550 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. 1829, and is a worthy representative of one of the honored pioneer families of this county. His grandfather, James Todd, was an energetic farmer, who was born in County Cork. Ireland, and came to America before the colonies achieved their independence. Settling in Massachusetts, he joined the Continental army on the outbreak of the Revolutionary war, taking up arms against the hereditary foe of his native land. When peace Was restored he located near Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. and there he was united in to marriage o Miss Mary Brand. by whom he had seven children. James Todd. Jr., the father of our subject, being the fourth in order of birth. The latter was born near Philadelphia. October 22, 1796. and in 1806 accompanied the family on their removal to Warren county, Ohio. Their first home in this state was a little cabin on a small branch of the Miami river, which still bears the name of Todd's fork. was here that James Todd, Sr., lost his first wife and he subsequently married a Miss Neely, by whom he had two children. They continued to make their home at Todd's Fork until they, too, were called to their final rest. James Todd. Jr., grew to manhood in this portion of Ohio and on the 28th of January, 1819. was married in Green township, Clark county, to Miss ;Elizabeth Garlough, who was born in Maryland January 12, 1799. Her parents, John and Mary Garlough, were natives of Germany and Maryland, respectively. After their marriage Mr. and Mrs. Todd located permanently in the northern part of Green township, where he followed the peaceful vocation of a farmer until his death, which occurred December 29, 1863. His wife survived him and passed away on the 13th of April, 1890. He was a soldier of the war of 1812 under the com mand of General Harrison, and the rifle, powder-horn and bullet pouch which he carried throughout the struggle are now in possession of our subject. In religious faith he was a Presbyterian, and was long an earnest and consistent member of that church. W. Brand Todd, whose name introduces this review, was the fifth in order of birth in a family of nine children, and was reared upon the old homestead in Green township, following the general routine of farm work. His early education was obtained in the subscription school of the neighborhood. but reading and experience have given him a knowledge of men and affairs that could not be acquired in the schools of any period. Until thirty-three years of age he remained with his parents on the farm, assisting in the work of field and meadow with exception of the summer season for eight years, when he worked at the millwright's trade. On the 26th of May, 1863. Mr. Todd was united in marriage to Miss Rebecca Wilkinson, of Madison township. this county, a daughter of Joseph and Mary ( Williams) Wilkinson. who were natives of Berks county, Pennsylvania, the former born March 24, 1801, and the latter January 6, 18o6. Her grandfather, William Wilkinson, was also born in that county on the 10th of October, 1769. and his wife, who bore the maiden name of Lydia McCord, was born in the same county October 8, 1773. He spent his last days in Ohio, where he died of typhus fever at the age of sixty-three years and elewen months and was buried in the David McComick burying -01 ound on the west side of the Big Miami river. At the age of twenty-two years Mary Williams gave her hand in marriage to Joseph Wilkinson and a few years later they THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 551 decided to come west and try their fortune in Ohio. Accordingly in 1832, accompanied by their two little ones. they started for the Buckeye state. traveling by horse and wagon, the only means of conveyance at that time. After several weeks spent upon the road they landed in Belmont county, Ohio. where they resided for a short time and then came to Clark county, Ohio, which was the home of Mrs. Wilkinson for nearly half a century. Her husband dying of smallpox January 27, 1850, she was left a widow at the age of forty-four years with seven children to provide for, but by hard work and the assistance of her eldest son she reared them all to man and womanhood and gave them all a fair education. In 1886. in company with two daughters and a grandson, she visited her childhood home in Pennsylvania, meeting her only surviving- sister, then seventy-eight years of age. after a separation of fifty-four years. When in her eighty-fifth year this remarkable old lady was still hale and hearty and not only cooked. washed and ironed for her family of four. but also wove carpets. On the Sabbath day she attended church regularly, some times walking- the entire distance of three miles. She was a most exemplary Christian, an affectionate mother and kind neighbor and was highly respected by all who knew her. She was the mother of nine children and had nineteen grandchildren and seven great-grandchildren. She passed away March 1, 1901, at the advanced age of ninety-five years and was buried near her husband in Greenplain cemetery. In 1870 Mr. Todd purchased a farm of one hundred acres. one mile east of Clifton. and to its cultivation and improvement he devoted his energies until 1888. when he bought the Elder Stewart homestead in Clif ton and resided there for fourteen years. He then removed to Springfield, where he and his wife now reside with their son. In politics he is an ardent Republican and has taken quite an active part in public affairs, serving as township trustee five years; assessor eighteen years ; and as a member and treasurer of the Clifton school board fifteen years. He was always found prompt and faithful in the discharge of his official duties and true to every trust reposed in him whether public or private. He is a well informed, agreeable gentleman and is held in high regard wherever known. CHARLIE E. TODD. Charlie E. Todd, proprietor of a livery, coach and boarding stable -in Springfield, was born on the old homestead farm in Green township October 6, 186, and is the only surviving child of W. Brand and Rebecca (Wilkinson) Todd, whose sketch precedes this. He pursued his education in the village of Clifton as a student in the Clifton Union school, and during the winter of 1881-2 he took a course in the Champion City Business College at Springfield. On leaving school he engaged in business at Clifton on his own account, handling farm implements. and in 1896 went to Xenia, where he engaged in the same business, remaining there for one year. He then removed to Springfield and purchased the livery stable of the Firm of Deffenbaugh & Morand on Fountain avenue. In 1901 Mr. Todd removed his stock to Nos. 22 and 24 Limestone street. where Ile now has a good stable and is doing a successful livery business, his being among- the best horses and turnouts in 552 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. the city. He caters only to the best trade, takes charge of funerals and does an extensive boarding business. In 1888 Mr. Todd was united in marriage to Miss Etta Confer, of Donnelsville, Clark county, a daughter of John H. Confer, an honored old pioneer. Mrs. Todd, like her husband, was an only child. She died of tuberculosis May 26, 1902, at the age of thirty-six years. She was an earnest member of r the First Lutheran church of Springfield and led a true Christian life. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Todd were born two children, Fern and Elmer, aged, respectively, thirteen and ten years. In his social relations Mr. Todd is a prominent Mason. holding membership in Yellow Springs Lodge, No. 421, F. & A. M. ; Springfield Chapter, No. 48, R. A. M. ; Springfield Council, No. 17, R. & S. M. ; and Palestine Commanders, No. 33, K. T. He is likewise a member of Antioch Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, of Dayton, and of Clifton Lodge, No. 669, K. of P. Close application to business and an earnest desire to please his patrons have secured to him a good patronage and he is now conducting one of the leading and profitable livery stables of the city. ALFRED J. SLACK. Alfred J. Slack is now proprietor of the P. Slack Sons' gun and sporting goods store. the third oldest commercial enterprise of Springfield. The establishment was founded by his father, with whom he was associated in the years of his early manhood and now he is sole proprietor, carrying on a business of considerable magnitude and main- taining a reputation which the house has ever sustained. Mr. Slack is a native of Cincinnati. where he was born January 1o, 1852. His father, Peter Slack, was born in Peterboro. Lincolnshire, England, in June, 1820. and died in September, 1892, at the age of seventy-one years. He was educated in England and learned the gunsmith's trade there, serving a seven years' apprenticeship for his board and clothes. After working there for a few years as a journeyman he crossed the Atlantic to America in the fall of 1851, making his way direct to Cincinnati, Ohio. Ere leaving his native land he was married to Maria Manton, who was born in Spalding. England. and died in this city in 1873, at the age of fifty-one years. They became the parents of six children : A. J., who is the only one born in Cincinnati : Lucy. the wife of M. Johnston, of Springfield : Laura, the wife of John J. Rowthan, of Springfield ; Charles M.. who was in business with his brother Alfred and died in March, 1898, at the age of thirty-eight years and two who died in early childhood. Charles M. Slack was married and had two children, Charles and Helen. His widow was a daughter of Dr. Leonard and now resides in Brooklyn, New York. In the fall of 1851 Peter Slack arrived in Cincinnati and at once found employment there. He remained in that city for two and one-half years, working as a journeyman gunmaker and then came to Springfield, where he embarked in business for himself, establishing a gun store and repair business. He received credit for four hundred dollars from the man by whom he had been employed in Cincinnati and thus he was enabled to begin business on his own account. He manufactured guns and did much work THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 553 along that line. The building was located where the Leuty meat market now stands. He gave close attention to his business, enlarging its scope from time to time in order to meet the growing demands of the trade and removed from his first location to East Main street below Spring street. There he remained for six years, after which he rented a store east of the present site of the store conducted by our subject. There the father carried on business until his death. He not only manufactured guns, but carried a large line of sporting goods of all kinds. He also began buying raw furs during the war, which he shipped to market, finding this a profitable source of income, and in 1872 he began dealing in wool, the firm soon becoming known as extensive wool dealers in Ohio. Gradually Mr. Slack attained success in his business as a result of his enterprise, careful management and determination. He purchased and erected several houses in the city and built his home at No. 2;9 South Fountain avenue, there residing for twenty-nine years. Both he and his wife died in that home and were then laid to rest in Ferncliff cemetery. Mr. Slack was a Republican and took an active part in civic affairs. He served as a member of the city council for several years and kept well informed on the issues and questions of the day, reading extensively on all general matters. Both he and his wife held membership rn the Center Street Methodist Episcopal church. in which he long served as an officer, and were charitable and benevolent people who gave freely of their means to promote the cause of Christianity and to aid the poor and needy. In the public schools of Springfield Alfred J. Slack. of this review, pursued his education and he first received practical knowledge of business affairs through association with his father. In his boyhood days he worked in the store at intervals and at the age of seventeen entered the store permanently. After he had been in business for some time the father admitted his sons to partnership and together they conducted the business until a few years prior to the father's death, when he retired from the active management. When the business came into the hands of the sons they extended it greatly and built up a large trade, the enterprise proving a very profitable one. The relations between the brothers was maintained continuously until the death of Charles Slack, when Alfred J. Slack purchased his brother's interest and has since carried on the business alone under the old firm name of P. Slack Sons. From the time when he became a partner at ..the age of twenty-one years until the present he has been an active factor in its successful conduct. He not only deals in guns, but other sporting goods, and is also extensively engaged in buying fur and wool, his business in that direction amounting to a considerable sum each year. In May, 1875, in Springfield, occurred the marriage of Mr. Slack and Miss Lydia Sparks, who was born in Bellbrook, Ohio, in 1849 and was a daughter of Ephraim Sparks, who at one time owned a farm and blacksmith shop in Clark county, Ohio, afterward living a retired life. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Slack have been born five children : Leona, who is now pursuing a special course in music and painting; Bertha ; John Edward, who assists his father in business and is a graduate of the high school and of Nelson's Business College, and has also been a student in Wittenberg College; and Glena and Alvia, both in school. The family home is at No. 313 South Fountain avenue. Mr. 554 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD Slack purchased the property here and erected his residence in 1877. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Center street Methodist Episcopal church and take an active interest in its growth and upbuilding. He is a member of Red Star Lodge, K. of P., and in politics is an active Republican. While never an aspirant for office himself, he has served as a delegate to county and state conventions and does all in his power to promote Republican successes. He is justly accounted one of the reliable business men of the city, honored and esteemed by all for his reliability, his trustworthiness in trade circles and his genuine worth. DANIEL A. MYERS Daniel A. Myers is a representative farmer and dairyman of German township. He was born near Reynoldsburg, Franklin county, Ohio, July 17, 1857, and is a son of Abram and Maria (Wingert) Myers. The father was a farmer by occupation. He was born in Franklin county, Pennsylvania, July 27, 1812, and was there reared to manhood and married. His wife was also a native of Franklin county, and some of their 'children were born in Pennsylvania before the removal of the family to Ohio. On coming westward they settled in Franklin county, this state, where they spent their remaining days. In their family were ten children, but only four are now living. Nancy became the wife of Benjamin Motts and died in Franklin county, leaving five children. John, a farmer near Etna, Licking county, Ohio, married Anna Blosser and they have five children. Barbara became the wife of William Will and died in Franklin county, Ohio, leaving four children. Levi married Catherine Will and died in Franklin county, this state, leaving two children. Abram F. married Mary Kenney. by whom he had ten children and is now living in Franklin county. David, who died in that county, left a wife whose maiden name was Jane Overholser. Margaret is the wife of John Trish, of Newark., Ohio, by whom she has three children: Mary became the wife of George Kissel and died in Franklin county. leaving two children. Daniel A. is the next of the family. Elizabeth, the youngest, died in girlhood. Daniel A. Myers was the youngest son of the family and his boyhood days were spent on the old home farm, while in the public schools he acquired a fair English education. At the age of eighteen he began to earn his own living, his father giving him a start by making him a present of a team, wagon and plow and some other farm implements. He then farmed his father's land and showed that his practical business training in youth was of material benefit in enabling him to carry on the work of farming on his own account. Coming to Clark county on a visit Mr. Myers here became acquainted with Miss Martha Overholser, of this county, who was born in German township and is a daughter of Moses and Eva (Rust) Overholser. He sought the hand of the young lady in marriage and in Columbus, on the 26th of September, 1876, the marriage ceremony was performed. They lived for about eighteen months in Franklin county, Mr. Myers operating rented land. After gaining a start he purchased ninety acres, where he now lives in German township, Clark county. Here he now has one hundred and seventy-eight acres all in one body, although it ex- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 555 tends on the other side of the county boundary line. This is a highly improved place and in 1890 he erected a good residence, while in 1900 he built his large barn. He is now successfully carrying on general farming and dairying and both branches of his business provide him with products which find a ready sale on the market and return to him a good income. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Myers have been born four children : Rosa, born April 17, 1878; Mary Ellen, born September 23, 1879; John Henry, born March 31, 1883; and Noah Orlando, born August 15, 1885. Mr. Myers usually votes with the Democratic party, but is not a strong partisan man. He belongs to the religious order known as the River Brethren, being connected with the Dayton District and his membership is in the church at Donnelsville. He is true to upright principles of life and commands the respect and confidence of his fellow men, while through his business affairs he has gained for himself and his family a comfortable home and good compe- tence. HENRY LEFFEL. Henry Leffel was born in Clark county, Ohio, in the township of Springfield, October 27. 1821. His father, Thomas Leffel, was a native of Virginia and was one of a family of ten children, seven sons and three daughters. The sons were : Samuel ; John, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work ; Daniel; Jacob, who married a Miss Stafford, of Yellow Springs; Thomas ; Anthony ; and James P. Thomas Leffel was married in Virginia to Miss Margaret Carney, and about 1818 came to Ohio, journeying in a one-horse wagon and bringing with him his wife and one child, then but eighteen months of age. On the journey he tied a tree to the rear of the wagon to act as a brake to impede its progress in going down hill. He first settled just east of Carlisle and afterward removed to the Sients farm on the National Hike. There he remained for a number of years, after which he removed to Springfield township, south of the city of Springfield. He was a poor man when he came to Ohio and being unable to buy ready made furnishings for his home he used a box for a table. By hard work and indefatigable industry, however, he at length won success and became the owner of a very desirable farm, provided with many of the comforts of life. His death occurred in October, 1856, when he was sixty-one years of age. His wife survived him for twenty-two years and died in the eighty-seventh year of her age. She was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. In his political views Mr. Leffel was a Democrat. He was very energetic and persevering and set for his family an example in this respect well worthy of emulation. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Leffel were born eleven children, eight of whom are now living, while one died in infancy and two others have also passed away. The family record is as follows : John, born in Virginia, is now deceased. Hannah became the wife of George Deaton, but both are deceased. Sarah is the wife of Isaac Stratton and their home is in Green township, Clark county. Henry is the fourth in order of birth. Elizabeth is the wife of David Wolf, a resident of Upper Sandusky, Ohio. Catherine married Asa Baker, who is now deceased, while her home is on North Factory street. Susan 556 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD is the widow of John Dudley and resides on East Clifton street in Springfield. Polly is the wife of William Armstrong, of Indiana. Amanda is the widow of Pierson Dudley and resides in East Liberty. Thomas is living on West Mulberry street in this city. Henry Leffel, whose name introduces this review, was born and reared near Springfield and attended the district schools, pursuing his studies in what is known as the Possum school, which was conducted on the subscription plan. He was thus engaged until eighteen years of age through the winter months, while in the summer months he assisted his father in clearing and deweloping the home farm. He remained at home until twenty-two years of age, when he began cutting wood. He received twenty-five cents per cord and boarded himself. Later he secured work of the same kind and received his board in addition to the twenty-five cents per cord paid him. He also cradled grain for one dollar per day and for mowing received fifty cents per day. Later he worked at eight dollars a month during the summer season. He was industrious and economical and in this way he was enabled to lay by some money. When twenty-seven years of age he made his first purchase of land, becoming the owner of forty acres, for which he paid seven hundred dollars. Later he bought another tract, for which he paid sixteen hundred dollars, and subsequently he bought eighty-four acres for three thousand dollars. This was his father's old farm, and for it he paid cash. It is situated in Green township and the purchase was made after his father's death. It will thus be seen that as the years advanced he worked earnestly, carefully and systematically and gained due success. Mr. Leffel was united in marriage to Miss Agnes Inlow, who is now deceased. They had two children : Margaret Jane, the wife of George Plattenberg, a resident of this city ; and Henry Oliver, who resides in Green township. He married Martha Gram and they have five children—Viola, Dora, Harriet, Mary and Margaret. Mrs. Leffel, the mother, was buried in Greenmount cemetery, and in 1856 Mr. Leffel was again married, his second union being with Miss Lucinda Slater, who was born in Clinton county. Ohio. a daughter of William and Sarah ( Thomas) Slater. Her parents remowed to Springfield when the daughter was only three years of age. and a year after the father died, passing away in 1835, at which time his remains were interred in Columbia street cemetery. He was a carpenter and cabinet maker. His wife, who was born April T6, T800, died November 5, 1876, and was buried in Ferncliff cemetery. They were the parents of seven children, of whom two died in childhood. The others were : Joseph, now a resident of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania : Martha, who became the wife of Gilbert Souder, but both are now deceased ; Calvin, who has also passed away; Lucinda, the wife of our subject ; and Henrietta: who married Samuel Deffenbaugh, but is now deceased. Her husband resides on West Pleasant street in this city. Mr. Leffel was married the second time in Springfield and continued to reside in the city for two years. He was engaged in hauling wood from his farm to the city until 1858, when he removed to the old home place in Green township, where he engaged in farming for six years. On the expiration of that period he returned to the county seat, this being during the time of the Civil war. Here he enlisted as a member of Company D, One THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 557 Hundred and Forty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, becoming a private of that command in May, 1864. In August, of the same year, he returned home and in 1866 he again took up his residence upon the farm, here remaining until 1894. On the expiration of that period he removed to Yellow Springs, Greene county, Ohio, where he lived for four years and then removed to Springfield, Ohio, his present home being at No. 497 West Mulberry street. Since leaving the farm four years ago, he has lived a retired life. He owns eighty-four acres of fine farm land and has erected good buildings upon his place, which he keeps in excellent condition. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Leffel have been born five children. Frances is the widow of Henry Cosier and resides on West High street. She has an adopted daughter, Frances. Calista is the wife of William Randolph Seeger, of Springfield, and they have five children —Laura M., Elmer 0., Cozetta V.. Pearl N. and Raymond. Florence died at the age of three months. Luella is the wife of John Sparrow, a resident of Green township. Clark county, and they have one child, Sarah M. William Sheridan resides at home. In his political views Mr. Leffel was first a Whig and upon the dissolution of that party he joined the ranks of the new Republican party, which he supported for some time. but to-day he is a Prohibitionist. For about three years he served as a member of the school board. Both he and his wife are devoted Christian people holding membership in the Central Methodist Episcopal church. For fifty years he has been a licensed preacher and has served as a class-leader and trustee. while for over a half century he has been a member of the official board. Inreligious matters he has been very active, con- - 29 - scientious, zealous and influential. When twenty-one years of age he became superintendent of the Sunday-school and long acted in that capacity. He is a member of Mitchell Post, No. 43, G. A. R., and he takes a deep and abiding interest in everything pertaining to the general good, doing all in his power to promote advancement along social, material, intellectual and moral lines. PATRICK J. HIGGINS Patrick J. Higgins, a practitioner at the bar of Springfield, was born in Springfield township, Clark county, July 9, 1862. His father. Redmond Higgins, was a native of Ireland, and in that country acquired his early education. In 1834 he came to the United States and soon afterward married Bridget O'Brien. They began their domestic life in Pleasant township, Clark county, Ohio, where the father engaged in general farming and stock-raising. He was an active, industrious man and a good citizen and neighbor, and in this locality he made his home throughout his remaining days, passing away on the farm in 1893, when in his seventy-sixth year. His wife, who survives him, is still living upon the old home place in Pleasant township. She is a devout member of the Catholic church, to whith her husband also belonged. Patrick J. Higgins of this review is one of a family of six children, the others being : John ; Thomas ; Catherine, the wife of John Golden ; Ellen, who is with her mother; and Redmond. No event of special importance occurred to vary the routine of farm life for Patrick T. Higgins in his youth. He assisted in the 558 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD work of field and meadow, laboring with his father and his brothers in the conduct of the old home place. During the winter months when the farm work was practically over for the year, he would enter the public schools, and thus he acquired his education. He remained under the parental roof until his eighteenth year and then desirous of enjoying more advanced educational privileges he entered the State University, at Columbus, where he pursued his studies for three years. Subsequently he engaged in teaching for two and one-half years in Madison county. Ohio, and six months in Clark county, and this provided him with the means necessary to enable him to prepare for the practice of law, which he desired to make his life work. He pursued his reading under the direction of George Spence, of Springfield, and on the 5th of June, 1889, was admitted to the bar at Columbus before the supreme court. Immediately afterward he came to Springfield and opened his office. Already he has gained good success. He is a close student and his application, combined with his comprehensive knowledge in his profession and his devotion to his client's interests, has given him an advantage in the courts that has enabled him to readily progress to a creditable standing as a member of the Springfield bar. In 1901 he was admitted to practice in the United States courts. He is well known throughout the county as a rising young lawyer and the future undoubtedly holds in store for him creditable success. On the 24th of May, 1899, Mr. Higgins was united in marriage to Catherine Moran, of Springfield, a daughter of Martin Moran, a native of Ireland. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Higgins have been born two sons, Redmond and Martin Leo. Our subject is a genial affable gentleman, who makes friends wherever he goes and is popular throughout this county. His success in the chosen field of his labors is such as may well be envied by many an older practitioner and indicates that his qualifications and native ability are such as to command consideration at the bar. CYRUS M. LONG. Cyrus M. Long is a cement contractor doing a good business in Springfield. although he has been a resident of this city only since the 6th of June. 1900. He was born on a farm in Milford township, Knox county, Ohio, January 31, 1853. His family is of Welsh lineage and comes of a long lived race. One of the great-grandfathers of our subject, who bore the name of Postlewaite, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. Solomon Long and his wife, the paternal grandparents of our subject, came to Ohio in 1825 and cast in their lot among the pioneer settlers of Licking county. They took up their abode in the midst of the heavy timber and began to clear their land. Mr. Long owning one hundred and fifty acres, which he developed into good farming property, and upon the homestead which he improved both he and his wife spent their remaining days, his death occurring in 1867, when he was sixty-five years of age, while his wife passed away at the age of eighty-four. Rollins Long, the father of our subject, was born in Virginia, in 1821, and was brought by his parents to Ohio in 1825. He was the oldest of three children, the others being Joseph. who is now living in Licking county, Ohio, and Phoebe, deceased. The THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 559 educational advantages which Rollins Long received were limited. He attended school which convened in a log building, the methods of instruction being very primitive. He grew to manhood in Licking county and after his marriage he removed to Knox county. Ohio, where he purchased a farm and improved a good property. He died in May, 1899, while his wife passed away December 13. 1881. She bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Conway and was born in 1821. In their family were ten children, seven sons and three daughters : Rensleer, who died in 1864, at the age of twenty-one years ; Caroline, who died in 1863, at the age of eighteen years; John, who was a soldier in an Ohio regiment during the Civil war and is now a farmer residing in Knox county, Ohio ; Joseph, a retired minister of the Methodist Episcopal church who has preached in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and is now resting from his labors in Columbus, Ohio ; Cyrus H., of this review ; Chase, a farmer of Knox county ; Warren W., a Methodist Episcopal minister, located at Grafton, Ohio ; Herbert, who is a graduate of Delaware College and followed teaching for a time but now carries on farming in Licking county, Ohio ; Mary, the widow of Edward Barker, her home being on a farm in Licking county ; and Sarah J., the wife of Lewis Litzenburg, of Knox county, Ohio. The father of this family was reared in the faith of the Democratic party but during the Civil war he followed the fortunes of the Republican party, which he continued to endorse for some time, but later he became independent in his political connections. He was a member of the Methodist Episocal church and was a very well read man, being particularly well informed concerning the history of this country from the time of the Revolutionary war. During the years of his business activity he was an extensive farmer and cleared a large tract of land in Knox county. Cyrus M. Long of this review was the seventh child in his father's family. He is indebted to the district school system of Knox county, Ohio, for the early education which he enjoyed, was afterward a student in the high school of Licking county, and at the age of twenty-one years he put aside his text-books and turned his attention to farming. In the years 1873 and 1876 he was engaged in the drug business in Tuscola, Illinois, and while in the west he was married, the lady of his choice being Miss Jennie Sims, who was born in Macoupin county, Illinois, January 12, 1839. Hier father, Preston F. Sims, was a farmer and afterward removed to Wichita, Kansas, where he died May 11, 1889, at the age of sixty-three years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Ford, died in 1891, at the age of sixty-one years. Both were born in Kentucky and were there married. In 1838 they went to Illinois, settling upon a farm, where they resided continuously until 1880, when they removed to Kansas. In their family were nine children, of whom two died in early childhood. The others are: John, of Grand Rapids, Michigan; William, James and David, who are living in Kansas City, Missouri ; Martha, the wife of John Hazel, of Utica, Illinois : Julia, the wife of Henry Burchman, of Myers Falls, Washington ; and Jennie, the wife of our subject. These children were educated in the public schools of Tuscola, Illinois, and the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Long was celebrated in 1876. Six children graced this union, of whom one son died at age of three years, while a daughter passed away at the age of 560 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. fifteen years. The others are: Fanny M.; William W., who works with his father ; Grace L.; and James E. After his marriage Mr. Long resided for a time in Illinois and then sold his drug business and returned to Ohio, settling on a farm in Licking county. There he carried on agricultural pursuits until 1883, when he removed to Wichita, Kansas, where he embarked in the plastering business as a contractor. He plastered the first building in Guthrie, Oklahoma, and leaving his family in Wichita, he worked in various places in the west and south for several years. In 1890 he returned to Ohio and was again engaged in farming in Licking county, where he had fifty acres of land. In the spring of 1896 he removed to Newark, Ohio, where he conducted a restaurant until 1898, when he established a plastering business in that place. In 1900 he came with his family to Springfield, where he has since engaged in cement work. He was connected with M. C. Russell. for a few months, and was at the Highlands for Ellsworth & Brentlinger. In the spring of 1901 he began taking contracts for himself and has been quite successful in the new enterprise. He executes everything in the line of cement work, including paving, curbing and gutters, and is now prepared to take contracts for the erection of houses, having the processes and machinery for the manufacture of hollow cement building blocks. He is the city contractor for current curbing and gutters. He purchased a lot at the corner of Pearl and Catherine streets, and upon this he has erected a modern home constructed from the manufactured stone. He employs about fifteen men and personally superintends the work. His faithfulness to the terms of a contract, com bined with his efficiency, have made his services in constant demand. Mr. Long, at local elections, supports the men whom he regards best qualified for office; but at national elections he votes the Republican ticket. He is a member of Licking Lodge, No. 291. F. & A. M., of Utica, also belongs to the Springfield Gunning and Fishing Club and is well known in the city. although one of its more recent arrivals. Much of his life has been spent in Ohio and he takes a deep and active interest in everything pertaining to the welfare of his city and his community. PETER GERMAN. The farming and stock-raising interests of Clark county are well represented by Peter German, who is successfully carrying on business along those lines in Green township. His entire life has been passed in this county, he being a native son of Springfield township, where his birth occurred January 4, 1855. His parents were Baltz and Barbara (Hartmann) German, both of whom were natives of Germany, the father being about twenty-two years of age when he crossed the Atlantic to America. while the mother was a young lady of eighteen years when she came with her parents to the new world, the family locating in Green township, Clark county, Ohio. In Springfield the parents of our subject were married. Mr. German was a poor man, but had learned the trade of shoemaking and with this knowledge he determined to start out in life upon his own account, believing that he could earn a good living through industry THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 561 and economy. He earned money enough to send back to Germany and pay his parents' passage to this country. For a number of years he carried on shoemaking and then, with money which he had gained through his own labor, he purchased land where the subject of this review now resides, becoming the owner of one hundred and fifteen acres. On the farm he made excellent improvements, including the erection of substantial buildings. He lived to be seventy-four years of age, passing away in 1900. In his family were twelve children, eleven of whom reached adult age, while nine are yet living and all are residents of Clark county with the exception of John and Philip, who reside in Grinnell, Poweshiek county, Iowa. The father endorsed the Democracy and was a member of the German Lutheran church. Peter German was the fourth in order of birth in his father's family, and was about twelve years of age when they removed to the farm. He acquired a fair common school education and assisted his father until he was twenty-two years of age, when he began earning his own livelihood, working by the day and month as a farm hand. When he had succeeded in saving a few hundred dollars he established a home of his own, completing his arrangements for that home by his marriage to Miss Blumenchein, a daughter .of Peter and Hannah (Kriegbaum ) Blumenchein. The marriage was celebrated in Springfield July 12, 1881, and the young couple began their domestic life upon a farm. He is now operating his mother's farm, comprising one hundred and, fifteen acres, and in its cultivation shows a thorough knowledge of farm methods. The home has been blessed with two children, William and Minnie, who are still with their parents. In 1876 Mr. German cast his first presidential vote for Tilden and has always endorsed the men and measures of the Democratic party when national questions have been involved, but at local elections he votes independently. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Lutheran church. HENRY P. BRADBURY. Henry P. Bradbury was born in Preble county, Ohio, in the city of Camden, March 17, 1825. His father, Hezekiah Bradbury, was born in Pennsylvania April 21, 1790, and was the son of Hezekiah and Abigail Bradbury. The grandfather came to Ohio in 1794 and was a bushwhacker in the Revolutionary war. He changed his name to Broadberry because of some trouble in which he became involved in the army. By trade he was a weaver. He settled near Fort Hamilton, where he reared his family, and where he lived during his remaining years. Hezekiah Bradbury, Jr., the father of our subject studied navigation but by trade was a nailmaker and boilermaker. In 1825 he removed to Camden, Ohio, where he conducted a general store and in his business affairs prospered, becoming well-to-do as the result of his enterprise and capable management of his business affairs. In 1832 he removed with his family to Niles, Michigan, where he began farming and at that place he died February 3, 1865. He served his country as a soldier in the war of 1812. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Lucy Wright, was born near Uniontown, Pennsylvania, September 20, 1790, and was a representative of an old family that came from Ireland. They were married in But- 562 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD ler county, Ohio. Unto Hezekiah and Lucy Bradbury were born nine children, eight sons and a daughter : Simeon, who was a surveyor and teacher, and died at the age of sixty-six years; William, who died at the age of eighty-one years; Sarah A., a resident of Springfield; Clarkson, who died at the age of seventy-eight years; John, who died in 1856, at the age of thirty-three years ; Henry P.; Pliny, a miner living in Utah ; Diadorus, who died in Michigan; and Seneca, of Cumberland county, Tennessee, who was a soldier of the Civil war. The children were all born in Ohio, with the exception of the last named whose birth occurred in Michigan. Henry P. Bradbury had but limited educational privileges, for his father had lost much of his property and therefore could not afford to send his children away to school. When fourteen years of age the subject of this review returned to Camden, Ohic, where he was engaged in clerking for a time. In 1843-4, however, he was a student in a branch of the University of Michigan at Niles. In the latter year he served an apprenticeship in South Bend, Indiana, in the works of the St. Joseph Iron Company, and he afterward spent some time in Coldwater, Michigan, in the same line of trade. In 1846 he became a partner in the establishment of the first machine shop in Niles, Michigan, where he continued for some time engaged in the construction of cars for the Michigan Central Railroad and also in the manufacture of threshing machines. In 1849 he came to Springfield to work for John A. Pitts, founder of the threshing machine manufactory which is now conducted under the name of the O. S. Kelly Manufacturing Company. Since that time he has been a valuable employe in the shops almost continuously. In 1852; however, he left the shops and purchased a store, which for one year was conducted under the firm name of Nagel & Bradbury. He then went to Piqua, Ohio, where he was engaged in fitting up car axles until 1854. In that year he returned to this city and began working for Warder, Brokaw & Childs, as foreman of the Lagonda machine shops. In 1837 he took a contract to build wheat drills for Jacob Winger and the same year took a contract to make bolts and nuts. He also worked for a time for the firm of Thomas & Mast. In 186o, 1861 and a part of the year 1862 he was connected with the Methodist Book Concern, acting as pressman. In 1864 he was drafted for service in the Union army and assigned to the command known as the Shiloh Racers, being a member of Company G. Seventy-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He received his discharge on the 12th of June, 1865. After the close of the war Mr. Bradbury went to work with McClellan Brothers and was promoted to the position of assistant foreman for O. S. Kelly, with whom he remained until 1899. He is now employed in the shops of the O. S. Kelly Company. He is a thorough mechanic, has worked in all branches of machinery and has a comprehensive and accurate understanding of the business in principle and detail. In 1851 Mr. Bradbury was united in marriage to Anna E. Moore, a daughter of William Moore, and unto them were born eleven children, of whom three sons and two daughters are yet living. William H. was a captain in the Spanish-American war and was also a member of the Ohio National Guards. John H. is a machinist of this city. Frank J. is also a machinist. The daughters are Sallie A. and Effie B. In THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 563 1881 the family was called upon to mourn the loss of the wife and mother who died on the 23rd of April of that year. Mr. Bradbury afterward wedded Mary E. Cline, the widow of William Newport and a daughter of Jonathan Cline, of Cedarville. By her first marriage she had two daughters, Mrs. Luella Thomas and Mrs. Gertrude Bunting. Mr. Bradbury had charge of the exhibit of the threshing machines of John A. Pitts at the first state fair of Ohio. In politics he is a Republican; in religious views is a Spiritualist and president of the society in the city. He has a wide acquaintance in Springfield, where he has so long made his home, and is particularly well-known in mechanical circles. CAPTAIN WILLIAM H. BRADBURY. For many years the list of war heroes in America contained the names of only those who were soldiers of the Civil war. The veterans of the early struggles in which our country engaged had passed away and there was an era of peace covering a third of a century from the time of the strife for the preservation of the Union until the United States again felt it its duty t.,.) take up arms. The wars of this land have never been those of aggression. They have always been in defense of a principle and of liberty, and when Spain was violating the terms of the Monroe doctrine and extending its monarchical interests into the new world America arose as a defender of liberty and independence in the western hemisphere. It was at this time that William H. Bradbury, with the rank of captain, entered the Spanish-American war, commanding Com pany B, of the Third Infantry, of the Ohio National Guard. The Captain was born in Springfield November 16, 1862, and in the public schools of this city pursued his education. In 1876 he began working for himself, being at that time only fourteen years of age. He found employment in the finishing department of St. John's Sewing Machine factory, learning the trade and following it for three years. He then went into the shop of Rinehart, Ballard & Company, learning the trade of machinist under his father, who was foreman of that shop for a number of years. There Mr. Bradbury was employed until 1882 when the old firm sold out to O. S. Kelly and the Springfield Engine and Threshing Works Company was organized. Our subject remained with the new concern and is still there employed as a journeyman machinist, being one of the old and trustworthy representatives of the machinist's craft. He has resided continuously in Springfield with the exception of the summers of 1882 and 1883, when he was employed as a farm hand in the neighborhood of Niles, Michigan. In March, 1896, Mr. Bradbury was united in marriage to Miss Ella D. Bratton, who was born in McArthur, Ohio, in 1868, a daughter of Anthony W. Bratton. Her father died in July, 1902, at the age of fifty-seven years and his wife, who bore the maiden name of Lydia M. Ullom, is now living at No. 67 West Columbia street, at the age of fifty-four years. In their family were six children, of whom four are still living : Ella D. is the wife of Captain Bradbury; Lillie M. is the wife of Burt Jones, an engineer of the Foos Manufacturing Company; Maggie B. is the wife of Willard L. Berry, grand chief of the Knights of the 564 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Golden Eagle and a resident of Springfield; Archie M. is living in this city ; Anthony W. was killed on the railroad in 1893; and Edward A. died May 8, 1902. He was first sergeant of Company B, Third Ohio National Guard, and served as a trumpeter to Company B, of the Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, during the Spanish-American war. The father of this family was a printer by trade and followed that pursuit throughout his business career. He was also a soldier, having served in the Civil war for four and one-half years altogether. He was a private of Company A, One Hundred and Forty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, but first enlisted as a teamster at the breaking out of hostilities in 1861. Later he became a second lieutenant of Company K, One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Ohio Infantry. He was born in Guernsey county, Ohio, and always remained a resident of this state, coming in 1888 to Springfield, where he spent his remaining days. He was a member of the Typographical Union and also of the Union Veteran Union. Mrs. Bradbury attended school until she was fourteen years of age and then began learning type-setting under the direction of her father in Springfield. She became employed on the Champion City Times and was a member of Typographical Union No. 117, of this city. Captain Bradbury has a military record of which he has every reason to be proud. He became a member of the National Guards, but joined Company A of the Seventh Regiment on the 6th of June, 1881. He became a corporal on the 9th of January 1884 ; sergeant, February 23, 1885 ; and was discharged on the expiration of his service, June 6, 1886. The following day, however, he re-enlisted and was transferred to Company A of the Thirteenth Infantry, May 11, 1887. He became a corporal December 26, 1887; sergeant, May 25, 1889; first sergeant May l0, 1889; and was discharged June 7, of that year. Once more, on the 26th of June, 1889, he re-enlisted and on the 10th of March, 1890, was made corporal. On the loth of June of the same year he became second lieutenant, acting in that capacity until the 12th of January, 1891, when he resigned. On the 4th of January, 1892, he became a member of Company B. Third Regiment of the Ohio National Guard, was made first lieutenant March 16, 1892, captain October 2, 1895, major of the Third Infantry November 21, 1899, and resigned December 22, of the same year. He was re-commissioned captain of Company B, Third Infantry, January 8, 1900, to rank from the 2d of October, 1895. He was in active service in the Cincinnati riots from the 29th of March to the 3d of April, 1884. Company C of the Fourth Ohio National Guard was the only company of the old Fourth Regiment that reached the jail of Cincinnati, Ohio, performed its duty faithfully and returned home and preserved its organization intact. Our subject was at Carthage, Ohio, from the 6th to the 17th of May, 1886, and at Wheeling Creek from the 8th of June to the 17th of the same month, in 1894. He was also in active duty in the Urbana riot in June, 1897. Captain Bradbury was also on active duty at the time of the Arcade Hotel fire February 19, 1894; in the East street fire February 10-11, 1902 ; and at the time of the cyclone at the south end of the city. He enlisted in the army of the United States, November 29, 1890, was assigned to Company F of the Tenth United States Infantry, March 10, 1891, and discharged December THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 565 15 of the same year under provisions and paragraphs 1 and 3 of the general order No. 81, issued at the adjutant general's office. In the war with Spain he enlisted on the loth of May, 1898, becoming a captain of Company B, Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was mustered out with his regiment October 26, 1898. He was one of the organizers and is the commander of Keifer command No. 52, of the Spanish War Veterans, with which he is yet associated. While encamped at Tampa, Florida, he was joined by his wife, who spent seven weeks with him in the south. After the war he was sent to. Cuba in the interests of the O. S. Kelly Company. The Captain belongs to Ingomar Lodge, No. 610, K. P. and is captain of Springfield company, No. 6. of the Uniformed Rank. He also belongs to Al Yembo Temple, No. 112, D. O. K. K., and to Logan Castle, No. 1, K. G. E. In his political views he is independent, supporting the men and measures regarded by him as best qualified to promote the public welfare. He is well known in military circles in Springfield and throughout Ohio and has the warm regard of many of his comrades who wore the blue uniform. THOMAS R. WINGATE. Thomas R. Wingate is a retired merchant of Catawba. For many years he has been widely and ,favorably known in Clark county, dating his residence here from 1844. He was born on the eastern shore of Maryland. Cecil county, January 24, 1827. and is of English lineage. His great-grandfather was a native of England while the grandfather of our subject, born in this country, served as a soldier of the Revolutionary war, valiantly aiding in the struggle to throw off the yoke of British oppression and establish the American Republic. Peter Wingate, the father of our subject, was born in Maryland and became a soldier of the war of 1812. About 1844 he came tc Ohio, settling in Pleasant township, Clark county, where he lived until 1856, there following farming upon a tract of land which he transformed from its wild state. He married Eliza Ward, who was also of English descent, her people having come to the United States about the time the Wingate family was founded in the new world. She, too, was born in Maryland and she died in Delaware, at the age. of forty-two years, after which her husband always remained a widower. He survived her about twenty years and passed away in Missouri, in 1864, at the ripe old age of seventy-seven years. They were the parents of seven children but the only one now living is Thomas P. Wingate of this review, the second in order of birth. One son, James, was killed in a skirmish during the Civil war, when only twenty years of age. Robert W. was a member of the Home Guard in the state of Missouri during the Rebellion. The other members of the family were George, Susan, Mary and Martha, all of whom died in early life: They were educated in the common schools. The father gave his political support to the Whig party until its dissolution, when he became an advocate of the principles of the new Republican party. In religious faith he was a Universalist while his Wife was identified with the Methodist Episcopal church. Thomas R. Wingate, of this review, spent the first seven years of his life in 566 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Maryland. He then accompanied his parents to Delaware, where he pursued his education in the subscription schools of the state until seventeen years of age. He accompanied his father to Ohio in 1844 and remained at home until after he had attained his majority. He then learned the carpenter's trade, following that pursuit for a number of years. In 1856 he went to Missouri where he carried on farming until 1864, and in that year he turned his attention to general merchandising. In 1865, however, he returned to Clark county and here he embarked in business with his brother George, as a merchant of Catawba, the partnership being maintained until 1876, when his brother died at the age of fifty-six years. Mr. Wingate of this review then continued alone in business until 1892 when he retired and was succeeded in the store by his sons. He had built up a good trade as a general merchant and for many years enjoyed a liberal patronage whereby he annually gained a satisfactory income. In 1853 Mr. Wingate was married to Miss Mary Lefferty, who was born in Pleasant township, Clark county, in 1835, the only child of Isaac Lefferty, who was a well known farmer of that township. She was educated in the common schools there and in the old academy on East High street, in Springfield. For many years she was the faithful companion and helpmate of her husband, but on the 19th of September, 1901, she was called to the home beyond. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Wingate were born five children who are yet living, and one died in infancy. Laura is the wife of Byron Hull, who is in the Farmers' Bank at Mechanicsburg, Ohio, and their children are Lucile and Marian. Ella is the wife of Sewall Tullis, a farmer of Champaign county, and they have three children, Thomas W., Marguerite, and Martha. George married Anna Burgess and is engaged in merchandising in Catawba. Isaac Burton wedded Mary Coffey and is engaged in the creamery business in Catawba. Their three children are Kenneth S., Thomas Byron and Margaret. Maud is still at home. Mr. and Mrs. Wingate provided their children with common-school educations which they acquired in Pleasant township and the two eldest daughters also attended Delaware College, while George was a student in Nelson's Business College, of Springfield. While in Missouri Mr. Wingate joined the Home Guards. He was a strong Union man and exerted his influence and aid in support of the administration at 'Washington. He also served as a school director in that state and was the only man in his neighborhood who would take the oath. He likewise served as judge of elections for one year and it was impossible to get enough voters to fill out the board. He has been a school director of Catawba and treasurer of his township for eleven years, and also school trustee. He has been a delegate to county and district conventions and for four years was postmaster under General Grant's administration. He is a devoted member of the Methodist Episcopal church, in which he has been a trustee for many years, and his daughters are workers in the Sunday-school. His wife was also a Christian woman, earnest and consistent in her religious belief, and ably supplemented his labors in behalf of the church. Socially he is identified with the Masonic fr aternity. He has lived a retired life since 1892 and owns a good farm in Champaign county, and also one in Pleasant township, Clark county. Mr. Wingate has ever been fearless in defense THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 567 of his honest convictions and has taken a decided stand in favor of all that tends to develop the best in mankind. Ever honorable and upright, he has been found as the champion of truth and justice, and his high moral worth is widely acknowledged by his friends. DANIEL S. ROYER Daniel S. Royer, who is now living a retired life at No. 29 East Ward street, in Springfield, where he has made his home since 1891 was born in Center county, Pennsylvania, upon a farm near Rebersburg, December 17, 1836, and is of German lineage. His paternal grandfather, Christopher Royer, was born in Germany, and Daniel Royer, the father of Daniel S. Royer, was his eldest son. The latter was reared in Center county, Pennsylvania, from early boyhood and in 1838 the removed to Clinton county, being an early settler of this place. He always. followed farming and when he started out in life he had no capital. He prospered in his undertakings and 'became the owner of several hunded acres of land in Center and Clinton counties. He died in the latter county in 1876, at the advanced age of eighty-three years. In early manhood he had wedded Rachel Shutt, who was born in Pennsylvania and died in 1846, at the age of forty-seven. Mr. Royer was a Whig in his political affiliations in early life and afterward became a Republican. He held membership in the German. Reformed church and his wife was a member of the Lutheran church. They became the parents of nine children one of whom died in early childhood. Of the six sons and three daughters, all are now deceased with the exception of Daniel S., who was the eighth in order of birth, and George A., who is living near Akron, Ohio. One of the sons, Samuel Royer, died in Pennsylvania in 1901, at the age of eighty years. In the district schools Daniel S. Royer. pursued his studies during the winter months and worked on the farm in the summer until he had attained his majority. There were no threshing machines and he had to ride the horse to tramp out the wheat. He attended the seminary at Williamsport, Pennsylvania, for two years, pursuing an elective course, and then returned to his father's farm, where he remained for three years longer. In 1863 he married Miss Eva Heckman, who was born in Clinton county and was educated in the common schools. He then removed to a farm near the old homestead which had been purchased by his father and in a few years he bought this land and continued its cultivation for twenty-seven years. It is now well improved with modern buildings. His first home was a log cabin, but that primitive dwelling was afterward replaced by a substantial and commodious brick structure. He kept a high grade of stock and successfully cultivated his fields until 1891, when he sold his farm and is now living retired in Springfield. Unto him and his wife were born four children, one of whom died at the age of four years. The others are: Rachel, the wife of Professor Heckert; Newton H., who is a Lutheran preacher and is married and lives in Brookville, Ohio; and Nettie K. The parents and children are all members of the Fourth Lutheran church. In politics Mr. Royer is a Republican and has ever been the advocate of all measures to advance the 568 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD genral welfare. He commands the respect and confidence of his fellow men throughout this locality and has many friends in the city and county.   JACOB PEARL NAVE. Of a well known family that from pioneer days has figured in the history of agricultural development in Clark county, Mr. Nave of this review well deserves representation in this volume. He was born November 23, 1867, on the farm on which his father, John G. Nave is still living. His mother bore the maiden name of Margaret Gram and they are well known people of Green township, widely and favorably known. Under the parental roof the subject of this review spent his boyhood days, being trained to habits of industry, economy and honesty. The common schools afforded him his educational privileges and through the summer months he worked in the fields. After putting aside his text books he gave his attention altogether to farm work until twenty-four years of age, being employed by the month by his father. He then made preparations for having a home of his own by his marriage to Miss Aurelia Garlough, their wedding being celebrated on the 24th of December, 189.1. The lady was born in Green township and is a daughter of Benjamin and Matilda (McKinney) Garlough, who are now residents of Pitchin. Two children were born unto our subject and his wife, but John Benjamin, who was born November 19, 1892, died February 5, 1895, at the age of two years and two months. The other son, Edgar Pearl, born in Green township, January 27, 1894, is yet with his parents. In his political views Mr. Nave is independent. He did not vote at all in 1892 and in 1896 he cast his ballot for William Jennings Bryan. During the years of his manhood he has always carried on farm work which is thoroughly familiar to him in principle and detail. From the time of early spring planting until after his crops are harvested in late autumn he gives close attention to his farm work, plans his labors so as to utilize his land to the best advantage and as the result of his capability as an agriculturist he is steadily adding to his income and is now a substantial resident of Green township. JOSEPH C. O'BRIEN Joseph C. O'Brien is engaged in the undertaking and embalming business in Springfield. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, February 25, 1855, and is a son of Patrick O'Brien, whose birth occurred in Ireland.. The father was educated in the common schools of his native land and received a business training in his native country as well. He served an apprenticeship to the carpenter's trade and about 1849 sailed for America, believing that he might have better business opportunities in the new world. For a time he resided in Quebec, Canada, and in 185o he came to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in contracting and building for four years. On the expiration of that period he removed his family to Urbana, Ohio, and was a resident of that city until 1869, when he believed that he might better his condition by becoming a resident of Springfield. Accordingly he brought his family to this place THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 571 and for many years successfully followed his chosen occupation, being actively and prominently identified with building interests here. He is now living retired in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. Before he left the Green Isle of Erin he was united in marriage to Miss Ann Esmond, and unto them were born four children, of whom one died in infancy. The others are Joseph C., Mary and John. Mary is the wife of Daniel Kenney, of Springfield. John, also a resident of this city, has been a member of the board of equalization since 1893, and is an active worker in the ranks of the Democratic party. He married and had three children, Elizabeth, Patrick and Paul, but the wife died in 1897. Patrick O'Brien, the father of our subject, has always been an active and enterprising man and is one of the old, respected contractors of the city. He provided his children with good educational advantages in the public and parochial schools of Urbana and Springfield and gave them instruction at night in different branches of learning in order that he might prepare them for life's practical duties. Joseph C. O'Brien was thus educated until sixteen years of age, when he began work with his father at the carpenter's trade, the business association between them being maintained for a few years. Our subject then secured work in a planing mill and possessing much natural mechanical skill, he made rapid advancement. He followed that pursuit for a time and later began work in a foundry, being then twenty-one years of age. He was in the James Leffel Wheel Works under the superintendency of Timothy Hennessey, learning the trade and remaining in that place for seven years, but in 1882 he abandoned that work in order to secure other opportunities in the business world. He purchased an interest in the undertaking business of Callahan & Graham, buying out the junior partner, the firm being known as Callahan & O’Brien. Mr. O'Brien then had no knowledge of the business, but with ready adaptability he mastered all the details. At the time the new firm was organized they purchased the interest of Mr. Breslin in the livery business of Brennan & Breslin. They continued to do a successful business, gaining a wide reputation for honesty and industry. In 1890 Mr. O'Brien purchased the interest of his partner in the undertaking business and has since been alone in this enterprise. He follows modern methods, keeping abreast with the times and personally superintends his business in its various branches. From 1890 until 1898 he experienced some trying years in business. He worked against strong opposition and competition, and as this covered a period of financial depression in the history of the country, it was all the more difficult for him, but his honesty and industry, combined with resolute purpose, enabled him to overcome all obstacles. Mr. O'Brien keeps well read on current events, politically and otherwise, and is a man of high standing. He is a worker in St. Raphael's church, and to charitable institutions of the city he has been a liberal supporter, although he is very quiet and unostentatious in his giving. He was an active worker and a member of the Father Matthews T. A. B. Society from its organization until it ';disbanded, while in the foundry he was an active member of the Iron Molders Union, and is a member and also treasurer of the Knights of Columbus. In politics he is a Democrat and for two 572 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD and one-half years took part in public affairs as a member of the police and fire board. Modest in demeanor and of a quiet temperament, he nevertheless has gained the warm regard of a very large circle of friends. JONATHAN MATTHIAS EVANS. Jonathan Matthias Evans, who by attainments, results accomplished and eminence in his chosen line of labor, in every way fills the ideal called to mind by the expression "captain of industry," in all that the term implies, being well worthy of the title. His leadership rests upon a knowledge and understanding of industry itself, for his has been a busy and useful career, in which he has accomplished much not only for his individual profit but also in promoting industrial and commercial activity, in furnishing employment to others and in pushing forward the wheels of progress. Since 1867 his home has been in Springfield and though he has now retired from business cares he has left the impress of his individuality for all time on the material advancement of the city. A native of Pennsylvania Mr. Evans was born in Cumberland county March 30, 1818. His father, Owen Evans, was a native of Philadelphia, and spent almost his entire life there. By trade he was a carpenter, following that pursuit through many years. The Evans family is of Welsh lineage. The grandfather of our subject was born in Wales, whence he crossed the Atlantic to America at an early day. Owen Evans was twice married and by his first union had one son, Rowland D., now deceased. For his second wife he chose Leah Souder, who was born in Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and represented one of the old families of that state. Her father lived to the very advanced age of one hundred and twelve years, and she reached the ripe old age of eighty-five years. By her marriage -she became the mother of four sons and four daughters : David S. and Lewis Cass, both now deceased ; Mary, the deceased wife of Henry Paul ; Jonathan M.; Anna, the deceased wife of Smith Druley ; Owen who was a resident of Columbus, Ohio, but has now passed away ; Leah, the deceased wife of Thomas Edmonson, of Springfield ; and Caroline, who is the widow of John R. Smith and resides on Fruit Hill, in Cincinnati. The father of this family became w ell-to-do and in connection with carpentering owned and operated a small farm. The children were all educated in the subscription schools of Pennsylvania. Jonathan Matthias Evans of this review was only thirteen years of age at the time of his father's death. The following year he began to earn his own livelihood and from a humble position he worked his way upward until he occupied a commanding place in the trade circles of Springfield. For a time he studied medicine with his brothers but never practiced the profession. Beginning work in a woolen factory, his duty was to care for the carding machines. He afterward learned the carpenter's trade and for some years worked as a journeyman. He next went into a foundry and learned the molder's trade. The year 1840 witnessed his arrival in Ohio and in that year he cast his first presidential ballot, supporting William Henry Harrison, at which time the cry of the Whigs was "Tippecanoe and Tyler, too." From Dayton Mr. Evans removed to Piqua, Ohio, where he worked as a mol- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 573 der for a time and later entered into partnership, carrying on business there for several years under the firm name of Alexander, Rouzer & Evans, manufacturers of heavy mill machinery, their specialty being the machinery for saw and flouring mills. The firm later took a contract for building cars for the Columbus, Piqua & Indiana Railroad which has since been merged into another road, and constructed some of the first cars used on that line. They carried on a general jobbing factory of heavy machinery and much of the machinery was made after original inventions. This .company invented and placed upon the market a turbine wheel known as the Evans water wheel. They were among the first builders of heavy machinery in Ohio and in the enterprise, in which they were pioneers, met with good success. The railroad, however, from which they had taken the contract to build cars, went into the hands of a receiver and the company never received payment for the work it had done. Changes in partnership occurred and in due course of time Mr. Evans became associated with his sons under the firm style of A. C. Evans & Company, which stands to-day as one of the strong industrial institutions of this city. The sub- ject of this review is still a director in the business and many of the ideas developed in the foundry have originated in his brain and have been carried to successful completion. by the sons. The factory in this city was first built on Main street and subsequently the business was removed to the present site and the buildings constituting the plant were erected. The first site was a farm at the time of the Evans purchase and later it was divided and sold in building lots. A. C. Evans, a son of our subject, was also an inventor of note and was one of the first to invent and manufacture machinery for planting corn. This machine, which he perfected has come into general use throughout the United States, and also in many foreign lands. Many other kinds of machinery are now manufactured in the plant, a specialty being made of harrows. From . the establishment of the enterprise until his practical retirement from active business life, Jonathan M. .Evans was a leading factor in the successful control of a business which under the guidance of himself and partners grew to extensive proportions. In Piqua, Ohio, Mr. Evans was united in marriage to Ann Muter, who was born in England but had resided for some time in Piqua. Five children blessed this union, four sons and a daughter, but the latter, Leah, died in childhood. George is a stockholder of the A. C. Evans Company and re-. sides on West High street. Alva was married and at his death left a son, George, who was a soldier in the Spanish-American war, joining the United States army in Cuba, and now resides in Indiana. Austin C., who was the inventor of the corn planter above mentioned and one of the founders of the A. C. Evans Manufacturing Company, served as its president until his death. His widow is now the wife of Dr. J. T. Myers and their daughter, Pearl, is the wife of Frank Harwood. Lewis C. is employed by the P. P. Mast Company and is president of the Evans Manufacturing Company. He is married and has two children : Elizabeth and Lewis C. The sons were all educated in the public schools of Piqua, and the wife and mother died in that city. As they grew to manhood the sons became active assistants of the father, the family working together in harmony in the ownership and 574 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD control of an important business enterprise. In 1883 Mr. Evans was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Catherine Downs, a widow whose husband died in California, leaving three daughters. She was born in New York and was educated in the public schools of Springfield, Ohio. Her father, John Sheaff, removed from the Empire state to Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and in 1837 came to Clark county. In his !family were eleven children, of whom six are yet living, but Mrs.. Mary Hicks, of South Plum street, and Mrs. Evans are the only residents of Ohio. Jonathan M. Evans holds membership in the Universalist church, and in politics is a Republican who took an active part in the local work of the organization of the party while residing in Piqua. Reading has been one of his chief resources of recreation and pleasure and he has kept well informed on all issues of the day, both politically and otherwise, and is familiar with good literature of all ages. His face indicates strong character, concentration of purpose and a capacity for strong feeling. He has ever been !fearless in defense of what he believes to be right and has always been found as a supporter of the true, the just and the beautiful. He is to-day a well preserved man for one of his years. Nature is kindly to those who abuse not her laws and Mr. Evans has ever been observant of her principles. He has long occupied a commanding position in public regard by reason of his success and by his close adherence to correct business principles. He has seized the opportunities that have offered and has used his brains and his ability to further his business interests and at the same time has had due regard for the rights of others. JOHN G. DALIE Springfield largely owes her prominence to her industrial interests and those who have been prominent in promoting development along these lines may well be termed the founders and builders of the city. John G. Dalie was for many years a most important factor in this line of activity and to-day he is enjoying a well merited rest. He was born in Sidbury, Devonshire, England, October 1, 1846. His father brought the family to American in 1852, locating in Lockport, New York, whence after two years he removed to Clark county, Ohio, making the journey by way of the canal, lakes and railroad. Here he located in 1854 and from that time forward Mr. Dalie of this review has been almost continuously a resident of Springfield. He was educated in the Episcopal school and later in a public school on east High street. Subsequently he was a student in a school conducted by William Reed under the auspices of the United Presbyterian church, on the present site of the Fox wholesale grocery house. There he was severely punished by the teacher because he was an English lad. He attended the summer schools conducted by Richard Morris, who instructed his pupils in the new eastern building just being erected. He was afterward a pupil of Miss Criley and when only thirteen years of age he permanently left the schoolroom in order to provide for his own support, beginning work on the farm. of Samuel Woods, but he did not find the occupation congenial and went instead to Dayton Ohio, spending his last cent for car fare. In that city he found employment with the firm of Bummager, White & THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 575 Company, manufacturers of reapers. He entered upon an apprenticeship but was soon afterward taken ill. On his recovery, however, he returned to that house and completed his trade. His next employment was in the shops of the Big Four Railroad Company and subsequently he was put upon the road as a fireman, thus working for some time. He enlisted in the Seventeenth Ohio Battery of Light Artillery under Captain Rice and went to Camp Tod, where he was assigned for duty at New Orleans, at .which place he joined his company, remaining with that command until the close of the war. In September, 1865, Mr. Dalie returned to the north and was mustered out at Camp Chase, after which he once more became a resident of Springfield, working at the carpenter's trade under Nimrod Myers. In 1866 he again went to Dayton, where he was employed as a machinist, and after three months he accepted an offer from the James Leffel Company of Springfield and became a machinist in their machine shop. A branch house had been established at New Haven, Connecticut owned by the Bigelow Manufacturing Company, and Mr. Dalie was selected to go to that place as -foreman and superintendent of the construction of the machinery. This was a position of responsibility and although he was only twenty years of age at the time, he was regarded as well qualified for the important duties. Again he returned to Springfield where he was employed at his trade until 1869, when he was made foreman under Fuller Trump, occupying that position until 1874, when he entered the service of Mast, Foos &. Company in their new shop. In connection therewith he continued until 1879, during which time he built all of their model work - 30 - and centennial exhibits. This certainly indicated his superior skill, as he was placed upon work which was to compete with the best of the kind produced in the world. In the fall of 1879 Mr. Dalie returned to the James Leffel Company as a machinist and in three weeks was placed in charge of the factory as assistant superintendent under Fuller Trump. In 1890 he was promoted to superintendent and remained with that house until September, 1901, when there occurred a change in the general management and he retired from the company. From a very humble beginning he had worked his way upward and by close application, a thorough mastery of mechanical principles and construction and by superior skill he had gained a position reached by !few in his line of work. On the 29th of October, 1868, Mr. Dalie was married in Springfield by Rev. Caldwell, a minister of the First Baptist church, to Jennie Steele, who was born in this city July 7, 1851, and is a daughter of John and Anna (Martin) Steele. Her paternal grandfather, John Steele, was a manufacturer of pottery, carrying on business where the Diehl hardware store is now located. The parents of Mrs. Dalie were both born in Pennsylvania. After their marriage, which occurred in the city of Dayton, Ohio, they removed to Springfield. They were the parents of five children of whom two are now deceased : Hiram H., who died at the age of nineteen years and six months; and Wesley, who died at the age of eleven years. Those still surviving are : Lucinda, the wife of Willard Smith, by whom she has three children—Charles ; Maude, the wife of W. E. Copenhaver and Clara, the deceased wife of Charles Schindler; Hattie E., the wife of Jerome W. Cook, by whom she had 576 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD two children—Frank S. now deceased, and Eddie; and Mrs. Dalie, the wife of our subject. The father was a pump manufacturer, carrying on business for many years. At his death he was laid to rest in the Columbia street cemetery, where were buried his father and his son, Wesley. Mrs. Steele was buried in Ferncliff cemetery and Hiram in Greenmount. The children were educated in the private school conducted by Miss Harbaugh, and in the Western school. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dalie have been born three children : Lamar J., born in 1871, married Ethel. Bloom, who was a daughter of Senator Bloom and is now deceased. He afterward married Catherine Souders and they have one son. Lamar. Percy J., born in 1876, married Marguerite A. Lutz and is a traveling salesman living in Jersey City, although he does business in New York City. Anna Leah, born in 1878, is the wife of Robert J. Wilson and has one son, John Lohner. The sons were educated in Wittenberg College and Mrs. Wilson in the high school of Springfield. When but eighteen years of age Mr. Dalie cast his first presidential vote, being entitled to this right because of his service in the Union army. He supported Abraham Lincoln and has always adhered to the Republican party when state and national issues are involved. He has been a delegate to the city, county and congressional conventions and held the office of police and fire commissioner under W. R. Burnett when the law was first put in operation. He was also a member of the Union Fire Company as a torch bearer, where the station house is on Spring street. This company was called "Wooden Shoes," as they were all German. For fourteen years Mr. Dalie was connected with the fire department. He belongs to Clark Lodge, No. 101, F. & A. M., and is a member of Stevens Command U. V. U. He belongs to the Church of England to which he has always been a liberal contributor, and he is generous in his benefactions to public institutions and to many objects worthy of support. Mr. Dalie has won many friends, for he has much of quality which for want of a better term is called "personal magnetism." He is generous and genial and, moreover, his word is trustworthy, his actions sincere. JOHN NICHELSON. John Nichelson, now deceased, was a man whom to know was to respect and honor and he well deserves mention among the representative men of Clark county. He was born in Harmony township, June 11, 1837, his parents being Andrew and Rachel (Hammond) Nichelson. Upon the home farm he was reared, spending his boyhood days in the usual manner of farm lads. He acquired a good common-school education and through the summer months worked in the fields and meadows. He and his brother, Andrew became partners in dealing in stock and in carrying on farm work. They received some assistance from their father and were successful in life, adding to their property until they owned nearly three thousand acres. As the years passed and their financial resources increased they made judicious investments in land and thus became very extensive property holders. On the 13th of November, 1894, Mr. Nichelson was united in marriage to Miss Ella Hannah, of De Graff, Logan county, where she was born and reared. Her par- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 577 ents were David and Christenia (Matthews) Hannah. Her father was born in Clark county, not far from Springfield, on the 14th of April, 1819, and died June 8, 1893. The mother was born March 14, 183o, in Logan county near where she now lives, and although now well advanced in years she is still very hale and. hearty for one of her age. In the family of this worthy couple were eleven children, seven of whom reached years of maturity, Mrs. Nichelson being the eldest. Mrs. Nichelson was born March 21, 1858, spent her girlhood days on her father's farm and attained her education in the common schools. She had became acquainted with Mr. Nichelson several years prior to their marriage while visiting in this neighborhood. They made their home on the farm and in 1898 Mr. Nichelson erected a fine residence into which they removed in December of that year. When one year and six days had passed he was killed on the railroad near his home December 28, 1899, bringing gloom and desolation to the home. There had been two children born of this marriage, of whom one, Ellie, still lives, whose birth occurred September 9, 1899. Mr. Nichelson was a Republican in politics but never sought or desired office, the honors and emoluments of the same having no attractions for him. He enjoyed the respect and esteem of all with whom he came in contact, for he lived an upright, honorable life and was kindly and sincere. 'True to all the duties and obligations that devolved upon him, the poor and needy found in him a warm friend and he was also liberal in his donations to the church, while to his family he was very devoted, putting forth every effort in his power to promote the welfare and happiness of his wife and child. When death came to him he was laid to rest in Plattsburg cemetery where a beautiful granite monument now marks his place of interment His estate was administered by his nephew, Charles Nichelson, and by Albert Hannah, a brother of Mrs . Nichelson. Mrs. Nichelson is now the manager of the estate and is an excellent business woman as well as a most estimable lady. Like her husband she has many friends in the community and is widely known. Mr. Nichelson spent his entire life in the county and was always held in the highest regard by reason of his fidelity to duty and his strict adherence to manly principles. BENJAMIN F. TAVENNER. Benjamin F. Tavenner is a progressive and enterprising farmer of Pleasant township and the owner of considerable property in Catawba. He was born in Loudoun county, Virginia, February 21, 1830, and represents one of the old families of that state, his ancestors having lived there through many generations. Eli Tavenner, his father, was a farmer and a mechanic, who, with his wife and eleven children, came to Ohio. He died in Pleasant township when about fifty-five years of age and his wife passed away in the same locailty when about seventy years of age. Of their children only two daughters and a son are now living, namely : Mrs. Rebecca Clarke, of Vienna ; Mrs. Anna Ruse, of Loudoun county, Virginia ; and Benjamin F., who was the youngest of the eleven children. The subject of this review obtained his education in the common schools of Pleasant township and also in the subscription schools of Virginia. He was reared to 578 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. manhood upon a farm in this locality and assisted in the arduous task of clearing and developing new lands, working upon the home farm until 1864, when he purchased property and erected his home in Catawba. There he opened a blacksmith shop which he conducted for twelve years also doing general repair work on wagons. He inherited considerable mechanical genius from his father and was thus an expert workman in this direction. After 1876, having sold his smithy, be followed wood-working and to some extent is still engaged in that line of occupation. He built his shop in the village conducting a prosperous business there, and is now engaged in stock-buying and feeding. He is of a sturdy, industrious race and his active, energetic life has brought to him creditable success and he has been a continuous resident of the village since 1864. He has carried on this business for ten years in connection with his son, Will E., under the firm name of B. F. Tavenner & Son. In 1852, in Springfield township, Mr. Tavenner was united in marriage to Emma Cook, who was born in Springfield, and is a daughter of John Cook, who was a shoemaker by trade and who served for three years as sergeant-at-arms at the state legislature at Columbus. While residing in Indiana he filled the position of state librarian in Indianapolis. Later he returned to Springfield and purchased land, on which he carried on general farming for several years. In 1849 he went to California, where he spent his remaining days dying on the 18th of May, 1877, his birth having occurred on the Isle of Wight in 1796. His wife, who bore the name of Jane Wheeler, was also born there and died in 1849. He had come to America in 1819, locating first in Cincinnati, Ohio, whence he removed to Bellefontaine, this state, remaining there for a year. He then came to Springfield and was well known in this city as Major Cook. In politics he was an old line Whig and was particularly prominent as an active temperance man. His career was a useful and. honorable one and his life's span covered more than eighty years. In his family were seven children of whom three are living—Mrs. Ann Bailey of Chicago, Illinois; John W., who is living in the same city ; and Mrs. Tavenner. Mrs. Tavenner received her education under private instruction. Her mother had been a teacher prior to her removal from England and greatly assisted the daughter in gaining a knowledge of the branches of learning usually taught as a preparation for life's work. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Tavenner have been born nine children, of whom one daughter died in infancy. Charles F., who was born in December, 18.52, is now living in Springfield township ; Effie M. is the wife of Jacob Grove, of Lagonda ; Anna J. is the wife of Alfred Jones of Pleasant township ; Harry R. is living in Clifton, Ohio; Albert S. is a resident of Catawba ; Will E. and Amelia E. are with their parents ; and Arthur M. is also living in Catawba. The children were educated in the public schools of Pleasant township and all remained at home until married. The sons are now filling various occupations. In his political affiliations Mr. Tavenner is a Republican and has taken an active part in political work for several years. He served as township trustee and for three years was school director, has also been a member of the village board and has taken a deep interest in everything pertaining to the general good. He and his wife belong to the Protestant Methodist church and he has served as a member of the church. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 579 board. Since coming to Ohio he has made one trip back to his native state, visiting the scenes of his boyhood and the friends whom he knew in his youth. He was a member of Ephraim Lodge, I. O. O. F., of Springfield, and became a charter member of Catawba Lodge, of that organization. In an analyzation of his business career the salient elements are found to be strong and persistent purpose, guided by sound judgment and supplemented by untiring diligence. He has depended upon no outside aid or influence, but has been the architect of his own fortune and has builded wisely and well. WILL E. TAVENNER. Will E. Tavenner is well known as one of the representative business men of Catawba, Clark county, where in connection with his father he is engaged in stock-buying, feeding and shipping, as a member of the firm of B. F. Tavenner & Son. They have carried on this business for the past ten years and have raised considerable stock, mostly shorthorns and Jerseys. Their business is constantly increasing and has assumed profitable and extensive proportions. The junior member of the firm is a member of the Knights of the Golden Eagle and has passed all the chairs in the local lodge to which he belongs. He exercises his right of franchise in support' of the men and measures of the Republican party takes an active interest in its growth and upbuilding and has been a delegate to county conventions. He is well known for his enterprise, energy and laudable embition in business affairs, and is accorded a creditable position in business ranks of Catawba. JOHN PIERSON. John Pierson, who was connected with farming interests for many years, and whose life record indicated the possibilities which he before young men in America, was a native of Yorkshire, England, his birth occurring in that country between York and Leeds, on the 21st of July, 1823. Upon a farm he was reared. His parents were John and Mary Pierson, who spent their entire lives in England where the father followed the occupation of farming. Thus the son early became familiar with the work of tilling the fields and caring for the crops, and in the schools of his home neighborhood he acquired his education. Like most young men starting out on life's journey, Mr. Pierson desired a companion to walk with him and at the age of twenty-two years he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Burnley, who was born March 26, 1826, two miles from. her husband's birthplace. She was a daughter of John and Hannah (Burt) Burnley, of Lincolnshire, England, who with their family of several children sailed from England for Australia when Mrs. Pierson was but five years of age. Her mother, an aunt and a sister of Mrs. Pierson all died on shipboard and after a few years the, father returned to England. He died at Weathersby, in that country, several years after Mrs. Pierson came to America. A year after their marriage our subject and his wife decided to come to America and thus about 1846 they sailed for the new world, hoping to enjoy better business opportunities in the new world. Making their way across the country to Clark county, Ohio. they settled upon a tract cf land in the southeastern part of Springfield township, 580 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD where they lived for four years, and on the expiration of that period they removed to Iroquois county, Illinois, but after four years they returned to Ohio and Mr. Pierson purchased eighty acres of land in Springfield township. There he lived for twenty years, developing his farm into a very productive tract, Which returned to him a good profit. When two decades had passed he removed to a home on High street, just east of the corporation limit of the city of Springfield, making it his place of residence until his death. He was unusually ambitious and energetic, was industrious and frugal and by the exercise of economy and unflagging industry, together with the assistance of his estimable wife, he accumulated a good competency, although he started out in life with very little capital. A public-spirited man, he was interested in everything pertaining to the general. good and aided in making many of the early improvements of the county, including ,the building of the Charleston pike and the London railroad. At the time of Mrs. Pier-son's death she owned over thirteen hundred acres of farm property in this county. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Pierson were born nine children. William B., the eldest, died at the age of sixteen years. John died in early childhood. George Edward reached maturity, was married and at his death, which occurred in 1889, when he was thirty-seven years of age, he left four children. Eliza became the wife of Francis Sultzbaugh and resides on South Fountain avenue in Springfield. She has three chil¬dren : Mary Ellen, the wife of Murray Ramsey, by whom she has a son, Robert Pierson ; James Francis ; and John. All three reside with their mother. James, the next member of the Pierson family, resides upon the farm upon which the father spent his last days. He married Miss Mussleman, and they have one child, Daisy, at home. Mary is the wife of Joseph Hinkle, and they have one son, Clarence. Martha Ann is the wife of William H. Snyder, and they have two children, Vera and Dorothy E. William J. died at the age of six years, and another member of the Pierson family died in infancy. The father passed away March 6, 1889, and the mother died August 1, 1892, the remains of both being interred in Ferncliff cemetery. Mrs. Pierson was a member of the Methodist Episcopal church and both were people of the highest respectability. With courageous hearts and strong determination they came to America, and though they had little means they made the most of their opportunities and as the years passed prosperity attended them. They were worthy and esteemed citizens of their community and England thus furnished to America two representatives of value to the new world. WILLIAM J. GRAM. William J. Gram, who is connected with the farming interests of Clark county, is a son of Jacob and Isabella M. (Dory) Gram. and was born in 1855. His father was a native of Lancaster county, Pennsylvania, and became one of the pioneer settlers of Clark county, whither he came with his father, Cornelius Gram, about 1837. The grandfather purchased a farm about a mile and one-half north of the present home of our subject. securing there a section of land which he entered from the government and with the work of pioneer development and improve- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 581 ment he was actively associated. Jacob Gram also bore his part in the task of transforming the wild tract into productive fields. After arriving at years of maturity he carried on farming on his own account and in 1858 he purchased the farm which is now the home of his son, William J. Gram. Our subject was only three years of age when his parents removed to this place and here he was reared to manhood. He obtained his education in the district schools near by and through the months of summer he worked in the field, gaining practical knowledge of the best methods of carrying on a farm. He now has fifty acres of rich and arable land and in addition to the raising of cereals best adapted to the soil and climate he is also engaged in dairy farming, keeping a number of good mulch cows for this purpose. Neatness and thrift are the salient features of his place and his work is carried on with energy and determination. Mr. Gram was united in marriage to Mattie P. Otstot. a daughter of A. H. and Sarah ( Parsons) Otstot, residents of Springfield, who removed from that city to California. Since that time the father has died, but the mother is still living in the Golden state. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Gram has been blessed with seven children : Robert R., who is residing on the home farm and runs the dairy wagon : Dola, George W., Louis J., Burt, Isabella and Marion, all at home, and the family circle is yet unbroken by the hand of death. The family attend the services of the Lutheran church, of which Mr. Gram is a member, and in his political affiliations he is a Democrat and keeps well informed on the issues and questins of the day, as every true American citizen should do. He has never sought or desired public office, preferring that his time and energies should he devoted to his business affairs.   CHARLES ALFRED WOOD For fifty-one years Charles Alfred Wood has been a resident of Springfield. This covers his entire life's span, his birth having occurred here on the l0th of December, 1851, at the family home at the corner of East Main and Foster streets. His boyhood days were passed in a manner not unlike that of most lads of the period and he entered upon his business career without special advantages and with no pecuniary assistance. He was industrious, however—and industry is always the foundation to success. Genius and talent may provide ability, but it is close application and hard work which must make genius a marketable commodity. For many years Mr. Wood was known as one of the most prominent merchants of the city and yet it was not because he possessed qualities unusual to man ; it was because he exercised these qualities in the pursuit of a persistent purpose and well did he merit the prosperity which crowned his efforts. The Wood family, of which he is a member is of Scotch-Irish descent. His paternal grandfather was John G. Wood, who was born in Virginia and there learned the trade of a cabinetmaker and furniture manufacturer. In the year 1843 he left the old home, coming to Springfield, where he established a cabinet and furniture shop and later he embarked in the undertaking business. He was one of the best known furniture manufacturers of Clark county and to-day in the homes of many of the prominent fam- 582 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ilies of the city are seen evidences of his handiwork in fine articles of household furniture. He erected a large building at the corner of Foster and Main streets, having there an extensive shop and residence combined. He continued in the undertaking business until his removal to Illinois, where he resided for a time, removing thence to Indianapolis, Indiana, where his last days were passed. He owned and operated a sawmill and planing mill in connection with his cabinet shop, in which he carried on an extensive and profitable trade. Through good management, excellent workmanship and honorable dealing he became well-to-do. His first wife died in Virginia and he afterward married again. There were two sons by the first union : William, who resided in Galesburg, Illinois, and at his death left a wife and two daughters and Robert I., the father of our subject. The children of the second marriage were Sarah, Edward and James, and were born in Springfield and went to Illinois with -their father in 1868. John G. Wood was a man of a deep religious nature and became one of the founders of the High Street Methodist Episcopal church, of this city, holding various offices in the church during his residence in Springfield. He was also a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Robert I. Wood, the father of our subject, was born in Virginia in 1830, began his education in the subscription schools of that state and in 1843 came to Springfield with his parents. He afterward engaged in railroad work on the Little Miami road between Springfield and Xenia, continuing in that service for twenty-five years. On resigning his position he served as deputy sheriff for several years and in 1879 he retired to private life, dying at the old family residence at 120 East Main street, in 1881, his remains being then interred in Ferncliff cemetery. He was well-known in railroad circles and his genial manner and obliging disposition won him many friends. He was familiarly and lovingly called by the name of "Bob." He married Nancy Ann Marshall, who was born in Christianburg. Champaign county. Ohio, in 1832, and died in 1895. Her father, Dr. Lorenzo Marshall, was one of the leading physicians of the county. LTnto Robert Wood and his wife were born three children, of whom one son died in infancy, the others being Charles A., of this review, and William, who resides on Main street, where he was born. although the old residence has been replaced by a more modern one. Charles Alfred Wood obtained a public school education, but as he was in delicate health during his boyhood he was taken from school and sent to his mother's people in the country that he might enjoy the benefits of out-door life. In 1864 he returned to the city and began clerking in a bakery and ice cream establishment for Mr. Pretzman, with whom he remained for three years. He then entered the grocery store of John Stewart and when the business changed hands, continued with Mr. Stew-art's successor, J. N. Mills. Subsequently he was in the employ of the firm of Barr & Harnish, who first introduced the cash basis for mercantile business. He served as a head salesman and on the dissolution of the firm remained with Mr.. Harnish, for whom he managed the business for several years. In 1867 he began business on his own acount as a member of the firm of P. J. Cole & Company, and in 1870 became sole proprietor, conducting his store with signal success until 1898. As the trade grew he carried a very large stock and to some extent sold to the wholesale trade. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 583 He purchased the first stock of Royal baking powder ever brought into the city. His business gradually increased until his ;annual sales amounted to one hundred thousand dollars, and he was recognized as a leading grocer of Springfield, employing ten people in the store and using four wagons in the delivery of his goods. His business grew as the result of his correct business principles, his close adherence to commercial ethics and his recognized desire to please his patrons-. He would tolerate no action on the part of his employes that was not fair and just and would not bear the closest scrutiny and investigation. The name which he won in trade circles was therefore above question and his probity stands as an undisputed fact in his career. In 1872 Mr. Wood was happily married to Sallie Belle Foreman. She comes of good old Revolutionary stock, her great-grandfather, Colonel Peter Foreman, having served in the Revolutionary war. In 1773 he married Mary Jane Greene, a daughter of General Nathaniel Greene, and Mrs. Wood now has in her possession as a cherished heirloom a piece of china which was presented to him by his army comrades on the occasion of his wedding. David Randall Foreman, the father of Mrs. Wood, was born in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and removed from that state to Xenia, Ohio, where he carried on business as an architect. He was married in Kentucky to Sallie Stallings, who was born in Bardstown, that state. They took up their abode in Xenia and were the parents of five children : William B., who was born in Kentucky and is now living in Springfield ; James B., who is employed by the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company of this city, having complete charge of their repair department : Mrs. Wood ; Charles W., who is employed in the same shops; and Moses S., a grocer. The father came to this city and took charge of the Voorhees & Arthur mill, with which he was connected for some time. Later he turned his attention to the undertaking business as a member of the well known firm of Foreman & Coles. His wife died in 1868 at the age of forty years and he later lived with his daughter, Mrs. Wood, until his death, which occurred when he had reached the age of seventy-five years. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Knights of Honor and. the Improved Order of Red Men. He was also one of the organizers of St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church in which he placed his membership, being therein known as an active and earnest worker. The evidences of his handiwork as a cabinet maker are shown in the home of our subject. The Foreman family possesses natural musical talent and Mrs. Wood received private instructions in Cincinnati, in organ, piano and theory. For thirty years she has taught music, some of her pupils being among the finest musicians of this city. For eleven years she was the organist of the Center Street Methodist church, and when the St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church was organized she became its organist, acting in that capacity for eighteen years. She has a thorough understanding of the technique of music and her love of the art adds expression to her playing, so that she is widely recognized as one of the leading musicians of Springfield, her ability being far above the average. Both Mr. and Mrs. Wood belong to the St. Paul's Methodist Episcopal church, which they aided in organizing when that church was founded by former members of the Central Methodist church, in which Mr. 584 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD Wood had served as a member of the official board and as one of the stewards. He belongs to Anthony Lodge, No. 455, F. & A. M.; Springfield Chapter, No. 48, R. A. M.; Springfield Council, No. 17, R. & S. M.; and Palestine Commanders No. 33; K. T. Such in brief is the life history of one of the prominent and influential residents of Springfield. From humble clerkships have come some of the leading merchants of the land and those who have controlled the traffic of the country. It is this possibility for advancement that makes America the mecca for the ambitions. Mr. Wood is one whose life history stands in exemplification of what can be accomplished here through determination and steady application and to-day he stands among those who are accounted as Springfield's prosperous residents. ELMORE WILLARD ROSS The name of Ross figures prominently on the pages of the history of Springfield in connection with its manufacturing interests, Elmore \V. Ross having been connected with an enterprise which is to-day one of the leading industrial concerns of the city. He was born in Auburn, New York, and for some time attended the Military Academy at Sing Sing, that state. He also pursued his studies under the direction of a private tutor and later entered Yale College, but at the end of a year was obliged to leave school, as his eye sight failed and he was totally blind for a time. The following year was spent at his old home in Auburn, during which time he regained his sight and then embarked in the wholesale coal business at that place. Subsequently Mr. Ross removed to Fulton, New York, where he took charge of u hat was then known as the Wasson Manufacturing Company, which had come into his father's hands through a business transaction, and on the death of his father our subject assumed control of the business, the firm name being changed to E. W. Ross & Company. They were extensively engaged in the manufacture of machinery and continued in business at Fulton for a number of years or until the demands of the business made them seek a more central point with increased facilities and they came to Springfield, Ohio, in 185. Two years later a plant was erected on the present site at the junction of Warder street and the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad. The various buildings are substantial brick structures, equipped with the latest and most improved machinery and cover an area of fifteen acres. The company was incorporated on the 1st of January, 189o, with a capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars and Mr. Ross served as its president until his death, which occurred in 1892. Since then his wife has held that position, while his son, Elmore Preston Ross, has served as secretary of the company. They manufacture agricultural implements of various kinds, furnishing employment to one hundred and twenty-five men. Their trade not only extends throughout the various states of the Union, but their exports are large, shipments being made to various parts of Europe and South America. Mr. Ross married Miss Mary Muir Fitch and to them was born one son, Elmore P. Mrs. Ross’ father was Nelson Fitch, who was born in Auburn, New York, a son of Abijah and Lanah (Nelson) Fitch, THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 587 the former of English and the latter of Scotch descent. His ancestors came to America in 1633 and settled in Norwalk, Connecticut. Mr. Fitch was educated in the schools of Auburn, New York, and there remained until twenty-five years of age, when in 1849 he sailed for the gold fields of California, going around Cape Horn. After spending two years in the far west he returned to his native city and later became connected with the Wadsworth Manufacturing Company of that place. He was also interested in the manufacture of edged tools in the state prison and was identified with a number of other business enterprises, being a man of broad capabilities. Prior to the death of Mr. Ross he removed to Springfield, Ohio, and when that gentleman passed away he became general manager of the E. W. Ross Manufacturing Company, continuing as such until he too was called to his final rest, April 11, 1897, when the active management was assumed by J. B. Cartmell as treasurer and John L. Zimmerman as vice president of the company. In 1832 Mr. Fitch married Miss Nancy Muir, also a native of Auburn, New York, and a daughter of Robert and Nancy (Bennett) Muir, the former at native of the south of Scotland. By this union were born three children : Mary M., who became Mrs. Ross ; and Lillias and Stearns, both deceased. Mr. Fitch cast his first presidential vote for Henry Clay, the Whig candidate, and later became a strong Republican. Elmore P. Ross, the father of our subject, was a Democrat in his political views but was not an active politician in the sense of office seeking, although he was a very prominent and influential man in New York. He was one of the leading business men of Auburn, where he was a resident prior to the opening of the New York Central Railroad. He was also largely interested in real estate in various cities and in the anthracite coal fields, and was one of the incorporators of the Merchants Union Express Company, afterwards merged with the American Express Company. JOSEPH PEARSON Joseph Pearson is now living a retired life in Catawba. He is well known throughout the county, where he is called "Uncle Joe" by his. many friends, and among his military acquaintances he goes by the title of "Sergeant." He was born in London, England, February 12, 1827. His father, William; Pearson, was also born there. and was a cabinet maker and wagon maker by trade, serving an apprenticeship to both. He would walk twenty-one miles from his work each Saturday night in order to spend Sunday at home. Although a self-educated man, he became well informed, and reading kept him abreast with the topics of the times. In 1832 the family came to America and sought a home in Clark county, Ohio. They were of strong Methodist faith and came to the United States because of their favorable impression of the form of government. The father had carried on wagon making and cabinet making in his native country until 1832, when with his wife and children he crossed the Atlantic and, making his way westward, proceeded down the Ohio river, settling in. Pleasant township. His mother, who after her second marriage became Mrs. Elizabeth Inman, had come to Ohio at an early day and owned three hundred and 588 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD twenty acres of land in Harmony township, Clark county, where with the family she, established a dairy farm. William Pearson conducted this farm for several years and assisted in caring for his mother, who reached the very advanced age of ninety years. Hers was one of the finest fruit farms in the county, as will be remembered by many of the old settlers. One of her sons, Martin Inman, who was formerly a merchant in Clark county, now lives in St. Louis. After coming to America, William Pearson, the father of our subject, followed carpentering and cabinet making, and not only erected many of the old homes of the county, but also made the furniture with which they were equipped. He was well skilled in the use of swords and served as captain of a light horse company. He was likewise the strongest man in Clark county and at the general musters often gave exhibitions of his strength, as well as his skill as a swordsman. He married Elizabeth Lockhart, a daughter of Levi George Lockhart, who on one occasion was taken out to be hung because he preached the truth as he understood it. Two children were born unto William Pearson and his wife while in London, the eldest being Joseph, of this review. The younger, Henry, became a soldier of the Civil war and was killed below Vicksburg by the accidental discharge of a gun, when thirty-two years of age. After the arrival of the family in Ohio eight more children were added to the household : Maria, the widow of 0. W. Davis, and a resident of Hardin county, Ohio; Elizabeth May, the deceased wife of Benjamin Golden, who is living in Catawba, Ohio, George, who was a soldier of the Ninety-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War and resides in Catawba; Martha, of Findlay, Ohio, the widow of William Shanks, who was a member of the Union army; Millie Ann, the wife of Edwin Gardner, station agent at Patterson, Clark county, and a veteran of the Civil war; Mary, the wife of John Young, a retired farmer of Hardin county, who was also one of the boys in blue in the war of the Rebellion; Thomas, who was a soldier of the Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and is living retired in Catawba ; and Samuel, who was a soldier of the Forty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and is now engaged in merchandising in Owatona, Kansas. The father of this family was a Republican in his political views, but never sought or desired office. A prominent member of the Methodist Episcopal church, he contributed liberally to 'church work and erected the Vernon and Pleasant Chapel churches. His house was the home of all the circuit riders in the early day and his hospitality was greatly enjoyed by other visitors to the locality. He never accumulated a great amount of money because of his liberality, but he gained what is far better—the respect, confidence and friendship of those with whom he came in 'contact. He died in Catawba, in 1847 at the age of fifty-seven years, honored and esteemed by all who knew him. His widow afterward became the wife Edward Shanks and by this marriage there was one son, David, who is now living in Columbus, Ohio. Mrs. Shanks passed away in Catawba. Like the other members of his father's household, Joseph Pearson was educated in the early common schools of Clark county. He was only five years of age when the family came to America, and being the eldest of the family his school privileges were somewhat limited, for his services were needed on the home farm. As a boy he THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 589 used the sickle and the cradle, working in the harvest fields at a time when the labor of gathering the crops was much more difficult that it is at the present time, when splendidly improved machinery does the work that was at that time performed by hand. For three years he was employed on a farm and he also assisted his father in the shop until the latter died. For four years he was a clerk on board a store boat on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. During that time he saved some money, which he brought home and with it settled up his father's affairs. He then located in Catawba, where he learned the cooper's trade, which he followed continuously until 1861. Prompted by patriotic impulses Mr. Pearson then offered his services to the government, enlisting September 10, 1861, as one of the boys in blue of Company F, Forty-fourth Ohio Infantry, with which he served for four years with the rank of fourth sergeant. In 1864 he re-enlisted as a veteran, becoming a member of the Eighth Ohio Cavalry and was promoted to commissary sergeant and remained at the front until after the close of the war, when he received an honorable discharge. He served with the Clark County Greys and participated in many important battles. He was under the command of Captain Israel Stough and Colonel S. A. Gilbert. The regiment was ordered to Camp Piatt, West Virginia, and assisted in driving Floyd from Cotton Hill, then moved on to Ganley Bridge and Meadow Bluff. At Lewisburg they were attacked by General Heath, with forty-five hundred men, but repulsed them, capturing three hundred prisoners and four pieces of artillery, Company F alone capturing an eighteen-pound gun. Next the regiment proceeded to Soldier Springs, and at Charleston had an engagement. They burned the bridge over the Elk river and assisted in destroying the Jackson River Railroad. On the 20th of December the regiment was mounted and sent after Morgan. With his command Sergeant Pearson was also in the engagements at Dutton Hill, Greenbrier River and the siege of Knoxville. He was then detailed and became a noted spy and scout under General Cook. After being appointed commissary sergeant he was detailed, recruited thirty-two men and served in the Second Brigade of the Second Division of the Army of Kentucky, being discharged December 31, 1863, but on the following day he re-enlisted, becoming a member of Company F, Eighty-first Infantry, under Captain Evans and Colonel Gilbert. He then took part in the engagements at Carrington, Otter Creek, Lynchburg, Liberty, Winchester, Martinsburg, Fisher's Hill, Luray Valley and Beverly. For three months he was ill of fever in the hospital at Dearington. He was then detailed and recruited twenty-one men. He served in Averill's Cavalry Division of the Eighth Corps under General Sheridan and was at Clarksburg on the 30th of June, 1865. He belongs now to N. M. McConkey Post, No. 391, G. A. R., in which he has served as quartermaster and as commander. After the close of the war Sergeant Pearson returned to Catawba and resumed the cooper business, not only providing for his own support, but assisting his brothers and sisters until they reached maturity. In 1875 he left the shop and purchased the hotel here and a grocery store. In the latter he built up a good trade, prospering in the new undertaking, and for many years he conducted his store, enjoying a very liberal patronage. In 1898, however, he sold out, 590 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and is now living retired. Well does he merit this rest, for his life has been a very busy one, as well as useful and honorable, his untiring diligence being supplemented by an honesty above question. In April, 1848, Mr. Pearson was married to Miss Nancy Golden, who was born in Pleasant township, Clark county. She died of cholera the year following their marriage and left one son, Martin L., who died in early childhood. In 1850 Mr. Pearson was again married, his second union being with Mary S. Palmer, who was born in Adams county, Ohio, in 1832. By this marriage there have been six children. Joseph Williams, a ,farmer of Hardin county, Ohio, is married and has five children—Alice, the wife of Jacob Godfrey, a farmer of Wyandot county, Ohio, Bruce, Emma, Joseph and Walter. Francis Dale, the second member of the family, is a graduate of Wooster College and for several years was professor of languages in the high school of St. Paul, Minnesota. He is now principal of the E street high school, of Columbus, and is a lecturer of note. He is married and has one son, Humphrey. Martha Jane is the wife of Joseph Keeser, of Springfield, and they have three children—Myrtle, the wife of W. J. Turnbull, of Columbus, by whom she has two children; Annie and Mary Keeser. George Franklin is a manufacturer of and dealer in buggies, of Mechanicsburg, Ohio, and has one son, Marion. Charles Lincoln, of Benedict, Kansas, who has been for twenty years in the railway postal service, had two children,. Bruce and Hazel, but the former is now deceased. Dora, the youngest member of Mr. Pearson's family, died at the age of eighteen years. Her mother was burned to death in 1863, and in 1864 Mr. Pearson married Mrs. Elizabeth Ann Palmer, a widow of F. M. Palmer, a soldier who died in Kentucky during the war. Mr. and Mrs. Pearson had two children : Etta May, the wife of Frank Hendricks. of Catawba, by whom she has three children. Ethel, Sarah B., and Lee; and Elizabeth Ann, the wife of Hugh Cartmell. of Moorefield, by whom she has three children, Leah, Nela and Rodger. Mrs. Elizabeth Ann Pearson died at the birth of her younger daughter, in 1870, and in 1872 Mr. Pearson wedded Sarah E. Porter. They have one son, Levi Thomas, who is living in South Dakota. In politics Mr. Pearson has been a Republican from the organization of the party and has taken an active interest in its work, being recognized as one of its leaders in his township. He has almost continuously since the war served as a delegate to the county and state conventions. For eight years he served as treasurer of Catawba, and for eleven years was a member of the village council while for sixteen years he filled the office of deputy county sheriff. For similar period he served as a member of the Republican central committee of Pleasant township, and for sixteen years has been connected with the school board, serving during a part of the time either as president or secretary. Since 1857 he has held membership in Catawba Lodge, No. 49, I. O. O. F., and has served continuously as its treasurer for thirty years, with the exception of one year. He has passed all of the chairs in the lodge, has several times been a delegate to the grand lodge and is a member of Mad River Encampment, No. 16, of Springfield. He aided in organizing McConkey Post, G. A. R., of which he served as commander for several years, and was appointed by Joseph W. O'Neal, the state THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 591 inspector of Ohio, to the position of assistant inspector in this district. He .has frequently been sent to the national encampments as a delegate. He holds membership in the Methodist. Protestant church and belonged to the church board for a number of years. His has been an eventful life. He has almost reached the seventy-sixth milestone on life's journey. His career has ever been honorable and upright and there is much in his life history worthy of emulation. He has never been intoxicated, has always been fair and just in his treatment of his fellow men and has lived at peace with them. He is identified with the early development of the county and can relate man interesting experiences of pioneer life in this section of the state. He carried on horseback the first mail in Pleasant township, traveling fifty-two miles per day, over mud roads. His 'father built the first frame house in Catawba, and there Mr. Pearson of this review lived. He has been the correspondent for the agricultural board, of Washington, D. C., and also of the water bureau, of Columbus. Although he is now living retired he still owns ninety-seven and one half acres of valuable land and this returns to him a good income. While serving as a spy under General Cook in the Civil war he had many narrow escapes. He was always found true to the Union, however, and throughout his entire life he has been a loyal citizen, faithful to his country at all times. JUSTINUS T. NAVE. Justinus T. Nave is a son of John G. and Margaret E. (Gram) Nave, and was born upon his father's farm, September 3, 1865. He now carries on agricultural pursuits in Green township and his. work is bringing to him a creditable financial return. He is the third in a family of five children and he assisted in the work of the old home place until twenty-one years of age. During that time he also acquired a good English education .in the common schools and gained practical experience in the work of field and meadow, so that he was well equipped for conducting agricultural pursuits on his own account when he started out in life for himself. At Covington, Kentucky, on the 1st of October, 1889, was celebrated the marriage of Justinus T. Nave and Miss. Jennie B. Jones. who was born and reared in Green township, andi is a daughter of Henry H. and Jane (Hawkins) Jones. Her father is still living, but her mother died when the daughter was only nine years of age. Mrs. Nave acquired a good common school education and is an estimable lady, who has won many friends in the community in which she is living. The young• couple began their domestic life upon rented land and Mr. Nave continued to operate leased land until 1891. The following year he made his first purchase, becoming the owner of thirty acres, where he now lives. There was a house and barn upon the place, but the land had not been cleared, except a small garden. Mr. Nave has since prepared the fields for cultivation by clearing them, and, as the work of plowing,: planting and harvesting has been carried on, his farm has become a richly cultivated tract. In January, 1902, he purchased twenty acres additional, and he now has forty-one acres cleared, from which he is deriving a good income, for his fields are productive and well developed. The household is brightened 592 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. by the presence of two children—J. Albert, born in Green township, June 2, 1890; and Gladys Elnora, born on the home farm, October 30, 1892. Mr. Nave was reared in the faith of the Republican party. In 1888, however, he supported the Prohibition party and has since been independent in politics. He is a charter member of the Junior Order of American Mechanics and for one term was warden. PHINEAS P. MAST. One of the most prominent and useful men Springfield has ever known was Hon. Phineas P. Mast, who came here about forty-seven years ago, from Champaign, his native county, and soon engaged in the manufacture of agricultural implements in connection with the late Hon. John H. Thomas, under the firm name of Thomas & Mast. This partnership was dissolved by mutual consent in the fall of 1871, Mr. Mast purchasing the entire stock of Mr. Thomas. The style of the firm was then known as P. P. Mast & Company. Afterward the firm of Mast, Foos & Company was organized and extensive shops were built in the west end, for the manufacture of Buckeye force pumps, iron turbine wind engines, lawn mowers and iron fence. Subsequently Mr. Mast organized the Mast Buggy Company. He was the principal person concerned in the organization of the Springfield National Bank and was its president until his death, in November, 1898. Mr. Mast was for many years a member of the city council and none of his con- temporaries was more faithful in attendance or in rendering service than he. He was also for two years mayor of the city and for two terms president of the board of trade, of which organization he was a charter member. In all these bodies, and in all public service, he was active and faithful. No man connected with Springfield affairs stood higher in public esteem than he. He came to Springfield a young man and became at once prominent in public movements. His influence in positions of power was not baneful but beneficial. It was evident to all that he had the highest welfare and greatest good of the community always at heart. He demonstrated this by his works, by donations from abundant means, and the giving of most valuable time to foster our local municipal development. In business he was able to accomplish what few men can achieve successfully—maintain many lines of diverse enterprises, carrying on all with evenness and unimpaired credit. He showed not only a strong will in the management of a business that would have crushed most men, but maintained a uniformily cheerful spirit. No utterance could be a more satisfactory expression of public sentiment or more illustrative of his character than the resolutions presented by Mr. Charles S. Kay. at a meeting of the board of trade called for the purpose of doing- honor to Mr. Mast, on the 25th of November, 1898. It is as follows : "Whereas, death has removed, in the person of P. P. Mast, an eminent citizen of Springfield, and one of the most honored and useful members of the board of trade, therefore be it "Resolved—That we recognize, in the personal character and career of P. P.. Mast a conspicuous example of the best type of American citizenship and a notable illustration of honorable business achievement. While leaving to others, associated with him THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 595 in education and church life the privilege of paying tribute to his influence and usefulness in those relationships we deem it proper that the representative commercial body of the city of Springfield. in which Mr. Mast has spent his entire active business life should pay just tribute to his character as a citizen and business man. "Beginning with moderate capital but with well equipped mind and keen business faculties, Mr. Mast grew to be. with the passing years, more and more one of the pillars in the structure of our local business affairs, his influence and sagacity developing and directing some of the most important lines of trade and financial enterprises in the city. "As a deeply interested and constantly active member of the board of trade, his participation in its discussions and his counsel as to procedure were of the greatest value based, as they were. upon a well-grounded knowledge of the growth. capabilities and resources of our city. He was one of the few older citizens of Springfield whose personal interest and active participation in its affairs kept pace with the progress of events and the needs of the time. "While occupied with multiform cares and responsibilities Mr. Mast manifested to a remarkable degree a generous sympathy with the mental, moral and political welfare of the city, the state and the nation. He was one of the first to respond liberally to call for aid in any worthy direction. "While possessed of large means, he never flaunted his possessions in the face of his less fortunate fellow men. Although tenacious in his purposes. Mr. .fast maintained throughout his life a modesty of demeanor and a readiness to collier with others concerning important matters of local interest. The development of our city to a - 31 - position of commercial prominence, and as an attractive, healthful place of residence, was always uppermost in his mind, and .to this end he devoted some of the highest energies of the best years of his life. "Resolved, that we express our sincere appreciation of all these high qualities of capacities and usefulness, and that we record our sense of the deep loss sustained by the city of Springfield in the death of Mr. Mast. We shall miss his expressions of interest and his advice in the affairs of this board and the city, in which he was so long a prominent factor, will experience an incalculable vacancy in its roll of influential citizens and business men. "The members of this board can pay him no better tribute than to endeavor to inculcate and foster the public-spirit which he so pre-eminently displayed." Mr. Mast was a man of fine, attractive personal appearance as well as qualities and had the respect and esteem of all classes of people. As the years pass his memory grows. It would require a large volume to contain all the services rendered by Mr. Mast to the community, many of which were so quietly rendered as to be unknown. He was very prominent and liberal in church and benevolent work. PETER A. DILLAHUNT, V. S. Peter A. Dillahunt, V. S., who is engaged in the practice of veterinary surgery in Springfield and Clark county, was born in German township, this county, December 30, 1869, and is a son of Andrew J. Dillahunt, whose birth occurred in Maryland February 29, 1844. He came to the west 596 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. with his parents, George W. and Elizabeth (Garvin) Dillahunt. The grandfather of our subject was a farmer and settled on land in German township, four miles from Springfield. His death occurred in Clark county and he was buried in Mount Zion cemetery. He was twice married and by the first union he had nine children, namely : Mary, the deceased wife of Jefferson Meranda; John Calvin, who wedded Mar,- Colvin and died leaving two children Andrew J., the father of our subject George Scott, who is living in Covington, Kentucky; Anna E., the wife of Harvey Stephenson, of German township ; Luther. who died in infancy; Ellen G., the wife of S. T. Swearengen, of Wittenberg College; and William and Emma, who died in infancy. By the second marriage there were five children: Isabelle, the wife of Charles A. Thomas, of Pike township; Charles A., of Springfield; Cora, the deceased wife of William Bailey ; Oliver of Moorfield township; and Florence O., the wife of Rev. William G. Smith, of New York. The mother of these children bore the maiden name of Lucinda Garvin, and was a half-sister of Mr. Dillahunt's first wife. His first five children were born in Maryland and the others in German township. All were educated in the common schools and reared to farm life and the sons have always followed agricultural pursuits. All who have passed away reached the age of about fifty years. George W. Dillahunt came to Clark county and purchased land which was mostly covered with timber. He became the owner of two hundred acres, all of which was improved by himself and sons. Andrew J. Dillahunt succeeded to a part of the home farm and always carried on ag ricultural pursuits. He was a prominent man in party work in behalf of the Democracy, but he never sought or desired office. He wedded Mary M. Miller, who was born in German township, October 28, 1845, a daughter of Jacob Miller, who was one of the old pioneers of this section of the state. Fier mother bore the maiden name of Rachel Bower and by her marriage became the mother of eight children : Lucy, the deceased wife of S. Nawman ; Henry of Winfield, Kansas; William, who died in infancy ; George H., who is living in the west ; Peter B., deceased : Mary M.. the widow of A. J. Dillahunt ; Catherine, the wife of Harvey McCartney, of Dayton, Ohio ; and Jacob of Winfield, Kansas. The sons removed to different parts of the west. The parents of this family are both now deceased. The father was born December 16, 1799, and his wife November 11, 1811. The parents of Jacob Miller were William and Magdaline (Karch) Miller and they were of Pennsylvania German parentage. In their family were eleven children, of whom Isaac was ninety-two years of age at the time of his death. Those still living are: Mrs. Sarah Baker, who is living in Springfield at the age of eighty-eight; and Mrs. Catherine James. of Dayton, who is now eighty-six years of age. Unto A. J. Dillahunt and his wife were born eight children: Elizabeth, the wife of Joseph Pattison, of Pike township; Peter A., of this review ; George, who is an undertaker of Springfield; Laura B., who died in infancy ; Fred A., Frank B. and Otto C., all of Springfield; and Homer B., who died at the age of five years. The father died on the old homestead in January, 1895. The children were all educated in the common schools of German township but the THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 597 sons all came to Springfield and began business here on their own account. After the death of her husband Mrs. Dillahunt also removed to the city and is now living at No: 314 West Main street. Mr. Dillahunt was a man in moderate circumstances in early life, but entered upon a successful career. About 1874 he began the practice of veterinary surgery, having mastered the principles himself and he enjoyed an exten sive patronage in Clark and adjoining counties. Dr. Peter A. Dillahunt of this review pursued a literary education in the common schools. He afterward studied veterinary surgery with his father and later took a course in the Ontario Veterinary College, at Toronto, between 1891 and 1893, receiving his diploma in the spring of the latter year. At this time he located in Springfield and began practice, and he soon demonstrated his ability to successfully perform the duties of his profession and thereby he gained a liberal public patronage, his practice extending not only over Clark but also into adjoining counties. In this way he has prospered. He is now a member of the Ohio State Veterinary Medical Association and in 1898 he served as its vice-president. Mr. Dillahunt was married in Springfield in 1896 to Miss Elva M. Kobelanz, who was born in Springfield township, Clark county, October 25, 1872, and is a daughter of J. Henry and Anna (Snyder) Kobelanz, both of whom are residents of Springfield township the father having been born March 15, 1839, and the mother on the 11th of July, 1841. They were married December 2 1 , 1871, and became the parents of five children : Elva M., now the wife of our subject; Charles E. deceased; J. Harry, who is living on the home farm; and Daisy L. and Anna M., both at home. The grandfather, Frederick Kobelanz, was born in October, 1898, in Germany. and about 1832 became a resident of Clark county, Ohio. He was twice married, his first union being with Mary Hackman, by whom he had a daughter, Mary, now deceased. His second wife was Margaretta Duhme, who was born in Germany and was the grandmother of Mrs. Dillahunt. Her children were: Fred, of Mississippi; Henry, of Springfield township; Herman L., of this city. The home of Dr. Dillahunt and his wife has been blessed with two children-- Lelah Esther and Henry Cecil. The Doctor resides at No. 322 West Columbia street and his office is at No. 46 West Main street. He and his family attend the Lutheran church, of which his wife is a member, and he is a member of Red Star Lodge, K. P. In his political views he is a Democrat, but the duties of his profession' leave him no time to seek public office, even if he desired to do so and he is content to perform his duties as a private citizen. PETER A. SCHINDLER. Peter A. Schindler, now deceased, was for many years, however, engaged in the undertaking business in Springfield and was a man of prominence in commercial.. circles, his reliability commanding for him the public confidence and respect. He was born October 15, 182o, in Frederick county, Maryland, near Middletown. The father john Schindler was a native of Baden Baden, Germany, born in 1790, and in 1802 he started with his parents for America, but both his father and mother died. on 598 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ship-board, and other members of the family, while enroute, also died of ship fever. John, Schindler was thus left an orphan. Re made his home with an uncle in Maryland, who paid his passage to this country, and remained with him until he had reached manhood. He there learned the miller's trade and in that state he was married to Hannah Leatherman, a daughter of Peter Leatherman and a sister of Jcob Leatherman, who was a minister of the Dunkard church. In early manhood John Schindler devoted his attention largely to the milling business and in later years to farming. In 1852 he came to Ohio and purchased land three miles from Springfield. Later he re- moved to a farm three miles south of the city, known as the Woolf farm, and upon that place .he spent his remaining days, passing away at the age of seventy-three years. His wife survived him only a few years and died at the home of her daughter, Mrs. Louisa Schindler, in Miami county, Ohio. Unto John Schindler and his wife were born five children, Daniel A., who became a preacher; John, a miller who died at Altoona, Pennsylvania ; Mary, who became the wife of M. K. Biser and died about 1852 ; Louisa; and Peter A. The subject of this review was the eldest of the family. He pursued his education in Wittenberg College, of which his brother Daniel, who became a preacher, was also a graduate. The father provided his children with gold educational privileges. He had been successful in life, and, although bound out in his early years, he had accumulated considerable property and was not only well-to-do, but also a highly respected resident of Clark county. He held membership in the Lutheran church. During his youth Peter A. Schindler assisted his father in milling and farming. and at the age of twenty-one he made a start in life for himself. He was married in 1842 to Miss Mary Ann Shafer and started out as a singing teacher, for he possessed considerable musical ability. He went to Hagerstown, Maryland, where his wife died in 1850. In October of the same year he came to Ohio, locating at Springfield, where he established a good reputation as a teacher of vocal music, a number of residents of the county to-day yet remembering his ability in this direction. In 1853 he embarked in the furniture manufacturing business in connection with M. K. Biser, under the firm name of Schindler & Biser. Various changes afterward occurred in the firm, but the business was continued until 1865, when Mr. Schindler sold his interest, having in the meantime met with heavy losses caused by endorsing notes for others. Subsequently he engaged in the manufacture of horse collars in partnership with Joseph F. Sheeter. He was an accountant and after his failure he engaged in bookkeeping for Colonel Doty, a plow manufacturer, but after a short period he began the manufacture of brick near the Erie depot, Springfield, using one of the first machines ever brought to Ohio for the purpose of brick manufacture. He continued in this line until 1867. About 187o he became associated with J. Lamor Coleman, formerly a member of the firm of Coles & Coleman, undertakers. Mr. Schindler purchased the interest of J. W. Coles. Business was carried on under the firm style of J. L. Coleman & Company until 1884, when, in October, Mr. Schindler purchased his partner's interest and the firm of Schindler & Son was formed, but in February, 1886, Mr. Coles re-entered the busi- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 599 ness and in June of the same year, J. M. Bennett was admitted to a partnership and was associated in the ownership of the business until December, 1887, when he sold his interest to Messrs. Schindler and Coles. In June, 1891, Mr. Schindler again purchased Mr. Cole's interest. In August, 1891, a half-interest was sold to J. H. Clark, and in February, 1892, a third was purchased by Joseph Littleton. In June, 1893, 'Air. Clark sold to F. E. Snypp and in November, of the same year, Mr. Schindler purchased Mr. Littleton's interest, since which time business has been carried on under the firm style of Schindler & Snypp. After the death of Peter A. Schindler, Charles Schindler, his son, became his successor. In 1852 Peter A. Schindler was united in marriage to Mrs. Caroline Keller, the widow of the late Rev Ezra Keller, D. D., the founder and first president of Wittenberg College and also of the First Lutheran church. She pursued a common-school education and bore the maiden name of Caroline Routzahn. Her birth occurred in Maryland in 1819, her parents being Adam and Elizabeth Routzahn. By her first marriage she had one child, who is now the wife of Ross Mitchell, of Springfield. By the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Schindler there was born one son, Charles, now a prominent business man of Springfield. The mother died September 20, 1888, and in October, 1889. Mr. Schindler was again married, his second union being with Elizabeth Martin, of Hagerstown, Maryland, who died February 17, 1890. Mr. Schindler was a very stanch Republican and did everything in his power to promote the growth and insure the success of his party. He was a member of the school board of Springfield and became connected with the Lutheran church in 1838. He afterward officiated as choir leader from the time he joined the church until 1890 and was also the leader of music in the Sunday-school. For over forty years he likewise served as superintendent of the Sunday-school and he organized many Sunday-schools in Clark county, taking much pride and interest in the work, realizing how important is early religious training as a preparation for life's duties, in instilling into the minds of the young the principles that endure as long as life endures. During his incumbency as Sunday-school superintendent he succeeded in building up a school until it had a membership of over one thousand and the new church was also built during his active connection with its work and government. Mr. Schindler passed away August 3, 1895, at the age of seventy-five years. His was a useful, honorable and upright life and the world is better for his having lived. There was in his life much that is worthy of emulation, and he left the impress of his individuality for good upon the community in which he so long made his home. CHARLES SCHINDLER. Charles Schindler, who is engaged in the undertaking business in Springfield, was born in this city September 24, 1855, and is a representative of one of its old families, being a son of Peter H. Schindler, whose sketch precedes this. Our subject pursued his early education in the public schools and afterward was a student in Wittenberg College. When a young man he worked at