn, a daughter of Aaron and Celinda (Bozarth) Milburn. They have a fine residence which was erected by Mr. Van Horn in 1894, and the farm comprises fifty acres of well developed land. In 1897 Mr. Van Horn entered into partnership with George Thorpe in handling thorough-bred Norman draft stallions and also fast trotting and pacing horses. He has seven stallions, all kept at South Charleston. He started in this business with one horse. This was a charitable act in order to give a poor man a business opportunity, but he has kept in the business and has found it a profitable source of income. In his political affiliations Mr. Van Horn is a Republican and has supported the party since casting his first presidential vote for Grant in 1872. He has never been an office seeker, but as a citizen is public-spirited and progressive. He attends and supports the Methodist Episcopal church of South Charleston, of which Mrs. Van Horn is a member. At one time he held membership with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Xenia, but afterward transferred his membership to the lodge in Cedarville, and later to South Charleston. He is a self-made man who started out in life a poor boy with no capital, but he realized that success may be gained through industry, economy and honesty, and these qualities have proved the foundation upon which he has reared the superstructure of his prosperity. J. WARREN KEIFER. The name of J. Warren Keifer has long figured in the annals of this country. It is found in connection with the history of jurisprudence in Ohio and in connection with the military records of the land. It is found upon the records of congress, and he is the only resident of Ohio that has been honored with the speakership in the national house of representatives. An enumeration therefore of the distinguished men of Ohio would he incomplete were there failure to make prominent reference to the subject of this review, whose course has reflected credit and honor upon the state which has honored him. At the bar his comprehensive understanding of the principles of jurisprudence and his masterly presentation of a cause have gained him fame as a lawyer of marked ability ; on the field of battle he showed thorough knowledge of military tactics and strategy and a loyalty and devotion to duty that gained him promotion, and „he was brevetted brigadier-general, also major-general by the President for gallantry on the field; but still other honors awaited him in this land where the road to public distinction is that of public usefulness and merit. In the affairs of state, as taken aside from the extraordinary conditions of warfare, there are demanded men whose mental ken is as wide and whose generalship is as effective as those which insure successful manouvering of armed forces by the skilled commander on the field of battle. The nation's welfare and prosperity may be said to hinge as heavily upon individual discrimination and executive ability in the one case as in the other. It requires a master mind to martial and organize the forces for political purposes and produce the best results by concerted effort, and such a leader is found in General J. Warren Keifer, whose statesmanship and love of country, guided by wise judgment in securing results, made him a leader during his service in the halls of congress. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 31 Well may Clark county be proud to call this man her son. He has never known another home. He was born on Mad river, in this county, January 30. 1836, and while his interests, public and private, have sometimes called him elsewhere he has always maintained his deep affection for this locality and its people and the tie has been strengthened with the passing years. His parents were Joseph and Mary (Smith) Keifer. The father was born at Sharpsburg. Maryland. December 28, 1784, and the year 1812 witnessed his arrival in Clark county, Ohio. He was a farmer and civil engineer and in this pioneer district he followed his dual occupation, taking an active part in reclaiming the wild land for the uses of the white man. He bore an active and helpful part in the work f early improvement and progress here and continued a resident of the county until his death, which occurred April 13, 1850. His wife was born in what is now Cincinnati (Columbia), Ohio. January 31, 1799, and died at Yellow Springs this state. March 23, 1879. She was of English lineage and about 1790 her ancestors removed from New Jersey to what was then the Northwest Territory. The boyhood of Joseph Warren Keifer. was not unlike that of most boys of the period. At the usual age he entered the public schools and later continued his studies in Antioch College. In the meantime he had acquainted himself to a considerable extent with American history and especially that of his own locality for he lived amid historic localities. Here were many famous Indian battlefields; on a neighboring farm (in a Piqua Indian village) was born the Indian chieftain, Tecumseh. Mr. Keifer., as a boy, found great delight in wandering among these places and picking up information concerning their early struggles, which established the supremacy of the white race as masters of the rich district. As he advanced in years he continually broadened his knowledge by reading and investigation. and from an early age kept in view his purpose of one day becoming a member of the bar. In 1853 he taught a term of country school which was his first regular employment, aside from duties of the home farm. While assisting in the labors of field and meadow he devoted his leisure hours through three years to reading law, and in 1856; took an advanced step in the line of his ambition to become a member f the bar by entering the office of the law firm of Anthony & Goode, of Springfield, there remaining as a student until his admission to the bar, January 12, 1858. For forty-four years General Keifer has been a member of the Springfield bar. His vas the usual experience of the young lawyer who begins practice at a bar where are many older and more experienced men. whose reputations have already been established and whose cleintage is assured, but he possessed persistency of purpose. laudable ambition. and strong mentality. and gradually he worked his way upward. proving his power to successfully cope with the intricate problems of jurisprudence. Early in his professional career his labors were interrupted by military service for the country became involved in Civil war. He had kept informed concerning the growth of sentiment and the progress of events in the south, and his love of liberty and his devotion to his country increased as oppression and rebellion were more strongly manifest below the Mason and Dixon line. The echo from Sumter's guns went sounding and resounding throughout the land and 32 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. General Keifer was among the.,first to offer his services to the government. enlisting- on the 19th of April, 1861. A contemporary biographer has written of his military his-tory as follows: "He was commissioned major of the Third Ohio Infantry. April 27, 1861, for three months, and June 12. 1861. for three years. He took part in the battle of Rich :Mountain July 1861 the first of the war; the same year he participated in engagements in Cheat :Mountain and Elk Water, West Virginia; in November his regiment was attached to General Buell's army; February 12, 1862, Ile was commissioned lieutenant-colonel of his regiment and was present at the capture of Bowling Green., Kentucky; Nashville. Tennessee; and Huntsville and Bridgeport, Alabama. April 30, 1862, he led the first expedition into Georgia and performed an important service in the destruction of the salt-peter works at Nickajack cave. He returned to Louisville with General Buell's command; was made colonel of the One Hundred and Tenth Ohio Infantry, September 3o. 1862; was assigned to General :Milroy's division in West Virginia, and placed in command of a brigade and the post at Moorefield; was in the battle of Winchester, Virginia. June 1863, where he was twice wounded; July 9, 1863, he was assigned to the army of the Potomac in the Third Army Corps in pursuit of General Lee's army, and took part in engagements at Wapping Heights July 23, 1863; in August, 1863, he was sent with his command to aid in the suppression of the draft riots and in enforcing the draft in New York city and Brooklyn; rejoined the army in the field in September and bore a prominent part in the battle of Mine Run, November 27, 1863, and in other minor engagements: March 24, 1864, he was transferred to the Sixth Army Corps and at the battle of the Wilderness, May 5, 1864, was wounded by a musket ball which shattered both bones of his left forearm, disabling him until August 26, when he resumed command of his brigade, at Harper's Ferry, Virginia, benig the Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Army Corps. and with his arm still in a sling commanded his troops in the hard-fought battles of Opequon, Fisher's Hill and Cedar Creek in the Shenandoah Valley ; at Opequon he was wounded by a shell. his horse being shot under him: at Fisher's Hill he with out orders. led his brigade in the assault on the fortified left flank of the enemy and captured many prisoners and guns: at Cedar Creek he commanded the Third Division. Sixth Army Corps, and for his distinguished gallantry and the energy and discretion there evinced was brevetted by President Lincoln a brigadier-general and by him assigned to duty with that rank. In December. 1864, with 11:s corps he rejoined the army of the Potomac in front of Petersburg and was actively engaged on the left of the fortified line; March 25. 1865, he led a successful assault upon the enemy's outer line of works and was complimented in general orders; .April 2, he charged with. his division in the final assault which carried the main works and resulted in the capture of Petersburg and Richmond; April 5, his command aided in cutting off the retreat of Lee's army and forced it to give battle on the 6th at Sailor's Creek ; the wings of the army (General Keifer commanding the left) being forced forward (notwithstanding the fact that the enemy had broken the center line). surrounded and effected the capture of above six thousand THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 33 of the enemy, including Generals Ewell, Kershaw, Custis Lee, Barton, Corse. Hunton and other officers of high rank. One of the incidents of the war, thrilling and full of adventure and showing the true spirit of military heroism and presence of mind, is worthy of representation here. Immediately succeeding the surrender of the six thousand Confederates, and while assisting in the reformation of the troops, information reached General Keifer that a body of the enemy was concealed in a wood on his right. He rode in person into the woods to reconnoiter and came suddenly upon the Confederate troops lying on the ground evidently ignorant of the surrender which had just taken place. The density of the wood, approaching night and the smoke if the battle saved the General from instant identification as a Union officer. To attempt to withdraw was instant death, and surrender never entered his mind. Seeing that the troops were awaiting and expecting a command he rode forward and wheeling his horse shouted. "Forward !" and led the enemy as his own troops. waving his sword toward the recent scene of battle. The command was instantly obeyed and the faster he rode the faster the enemy followed after, until the edge of the wood and the better light led to the discovery of his identity, when he was the mark for many muskets. and would have been shot but for the command of the Confederate officers, who prevented their men from delivering their fire. General Keifer escaped to his own troops and leading them in a charge upon the enemy secured the surrender of the entire brigade of Confederates, which was composed of marines little used to land service, commanded by Commodore J. R. Tucker and Captain John D. Semmes. Tucker and Semmes both claimed to have saved General Keifer's life by preventing their troops from firing upon him and as an act of gratitude he used his influence to obtain the parole from Johnson's Island of these officers, who, having deserted from the United States Navy, were not entitled, under then existing orders, to that clemency. "General Keifer joined in the pursuit and capture of General Lee's army, and was brevetted major-general 'for gallant and distinguished service during the campaign ending in the surrender of the insurgent commander, General R. E. Lee.' His corps was sent south to aid in the capture of General Joe Johnston's army in North Carolina, and learning at Danville f the contemplated surrender, he, with a portion of his staff, pushed across the country fifty miles to witness it. He was thus present at the capitulation of both General Lee's and Johnston's armies. "A career beginning in April. 1861, and closing June 27, 1865, when he retired from the army to resume the practice of law at Springfield, briefly outlined, has but few parallels ; without military education or experience, without influence or wealth, merit and distinguishd ability earned the highest rank in the service. For over four years he was, except when disabled from wounds, in active service in the field and at the front. His purpose in entering the army—the preservation of the Union—was accomplished, his life works in arts of peace was before him and upon it he entered with the same energy and enthusiasm that had made his military career so glorious. His return to civil life was followed by success at the bar, where he soon acquired an extensive practice. In 1866, he was tendered a commission as lieutenant-colonel of the Twenty- . 34 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sixth United States Infantry upon the unsolicited recommendations of Generals Grant and Meade. but declined it." After the close of the war General Keifer resumed the practice of law and the duties of civil life. Before the outbreak of hostilities he had established a home of his own and on the 22d of March, 1860, had married Miss Eliza Stout, of Springfield. They became the parents of three sons : J. Warren, Jr.. who is engaged in farming in Nebraska William W. and Horace C., who are associated with their father in the practice of law in Springfield also one daughter, Margaret E., now deceased. The practice of his profession has been the real life work of Mr. Keifer, who from the time of his return from the army has steadily maintained a foremost position in the ranks of the legal fraternity in this part of Ohio. His fidelity to his client's interests is proverbial, vet he never forgets that he owes a higher allegiance to the majesty of the law. His diligence and energy in the preparation of his cases, as well as the earnestness. tenacity and courage with which he defends the right as he understands it, challenges the admiration of his associates, yet he has never sought forensic triumph when it had to be gained by lowering his standard of manhood or degrading the dignity of his profession. He has a ready command of English and is an orator, whose ability has made him sought outside the strict path of his profession. He has addressed many public gatherings on momentous questions and notable occasions and his eloquence is. not the least of his many gifts. On the occasion of a state reunion of the sailors and soldiers of Ohio, held at Newark. July 22, 1878, the anniversary of the death .of General McPherson, General W. S. Sherman, President Haves and cabinet. General Garfield and other distinguished men being present, he delivered an address entitled "Ohio's Contribution, Sacrifice and Service in the War." He has ever been actively interested in the cause of the soldiers since his participation in the war and has served as a member of the Department of Ohio of the Grand Army of the Republic. While filling that office in 1868 he organized the board of control for the establishment of the Soldiers and Sailors' Orphans' Home. at Xenia of which the state assumed control in 1870, making General Keifer one of its trustees, in which capacity he served from April 15. 1870. until March 5. 1878. From 1873 he has been a trustee of Antioch College and in the same year he was made the president of the Lagonda National Bank of Springfield, in which capacity he has served almost continuously since. Perhaps, however, the work which has drawn the attention of the country to General Keifer more than anything else which he has ever done is that which he performed while a member of congress. Not long after the close of the Civil war he became an important factor in Ohio politics and from 1868 until 1870 was a member of the state senate, where he served on several important committees. including the judiciary and municipal corporation committees. He was an active working member of the senate and was the author of a number of laws, some of which found their way upon the statutes of other states. He introduced an amendment to the replevin law providing special safeguards for heirlooms and other property not possessing general marketable value. In 1876 he was made a delegate to the Republican national convention, and the same year was elected to congress, where he served THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 35 continuously from March 4, 1877, until March 4, 1885. On the 5th of December, 1881. he was chosen speaker of the house, ( Forty-seventh Congress) and filled that position until the 4th of March, 1883. It was an honor well deserved and his course showed that he well merited the confidence reposed in him by the party leaders, many of whom were among the most distinguished men of the nation. He is not only the first and only Ohio man ever chosen to the speakership but he also enjoys the distinction of being the first speaker to enforce the rule of closure, his ruling having been adopted in the house giving to the speaker the right to cut off obstructive or dilatory motions. He displayed marked knowledge of parliamentary proceeding and his rulings were always just and impartial, winning him the commendation of even the opposition. No parliamentary decision of his was overruled by the house. He was the first to advance in the direction of doing away with an old order of things which allowed the minority to prevent the action of the house on pending measures by dilatory motions or by refusing to vote to prevent a ("norm!. He ruled such motions out of order, and favored the counting of a quorum ( the late Speaker Reed then not agreeing with him) when a sufficient number were present for this purpose. He labored untiringly for the welfare of the nation without a thought as to policy where the right or the country's good was involved. He is a statesman who has studied long and deeply the questions concerning national progress and improvement and who places the country's weal before personal aggrandizement or party power. He is, however, an earnest supporter of Republican principles and since his retirement from office has labored earnestly and effectively to promote the cause f Republicanism, delivering many addresses on the leading political questions throughout Ohio and other states of the Union. His life of public activity and usefulness has extended over a long period, beginning with his service on the battlefields of the south, and no man of national fame has been more fearless in conduct. faultless in honor or stainless in reputation than Joseph Warren Keifer. When the war with Spain was declared in April, 1898. General Keifer. then sixty-two years of age and actively engaged in the practice of law in Springfield. Ohio, was appointed by President McKinley and unanimously confirmed by the senate. a major-general f volunteers, this being the highest rank then known in the United States Army. He was the only man from civil life in the northern states appointed to that rank, in that war, though he had not had a military education ; his military record in the Civil war earned him this distinguished recognition.. He served in command of troops ( Seventh Army Corps) principally from Texas. Alabama, Louisiana and South Carolina, at Miami and Jacksonville. Florida also at Savannah, Georgia, from which place he embarked about sixteen thousand men for Cuba, principally to the vicinity of Havana. Many who served under him and were on his staff were sons of ex-Confederates, and not a few of the officers had served in the Confederate Army. General John B. Gordon's son, Hugh H.. and General J. E. B. Stuart's son, J. E. B. Stuart. served on his staff. He established his own headquarters at Buena Vista. lust outside of Havana. He commanded the United States 36 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. military forces which entered and took possession of that ancient capital city, January 1, 1899. The war being over and the occupancy of Cuba by the United States Volunteers ended, he was mustered out of military service in May, 1899, when he again returned to the practice of law in Springfield. which he has since continued, taking much interest in political campaigns. state and national. He has also given much attention to literature and writing. His political history of "Slavery and Four Years of War,” though principally written in 1895-6, was completed, by adding some account of the Spanish War, and published by the Putnam's ( New York), in 1900. He was the first commander-in-chief of the Spanish War Veterans, now a large and flourishing organization. JOHN S. ELLIOTT. Insurance interests of Springfield have advanced to enormous proportions in the past fifteen years, and at the present time constitute one of the leading departments of business activity. Special enterprise and ability always tell in business, and this is particularly so in the line of fire insurance. Competition is particularly keen and the wide-awake and alert underwriter is the one who obtains the largest share of public patronage. Prominent among the insurance men of Springfield and of Clark county, and a notable representative of this line of business. is John S. Elliott, who since 1877 has insured a large number of buildings against loss through fire. He also is an agent for all lines of insurance and has met with creditable success in his chosen field of labor. Mr. Elliott was born near the village of Sudlersville, in Queen Anne county, Maryland. December 9, 1854, a son of John S. and Martha A. (Sudler) Elliott. both of whom were born in Maryland of old families and were educated in the early schools there. The father followed the occupation of farming and died in his native county. Unto him and his wife were born seven children. of whom one daughter died at the age of twenty-one years. while the others are all living. Two sons are engaged in the insurance business in Philadelphia, while the other members of the family are representatives of farming interests in the east. John S. Elliott of this review pursued a common school education in his native county, and when a young man accepted a clerkship in a dry goods store there. In the year 1873 he came to Ohio, locating in Greene county, where he was employed as a farm hand for a year by M. V. Morris. In 1874 he entered the A. D. Wilt Miami Business College at Dayton, Ohio, where he pursued a complete commercial course. He then came to Springfield and for one year was engaged in clerking for J. W. Murphy, after which he became an insurance solicitor for D. R. Hosterman. In 1876 he removed to Xenia, where he opened a local office, and in 1877 he returned to Springfield and followed the insurance business for a time. 1885 he purchased an agency and has since met with very creditable success in his undertakings. He is the president and general manager of the general fire insurance agency of the T. S. Elliott Company, which is incorporated Under the laws of Ohio for twenty-five thousand dollars, and is district agent for the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. He represents all large fire insurance companies and does a strictly union business. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 37 representing fire, life and accident insurance companies. He has devoted his entire time and energy to the building up of his present extensive business and has the best individual agency in the state of Ohio. Since 1884 he has been located in the Mitchell building. On the 6th of September, 1877, in Dayton. Ohio. Mr.. Elliott wedded Mary W. Boyer., who was born in that state and was a daughter of O. P. Boyer. of Dayton. She died December 20, 1884, leaving two children: Lida B., the wife of Charles C. Limbacker, of this city ; and John Oliver, who was born in August, 1882. and is now in his father's office. Both are graduates of the, public schools of Springfield. In January, 1886, Mr. Elliott was again married, his second union being, with Nora E. Wood, a native of Springfield, and a daughter Samuel R. and Margaret Wood. Her father was a farmer in early life and afterward became a machinist. He is now deceased. but his widow is vet living. Three children have been born of the second marriage of our subject : Margaret, born in December, 1887; Benjamin F., in March. 1891; and Allen G.. on the 4th of December, 1897. Mr. Elliott was president of the. board of public affairs of Springfield for three years. and by reappointment he served for another term of four years. being the Democratic advisory member. He has been a delegate to the city, county and state conventions of the Democratic party, and although Ile has never sought office some have been conferred upon him. He belongs to Anthony Lodge, No. 455, F. & A. M.; Springfield Chapter, R. A. M. : Springfield Council, No.. 17, R. & S. M.: Palestine Commandery. No. 33, K. T.; Rose Croix Lodge. No. 18, of the Scottish rite of Dayton: and the Consistory of Cincinnati. He is also a member of Antioda Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He holds membership relations with Red Star Lodge, K. P.; the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks ; Springfield Lodge, No. 33, I. O. O. F.: and Mad River Encampment, No. 16, Knights of Khorassan; and the United Commercial Travelers' Association. He is also a charter member of the Lagonda Club, and was one of the original directors. He is a charter member of the Commercial Club, and of the board of trade. He belongs to the State Underwriters Association of Ohio, and his wife is a member of the Second Presbyterian church. Mr. Elliott is deeply interested in every act that tends to develop the city and to promote its progress.. He \vas appointed by Mayor Goodwin as one of the original trustees of the Mitchell Thamas hospital. and remained upon the board until it came under the control of the board of public affairs: by act of the legislature. In connection with a S. Kelly he raised the money to pay off the indebtedness of the hospital. Patriotic and public-spirited, he has labored along safe lines for the substan-tial upbuilding of Springfield, and is known here for his genuine worth in public affairs as well as for his enterprise and honesty in business. ADDISON J. BECKLEY. Addison J. Beckley is a wholesale and retail dealer in coal and ice in Springfield. He now occupies a prominent and honorable position in commercial circles here and to. this he has advanced through earnest, persistent effort. He was born in Danville, Indiana. July 7, 1857, his parents being James S. and Elizabeth (Christie) Beckley. The father was a native of Virginia and the 38 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. mother of Kentucky. On leaving the south they located in they vicinity of Danville, Indiana. where they spent the greater part f their remaining clays, and both died in Indianapolis. Addison J. Beckley, whose name forms the caption of this article, spent his boyhood days in the state of his nativity and pursued a literary education in Danville, Indiana, completing a high school course, after which he entered upon a commercial course in Indianapolis. Thus well -fitted to enter business life he took up the study of telegraphy in his native state and when he had acquired a knowledge of the art he accepted a position as operator in the union Station of Indianapolis. Soon afterward he accepted a position with the Indiana, Bloomington & Western Railroad at the general offices, continuing there until October. 1882, when he came to Springfield and accepted the position of storekeeper and timekeeper for the Ohio Southern Railway, acting in that capacity until 1887, with headquarters in this city. He next became freight agent for the Indiana, Bloomington & Western Railroad and for the Ohio Southern Railroad, as joint agent, and was retained in that position until 1895, when he, resigned to engage in an independent business venture. He began dealing in coal and ice, entering into partnership with Warren D. Myers, under the firm name of Beckley & Myers. Their business prospered from the beginning, and soon they became extensive dealers in these commodities. They now have a very large trade, employing from twenty-five to thirty men, and about an equal number of wagons are used in the conduct of their business. Their trade is both wholesale and retail, with office on Limestone street and large yards on the corner of Mechanic and Washington streets, having connection at each place with the Big Four Railroad. In 1887 Mr. Beckley was united in marriage to Miss Clara Huben, a native of Springfield, and a daughter of Henry and Louise (Rohrer) Huben, who were old citizens of this place and highly respected by all. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Beckley has been born one son. Henry A. In his political affiliations the subject of this review is a Democrat and in 1931 was appointed by Mayor Milligan a member of the advisory board of public affairs to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of T. S. Elliott. and on the expiration of the term was re-appointed for a term of two years, and during that time took a very active interest in the improvement of the city. Mr. Beckley is also a director of the Merchants & Mechanics Building & Loan Association, with which he has been thus identified since its organization in 1892. Prominent in the ranks of the Masonic fraternity, he holds membership in Anthony Lodge, No. 455, F. & A. M.; Springfield Chapter, No. 48. R. A. M.: Springfield Council. No. 17. R. & S. M. ; and Palestine Commandery. No 33, K. T. DAVID STEWART. More than two-thirds of a century ago. on the farm where he now lives, David Stewart first opened his eves to the light of day, his birth occurring August 20. 1833, in Green township. He is a son of James and Jane ( Elder) Stewart. His father was born and reared in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, and was there married. after which he came THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 39 with his wife to Ohio, living for a time in Hamilton county. whence he removed to the farm upon which our subject now lives, in 1814. Here he became the owner of seven hundred acres of land. He was a very industrious man. and through his untiring labor and careful control of his business affairs he accumulated a comfortable competence, which supplied him with all the comforts of life during his later years. He lived to the advanced age of seventy-six years, passing away in April, 1857. In the family were ten children. all of whom reached mature years, with one exception, while six are still living. Elijah died in this county. Ann Ingram became the wife of James Cowan. by whom she had one son. Tames, who is now living in Green township. Her second.' husband was David Torrence. by whom she had two children who are yet- living. Her third husband was Samuel Barnett. with whom she is now living in Xenia. James E. is a resident of Yellow Springs, Mary P. is the wife of David Millen, of Xenia. Eliza became the wife of Harvey Jobe and is now deceased. John E. is a resident of Nebraska. Susannah died in early womanhood. David is the next of the family. Sarah Adeline became the wife of Bancroft, by whom she had one child. Stewart Bancroft. She afterward married William C. crofters. and there were no children by the second union. Her third husband is J. W. Marshall. and they are now living in Xenia. David Stewart, whose name introduces this record, grew to manhood upon the old home farm. He attended school when it was not necessary to assist in farm work. but his educational privileges were somewhat limited, as his services were so often in demand in field and meadow. After his father's death he continued to live with his mother and care for her. The former passed away in 1857. and the latter in 1863. In the meantime Mr. Stewart was married, on the 11th of January, 1859, in Green township, to Miss Laura McKeehan, who was born near Fredericktown. Maryland. Five children have been born of this union : Carrie E.. who is acting as her father's housekeeper ; Estella, who became the wife of John Brough Rife and lives in Greene county with their two children. Merrill and Cecil: Anna May is the widow of Cargill Morton, and they have one child, Grace. James McKeehan is a resident of Xenia. David Edwin, the youngest. is engaged in dealing in horses. Mr. Stewart of this review inherited one hundred and thirty acres of land, to which he has added until his possessions now aggregate two hundred and ten acres. He has remodeled and improved the buildings upon his place, and his farm is now attractive in appearance and well equipped with modern accessories. In 1864 he proved his loyalty to the Union by enlisting in the National Guard, with which he was called out for one hundred days' service. He was in West Virginia. doing guard duty during that period. In politics he is a Republican. and for seven consecutive terms he served as township trustee, yet he has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking. Reared in the faith of the United Brethren church, he afterward became .a member of the Presbyterian church of Clifton. with which he now holds membership. and in which he has long been a trustee. In 1873 he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife. a most estimable lady, who died in that Year. Since that time his daughter has acted as his housekeeper. Mr. Stewart is well known in the 40 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. county of his nativity, having a wide acquaintance. among whom he numbers many stanch and earnest friends. AMAZIAH WINGER. Faithfulness to duty and strict adherence to a fixed purpose in life will do more to advance a mans interests than wealth or advantageous circumstances. The successful men of the day are they who have planned their own advancement and have accomplished it in spite of many obstacles and with a certainty that could have been attained only through their own efforts. This class of men has a worthy representative in Amaziah Winger, who began life amid unfavorable circumstances and has steadily worked his way upward until he occupies an enviable position in industrial circles, being superintendent and one of the stockholders of the Superior Drill Company. Mr. Winger was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. September 13, 1835, upon a farm. and is a representative of one of the old families of the Keystone state, coming of Holland Dutch and Swiss ancestry. The representatives of the name are very numerous in Pennsylvania. The parents, Jacob and Catherine (Trout) Winger, were both natives of Pennsylvania, the former born in 1810 and the latter in 1809. They remained in the state of their nativity until 1837, when they came to Springfield, Ohio, and here the father engaged in carpentering and building for many years, be- ing well known in building- circles. He possessed natural mechanical ability and was an expert workman. His. death occurred in 1886, and his wife eased away in 1890. They were the parents of ten children, six of whom are yet living, while three of the number died in early childhood. Hezekiah was a soldier in the Civil war for four years going to the front with Mason's Zouaves. of the Second Ohio Regiment, hut died in Springfield in 1865. The others are—Amaziah : Mrs. Catherine Ramsay, of Cheboygan. Michigan : Mrs. John A. Sites, who is a widow living in Denver, Colorado; George W. who is bookkeeper of the First National Bank of Springfield: John M., who is connected with the Superior Drill Company ; and Marv, the wife of Theodore Troupe, a druggist. George was also a soldier of the Civil war. having gone to the front with the One Hundred and Fifty-second Ohio Regiment. With the exception of our subject all were born in Springfield and the educational privileges which they enjoyed were those afforded by the public schools here. Amaziah Winger, like the others, attended the public school of this city, and entering upon his business career he became an employe in a lumber yard. In 1858 he embarked in the same line f business for himself, as a member of the firm of Simpson, Yarnell & Company, lumber manufacturers and jobbers, located at the corner of Washington and Limestone streets. In 1862 Mr. Winger sold his business interests and enlisted in the Union army as a member of Company A, Ninety-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He saw service at the battles of Perryville, Stone River. Chickamauga, the Atlanta campaign, and participated in the siege of the city, was with Sherman on the march to the sea, then took part in the Carolina campaign and was afterward in the THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 43 grand review at Washington.  He was never wounded or incapacitated for duty in any way, and was always found at his post of duty as a faithful defender of the stars and stripes. He received an honorable discharge on the 5th of June, 1865, and with a most creditable military record returned to his home. Mr. Winger then purchased an interest n a lumber business, becoming a member of he firm of Hayward & Winger. In January, 1885, he became interested in the Superior Drill Company, accepting a position Is superintendent and has since devoted his entire attention to fostering the growth of his business, which has assumed good proportions and now yields a desirable profit to its stockholders. Mr. Winger is a man of resourceful business ability, and has been an active factor in the successful control of other enterprises. He was a director of the Lagonda Bank, was one of the organizers and one of the first directors of the Merchants & Mechanics Loan Association. and is a director of the Springfield Savings Bank. He is also a member of the board of trade and has served ou a number of important committees. In this city, in 1867, Mr. Winger was united in marriage to Miss Mary Crothers, who died in 1872. leaving two daughters. Frances and Laura. the former a graduate of a college in Yonkers, Pennsylvania, and the latter of a college in Hollidaysburg, Pennsylvania. In 1876 Mr. Winger was again married. his second union being with Mrs. Mary B. Torbert, the widow of James Torbert. She was born in Lebanon, Ohio, and is a daughter of Tames Barr. of that place. who removed from Lebanon to Springfield and was afterward connected with manufacturing interests in Cincinnati, Ohio. After the war he engaged in the life insurance business for a time. Mr. Winger served as a member of the city council for one year and in politics has always been a Republican. He belongs to Mitchell Post. No. 45, G. A. R., and is also a member of the commandery of the Loyal Legion. of Ohio. He holds membership in Clark Lodge, No. 101. F. A. M.: Springfield Chapter. R. A. M.: Springfield Council. R. 8: S. M.: and Palestine Commandery, K. T. Both he and his wife belong to the Presbyterian church, taking a very active part in its work and upbuilding. For a number of years he was one of the church trustees and is now serving as deacon. He .s a liberal contributor to charitable work Ind to the Young Men's Christian Association. being particularly interested in the latter organization. He has also been a generous friend to the Clark Memorial Home and his wife is serving as a member )f its board. of and also of the board of managers of the Children's Home. While he has led a very busy and useful life he has realized that the character of a man is shown by the use which he makes of his financial success and he has freely given of his means to various worthy objects, because of his deep interest therein. His record as a soldier and as a citizen, as a gentleman and a man of honor is one worthy of high commendation and of emulation. CHRISTIAN A. SCHUSTER. Since 1874 Christian A. Schuster has been closely and actively identified with industrial circles in Springfield and his influence in public affairs has also been potent. 44 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. At the present time he is serving as a member of the city council, while his business relation is that of a member of the firm of Peet & Schuster, partners in a galvanized iron and roofing business of this city. Our subject was born in Erie county, New York, near Buffalo. on the 8th of February, 1848. opening his eyes there to the light of day upon his father's farm. He is a son of Christian and Elizabeth (Hauck) Schuster, both of whom were natives of Alsace, Loraine, Germany. The former was eighteen years of age when he crossed the Atlantic to the new world, while his wife. who still survives him, is now living near Buffalo, at the age of eighty-seven years. They were married in this country, located upon a farm and amid the surroundings of rural life reared their family of seven children, f whom two are now deceased. Dewald was killed in the army during the Civil war when going with Sherman from Atlanta to the sea, and Jacob died in Florida at the age of twenty-six years. The surviving members of the family are Magdalena. the wife of Jacob Janes, who resides near Buffalo ; Elizabeth, the wife of George B. Walter, who is living in Florida; George H., a resident of Goshen, Indiana ; Christian A. ; and Caroline, the wife of Josiah Young, who makes his home in Green Springs, Ohio. In the common schools of Erie county, New York, the children were educated and were reared upon the home farm. The father had firm faith in Republican principles and gave his support to the men and measures of the party and served in a few local minor offices. He located in Erie county, New York, when he could obtain government land there, which fact is an indication that. he was one of the first settlers. Like the others of the family, Christian A. Schuster was educated in the common schools and remained upon the home farm until he vas sixteen years of age, when he was apprenticed to learn the trade of tin and sheet metal worker, in Buffalo. In 1866 he came to Ohio.. locating first at Fremont and afterward in Toledo. Subsequently he removed to Goshen, Indiana, living also in Elkhart. and in 1869-70 was in Chicago, leaving the latter city in the spring of 1871. He then came to Springfield and made a permanent location here. embarking in business on his own account in 1874. as a partner of T. E. Peet, under the firm name of T. D. Peet Co. That association was maintained until the death of the senior partner and then the present company was incorporated under the firm name of the Peet Schuster Company, of which Mr. Schuster has been president and general manager since its organization. They do all kinds of sheet metal work and roofing. and manufacture all classes of products needed in their business. including sheet metal, tin. slate. tile. iron and composition roofings. Their contract work extends over a territory embracing both Ohio and Indiana and they ship their products to various parts of the country. They began business on a small scale but the trade has gradually grown larger until it has assumed large and profitable proportions. Mr. Schuster has given his entire attention to the development of the business, which, since 1873, has been carried on at No. 28Y; South Fountain avenue. In 1876 Mr. Schuster was united in marriage to Miss Mary Kershner, who was born in Springfield in 1856 and died in 1887. Of the other children, one died in infancy and the others are : Rosamond G., THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 45 Bertha E. and Robert C. The first two are graduates of the high school. In 1890, in his city, Mr. Schuster was again married, his second union being with Julia Miller, who was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, in 1864, and died in 1901. They had two children: Mary B. and Ruth M. A believer in Republican principles M. Schuster always supports the men and measures of the party by his ballot and upon is ticket he was elected to the city council in 1897, and has twice been re-elected, o that he has continuously served in that office. He has been a member of various important positions and has put forth earnest and effective efforts for the welfare and progress of the community. In 1901 he served as president of the city council and n the same year was a member of the library board of the city. He is a member of he Commercial Club : belongs to Anthony Lodge, F. & A. M.: Springfield Chapter, R. M.: Springfield Council. R. & S. M.; Palestine Commandery, K. T.: the Scotish Rite bodies of Dayton. and the Consistory of Cincinnati. He was one of the organizers and charter members of the Champion City Guards of Springfield, and is a consistent member of the High street Methodist Episcopal church.   REESE GARRETT CALVERT. Reese Garrett Calvert well deserves representation in this volume, because he is one of the persistent, most energetic and wide-awake merchants of Selma, where he is also filling the position of postmaster. He is now engaged in dealing in grain, coal, lumber and seeds and in this line has built up a business 'hose growth has resulted from his earnest purpose and honorable dealing. A native of Pennsylvania, Mr. Calvert was born in Delaware county January 21, 1857, and is a on of Thomas L. and Elizabeth (Paist) Calvert. He is also a descendant of Cecil Calvert—Lord Baltimore—who was the founder of the colony of Maryland. He spent his early boyhood days upon a farm and when he was about ten years f age he accompanied his parents on their removal to Philadelphia, where he continued until he came to Ohio, as a youth of eleven years. He made his home with his uncle. Joshua Harrison, until 1876. He lad attended both the public and select schools in Pennsylvania, and thus acquired good practical English education. At the age of nineteen he began clerking in a general store, owned by the firm of Hollingsworth & Company, of Selma, and remained .n their employ for four years, a fact which indicates that he gave excellent satisfaction by capable service. He afterward removed to West Liberty, Iowa, where he engagd in clerking until 1883. In that year he returned to Clark county and, entering into partnership, bought out a store f his former employer, the new firm being organized under he naive of Calvert. Brother & Company. Our subject and his brother remained in this business until 1892, when Reese G. Calvert purchased his brother's interest. In 1892 they established a private bank, which was conducted until 1894. In the latter year the firm divided its interest, Mr. Wildman continuing as proprietor of the mercantile department, while our subject took as his interest f the business, a grain. coal, lumber and seed department, and in this line of commercial activity he has since conduct- 46 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ed a growing trade, yielding to him a good income. In the year 1883 he was appointed postmaster and served in that capacity until 1892, when he retired from the office as he had entered it—with the confidence and good will of all concerned. In 1898 he was reappointed to that office and has since been the incumbent. In the same year he had become ticket and freight agent in Selma for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Mr. Calvert was married at Richmond, Indiana, on the 28th of July, 1885, to Miss Ethel Kirk, of that city. She was born in the village of Eagletown, Hamilton county, Indiana, November 4, 186o, and is a daughter of Charles W. and Rachel (Hollingsworth) Kirk, who on leaving her native place removed to Darlington, Indiana, where the father entered upon the active practice of medicine, continuing there until Mrs. Calvert was about fourteen years of age. His health then gave way under his strenuous professional duties and he removed to Kokomo, Indiana, where he and his brother engaged in the practice of dentistry. In 1878 Dr. Kirk was appointed superintendent of an Indian boarding .school on the Wyandot, Seneca and Shawnee reservation and Mrs. Calvert began teaching there when she was eighteen years of age. After two years, however, she returned to Indiana and entered Earlham College at Richmond, being there graduated in the class of 1885. In 1884 her father gave up the superintendency of the Indian school and returned to Richmond for a year's rest. Mrs. Calvert frequently visited at her uncle's home in Ohio and here had become acquainted with the subject of this review as early as 1876. About a month after her graduation she gave him her hand in marriage. The same  year her parents returned to the Indian Territory in the interest of the Society of Friends and Dr. Kirk retained his former position until his death, passing away while engaged in active missionary work there. He died September 9. 1893, in Shawneetown. Oklahoma. and was laid to rest in the midst of the field where he had labored so earnestly and acceptably. His wife still carries on the missionary work among the Kickapoo Indians. Dr. Kirk was born in Richmond, Indiana. April 7, 1836. and was a son of Israel and Sarah (Test) Kirk, the former a native of Pennsylvania, and the latter of New Tercsty. The grandfather of Mrs. Calvert died when her father was about five years of age. He had been a miller and his mill was destroyed by fire a short time before his death. so that the family was left in somewhat straitened financial circumstances, but Dr. Kirk managed to obtain a good education through his own efforts and was thus qualified for the teacher's profession. which he followed in different schools in early life. After his marriage he continued teaching for about two years, when he took up the study of medicine and was graduated in the Miami Medical College with the class of 1867. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Calvert have been born three children : Cecil Kirk, who was born in Selma, Ohio, August 3, 1886 ; Edward Harrison. born January 21, 1889 ; and Rachel Grace, born November 2, 1890. The Calvert family is one f prominence in the community, widely known, and amid a large acquaintance our subject and his wife number many warm friends, who hold them in high regard. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 47 ROBERT ELDER. The business interests of Selma find in Robert Elder a worthy representative. He is engaged in dealing in general merchandise and agricultural implements. carrying a well selected stock, whereby he secures from the public a liberal patronage, which he justly merits because his business methods are honorable and he earnestly desires to please his patrons. He was born upon a farm in Green township, Clark county, January 16, 1872, and is a son of Robert N. and Julia A. ( Stewart) Elder. The home farm remained his playground in youth and was also the training school for his business career, as he learned there habits of industry, enterprise and perseverance. His literary education was acquired in the country schools of the neighborhood and at the age of twenty-three years he entered upon his mercantile career as a salesman in a store. After two years he purchased a half interest in the store and in 1899 became sole proprietor and is now conducting an extensive business, which is constantly increasing owing to his well conducted business affairs, his keen foresight and executive ability. On the 14th of September, 1898, Mr. Elder was united in marriage in Selma to Miss Rachel Wildman, a daughter of William and Eliza ( Harrison) Wildman, who are residents of Madison township. They have two children. Robert Newell, born September 8. 1899 : and Lois, born December 1900. Mr. Elder is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, but his wife Was reared in the faith of the Society of Friends. He votes with the Republican party, takes an active interest in its work and has been a delegate to various conventions. He is now a member of the central committee for the Selma precinct of Madison township. As a citizen he is interested and active in the welfare of town and county, has served on school board, as election officer and cashier of Ohio State Fair, and his worth is widely acknowledged because of what he has done in behalf of the general good. THOMAS E. MATTINSON. Thomas E. Mattinson, who is engaged in general farming and stock raising in Madison township, was born in this township on the 23rd of October, 1849, and his continuous residence here is an indication that Clark county offers good business opportunities to its native sons. His parents were Matthew and Margaret (Evans) Mattinson, who removed to the farm upon which our subject now resides when he was about eight years of age. Here he was reared to manhood. He has turned the furrows upon many a field and the sun has shone down and ripened the grain which he planted until the golden sheaves were harvested and the grain became a marketable commodity. The common schools afforded Mr. Mattinson his education. He was the third in a family of six children and bore his part in the work of the farm, and also enjoyed his share of the advantages provided in the home circle. He continued under the parental roof until 188i. It was on the 1st of December, of that year, that Mr. Mattinson was united in marriage to Miss Emma Clemans, of Madison township, Clark county. where she was born, her parents being William and Catherine (Schickendantz) Clemans. There is one 48 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. child of this marriage. Edwin, who was born April 2F:, 1887. The wife and mother died April 19. 1900. and was lard to rest in Green Lawn cemetery in South Charleston. Mr. Mattinson belongs to the Presbyterian church of South Charleston and in his political views is a Republican, haying continually supported the party since he cast his first presidential vote for Grant in 1872. He has never been an office seeker, preferring to give his whole time and attention to his business affair s. He inherited two hundred acres from his father, and his farm is now a valuable tract with substantial buildings and modern improvements and in its neat and thrifts- appearance it indicates the careful supervision of a wide-awake and enterprising owner. J. S. HARSHMAN. During his residence in Clark county the subject of this 'biography has gained distinctive recognition as one of the leading financiers and business men not only of Springfield, but of this portion of the state, having shown a marked capacity for the conduct of affairs of great breadth. One of his salient characteristics is his ability to recognize favorable opportunities and to utilize these for ends of business advancement. He is prominently known in connection with electric railway construction and in this way has not only added to his own wealth. but has proven a benefactor to the community, for business advancement depends perhaps more largely upon rapid transportation than any other agency outside of the direct line of trade. He is today the president of the Dayton, Springfield & Urbana Electric Railway Company and has been connected with the prosperous conduct of a number of other electric lines. Honored and respected by all, there is no man who occupies a more honorable position in financial, commercial and industrial circles than does J. S. Harshman, not alone on account of the great success he has achieved. but also on account of his honorable, straightforward business policy which he has ever followed. Mr. Harshman is one of Ohio's native sons, his birth having occurred in the village which bears the family name. in Montgomery county, January 26. 1863. He is a son of George W. and Anna V. ( Rohor) Harshman, both of whom were natives of Ohio., the father representing an old Maryland family that was established in the new world by ancestors who came from Germany and took up their abode in Maryland. Later representatives of the name sought a home in Ohio and became pioneer residents of Montgomery county. in early life the father of our subject was engaged in manufacturing and later turned his attention to merchandising. He was largely interested in real estate, owning a number of good farms in Montgomery and other counties. As the years passed he acquired wealth and in addition to his landed possessions he won an honorable. name because of his just and straightforward dealings. He died in the village of Harshman in 1898. respected and honored by all who knew him. His career excited the admiration of those with whom he was associated and at the same time gained for him the confidence and good will of all. J. S. Harshman whose name introduces this record, pursued his preliminary education in the schools of his native village and subsequently became a student in a select