450 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In the spring prior to his marriage Mr. Ballentine had purchased seventy acres of land and soon after his marriage he and his wife removed to that farm, upon which he lived throughout his remaining days. As time passed he added to the place, investing his savings in further property, until he. became the owner of valuable land, comprising a farm of one hundred and seventy acres, which he placed under a high state of cultivation, the well tilled fields bringing to him a good return for his labor, He was enterprising and energetic, made the most of his opportunities and through his diligence acquired a comfortable competence. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Ballentine were born eleven children, of whom five are still living. Of those who passed away James was eighteen years of age at the time of his death, and the others dies in infancy, Clara. the wife of John Gave, had five children—David, Clarney E., Edgar Lamar, Della Myrtle, and Florence Belva. The last named was the eldest and died at the age of fourteen years. Ada, the second surviving daughter of Mrs. David Ballentine, became the wife of Oliver Rust and has five children —Grace Adele, Clinton Luther, Roydon Earl, Lottie Gail and Oliver. McClellan, who lives in German township, married Ida Michael, and their children are—Pearl S,, Estella G., Ernest, Glennie May, Emery and Bertha Loretta. Martin Luther married Rosa Donovan, and with their one son, Paul Lamar, resides in Springfield, John W., the Youngest, wedded Maggie Wilson and lives in Lawrenceville, Mr. Ballentine was a Democrat in his political affiliations, He was pleasing in personal appearance, being a man five feet, eight inches in height, heavy set, well proportioned, and with black hair and eyes. In manner he was rather reserved and retiring, but when once his friendship was gained he was always true and loyal, holding friendship inviolable, He was a temperate man and to his family a devoted husband and father, His personal characteristics were such that they endeared him greatly to those who knew him best. He passed away in 1885 at the age of seventy-one years and was laid to rest in Lawrenceville cemetery. where Mrs. Ballentine has erected a tasteful monument to his memory, His life was characterized by diligence in business, by honesty in all transactions and it won for him the respect and confidence of those with whom he was associated. He left to his widow sixty acres of land and also the home in which she lives in German township, so that she is well provided for and is able to enjoy the comforts as well as the necessities of life. She is an estimable lady who is widely known and has many friends in Clark county. CHARLES V. BRETNEY. The record of an honorable, upright life is always read with interest and better perpetuates the name and fame. of the subject than does a monument. seen by few and soon crumbling into dust beneath the relentless hand of time, The history of Charles Van Bretney well deserves mention in. this volume, for he was long classed among the representatives of Springfield, where he conducted a successful business and his course was one which would serve to inspire others, as it showed. what could 'be accomplished through determination, laudable ambition and faithful adherence to the ethics which govern commercial life. He died re- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 451 spected by all who knew him., because of his honorable career and his genial manner, which won for him many friends. Mr. Bretney was born in Springfield, .March 9, 1836, and was a son of Henry and Lucinda (Van Meter) Bretney. His father was born in Hagerstown, Maryland in 1796 and when a child was brought to Ohio by his father, Tobias Bretney. The latter was a native of Pennsylvania and was left an orphan in early childhood, He was reared, however, in the Keystone state and afterward went to Maryland, whence he removed to Ohio, settling in Cincinnati. Later he took up his abode in Lebanon, Warren county, Ohio, and there established the first tannery in this section of the state. He was a man of some means and in his business affairs he prospered, for he applied himself closely to his work, and by his thorough understanding of his trade, his close application and unremitting diligence worked his way steadily upward until he had acquired a competence. A devout and earnest member of the Methodist church, he was one of the standard bearers of the organization to which he belonged and devoted much time and money to the cause of Christianity, He is a Democrat in political affiliations. His wife was long a sufferer from rheumatism and for nineteen years was unable to work, but she bore her affliction with Christian fortitude and patience. Her death occurred in 1845, when she was seventy years of age, and Tobias Bretney passed away in 1853 at the very advanced age of ninety-three years, both being interred in Lebanon, Ohio, Unto this worthy couple were born thirteen children, ten of whom reached years of maturity : Elizabeth Sinnard, of Hamilton county, Ohio: Henry, the father of our subject : William. of Warren county, Ohio; Sarah, the wife of William Lakin, of Clermont county, Ohio; Mary, the wife of John Lakin, also of Clermont county; Joseph, who was a graduate of the Philadelphia Medical College and died in Holly Springs, Mississippi, where he was engaged in the practice of medicine; Rebecca, the wife of Richard Ritchey, of Lebanon., Ohio; Tobias, who died at the age of nineteen years; Nancy, the wife of Dr. Nathan Thompson; Clarissa C., the wife of Nathan Nesbitt ; and Allen, now deceased. From his early childhood Henry Bretney, the father of our subject, resided in Ohio, and in 1830 he came to Springfield, where he established a tannery, which has since been carried on and has never gone out of the possession of the family. He was succeeded by Charles Van Bretney, and at the latter's death his son, Harry Van Meter Bretney, became the owner and is still conducting the business. Henry Bretney was widely recognized as one of Springfield's best business men in an early day, He was progressive, wide-awake .and enterprising and was thoroughly reliable in all his trade transactions. In the manufacture of leather he displayed a comprehensive knowledge of the business and of the best methods of carrying on the work and his products always found a ready sale on the market. His patronage steadily increased until he was at the head of a large and paying business. He was twice married and by his first union he had one child, but the mother and daughter are both now deceased, By his second marriage there were born four children : Sarah, the deceased wife of Joseph Van Meter; Wickliffe, who is living in Kentucky ; Gifford ; and Charles Van. The father passed away in 1869 and was laid to rest in Ferncliff cemetery. His wife survived him until 452 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 1876 and then she, too, was interred in Ferncliff, Charles Van Bretney, whose name introduces this record, was born, reared and educated in Springfield, and throughout his entire life remained a resident of this city, He won for himself a leading position in trade circles, gained an honorable name and at his death left behind many friends, who still cherish his memory. In early youth he became interested in his father's leather business, and, working in the different departments, he became familiar with the trade in principle and detail, Upon his father's death he succeeded to the ownership of the enterprise and from. that time until his own demise he remained at its head, faithfully carrying on an industry which had become of much importance in trade circles of the city, through furnishing employment to a large number of workmen. At the same time it brought to him a good financial return, owing to his careful guidance of his bUsiness affairs. At his death his son succeeded to the management and the business is now carried on under the name of H. V. Bretney & Company. On the 5th of July, 1866, Charles Van Bretney was united in marriage to Miss Josephine H. Clarke. a native of Virginia and a daughter of William and Sarah ( Hansberger) Clarke. Her parents were married in Virginia and in the fall of 1849 came to Ohio, settling in Urbana, where they remained until called to their final rest, Unto Mr. and Mrs, Bretney were born nine children : Lee Clarke, who died at the age of eleven years: Harry Van Meter : Lucinda : Sarah, who died in childhood : Charles William, who is residing in New York City Leontine; Clara; Ralph and Josephine. All of the children are still at home with the ex ception of Charles, and with their mother reside at No, 313 East High street, in Springfield. The family is one of prominence in the community and the members of the household occupy an enviable position in social circles in which they move, Mr. Bretney indorsed the principles of the Republican party and gave his earnest support to the organization, believing it the duty of each American citizen to take an active part in political affairs so far as supporting by ballot the measures in which one believes. At one time he served as a mein-her of the city council and while in of put forth every effort to promote the welfare and substantial improvement of the city along lines of progress and reform. He was a faithful member of the High Street Methodist Episcopal church and served on its official board. In 1893 he was called to the home beyond, his death occurring on the 5th of December, He was then Lid to rest in Ferncliff cemetery amid the deep regard of all who had known him. While he gained success in business, he had also won an untarnished name. He was popular because he was always genial and approachable. His friendship was highly prized by those who knew him and he was always one who held friendship as inviolable and home ties as sacred, SAMUEL HOUGHTON There is particular satisfaction in reverting to the life history of the honored and venerable man whose name initiates this review since his mind bore the impress of the historical annals of the state of Ohio from the early pioneer times down to the twentieth THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 455 century, and from the fact that he was ever a loyal son of the Republic. He attained to a position of distinctive prominence the thriving city where he long resided, and in his later years was regarded as one of the revered patriarchs of the community, He passed away at the age of ninety-two, but in his latter days was a remarkably well preserved man, for nature is kind to those who oppose not her laws and Mr. Houghton ever had due regard for the principles of right living. He witnessed the development of this country through almost an entire century and ever felt a just pride in what has been accomplished as the nation has progressed, taking its place among the great powers of the world. Mr. Houghton was born in Gilford, Vermont, December 24, 1810. His paternal grandfather, John Houghton, was long a resident of Green Mountain state and lived to attain the remarkable age of one hundred and four years. He came of English ancestors who were among the first settlers of New England, His wife bore the maiden name of Miss Hoyt and among their children was Samuel Houghton, Sr., whose 'birth occurred in Brattleboro, Vermont, October 15, 1781. He became a farmer and also had other business interests of importance, being engaged in the manufacture of brick. His activity in commercial and financial circles made him a valued citizen of the community with which he was identified, and he thus left the impress of his individuality upon its material advancement. He married Polly Chamberlain, a daughter of Benjamin Chamberlain. Samuel Houghton of this review was the fourth in order of birth of the fourteen children born of this marriage, Ten of the number reached mature years and five were married, having families of their own. In early life, he pursued. his education in a private school and was afterward for three months a student in a public school, but at an early age he put aside his text books in order to assist his father, who at that time was engaged in the manufacture of brick. When he had attained his majority he accepted a position as clerk in the postoffice at Brattleboro, Vermont, at a salary of ten dollars per month. When three years had passed, however, he resigned the position and returned to his home to assist his father, who paid him twelve dollars per month, He was thus engaged for a few years and on the expiration of that period sought a home in the west, believing that he might have better business opportunities in a country less thickly settled. Accordingly, he went to Michigan City, Indiana, where he entered into partnership with his brother-in-law, Rodney Field. This association was maintained for seven years, on the expiration of which period Mr, Houghton sold out and turned his attention to the milling business, operating what was known as the City Mills, located in the vicinity of Michigan City. He continued in that business for one and one-half years and then resigned his position preparatory to returning to Vermont. He spent four years in his native state and was then again attracted by the possibilities of the west. In the year 1849 Mr. Houghton became a resident of Clifton, Greene county, Ohio, where he engaged in the grocery business for several years, securing a good patronage which made his enterprise a profitable one. When Mr. Houghton established this business his entire cash capital consisted of but sixty dollars. In the year 1856 he came to Springfield and entered into partnership 456 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD with George Frenkenburg, under the firm name of Frenkenburg & Houghton, Together they carried on business for thirteen months and then the senior member of the firm sold his interest to Mr. Muzzy, this latter partnership continuing for seven years. The firm engaged in the grocery business, and on the expiration of that period they sold out to John Winters, who carried on the business for some time thereafter, At that time Mr. Houghton returned to Vermont on business. When his work in the east was accomplished he again came to Springfield and entered into partnership with William Crothers, as a. merchant, Their store was conducted for thirteen years, at the end of which time Mr. Crothers died. Mr. Houghton then became sole proprietor of the enterprise and was well known as a leading and prominent business man of the city until his retirement to private life. He carried a large and well selected stock of goods and his careful management, enter. prise and business activity resulted in gaining for him very desirable success. In August, 1836, Mr, Houghton was united in marriage to Miss Cora A. Field, of Gilford, Vermont, who had been a schoolmate in his youth. She died in 1875. In 1886 Mr. Houghton married Mrs. Anna Herr, a most estimable lady, and Mrs. Houghton now occupies apleasant home in the city of Springfield at No. 19 South Factory street. In his political views Mr. Houghton was a pronounced Republican, giving an inflexible support to the party from its organization, For four years he was a trustee of the Children's Home, He was a church member from 1835 until the time of his death, filling many offices in the church, including that of sexton and warden. Up to the time of his death he was in possession of his faculties and gave his personal supervision to the greater part of his business interests, and while not connected with mercantile affairs for some years, he had investments requiring constant attention. By energy and good management he won a place among the substantial residents of this city, He died November 1, 1902. He stood in his old age when clothed with honor of wealth and a host of friends which his life work won, just where he stood as a young man beset with difficulties, for the best elements of Christian progress, for education, for absolute justice, for the dignity of manual labor, for the church and the widespread of the gospel. Such lives are well worthy of study. Though his early education was meager, he achieved for himself, by conflict with obstacles and by continuous interest in every question of the age, an education which the profoundest thinkers might covet and which the thoughtful lines of his face and the simplicity of his bearing at once revealed. The story of his achievements must inspire all young men who read it with a truer estimate of the value and of the surer rewards of character. JOHN REDDISH, M. D Dr. John Reddish, who is now practically living retired at his pleasant home at 229 West Jefferson street, Springfield, was born near Fletcher Chapel, in Harmony township, this county, on the 3d of October, 1827; and is a son of Nathan and Harriet (Oxtoby) Reddish. The father was born near Kingston. Somerset county, Maryland, December 29, 1783, and was there reared THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 457 to manhood. He learned the tanner's and currier's trade there and when a young man came to what is now Clark county, Ohio, establishing the first tannery near Clifton about 1807. A little later he removed to Springfield township, settling on section 14, near the headwaters of Mill Run, and established a tannery at what is now known as Locust Grove, He was three times married, the Doctor being a son of the third union. His first wife bore the maiden name of Matilda. Miller and unto them were born five children. For his second wife he chose Mary McCleve. On the 26th of November, 1826, he was united in marriage to Mrs. Harriet Loomis, nee Oxtoby, When the war of 1812 was in progress Nathan Reddish joined the army, serving with the militia at Zane's blockhouse near Bellefontaine, Ohio, near the headwaters of Mad river, While defending that place he was wounded by an arrow shot from an Indian's bow. Later in life he purchased a farm, upon which he lived in practical retirement, for his business ventures and investments in land had brought to him capital sufficient to enable him to put aside the more arduous duties of life. He had two farms, a part of one being now owned by Dr, Reddish, After an active, useful and honorable life he passed away July 7, 1853, By his third marriage there were three children, but two of the number died in infancy, In his political affiliations Nathan Reddish was a Whig, but he never sought or desired office. Numbered among the pioneer settlers of the county, he took an active part in its early development and improvement and in this work was associated with Jonathan Donnell, David Lowry and other well known early settlers. He held mem bership in the Baptist church at Muddy Run and was well known as a man of sterling worth and unquestioned integrity. Dr, Reddish of this review was reared upon his father's farm and pursued his education in a log schoolhouse, where he spent a few weeks each winter. When only seven years of age he was taught to handle a gun and when a boy of nine or ten years he hunted wild turkeys and other wild game. When ten years of age he spent one term as a student in a school in Springfield and later a summer session in the preparatory department of Wittenberg College. Much of his youth and early manhood, however, was devoted to farm work, but at the age of twenty-seven years he read medicine for one year under the direction of Dr. Isaac Kay and the following year attended lectures in the Starling Medical College at Columbus, in which institution he was graduated with the degree of M. D, in 1863, His study there, however, was not continuous. After he had spent one year in college he entered the office of Josiah Ramsey, a dentist, in order to learn that profession, but on account of ill health he gave up dentistry, He is now wearing a set of teeth which he made in 1866—the last work that he did as a dentist. He finished the first vulcanized work done in the office of his preceptor and would have undoubtedly become a successful dentist had not circumstances compelled his relinquishment of the work. About the time of the inauguration of the Civil war Dr. Reddish returned to Columbus and completed his course in medicine and surgery, being graduated in February, 1863. He afterward took a trip to the west and located four hundred acres of land about one hundred and fifty miles 458 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD northwest of St. Paul, Minnesota, returning to Ohio in 1866. On the 2nd of October, of that year, the Doctor was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Vicory, a teacher in the public schools of this city. He then removed to his farm in Springfield township, where they lived until 1883. There the Doctor carried on general farming and also engaged in dealing in land, buying and selling many farms in this part of the county. He also became known as a dealer in city real estate and found the business to be profitable, In 1883 he removed to Yellow Springs, where he remained until 1896, and there erected a modern home. In the latter year, however, he disposed of his property interests there and took up his home just outside of the city limits, but in 1897 he came to Springfield, where he has since lived. On the 17th of August, 'g00, he was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife, Two children had been born unto them, but John B. died at the age of seventeen years. Bruce Vicory, born June 30, 1876, is a graduate of Wittenberg College and is now preparing for the Episcopal ministry as a student in the Theological Seminary at Chelsea Square, in New York city, In 1902 the Doctor was married to Mrs. Ella Melus, who was born in Waynesboro, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Amzi and Catherine (Gray) Melius. Mrs. Reddish was reared to womanhood in Pennsylvania and was there married to Charles Melus, by whom she had one daughter, Minnie Gertrude, who became the wife of Charles Ketchen, by whom she has one son, Charles, Jr. Mr. Melus died in Pennsylvania about a year after their marriage. His widow afterward removed to Maryland, and in 1899 cattle to Clark county, Ohio. Dr. Reddish is a Democrat in his political affiliations and in early life was a Whig. his first vote having been cast for Taylor in 1848. In 1856 he supported John C, Fremont and afterward cast his ballot in support of Lincoln, Grant and Greeley. He belongs to the Central Methodist Episcopal church and served as a trustee of the church at Yellow Springs, which he joined in 1886. He was also an active Sunday-school worker there, The Doctor has traveled quite extensively, gaining that broad culture and wide information which only travel can bring. In 1853 he attended the Crystal Palace exposition in New York in 1876 the Centennial exposition in Philadelphia, and in 1888 he took a trip to California, traveling extensively along the Pacific coast. He returned by way of Yellowstone Park. In 1893 he was a visitor at the Columbian exposition in Chicago and in 1901, accompanied by his son, he made a trip to the old world, landing at Liverpool on the 1st of June. Then, on pleasure bent, he traveled to many interesting points in England, Scotland, France, Switzerland, Italy and Germany, making a trip down the Rhine, and also going to Holland and Belgium. He then returned to his native country and he and his wife are now living quietly in their pleasant home in Springfield in the enjoyment of the fruits of his successful business ventures, He is a self-educated and self-made mart. Without any special family or pecuniary advantages in early life, he has worked his way steadily upward, continually broadening his knowledge by reading, travel and investigation, and at the same time acquiring a handsome competence through well directed business efforts and judicious investments. He has a wide acquaintance in the county of his nativity and the cir.cle of his friends is an extensive one. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 459 LEVI ATKINSON. Levi Atkinson, now deceased, was a respected and honored resident of Clark county. He was born on the Jonathan Cheney farm, December 3, 1818, and was reared to farm life. His parents were Cephus and Abigail ( Oren) Atkinson, and our subject accompanied them on their various removals during his youth. They went to Madison county, where they owned a large farm, but afterward sold that property and took up their abode in Champaign county, The father became a wealthy man and gave to each of his children twelve thousand dollars when they were ready to leave the parental roof and start out in life for themselves. They had also been provided with good educational privileges and were thus well equipped for life's responsible duties. Levi Atkinson was united in marriage July 27, 1848, to Miss Mary B, Phillips, who was born in Fairfax, Vermont, April 22, 1827, She was four years old when she came to Ohio, Her father, Seth Phillips, had removed to this state some time before and the mother, Mrs. Nancy (Blake) Phillips, came about 1831, bringing with her her seven children, including Mrs. Atkinson and her twin sister, who were then but four years of age, and two younger children. Mrs. Atkinson received fair educational privileges in her early girlhood, but her mother died when the daughter was only thirteen years of age and she afterward went to work to make her own living, receiving but fifty cents per week, and among her duties was that of milking ten cows each night and morn I no- After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Atkinson lived for some time upon his father's farm. They afterward removed to Greene county, where Mr. Atkinson purchased two hundred and ninety-six acres of land, upon which he spent his remaining days. He became the owner of over thirteen hundred acres, all in one body. His business affairs were capably conducted and his enterprise and untiring labor brought to him very creditable success, Unto Mr, and Mrs. Atkinson were born six children : John O., who is living at Lawrence. Kansas; Mrs, Ann Pennington, of Jamestown, Ohio; Mrs, Laura Larkin; Charles, who died at the age of four years; Seth, who died in 1890; and Gwenn, who married James Armstrong and lives in Denver, Colorado. The father of this family was called to his final rest February 5, 1884, while the mother passed away on the 29th of September, 1901. Mr. Atkinson was a Republican in his political affiliations. He was a birthright Quaker, and his wife joined the Society of Friends. Both were highly esteemed people, whose lives were in harmony with their Christian faith and all who knew them respected them for their sterling worth. In his business affairs as the years passed Mr. Atkinson prospered, and his course was such as to commend him to the confidence and regard of all, He won a handsome competence and was thus enabled to provide well for his family. He left behind a comfortable competence, and also an untarnished name. Mrs. Laura Larkin, his daughter, was born September 2, 1854, obtained a good common school education and afterward became a student at Earlham College at Richmond, Indiana. On the 8th of March, 1874, she gave her hand in marriage to O. M. Larkin and unto them have been born seven children, who are yet living. Paul P., who was born February 24, 1876, in Lyon 460 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. county, Kansas, where the family resided from 1874 until 1879; is at home. Mary F., born in Kansas, November 12, 1877, is the wife of Porter Cook, who is a graduate of Earlham College, and is now a teacher in the high school at Anderson, Indiana, Carl B., born in Greene county, Ohio, November 21, 1880, is now engaged in clerking in a general store in Anderson, Indiana. Lena M., born in Greene county, September 22, 1883, is now a student in a hospital in Denver. Walter J,, born in Stokes township, Madison county, December 30, 1885. is at home. Mark R., born in Madison county November 14, 1892, and Ruby Gwenn. born in Madison county September 12, 1897, are also with their parents, Mrs. Larkin's father gave to each of his children two hundred and thirty acres of land. She sold her share in January, 1902, and has since purchased one hundred and fifty-two acres, upon which she is now living, having a good home here, She is a birthright member of the Quaker church, as are all her children, The Atkinson family and the Larkin family are well ,known in this section of Ohio, where they have gained many friends, IRVINE MILLER, LL. B, The rare example of sons of great men rising as high as their fathers seems to support the notion that there is in this country a sort of hereditary bar to public succession. This class of young men is not judged by their associates, but by their distinguished fathers and to bear an illustrious name seems often to invite the shafts of jealousy and envy. As a western editor has expressed it: "If any scion of a house still honored rises to greatness he will have achieved it. He will not be born to it or have it thrust upon him, but he must be very great indeed to overcome the disadvantage of standing in the shadow of the colossal dead." And yet an honorable ancestry is a precious heritage. This Mr. Miller can claim, and at the same time he has become recognized as a most prominent lawyer at the Springfield bar, A native of Iowa, he was born in the city of Keokuk, June 10, 1860, his parents being Samuel F. and Eliza Winters) Miller. Her paternal grandfather was a soldier of the war of 1812, The father of our subject was a distinguished lawyer and jurist, serving as judge of the supreme court of the United States, to which he was appointed by President Lincoln in 1862, when in his judicial capacity he was called to Washington, D. C, There he died in 1890. He was a native of Kentucky and was a strong antislavery man, whose influence was marked in behalf of the Union, His wife died in 1900 in the nation's capital. Irvine Miller began his education in a private school in Keokuk Iowa, and later attended the public schools at Mount Pleasant, Iowa, and Sharon, Pennsylvania. He was next in a private school at Washington, D. C., for two years, and after that spent three years abroad, continuing his studies in France and Germany and becoming thor- oughly familiar with both languages, so that he was able to read, write and speak each, The following two years were spent at Emerson Institute, in Washington, D. C,, preparing for college, and then entering Cornell University, he was graduated in the class of 1881. He was one of the editors of the Cornell Daily Sun, one of the first college dailies issued, and was one of the directors of the Cornell THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 461 navy.   After leaving college he entered the law school of the National University at Washington, D. C., and was graduated there in 1883 with the degree of LL. B. While a student there Mr. Miller was employed in the patent office as a member of the examining corps. In 1884 he went to Chicago. where he was admitted to practice before the supreme court of Illinois and the United States circuit and district courts. He has always made a specialty of patent law and has been more particularly interested in the mechanical side of the business, in which he has had long and special training. While in Chicago in 1893 he served as judge of awards at the World's Columbian Exposition. in the division of transportation. He built up a good practice in that city along the lines of his specialty, numbering among his clients the Pullman Palace Car Company, Armour & Company and the National Biscuit Company. Mr. Miller remained in Chicago until 1900, when he came to Springfield, Ohio, and associated himself with Harry A. Toulmin, a prominent patent attorney of this city. For the last fifteen years Mr, Miller's principal business has been that of an expert witness on patent cases and in that capacity he is constantly called on in important patent causes in all parts of the country. In 1889 and 1890 he was secretary and disbursing officer for the Sioux commission, composed of ex-Governor Charles Foster, General George Crook and Major William \Varner, of Kansas City, and assisted in negotiating the purchase of several million acres of land from the Sioux Indians in Dakota, Mr. Miller has always been a Republican. while his father was one of the founders of the party, and while in Chicago he was active in city affairs. In the spring of 1900 he was president of the congressional steering committee for James R. Mann and was a delegate to the congressional convention that nominated him for congress. Socially he is a member of the Lagonda Club,. of Springfield. In March, 1902, Mr: Miller was united in marriage to Mrs. Augusta C, Feeney, of Springfield, a daughter of John Conklin, an old resident and prominent business man of this city. They have a pleasant residence at 273 North Fountain avenue. AUGUST STELZER. August Stelzer, a cigar manufacturer, doing business at No. 47 West Main street,. has been identified with the trade interests of Springfield since 1886. He was born in Piqua, Miami county, Ohio, February 8, 1859, and was educated in the German parochial school and in the Piqua high school until he was sixteen years. of age. His father, Reinhart Stelzer, was born in Germany, was a cooper by trade and followed that occupation until his death, which occurred in Piqua in his fifty-eighth year. He had long been a resident of Miami township, His wife, who bore the Maiden name of Barbara Shoepf, was also born in Germany, and died in Piqua, Ohio, when about fifty-six years of age. In their family were seven children, five sons and two daughters, all of whom are yet living. August Stelzer of this review acquired his education in the schools before mentioned and then began to learn the business of manufacturing cigars in Piqua, following that trade there continuously until 1886„ 462 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD with the excepton of one year which he spent in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. He then came to Springfield and entered into business on his own account in partnership with Mr, Kloeb, This connection was maintained for a little more than a year. Since that time Mr. Stelzer has been alone in business. He began operations on a very small scale, but gradually his trade has increased until he now employs fifteen hands in the manufacturing of his goods. He is doing a wholesale business in Springfield and adjacent cities. In 1895 he removed to his present location, where he is now engaged in the manufacture of the Stelzer, a ten-cent cigar, while No. 47, Union Boy, Club and Beauty are his leaders in the fiye-cent goods, In 1887, in Piqua, Ohio, Mr. Stelzer was united in marriage to Miss Emma Franz, who was born in that city in 1865 and was there educated. They now have five children: Walter A.; Edward T, and Marie E., who are twins; Leonard G,; and Paul C. All were born in this city and the family circle vet remains unbroken by the hand of death, The parents hold membership in St. Raphael's church and in politics Mr. Stelzer is a Democrat where questions of state and national importance are involyed, but at local elections he votes independently of party ties. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and of the Ohio division of the United Commercial Travelers. He is likewise connected with the Knights of Columbus, Since 1895 he has resided at No. 60 East Columbia street, where he has provided a good home for his family. In all matters pertaining to the city and the welfare of its people he has taken a deep interest and gives his support. He has never sought official honors, but has been ,content to devote his time and attention to his business affairs, which he has capably managed so that he has gained considerable success. JAMES T. EICHELBARGER. The farming interests of Clark county are well represented by Tames Todd Eichelbarger, whose richly cultivated fields and well improved farm in Green township indicate him to be one of the progressive and intelligent agriculturists of his community. That he has always lived in this locality is a proof that Clark county is kindly in her treatment of her sons and that she offers them good opportunities for acquring wealth. He was born April 29, 1847, in the house which is yet his home, his parents being Michael and Margaret Ann (Todd) Eichelbarger, His father was born in Washington county, Maryland, September 3, 1815, and he spent his boyhood days upon the farm, acquiring a fair common-school education. In Maryland he learned the carpenter's trade and when about twenty-one years of age he came to Clark county, Ohio. Later, however, he, returned to the state of his nativity, but again came to the west, attracted by the opportunities of this section of Ohio, He was married on the 27th of May, 1841, to Margaret Ann Todd, whose birth occurred in Green township, November 21, 1819. He afterward followed the trades of a carpenter and millwright and on the 14th of December, 1844, he purchased a small tract of land of about five acres, on which he built a house and barn, which still stand upon the farm belonging to our subject. There he made his home throughout his remaining days, and he added to his original purchase until he had forty-four THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 463 acres of land. He was never an office seeker and was independent in his political affiliations, His time was largely given to his business affairs and to the enjoyment of home life and he therefore sought no notoriety in political lines. In the family were four children : Frances E., who was born October 13, 1842, and became the wife of Isaac Tuttle; Margaret Ann, who. was July 28, 1845, and is the wife of Jerry Paschall, their home being at 166 Euciid avenue, in Springfield, Ohio: James of this review ; and John William, who was born January 23, 1853, and died December 22, 189o. The father's death occurred January 7, 1867. Under the parental roof Mr, Eichelbarger of this review spent the days of his boyhood and youth and in early life he worked at the carpenter's trade with his father. During his school years he pursued his education in the institutions of learning near his home, He was married December 26, 1872, in Green township, to Miss Mary Eliza Nave, who was born in that township January 22. 1853, a daughter of Jacob and Mary (Knable) Nave, Her father was born in Green township August 20. 1811, and died March 16, 1865. Four children graced the marriage of our subject and his wife : John, born in Green township November 24, 1874 ; Nina, born February 27, 1882 : Claude, who was born December 29, 1884, and died March 21, 1887; and Byron, born August 29, 1890. For several years Mr. Eichelbarger owned a portable sawmill, which Ile operated in different parts of the county, and aster abandoning that line of work he turned his attention to farming, In 1885 he purchased forty-four acres of land where he now lives and has since extended the boundaries of his farm until it comprises fifty acres of rich land. He voted for Grant in 1868 and is. an independent Republican in politics but. has never been an office seeker, ADAM B. PARKER. Adam B. Parker is a retired contractor,. making his home in Springfield. He was born April 22, 1846, in Highland county, Ohio, near Rainsboro, his parents being Samuel and Mary (Kinzer) Parker, On the paternal side he comes of English ancestry and in the maternal line is of Holland lineage. His father was also born in Highland county and his parents were Jonathan and Margaret (Crawford) Parker, The grandfather was a son of Sir Henry Parker, who came from England to America. in company with two brothers and settled in Virginia. The city of Parkersburg, that. state, was named in his honor, Sir Henry and his two brothers were in the Revolutionary war and his brothers died of yellow fever, All three were laid to rest in the cemetery in Parkersburg, Jonathan Parker became one of the pioneer settlers of Highland county. Ohio, and was actively connected with the work of improvement and development when this was a frontier region He made his home in this state until called to his final rest and was well known as a progressive agriculturist. Samuel Parker spent his entire life in Highland county and was known as a successful farmer there. He died August 22, 1863, while his wife passed away January 12, 1861, the. remains of both being interred in Highland county. They were the parents of seven children : William Henry, a resident of Iowa Adam B,; Mrs, Martha Pennington,. 464 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of California ; John, deceased; Mrs. Rebecca Cowgill, who is living in Highland county; Charlotte, the wife of John Barkley, of Springfield ; and Joseph. Adam B. Parker pursued his education in the district schools near his boyhood home and assisted his father in the work of the farm until 1863, when he could no longer content himself to follow the plow when his country was in danger, and enlisted for service in the Union army, being enrolled at Hillsboro as a member of Company A, Second Heavy Artillery. He then went to the front and served until the close of the war, receiving an honorable discharge at Nashville, Tennessee. He was with Sherman's army during the Atlanta compaign, and throughout his military service was always found at his post of duty as a faithful defender of the old flag and the cause it represented, After his return from the army Mr. Parker resumed farming, which he followed for ten years, when on account of ill health he removed to Springfield, in 1875, and entered upon his business career in this city as a contractor and builder, He was thus identified with the improvement of Springfield until 1891, when he retired to private life, except that he is now known as a poultry fancier, having some fine breeds of poultry. He is largely, however, enjoying a well merited rest, but to a man of his energetic nature, to whom indolence and idleness are utterly foreign, it would be impossible to put aside business cares entirely. On the l0th of September, 1868, Mr, Parker was united in marriage to Miss Lydia A, Burgess, a native of Highland county, Ohio, and a lady of English descent. They have seven children : Walter 'Franklin, who married Helen Sholts and resides in Cleveland, Ohio; Beverly B., who married Miss Fedder, and is living in Springfield, his first wife, Mary Grady, having died in February, 1898; Charles, Arthur, Adam Clyde and Robert C., all at home, The family reside at No. 83 South Greenmount avenue. In his political views Mr, Parker is a Republican, firm in his advocacy of the principles of the organization. He once served as assessor of the sixth ward, but otherwise has held no office, nor has he desired political preferment. He and his wife hold membership in the Friends' church at Selma, He has been a successful man, whether following farming, contracting or the poultry business, He has realized that perseverance and energy are two very important conditions of prosperity and upon that foundation he has reared the superstructure of his success. He has always been found faithful in friendship, loyal in citizenship and true to the various duties of life which have come to him as the years have passed. JAMES B. NORTH. James B. North is a retired merchant of Springfield, now living at No, 249 South Limestone street, He has been a resident of this city since 1873 and from that time has been regarded as a valued addition to the ranks of the business men here. He belongs to that class of representative American citizens who, while promoting individual success, also advance general prosperity and contribute to the general good. Mr. North is one of Ohio's native sons, his birth having occurred in the city of Cincinnati on the 7th of June, 1853. He is a THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 465 son of Patrick North, who was born in county West Meath, Ireland, in 1816. The paternal grandfather was James North, who had four children : Patrick K.; James, who died in Selma, Ohio, in 1887; and two daughters. Mary, the elder, was married in Cincinnati, and there died, The other daughter was married and removed to Bridgeport, Connecticut, where her death occurred. The father of these children died in 1863 at the age of seventy-nine years, while living in Selma. All of the family came to this country, leaving no relatives in Ireland, and they remained in close touch with each other until death separated them, When they arrived in Ohio they found the township in which they took up their abode almost an unbroken wilderness. They called it the "Bush', because the timber grew so densely. The father of our subject was educated in the pay schools of his native country and came to America in 184.2, remaining a resident of Bridgeport, Connecticut until 1848, He was there married in July, 1852, to Ann Mangan, who was born in the town of Cooksboro in county West Meath, Ireland, in 1820. Patrick North followed various occupations, devoting his last years to farming in Madison township, having removed to this county in the spring of 1854. He was a hard working man, but never accumulated any property. He was well read and commanded the respect and confidence of his neighbors and friends. He died September 3, 1861, After the death of her husband the widow reared her children, educating them in the public schools of Selma, In the family were five sons and one daughter, who were born in Clark county, while the subject of this review was born in Cincinnati. Two of the sons died in early childhood. Those still living are James B.; Owen E., who is now liying in Harmony township; John Henry, who is engaged in the grocery business at 212 East Pleasant street in Springfield; Mary A., the wife of Charles Armbruster, of Urbana, Ohio; and Joseph S., a clerk in Springfield. It was in the year 1878 that the mother came with Joseph and Mary A, to Springfield, where she died in 1882. She was very devoted to her children and insisted that they should have good educational advantages in order to be well fitted for life's practical duties, She and the others of the family were identified with the Catholic church, and the father of our subject was a Democrat in his political affiliations, At the time of the Civil war, however, he was a Union sympathizer and conducted a station on the famous underground railroad. James B. North, of this review, received a common school education, attending school during the winter months, while in the summer he worked on the farm, He also clerked for a year in a general store in Selma, and then came to Springfield, where he was employed as a salesman for several years. He was employed in various groceries until 1876, when he formed a partnership with James Myers, now a member of the Robbins & Myers Company. This connection was maintained for six months when Mr. North sold his interest to his partner and in 1877 entered the employ of B, F. Hunt & Company, grocers. One of his fellow clerks there was C. C. Funk and in October, 1877, they joined A. P. Trout in organizing the firm of C. C. Funk & Company, which for some time did the leading grocery business in Springfield. In 1880 Mr. Trout retired from the firm and in October, 1893, Mr. North disposed of his 466 - THE BIOGRAPHIC4L RECORD. interest, but the firm carried on the enterprise until the following year. When Mr. North sold out he went upon the road as a salesman for an oil company, but was engaged in that line for only five months. On the 1st of March, 1884 he embarked in the grocery business for himself, locating on Fountain avenue near High street, and was thus engaged in the conduct of a large and profitable trade until the 1st of March, 1896, when on account of ill health he retired and since that time he has been engaged in the real estate business and his well directed efforts have brought to him splendid success. He invested in city real estate when it sold at a law figure and with the increase of the city's population his property has largely increased in value and returns to him an excellent income, so that he is now enabled to live a retired life, In 1900 he served as decennial appraiser of ward No, 5 and in 1901 he was appointed as a member of the decennial board of revision, He performed his duties capably and faithfully, thus advancing the interests of the city and at all times he has been known as a public-spirited and progressive man, ever in favor of any movement or measure that would advance the welfare of Springfield, On the 1st of October, 1878, in this city, Mr. North was united in marriage to Miss Bridget McDonald, who was born in Springfield township in May, 1853, and is a daughter of John McDonald, who was a farmer, but is now deceased. Unto Mr. and Mrs. North have been born three children : Anna Maria, born December 19, 1881, is a graduate of St. Raphael's school : Catherine, born April 29, 1885. is a student in the in the same school: Margaret Helen, born December 21, 1886, is also in school, Mr. North and his family are communicants of St. Raphael's church and he is a member of the church committee. His political views are in accord with the Republican party and its principles, and he always gives to its men and measures his support, but he has never been a politician in the sense of office seeking, preferring to give his time and energies to his business affairs, in which he has met with signal success. He is a man of strong purpose, determined in his execution of all plans that he makes and at all times his honesty in trade transactions has been above question. He thus de-. serves mention among the representative men of Springfield and with pleasure we present his record to our readers. JAMES HENRY DALIE, James Henry Dalie, who was born in Devonshire, England, December 22, 1843, is a son of George Dalie, whose birth occurred in Devonshire, England, in 1815. The paternal grandparents died in Lockport, New York, at an advanced age. George Dalie, the father of our subject, learned the carpenter's trade and was a shipbuilder in England. About 1852 he came with the family to America, settling in Lockport, New York, where he followed carpentering, There he resided until 1855, when he came to Clark county, Ohio, having a favorable business opening here. His death occurred in the city of Springfield in 1897. For many years he has been prominently known as an extensive contractor and among others which he built was the Bretney tanyard on Main street. one of the old landmarks of the city. For thirty-five years he lived at No. 67 North Spring THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 469 street, where his death occurred. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Croft, was born in Devonshire, England, in 1820, and now resides at the old home place. In their family were nine children, of whom two daughters were born in New York, and one in Springfield, while the others were natives of England. Mary A. became the wife of James Henry, and died in Chicago, Illinois, in 1900. Alice is the widow of Joseph Ayers and is living in Cleveland, Ohio, James H. is the next younger. Marie be came the wife of Harry Rhoderick, of Springfield, and died in this city. Rose is the widow of William Sibert, who makes her home in Cleveland. John G, is living retired in Springfield. Emma is the deceased wife of Charles Aldrich. Matilda is the wife of Joseph Holmes, a lake captain living in Cleveland, Cynthia is the wife of John P. Allen, of Springfield, The children were. educated in the public schools of this city and the youngest daughter pursued a musical course. In politics the father took an active interest, first as a member of the Whig party and afterward as a supporter of the Republican party, He served as constable for more than twenty years and was also township trustee. He belonged to the old Union Fire Company and was a member of the Independent Order of Red Men, and his wife was a member of the Episcopalian church, James H. Dalie was educated in the public schools of New York and after coming to Ohio was a student in the old school on East High street in Springfield. At the age of seventeen he left the schoolroom and began working at his trade of carpentering, which he partly learned under Robert Johnson. In October, 1862, however, he enlisted as a musician of the Second Brigade, Third Division, Sixth Army Corps, at General Keifer's headquarters, The regimental bands were discharged and the brigade bands were organied at that time. Mr. Dalie served as a musician until the close of the war. He was present at the time of Lee's surrender and took part in the grand review at Washington. As their corps arrived late it was reviewed by itself. In July, 1865, Mr. Dalie received an honorable discharge in the capital city of the nation and at once returned home. Here he began work for Nimrod Myers, a contractor, under whom he completed his trade and worked as a journeyman. He was afterward made foreman and continued in the employ of that gentleman altogether for sixteen years. In 1881, having mastered the trade in all of its branches, he began contracting and building on his own account, starting out on a small scale but gradually working his way to the front as one of the leading builders of this city. He has secured and executed the contracts for the erection of the Ross-Mitchell building on East High street the annex to the high school; the Central building ; the new Zimmerman building at the corner of Main and Limestone streets : the Zimmerman Library building of the college and also built the Hamma Divinity Hall and rebuilt it after the fire. He has erected twenty-seven residences on the north side and has built the Palace Hotel and many other fine structures of the south side. He erected the present hospital on East Main street and now employs on an average of twelve men who are masons and carpenters, His business has become of an important character by reason of the kind of contracts awarded him, and throughout business circles he is known as one whose word is as good as his bond and whose - 24 - 470 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. reliability is aboye question, Aside from his other business interests he is a stock-holder in the Citizens' National Bank, a director in the Springfield Metallic Casket Company, a stockholder in the Springfield Building & Loan Association. He erected his present home at Nor 410 South Fountain avenue in 1887 and he also owns other property which he rents. On the 27th of May, 1871, in Springfield, Mr. Dalie was married to Arabelle Aldrich, who was born on East High street in this city, April 20, 1847, and is a daughter of Azro Aldrich, who is of Welsh descent and was born and reared in Vermont, For a time he lived in Masachusetts and while still single Ile came to Spring-field and was here married to Sarah Wissinger, who was of German ancestry. He was twenty-one years of age when he remoyed to this city and his death occurred here in 1887, at the age of seventy-three. For a time he was employed in the flax mills and afterward carried on a butcher business for a quarter of a century, His wife died in 1890 at the age of sixty-nine, her birth having occurred in Virginia, in 1821. In their family were nine children: William, who died in infancy ; Lucinda, who was the wife of Christopher Dowling and died in Xenia; Minerva, who died in infancy ; Arabelle, the wife of our subject ; Charles, who is living in Akron, Ohio; Elizabeth, who died in infancy; Ella, the wife of Andrew Shanks, of Springfield; George, of Cleveland, Ohio; and Effie, who died in infancy. Mr. Dalie votes with the Republican party, but has never been an aspirant for office although he has been active in political affairs and has frequent been a delegate to county, city, judicial and state conventions. In 1890 he was elected on the Republican ticket to the office of county commissioner. He has been a member of the city central committee for three years, was re-elected for three succeeding years and afterward served for another period of nine months to fill out an unexpired term, He was made president of the board at different times during the six and three-quarter years of his incumbency. He has been solicited to accept other official positions but has declined such honors. Mrs. Dalie belongs to the Third Presbyterian church, and he is a member of the Red Star Lodge, K, P., and of the Uniformed Rank, No, 44, He likewise belongs to Logan Castle Knights of the Golden Eagle, has filled all of its offices, and is a member of the Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks. He holds membership relations with the Union Veteran Union, in which he is serving on the board of trustees, and is a member of the Springfield Gun Club, His prominence in political circles is widely recognized and arises from earnest devotion to the general good and not from a desire for the rewards of office in return for party fealty. His business life has been creditable and his success has been worthily won, placing him among the ranks of well-to-do citizens of Clark county,   JOHN H, MOORMAN. John H. Moorman, a proprietor of a ; meat market and a dealer in live stock at South Charleston, was born near Jamestown, Greene county, Ohio, June 24, 1844, and is. the son of Thomas C. and Martha (Bangham) Moorman. He was reared upon a farm two miles east of Jamestown and received a common school education, When the Kirby riot took place he joined the THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 471 "Squirrel Hunters," a company organized to guard Cincinnati and was thus on duty for about two weeks. He also took part in the chase after Morgan, and in 1864 he offered his services to the government as a private but was rejected on account of age and physical disability. Wishing, however, to aid his country he went to the front as a wagon master, hauling supplies from Camp Nelson, Kentucky, to Halls Gap and thence to Tennessee. He was taken ill with typhoid fever at Camp Nelson and when he had partially recovered he took a train of twenty-five teams to Halls Gap, where he suffered a relapse and was then sent home. It was supposed that he would never recover, because his health was in such a precarious condition at the time, and before he did recover the war had ended. He had been very active in raising funds and troops from the first in order to prevent the draft. He had also acted as drill sergeant of a home company from the beginning of the war and did much gratuitous labor for his country during the critical period of the Civil war, Enabled to resume business he began to handle live stock and thus entered upon an active connection with trade transactions in this locality. On the 17th of September, 1868, Mr. Moorman was united in marriage at South Charleston to Miss Sarah J. Clemans, who was born and reared in Madison township, a daughter of William and Catherine ( Ladd) Clemans. He made his home in Madison township until 1870 and, with the exception of the year 1875, when he was engaged in general merchandizing in Cedarville, he has since resided in South Charleston. His wife died while in Cedarville, on the 17th of September, 1875—the seventh anniversary of their marriage.. They had two children, who grew to maturity, and one who died at the age of nine months. Those living are: Lillie May, who was married September 8, 1901, to McClure Shough in South Charleston; and W. B., who in 1895 establishel a meat market, which he conducted until 1898, when he enlisted in Company A, of the Second Engineer Regiment, Fourth Battalion, for service in the Spanish-American war, He was on duty both in the United States and Cuba. After the death of his first wife Mr, Moorman was again married on Christmas Day, of 1880, the lady of his choice being Miss Catherine Clemans, a sister of his first wife. In his political affiliations Mr. Moorman is a Republican, having cast his first presidential vote for Grant in 1868. Hie had to make the trip from New York in order to cast his ballot, but he has always been so stanch a Republican that he has made many trips home in order that he might vote. His father was an orthodoxed Friend or Quaker, and a strong anti-slavery man, his home being a station on the famous underground railroad. Mr. Moorman, of this review, was frequently sent to conduct runaway slaves to the next station on this railroad. He thus early became a lover of liberty and was therefore active in support of the Union at the time of the Civil war. He long served as a member of the school board in South Charleston, but declined to continue in that position for any greater length of time. For fifteen years he was a member of the village council and then retired from that office on his own account. Since he was first tnarried he has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and has served as one of its trustees, has also been a worker in the Sunday-school and has put forth every effort in his power 472 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. to advance the cause of Christianity. His entire life has been actuated by Christian principles and thus in his business. relations he is found to be reliable and trustworthy, while in social life he is known for his sterling traits of character, which in every land and in every clime command respect, Wilbur B, Moorman, his only son, was born in South Charleston, June 13, 1872, and has always lived in this place with the exception of the year 1875, which was spent with the family in Cedarville, and a period of five years, spent with his grandmother, Catherine Clemans, He acquired a good education in the schools of South Charleston, and was also a student for two and one-half years in the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware. Ohio, He then entered upon his business career and in 1895 established a meat market, which he conducted successfully until the 20th of June, 1898, when he enlisted in Company A of the Second Regiment of the United States Engineers. He was sent to Fort Sheridan, where the regiment was drilled and equipped, after which they spent two months at Montauk, going thence to Savannah, where they remained in camp for three weeks. The regiment was then ordered to Cuba, and landed at the city of Havana under the command of Captain Geary. The company was stationed in the vicinity of Havana and remained there until early in the year 1890. when it was mustered out in Cuba, Mr, Moorman was never in the hospital and was never under fire, his duty being of a different character. In December, 1898, he was detailed as a mounted courier for Major-General Greene, then military governor of Havana, and at the close of his military life he received an honorable discharge and returned to his home in South Charleston, where he is now living. OWEN E. NORTH. Owen E. North was born January 1, 1855, in Madison township, Clark county, and is a son of Patrick North, who is mentioned on another page of this work. His entire life has been passed in this county, except one year, 1877, spent in Iowa and Nebraska, and he is now numbered among its representative agriculturists. He was educated in the district schools of Selma and was reared to manhood upon a farm in Madison township. His father was a man of strict principles, always fair and just, He died when his son Owen was only seven years of age, and the latter then went to live with his uncle, James McCormick, living in Xenia, but is now deceased. Mr. North attended school in Xenia and later returned to Selma, where he worked on a farm, In 1879 he went with the family to Springfield, where he embarked in the grocery business first as a clerk, while later he established a store of his own, becoming a grocery merchant in 1881, In the new enterprise he prospered, soon securing a large and lucrative patronage, He continued business successfully 'until 1894.. He was associated for some time with his brother as a partner in his store on Pleasant street. In 1894, however, he disposed of his business interests and removed to a farm which he had purchased, He has improved this property, making it very valuable and attractive and he is now successfully engaged in general farming, everything about his place indicating the careful supervision of the progressive and practical owner. His place is located on section 27, Harmony township, near Brooks Station. Mr. North was married in Springfield in 1883 to Miss Catherine Glenn, who was THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 473 born in Warren County, Ohio, upon a farm, in 1857, and when ten years of age removed to Springfield, pursuing her education in the public schools of that city and in St. Raphael's school. Mr. and Mrs. North now have four children : Paul C., born in 1885 Edward E., born in 1888 Clare, born in 1891 and James Glenn, born in 1892, The eldest son was educated in St. Raphael's school, of Springfield, and in the district schools. In his political views Mr. North is a Democrat. He served as assessor of the sixth ward of the city in 1890 and he has been a delegate to the city and county conventions, acting as a delegate to the county convention in 1901, For four years he served as supervisor of district No, 14 and has, always been found true and loyal to any public trust reposed in him, He belongs to St. Raphael's church, and for six years he was a member of the committee of St. Joseph's church, while residing on Pleasant street in Springfield, In his youth the country around Selma was mostly timberland, He has seen this cleared away and the tract developed into a splendid agricultural' district, He has always taken a deep interest in everything pertaining to the general welfare and is a citizen of value who, in the faithful performance of each day's duties, so lives as to characterize him as a man of worth in his neighborhood and community, ANDREW N. BROOKS. Andrew N, Brooks is a representative of a pioneer family of Clark county, of English lineage. He lives on section 27, Harmony township, where he follows agricultural pursuits. His birth occurred in this township June 7, 1835, a son of Harvey Brooks, who was born in New York and was a well educated man for his day, having pursued a college course. At an early period in the development of this portion of the state he came to Ohio and purchased government land, which he cleared and transformed into a good farm, He was one of the first school teachers in this part of of Clark county, conducting a subscription school. He acquired one hundred and sixty acres of land and through his farming interests was able to provide comfortably for his family. He died in the prime of life in the year 1841 and was buried in the Goodfellow cemetery. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Margaret Hammond, was born in Vermont in 1800 and died on the old homestead at the age of seventy-six years, After the death of her first husband she became the wife of William Troxell, who is also deceased. By her first marriage there were eight children, all of whom were born on the old family homestead here and with the exception of our subject all are now deceased. Four of the number died between the ages of nine and twenty-one years. Nathan was married and had four children, one of whom is yet living, but the father died at the age of thirty-five years, upon his farm in this county. Harvey Brooks, the father of our subject, wag actively identified with public affairs in Harmony township and was one of the leading and influential residents of this part of the county. His political support was given the Whig party and both he and his wife were members of the Christian church, In the district schools Andrew N. Brooks pursued his education, but his advantages in that direction were very limited. At the age of eight years he went 474 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD among strangers, working as a farm hand for four dollars per month, He afterward inherited some land from his father's estate and when about nineteen years of age began business on his own account as a stock raiser, preparing stock for the market, As his financial resources increased he added to his property from time to time until he now has two hundred acres of valuable farm land, In early life he began buying and shipping stock to Buffalo and Pittsburg and for twenty-two years he carried on an extensive business in that line, making purchases in adjoining counties. He also conducted his farm work with the aid of hired hands, In 1876 he formed a partnership wtih James Hamilton, of London, Ohio, who was an extensive grain merchant, and at that time Brooks rented his farm and removed to Springfield, making that city his headquarters, while Mr, Hamilton remained in London, They conducted a mammoth business, having stations at twelye different towns along the Big Four and Little Miami Railroads, Their business was conducted on a wholesale commission basis and they handled thousands of carloads of grain, making shipments to eastern points, They also built the elevator at New Carlisle and for twenty years' Mr. Brooks remained in the grain trade, At the end of that time he suffered a stroke of paralysis and was forced to give up business, after which he returned to the home farm, having erected there a good residence. He is now practically living retired, merely superintending his farm interests, although he continued in the stock business until 1902. When only seventeen years of age he was put in charge of a large drove of cattle which was being sent across the mountains to Lancaster, Pennsylyania, and from that early age down to the present he has ever been known as a reliable and trustworthy business man, always faithful to every duty and managing his own affairs with enterprise and determination, which have resulted in bringing to him excellent results and splendid success. On the 8th of February, 1855, Mr. Brooks was united in marriage to Miss Mary A, Foreman, a daughter of Harvey Foreman, of Harmony township, She was born in this township in 1837, attended school with Mr. Brooks and afterward gave him her hand in marriage. She became the mother of seven children and died in 1886, her death proving a great loss to her family. Of the children all are yet living with the exception of Harvey, who was the eldest son and died at Brown Station, west of Springfield, where he was conducting a grain elevator, He was then thirty years of age, Dora is the wife of John Stephenson, of Harmony, by whom she has two sons and two daughters, Frank A., who is engaged in the grain trade in Yellow Springs, is married and has one daughter. Twing W., a grain merchant of Enon, is married and has a son and a daughter. Milton, who is an engineer on the railroad and lives at Chillicothe, Ohio, has two daughters, Charles. of Springfield, has one son, Andrew. Fanny is the wife of Charles White, of Homer, Illinois. In 1890 Mr, Brooks was again married, his second union being with Mary McKittrick, of Jackson, Ohio, who was born in London, England, and came to this state when but six years of age, the family settling in Jackson. Her father was a farmer by occupation. Both Mr, and Mrs. Brooks are members of the Baptist church and are highly esteemed people of the community, He has THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 475 always been generous in support of church work and a liberal contributor to many enterprises instituted for the public good, In politics he is a Republican and served as a school director for many years, while for several years he was supervisor of district No. LI.. While in the city he would never accept office, although many official preferments were offered to him, He belongs to Clark Lodge, F. & A. M., of Springfield; Springfield Chapter, R. A. M.; Springfield Council, R. & S. M. and Palestine Commandery. He is likewise a member of Springfield Lodge, I. O, O. F,. has filled all of its offices and is the only living charter member of Vienna Lodge, which he joined when twenty-one years of, age. He is a man who by broad reading has kept well informed on all questions of the day political or otherwise and as a citizen he has manifested a public-spirited interest in everything pertaining to the general good. Starting out in life at the early age of eight years and since then entirely dependent upon his own resources he has worked his way steadily upward and certainly deserves great credit and commendation for what Ile has accomplished, for he stands to-day among the prosperous farmers of Clark county and is one of the most reliable and honored men within the borders of Harmony township, JOHN G. NAVE. John G. Nave is now numbered among the energetic and successful farmers of Clark county and is a veteran of the Civil war, He was born on the farm now owned by John P, Garlough, M Green township. his natal day being June 10, 1838. His father, Jacob Nave, was born in the same township on the farm which is now the property of Martin Shope, on the banks of the Little Miami riyer, August 22, 1811, and his parents were Jacob and Catherine (Garlough) Nave. About 1807, when a single man, the grandfather took up his abode in Clark county. The Garloughs removed Maryland to Ohio about the same time and became residents of Green township. Amid the wild scenes of frontier life Jacob Nave, Jr., was reared and throughout his business career he carried on farming, After arriving at years of maturity he married Mary Knable and unto them were born eleven children, of whom our subject is the eldest, The others are as follows : Mrs, Catherine Shobe lives in Green township. Mrs. Margaret Williams is a resident of Madison township. Jacob H. was a soldier of Company F, Forty-four Ohio Infantry, and the Eighth Cavalry, joining the army in 1861. He was wounded at Beverly, West Virginia, and died in camp, after which his remains were brought home and interred in Garlough cemetery, Enoch H. is living near his brother John. William O., residing in Tremont, married Miss Emma Bare, by whom he has four children. Thomas, a resident of Springfield, wedded Miss Sarah A. Laybourn and has two children. Harriet is the wife of Greene P. Ramy and lives in Plattsburg, Ohio, Eliza is the wife of James Eichelbarger. Ezra L, married Sallie Hatfield, by whom he has two children. Their home is in Pitchin, Ervin Elroy, who is a carpenter of Pitchin wedded Ellen Littler and they have five children, The father of this family died at the age of fifty-four years, in 1865, The mother is still living a the advanced acre of eighty-six. Upon the home farm John G, Nave, of 476 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. this review, spent the days of his youth and in the district schools near by he pursued his education, He was married August 8, 1861, and afterward followed farming until 1864, when he joined the Ohio National Guard and in May of that year was mustered into the United States service as a member of Company D, One hundred and Forty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was sent to West Virginia and was at the front four months, having enlisted, however, for one hundred days. During his crevice he became ill and many years had passed before he fully regained his health, For a few years he rented a farm and in 1868 he purchased a place, upon which he had been living, He now has one hundred and fifty-three acres of good land and his well developed fields indicate his careful supervision. In 1861 Mr. Nave was joined in wedlock to Miss Margaret E. Gram, who was born in Green township and is a daughter of Jacob and Catherine (Weller) Gram. They now have five children : Minnie P., born in Green township May 16, 1862, is the wife of William Todd, of Springfield township, and they have six children, Alpharetta O., born in Madison township October 16, 1863, is the wife of Wylie Howett, by whom she has two children, and they reside upon her father's farm, Justinus T., born on the home farm September 3, 1865, married Jennie Jones, by whom he has two children, and their home is on a farm of fifty acres. Jacob Pearl, born November 23, 1867, married Aurelia Garlough, by whom he has two children, and their home is in Green township, John Charles Fremont, born October 6, 1870, married Jennie B, Littler and with their six children they reside in Green township. Mrs, Nave's father, Jacob Gram, was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylyania, spent the days of his minority there and when a young man came to Clark county, where he married Catherine Weller, a daughter of Joseph and Elizabeth (Steffie) Weller, the former a native of Maryland and the latter of Virginia. Her father removed to Virginia and from that state came to Ohio in 1830, settling on the Weller farm in 1836, The father of Mrs, Nave passed away in 1870, at the age of about sixty years, his birth having occurred in 1811, His wife died in 1884 at the age of sixty-five years. On attaining his majority Mr. Nave became a supporter of the Republican party and continued to affiliate with that political organization until 1880, when he became a Prohibitionist. For two years he served as township trustee and for twelye years was a member of the board of education, Both he and his wife belong to the Free Will Baptist church, in which he served as superintendent of the Sunday-school for twelve years. He takes an active interest in church work and does all in his power to promote the general good along all lines of substantial advancement.   JOHN H. MULHOLLAND. A leading and influential citizen, whose efforts have been a potent factor in shaping the commercial history of Springfield in recent years, John H, Mulholland is widely known as a representative of the jewelry trade of this city. He comes 0f an old and honored family and from 1822 the name has been a prominent one in connection with mercantile interests here, where its representatives have conducted affairs in such THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 477 close harmony with the true ethics of commercial life that the most malevolent could utter no word of detraction. From the time of the establishment of the business eighty years ago the name Mulholland has ever been above the store, which has been carried on continuously and which is now the property of the subject of this review. John H. Mulholland was born in Spring-field February 2, 1836, and is a son of George G. Mulholland. The paternal grandfather, William Mulholland, was a native of Scotland and pursued his education in that country. He prepared for the practice of medicine, winning the degree of M. D. For a time he resided in Stewartstown, in County Tyrone, Ireland, where he practiced for a number of years, or until the time of his emigration to America in 1816. He crossed the Atlantic in a sailing vessel, for steam navigation was not known at that time, and at length arrived in New York city. He was married in Scotland to a lady of Scotch-Irish lineage and after landing in this country they proceeded to Wheeling, West Virginia, where Dr, Mulholland en-gaged in the practice of medicine for a time, His death occurred in that city, In his family were seven children and George Mulholland was the youngest of the four sons, He was born in County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1809, and was therefore a little lad of seven summers when the family crossed the briny deep to the new world. His educational privileges were somewhat limited as he attended school for only a few years. but reading, study and experience continually broadened his knowledge until he became well informed, conversant with all modern topics. In his youth he began learning the watchmaker's trade with a firm in Wheeling, West Virginia, serving a sever years' apprenticeship, during which time he became familiar with the business in all of its departments, and became an expert workman. He also learned the business of manufacturing silverware at a time when the process was carried on by hand work. In the fall of 1822 George Mulholland removed to Ohio, settling in Springfield, where he established the first jewelry store of the city and continuously since the family name has appeared on the signboard above the store. It has become a synonym for honesty and fair dealing in the trade circles of Springfield and over the commercial record of the store there falls no shadow of wrong or sus-picion of evil. His first establishment was located about where the clothing store of J. M. Knote now stands on East Main street. A small frame building occupied the site at that time. Later Mr. Mulholland removed his store to various buildings and for a time was opposite the Murry House. When he began business here he was but a young man with limited capital, but he constantly increased his stock to meet the growing demands of his trade and year by year his business grew until it had assumed extensive proportions and his annual sales brought to him a very gratifying and satisfactory income. Mr. Mulholland also became an active factor in the public life of Springfield, recognized as a man of influence and prominence. He was a supporter of the Whig party, labored earnestly for its success and was the man to establish a lyceum in Springfield. He also helped organize the first fire I department here, was chosen its secretary and held that office for a number of years. He would never consent to accept political office although often solicited to do so, yet as a citizen he never wavered in the perform- 478 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ance of any duty which could be executed in a private capacity. He co-operated in many movements and measures for the up-building and improvement of Springfield along, material, intellectual and social lines, and he left the impress of his individuality upon the !growing town, Mr. Mulholland was united in marriage to Miss Mary Spinning Hunt, a native of this city and a daughter of Judge John Hunt, who was one of the associate judges of the county for many years. He was a native of New Jersey and was of English descent. In the east he studied law and at an early day in the history of this locality Ile took up his abode in Springfield. When he arrived here the old Jeremiah Warder flouring mill had been built at Lagonda and Judge Hunt took charge of that, continuing its operation for a number of years. He afterward conducted one of the very earliest hotels of Springfield. He remained in charge for a number of years and was a genial and popular host, On selling that property he removed to Enon, where he spent his remaining days as proprietor of the only hotel there. An associate judge of the county he aided in shaping the early judicial history and he was widely known for his fairness and impartiality in rendering decisions, He married Sarah Foster, a native of New Jersey, in which state the wedding was celebrated. Unto Mr, and Mrs, Mulholland six children were born, but only two are living: John H,, the eldest, who is his father's successor in business: and William, the youngest, who resides in Montana, The others were: Nancy, the deceased wife of Willis Whitehurst : George, who died in childhood Fannie E., who has also passed away; and Mrs. Sarah Aukey, deceased. The parents were members of the First Presbyterian church of Springfield and took a deep and abiding interest in its work, contributing generously to its support and aiding in all possible ways in its growth and the extension of its influence. Mr. Mulholland died in August, 1849, and was buried in Ferncliff cemetery. After his death his widow assumed the management of the store which he had founded and conducted until her oldest son was capable of taking charge. She passed away when sixty-five years of age and was then interred by the side of her husband. John H. Mulholland, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the public schools of Springfield, in the academy here and in "Wittenberg College, where he remained as a student for two years. At the age of seventeen he began to learn the watch-maker's trade, going first to Columbus, where he entered the employ of William Savage. with whom he remained for two years, He afterward spent a similar period in the service of Henry Nunnemaker, of South Bend, Indiana, who had previously learned the trade of George Mulholland, the father of our subject, in 1856, returning to Springfield, he assumed the management of the store, which he has since conducted with excellent success. It has long and easily maintained the foremost position among the jewelry establishment of the city. Mr. Mulholland carries a large and complete assortment of everything in this line, including a full line of musical instruments. On the 6th of November, 1856, was celebrated the marriage of John H, Mulholland and Miss Mary J. Grant, a daughter of ; 'William Grant, Their union has been I blessed with six children : Emma, who is ; at home; George G., a watchmaker by trade, THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 479 now located in Memphis, Tennessee; Carrie, deceased; Charles E,, who is a watchmaker of Los Angeles, California; Nellie M,, the wife of Dr. Noah Myers, of this city, by whom she has three children, Robert, Mildred and Mary: William M., who is his father's assistant in business. Politically Mr. Mulholland is a Republican and keeps well informed on the issues of the day, but has never been active in political work. He is well known in Masonic circles, belonging to Clark Lodge and to Springfield Chapter, R. A. M. He also holds membership in Springfield Lodge, I. O. O. F., in which he is a past grand and his name is also on the membership roll of the Knights of Pythias fraternity. He belongs to the First Presbyterian church, in which he was an elder for ten years, Honored and respected by all there is no man who occupies a more enviable position in commercial and financial circles in Springfield than does John H. Mulholland. It is true that he entered upon a business already established, but in enlarging and controlling such an enterprise many a man of less resolute spirit would have failed. Our subject, however, has carried on his work with determination, keeping in touch with the progressive spirit of the times and his life history proves that success is not a matter of genius or of inheritance, but of skillfully directed labor and sound business judgment. JOSEPH HINKLE. The subject of this review is one of the representative farmers and highly respected citizens of Springfield township. where his entire life has been passed, his birth occurring there July 20, 1860. His father, Joseph Hinkle, was born in Lancaster county, Ohio. In 1833 he came to Clark county with his parents, John and Rebecca Hinkle, who settled in Springfield township and in the midst of the forest developed and improved a farm, on which they continued to make their home throughout the remainder of their lives. When called to their final rest their remains were interred in the Hinkle burying ground. They were the parents of ten children, namely : John; Samuel; Joseph; Henry; William, who died young; Mary, who wedded Henry Graham; Ann, who married Peter Markley; Elizabeth, who married Wesley Stillman ; Sarah, who became the wife of Michael Way; and Rebecca, who wedded Edward Highwood, The father of our subject passed the days of his boyhood and youth upon the home farm, remaining with his parents until he was married. The lady of his choice was Miss Margaret Jane Ault, a native of Clark county and a daughter of Adam Ault, who was one of the early pioneers of the county. After his marriage Mr. Kinkle began farming on his own account and throughout his active business career continued to follow that pursuit with most excellent success, becoming one of the substantial, as well as one of the most highly esteemed citizens of his community. He died about twenty-five years ago, and his wife passed away in August, 1902, Unto them were born thirteen children, as follows : Adam, who died young; Maria, the deceased wife of Austin Blessing; Rebecca, now the widow of John M. Stewart and a resident of Springfield; George and John, both deceased; Henry, who makes his home in Springfield township ; Mary, wife of James W, Foreman, of Springfield; Anna, 480 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD wife of George Otstot, of Springfield township ; Amanda, wife of George Oates, who is living in the city of Springfield ; Margaret, deceased ; Ida, who makes her home with her brother James : Joseph, of this review ; and James, a resident of Springfield township. Mr. Hinkle, of this review, spent the first twenty-three years of his life in his parents' home, nothing of any importance occurring to vary the routine of farm work except that he attended the district schools of the neighborhood as opportunity permitted, He was married on the 27th of December, 1883, to Miss Mary E, Pierson, who was also born in Springfield township. Her parents, John and Sarah (Brunley) Pierson, were both natives of Yorkshire, England, where their marriage was celebrated, and on their emigration to America they settled in Clark county, Ohio, where they continued to make their home until called to the world beyond. Of their nine children four are still living, namely : Mrs. Eliza Sultzhaugh, of Springfield ; James, who is living on the old homestead in Springfield township ; Mary E., wife of our subject ; and Martha, wife of William Snyder, of the city of Springfield. The only child born to our subject and his wife is Clarence W., but they also have an adopted daughter, Marie. Mr. and Mrs. Hinkle began their domestic life upon the farm which they still occupy, it being the property of her father. Our subject rented the place until Mr. Pierson's death, when it became the property of his wife, He has made many improvements thereon, including the erection of a fine modern residence and good barn, and the neat and thrifty appearance of the farm indicates his careful supervision and well di rected labors, He is a progressive and practical farmer and has attained a fair degree of success. His political support is always given the men and measures of the Republican party and he takes a commendable interest in public affairs. SAMUEL THEODORE LUSE. Among Green township's honored and respected native sons is numbered Samuel Theodore Luse, who was born upon the farm and within the walls of his present home, January 25, 1858, He is a son of Thomas and Nancy Funston Luse, The father was born probably in Pennsylvania and came to Ohio when a boy, with his parents, Justice and Mary Luse. Justice Luse settled upon a farm now owned by William Luse, on the outskirts of Clifton, in Green township. Here he cleared and improved a farm and spent the remaining days of his life, honored and respected by all who knew him. He was a pioneer settler of his district, and his efforts were brought to bear upon the wild and uncultivated land, thus early laying the foundation for future development and improvement, which has resulted in the present prosperity of the great commonwealth of Ohio. His son, Thomas Luse, the father of our subject, was early trained to the work of the farm and spent his boyhood and youth in his native county, He had no start in life save the limited education which was to be obtained in the then primitive frontier district, but he possessed sterling qualities of character, and, early realizing that from labor come all desirable benefits, he persevered, prospering as the years passed by and THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 481 he became the owner of two hundred and twenty-five acres of valuable land, the most Of which he purchased, having acquired the means through his own untiring efforts, He was honored, too, with the respect and confidence of his fellow citizens, In his political views he was a Republican and for several years he served as township clerk and treasurer of Green township, fulfilling his duties of office capably and to the satisfaction of all concerned. He was almost eighty-one years of age at the time of his death, which occurred on the 28th of April, 1880, while his estimable wife was called to her final rest in 1890, They were both highly respected citizens of their community and were the parents of the following named children : Mary is the widow of Richard Bean, residing in Springfield, and is the mother of five children Justice Henry resided in Madison county, Ohio, where he carried on farming, but died leaving three children to mourn his loss; Keziah, now deceased, became the wife of Samuel Andrews and resided in Trebeins, Greene county, Ohio : Lavinia is the widow of Henry C, Kiler, and resides in Greene county, near Clifton ; John F, died in Green township, Clark county, soon after his marriage; Calvin, a hotel keeper residing in Clifton, has five children ; Amelia died in early womanhood ; Emma resides in Clifton : Anna, the wife of Tames Swaby, resides on a part of the old homestead and has three children. Both parents were laid to rest in Clifton cemetery. Samuel Theodore Luse spent the days of his boyhood and youth upon the home farm, enjoying the pleasures of the boys of his period, receiving the advantages of a common school education, which was supplemented by attendance at high school in Clifton. His father died when he was nineteen years of age, and he remained at home with his mother, assisting in the conduct of the farm until his marriage, which important event in his life took place on the 11th of April, 1889, the lady of his choice being Miss Harriet Swaby, of Green township, She was born in Wisbeck, Cambridgeshire, England, October 3, 1870, and is a daughter of Henry and Mary Ann (Wool) Swaby, both of whom are still living in Green township. She received the advantages of a good common school education. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Luse have been born three children : Ernest Douglas, born on the home farm, May 20, 1890 Egbert Theodore, born March 17, 1892 ; and Kenneth, born March 25, 1896. After his marriage Mr. Luse took his bride to the home farm. He purchased one hundred and thirty acres of the home farm from his father's estate and this he has cultivated and improved, adding thereto from time to time as occasion offered, and his well tilled fields yield to him golden harvests in return for the care and labor bestowed upon them. Mr. Luse is a stalwart Republican, unfaltering in his allegiance to the principles of the party, He cast his first presidential ballot in 1880 for James A. Garfield. He has been a member of the board of education of Clifton, taking a deep interest in educational work, knowing well how important a bearing it has upon the growth and prosperity of any community, In agricultural matters he is also an advanced theorist and a practical demonstrator of the improved methods of the day. He has served as a member of the board of agriculture of Clark county for ten years, of which organization he is a valued member, his opin- 482 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ions carrying weight with the members of the board, and in this capacity he has done much toward the improvement in agricultural development of Clark county, by which it has become one of the leading counties of the Buckeye state, An earnest and consistent member of the Presbyterian church, he is also trustee of the same and finds time to devote to the good cause of extending Christian influence in his community, where all alike respect him for his qualities of heart and mind.   FRANK P. TORRENCE. The recognition of business possibilities and the utilization of his opportunities have been the elements upon which Mr. Torrence has based his success—a success so marked as to attract the attention and admiration of those who know aught of his career and to make the history of his life a matter of interest to his many friends. There is always something inspiring in the story of a career wherein advancement has resulted from individual effort well directed, and therefore an account of what Mr. Torrence has accomplished may serve as an example and an impetus to others, He is now one of the prosperous brokers of Springfreld, but at the outset of his career he had no capital. A native of Jamestown, Ohio, he was born June 11, 1855, a son of Dr, J, M. and Mary (Curry) Torrence, The father was also born in Greene county, this state, the grandfather, Robert Torrence, having located there in the early pioneer days. He came to Ohio from Pennsylvania, but the family is of Scotch-Irish ancestry, After his removal westward Robert Torrence served as a soldier in the war of 1812, Settling near Xenia, he there owned a large tract of land, much of which came into the possession of his son. Dr, J. M, Torrence, The latter pursued his collegiate course of study in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was graduated with the degree of M. D, and became a practitioner of the regular school of medicine. He located for practice in Jamestown and subsequently removed to Xenia, where he became a prosperous as well as eminent representative of the profession. He married Miss Mary Curry, of Jamestown, a daughter of William Curry, who was of Scotch lineage, During the Civil war, in order to prevent a general draft in Greene county, the Doctor and three other gentlemen guaranteed a large sum of money to the government and through this means he lost almost his entire possessions. He was later made regimental surgeon of the Seventy-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and with that command went to the front, The close of the war found him with his health broken and his fortune nearly ruined, but he again took up the practice of medicine in Xenia. After a few years, however, his death occurred there and he was buried with the honors of the Masonic fraternity and of the Grand Army of the Republic. His wife had previously passed away, The Doctor made a great sacrifice for his country, his health and his property both going to sustain the Union cause, Frank P. Torrence, of this review, pursued his education in the public schools of Xenia and in the seminary there. When about fifteen years of age he left home m make his own way in the world and was variously employed. Eventually he became the advertising and route. agent for a num- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 483 ber of large theatrical companies, but after his marriage he gave up that business and entered commercial life as a traveling sales-man for a St, Louis tobacco house. Later he became connected with an extensive cigar house of Detroit, Michigan, which he represented for two years, and during the last year of that time—1890—he removed to Springfield. Not being content, however, to remain in the employ of others, he then went into the brokerage business for himself and from that time has achieved a very gratifying and creditable degree of success, For eight years he has continued in the business as one of its leading representatives in Springfield. He has also extended the scope and extent of his business labors and activity and at one time was connected with the Victor Rubber Tire Company, serving as its vice president until he disposed of his interest in that concern, He is now the vice president of the. Citizens' Heating & Power Company and also one of its directors. Mr. Torrence was united in marriage to Miss Laura Baldridge, of Urbana, Ohio, the wedding taking place October 9, 1877. The lady is a daughter of Dr, A. H. Baldridge, who is one of the founders of the medical college of Cincinnati. They now have one child, Gertrude Mabel, the wife of William Payton McCulloch, of Springfield. Mr, Torrence belongs to the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, to Ingomar Lodge, K, of P., and is also a charter member of the United Commercial Travelers, the Commercial Club of Springfield, and with the Columbia Republican Club, the last named indicating his political affiliations. He owns a block of modern houses on Woodlawn avenue, which he erected in addition to his beautiful home at No. 343 North Fountain avenue. He is a representative of our best type of American manhood. By perseverance, determination and honorable effort he has overthrown the obstacles which barred his path to success and reached the goal of prosperity. His life being one of continuous activity. He has been accorded due recognition of labor and to-day he is numbered among the substantial and prominent citizens of Springfield. WILLIAM SHAWD, William Shawd, an experimental and general machinist of Springfield, carrying on a shop here, has been a resident of this city since May, 1886. He was born in Franklin county, Ohio, near Reynoldsburg, on the 15th of February, 1857, and is a son of Samuel Shawd. The father was born in Switzerland in 1812 and pursued his education in that land and came to America about 1845, Here he followed farming until his death, which occurred in 1859. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Annie Rostover, was born in Switzerland in 1815 and departed this life at Kenton, Hardin county, Ohio, in November, 1897. In the family were nine children, of whom three died in early life. Those living are Samuel, John and Fred, who are employed in a machine shop in Kenton, Ohio ; Jacob, a farmer of Iowa; Emma, the wife of S, F. Kennedy, also of Kenton, Ohio; and William, who is proprietor of the Shawd machine works, of Springfield. Three of the sons, Samuel, Jacob and John, were born in Switzerland. The parents were members of the German Reformed church and the political faith of the family is Republican, all of the sons sup- 484 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. porting that party with the exception of Fred, who is a Democrat. The children were all educated in the district schools of Franklin and Hardin counties, receiving good mental training, Jacob was a soldier in the Civil war, serving for two years in a regiment of Ohio infantry, William Shawd having received a common school education, attending school through the winter months, while in the summer he worked upon the farm, entered upon his active business career at the age of seventeen years, by securing employment in a sawmill, where he remained for four years, being steadily advanced as he mastered the business. He then entered the employ of the Champion Iron Company at Kenton as an apprentice. He began at the bottom, steadily working his way upward, mastering the various branches of the business until he was made general foreman, his connection with the works continuing from 1879 until 1886. In the latter year he came to Springfield and accepted the position of general foreman with the Rodgers Iron Company, then known as the Rodgers Iron Fence Company, His connection with that house was maintained until 1896, when he was given the position of foreman in the Springfield Architectural Iron Works. After two years, however, he embarked in business for himself. purchasing the plant of J. S. Ellis. He began in general repair work and as he found opportunity he added other branches of machine work including the building of gas engines and experimental work in machine building. He also conducts a general repairing establishment, In the various shops in which he has been employed he has acquired a thorough knowledge of all branches of machine work and has built up a lucrative business, giving his personal supervision to the work which goes into his shop. He is well known to the leading business men and manufacturers of this city and enjoys the confidence and esteem of all with whom he has been associated, Mr. Shawd was married in Kenton. Ohio, May 4, 1881, to Miss Ella Gary, who was born in Kenton in 1859 and is a daughter of John H, Gary, who was one of the early pioneers of Hardin county, where for many years he owned and operated a saw and grist mill, In his family were ten children : William, of Kenton ; Enos. who is engaged in the sawmill business at Kenton ; George, of New Hampshire; Harris, a farmer of Hardin county; Edward, who is the proprietor of a sawmill in West Virginia; Louis, of New Hampshire ; Amanda, the wife of W, H. H. Wagner, a farmer of Hardin county ; Ella, the wife of William Shawd ; Hattie, the deceased wife of Henry Schrader ; and Asa, who was killed in service in the Civil war while acting as captain of a company of Ohio Infantry. The mother of these children died in 1886. Unto Mr. and Mrs, Shawd have been born four children : Grace Fay, who was born July 21, 1885, and is a graduate of the Springfield high school of the class of 1902 ; Arnold, who was born in 1887 and in September, 1902, became a high school student; Archie B,, born January 13, 1890; and Clifford, born in April, 1899, In politics Mr. Shawd is an earnest Republican, taking an active interest and influential part in the work of the party, For five years he has been a member of the county central committee in precinct A of the second ward and for two years in precinct A of the third ward, and since 1888 he has served as a delegate to the county THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 485 conventions and has several times been a delegate to congressional conventions. His daughter and his oldest son are members of the Second Presbyterian church and he has been a liberal contributor to church work. He belongs to Amicitia Lodge, No. 79, I. O. O. F,, and filled all of its offices. He is also a member of Mad River Encampment, No. 16, at Springfield, and is a charter member of the Columbia Republican Club of this city, He resides at No. 166 West North street in the third ward and he and his family have many friends in the community. As the architect of his own fortunes he has builded wisely and well and is now in control of a large and profitable business. WILLIAM S. GLADFELTER. Prominent among the energetic, farseeing and successful business men of Ohio is the subject of this sketch. His life history most happily illustrates what may be attained by faithful and continued effort in carrying out an honest purpose. Integrity activity and energy have been the crowning points of his success and his connection with various business enterprises and industries have been a decided advantage to this section of Ohio, promoting it material welfare in no uncertain manner. Mr. Gladfelter is a native of York county, Pennsylvania, born upon a farm near Little York, March 10, 1841, but since 1868 he has made his home in Springfield. His father, John P. Gladfelter, who was a contractor and builder, was also a native of York county, Pennsylvania, and with his parents removed to Guernsey county, Ohio, but afterward returned to his native coun- - 25 - ty and there engaged in contracting and building. He married Louise Smith and died near the old home in York county, at the age of fifty-two years, while his wife passed away at the age of seventy-two, They were the parents of thirteen children, of whom five are yet living: William S,, of this review ; George, also of Springfield; Sophia, who resides upon the old homestead and is the wife of William Schriever ; Matilda, the wife of Emanuel Richcreek of York county Pennsylvania; and Lydia Stambaugh of York county. William S. Gladfelter of this review pursued his early education in the district schools, which he attended during the winter months, while he worked upon the home farm in the summer seasons. He was for two winters a student in the academy at York, Pennsylvania, walking to and from that place, a distance of six miles. When quite a young lad he began earning his own livelihood, working as a farm hand and he also worked with his father for a season as a carpenter. In the year 1862 he came to Ohio making his way to Columbus and in the vicinity of that city he spent the first year as a 'farm hand. He was then employed in a warehouse as shipping clerk and in 1864 he went to Decatur, Illinois, where he worked for a large agricultural firm. Returning to Columbus, he was for a short time employed in that city and in the year 1866 came to Clark county, being employed as a farm hand here for a short time. He next aided in building a bridge in the park in Springfield, after which he returned to the farm and remained there for another year but in 1868 he took up his permanent abode in this city, accepting a position as salesman for W, W. Diehl with whom he remained for five years. His close applica- 486 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tion, his economy and his industry won him some capital and on the expiration of that period he began business on his own account, establishing a flour and feed store in 1873. He conducted that business with creditable success until 1878. In the meantime he had begun contracting and had erected several houses. He had also purchased property, building thereon a number of houses in the vacant lots which he had acquired, In 1878 he disposed of his store in order to give his entire time and attention to contracting and building, He inherited unusual mechanical ability and has successfully carried on operations in this line. In fifteen years of this time he constructed on an average of fifty houses annually and during the remainder of the time has built as many as forty houses each year. During the busy season he formerly employed twenty-five workmen and he is always faithful and prompt in the execution of contracts, living fully up to the letter and to the spirit, He has given his personal attention to the business and is one of the best known and most reliable contractors of the city .With interest he has watched the improvement of Springfield and has assisted materially in its substantial growth ; has built some business blocks here and has always maintained a creditable position as a representative of the great department of industry with which he was connected, He was his own architect, making out plans and specifications. The work comes to him unsought, his conscientious labor being his best advertisement. Mr, Gladfelter is now practically living retired, although to some extent he yet superintends his son's building interests, In May, 1869, in this city, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Gladfelter and Miss Anna Lankenan, who was born in Spring field in 1844 a daughter of John D. Lankenan who was a shoemaker and died of cholera in 1849. Unto our subject and his wife has been born one son, Charles Frederick, whose birth occurred in July, 1872. He is a graduate of the public schools of Springfield and completed a course in Wittenberg College by graduation in the class of 1894, He afterward worked with his father until June, 1897, when he went to Chicago where he was employed as bookkeeper and auditor for an electric traction company, with which he was connected for five years, occupying a most responsible position, but he is low located at Washington, D. C., as assistant manager of an electric traction company. He was married in this city to Emma Town, formerly a successful teacher in the public schools and they now have one daughter Katherine Eleanor, who was named for both of her grandmothers and is now seven years of age, Mr. Gladfelter also has an adopted son, Ryburn Barton Gladfelter, who is his nephew and he became a member of our subject's household upon his mother's death, when he was four months old. He has taken up his father's business, and has now relieved his father cf the care and responsibility and management of his extensive business interests. He is a member of the Second English Lutheran church, has served as one of its officers and in his political views is a stalwart Prohibitionist. He has resided at his present location since 1869 and in 1892 built the residence now occupied by himself and wife, He has made an untarnished record and unspotted reputation as a business man, and in all places and under all circumstances he is loyal to truth, honor and right, justly valuing his own self-respect as infinitely more preferable than wealth, fame and position. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 487 In those finer traits of character which combine to form that which we term friendship, which endear and attach man to man in bonds which nothing but the stain of dishonor can sever, which triumph and shine brightest in the hour of adversity,—in those qualities he is royally endowed, JOSEPH GARRARD. Joseph Garrard is a retired farmer of South Charleston owning a valuable tract of land on the dividing line of Greene and Madison counties, in Stoke township of the latter county. There he has two hundred and thirty acres which is well improved and returns to him a good annual income. Mr, Garrard is a native of Madison county, his birth having occurred in Union township, November 15, 1842, his parents being Stephen and Nancy (Davis) Garrard. He was reared upon a .farm, acquired a fair common school education and when nineteen years of age he offered his services to the country to aid in the suppression of the rebellion in the south, It was in May, 1862, that he enlisted in the Union army, becoming a member of Company F, Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, He was sent to Camp Chase and after two weeks was ordered to the front being first under fire at Richmond, Kentucky, early in July of that year. He afterward went with the army to the Ohio river, He was in thirty-one pitched battles besides many skirmishes, these including engagements at Dutton Hill, Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Lovejoy Station the siege of Atlanta and others. After going about fifty miles with Sherman on his march to the sea, his regiment was ordered back and returned to Nashville under General Thomas. Ma-. Garrard then participated in the battles of Pulaski, Tennessee, Franklin, the siege of Nashville and the battle of Philadelphia, Tennessee, where the Union troops were forced back to Knoxville. They were there besieged and nearly starved suffering almost untold hardships. Mr. Garrard was wounded at that place, being shot through the left leg. He did not go to the hospital 'but had the wound bound up where he was and remained with the regiment, which at that time was mounted. He followed Morgan on the raid through Indiana and Ohio, and was always found at his post of duty. He was never captured and was in the hospital far only twenty-four hours, A brave soldier boy, he was fearless and faithful in his defense of the old flag and the cause it represented and made for himself a most creditable military record. In June, 1865, he was honorably discharged and mustered out, after which he returned to his old home in Ohio. Mr. Garrard then began working by the month in Clark county, following that pursuit for several years. He was married in Springfield on the 22d of October, 1872, to Miss Amanda M. Hill, whose birth occurred in this county and who was a daughter of C. C. and Delilah (Briggs) Hill. She acquired a fair common-school education and was reared on a farm in. South Charleston. The young couple removed to Henry c0unty, Misouri, where Mr, Garrard purchased land and made his home for ten years, He then returned to Clark county, Ohio, and for several years lived upon a farm belonging to his father-in-law. In 1895 he purchased one hundred and eighty -seven acres of good land in Fayette county, Ohio, which 486 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. he made his home for a year after which he spent a few months in Springfield and then bought, one hundred and seventy-five acres near South Charleston. On selling that tract he bought the farm which he now owns in Madison county. On the various purchases and sales which he has made he has realized quite handsomely and from his investments he has thus acquired a good income. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Garrard has been blessed with two children : John Howard, who is now engaged in the livery business in Springfield, married Ida Sprague. Anna is still with her parents. While in the army Mr, Garrard cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln and has always been a Republican, he is identified with the Methodist Episcopal church as one of its active and earnest workers and his wife served as superintendent of the Sunday-school while they were living in Madison township, Clark county. They have a pleasant home in South Charleston and many friends extend to them the highest regard. It will be interesting in this connection to note something of the family history of Mrs. Garrard. Her father, Calderwood Covington Hill, was born in Culpeper county, Virginia, November 13, 1814, and was a son of Robert and Margaret (Harvey) Hill, who were natives of Virginia, whence they removed to Pickaway county, Ohio, when their son Calderwood was about four years of age. They spent four years in that county and then came to Clark county, where the grandfather died at the age of thirty-eight years. At the time of his marriage the father of Mrs. Garrard owned land four miles from South Charleston, where he cleared and improved a farm, making his home thereon through a long period. During the last six years of his life he was a resident of South Charleston. He married Delilah Briggs, a daughter of Joseph and Mary Briggs, who were early settlers of Ohio, probably coming to this state from Virginia. Mrs. Hill was born October 11, 1818, and died August 20, 1894, at her home in South Charleston, Mr. Hill afterward made his home with his daughter, Mrs. Garrard, until his death, which occurred February 9, 1896, He was the owner of three hundred and ten acres of good land and was well known as an honorable and progressive farmer, In politics he was a Republican and for many years he served as trustee of his township. An active and influential member of the Methodist Episcopal church, he served as one of its class leaders and was largely instrumental in the building of Williams chapel near his farm. HENRY WICKHAM. The rapid development of all material resources during the closing years of the nineteenth century and the opening years of the twentieth century, has brought business enterprises up from the day of small things to gigantic proportions where thousands of dollars take the place of hundreds and where men are required to handle extensive interests as successfully as did their grandfathers the small business enterprises of fifty or seventy-five years ago, The more thorough training of the schools and the more rigorous preparation demanded for business life have all well qualified the men of the present day for the work which awaits them, and the enterprises are controlled by THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 491 those who not only successfully continue a business but also enlarge it, increasing its scope and its usefulness. Henry Wickham has been an important factor in carrying on what has become a leading industry of Springfield, being a member of the firm of *Wickham, Chapman & Company, manufacturers of piano plates for grand and upright pianos. Their foundry has been enlarged until the plant now covers seven acres, furnishing employment to several hundred workmen. Mr. Wickham was born in New York city in 1854, and on the paternal side he comes of English ancestry, while in the maternal line he is of Irish lineage. He was an only child and pursued his education in De Ira Salle Institute of his native city. He has been identified with manufacturing interests since 1876, in which year he became connected with the St, John's Sewing Machine Company of Springfield, Ohio. He was in the japanning and ornamenting department, having forty workmen under his control. He also lived in Brooklyn for a time and on the 1st of September, 1889, he returned to Springfield, where he established the piano plate manufacturing business, which he had formerly conducted in Brooklyn. The company was incorporated in that year, John Chapman, of Newark, New Jersey, becoming a partner. The plant was removed to Springfield because of the facilities of this city as a distributing point. Eight acres of land were purchased and the various buildings erected according to special designs fitting them for the uses of the company, They manufacture piano plates and piano hardware, including action brackets, pedal feet, pedal guards, bearing bars. organ pedal frames and other accessories to the line. The business has steadily grown and the plant has been enlarged in order to afford facilities to meet the demands of the trade. Each department is thoroughly equipped with the latest improved devices and machinery for carrying on the work and the plant now covers about seven acres, while the number of workmen employed reaches four hundred. These are experienced foundrymen and polishers, together with other men well qualified for executing work in the various departments. Shipments are made to all points of the United States and Canada, and a very high grade of plates and also piano hardware is manufactured. Mr. Wickham and Mr. Chapman give their personal supervision to their constantly increasing business. The business relation between them has been a most harmonious one and the efforts and labors of one fully supplement and round out the work of the other, so that the firm is a strong one. They have labored earnestly and continuously for the success of their enterprise, which has become an important industry of the city and the largest of its kind in the world. On the 15th of October, 1878, Mr. Wickham was united in marriage in Springfield to Miss Theresa Murphy, who was born in \West Jefferson, Ohio, and is a daughter of John Murphy, They now have five children : Grace, who was born in Springfield and is a graduate of the Cedar Grove Academy at Cincinnati, Ohio; Edna, who was born in Brooklyn and is a student in Notre Dame Academy of South Bend, Indiana ; Frank, a native of Brooklyn; and John and Henry, who were born in Springfield. Mrs. Wickham was educated in St. Raphael's School of this city and the family are communicants of the St. Raphael's church. Their home is at the corner of Burnett road and Harrison street, where 492 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Mr. Wickham has improved a fine property and now has an elegant country residence. He has watched with interest the material growth and improvement of the city and has co-operated in many movements for the general good, He votes with the Republican party. and belongs to the Knights of Columbus of Springfield, His life is a type of the utilitarian and progressive spirit of the age when maximum results are accomplished by minimum effort, business having been so systematized and all forces so utilized that the rapidity of growth and increase of business seems almost phenomenal. JOHN C. MILLER. It is an important public duty to honor and perpetuate as far as is possible the memory of an eminent citizen, one who, by his blameless and honorable life and distinguished career reflected credit not only upon the city but also upon the state and upon the profession which he represented. John C. Miller was long a distinguished member of the Clark county bar. A man of irreproachable private life, his example is indeed well worthy of emulation. The memory of his upright career should serve as an inspiration to those who knew him. A well known jurist of Illinois said : "In the American state the great and good lawyer must always be prominent, for he is one of the forces that move and control society. Public confidence has generally been reposed in the legal profession and it has ever been a defender of popular rights, the champion of freedom regulated by law, the firm support of good government, No political preferment, no mere place can add to the power or increase the honor which belongs to the pure and educated lawyer, Judge Miller was one honored by and an honor to the legal fraternity of Ohio. He stood prominent among the representative members of the bar of the state and he attained to his position through marked ability. Springfield may be proud to number him among her native sons. He was born in this city when it was but a village, his natal day being April 13, 1834. He came of an ancestry honorable and distinguished. In the maternal line he was a lineal descendant of Sir Charles Hedges, an English statesmen of the seventeenth century and a her of the cabinet of Queen Anne, the last reigning sovereign of the house of Stuart. In America the Miller family has figured prominently in public affairs establishing the history of the nation. The great-great-grandparents of the Judge were Robert and Elizabeth Miller, who, in 1738, left their home in Scotland and sailed to the new world, taking up their residence in Prince George county, Maryland, David Miller. the great-grandfather of the Judge, became a soldier of the Colonial army during the Revolutionary war and in 1778 gave up his life as a ransom for the liberty of the people. His son. Robert Miller, the grandfather of our subject, was born in Prince George county, Maryland, in 1767, and at the age of about thirty years became a resident of Kentucky, making his way into that state when the work of progress and improvement had scarcely been begun there and ere its admission to the Union, During the journey of the family to the new home in the western wilds Reuben Miller, the father of the Judge, was born, his birth occurring in Fayette county, Pennsylvania, January 19, 1797. At that time the emi- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 493 grant company were constructing keel boats to carry them down the Monongahela and Ohio rivers to their destination—the town of Limestone, Kentucky, now known as Maysville, Kentucky. Robert Miller took up his abode in Fleming county, that state, and became a prosperous landowner and slave-holder. He was also accounted one of the prominent and influential residents of his community. His was an irreproachable life in consistent harmony with his professions as a member of the Methodist Episcopal church, which he joined at an early age, In 1809, through the appointment of Bishop Asbury, he became a licensed local preacher and his strong, logical and convincing utterances made him a power in his denomination. He was a man of remarkable originality of thought and his diction was concise and forcible. His sermons were famous for graphic descriptions and illustrations and his words seldom failed to arouse his hearers in a way that left a deep impress upon their lives. With a keen sense of justice, it became apparent to him that the system of slave holidng was wrong, and acting upon his conviction. in 1812, he liberated all of his bondsmen and with his family removed to Champaign county, Ohio, settling upon a large tract of land on Pretty Prairie, which is now within the limits of Clark county. Reuben Miller, the father of the Judge, was reared upon the old homestead farm here and acquired his education in the schools of this portion of the state, He also bore his part in caring for the home farm and in controlling the property, giving his father the benefit of his assistamce until he reached his majority. About this time Reuben Miller was united in marriage to Miss Mary Hedges, a native of Berkeley county, West Virginia, and they became the parents of seven children : Mrs. Caroline H. Harris, who resided near Monticello, Illinois, but is now deceased; D. B., who was a physician of Covington, Kentucky, but has also passed away ; Mrs. Elizabeth N. Ogden, of Keokuk, Iowa, also deceased ; Robert Tabb, who died in Springfield just as he was entering upon .what appeared to be a very successful business career ; John C,, the subject of this sketch; Joseph N., a rear admiral of the United States navy, who is now living retired: and Henry R,, who is now a prominent citizen of Keokuk, Iowa. In order to provide for his family, Reuben Miller,. the father of our subject, engaged in teaching school and in surveying land. In 1826 he received the appointment of surveyor of Clark county and acted in that capacity for nine years in a most creditable manner. On the expiration of that period he was elected county auditor and his fidelity to duty and the confidence reposed in him is indicated by the fact that for eighteen consecutive years he filled that positiom. He inherited his father's talent for speaking and his zeal for religion, and during all the years of his public service he also acted as a local minister of the Methodist Episcopal church and tilled various pulpits of central Ohio on Sabbath days in the absence of the regular pastor. His public utterances were earnest, thoughtful, logical, and carried weight wherever he was heard, As a writer, too, he possessed more than ordinary ability and was a most entertaining conversationalist, being noted for his wit and humor. These characteristics have been found in many members of the Miller family and representatives of the name have therefore been of mere than local prominence and importance as well as influence. In taking up the personal history of 494 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Judge John C. Miller we present to our readers the life record of one of the distinguished sons of Clark county. His early education was supplemented by study in the Ohio Conference High School of Springfield, at which time the Rev, Solomon Howard was principal—a man of great learning, who afterward became president of the Ohio University of Athens. Judge Miller completed his course by graduation when only .fifteen years of age and after leaving school he entered a printing office where he learned the trade. When he had mastered it he became anxious to prepare for professional life and at the age of eighteen he entered upon the study of law under the direction of the lion. Samuel Shellabarger, who in later years became very prominent, both in the profession and on the floor of congress, where he represented his district for several terms and was one of the most prominent attorneys in the famous Hayes-Tilden contest. In April, 1855, after a thorough preparation, Mr, Miller was admitted to the bar of Ohio and a few years later began practice in Springfield. He entered upon his chosen work at a bar which numbered many distinguished members, but his ability, close application and indefatigable efforts soon won recognation and he gained a very desirable reputation for a young man—a reputation that increased as the years went by, gaining him distinction as a leading jurist of the state, In public affairs he was prominent and honored, In April, 1861, he was chosen mayor of Springfield by a very flattering majority and when the Civil war broke out, less than a month later, he immediately became identified with all of the measures for the promotion of recruiting, for relief to soldiers' families, and for everything that could pertain to the Union cause in defending its welfare. He was chairman of the citizens' military committee of Clark county, and he afterward served as a private in the One Hundred and Fifty-second Regiment of Ohio Infantry, in the company of Captain Bushnell, who was later governor of Ohio. In the fall of 1861 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Clark county and was several times realected to that office. In 1869 he was chosen city solicitor of Springfield and was retained in that position by continued re-elections until 1876, when he resigned to accept the office of probate judge, to which he had been elected in the previous October, Four times he was chosen for that position and before the close of his fifth term he was elected one of the judges of the court of common pleas of the second judicial district, at the general election in the fall of 1890. Taking his place upon the bench of that court. he there served until his death in 1900. A man of unimpeachable character, of natural intellectual endowments, with a thorough understanding of the law, patience, urbanity and industry, he took to the bench the very highest qualifications for this responsible office of the state government, and his record as a judge was in harmony with his record as a man and a lawyer—distinguished by unswerving integrity and a masterful grasp of every problem which presented itself for solution. He had a thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the published decisions of courts, but he was not a case lawyer. His own decisions were founded upon principles of law and attracted the attention of the profession throughout the state, Possessed of a keen, incisive intellect, the controlling points of a case were quickly perceived by him and his strong, thoroughly trained and logical mind enabled him to present his conclusions THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 495 tersely and concisely and in a manner to carry conviction, In the exercise of these high judicial qualifications Judge Miller was 'entirely impartial and independent, and yet always courteous and considerate. On the 4th of October, 1860, was celebrated the marriage of John C. Miller and Miss Marianna T, Hoglen, a daughter of James R. Hoglen, of Dayton, now deceased. They became the parents of two children: Robert J., who married Miss Freda Bretney, of Lebanon, Kentucky, and has a son, Robert Wickliffe; and Eleanor C,, the wife of Louis E. Niles, of New York city, The Judge's interest centered in his family and he considered no personal sacrifice on his behalf too great if it would promote the welfare and happiness of his wife and children. He was a member of Clark Lodge, No. 101, F, & A. M., and Palestine Commandery, No. 33, K. T, He also belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Junior Order of United American. Mechanics, and Mitchell Post, No, 45, G. A. R, In the line of his profession he was connected with the county and state bar associations and he was regarded as a valued representative of each social, political or professional organization with which he was connected. While he was inflexible in support. of everything which he considered to be right and of political principles which he endorsed, it can truly be said that Judge Miller was never an office seeker, but that political preferment came to him in recognition of his marked ability and superior merit. A contemporary biographer has said of him : "The irreproachability of his private life contributed to fix and maintain his place in public esteem and his great popularity was due to his recognized ability and magnetic personality," He voted with the Republican party, and his religious faith was that of the Methodist church, in which he long held membership. He was never narrow, however, but was found as the friend of all deserving people irrespective of creed or belief. When death claimed him the different societies with which he was connected attended his funeral in a body. Deep indeed was the regret felt throughout the community. It is said of an eminent man of old, that he has done things worthy to be written ; that he has written things worthy to be read ; and by his life has contributed to the welfare of the republic and the happiness of mankind. This eulogy can well be pronounced upon Judge Miller and the many who looked up to him and respected him realized as fully as did his social friends that a true man had fallen. REAR ADMIRAL JOSEPH N. MILLER. Upon the pages of history Rear Admiral Joseph N. Miller has engraven his name. With a laudable ambition for advancement, with devotion to his country's good, with marked merit and ability arising from thoroughness, close application and enterprising industry, he attained to high rank in the navy and when his years of service had reached the number which merits retirement his name was placed upon the list of those from whom no longer active aid is required. Admiral Miller was born in Springfield, Ohio, November 22, 1836, and is a son of Reuben Miller, who was long a prominent office holder and influential citizen of Clark county, identified with the development of this portion of the state from its pioneer times. In early life Admiral Miller became 496 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. imbued with a desire to become a member of his country's navy and after passing the required examination he was appointed an acting midshipman at the naval academy at Annapolis, on the 1st of October, 1851. In February, 1852, he was advanced one year and was graduated .with third rank in his class in June, 1854. In the meantime he had made two cruises in practice on the ship Preble, in 1852-53. From the 1st of September, 1854, until the 20th. of September. 1856, he served on board the United States flag ship Independence, in the Pacific squadron, and on the 22d of November, of the latter year, he passed his final examination and was warranted as a past midshipman in the navy. From the 10th of February, 1857, until October 26, 1858, he was assistant in the department of ethics and English studies in the naval academy, and on the 22d of in the navy. From the 2d of November, January, 1858, he was warranted as master 1858, until September 24, 1860, Admiral Miller served on board the United States ship Preble on the Paraguay expedition and in the Home Squadron, and assisted in the capture of the steamers General Miramon and Marquis de la Habana. off Vera Cruz, Mexico, on March 6, 1860, He was commissioned as a lieutenant of the navy February 19, 1860, and was assistant in the department of ethics and English studies at the naval academy from October of that year until the breaking out of the Rebellion in April, 1861. At that time he was detached and ordered to the brig Perry, which was being fitted out in New York, and which was employed on the blockade and captured the privateer Savannah, off the coast of Charleston on the 3d of June, 1861, this being the first privateer captured during the war, In November, 1861, Admiral Miller was transferred to the United States steamer Cambridge, as executive officer, and was in the action when the Cumberland and Congress were destroyed by the Merrimac, on the 12th of March, 1862, In May of that year he was transferred to the practice ship John Adams, and in August was detached on application for active service: He was commissioned as a lieutenant commander of the navy July 16, 1862, and from September following until June, 1863, he served on board the ironclad Passaic as executive officer, and was present at the naval attack on Fort McAllister, March 3, 1863, and the attack on Fort Sumter ,April 7, 1863. In June of the same year he was appointed to duty with Admiral Gregory in New York, superintending the construction of ironclads, and in September, 1863, he was ordered as executive officer of the United States steamer Sacramento, from which, in November, he was transferred to the ironclad Sangamon, on the blockade off Charleston. In April, 1864, he became commander of the ironclad Nahant, and in May he was detached from that ship and granted a sick leave. When he had recovered his health, in the following August, he was ordered to the ironclad steamer Monadnock, and was present in both attacks on Fort Fisher, the first on the 24th and 25th of December, 1864, and the second on the 13th, 14th and 15th of January, 1865. In February, of the latter year, he was detached from the Monadnock and ordered to the naval academy as head of the department of seamanship and commanded the practice ship Marion during the summer cruise of 1865, From that ship he was detached on the 30th of September, 1865, and assigned to duty at the naval academy as head of the department of ethics and English studies, and in September, 1867, he was or- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 497 dered to the United States steamer Powhattan, belonging to the South Pacific Squadron. There he served in the Pacific waters and in the Gulf of Mexico until January 5, 1870, when he was detached and placed on leave of absence, He was commissioned as commander in the navy of the United States January 25, 1870, and in February of that year was ordered to duty at the New York navy yard, whence in April he was ordered to the South Pacific Squadron as chief of staff, In February. 1871, he was assigned to the command of the United States steamer Ossipee, in addition to his duties as chief of staff. In December, 1872, he was detached from that vessel and placed on waiting orders, In January, 1873, the order came which made him executive officer of the naval station at New London. In February he was transferred to the hydro-graphic office at Washington as assistant hydrographer, In November he was ordered to. command the ironclad Ajax, which joined the fleet at Rey West, assembled in anticipation of trouble with Spain, In June, 1874, he was detached from the Ajax and again assigned as assistant hydrographer, and in. August, 1875. he was ordered to the command of the United States steamer Tuscarora, which ran a line of deep sea soundings from the Sandwich to the Fiji islands and Australia. In September, 1876, he was detached from the Tuscarora and placed on leave. After enjoying a brief rest, in the month of December of the same year he was ordered as assistant to the chief of bureau of yards and docks, and in March following he was detached from that service and ordered as inspector of the Eleventh lighthouse district, which embraced Lakes Huron, Michigan and Superior, On the 1st of October, 1880, he was detached from light house duty and ordered on special duty in the navy department at Washington, D. C. Commander Miller was promoted to the captaincy in 1881, and since then has been in command of the recruiting ship Wabash; command of the flagship Tennessee; member of the Jeanette court of inquiry; captain of the navy yard at New York; commander of the United States ship Chicago, flagship of the squadron of evolution; in command of the training ship Vermont ; and was commandant of the Boston navy yard from August, 1894, until 1897, Being at the head of the list of his grade, he was promoted to the rear admiralty on the retirement of Rear Admiral Walker in March, 1897. With General Miles he represented the United States at the Queen's Diamond Jubilee. Later he was in command of the Pacfic Squadron at Honolulu and raised the United States flag on the annexation of the Hawaiian islands. Admiral Miller has been twice married, his first wife being a daughter of Captain Joseph Comstock, captain of one of the vessels of the Cunard line. She died about a year after their marriage, and several years later he married Miss Helen Wills, a prominent Baltimore lady. They had one child, a beautiful daughter, whose death occurred in England during the jubilee festivities. She was buried in the Woolsey necropolis near London. The Admiral was retired in October, 1898, and now makes his home in New York city. The student who reads between the lines will recognize qualities in him without which there is no advancement in naval service. From the time when, as an active midshipman, he went to Annapolis, he was found faithful to duty, discharging every task assigned to him with dispatch and ac- 498 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. curacy. He mastered the science of naval warfare in all its departments and in its practice he was found equally proficient. Thus he gained advancement from one position to another and important trusts were reposed in him, with the result that the country has been benefited by his efforts in her behalf. He saw active warfare during the civil strife, and through many years has occupied prominent positions in guarding the interests of the nation and instructing those who have arisen to take the place of others who have at one time been members of the navy. Such a career is worthy the gratitude and recognition of the nation and Admiral Miller is honored by those who are at all familiar with his career. PAUL A. STALEY, Among Ohio's honored native sons and Springfield's representative citizens stands Mr, Staley, who by the exercise of his native abilities and those acquired through diligent effort has secured a foremost place at the bar, He conies of a family noted for strong intellectuality and mental force, and, though deprived of many of the advantages which have aided in their life work some of the most eminent jurists of our country, he has made the most of his opportunities, overcoming the difficulties and obstacles in his path, steadily working his way upward until he has left the ranks of the many and gained a place among the honored and successful few. His energies have not been dissipated over a wide field, but have been concentrated in a particular line, and thus he has become known as one of the most able patent law yers of the nation. In the courts of the country have been tried criminal cases which have attracted widespread attention, but no more absorbing interest has been elicited than by patent cases which have involved the claims to inventions of the utmost importance. These claims involye immense financial interests, and the trial of such cases has come to be regarded as a special department of law. The successful patent lawyer must possess not only a broad and thorough knowledge of authorities, able power as an advocate and a keen, comprehensive mind that quickly and surely masters the situation, but must also have considerable scientific knowledge and mechanical ingenuity, for in this field of practice many complications are involyed, which demand the exercise of peculiar talents and a knowledge to be gained from peculiar experience. Paul A. Staley was born in Mechanicsburg, Champaign county, Ohio, May 1, 1859, and conies of a family of German lineage. His parents were Stephen and Emma (Rathbun) Staley. His paternal and maternal grandparents lived to reach advanced ages, and his maternal grandfather was a stanch abolitionist, his home being a station on the famous underground railroad. The paternal grandfather of our subject was a very wealthy man and owned nearly all of the land upon which Mechanicsburg is located, The Rathbuns were also well-to-do and they were of English ancestry. Stephen Staley is still a resident of Champaign county. He was educated in the public schools there and both he and his wife were successful teachers for several years, By trade, however, he is a miller. He is now sixty-nine years of age, THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 499 while his wife has reached the age of sixty-five years. They were the parents of ,four children: William C., who is traffic manager of the Western Grocery Company, in Chicago, Illinois ; Paul A., of this review ; Elizabeth, the wife of M. A, Saxteder, of Chicago; and Florence, the wife of Joseph E. Wing, of Mechanicsburg. The children were educated in the public schools and for a time the eldest son attended college. The father was identified with various manufacturing interests in Champaign county, but is now living a retired life. He is a well read man, having gained a broad knowledge concerning sciences as well as general literature, and his comprehensive learning has made him authority upon many subjects, He is well preserved, although he has led a very active life and both he and his wife enjoy the high regard of a large circle of friends. Paul A. Staley spent his boyhood days under the parental roof and in early life worked in the machine shops of Mechanicsburg, thoroughly mastering the business, for which he has special adaptability. He inherits his father's splendid mechanical talents, while from his mother's people he receives excellent business ability. He became a mechanical engineer and in 1878 he removed to Springfield, where he was identified with the Whiteley Manufacturing Company as a mechanical draughtsman. He also became interested in patent business and in 1880 he went to Chicago where he took up the study of law and was likewise there engaged in preparing mechanical plans and specifications, being employed at a lucrative salary. He remained there until 1884, when he returned to Springfield. He had been admitted to the bar of Chicago the previous year and on returning to Ohio he opened an office in this city. He did some expert work in the legal departments of patent law and he followed a successful business which rapidly increased until now he is at the head of a very extensive practice, his patronage coming from a broad district. While in Chicago he was associated with such well known attorneys as George P. Barton and the firm of Harrison & Hare, being at the head of their soliciting department for some time. It was while there that he decided that he would become a specialist in the line of patent law., his natural ability for mechanical pursuits largely adding to his proficiency ins this direction. Steadily he has built up a good patronage and has been very successful. In 1900 he admitted B. Bowman to a partnership and they are now engaged in general practice as well as in patent law, but our subject devotes the greater part of his attention to the latter. The intricate and scientific points of jurisprudence claim his interest and to patent law he has been giving close attention, standing in the front rank among those who are connected with this department. The business of the firm is all done in the United States courts and their patronage is drawn from all parts of the country. Mr. Staley was married in Leavenworth, Kansas, in 1889, to Jamesonia Dickson, who was born in 1864 and died in 1900. They had two children, Ruth and Kate. In his political views Mr. Staley is a Republican and he belongs to Lagonda Club. He was a member of the board of trade for some time but is not now associated with that organization. His best thought and tireless energy have been given to his profession, and as a lawyer he is noted for his care, skill and faithfulness to