THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 51 school. On putting aside his text books he secured employment under R. D. Hughes, of the American Express Company at Dayton, Ohio, but at the end of one year resigned his position, being called home to take charge of his father's extensive business, which included the supervision of large tracts of farming lands as well as the control of the linseed oil mill and other milling business and of grain supplies. Mr. Harshman assumed the duty of looking after the grinding, buying and selling of mill products and at the same time he was extensively engaged in buying and shipping grain. He continued in active charge of the business until 1886, when he entered into partnership with his brother, Samuel R., under the firm name of S. R. Harshman & Brother. This relation was maintained for four years, at the end of which time the subject of this review. sold his interest to his brothers and removed to Clark county, locating in Enon. Since that time Mr:. Harshman has been a factor in trade relations and in the business development of his portion of Ohio. He became a grain merchant of Enon, building there an elevator which was afterward destroyed by fire and which he rebuilt in 1900. In 1893 his attention was attracted to the work of constructing electric railways. He believed that there was a bright future for that enterprise and was instrumental in securing the right of way for the Dayton. Springfield & Urbana Electric Railroad. He became the vice president of the company and later president and is still serving in that capacity. He is also interested in the Columbus, London & Springfield Electric Railway, is president of the company and from its organization has been at its head. He is also interested in the - 3 - Springfield & Western Electric Railway Company, of which he is the president; is president of the Urbana, Bellefontaine & Northern Railway Company, and the Columbus, Delaware & Marion Electric Railway Company. It will thus be seen that Mr. Harshman has 'been a most active factor in the establishment and control of electric railway lines. This interurban transportation has been a marked step in advancement along transportation lines and is indicative of the progressive spirit which so characterizes America. The efforts of Mr. Harsh-man have indeed been fruitful and have likewise proven of great benefit to the communities into which his electric railways have been extended. The business interest that receives his co-operation gained its fortune because of his wise council, keen discernment and sound judgment. He is now the vice president of the Citizens National Bank of Springfield ; is the president of the Victor Rubber Tire Company; is interested in the Kyle Art Glass Company of Springfield, and was one of its organizers. He was also vice president of the Harshman Shoe Manufacturing Company, of Harshman, Ohio, until the sale of the factory to a Wisconsin concern. What Mr. Harshman has accomplished in the world of commerce cannot adequately be told in words. It is certainly not asserting too much to say of one who, can direct and control a business of such magnitude, that he must possess, aside from mercantile foresight and sagacity, the happy faculty of reading and judging men, unusual powers of organization and executive ability, in a word, that his must be a master mind. And yet, if one shall seek in Mr. Harshman's career the causes that have led to his success, they will be found along the lines of well tried and old time 52 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. maxims. Honesty and fair dealing, promptness, truthfulness, fidelity—all these are strictly adhered to. Faithfulness on the part of employes is promoted by the knowledge that good service means advancement as opportunity opens and that neglect of duty will not be tolerated, and is further enhanced by the interest taken by the employer in the personal welfare of the deserving. In 1887 Mr. Harshman was united in marriage to Miss Mary Snyder, of Snyderville, Ohio, a daughter of the late Henry Snyder, of Springfield. Her uncle was one of the most highly honored and respected citizens of this place and proved a public benefactor to the city, making a donation of two hundred and sixty acres of land for park purposes, which r is now known as Snyder's Park. He married Anna Hertzler, a daughter of Daniel Hertzler, who some years ago was murdered at his home. The marriage of our subject and his wife has been blessed with three children : Anna S., George W. and Virginia V. Mr. Harshman votes with the Republican party but has never sought or desired office. He is not only recognized as a most enterprising citizen but is broad and liberal in his views and well versed on all matters of general interest. His beautiful home stands just outside the corporation limits of Springfield and is adorned with all the accessories which wealth can secure and refined tastes suggest. FRANK BALDWIN. Frank Baldwin, who is filling the position of justice of the peace for Moorefield township, is a public officer in whom his fel low townsmen have every reason to place their trust and confidence for his loyalty and fidelity to; duty and his promptness in the execution of public obligations have been many times demonstrated. He is a native of the township in which he still lives. his birth having occurred September 3, 1841, just across the Big Four Railroad from his present farm on the old family homestead which is now occupied by his brother, William Baldwin. His parents were Samuel Vance and Catherine ( Van Meter) Baldwin. The father was a native of Gerrardstown, Berkeley county, West Virginia, and was about nineteen years of age when he came to Ohio with his father, Joseph Baldwin, who settled in Moorefield township. Clark county, then a part of Champaign county. Here the grandfather spent his remaining days and became the owner of a large tract of land. He had owned a tannery in Virginia but traded it for property in this state, and in addition to three hundred acres which he purchased, he inherited considerable land which came to him from his eldest son, William Baldwin, who had secured a fortune in New York which he had invested in the Ohio real estate and as he died unmarried, at the age of forty-eight years, his property therefore reverted to the family. Samuel V. Baldwin, the father of our subject, spent his boyhood days on the old family homestead, assisting in the arduous task of developing a new farm. His early education acquired in the common schools was supplemented by study in Oxford, Ohio, and when his literary course was completed he took up the study of the law and was admitted to the bar. He had also studied to some extent in Indianapolis, but completed his course in Urbana, Ohio. Throughout his remaining clays he was engaged in the THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 53 practice of law except during- the period when he served as probate judge. He was called to that office at the time it was created and acted in that capacity until his death, covering a period of twelve or fourteen years. This fact indicates in an unmistakable manner his fidelity to the duties of the profession and his fairness in rendering decisions. In Union township, Champaign county, he wedded Catherine Van Meter and they became the parents of seven children : William, who is now residing in Moorefield township, Married Emily Reed, and has four children. He, too, prepared for the bar and engaged in the practice of law for a number of years, but is now living retired on the old home place. Joseph H., who married Lyda. Skillman, by whom he has one child, is living retired in Springfield. Caroline is the wife of J. W. Anderson, a druggist of Urbana. John R., who, joined the service in the Civil war as a private of Company G, Sixty-sixth Ohio _Volunteer Infantry, was promoted to the rank of sergeant and died of pneumonia in a hospital at Washington. He had wedded Mary M. McCorkle and left one son. Frank is the next of the family. Jennie died in 1863, at the age of seventeen years; and Mary, who completes the family, has also passed away. Frank Baldwin spent his boyhood days in Urbana, his people having removed to that city when he was only about a year Old. At the usual age he entered the public schools there and was graduated in the high school. The question of slavery and the attitude of the south regarding it was one largely discussed in the family and the spirit of patriotism was dominant. On the twentieth anniversary of his birth Frank Baldwin offered his services to the govern ment, joining the boys in blue of Company G, Sixty-sixth Ohio Infantry, was promoted to the rank of first lieutenant of Company I, of the same regiment, and was acting quartermaster of the regiment at the close of the War. In the meantime he had veteranized and remained with his command until the cessation of hostilities. He had participated in the engagement of Port Republic, in the battles of the Shenandoah valley, of Chancellorsville and Gettysburg, and went with Sherman when the Union troops marched with that gallant leader from Atlanta to the sea coast. He never missed an engagement in which his regiment participated and was in many of the hardest fought battles of the war, including the last one, at Bentonville, North Carolina. He afterward took part in the grand review in Washington, a military pageant which has been unequaled in the western hemisphere. On several occasions he was struck by spent balls, and he sustained a slight wound at Peach Tree Creek, but was never disabled nor left his command. Many times he narrowly escaped death, his clothing being pierced by rebel bullets. Twice he was in the hospital at Washington, the first time about a week, after which he came home for a short visit. He could not obtain a furlough, but his colonel took him down town and told him to go home and stay until he had recovered his health, and that he would take care of his record. In 1867 Mr. Baldwin went to Macoupin county, Illinois, where he remained for several years engaged in herding cattle. Returning to Springfield, he was married in that city in 1872 to Miss J. S. Nagley, a native daughter of this county, her parents being Henry B. and Mary J. (Wright) Nagley. After their marriage the young cou- 54 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ple spent two years in Indiana, and in 1872 returned to Clark county, where they have since made their home. Their marriage has been blessed with six children : Laura C., the wife of J. W. Anderson, of Springfield, by whom she has two sons; Helen, at home; Mary Janette, who is teaching school; Ruth, who is a graduate of the Urbana high school ; Frances L., a student in Urbana; and Pauline. In 1864 Mr. Baldwin cast his first presidential vote for Abraham Lincoln and ha.s ever been an earnest Republican. In 1876 he was elected justice of the peace and has served in that office altogether for about eighteen years. During this time he has tried many cases and his rulings have never been reversed. He has also compromised many cases, for he always advises such a course rather than bring the differences into court. Without fear or favor he has discharged the duties of his office and that he has the entire counfidence of the public is indicated by his long continuance in that position. Throughout his business career he has carried on farming and stock raising and is today the owner of a valuable property in Moorefield township. FRANK ERTER. Frank Erter. who carries on general farming in Moorefield township, was born within its borders October 3. 1856, his parents being John and Nancy (Grebe) Erter. The father was probably a native of Maryland, and in early life came to Ohio with his parents who located on Urbana pike, in Clark county, where the grandfather rented land for a. time. Later he removed to Logan county, where he purchased a farm and there resided until his life's labors were ended in death. John Erter was probably married before his people removed to Logan county. He, too, made farming his life work and became the owner of about three hundred and eighty acres of rich land, in the cultivation of which he manifested marked industry and enterprise so that he won a very gratifying competence. In his political views he was a Republican and served as a trustee of Moorefield township. His death occurred in 1876, while his wife, who was born in 1818, still survives him and now resides with her daughter, Mrs. John Hare, on the Urbana pike, in Champain county. Frank Erter, who was the sixth of their family of seven children, spent his boyhood days upon the home farm and attained a common-school education. He assisted his father not only in the work of the fields, but also in paying off the indebtedness upon the place. and when he had attained his majority he took charge of the home farm which he operated for a number of years. On the 1st of May, 1890, in the home of the bride at No. 81 Lagonda avenue, in Springfield, he married Miss Laura J. Cowan. who was born near Pitchin, in Springfield township, Clark county, November 7, 1858. a daughter of Hugh and Marjorie ( Elder) Cowan. Her father passed away in February. 1898. but her mother survives and is still living. on Lagonda avenue. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Erter has been blessed with two sons, Harry J., who was born on Lagonda avenue in Springfield, April 1o, 1892. and Stanley, whose birth occurred on the home farm, July 20, 1897. Mr. Erter purchased his present farm in 1892 with money which he had himself earned, and now has one hundred and four acres of rich land. The THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 55 house is one of the old landmarks of this portion of the county, but is in a good state of preservation. His fields are well tilled and he annually harvests good crops which result from the care and labor he bestows upon his place. Keeping well informed on the political issues of the day, as every true American citizen should do, he votes with the Republican party which he has supported since casting his first presidential vote for Garfield in 1880. He has never been an office seeker, however, preferring to give his entire time and attention to his business affairs in which he is meeting with creditable and gratifying success. It will be interesting in this connection to note something of the family history of Mrs. Erter. Her father, Hugh Cowan, was born on the Selma pike, three and one-half miles south of the county seat in Springfield township, March 27, 1824. his parents being David and Jane ( Steele) Cowan. David Cowan was a native of Pennsylvania and during his boyhood removed with his parents to Kentucky, where he was reared and married, coming thence to Ohio. He took up his abode on the farm where his son Hugh was born in Green township, eight miles as the David Cowan farm. There Hugh Cowan was reared and in the district schools of the neighborhood attained a fair education. He married Miss Marjorie Elder, who was born in Green township, eight miles south of Springfield, April 17, 1834, a daughter of Robert and Nancy (Elder) Elder. Her father was born in Dauphin county, Pennsylvania, in 1803, and was a son of Robert and Ann Elder. Mrs. Erter's maternal grandmother was Nancy Elder and her family name in maidenhood was the same. she being a distant relative of her husband. She was also born in Pennsylvania. but it is not definitely known whether in Dauphin or in Indiana county. After the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Cowan they made their home on the old home farm, living there up to the time of the death of Mr. Cowan with the exception of one year which they .spent in Cass county, Missouri. Not liking that locality, however, they returned to Ohio and Mr. Cowan passed away on the 26th of January, 1898. In the family of this worthy couple were seven children of whom Mrs. Erter is the eldest ; David S., a farmer of Springfield township, who was born June 7, 1861, and married Minnie Haley ; Agnes, who died at the age of nineteen years ; Mary, wife of Bert Sellers, a resident of Dayton ; Elder, who married Katie Prindle, of Ashtabula, Ohio, where they are living with their one child, Jane ; Harriet B., born January 27, 1872 ; and Grace A., who died at the age of twenty-two years. Mr. Cowan was a Republican, believing firmly in the principles of the party. At the time of the Civil war he became a member of the state militia, joining the "Squirrel Hunters." and went out on the raid against General Morgan. He held membership in the United Presbyterian church and his was an upright, honorable life in which his fidelity to the duties of citizenship and to home relations and family ties gained him the warm regard and respect of those with whom he was associated.   WILLIAM BALDWIN. William Baldwin, a retired attorney and an honored veteran of the Civil war, now living on the old family homestead in Moore- 56 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. field township, was born in Urbana, January II, 1834, his father, Samuel Vance Baldwin, owning both the home farm and the adjoining property. The family is one of long connection with Clark county, for the grandfather located here about 1809. He took an active part in the work of pioneer development, sharing in the arduous task of transforming the wild land into good farms, and the work he began has been carried on by his descendants, the family ever being known as a valued and representative one of this portion of the state. Samuel Vance Baldwin was an attorney and practiced successfully for many years. Beside his home in Urbana he owned the farm upon which William Baldwin now resides. He had here five hundred and twenty acres of land and in connection with its cultivation he likewise operated a mill here. He also had one thousand acres in Champaign county, so that his landed possessions aggregated almost sixteen hundred acres. The mill had been erected before the property came into his possession. Samuel V. Baldwin became prominent in public affairs and was a progressive citizen, co-operating heartily in every movement and measure which he believed would contribute to the general good. He married Catherine Van Meter and in their family were eight children, of whom the subject of this review is the eldest. Upon the home farm and in the city home in Urbana William Baldwin spent the days of his boyhood and youth. He acquired his education in the Urbana schools and afterward took up the study of law under the direction of Judge Ichabod Corwin, of that city. Later he pursued a course of lectures in the Cincinnati Law School, was graduated in 1858 and then began prac tice at Urbana, remaining a member of the bar at that place until 1861, when in response to President Lincoln's first call for Union soldiers to serve for three months he offered his aid to the government and became the captain of the first company organized in Urbana. With his command he left .that city the day following the one upon which Fort Sumter was fired upon. His command became Company K. of the Second Ohio Infantry, and was in the first battle of Bull Run, but as Captain Baldwin had been detailed for special service he did not participate in that engagement. In August, his term of service haying expired, he returned home, but almost immediately he re-enlisted and was commissioned second lieutenant of Company D, Twenty-sixth Ohio Infantry. Later he was promoted to first lieutenant and afterward became captain of Company G, retaining that rank until breveted major. He was in the service altogether for about six years, doing garrison duty after the close of the war. His last service was in command of old Fort Sullivan, at the mouth of the St. Croix. At Missionary Ridge he was wounded in the side of the head and temporarily disabled while making a charge, but later he led his men over the breastworks. At the foot of Kenesaw Mountain he was shot in the lower left thigh, on the 25th of June, 1864, the day after General Polk was killed. Major Baldwin was then sent to the general hospital at Cincinnati, his injury disabling him for eight months, but as soon as possible he rejoined his regiment at Huntsville, Alabama, this being near the close of the war. A short time before the cessation of hostilities he claimed his discharge, which was granted him, but later he was appointed first: lieutenant of Company C, of the Third Regi- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 57 ment Veteran Reserve Corps, with which he remained until the close of his military services. He had indeed been a loyal defender of the Union cause and through almost six years he wore the blue uniform of the nation, faithfully upholding its banner wherever duty called him. Soon after his return home Major Baldwin was married to Miss Emily Reed, a daughter of Joel and Leah ( Weldin) Reed. Unto them have been born four children : William, who is now cashier for the American Express Company, in Columbus, married Susan Cline, of Osborne, Ohio, and has a little son, William Robert. Blanche is the wife of James W. Roberts, of Moorefield township, and they have a daughter, Blanche. Leah is the wife of A. G. Dey, manager for the Rogers Iron Company, at Springfield, Ohio. Reed, nineteen years of age, is at home. At the time of his marriage Major Baldwin owned a farm in Champaign county, which he afterward sold, removing to Wichita, Kansas. He built the first house in the town, although he was not the first settler there. From the government he purchased land and made his home in Wichita for seven years. The city grew rapidly and he became a prominent and influential factor in public affairs. While there he was elected city attorney five times and he prepared the charter under which. the city was organized. He was also elected and served as probate judge of Sedgwick county, and was elected to represent his district in the state legislature and would have been reelected had he not moved to Washington. He was also commissioned colonel of the Kansas National Militia on Governor Osborn's staff. While residing at Wichita he received an appointment to a government position at Washington and resided in the capital city for five years, after which. he returned to Clark county, where he has since lived. He is now retired from the practice of the law, his attention being given to the supervision of his farming interests in Moorefield township. In politics he has always been a stalwart Republican where matters of national importance are involved, but at local elections he votes independently. His first ballot was cast for General John C. Fremont. He became a member of B. B. French Lodge, No. 15, F. & A. M., in Washington, and by special dispensation received the Master Mason degree within three days. THOMAS EDWARD HARWOOD. Thomas E. Harwood is the president and business manager of the T. E. Harwood Printing & Publishing Company of Springfield. It is no uncommon thing in this country to meet men who have worked their way upward from humble beginnings to positions of affluence. Mr. Harwood, from the humble capacity of journeyman printer, has advanced until he stands. at the head of the Harwood Printing & Publishing Company and in this position is controlling an extensive and important business, including the publication of the Gazette, which is the oldest existing journal of Clark county, established in 1872. There is also a well equipped job printing and 'binding establishment and each department of the business has become a paying one. Thomas E. Harwood was born in Cincinnati. Ohio, May 26, 1846, and is a son of Francis Lee and Mary (Coffman) Harwood. The father, a native of Warwick 58 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. county, Virginia, was a cousin of General Robert E. Lee, and during his youth removed to Newark, Ohio, while subsequently he became a resident of Cincinnati, where he was engaged in contracting and building. Later in life, however, he returned to Newark, where he died in 1862, his wife surviving him, aged ninety years. Both were devoted members of the Baptist church, and in his political views Mr. Harwood, Sr., was a Democrat. At the age of twelve years Thomas Edward Harwood was apprenticed to learn the printer's trade in the office of the Advocate, at Newark, then owned by Hon. W. D. Morgan, at one time secretary of state of Ohio. He completed his full term of service and subsequently worked as a journeyman in Newark, Columbus, Cincinnati, Louisville, Kentucky, and then came to Springfield in 1865. Here he secured a similar situation and was employed in various offices in that capacity until he was made city editor of the Weekly Gazette, and in 1873 he purchased the paper, which was conducted solely as a weekly journal for three years, when he also 'began the publication of the Daily Gazette. He continued alone in business until he admitted his son, Frank C., in partnership under the firm name of T. E. Harwood & Son, and in 1898 the business was incorporated as the T. E. Harwood Printing & Publishing Company, of which our subject is the president. Both the daily and weekly Gazette rank among the leading papers of southwestern Ohio, and from 1872 the Gazette has 'been continuously published, making it the oldest existing paper of the county. It is a Republican sheet devoted to the welfare and interests of the party, and is likewise found as the advocate of every measure and movement calculated to prove of practical benefit to the city along lines of progress, reform and improvement. Not only are the members of the company actively engaged in the publication of this journal but are also devoting their time with success to the control of a job printing business and a bindery establishment, in both of which they have secured a liberal patronage, and these interests, combined with the publication of the Gazette, returns to the firm an excellent income from their investment. Mr. Harwood was united in marriage to Miss Anna M. Hartstone, a daughter of Frederick Hartstone, of Springfield, and the marriage, which was celebrated on the 19th of October, 1868, has been blessed with ten children, eight of whom are still living. Frank C., the eldest, is managing editor of the Gazette and vice-president of the T. E. Harwood Printing & Publishing Company. Fred H., who is one of the directors of the company, was quartermaster sergeant of the Tenth Ohio Regiment during the Spanish-American war, and also sergeant-major of the Thirty-first Regiment, doing two years' service in the Philippines, and is now chief clerk in the department of works in Manila. Lee Edward is serving as city editor of the Gazette; Charles A., who until recently was a clerk in the office of the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company, is now in the office of the International Harvester Company at Evansville, Indiana. Ralph C. and Kenneth S. are students in business colleges. Jessie Manton is now the wife of John L. Bushnell, of Springfield. Nannie L. completes the family. Mr. and Mrs. Harwood and their children are members of the High street Methodist Episcopal church and with this .denomination he has been identified for a number of years. He has erected for his THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 59 family a comfortable home on South Fountain avenue, where, with his wife and younger children, he is now living. In his political views he is now a stalwart Republican, but early in life was identified with the Democratic party. He is looked upon as a valued and helpful supporter of his party and frequently is called as a delegate to the state and other conventions. His time since entering the Gazette office has been devoted to the upbuilding of the paper and in this regard his labors have met with some success, for the Gazette is not only the oldest existing journal of Clark county, but is recognized as one of the leading newspaper publications of Springfield and southwestern Ohio. THOMAS FLETCHER McGREW. Among the pioneer families of the county whose early history runs into other counties of the state, is the McGrew family. The head of this family in Clark county is Thomas Fletcher McGrew, who was born in Steubenville, Jefferson county, Ohio, April 13, 1817. Mr. McGrew is the youngest of a family of ten children, his father, John McGrew, haying moved from Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, to Ohio early in the last century. The family originally came from Adams county, Pennsylvania where Robert McGrew, the first member of the family to come to America, settled in 1727. In early life Mr. McGrew studied law and practiced his profession for a number of years, at the same time taking an active part in the politics of his county and state. On April 8, 1841, he was married to Martha Dilworth Judkins, in Smithfield, Ohio, the home of the bride, and where some of the members of the family still reside. Mrs. McGrew was born August 12, 1819. and was the daughter of Dr. Anderson Judkins, a prominent physician of his day, and her mother was Catherine Carr Judkins, whose father, James Carr, laid out Smithfield in 1803 and built the first house in the town. The Carrs originally came from Maryland and were prominent people among the early settlers of that state. One of Mrs. McGrew's sisters married General John S. Mason, who for a number of years resided in Springfield, Ohio. Mrs. McGrew died on December 10, 1900, and is buried in Ferncliff cemetery. To Thomas and Martha McGrew were born six children, William A., Samuel F., Thomas F., John F., Baldwin and Elizabeth, the last named dying in early childhood.. All the other children are living and all were born in Steubenville, Ohio, except Baldwin, who was born in Springfield. Mr. McGrew removed to Springfield in 1856 to accept a position with the Mad River Valley Branch Bank of the state of Ohio, now the Mad River National Bank, of which institution Mr. McGrew is now the president. The eldest son, William A. McGrew, was a captain in the war of the Rebellion and shortly after his marriage, in 1861, to Miss Elizabeth Richardson, he moved to the west and is now a resident of Denver, Colorado. Samuel F. McGrew, the second son, graduated from Wittenberg College at the age of sixteen years and after a short time became connected with the Mad River National Bank, of Springfield, Ohio. and is at the present time the cashier of that institution. Mr. McGrew, while never taking a very active part in politics, has held a number of important offices in his home city and has always manifested a deep in- 60 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. terest in her affairs. He was married to Miss Elizabeth E. Baldwin, in 1869, and his family consists of two sons, John B. McGrew and Samuel J. McGrew. John B. McGrew, the eldest son, is an attorney by profession, and is at the present time the prosecuting attorney of Clark county. Samuel J. McGrew, the second son, was an officer in Company M, Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the Spanish-American war and is at the present time connected with the Mad River National Bank. Thomas F. McGrew married Miss Clara J., Baldwin, and he with his -wife and two children, Thomas W. and Clara J. McGrew, are living in New York city. John Franklin McGrew married Miss Fannie Bushnell, and with their two daughters, Ellen McGrew and Fannie McGrew, are living in Springfield. Mr. McGrew is an attorney at law and practices his profession in his home city. He at one time represented Clark county in the state legislature and is at present one of the trustees of the Ohio State Library. Baldwin McGrew, the youngest son, married Miss Mary Elizabeth Young, of Troy, Ohio, and resides in the city of Springfield with his family, which consists of one daughter, Miss Ann Elizabeth McGrew. Mr. McGrew is engaged in active business in Springfield and is interested in a number of the city's commercial instituti ons. OSCAR J. ROCKEL. Oscar J. Rockel, who follows farming in German township was born within its borders December 26, 186o. His parents, Henry and Mary Ann (Richards) Rockel, are both still living. The father was born in German township, March 14, 1835, and is a son of Adam and Mary (Baker) Rockel. The grandfather was born in Northampton county, Pennsylvania, November 12, 1793, and died May 13, 1884, while his wife, who was born in Shenandoah county, Virginia, passed away April 14, 1886. The great-grandparents were Peter and Ann Maria (Brown) Rockel, who in 1822 started with their family to Ohio. They made the journey by wagon, bringing with them their household effects. They were the parents of nine children, of whom three remained in Pennsylvania. One of the daughters who came with them was the wife of Peter Kern, who also accompanied the party. On reaching their destination Peter Rockel purchased land, which is still known as the Rockel farm, just south of Tremont. There associated with his sons. Adam and Peter, he became the owner of one hundred and ninety-two acres of land, and of this ninety-six acres is now in possession of Henry Rockel, the father of our subject, while the remainder is owned by other descendants. Peter Rockel, Sr., had followed milling in Pennsylvania, but after locating in Ohio he abandoned that pursuit. He was not long permitted to enjoy his new home, his death occurring about two years after his arrival, when he was sixty-three years of age. His wife, surviving him for some time, passed away about 1841. Adam Rockel, the grandfather of our subject, spent his boyhood days on the home farm and also worked in his father's mill until the war of 1812, when he was drafted for service. He went to the front under General Henry Sherring, but was never in any battle. After the war he was again at home in Pennsylvania until 1822, when with the family he came to Ohio. He was mar- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 61 ried in Clark county to Miss Baker. A shoemaker by trade, for a time he visited the people's houses, making shoes for the diferent members of the family and he also carried on farming. He was well educated in both German and English and was a consistent Christian, holding membership in the Lutheran church and serving for many years as one of its officers. In his political views he as a Jacksonian Democrat and though he never sought or desired office, his fellow townsmen insisted on his services and. for many years he occupied the positions of township trustee and township treasurer. In his family were five children. Peter, the eldest, married Margaret Shick, by whom he had one son, William M. Rockel, an attorney of Springfield, who was formerly probate judge. For his second wife he chose Sarah Ilgess. Harriet, the eldest daughter of Adam Rockel, became the wife of Michael Shawver and died at her home in German township, leaving five children. Henry is the third of the family. Mary is the wife of Joseph Collins by whom she has five children and their home is in German township. William. of McLean county, Illinois, married Hester Heller and they have three children. Adam Rockel provided his children with good educational advantages, thus enabling them to get a start in life. When fifteen years of age Henry Rockel began cutting cord wood and by the time he attained his majority he had laid up a snug little sum of money. He resided with his father until his marriage, which took place January 19, 186o, in German township, Miss Mary Ann Richards becoming his wife. She is a daughter of John Henry and Susanna (Landis) Richards. Five children have been born of this union, Oscar James, of this review, being the eldest. Laura died at the age of thirteen years and was buried in Tremont. Emma is the wife of Abram Thomas and lives on the old Rockel farm. They had three children—Elsie, Grover, and. Lewis Henry, who died in infancy. Clara. is the wife of Charles Shafer, of Springfield. Warren A., the youngest, married Pearl Lorton, by whom he had two children, both now deceased. For his second wife he chose. Ida Pierson. In his politics Henry Rockel has always been a Democrat since casting his first vote. for Buchanan in 1856. His fellow townsmen recognizing his worth and ability, elected him to the office of trustee against his will, but he would never consent to serve after that. He and his family are members. of the Lutheran church and he is a well. known and respected farmer of German township. Oscar James Rockel spent his boyhood days on the home farm, acquiring a fair common-school education in the neighborhood. To his father he gave the benefit of his services during his boyhood and remained under the parental roof until he prepared for a home of his own by. his marriage in Northampton, Ohio, October 5, 1882, to Miss Laura A. Hause, who was born in Lawrenceville, German township, January 3o, 1862, and is a daughter of Emanuel and. Elizabeth ( Rust) Hause. Their union has. been blessed with six children : Letta Leonora, Bernis Gaynell, C. Carlisle, Emanuel Henry, Mary Elizabeth, and Esther Corrinne. For a few years after his marriage Mr. Rockel engaged in operating land belonging to his father, but in 1891 removed to the city of Springfield. He owned stock in a lumber company there and remained in this 62 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. place for three years, but on the expiration of that period he returned to the farm and has since devoted his energies to agricultural .pursuits, finding that this is to him a more profitable business. In 1894 he began operating a steam thresher and each year has been an active factor in the harvest fields of this locality. In his political views he has been a Democrat since voting for Cleveland in 1884 and he is a member of the board of education. He belongs to the German Reformed church at Tremont and is also identified with the Knights of Pythias fraternity at that place in which he has filled all of the chairs. CHARLES H. VANANDA. Charles H. Vananda was born in Springfield, January 20, 1856, and has spent his entire life in Clark county. His father, John Wesley Vananda, was born in Maryland, August 19, 1828, his home being near Middletown, Frederick county. He was a wagonmaker by trade and would go to the timber districts, where he would get out the material for constructing N. vagons. These he made of a mammoth size, such as were used for freighting over the mountains. In his native state he was married, February 6, 1850, to Ann Elizabeth Sigler, who was born in Maryland, June 26, 1824. While they were still living in that state they became the parents of one son, John Henry, born March 6, 1853, and soon afterward they came to Ohio, traveling by rail and wagon. Here Mr. Vananda built the first four-wheeled dray used in the city, and also the first six-horse wagon. The latter was owned by John and David Snyder, early millers of Springfield. For three years Mr. Vananda followed wagonmaking, after which he learned the butchers' trade and entered into partnership with John Swanger in the conduct of the business, which they carried on for a number of years. Mr. Vananda afterward turned his attention to the huckster business, traveling with a four-horse wagon over a radius of fifty miles into Madison, Fayette, Logan and Champaign counties. His business was extensive and profitable and he carried on the general huckstering business and gained a wide circle of friends among his patrons. He was known throughout Clark and surrounding counties and on his trips he would drive turkeys into the city for sale in the markets here, and he also shipped poultry to various points. After giving up the huckstering business he turned his attention to farming and later was employed by D. S. Morrow & Son in the grocery and ice business. Subsequently he assisted his son in conducting a retail fruit store. He made his home in this city until his death, which occurred in 1888. while his wife passed away November 30. 1872, both being buried in Ferncliff cemetery. They were members of the First Lutheran church and reared their children in that faith. In politics Mr. Vananda was a Democrat, and was a member of one of the early military companies of Springfield. Of domestic tastes he was fond of his family and did all he could to promote their welfare and happiness. Unto the parents of our subject were born six children. John H. was killed in Houston, Texas, in December, 1898; Charles Hamilton is the second in order of birth; William Carlton, born December I, 1859, is married and is employed in the store of his brother, Charles ; Cordelia Titus, born April THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 63 22, 1862, is the wife of Thomas E. Wren, of Springfield, and has five living children, Floy Birdie, Arthur, Ruth and Earl, and has lost two, Maude and Evan; Theodore Keller, born September IS, 1866, is married and lives in Muncie, Indiana, where he is employed as a meat cutter; and Margaret Helwick, born November, 17, 1869, is the wife of George Jackson, of Springfield, and they have two children, Monroe and George. After the death of his first wife John W. Vananda was married, in February, 1874, to Hester M. Poland, the widow of James Poland, a native of Ohio. They have one child, Ann Elizabeth, who was born April 13, 1875, and is the wife of Martin Dobbs, of Dayton. James C. Vananda, an elder brother of John NV. and an uncle of our subject, was a painter by trade and entered the service of the United States as a captain in an Ohio regiment of infantry during the Civil war. He was afterward promoted for meritorious conduct to the rank of major, and being captured was incarcerated in Libby prison. He was born in 1823, and died in 1882, leaving a daughter. Mrs. George Stevens, who resides on Yellow Springs street. William, another brother, who was also a painter by trade, joined the Union army as a drummer in his brother's company and died in the Soldiers Home at Dayton, in 1892. Charles H. Vananda attended the public schools of Springfield until fourteen years of age. when he began driving an express wagon on his own account, continuing that business for four years. He then began hauling water for masons. as the city had no water works. .When two years had passed his father removed to a farm in Springfield township and our subject assisted in its cultivation for seven years. He then returned to the city and again began teaming, hauling many loads of brick for the East street shops, and also stone for Kelley's arcade. He continued to do heavy teaming for about two years, but gave up. that work in 1883 and accepted a position as a driver of a grocery delivery wagon for the firm of McCracken & Morrow. In 1885. he left that employ and accepted a clerkship for W. S. Straley, a grocer, in the room in which Mr. Vananda now carries on business for himself. For a number of years he-worked as a grocery clerk for various men. and in 1888 he began business on his own account, retailing fruit, game and vegeta-. hies in the store now occupied by Lobenherz. Then he sold out to E. M. Baker in 1891 and began working for him, remaining with.. Mr. Baker until the business was sold, when he entered the employ of Baldwin McGrew and on the11th of April, 1899, purchased his stock. The business was started on a small scale, but he now conducts one of the largest retail trades in groceries and general provisions in the city. He carries a full line of high grade goods and employs six men as salesmen and to deliver the purchases. In his business he has made a splendid success. giving to it his personal attention. In Springfield, on November 27, 1883, Mr. Vananda was married to Miss Ida Belle Sparrow. who was born in this city. November 3e, 1862, and is a daughter of Elisha and Julia (Hoak) Sparrow. Her father died here at the age of forty-seven and the mother is now living in a home adjoining that of her daughter at the age of sixty-six years. Mr. Vananda is the eldest of five children. Charles Oscar, who vas born in 1867, was married and died at the age of twenty-seven years. Cora Ann. born 64 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. in 1868, is the wife of John W. Adams, of Springfield, and their children are John \V., William, Chester and Julia. William F., born in Springfield in 1872, is married and is clerking in the store of Mr. Vananda. They have one daughter, Gladys. Mary E., born in 1875, is the wife of C. S. Olinger, an attorney, and they have two children, Francis and Robert S. The father of this family was a carpenter by trade and did fine cabinet work and finishing for three years. He served as a soldier in the Seventeenth Ohio Battery. The Sparrows were of Scotch-Irish descent on the paternal side and German lineage on the maternal side. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Vananda have been born two children, Daisy Belle, born May 3, 188, and Julia Blanche, born September 3. 1887. In national affairs Mr. Vananda is a Democrat, but at local political elections he votes independently. His wife is a member of the Center street Methodist Episcopal church, and he was reared in the Lutheran faith. He belongs to the National Union, an insurance order, holds membership in the Commercial Club, and is treasurer of the Grocers' Association of Springfield. In early life he showed that he possessed good business ability and from the age of fourteen years he has made his own way in the world, achieving the success which comes from earnest, persistent labor when guided by sound judgment and supplemented by unfaltering honesty in all trade relations.   CHARLES G. HECKERT. A. M., D. D. Charles G. Heckert, A. M.. D. D., who is occupying the chair. of English and logic -in Wittenberg College, has attained dis tinction as an educator and since his graduation from this institution has devoted his entire attention to educational work. The Professor is a native of Pennsylvania, his birth haying occurred in Northumberland county, on the 22nd of March. 1863. His parents were Benjamin and Sarah ( Durst) Heckert, who were also natives of the Keystone state, and the father carried on merchandising there for many years. Professor Heckert acquired his preliminary education in Sunbury, Pennsylvania, gaining a good knowledge of the common branches of English learning. He displayed special aptitude in his studies and, desirous of gaining more advanced knowledge, he came to Springfield in 188o and entered Wittenberg College, as a member of the freshman class. Here he pursued his studies for two years. after which he engaged in teaching for a similar period. His exchequer thus being replenished he once more entered Wittenberg College and was graduated in that institution with the class of 1886. Desiring to devote his attention o the work of the ministry he enteral upon a course in theology and in 1889 was graduated in the Theological Seminary. Soon afterward he began teaching, and for two years occupied the position of principal of the academy, after which he was offered and accepted his present position as professor of English and logic. On the 24th of July, 1889, Professor Heckert was united in marriage to. Miss Ada Royer. of Lock Haven, Pennsylvania, a daughter of Daniel Royer, who is now living a retired life at No. 29 East Ward street in Springfield. where he has made his home since 1891, Professor Heckert is managing editor of the Lutheran World. having extended his THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 65 labors to the journalistic as well as the educational field. This is one of the lea ling church papers of his denomination in the country and has been a potent factor in advancing the cause of the church. Professor Heckert has also been president of the Miami synod of this state and his social relations connected him with Clark Lodge, No. 101. F. & A. M., and Ingomar Lodge, No. 61o. K. P. He has been a deep, thorough and earnest student from his boyhood days and his reading has been wide and comprehensive, covering not only a range of philosophy and trade literature, but embracing all the standard classics of ancient and modern times. There is nothing narrow or contracted in his views of life. He has studied the political, social and moral conditions of the country and his labors have ever been directed in channels resulting to the benefit of his fellow men. CLIFTON M. NICHOLS. Clifton Melvin Nichols was born in 'Westfield, Chautauqua county. New York. He was a son of Wiseman C. and Fivilla ( Cass) Nichols. the former born in Vermont and the latter in New Hampshire. He is a grandson of Jonathan Nichols. who was one of General Stark's men in the Revolutionary war and was wounded at the battle of Bennington. He was born in Bolton, Massachusetts. and married Triphena Sackett. whose birth occurred in Kent, Litchfield county, Connecticut. C. M. Nichols came to Ohio in 1848 and removed from Cincinnati to Springfield in 1854. He married Francis Henrietta Keith, Elyria, Ohio. October 1. 1855. In April, 1854, he engaged in the newspaper business being connected with the Daily Nonpareil. He edited the Daily Nonpareil and afterward various other journals, successors of that paper, finally closing his newspaper career on the Republic, thus ending thirty-five years' service in journalism. He next became secretary and superintendent of the board of trade. He was a Republican from the birth of the party and for a few months served as a private in the Union army during the Civil war. DANIEL LEFEVRE. Daniel LeFevre has for a number of years filled the office of trustee of Springfield township, and is a worthy incumbent with a full realization of the obligations and duties devolving upon him. These he faithfully meets and has therefore won the commendation of all concerned. Mr. LeFevre is a native of Maryland, his birth having occurred on the 12th of August. 18.4:2, his parents being Henry and Catherine (Sterling) LeFevre, who were also natives of the same state. There they Were reared and married and spent their remaining days. The paternal grandfather, George LeFevre, was a prosperous farmer, who belonged to one of the old families of Maryland that was established in the country at an early day. Daniel LeFevre of this review passed his boyhood days upon the home farm, working in field and meadow through the summer. months. He also attended the public schools until his eighteenth year. and subsequently began clerking in a general store for Charles Downs, of Downsville, Maryland. Six months later he went to Martins- 66 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. burg, West Virginia, where he was employed by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad for twelve months. The year 1875 witnessed the arrival of Mr. LeFevre in Springfield, Ohio, and soon afterward he secured a situation in the employ of the P. P. Mast & Company in the wood and set-up department, acting in this capacity for a period of eighteen years. During the last year of his connection with the house Mr. LeFevre, in 1893, was elected township trustee, and by re-elections has held this office continuously since, being elected each time by an increased majority, a fact that shows that he enjoys in an unusual degree the confidence and support of the public. It also indicates that his service has been efficient, because popular suffrage is only bestowed in case of merit after the test has been made of a person in official life for one term. He affiliates with the Republican party, taking an active interest in the success of his party and of his friends and is recognized as a leader in the Republican ranks. In 1866 occurred the marriage of Mr. LeFevre and Miss Ann E. Snyder, a daughter of William and Margaret (Cunningham) Snyder, who was born in Maryland, and in 1875, with her husband, came to Ohio, where her remaining days were passed. She died in 1885, leaving six children : Fannie M., the wife of William Hick ; Alice I., the wife of William Bell, of Springfield; George W., a machinist, who is employed by the P. P. Mast & Company ; Daniel W., of Springfield ; Albert L., who is a railway postal clerk ; and James E., at home. For his sec-: and wife Mr. LeFevre chose Annie LaForce, of Xenia, Ohio, the wedding being celebrated in 1889. The lady is a native of Kentucky, but spent the greater part of her girlhood in Ohio, and by her marriage she has become the mother of one daughter, Abbie F. Mr. LeFevre is one whose patriotism and fidelity to the duties of citizenship are an important part of his nature and his loyalty to all that is best in promoting the general good has oftentimes been manifested in the discharge of his duties. HON. JACOB K. MOWER. In this enlightened age when men of industry, energy and merit are rapidly pushing their way to the front, those who, by their own individual merits and diligent efforts have won favor and success, may properly claim recognition. In no calling to which man gives his attention does success depend more largely upon individual effort than the law, and that Mr. Mower has achieved distinction in the field of jurisprudence at once attests his superior ability and close application. A man of sound judgment, he manages his cases with masterly skill and tact, is a logical reasoner and has a ready command of English. His powers as an advocate have been demonstrated by his success on many occasions and he is an able lawyer of large and varied experience in all the courts. Thoroughness characterizes all his efforts and he conducts all his business with a strict regard to a high standard of professional ethics. He is quick to master all the intricacies in a case and grasp all details, at the same time losing sight of none of the essential points upon which the decision of every case finally turns. He has a ready flow of language and as a speaker is fluent, forcible, earnest, logical and convincing. His knowledge of the law, it must be conceded, is hardly sec- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 69 and to that of any member of the bar of Clark county. Jacob Kreider Mower was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of April, 1833, and for more than forty years has been a member of the Springfield bar. His paternal grandparents were George and Eva (Leitig) Mower, who spent their last days in Pennsylvania. The father of our subject also bore the name of George Mower and was born in the Keystone state, becoming a farmer by occupation. His political support was given to the Whig party until he joined the Free Soil parts- and later he became identified with the new Republican party which was formed to prevent the further extension of slavery. Going to Ohio he was for a number of years identified with agricultural interests of Richland counts- and departed this life at the old homestead there, in 1855. His wife bore the maiden name of Mary Kreider and was a daughter of John and Barbara ( Schmidt) Kreider and a granddaughter the Rev. Martin Kreider of the United Brethren church. In the family of George and Mary (Kreider) Mower were eight children, of whom the subject of this review was the youngest. In the spring of 1834, when only about a year old. Jacob K. Mower was brought to Ohio by his parents, who took up their abode upon a farm near the village of Ontario in Richland county. When a small boy he received his first educational discipline in the schoolhouse known as the Ouail Trap, near his home, and afterward was a student in the high School in Massillon and in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. His course there was supplemented by study in the Ohio University at Athens, where he was graduated in 1856, winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His first important work in business life was as a representative of the teacher's profession. He became superintendent of the public schools of Athens and while thus employed and even previous to this time. he devoted his leisure hours to the reading of law, which he continued until the autumn of 1858, having in. the meantime become a student in the office of Leonidas Jewett. At the date mentioned he was admitted to the bar and from that time has been an active practitioner in the courts of Ohio. In December of the same year Mr. Mower became a resident of Springfield, where he has since continuously practiced, and for five years he vas senior member of the law firm of Mower & Rawlins. He has to some extent figured prominently in public affairs, and especially as a representative of the Republican party. He served as city solicitor in 1868 and 1869 and was a member of the board of education of Springfield from 1873 until 1878. He was elected to represent Clark county in the Ohio legislature, being a member of the house during the sessions of 1870 and 1871. He has never wavered in his allegiance to the Republican party since he cast his first presidential ballot for John C. Fremont in the year 1856. In his youth he had become bitterly opposed to slavery and had aided many an escaped slave who was making his way from the bondage of the south to liberty in Canada. Mr. Mower assisted these fugitives in going from his home in Richland county to Oberlin. He is a firm believer in the equal rights of all. without regard to race. color or sex, and believes the greatest evil of this country is the disfranchisement of a majority of its citizens—and those of the best class. It 70 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. is therefore not surprising that when a member of the legislature, he was appointed chairman of the committee on woman suffrage. Further, he claims that the tariff should not be a party question but that each representative in congress should be free to act so as to protect the industries and interests of the citizens of his own locality. Through all these years Judge Mower has continued in an active and professional way to practice in the courts of Ohio. and his able efforts in the line of his chosen calling have been manifest in the jurisprudence enacted in his county and state. On the 7th of October. 1900. he was appointed by Governor Nash to the position of judge of the court of common pleas to fill out the unexpired term of judge T. C. Miller. deceased, and at the November election of that year was chosen by popular suffrage to the office which he is now filling. 'Upon the bench his course has 'been free from judicial bias and his decisions have shown a comprehensive knowledge of the law and a clear understanding of the facts. arguments and principles presented in the trial of every case. It was on the 2d of December. 1858. in Hillsboro, Ohio, that the marriage of Judge Jacob K. Mower and Miss Eunice M. Rice was celebrated. The lady was born March 2. 1833, at a farm house in Ames township. Athens county, Ohio. and is a daughter of Sabinus and Pamela (Hibbard) Rice. The judge and his wife have two daughters and a son : Mabel, the eldest. is a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University of Delaware. where she won the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1882: Alice Mary was graduated in Wittenberg College of Springfield in the year 1884 with the same degree and is now a teacher of Latin and German in the same college; Carl Kreider, the son, was graduated in Wittenberg College in 1886. studied law in his father's office and was admitted to the bar in February, 1889 becoming the junior member of the firm of Mower & Mower, attorneys. He enlisted for service in the Spanish-American war, was commissioned a captain and served in Porto Rico for one year. after which he enlisted and was commissioned captain, serving in the Philippines for two years. At the expiration of that period he joined the regular army and was commissioned first lieutenant of heavy artillery and assigned to the One Hundred and First Heavy Artillery located at Fort Totten. Long Island, where he is stationed at the present time. He married Miss Fannie Foley, of Springfield. Ohio a daughter of the Hon. James Foley. Such in brief is the life history of the Hon. Jacob Kreider Mower. who since 1858 has been 1 a prominent resident of Springfield. A well known member of the bar. of strong mentality. keen analytical mind and of marked talents. he possesses the qualifications essential to success. His fidelity to his clients' interests has been proverbial yet he never forgets that he owes the highest allegiance to the majesty of the law. WILLIAM XANDERS. Among the men who were prominent in many of the important walks of business life. and who haye now passed away, their labors being ended in death, none are more deserting of mention than William Xanders, who was one Clark county's native sons. his birth having occurred in German township on the 7th of May. 1824, his parents THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 71 being John and Magdalena (Baker) Xanders. His boyhood clays were spent in the usual manner of farmer lads of that period. The country had been settled but recently and pioneer times existed, so that there were many hardships and trials to be borne during those early times in which the settlers were reclaiming the region for purposes of civilization. The schools were of a primitive character, but farm work was not limited, and Mr. Xanders bore his full share in the work of developing and improving his father's land. However, he gained practical experience which enabled him to carry on farm work successfully when he started out in life on his own account. On the 9th of August, 1849, in German township, William Xanders was united in marriage to Miss Susanna Baker, who was born in that township June 18, 1828, a daughter of John and Susanna (Nawman) Baker. She was reared upon a farm and attended the public schools of the neighborhood, acquiring a good knowledge of the branches of English learning usually taught in such institutions. For a few Years after his marriage Mr. Xanders engaged in operating a rented farm, and then, with the capital which had been acquired through the the labors of himself and wife, he purchased one hundred and thirty acres of land. upon which he made his home as long as he lived. He bought and sold other property, but he never left the home place. He also became the owner of three hundred and twenty acres in Carter county, Missouri, which still belongs to his estate. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Xanders was blessed with nine children, of whom three died in infancy. Sarah, the eldest living member of the family, is the wife of Taylor Seifert. of Springfield, and has one child. Isabella C. is the wife of Edward M. Pattison, of Springfield. Mary E. is the wife of Daniel F. Shafer, and they have four children. Enos William is the next younger. Emma A. married John H. Forman, of Springfield, and they have two children. Susanna J. is the wife of O. W. Flick, of German township. In his political views William Xanders was a stanch Democrat, believing firmly in the principles of the party, but was never active in political work nor sought office. He was reared in the Lutheran faith and his widow, who still survives him, is a member of that church. His death occurred January 4, 1878, and the community mourned the loss of a valued and representative citizen. His life had been quietly passed in the pursuits of the farm, but all who knew him recognized in him the sterling qualities of manhood which gained for him the warm regard of all with whom he came in contact. He provided well for his family and all that he possessed came to him as the result of his own untiring labor. Enos William Xanders, the eldest son of the family, was born August 8, 1861, on the old homestead and at the usual age entered the common schools. When eighteen years of age he began teaching and followed that profession for three years. Like most young men starting out in life, he sought a companion and helpmate for the journey, and on the 21st of September, 1882, in German township, he was united in marriage to Miss Anna C. Ballentine, a daughter of James V. and Rosanna (Domer) Ballentime. Unto them have been born five children : Blanche, born August 19, 1883, is the wife of Jerome Michael, and they have one child. Mabel, born in March, 1900. 72 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD Clyde, born March 21. 1885, is a graduate of the high school of -German township, 2nd is now a sophomore in Wittenberg College. Claude. born June I.. 1887, is a student in the township high school. born April 20. 1893, and Clem, born March 7, 1889, are at home with their parents. When Enos Randers started out in business life for himself he began operating the home farm, which he is now conducting. In 1887 he turned his attention to merchandising in Lawrenceville and there conducted a store for about ten years, meeting with a fair degree of success in that enterprise. While thus engaged he also began selling fertilizers, and because of ill health he concluded that the confinement of the store was not beneficial and he went upon the road to sell fertilizers, this business claiming his attention for five years. He also devotes his energies to the cultivation and improvement of the home farm, which, under his careful supervision, has been kept in touch with the progressive spirit of the times. He follows modern methods in his farm work and uses the latest improved machinery in cultivating the fields and harvesting the crops. He has been quite prominent in public affairs and while engaged in merchandising in Lawrenceville he was appointed postmaster of the town under President Cleveland, filling the office until it was discontinued on account of the establishment of the rural delivery system. He has always been an earnest Democrat and for eight years has served as a member of the board of education. In 1888 he was elected to represent German township in the Clark County Agricultural Society, and each year has been again chosen for that office. For two years he was president of the society and has been an active factor in promoting agricultural interests in this portion of the state, doing everything in his power to advance the welfare of the farmer. Socially he is connected with Springfield Lodge, NO. 33, I. O. O. F., and with Donnell's Creek: Council, No. 121, J. O. U. A. M In this community, in which he has always made his hoMe, he is widely known as a representative business man, as a public spirited citizen and as a friend whose loyalty is tried and true. ALFRED M. POTTER, M. D. Among the honored representatives of the medical fraternity who are worthy of mention as leading citizens of Springfield because of capability in the lines of their profession and by reason of the personal sterling worth which they possess is Dr. Alfred M. Potter. He was born in Miami county. Ohio, in the city of Troy, 'September 17, 1850, and comes of an old New England family that was early established in America. His paternal grandfather was Alfred Potter, a native of New York. for in the meantime representatives of the name had removed from New England to the Empire state. Dr. Alfred Potter, Sr., the father of our subject, Was born at a place called Corner Bridge, in New York, and on his removal to the west took up his abode in Troy, Ohio, where he was actively engaged in practicing for a short time. Believing that Springfield, however, would prove a better field of laber, he removed to this city. opened his office and remained one of the leading representatives of the medical fraternity here up to the time of his death. He was a graduate of the Medical Institute of New York. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 73 and also of the Bellevue Hospital of New York city. His capability in diagnosing diseases, of foretelling the complications and issues that might arise, and his skill in administering remedial agencies that checked the ravages of disease made him an eminent member of the profession in Springfield and secured for him a large practice. He was united in marriage to Miss Lavina Murphy, a daughter of K. C. Murphy. She was born in Connecticut and was a most estimable lady. her death occurring December 12, 1874, a short time prior to her husband's demise. Although born in Troy, Dr. Alfred M. Potter was very young when his parents removed to Springfield, so that his early education was obtained in the public schools here. When he had largely mastered the branches of English learning taught in the Springfield schools he entered the Lebanon Normal School, where he prosecuted his studies for some time and gained a broad general knowledge which served as a foundation upon which to rear the superstructure of his professional learning. An inherited tendency and natural inclination all probably combined in determining his choice of a life work. He became a student of medicine under the direction of his father and later matriculated in the Eclectic Medical Institute of Cincinnati. Ohio. where he was graduated with the class of 1872. He then returned to Springfield and opened his office here in connection with his father, and the relation between them was maintained until the death of the senior partner in 1875. The Doctor has since been alone. He has a commodious and pleasant suite of rooms in. the Buckingham block, well fitted up for the successful conduct of an office practice. and at the same time he visits many cases throughout the city, his patronage coming from a large number of the best homes in Springfield. The social relations of Dr. Potter connect him with Ephraim Lodge, I. O. O. F., the Knights of Pythias and the Benevolent Protective Order of Elks. In 1877 he was happily married to. Miss Lillian Odenschain, of Monticello, Indiana, who was born in Bellefontaine, Ohio. The Doctor and his wife have five children: Helen B., Alfred M., Armour Lucile, Cornelia and Lawrence K. In the practice of his profession Dr. Potter manifests close application to his work, and this, supplementing his broad and accurate knowledge,. have made his efforts of much benefit in coping with disease. He is continually reading and studying that his labors. may be more effective. Already his knowledge and skill have classed him among the most substantial medical practioners of Springfield. JAMES VINTON BALLENTINE. James Vinton Ballentine, who has retired from active farm work and is now dealing in stock in Lawrenceville, is an energetic business man who recognizes that toil is the foundation of all prosperity and thus he has labored earnestly to acquire a competence that will enable him to provide a good home for his family. He was born in Cumberland county, Pennsylvania, October 15, 1823, and. in the year 1831 his parents, William and Nancy (Neal) Ballentine, came from the Keystone state to Ohio, locating first in Montgomery county, where they remained for a year. His parents were natives of county Armagh, Ireland, and 74 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. it was in the year 1798 that they left their home in the north of the Emerald Isle and crossed the Atlantic to America. John Ballentine, an uncle of our subject, had been drafted by England to serve as a soldier, but when he reached this country he severed his allegiance to the British crown and became an American soldier. William Ballentine never succeeded in finding him, but afterward learned that he died in Greenbush, New York. He and his wife lived in Pennsylvania for a number of years, then, as stated above came to Ohio. In 1832 they came to Clark county, through which they had passed when they sought a home in Montgomery county. and here the father purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, to which he afterward added a tract of forty-four acres in German township. his place being pleasantly located a mile and a half from Lawrenceville. Our subject has since made his home in this county and in the common schools he acquired his early education. which was afterward supplemented by a year's study in the high school of Springfield. For nine years he engaged in teaching. entering upon that profession in 1846. although he later attended school to some extent. He was a successful educator. earnest and thorough in his work, and thus he gave general satisfaction wherever he was employed. In early life he was also a clerk in his brother-in-law's store in Tremont, and likewise acted as a clerk in the postoffice at that place. On the 2 St of August. 18:7.3. .1\11-. Dal- lentine was united in marriage to Miss Ro- sauna Domer, who was born in Clark coun- ty, -and was a daughter of John and Sarah (Myers) Donner. who came from Maryland to Ohio. Five children have been born unto our subject and his wife, but one of the number died at the age of six months. The others are: Charles F., who is a teacher of this county and lives in Lawrenceville; Eliza 1.. the wife of Dr. Reynolds; Nancy A., the wife of Enos Xanders, who is living in Lawrenceville; and Marion Seymour, who is a grocery merchant of Darnell. Cham- paign county. Ohio, and is married and has one child. Through a number of years Mr. Ballentine carried on general farming, applying himself closely to his work and following progressive methods. He obtained thereby a good. At length he put aside the more arduous duties of the farm and began dealing in stuck Lawrenceville, the business which he vet follows. In politics he is a Democrat and has been quite prominent in public affairs. He was elected justice of the peace and served in that office in a most creditable manner for twelve years. At the end of that time he was again chosen for the position. but refused to serve longer. Of all the many cases he tried only one was ever appealed and in that his decision was sustained. He has also married about sixty-nine couples and has performed other duties in connection with his office. He acted as assistant to an assessor in his township for six years and afterward was elected to the position of assessor and continued in that capacity for ten years. Hellas been a delegate to various state conventions of the Democracy and was elected a delegate to the national convention, but did not attend. During the administration of President Johnson he served as revenue collector for three townships in Clark county. Mr. Ballentine has long been deeply and actively interested in everything pertaining to the public good and his efforts have been effective in promoting the general progress. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 75 He was one of the prime movers in establishing the township high school—in fact this school owes its existence to Mr. Ballentine and Squire Eli Kizer. It is now a source of pride to the community and has done much toward promoting educational advancement here. Mr. Ballentine was likewise among the first to advocate free pikes, and was superintendent of the construction of one pike that is twelve miles in length and is called the Ballentine pike. He was also instrumental in building Flick pike and largely assisted in getting the toll gates removed so that the pikes became free highways of travel. Thus in all matters of public progress and improvement Mr. Ballentine has borne an active part in the community where he resides and where he is regarded by his friends and acquaintances as one of the substantial and representative citizens. JOHN CHAPMAN. John Chapman is a partner in an enterprise of magnitude in Springfield, being a member of the firm of Wickham, Chapman & Company. manufacturers of piano plates. He has been a representative of business interests of the city since 1877 and since 1889 has been associated with Mr. 'Wickham in the conduct of their present industry, which has grown in volume until its importance in the manufacturing circles of the city is widely acknowledged. Mr. Chapman was born in Ontario. Canada. March r. 1854, and comes of a family noted for longevity. His father, George B. Chapman, reached the advanced age of eighty-seven years, while his mother. Mrs. Belinda Chapman. died at the age of seven- ty-seven years and was buried in Ferncliff cemetery. Their last days were spent in Springfield. In their family were five children, of whom three are living: Robert W., a resident of Newark, New Jersey; Elizabeth, the wife of Theodore Cox, of Springfield.; and John. The family comes of Irish ancestry. In his early boyhood John Chapman accompanied his parents on their removal from Canada to New Jersey, the family settling in Newark, where he pursued his education in the public schools. At the age of thirteen he began to learn the trade of a decorator in decorative japanning and when he had mastered the business he was employed as journeyman and afterward as a foreman, while later he carried on business on his own account as a contractor. In 1877 he removed to Springfield and became associated with the St. John Sewing Machine Company as a contractor in the line of japanning, doing their work in that line until 1889. when he entered into partnership with Mr. Wickham in the establishment of the business which they have since continued. They manufacture piano places of a high grade and also piano hardware and the products of their factory are shipped to all portions of this country and Canada. Their factory is now the largest of its kind in the world and constantly increasing and the industry is of value to the city, as employment is furnished to four hundred workmen. In 1896, in Springfield, Mr. Chapman was united in marriage to Miss Kittie Gale, who was born in Springfield, a daughter of Otho B. Gale, and they now have one daughter, Kathryn B. Their home is at No. 133 North Plum street, and they attend the services of the Congregational church. Mr. Chapman contributing freely to its support. 76 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. In politics he is a Republican. but has never had any desire for political honors, as he is pre-eminently a business man, devoting his whole time and energies to the development and control of the enterprise which he established in connection with Mr. Wickham thirteen years ago. He has watched with interest the growth of the city since 1877 and has seen its population increased two and one-half times what it was when he took up his residence here: While there has been in his career no exciting chapters, there is in his life history that which commands the respect and attention of business men, who realize that force of character, diligence and keen discrimination are the elements which count in commercial and industrial circles. OLIVER S. KELLY. Success comes not to the man who idly waits, but to the faithful toiler whose work is characterized by intelligence and force and who has the foresight and keenness of mental vision to know when and where and how to exert his energies. Thus it happens that but a small proportion of those who enter the "world's broad field of battle" come off victorious in the struggle for wealth and position. Some lack perseverance, others business sagacity and still others are dilatory or negligent, but Mr. Kelly possesses the activity. spirit and enterprise in business which have developed and are developing the marvelous resources and wealth of the western states. At an early age he learned one of the great lessons of life—that there is no "royal road" to wealth—and as he was not above work he toiled industriously un til he has won not only fortune but also the esteem and confidence of the people with whom he has been associated for many years. Work, the true friend of mankind, has developed his latent resources and brought out the strong. self-reliant force of his character. His has been the controlling influence of some of the most extensive industrial concerns of Springfield and his labors along other lines have also contributed in large measure to the improvement and upbuilding of the city, of which he has long been an honored resident. Mr. Kelly is one of Clark county's native sons. The ancestral line is traced back to colonial days and the grandfather. James Kelly, was one of the heroes of the Revolutionary war, who entered the army from the colony of Virginia and fought for the independence of the nation. He reared a large family of eight sons and four daughters, most of whom have descendants now residing in Clark county. Ohio. John Kelly, the father of our subject. was horn in Virginia and with his father's family came to this state in the year 'Soft a settlement being made in Green township, then in Greene but now in Clark county. When the country again became engaged in war with England, John Kelly entered the army as an American soldier in the war of 1812. He was united in marriage to Margaret McBeth, a daughter of Alexander McBeth, also an early resident of Clark county. They were the fifteenth couple married in Clark county. which was organized in January, 1818, their marriage being celebrated April 10, 1818. They resided upon a farm adjoining the old Kelly homestead, and there the father died September 25, 1825, at the age of thirty-six years. when the subject of this review was but nine months old. The THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 79 mother remained upon the farm and after four years of widowhood was again married. It was upon his father's farm that Oliver S. Kelly was born December 23. 1824, and spent the first four years of his life. At the age of fourteen- he started out to make his own way in the world and fate was kind to him in that he found a home with William T. McIntire. who throughout the community was lovingly called "Uncle Billy." Mr. Kelly assisted that gentleman in farm work until the spring of 1842, when he entered. upon an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade under Joseph and John 'McIntire. brothers of his benefactor. He served for a term of three years. during which time he was paid one hundred and sixty-eight dollars in addition to his board and the instruction which he received at his trade. One year was then spent as a journeyman, after which he entered into partnership with J. A. Anderson. under the firm name of Anderson Kelly, and the new firm prospered. receiving a large share of the public patronage and erecting many of the leading structures of the county in an early day. This business relationship was maintained until 18.-‘2. when the partnership was dissolved and Mr. Kelly went to California. hoping to more rapidly gain a fortune among the mines of the Golden state. He left his wife and one child in Ohio, and after four years he returned to Springfield in 1856 with a capital sufficient to enable him to become an active and useful factor in the business life of this city. Mr. Kelly's first venture following his return was in the wholesale grocery line, but after a short time he disposed of his interests in that house and in November became a member of the firm of Whiteley, Fassler & Kelly. He was a valued addition to the firm, both because he possessed practical knowledge as a mechanic and also because he had several thousand dollars in ready money to invest, and the firm was in need of cash capital in the early days of its existence. The. new house prospered as the year§ passed, their sales bringing to them an excellent return, until the firm became recognized as a leader in the manufacture of agricultural :implements throughout the country. Before Mr. Kelly's connection therewith was terminated the Champion works became one of the most important and extensive industries of Springfield, employing a large force of workmen, utilizing the most improved machinery in the conduct of the business and haying a plant of magnitude, the products of which produced sales that annually amounted to thousands of dollars. The firm built a very extensive plant on East street in order to accommodate the increased business. In 1881, however, Mr. Kelly sold out his one-third interest to William N. Whiteley. and in 1882 purchased the Rinehart & Ballard Threshing Machine Works and organized a company under the name of the Springfield Engine and Thresher Company. This was incorporated with O. S. Kelly as president and O. W. Kelly, superintendent. Later the business name was changed to the O. S. Kelly Company and the capital stock increased from two hundred and fifty thousand dollars to three hundred and fifty thousand dollars. This company manufactured threshing machines and engines. which for many years were largely sold all over the country. To-day this branch of the business is largely carried on at Iowa City, Iowa, where about three years ago an extensive plant was established. There are manufac- 80 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. tured the separators and feed mills while the engines are constructed at the home plant in Springfield. For the past five Years the company has extensively manufactured piano plates, now carrying on one of the largest business enterprises of its kind in the United States. The minimum number of employes at One time in the factory during the year is four hundred and twenty-five and the number often reaches the maximum of five hundred and twenty-five. The volume of business has constantly grown until the products of the house are now known throughout the country, the plates being sold on a large scale to piano manufacturers. They also manufacture all kinds of rollers in various sizes and their export business in Toilers has reached mammoth proportions. After the Whiteley, Fassler & Kelly Company had erected its big East street works, Mr. Kelly, on selling out his interest in the business. purchased the old factory of the firm, tore down the building and on its site erected the Arcade buildings, covering one hundred and fifty by three hundred and forty feet. This place is utilized by the Arcade Hotel. twentfive business rooms and many offices, and by Nelsons Commercial College and is one of the finest buildings of Springfield. At one time Mr. Kelly was also connected with the banking interests of the city, haying been a director and vice president of the Second National Bank during its existence. On the 23d of December, 1847, Mr. Kelly was united in marriage to Ruth Ann Peck. whose father. B. W. Peck, was a resident of Bridgeton, New Jersey in early life and migrated westward to Ohio at an early day. journeying in the-primitive manner of the times. He made his way from Baltimore to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, in a wagon and then came on a flat-boat down the Ohio river to Cincinnati, where he left his family while he traveled the distance on foot to Springfield. Being pleased with the prospects of the embryo city he then secured a team and brought his family to his new Home. It was after the removal of the parents to this city that Mrs. Kelly was born, her natal day being December 24. 1822. BY her marriage she became the mother of four sons and one daughter of whom only two sons are now. hying: O. W. and E. S. Kelly. The family home was a pleasant residence at the southwest corner of Market and Mulberry streets and it was noted for its gracious and generous Hospitality, but in 1901 Mrs. Kell,: was called to her final rest. passing away on the 9th of May. 1901, in her seventy-ninth year, after a happy married life of more than fifty-three years. Ideal relations existed in the home, the mutual love and confidence increasing- as time passed by. Mrs. Kelly was a devoted wife and mother, sharing with the husband and sons in their ambitions and desires, her council often proving of value in business affairs as well as concerning other interests of life. Of a domestic nature. Mr. Kelly found his greatest enjoyment by his own fireside in the society Of his family and friends. Throughout his residence in Springfield, Mr. Kelly has always taken a deep and helpful interest in the city, its development and improvement, and has not only exerted his official prerogatives for the general good but in the capacity of a private citizen has labored earnestly and effectively to promote the public welfare along lines of material development and intellectual and moral culture. In 1863 he was elected a member of THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 81 the city council during the exciting times of the Civil war and was continuously reelected to that position until his services had covered a period of six years. When the water works were established in Springfield he was appointed one of the trustees to inaugurate and put in operation the water system, his colleagues being john H. Thomas and George H. Frey. The work was satisfactorily completed at an expense of four hundred thousand dollars. In 1887 the highest honor within the gift of the citizens of Springfield was conferred upon Mr. Kelly by his election to the mayoralty. He was chosen on the Republican ticket and served for two years, during which time the city hall was built at a cost of two hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars. At the same time the city built the esplanade. while Mr. Kelly donated the fountain which is erected in the same district. At the time he entered upon the duties of chief executive of Springfield. in 1887, the city was engaged in building a hospital. and by reason of his office he was ex-officio chairman of the hospital board. The institution was completed and opened- during his administration and from 1898 to 1902 he served as a member of the board of trustees. He was also ex-officio member of the tax commission and after the expiration of his term of service he was appointed by the judge of the court as a member of the tax commission board and served for two terms or six years. During the past twenty-two years he has been one of the trustees of Ferncliff cemetery. and for the past four rears has been president of the board, during which time great changes and many improvements have been ‘wrought in the beautiful city of the dead. He has ever been watchful of opportunities to promote the public good, and although he is always quiet and unostentatious in his work for the improvement of Springfield, the city acknowledges its indebtedness to him for effective and beneficial services rendered. Mr. Kelly is always courteous, kind and affable, and those who know him personally have for him a warm regard. A man of great natural ability, his success in business from the beginning at his residence in Springfield was uniform and rapid. As has been truly remarked, after all that may he clone for a man in the way of giving him early opportunities for obtaining the requirements which are sought in schools and in books, he must essentially formulate, determine and give shape to his own character; and this is what Mr. Kelly has clone. He has persevered in the pursuit of a persistent purpose and gained a most satisfactory reward. His life is exemplary in all respects and he has ever supported. those interests which are calculated to uplift and benefit humanity, while his own high moral worth is deserving of the highest commendation. JOHN M. KILLS. The family name of our subject has been closely connected with the history of Clark county through several generations and ever in an honorable Way that has reflected credit upon the county. The subject of this review is one whose life work adds new luster to the creditable family record, for he is known as a reliable and enterprising business man who has won and retained the confidence of his fellow townsmen. He was born in Springfield, November to, 1840. and is a son of William. A. Kills. whose birth occurred in Berks county, Penn- 82 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. sylvania, in 1809. The paternal grandfather, Jacob W. Kills, was engaged in the manufacture of paper in Berks county. and in 1820 left the Keystone state, emigrating to Ohio. He took up his abode in Clark county and erected a paper mill near where the building of the Springfield Metallic Casket Company now 'stands. This was the first manufacturing done in the city. The business was carried on consecutively until after the Civil war, when Mr. Kills sold out to Charles Bacon. Afterward the business was absorbed by the trust and the factory at this place closed up. Jacob W. Kills was a leading and influential resident of Springfield in the days of its villagehood and he served as a member of the county infirmary board until his death, which occurred in 1865, when he was ninety-seven years of age. He was among the honored pioneers of the city and county and left the impress of his individuality upon the public progress and business advancement. His wife was also a native of the Keystone state and both were laid to rest in Green-mount cemetery. In their family were five children, namely : Susan, Rebecca, Mary. William A. and Jacob W., Jr. All came to this county and all died here with the exception of Rebecca, who departed this life in Indiana. The members of the family reached advanced ages and the sons grew up in the business that was followed by their father. William A. Kills was only about eleven years of age when the family came to Springfield. His educational privileges were limited because no very good schools had been established in this section of the country at that time. but he became a well read man and a good scribe. gaining his knowledge through reading experience and observation. He gave his political support in early days to the Whig party, and afterward became a stanch Republican. He served as a member of the city council for a number of years and was a public spirited Man, devoted to the welfare of his community. Some of the family were members of the Methodist Episcopal church and others of the Baptist church and the father of our subject was a charter member of Clark Lodge. F. & A. M., in which he passed all of the chairs. and in the commandery he attained the degree of Knight Templar. He was also a charter member of Springfield Lodge I. O. O. F., and. of the Encampment. anti filled all of the offices of the former. He was an earnest worker in these fraternal circles and in his life exemplified the benevolent spirit upon which they are based. Having learned the business of manufacturing paper in his youth he carried it on for a number of years, winning success through his enterprising and well directed efforts. He did not selfishly hoard his earnings, but was liberal in his patronage of all enterprises that he believed would benefit the city. He married Charlotte Hawkins, a native of England, who came to this country with her parents in a sailing vessel, the family settling in Clark county. Ohio. Her father purchased government land and engaged in farming. His children were John. James, William. Charlotte, Hannah, Nancy and Sarah. all of whom are now deceased, although all reached advanced ages and passed away in this county. The father of our subject died at his home on Columbia street in Springfield August 14. 1894. and the mother in 1898. They had three daughters and four sons. of whom Charlotte died in early childhood. The others now deceased are : Ja- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 83 cob W., who was a musician. in the Thirty-first Ohio. Infantry during the Civil war and was killed in the service when sixteen years of age; and William A., who died at the age of fifty-three years. Those living are : Sarah A., the widow of John Shellebarger, a resident of Bethel township ; John M.: and James M., who resides with his brother John. He served for three years in the regular army and was a volunteer in an Ohio regiment during the Civil war, joining that command at the age of nineteen years. The children all attended the subsciption schools of the county, for public schools were a new thing in their youth. John I. Kills was thus educated and during the periods of vacation he worked in hi father's mill. At the age of twenty he joined the army, for his patriotic spirit was aroused 1.:v the attempt (-4 the south to overthrow the Union, and hardly had the smoke of Fort Sumter's guns cleared away when, in April, 1861. he enlisted in Company F. Second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for three months' service. On the expiration of that term he re-enlisted and became firstutenant of Company K. Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer infantry. and took art in the battles of Mills Springs. on the banks of the Cumberland. and those of the Alabama and Mississippi campaign. including the battles of Perryville, Stone River and Pittsburg Landing. and was also in the siege of Corinth and the battle of Franklin. and later went with Sherman on his celebrated march to the sea. During the term of his first enlistment he had taken at in the first battle of Bull Run. He served altogether in twenty-five battles of the war, but never was wounded or injured. although the company saw very active service and he was often in the thickest of the fight. At length.. when the war was over, he partici pated in the grand review in Washington and was discharged in Columbus, Ohio, returning to his home with a most creditable and honorable military record. Mr. Kills then began to work in the machine shop of Warder, Bushnell & Glessner, being thus employed for several years. He was also with John Foos and later served as foreman of the machine shop of the Thomas Manufacturing Company for fifteen years. In 1890 he entered the draying business, beginning on a small scale, and as his patronage increased he enlarged his facilities and now has five teams employed. in this way. Among his patrons are many of the leading residents of the city and he does a general draying and trucking business, having made a success of his enterprise by giving- it his personal attention. Mr. Kills was married in Springfield on the 19th of December, 1878. to Miss Ellnora Harding, who was born in this city in 185o, a daughter of William H. Harding, who was a brick contractor. He was born in 1808 and died in 1867. His wife, Mrs. Maltala C. Harding, was, like her husband, a native of Maryland, and she died in February, 1888, at the age of seventy-eight years. In their family were the following children : William F. now deceased; John M., who has also passed away; Samuel P.. now deceased. who was a soldier in the Civil war : Mary E., Charles N., Emily C., and William C., all deceased; George, a resident of Springfield; Edward, of Dayton, Ohio ; and Ellnora, now Mrs. Kills. The Harding family had come to this country at an early day, about the same time that the parents of our subject arrived. They were of English ancestry and were active factors in the development of this portion of Ohio. Mrs. Kills was educated in the public schools. Our subject and his wife have one son. 84 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD Charles E.. who was born June 13, 1871, and assists Mr. kills in his business. He is married and has one daughter, Helen Beatrice, who was born in 1891 and is attending school, making her home with our subject. Mr. Kills purchased a lot and erected thereon his present residence in 1886, which is located at 390 Di Bert street. He and his wife are members of the First Lutheran church, take an active interest in its work and withhold their support from no movement for the general good. In national affairs he is a Democrat, but in local elections. where there is no issue involved, he supports the men best qualified in his opinion to perform the business of the town and county. He belongs to the -Union 'Veteran Union. in which he has served as quartermaster. His success has been by no means the result of fortunate circumstances. but has come to him through energy. labor and perseverance. directed by an evenly balanced mind and by honorable business principles. He commands the respect of all with whom he has come in contact and deserves the high regard of his fellow men.. as his life has ever been honorable and straightforward. HEZEKIAH R. GEIGER, Ph.D.. B. A man of more than local fame, Professor Hezekiah Rheubush Geiger left a life record which is inseparably interwoven with, the history of Springfield and its moral. social and intellectual development and his influence for good in the world cannot oe measured. for his was an individuality which left its impress upon the lives of all with whom he came in contact. Had he accomplished nothing save the founding ofWittenberg College, Springfield would have reason to hold him in grateful remembrance. but his efforts along many lines contributed in large measure to public progress here and the sum total of the worlds knowledge was augmented by his research and investigation. It is said of all eminent man of old that "he has done things worthy to be written ; that he has written things worthy to be read: and by his life has contributed to the welfare of the republic and the happiness of mankind. He to whom this transcendent eulogy can be pronounced with even partial truth is entitled to the gratitude of his race, and nowhere within the limits of this section of Ohio has there died a man over who this might more justly be said than over Dr. Geiger. His life history began in Greencastle, Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. his natal day being January 10, 1820 and from German and Scotch ancestry he was descended. His paternal grandfather. Charles Geiger, born in Germany. crossed the Atlantic to America and settled in Montgomerycountyv about 1772. He was living near Philadelphia at the time of the Revolutionary war and he bore an honorable part in the struggle for freedom between the colonists and the mother country. By trade he was a miller and he spent his entire life after his emigration to this country in Pennsylvania. Henry Geiger, the father of the Doctor, was born in Montgomery county, Pennsylvania. in 1789, was reared in his native state and was a man of good mental calibre, strong convictions. and was a good citizen. He was intensely loyal to his country and at the time of the war of 1812 he joined General Scott's division and participated in the battles of Chippewa Plains and Lundy's Lane. He was also with Commodore Perry in his naval victory on Lake Erie and was with the ships that anchored at Put-in-Bay THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 85 and assisted in burying the dead who are interred there. At the close of the war Ile received an honorable discharge from the army and settled in Franklin county, Pennsylvania. Henry Geiger was married in 1815 to Julia Rheubush, who was of Scotch parentage and was born and reared in Hagerstown, Maryland. In the year 1833 Henry Geiger removed with his family to Columbiana county, Ohio, and after a year there passed went to Holmes county, this state, where he lived until his removal to Urbana. in 1851. Here his wife died August 31, 1854. He lived retired during the last years of his life, spending most of his time with his children. His death occurred at the home of his son. Dr. Geiger, of Dayton. Ohio, in 1861. In the family were eleven suns and a daughter, and of this number seven became prominent professional men, thee being, beside Dr. Geiger of this review, two ministers of the gospel. one physician and three lawyers : two of whom attained judgeships. while one was a general in the Union army. The father, with intense patriotism. offered his services to the government in the Civil war. but was not accepted because of his age. The only surviving members of his family are Rev. Dr. Andrew Geiger, of Kansas City. Missouri: and Mrs. T. B. Hileman. of Altoona. Pennsylvania. The parents- were members of the Lutheran church and in that faith reared their family. Dr. Geiger of this review spent the early years of his life in the state of his nativity and accompanied his parents on their removal to Ohio. He was provided with good educational privileges and in 1846 was graduated with high rank in Pennsylvania &liege. When he had completed his collegiate course he came to Springfield. and joining Rev. Ezra Keller, D. D. and Michael Diehl, became one of the founders of Wittenberg College, which will ever stand as a monument to the public spirit and Christian philanthropy of these gentlemen. Dr. Geiger accepted a professorship in the new institution, becoming instructor in Latin, natural sciences and mathematics, and became widely recognized as one of the most capable educators of Ohio, his broad learning and the readiness with which he imparted it to others doing much to establish a high standard for the school. As the college grew his duties became more arduous and resigning the chair of Latin and mathematics. he devoted his entire attention to that of natural science. This occurred in 1873. In this connection extensive travel for investigation resulted, and in 1874 he visited the Pacific coast and the Sandwich Islands in company with the Hon. John W. Bookwalter and wife, on which trip Mr. Book-waiter first extended his travels beyond the borders of this land. While on this journey Dr. Geiger made original surveys of the craters of the islands and gathered much data of great scientific interest. The incidents of the trip were embodied in a most interesting volume published by Mr. Bookwalter. Early in his professional career Dr. Geiger was ordained to the ministry by the Wittenberg synod, and from that time until his death continued an active worker in the cause of Christianity. He not only possessed broad and comprehensive knowledge cif natural science and of mathematics, but made a close study of the great principles of religion, the object and plan of life as manifest in the Scriptures. and was a theologian of clear conception. fine analytical powers and positive convictions. His chemical and mechanical ability were of such high order that he was for a considerable period 86 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. of time retained as an expert by different manufacturing concerns of the city and was associated with James Leff& in the perfection of his water wheel. Besides his educational work in Wittenberg College he was a member of both the city and county boards of school examiners. In 1882 he resigned his position as a member of the faculty of Wittenberg College and accepted a position on the United States geological survey. in charge of the Blue Ridge division, for which his well trained mind and previous study and investigation well qualified him. He acted in that capacity until 1893, when he resigned. His investigations had extended through Maryland. West Virginia and Virginia and while engaged in that work he advanced, and proved in opposition to all previous theories, the true theory of the geological construction of the entire Blue Ridge system as now accepted and recognized by scientists and government authorities. Editorial and literary work claimed his attention in his later years. He edited the Lutheran Evangelist, and was on the staff of a leading agricultural journal and his work in this direction bore the impress of a rand of strong convictions and fearless purpose. On the 14th of December, 1854. Dr. Geiger was united in marriage to Miss Nancy Melvina Hartford. who was born in West Virginia, but was educated in Steubenville, Ohio. and became a teacher in the Presbyterian Seminary in Springfield, where she met and married Dr. Geiger. They became the parents of seven children : Alice M.. who was graduated in Wittenberg College in 1879. the first woman to Complete the course there; Charles A., manager of the Troy Wagon works, of Troy. Ohio; Lizzie G., the wife of A. D. Hosterman. of Springfield : Anna L., the wife of T. N. Garver, of Springfield. manager of the Farm News; Harry M., of Indianapolis: Ella L. and Frank W. With the exception of Harry, all are graduates of Wittenberg College. and Frank, Alice and Ella occupy the old family home, which was built by Dr. Geiger at No. Ferncliff avenue in 1853, and is one of the oldest residences of the city. Dr. Geiger passed away July 18. 1889, and his wife September 30, 1930. Thus departed this life one who had played an import part in molding the history of Springfield. His work was not a character that could be measured by dollars and cents, nor had it erected a monument in any building or commerical enterprise of the city, but its power was that of influencing intellectual and moral development, of con trolling action through the development of high character and lofty purpose. "His life was noble and the elements So mixed in him that Nature might stand up And say to all the world. 'this was a man.' " MRS. ELIZA D. STEWART. As long as history chronicles the progress of the world in all the paths of life that lead to the uplifting of humanity and the betterment of the world, so long will the name of "Mother Stewart'' figure on its pages. Among the great movements which have led to a clearer insight into the plans and purposes of the Creator for the human race. perhaps none has had more direct influence or become a stronger cause for good than the temperance work instituted by her in the Ohio town of which she was then a resident. Without force or compulsion. but through loving sympathy for her fellow THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 89 men, she has enrolled an army of workers for the right who are continually winning new victories for "God and Home and Native Land." And yet not alone as an advocate of temperance reform is Mrs. Stewart known to the world. Her efforts have been felt along almost every line that has led to the alleviation of human misery caused by wrong her influence has been a potent factor in the cause of Christ and her patriotism was an inspiration in the darkest hour of her country's peril. A native of Ohio, in .which state she is yet living, Mrs. Stewart was born in Piketon April 25, 1816, and has therefore passed the eighty-sixth milestone on life's journey. She is descended from two prominent American families, the Baldwin and the Guthery, and her grandfather, Colonel John Guthery, was one of the heroes of the Revolutionary war. She looked upon the serious side of life at a very early age, for she was only twelve when left an orphan by her father's death, her mother having died when she was but three years of age. 'When only nine years of age she operated a spinning wheel and when her father died and her brother went into business for himself, it became necessary for her to take charge of the stock upon the home farm, in addition to performing the work of the household and caring for an invalid stepmother. She afterward went to live with relatives and there she learned to spin wool, cotton and flax and when fourteen years of age her day's work equalled that of a grown woman. Though her early years were thus largely a period of physical toil she used her few leisure moments in the improvement of her mind and as she found opportunity attended the schools and seminaries in this part of Ohio and when eighteen years of age she engaged in teaching school. - 4 - Another duty came to her about 1833, when, becoming housekeeper for her brother, who was then postmaster of his town, she was sworn in as his assistant under the administration of General Jackson, being, it is believed, the first woman who ever acted in that capacity. In 1848 Eliza Daniels became the wife of .Hiram Stewart, and five children were born of this marriage, but all died in infancy. With a true mother's devotion, however, she cared for her two stepsons, whom she trained and educated to be an honor to their parents and their country. The elder son secured a teacher's certificate when only fourteen years of age and about that time he entered upon the regular course in the Ohio State University, being the youngest student ever admitted to the institution, and he graduated with the honors of his class. He always gave to Mrs.. Stewart great credit for what he accomplished, because of the splendid assistance which she rendered him in his early training, Later, when the country became involved in Civil war the two stepsons went to the front. in defense of the Union. In those years: Mrs. Stewart largely devoted her time and energies to the duties of home, church and society, and throughout her entire life she has had the deepest love of home. Yet there was to come a time when she would leave the quiet of her own fireside to take her place among the great workers of. the world, laboring for humanity and Christianity. Mrs. Stewart became a member of the Methodist church when fifteen years of age and in recent years she has joined the Christian Catholic church, of Zion City, founded by Dr. Dowie, who ordained her one of the elders, but her nature has always been too broad to be hampered by dogmas or creeds. Hers is the religion of Christianity, which 90 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. embraces the entire race in an effort for the universal uplifting of man. She became actively interested in temperance work in 1858, when she joined the Good Templars society, of which she has since been an honored member. When the Civil war came on and her husband went to the south in the commissary department, and her stepsons as soldiers of the Union, she began her work for the 'boys in blue" and thus won from them the loving name of "mother." She was one of the organizers of the Soldiers Aid Society, of Athens county, of which she was made the secretary, giving her time and energies to the work of collecting money, food and clothing, and in fact everything needed by the soldiers in the field and their families at home. She organized a large class of little girls, instructing them in the work of making quilts, bandages, lint and other useful articles for the soldiers. Her work won recognition not only from the humble private; but from some of the highest officials of the army and of the country, and she now has in her possession a framed certificate, officially signed. testifying to the work of her county in the Cincinnati Sanitary Fair, which work was largely due to the efforts of Mrs. Stewart. When Morgan made his raid through Ohio, she stood on picket duty at Athens one entire night, while the old men and boys left went out to fell trees and build fortifications to obstruct the route of the Confederate commander. She also has :in her possession a framed copy in the handwriting of the author, of Sherman's March to the Sea, a song which proved an inspiration to the soldiers ofttimes traveling a weary road. These are but a few of the many testimonials of appreciation which she received from her work and more than that, her name is deeply engraved in rever- ence and love upon the hearts of hundreds of soldiers who benfited by her labors. After the war ended there was still great suffering remaining as one of the after effects and she traveled and lectured in behalf of those who needed assistance until much relief was furnished by those who heard her earnest, eloquent words. Again her ability was called into action as a member of the state board of charities, in which capacity it became her duty to look after and report upon various charitable institutions of Ohio. Because of her pleasing and interesting style as a writer her services were secured to travel through the south and report to northern papers, and this she did in 1871 and 1872, thus helping to enlighten the public mind and encourage the just settlement of national difficulties. In the meantime Mrs. Stewart had become an active factor in woman's suffrage work. and a society, organized in her own parlor, chose her for its president. She has since become a national leader in this movement and has attended various national conventions in behalf of the furtherance of this cause. Throughout all the years she had continued to speak and labor in behalf of temperance as opportunity had offered. Her first public address on temperance was delivered under the auspices of the Good Templars in Pomeroy, Ohio, in 1858. Her labors continued through the following years until January, 1872, when she inaugurated a new movement in behalf of temperance, which has spread until it now encompasses almost the entire civilized world. At that date she spoke on temperance in Springfield, Ohio, the first lecture ever delivered there by a woman on that subject, and under the Adair law she plead and THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 91 gained cases for drunkards' wives in the courts of her city. Then came an appeal from the Women's Benevolent Society for temperance work, and the temperance sentiment thus aroused led to the organization of the now world-famous Women's Christian Temperance Union, Mrs. Stewart being chosen president of the first local union in Springfield. She organized the first union at Osborn, Ohio, December 1, 1873. followed by the organization of temperance women in Springfield. and from that point Mrs. Stewart continued her work through the different counties of the state. For years she traveled almost continuously, taking scarcely time to eat or sleep, ever organizing, stimulating and appealing to the people to arouse and destroy the liquor traffic. When the Prohibition party was formed she became one of its endorsers and has been a member of both the state and national Prohibition committees. In 1876 Mrs. Stewart became the missionary of temperance into foreign lands and carried the "white ribbon" to the women of Great Britain, who welcomed her heartily and co-operated in her great work for the reclamation of the race from the bonds of intemperance. The British Women's Temperance Association is the result. of her work. Almost twenty years later she again visited Great Britain, as the guest of Lady Henry Somerset, now the head of the movement there, attending the world's convention of the W. C. T. U. In her native land she took up the work of introducing the new movement among the women of the south; white and black, in 1878, and again in 1880, she sold her dearly prized souvenirs arc heirlooms in order to secure funds for carrying on the work there. Above and beyond all and through all, has been her abiding faith in Christianity, and certainly she has followed closely in the footsteps of him who came not to he ministered unto but to minister. Mrs. Stewart is the author of two works upon the subject of temperance. When, owing to her strenuous life and indefatigable efforts her health failed her so that she was obliged to leave the lecture platform and remain quietly at home, she wrote the Memories of the Crusade, and later she produced The Crusader in Great Britain, books which are more wonderful than fiction, more thrilling than romance, treating of the world's great tragedies and "the bloodless wounds of the soul, over which the angels weep." There certainly was never a more unbiased analyzation of character given than that contained in the psychological chart of Mrs. Stewart. made by the great phrenologist, Professor Headley, in 1882, at which time he had no intimation as to who his subject was. Hi said : "You have an organization of remarkable power, physically and mentally. You are of the finest quality, and hence are sympathetic, sensitive as a flower, possess very strong affections, and are cast in a charitable mold. And yet, withal, you have great endurance, wonderful executiveness. and amount of force, will and firmness„ especially in what is right and noble, that is worthy of a Wendell Phillips. Your brain is very large ; you take broad, comprehensive views of things, are capable of managing extensive enterprises and would be known anywhere as a leader and not a follower. The great organs in your character are Conscientiousness, Benevolence, Firmness, Perseverance and Human Nature. Such a combination as this was possessed by the John Howards, Florence 92 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL. RECORD. Nightingales and Elizabeth Freys of history. You are a natural reformer and agitator ; you have the head of a missonary. You take any risk, make any sacrifice and bear exposure or even abuse and the misconception of men for the sake of helping the down trodden, reforming the wayward and erring and doing work for God, but, above all, for humanity. You are not so orthodox but that character, rather than creed and human needs rather than dogmas, win and hold you most. You are a natural speaker, and can make vigorous, earnest, sympathetic speeches. You should lecture on the great questions of the day, 'Woman's Moral Culture,' 'Reform,' etc. You have not much acquisitiveness, and the money you might get out of a thing would be your last consideration. You are not selfish enough for your own personal profit, nor are your afraid of public opinion ; whether what you said or did was popular or not, would never trouble you as long as your conscience said it was right. You can write, would be a good editor or contributor to magazines, etc. Now, combined with your force and moral independence, I find a large conjugal nature. You would be a good wife; would be as true as steel, even to an inferior or non-appreciative husband. You are very motherly and love pets—the young and beautiful everywhere. You possess a degree of friendship that is large; while you are not attracted to the masses, except to do them good, yet with congenial souls you would be kindlier and would give your confidence almost beyond the bounds of need. You are mathematical, exact, honest, executive, long-suffering and yet are balanced by wonderful hope, great cheerfulness, and, at times, are joyous and humorous as a child. Herein lies the safeguard against the strain of your intensely grave and earnest character. God cripples your usefulness a little in that he had not given you another sex. You should have been a man. The world needs such men every day." Mrs. Stewart now resides at her beautiful and attractive home on Appletree Place in Springfield. When she reached the eightieth anniversary of her birth some of her friends prepared and printed an account of her life, closing it with the words : 'Dearly beloved Mother Stewart, yours is one of the true lives that can never die.' Your 'promotion' may come, but your influence upon the soldiers of prohibition, patriotism, temperance and righteousness will never pass from under your command. You have placed the insignia of your Savior's love in every loyal heart, given the ensign of His cross into the hand of every true disciple, while the badges of fidelity are on every breast. Your friends, anxious to 'give honor to whom honor is due,' have gathered as best they could some of the more important and memorable incidents of your life work as a loving memorial of your eightieth birthday. We feel it to be a small and insignificant tribute, compared with the magnificent life you have lived, but we know that loving hearts and willing hands may write and rewrite regarding your remarkable career, yet we are sure that the hand of Infinity only can do you justice. Mortals can not compute the miles traveled, the weary steps taken, the heartfelt anxieties, the tears shed, prayers offered, appeals made, pledges taken, badges given,. the treasure expended, the faith exercised, the trusts kept and blessings bestowed. No, we can not know, and you have kept no account; it was His work, and 'God holds the ledger.' Blessed thought ! that while our THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 93 loving mission fails in enumeration, the angels know; and if our earnest appreciation fails to compass your work. God's crown will cover it all." GEORGE H. FREY, SR. George H. Frey, Sr.; prominent among the older residents of Springfield, was born at Philadelphia. Jefferson county, New York, December 19, 1825, and is a son of Samuel C. and Susan (Calhoun) Frey. The father was born at St. Johnsville, in what is now Fulton county, New York. and was of the fifth generation in the line of descent from Henry Frey, who settled at Paletine Bridge. New York, in 1684, having come from Zurich, Switzerland. Tie burgomaster of that city certified him to be a. good house-builder. There were no white settlers as far up the valley of the Mohawk river as the locality in which Henry Frey took up his abode. He was at the headquarters of the most warlike tribe of the Mohawk Indians and these were said to be the most ferocious of the American red men. He and his descendants, however, lived among these Indians for about one hundred years and never had any trouble with them. During all of the period of the early colonial history when the French possessed lower Canada and their Indian allies made frequent forays on the New England and New York colonies the Mohawk Indians were efficient protectors of the family. The 'next in the line of direct descent was Henry Frey, the second, and he was the father of Henry Frey, the third, who was attached to the staff of Sir William Johnson and was present at the capture of Fort Niagara when it was taken from the French during the colonial wars. He also filled various commissions, by appointment from the crown, including the position of colonel of militia and magistrate. He was. likewise a member of the colonial legislature. A man of broad learning, he had been admitted to the bar and was -a prominent and influential resident of his community. in 1774 he was appointed one of the judges of common pleas for the new county of Tryon, which embraced all the territory of the colony of New York. west of Schenectady. His frequent appointments, together with the fact that just before the Revolution he qualified as a judge, and also owing to the fact that he and associate judges declined to serve as members of the committee of public safety, led to his suffering much persecution, although his brother and his brother-in-law were both members of the committee of public safety and he was a warm personal friend of General Philip Schuyler, one of the leading patriots of the colony. His brother-in-law was General Nicholas Herkimer, but the influence of none of these men availed and neither did the fact that Judge Frey. himself. had contributed seven thousand dollars to the support of the army, for the grudges and jealousies of men, who seemed to control affairs, were manifest in the continued annoyances. He was also seized and sent to Hartford, Connecticut, and his son, Philip R. Frey, was also put under arrest, being taken from school at Schenectady and confined in the stockade at Johnstown, New York. The son, Philip R. Frey, became ill in his unhealthy place of confinement and his mother and sister procured for him permission to visit home. his arrest being an arbitrary proceeding, for he was then only sixteen years of age when taken from school 94 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and put in confinement. As he was an only son his mother determined to put him beyond the reach of any further persecution and placed him in charge of some Indians of the Six Nations. He was then taken to Canada, where he remained until after the close of the Revolutionary war. In the meantime Philip Frey was married in Detroit, Michigan, to Miss Marie Louise St. Martin, who it is claimed, was a niece of General Montcalm, who fell at the head of the French troops in the battle of Quebec. On his return to the Mohawk valley Philip Frey, who was the grandfather of our subject, completed the study of law but was engaged in practice for only a few years, when he died. His first wife had previously passed away and he had afterward married Mrs. Elizabeth Howe. The first child born of this union was Samuel C. Frey, the father of our subject. Samuel C. Frey learned the trade of a watchmaker and silversmith at Canajoharie, New York, and also followed these pursuits in Syracuse, New York. He was married in the former place to Miss Calhoun, a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and a daughter of Andrew Calhoun, a native of the north of Ireland and also remotely related to the prominent Calhoun family of the south. In 183o, when the subject of this review was but five years of age. the father removed to Canada and there George H. Frey saw the first steamer that ever sailed on the waters of Lake Ontario. It was the old Niagara, which made a rate of speed of about five miles an hour. The father located at Brockville, Ontario, and took an active interest in public affairs. In 1837, when the rebellion arose, he and his immediate friends, among them Stephen Richard's, the father of the late Chief Justice Richards, of the Do minion of Canada, were threatened with arrest for suspected sympathy with the rebellion. Mr. Frey escaped without arrest and came to the states in December, 1837, settling at Morristown, New York, where he remained until 1838, when on account of supposed. hostility to British interests and violation of the neutrality laws he was again threatened with arrest. He then went to Canton, Ohio, with his family, where he remained for nearly twenty years and from 1857 until 1870 he was a resident of Springfield. In the latter year he went south to Decatur, Alabama, where he died in February, 1877, his wife passing 'away in March, 1883. George H. Frey received his preliminary education at Brockville, Ontario, and later studied under the instruction of private tutors, receiving excellent educational advantages for those days. With the intention of becoming a member of the legal profession, he then entered the office of Hiram Griswold, of Canton, Ohio, and read law. until admitted to the bar in Xenia, in Tune, 1847. At that time he came to Springfield, which was then 'a town of about thirty-six hundred. He opened an office, entering into partnership with a man who was also the editor of the Republic, the leading Whig paper of the county. In 1849 Mr. Frey took charge of the office of the Cincinnati & Sandusky Telegraph Company, in this city, as operator for one year. In 18o he was elected superintendent of the company and in 1852 he was elected president, so continuing until about 1859, when the company was absorbed by .the Postal and Western Union Telegraph Companies, each purchasing a portion. During this time Mr. Frey had become one of the owners of the Republic printing office, having purchased an in- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 95 serest in 1854, about the time of the beginning of the agitation of slavery. He continued one of the editors and chief owners of the Springfield Republic until 1861, when, on account of ill health, he withdrew from the business and turned his attention to the quarry business, in the manufacture of lime on an extensive scale, having large quarries north of Buck creek in the city limits. This enterprise claimed his attention until about 1889, and the business was increased to a considerable extent, giving employment to many men. In 1889, however, Mr. Frey withdrew and has since lived in retirement. For a number of years he has been one of the directors of the Second National Bank and 'has other excellent investments in stock and property. In 1851 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Frey and Miss Jane Quigley Ward, of Springfield, a daughter of Isaac and Mary Ward. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Frey were born twelve children, of whom five are still living: Isaac Ward, George H., Albert C., Robert R. and Susan H. Robert is connected with the John Deere Plow Works, of Moline, Illinois. The wife and mother died in April, 1881 in the faith of the Presbyterian church, of which she had long been a member. Mr. Frey has held membership with the First, the Second and the Third Presbyterian churches, joining these successively, as the churches have been divided and new ones formed in order to meet the demands of the growing population. He served as an elder in the Second church. In politics he has long been a stalwart Republican and the history of the Republican Party of Ohio said of him : "There is no one in the state of Ohio, who has done more for the city of Springfield and the county of Clark than has the gentleman whose name appears at the head of this sketch and no one is better posted than he in the early politics of Ohio. As a journalist his pen has supported the principles of the grand old party, and his intelligent advocacy of its principles has been an important and effective factor in molding public sentiment. His .firm convictions on matters of public policy have led him to. stand loyally by the party through the period of its darkest gloom as well as its brightest days and to carry forward its work until many of its principles have been impressed upon the statute books of the nation. Today- he stands as one of the pioneers of Republicanism in the state, a patriotic, devoted citizen, who earnestly cherishes the welfare of the country, and believes that the greatest good will come to the nation through the adoption of Republican policy. In 1856 he was appointed one of the delegates to the convention held at Pittsburg, February 22d, for the purpose of organizing-the national Republican party and to provide for the selection of delegates to the first Republican national convention ( for nominating presidential candidates) which was. held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 19, 1856, to which Mr. Frey was also a delegate., He was widely known in political circles and was on intimate terms with many of the early leaders. He was a personal friend of Horace Greeley, and when that eminent journalist was a candidate for president of the United States, Mr. Frey gave him a complimentary vote, as did all the voting members of the family." He has made an untarnished record and unspotted reputation as a business man. In all places and under all circumstances he is loyal to truth, honor and right, justly valuing his own self-respect as infinitely more preferable than wealth, fame and position. In those finer traits of 96 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. character which combine to form that which we term friendship, which endear and attach man to man in bonds which nothing but the stain of dishonor can sever, which triumph and shine brightest in the hour of adversity, —in those qualities he is royally endowed. WILLIAM. T. OTSTOT. William T. Otstot, well known as an enterprising agriculturist of Clark county, was born in December, 1837, on the old homestead farm which his father purchased in that year, and it is still his home. 1.-k is a son of Daniel and Hannah (Dushane) Otstot. The former was born and reared in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania. and by his marriage became the father of ten children. of whom the subject of this review is the youngest. In early life William T, Otstot became familiar with farm work through the assistance which he rendered to his father in cultivating the fields of the home farm. He was thus engaged until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when aroused by a spirit of patriotism he offered his services to the government, enlisting in September. 1861, as a member of the Forty-fourth Ohio Infantry, with which he served continuously until January, 1864. He then re-enlisted as a member of the Eighth Cavalry, with which he continued until July, 1865. The war having closed, he was then mustered out at Camp Dennison. He had first enlisted in the Springfield fair grounds and he re-enlisted at Strawberry Plains, in east Tennessee. His duty largely took him to the outposts. but he participated in the .siege of Knoxville and was always true to the old flag, faith fully responding to every call made upon him and to every military task which was assigned him. After his return home he resumed farming upon the old home place which his father had purchased in 1837, paying eighteen dollars per acre for it. In 1881 Mr. Otstot purchased this farm from the other heirs, paying one hundred dollars per acre for the tract of one hundred acres. This rise of value indicates the improved condition of the farm as well as the advanced progress caused by the growth in population in the county. He keeps his farm under a good state of cultivation and it is equipped with modern machinery and all accessories found upon a model farm of the twentieth century. In 1868 Mr. Otstot was united in marriage to Miss Mary A. Willis, a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth Willis, of Columbus, Ohio, both of whom are now deceased. Unto our subject and his wife have been born three children. but Walter, the second, died in infancy. The daughter, Nellie, is at home, and Harry, who is now twenty-four years of age, assists his father in the work of the farm. Mr. Otstot is connected with Mitchell Post, No. 45, G. A. R., and is to-day a loyal citizen, very deeply interested in the 'welfare of his county, state and nation, and their substantial progress. HON. MELVIN L. MILLIGAN. Melvin L. Milligan is one of Ohio's native sons, his birth having occurred on a farm in Perry county July 28, 1860. His parents were Alfred P. and Rachel (Iliff) Milligan. His paternal grandfather, George Milligan, was a native of Pennsylvania, THE BIOGRAPHICAL. RECORD - 99 born in 1801, and became one of the pioneer settlers of the Buckeye state. He married Priscilla Thrap, and among their children was Alfred P. Milligan, whose birth occurred in Perry county, Ohio, September 1. 1831. After arriving at years of maturity he wedded Rachel Iliff, who was born in the same county February 16, 1840. Both are still living, their home being in Deavertown, Ohio. Mr. Milligan of this review was reared as a farmer boy. attending the district schools in Perry and Morgan counties, where he prepared for college. He then matriculated in Zanesville Business College and later became a student in the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, Ohio, being graduated in the latter institution in the class of 1884 with the degree of B. A.. while the degree of A. M. was conferred upon him three years later. He then became a student of law and was admitted to the bar before the supreme court at Columbus. Subsequently he went to Kansas City. Missouri, where he opened an office and entered upon the practice of his profession, but later became connected with the Associated Press of Kansas City. In the fall of 1891 he returned to Ohio, locating in Springfield. and since that time has been a representative of the industrial interests of the city. He became financially interested in the Springfield Foundry Company, the Miller Gas Engine 'Company, and the Indianapolis Switch & Frog Company. which is engaged in the manufacture of switches and frogs for railroads and also railroad specialties. It was incorporated July 27, 1892, with a capital stock of three hundred thousand dollars and Mr. Milligan served as its president for four years. In 1902 when the Springfield Foundry Company was merged with and re-organized as the Fairbanks Machine Tool Company, he became its president and general manager and is now serving in that capacity. On the 3oth of August, 1887, Mr. Milligan was united in marriage to Miss Jennie Fairbanks, of Columbus, Ohio, a daughter of Loriston and Mary Adelaide Fairbanks. Four children have been born unto them : Loriston F., Harry S., Mary Adelaide and Robert L. In politics Mr. Milligan is a Republican and takes an active interest in the success of the party and in the election of his friends. He is a close student of political issues and questions, which has led to his firm faith in the Republican party and its principles. In April, 1901, he was elected mayor of Springfield for a term of two years and his administration is one which has given universal satisfaction. He has labored untiringly along practical business lines for the welfare and upbuilding of the city. CALVIN A. HORR. Calvin Auburn Horr was for many years a prominent factor in business circles of Springfield and at his death he left to his family not only the splendid financial result of his labors but also an untarnished name. Everywhere in our land are found men who have worked their own way from humble beginnings to leadership in. the commerce, the great productive industries, the management of financial affairs, and in controlling the veins and arteries of the traffic and exchanges of the country. It is one of the glories of our nation that it is so. It should be the strongest incentive and encourage-