800 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. ing in the fields and assisted in the labors of cultivating the crops through the summer months, while in the winter seasons he pursued his studies. He has always remained at home co-operating with his father in the farm work and becoming familiar with every department of the business and with the best methods of conducting the work. Several years before the father's death the son became the practical manager of the farm and he received as his share of the estate one hundred acres of land, to which he has since added until he now owns three hundred acres, nearly all of which is under cultivation. He has cared for his mother since the death of the father. His time and energies are devoted almost exclusively to his farm work, in which he has made a success. In politics he is an earnest Republican, having firm faith in the principles of his party, yet he has never sought office nor cared to figure 'before the public as an official. He has contributed of his means to church and charitable work and is deeply interested in everything pertaining to the general good of the community and to the substantial progress of the county. GEORGE W. BYMASTER. George W. Bymaster, who served his country as a soldier of the Civil war, and is now engaged in the dairying business on the National pike, two miles from. Springfield, was born in Pennsylvania in 1833 and is a son of Christopher Bvmaster. In 1852 he removed from the Keystone state to Clark county and here began working as a farm hand by the month, being thus employed until 1862. In that year he offered his services to the government and aided in crushing- out the rebellion in the south. joining Company G, Ninety-fourth Ohio Infantry, in the month of August. He served continuously until May, 1865, and participated in the following engagements : Tates Ferry, Tunnel Hill, Buzzard's Roost, Hoover's Gap, Pigeon Gap, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, and a fifteen days' skirmish around Resaca. There he was wounded, having the muscle of his right arm shot away, while the bullet also penetrated his left side. He was a brave and loyal soldier, never faltering in defense of the old flag which now floats so proudly over the united nation. After his return from the army Mr. Bymaster engaged in farming as soon as he had sufficiently recovered his health. This was in 1867 and he continuously carried on agricultural pursuits until about 1893. when he embarked in the dairy business, which he has since successfully conducted. under the firm name of Bymaster & Son, his home being two miles from Springfield on the National pike. In his work he is energetic, follows progressive methods, and everything about his place is neat and thrifty in appearance, while the products of his dairy are of such excellent quality that he finds a ready sale on the market for them. Mr. Bymaster was united in marriage to Miss Mary Jane Tilton, a daughter of David and Barbara (Garver) Tilton, of Addison, Ohio. They now have five children. William Irvin married Emma. a daughter of Samuel Nawman, and at his death left five children, Pearley, Clyde, Hazel, George Russell and Verna. William Irvin died in 1901 at the age of forty years and his family is now living in Illinois. Forrest C. married Alice Logan and is living in Clark THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 801 county, Kansas. David C. is a resident of North Dakota. Ida is at home with her parents. Charles O. wedded Mary Powell and is in partnership with his father in the dairying business. They have two children, Paul G. and Ruth L. Mr. Bymaster is a strong Republican in his political views and was appointed township trustee in February, 1902, while in April, of the same year, he was elected to the office which he is now capably filling. He belongs to Powell Post, No. 381, G. A. R., and to the Methodist church and is well known as an enterprising and reliable citizen of his community. HISTORICAL AND BIOGRAPHICAL. BY CLIFTON M. NICHOLS. The beautiful and prosperous city of Springfield is the capital of Clark county, and one of the handsomest and most enterprising cities of Ohio, and the country of which it is the chief and only city, is famous for its physical beauty, its fertile fields and its ample deposits of limestone. A hundred years ago our predecessors, the red men, roved at will over the hills and plains of the valleyss of the two Miamis and Mad river, with the regions of the Lagonda and smaller affluent streams. This territory in its wildness was, we are sure, remarkably beautiful. and uncultivated as it was certainly productive. Here Indian corn., or maize, responded to the touch of the aborigines, unconscious of its royal birth and its coming kingdom : fed as it was by the wealth of the rich mold and fostered by generous rains and a sunny, balmy air, it grew to generous proportions, and when matured, browned and parched made toothsome and wholesome food, fit not only for a savage, but for a prince. Then the Indian had but to gash the integument of the sturdy and towering maple to start the flow of delicious fluid, from which was made the finest flavored and most wholesome sugar the world has ever produced. Then a royal appetite, whetted by active, out of door life, and unspoiled 'by luxurious habits, made of roasted bear meat and venison from the forests. and broiled fish from the streams, most delicious food, thoroughly masticated by strong and perfect teeth, in a region and at a period when and where dentists, with their instruments of torture, were unknown. What would thousands of those who are considered our most fortunate people now give for such appetites, such digestion and such delicious food as our dusky forefathers enjoyed? But, alas, no amount of wealth can buy these blessings. If the aborigines found the region between the Miami rivers, and adjacent to Mad river, a goodly land, is it at all a matter of wonder that those sturdy and intelligent men of the olden time, David Lowry and Jonathan Donnell—the last named (like George Washington, who visited the Ohio country as early as 1749, a surveyor—should. coming as they did from Pennsylvania in 1795, decide to make their home in such a region of richness and beauty? Or, that others in the course of time, from eastern states should join them, or that in 1799 804 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD the germ of a city should be planted on the banks of the fair Lagonda? Or that the village of Springfield should be laid out in 1801 ? As a matter of course there should be a tavern, and Griffith Foos erected one of logs in 1803. The products of the cultivated soil of Clark county in those early days were corn, potatoes, oats and wheat. The corn not needed for the food of the pioneers could be sold, and the potatoes could be eaten on sight, but the wheat to be utilized must be converted into flour. There came, therefore, the pressing need for the man with a white hat. Therefore, in 1804, nearly one hundred years ago, the first flouring mill was erected. There were mighty hunters in those days and the skins of bear and deer and a few domestic animals then existing could only be preserved and made useful by being made into leather and the man for the hour proved to be Cooper Ludlow, who came here from Cincinnati and built a tannery in 1805. Then there must be powder for hunters and pioneers, who, in addition to shooting wild game, were sometimes forced to defend themselves and their homes against hostile Indians. So John Lingle put up a powder mill in 1809. Then followed, year after year, other industries; lumber, woolen and cotton etc. In 1827 the Kills paper mill was erected. In 1830 the Bretney tannery was built and equipped and is still operated by the descendants of the builder. One of the most enterprising and ingenious of our early settlers, James Leffel, built the first foundry, and the establishment, based upon his famous water wheel, known the world over, is one of the largest and most flourishing of our modern manufacturing establishments, that of James Leffel Company, owned by John W. Bookwalter, son-in-law of Mr. Leffel. In 1841 the Barnett flour mill commenced work. It was, comparatively, a great industry at that time, and is now more extensive in its operations than ever before. The Barnett family occupy a most honorable place in local fame and is still most honorably represented. The printer is always in the van of improvement, and in 1817 the Rev. George Smith began printing Clark county's first public journal, "The Farmer." The first factory for the production Of textile goods was a woolen mill and was erected in 1817 by Maddox Fisher, and in the same year Jacob Woodward, Ira Paige and John Taylor commenced the production of cotton cloth. In this line the late Charles Rabbitts became afterward quite prominent as a manufacturer of woolen goods and showed himself a public spirited and useful citizen. At about the same time Griffith Foos built the Pioneer linseed oil mill, and for many years after John Foos carried on its operations, becoming eminent during an active, life-long career as merchant, manufacturer, banker and good citizen. At first Springfield and the territory surrounding it were a part of Champaign county, but in 1818 Clark county was organized and a courthouse built, but it was demolished in 1878, and the present comely palace of justice was erected. An additional building has been constructed at an expense of $60,000, for county offices. The completion of the National road by the Federal government connected by abroad and fine thoroughfare the cities of Baltimore and Cumberland with Springfield, Ohio. It stimulated local enterprise, opened up the THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 805 palmy days of stage coaching and was the forerunner of the many railroad lines now centering and passing through Springfield and connecting it with all the great cities of the country. Springfield is the most important center of the great 'Vanderbilt lines west of New York. In 1848 John A. Pitts, from Buffalo, New York, built a separator factory, which occupied a portion of the present piano plate factory of the O. S. Kelly Company. The manufacture of reapers and mowers was commenced by Benjamin H. Warder and partners, under the name of the Lagonda Agricultural Works, in 1850 on a portion of the tract now occupied, with nearly a hundred acres of additional territory, by the immense plant owned by the Warder Bushnell & Glessner Company, which is now one of the largest idustrial concerns in the country. Ex-Governor Asa S. Bushnell is the president. his senior, Mr. Warder, founder of the Warder Library, having died in Cairo, Egypt, several years since. This concern manufactures the Champion reapers and mowers and employs nearly two thousand men a large portion of the year. In 1852 William N. Whiteley, assisted by his brother. Amos, began the manufacture of the Champion machines. invented by William, and afterward disposed of it to the above named company. In 1833 the late P. P. Mast and the late John H. Thomas commenced the manufacture of grain drills. From this pioneer work in water wheels, harvesters and grain drills has grown up a group of large concerns of various kinds, over one hundred and fifty in number and employing nearly ten thousand persons, of whom not a small proprotion are women. Their products are sent each year to all portions of North and South America. to Eu rope, Australia. South Africa and all portions of the civilized world. Springfield, located in the commercial and industrial heart of the country, holds high rank among the smaller cities of the country as a handsome, healthy, well equipped and prosperous town, and her thriving Wittenberg College, its several departments constituting an actual university, its Fine Springfield Seminary its high class public schools and parochial schools; its more than half a hundred places for public worship of Almighty God, its large and prosperous Young Men's Christian Association, at the head of which is W. J. Frazer, one of the best and strongest men of his class in the country, present a most attractive array. of institutions, and of a most useful and wholesome character. No city of its size in America, with forty-five thousand people (in 1902) has such fine public buildings. Of these are the unique and beautiful Y. M. C. A. building, the magnificent city hall building, embracing city hall, market house, city offices, etc., over two hundred and sixty-five feet long, in the heart of the city, and opposite the fountain, put up by Oliver S. Kelly, pioneer manufacturer, ex-mayor, and one of our most honored public men, the building costing with its site, two hundred and twenty-five thousand dollars; the Warder Library, already alluded to, one of the most tasteful structures in Ohio; the Federal building, a massive and architecturally fine building of stone, secured to us through the efforts of Major General J. Warren Keifer when he was a member of Congress; the Clark county courthouse, and other fine public buildings. Three strong national banks are located in large and fine buildings : The First in the 806 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD massive five-story Bushnell building ; the Citizens in the Zimmerman annex to the five-story Gotwald building, of stone. and the Mad River and Lagohda National and the Sayings Banks in fine buildings of their own. The building and loan associations are handsomely housed. The state homes of the Masons, the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias form, together, a very attractive feature of the city and bring many visitors. Each building has a style peculiarly its own, yet all are massive and beautiful and equipped with all modern conveniences and comforts. The people of Springfield are very proud to point to the state homes as largely the products of their own liberality, public spirit and good taste. Springfield's new (Mitchell-Thomas and Snyder) hospital is another fine building, with fine modern equipments. THE HONORED DEAD. In the front rank of those eminent men who have passed away should be placed Hon. Samson Mason. who died in 1869. He was at different times a member of both the Ohio senate and the house of representatives, served four terms in Congress, and was a major general in the Ohio militia. During the administration of President Millard Fillmore he served as United States district attorney for Ohio. He was also a member of the constitutional convention (1850-51) that formed our present organic law. General Mason was a prominent member of the Presbvterian church of the country and produced a profound impression by his powerful addresses during the sessions of the general assembly. He was very strong and influential as a public speaker and as a citizen. General Mason's son, Edward C.. was a brilliant soldier in the Civil war, and made a high record for bravery and skill. He rose rapidly in various branches of the service. in various portions of the country. until he became a brigadier general in the regular army. A worthy contemporary of General Mason was General Charles Anthony. who died in 1862. He was for several years a member of the Ohio legislature. and was for four years United States district attorney for Ohio, under General Harrison. General Anthony was a goad orator and a strong man of high character. As Generals ,Mason and Anthony went off the stage. probably the ablest lawyer and statesman ever born in this county made his appearance in the presence of Hon. Samuel Shellabarger. He was born in Mad River township, December 17, 1817, and died at his residence in 'Washington. August 7. 1896. He was at one time a member of the Ohio legislature and afterwards served four terms in Congress. He was one of the most effective speakers in the country. He was an honest man : his integrity was never questioned. He was a practical and able statesman. Of him in the trying "reconstruction- period. Mr. Blaine said, He was distinguished for the logical and analytical character of his mind and without the gift of oratory and paying little heed to the graces of speech, Mr. Shellabarger. conquered by the intrinsic strength of his argument. which generally amounted to demonstrations. His mind possessed many of the qualities which distinguished Mr. Lincoln." Judge William M. Rockel, im his THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 807 centennial address, says of him: "After retiring from Congress, he removed to Washington for the purpose of practicing his profession, and was engaged in many of the most important matters of litigation that appeared in the supreme court of the United States. His industry and faith to duty and his country were crowning virtues. A high example of an able and learned Christian lawyer." George Spence was an able lawyer and, personally, a strong man with a host of friends. He was a delegate to the Charleston convention and was for a long time one of the "wheel horses" of the Democratic party. Judge James S. Halsey was a man of popular qualities, and of strict integrity. Thomas Kizer was a most prominent man in his day. He had much to do in laying out the land in early clays and was a strong man. He was a native of this county. Two men had much to do in building up the interests of the city. and commenced the manufacture of grain drills in partnership, John H. Thomas and Phineas P. Mast, both reaching old age. They were the founders of the grain drill industry, and also took a prominent part in public affairs. Mr. Thomas was a Democrat, and if he had what was clue him, he would have had a seat in the United States senate instead of Calyin S. Brice. He was a stanch Presbyterian. Mr. Mast was prominent in religious affairs as well as in business. He was for many years a member of the city council, and no member was more faithful in the discharge of his duties in that body. He also held other responsible positions. He was for two vears president of the board of trade, and he and Mr. Thomas were charter members of that body. Mr. Thomas was president of the Thomas Manufacturing Company, and Mr. Mast, president of Mast, Foos & Co., the P. P. Mast & Co., the Springfield National Bank, and other organizations. Samuel A. Bowman was an able and most accomplished lawyer and a most prominent citizen, taking great interest in public affairs. He was the founder of the Men's Literary Club, and was in a number of ways a factor in public movements. He was also the founder of the beautiful Ferncliff cemetery, one of the finest burial places in the the country. The pioneer of Springfield was James Demint, who might properly be called the "Father of the Town," laying out the town site. The celebrated Indian chief, Tecumseh, was born four miles west of Springfield. No one of the men who have "gone beyond the flood" is more honored in their old city—or more widely honored—than the late Benjamin Head Warder, who gave to us our beautiful Warder library, with its site and equipment. He was of a most honored family. Thompson Warder, of this city, and Dr. Warder, of Cincinnati, brothers, are also honored men. Benjamin was a pioneer manufacturer, the father of reaper and mower production in Springfield. He was a man of fine appearance and bearing, and of large and broad culture, and was one of nature's noblemen. His great gift to Springfield—the Warder library—was valued at over a hundred thousand dollars. He died a few years ago in Cairo, Egypt. where he went for the benefit of his health. Our most liberal benefactors, among those who have left us, are John and David L. Snyder. to whom Springfield is greatly indebted for the gift of 225 acres, now 808 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD known as Snyder Park. No tract of ground could have been better suited for the purpose. One hundred thousand dollars was given as a permanent fund, the income to be used for its improvement and twenty-five thousand dollars was given outright for immediate use. The city has made provision also for beautifying the tract. Snyder Park is fully appreciated by all classes of people, and frequented, in all seasons of the year. The giant and beautiful trees standing on the tract, doubtless hundreds of years old, have been allowed to remain and are the most valued features of the tract. The park board has shown great taste in its work. its members adapting themselves, so far as possible, to the tastes and desires of the people. To the gift of Ross Mitchell, a valuable building for hospital purposes, John H. Thomas added an annex, costing several thousand dollars, and John Snyder added a hundred thousand dollars as a permanent. endowment, the income to be used for the benefit of "the sick poor." A new and fine hospital building has recently been built. The space allowed in this volume is insufficient for mention of all the useful and eminent men who have lived and worked in this county for the benefit and welfare of their fellow men. William A. Rogers was one of the most eminent of a former generation, as a lawyer, a politician of the best sort, a judge, a legislator, and a journalist, but was stricken by death early in his public career. Judge Forbert was also a judge and a journalist of repute, and John M. Gallagher left a fine reputation as a legislator and an editor. He is conceded by all to have been the most eminent journalist Clark county has ever known. Among the most prominent and active of our manufacturers of former times was William Foos, connected with John W. Bookwalter in the firm of Leffel & Company, and a leading banker. He was a man of fine personal qualities and an able financier. He was the founder of the Church of Heavenly Rest. His younger brother, Gustavus S. Foos, w as one of the most enterprising and energetic of our business men and manufacturers and gave his services largely to the public. He served two terms as president of the board of trade. Mr. Foos had wonderful recuperative qualities and endured and overcame reverses with a remarkable degree of success. Of our judges, one of great ability and efficiency was James S. Goode, one of our early mayors. Judge William White is well known to the present generation of our citizens. Judge Rockel, in his centennial address, says that Judge White "is justly entitled to be designated as the greatest jurist that ever came from this bar. His career is quite remarkable." He was born in England, January 28th, 1822, and came to this country with an uncle in 1831. At twelve he was apprenticed to a cabinet maker for a term of nine years, but after serving six years of his apprenticeship he purchased his time by giving his notes to his master. He was admitted to the bar and served several terms as prosecuting attorney. In 1856 he was elected judge of the court of common pleas, and in 1864 he was elected judge of the supreme court of Ohio. In 1882 he was appointed by President Arthur United States district judge for the southern district of Ohio, and was confirmed by the United States Senate, but died (in 1883) before he could take his seat. He was a man of very THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 809 popular and sterling qualities and was greatly respected by his fellow citizens of all parties. His only son, Charles R. White, was chosen judge of the common pleas court and at the close of his term was re-elected, dying in 1890, in his forty-second year. He "was a worthy son of an illustrious father." John C. Miller, son of an eminent citizen, Reuben Miller, was a prominent lawyer and office holder, holding the position of judge of common pleas .during the late years of his life. He was a very effective public speaker and took an active part in public affairs. He had many friends and admirers, and held high rank as a citizen. Judge Miller died September 17, 1900. Enoch G. Dial, who died in 1896, was a man of fine education and talents, and served for a period as probate judge. He was editor of the Democratic Expositor for a number of years. He was at one time president of the school kept in the four-story building on East High street, now occupied by the Springfield Seminary. During the period of the Civil war John Bacon and John W. Baldwin were the two "leading citizens." They were both prominent bankers, and the last named was the leading merchant. Mr. Bacon stood very high in public esteem as a man of stanch character and sound judgment. Mr. Baldwin showed large interest and was very prominent in his participation of public affairs, and was very influential in his interest in behalf of the cause of the Union. Ranking with these gentlemen were Henry and William Williamson. Their brothers, John and James P., were well known. The last named was at one time interested in the newspaper business. Another brother, Jackson, was a graduate of \Vest Point, and was an officer in the United States army during the Mexican war. The women of the family stood high in the community. The most eminent of Springfield's early educators were Rev. Ezra Keller, D. D., and Rev. Samuel Sprecher, D. D., Dr. Sprecher being still alive at the time this paper was written. Dr. Keller was the first president of Wittenberg College, incorporated in 1845. He died in 1848. He exerted a profound influence upon the community and will always be held in affectionate remembrance. Rev. Dr. Chandler Robbins, father of the present Chandler Robbins, was another eminent educator of the early days. He built the brick portion of the Mitchell-Thomas Hospital and conducted the Greenway Boarding School for many years. The physicians of a locality always occupy a high and warm place among the people. Men of education and refinement and usually of varied accomplishments, their qualities added to their medical knowledge and skill, give them high rank. Dr. W. A. Needham is remembered by some of our older citizens. He was born in Shoreham, Vermont, and was therefore 'of Yankee 'blood and training. Dr. Isaac Hendershott was a prominent citizen, a man of fine education and good literary qualities and took some part in politics. Dr. Robert Rodgers was a man of fine education of strong, good sense and judgment and was greatly beloved, and no old resident of Springfield has left behind him so large a family of honorable descendants. He was born in Pennsylvania and was. of Scotch-Irish descent. Dr. Berkley Gillett was a strong character and took active part in public affairs. He was born in Vermont, and came to 810 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD Springfield in 1834. Of him Dr. H. H. Seys says, in his Centennial paper : "He was a man of strong personality and large progressive ideas, and was well and favorably known by a large constituency throughout the county. He was identified with many of Springfield's early and best interests. * * * He worked with the first of his profession." His younger brother Harvey, lived on a farm in the country. practicing his profession largely in the country. Dr. Robert Houston, who lived in South Charleston, was eminent in his profession. Dr. Alexander Dunlap probably had more fame outside of the city than any other physician. In one line of surgery, he was one of the most successful practititioners in the United States, and was not unknown in Europe. He boldly branched out, attempting and accomplishing results that in his day were considered wonderful. Dr. E. M. Buckingham was one of the finest gentlemen who ever ornamented the profession of medicine. He had an imposing personal appearance, and he was a man of varied and many accomplishments. He was a good citizen and took part in public affairs. Dr. Seys says : "Dr. E. M. Buckingham, for more than thirty years. held a most prominent position * * * as a physician and a gentleman. All who knew him deplored his death. * * Valuable aid was rendered by him as volunteer surgeon during the war of the Rebellion. Dr. Buckingham was of the finest type as a physician and a Christian gentleman.' We cannot do better than to quote our Medical Historian, as to a prominent physician. Andrew M. McLaughlin, of Tremont : "An old Doctor of the William McClure type. The soul of honor, richly endowed by Nature, with limited opportunity to obtain an education, yet he became a power in his day and generation. So pure was this diction, and because of his ponderous weight, among his intimate professional brethren, he was known as 'Webster's Unabridged ; a gentleman beloved and appreciated by those who know him.'' Drs. Andrew Bruce and George H. Bunyan were well known and greatly beloved. It were well that we go into some detail as to pioneer Christian workers in this county. Mrs. Walter Smallwood was one of the first and chief of these. She "was a woman of superior intelligence, cultivated manners and very active in all matters pertaining to the moral and social improvement of the little community. She became a prime mover and original member of what was called the Methodist Society of that time, and she continued to labor in that sphere until 1806, when several persons of this religious affinity organized themselyes into what should be.. regarded as the First Methodist church of Springfield. Whilst speaking of this time as one of religious dearth and gloom, we have occasion to note the life of this Christian woman. especially, and to regard her as a. sort of morning star in the opening up of the religious day. She was said to have been remarkably gifted in prayer, and her choice words and sweet voice, melting in its tenderness, were frequently heard in supplication in seasons of social worship." So writes Dr. Isaac Kay in his centennial address. Surely such a woman's record should be made a part of the history of Clark county. Rev. Samuel Henkle was the first settled minister of the Methodist Episcopal church in Springfield. His ministerial career covered a period of twenty-eight years and he has left a memory that is precious to the 811 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. older residents of this community. In 1827 he edited and published a religious paper called "The Gospel Trumpet." He died in the year 1837. Wm. H. Raper was one of the most prominent of early Methodists, and Raper Chapel, in Dayton, was named in his honor. Joshua Boucher was a strong and active worker. Granville Moody was a famous Methodist preacher, in 1834, and was a stalwart, and, on occasions, a fighting follower of his Master. He was ultimately a colonel in the Union army. Randolph S. Foster was at one time a local pastor here—of the old Columbia Street church, and is now an honored bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church. He is also an author of high repute. Revs. Charles Eliott and Solomon Howard were among the famous "old-timers" in this city. Rev. Dr. John F. Marlay lived in Springfield for many years and no man of his profession was ever more highly beloved. He was a; writer, as well as a speaker, of much ability. Rev. Ansel H. Bassett, D. D., was a pastor of the Methodist Protestant church, and was for many years editor of the Methodist Recorder. Rev. Alexander Clark, and able and brilliant gentleman, was also, for a period, editor of the same paper, as also was Rev. Dr. Scott. Rev. George Brown, D. D., was an able pastor of the same denomination. All who remember Rev. Joseph Clokey. D. D., will recall his career with real affection. His long period of efficient service as pastor of the United Presbyterian church, and as a Christian worker, place him in the front rank of Springfield's clergymen. Rev. John S. Galloway was among the most noted of the early Presbyterian pastors of this city, and his memory is recalled with pleasure. Rev. Dr. N. C. Burt served in the Presbyterian church with eminent ability, and afterward went to Baltimore; thence to France. Rev. Dr. William F. Findlay, another Presbyterian pastor, was a man of marked ability and much eminence as a Christian worker. The same was true of Rev. Dr. W. J. McKnight, and of Rev. Alexander Proudfit, who died here, highly honored and warmly loved. Revs. Professors Fred W. and Victor L. Conrad were preachers and editors here of early days, and were men of great ability as well as piety. Father Thisse was eminent as pastor of St. Raphael Catholic church. Rev. James C. White was the first pastor of the Congregational church here, and was a man of sterling qualities and marked ability. The ablest of his successors was Rev. A. Hastings Ross, D. D., one of the strongest men, as a preacher and an author, in the Congregational body of the United States. No man ever made a more favorable record as a Christian worker than one of his successors, Rev. Wm. H. Warren, still living. One of our most eminent clergymen was Thomas A. Morris, bishop of the Methodist Episcopal church, who died here. He was a man of national fame—universally loved. Miss Eunice Strong was certainly a prominent and efficient educator, holding very high rank in her profession. Many of her old pupils still live to bless her memory. Rev. James L. Rodgers, connected for several years with the Springfield Female Seminary, was a man of high character and very popular qualities. Henry Rodgers, a son of Judge Wm. A. Rodgers, was a brilliant young gentleman, 812 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. and was an esteemed instructor in both Wittenberg College and the high school. He and his young wife were killed in the famous railroad catastrophe at Ashtabula. A distinct and robust figure in the community was Colonel Edward M. Doty, of the One Hundred and Fifty-second Ohio Regiment in the Civil war, but he was better known as a business man and as a Christian worker in a long life of active effort in behalf of the highest interests of his fellow men. He was an effective public speaker and was prominent in Sunday-school and church work. CLARK COUNTY AND TOWNSHIP. Clark county was originally a part of Champaign county, but by an act o[ the legislature passed on December 5, 1817, it was constituted a county by itself. Its territory is twenty-nine miles long from east to west, and about seventeen miles broad, containing four hundred and twelve square miles. It has ten townships, namely : Pike, German, Moorefield and Pleasant bordering on the north line; Springfield located in the center ; Harmony on the east, Bethel in the southwest corner, and Mad River, Green and Madison on the south. The county was named in honor of the famous revolutionary general, George Rodgers Clark, who was born in Albemarle, Virginia, November 19, 1752, and who, on August 8, 1780, gained a signal victory over the Shawnee Indians, led by Simeon Girty, at New Boston, the old Indian town of Piqua, and the birthplace of the celebrated Indian chief, Tecumseh. The historic spot lies five miles west of Springfield. General Clark had one thousand men and one six-pounder cannon, and was guided to the spot by the famous Kentucky pioneer, Daniel Boone. On Monday. August 9, 1880. the centennial anniversary of this battle was observed with appropriate ceremonies and a sham battle, and appropriate and eloquent addresses were delivered by the Hon. Charles Foster, at that time Governor of Ohio, General Wm. H. Gibson, and General J. Warren Keifer. The celebration was on the spot where the battle was fought. Many thousands of people were present. The township of Springfield is six miles wide from north to south, with an average length of about eight and one-half miles, and has an era of about 32,450 acres. It was organized on the 2d day of June, 1818. On the 7th day of April, 1805, Robert Renick and Jonathan Donnell were elected the first justices of the peace, and the first election of township officers was held on the 6th day of April, 1818. Lagonda, now a portion of the city of Springfield, was founded by one of Ohio's most famous pioneers, Simon Kenton, in the year 1799 or 1800. Kenton built a log grist mill here at about that time on a portion of the site now occupied by the immense reaper and mower plant owned by the Warder, Bushnell & Glessner Company. Springfield township is agriculturally rich and abounds in vast deposits of limestone, from which famous white lime is produced. The lime kilns extend west of the city for five miles and the territory from the city is well built up, trolley lines exteding from the city to the suburbs. The township of Harmony was organized on the 2d day of June, 1818. It has five small villages—Wiseman, near the west line, Vienna Cross Roads and Brighton in the northwest corner, Plattsburg near the center and Lisbon near the southern border. The Columbus, London and Springfield Suburban Railway line has added largely to THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 813 the growth and importance of Wiseman, Vienna Cross Roads and Brighton. Wm. Coffey built the first cabin in Pleasant township in May, 1803. William Hunt built the first grist mill in 1819, and Nathaniel Cartmell built another in 1822. Moorefield township was first settled in 1799 by Simon Kenton and his party from Kentucky, was organized in June, 1818, and abounds in fine scenery and rich bottom lands in the vicinity of the hills. New Moorefield is the township's only village. The Marysville branch of the Big Four Railway passed through this village. German township was organized in 1818. Its villages are Tremont City, Noblesville, Lawrenceville, and Eagle City. Jacob Kiblinger built the first saw and hemp mill in 1806. In this year the people of the township had some trouble with the Indians, and finally made a treaty with them. Tecumseh being one of the negotiators. The Detroit Southern Railroad has a station at Tremont City and the Dayton, Springfield and Urbana Suburban line passes a mile distant. Pike township was organized in 1818. Andrew and Samuel Black were the first settlers, in 1805. North Hampton and Dialton are the two villages of the township. Bethel township is believed to be the home of the first white man that settled in the Miami valley, north of Cincinnati. The first school was built in 1805. The township has three villages, New Carlisle, :Medway and Donnelsville. The Peoria division of the Big Four Railroad passed through New Carlisle; also the Springfield and Southwest-. ern trolley line. The Dayton, Springfield and Urbana road passes through Medway, and the Springfield and Southwestern passes from the village westward. A large power house and car barn is located in Medway and Tecumseh Park is a famous feature of the vil lage, which is improving rapidly. New Carlisle is a beautiful village. It has a fine public schoolhouse, a newspaper, the Sun, and several mills and factories. It lies in the rich valley of Honey creek. The township has a high school at Forgy, on the Big Four railway. The township yields abundantly of wheat, corn, potatoes and tobacco. Mad River's first settler was James Galloway, who arrived in 1798. Joseph and Robert Layton came in 1801. William Donnell built the first tavern in 1812. The second was built of rough stone by Franklin Cook in. 1836. Enon is the only village in the township, and the main line of the Big Four Railroad passes through it. Green township was organized in 1818. Pitchin, Clifton and Coatesville are its villages. The Little Miami river passes through very picturesque scenery in Clifton, which village is soon to have a trolley line. O. Davis built the first grist mill, on the Little Miami river at Clifton. The Inlows, Stewarts, Garlou:ghs, Elders, Todds and Albins were the first settlers. Madison township was formerly a part of Madison county, and it was organized on April 25, 1818. South Charleston, a beautiful and prosperous town, has a fine hotel, a town hall, good public schools, churches and business houses, and a newspaper, the Sentinel; that worthily represents the town. The people of the city and township are of good stock, descendants of early emigrants from Pennsylvania, Maryland, Virginia and Kentucky, and from states farther north and east. Many are of Scotch-Irish, Scotch, English, German and Irish blood. Few regions of the country can boast of a more intelligent and virtuous and progressive people than those who live in Clark county. Supplementing the development of this 814 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD portion of the county are the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & St. Louis Railroad, mining from Cleveland to Cincinnati, with three branches, from Springfield to Sandusky, to Marysville and to Peoria'; and the Pennsylvania, the Erie, and the Detroit Southern road (from Detroit to the Ohio river). A further development has been wrought by the Dayton, Springfield & Urbana, the Columbus, London & Springfield, and other suburban lines that have greatly increased the suburban population, and virtually united the city and country towns, giving each mutual advantages. The first public institutions organized were schools for the children. Then followed Christian churches, which were built in the city and all the townships, and the plain, earnest and faithful ministrations of the Pioneer preachers and pastors laid the foundation not alone of public morals, but of their legitimate fruit—good citizenship. The schools also were the sources of good morals, public virtue and integrity, and with the churches were the promoters of liberality, patriotism and progressiveness. Then followed closely another great source of enlightenment and promoter of progress—the newspaper. The Farmer made its appearance in 1817, and has made its appearance under several names until the present time, now appearing daily as well as weekly under the style of the Press-Republic. In due time the Daily. Gazette and the Daily Democrat came next, and are still published. All of these papers are "set up" by machinery and print regular telegraphic dispatches. The Daily Sun is now in its eighth year. The German element is represented by the Journal Adler. Springfield has grown to be a great publishing and literary center. On October 1, 1877, was first printed a semimonthly journal entitled "Farm and Fire side," by Mast, Crowell & Kirkpatrick. the same journal now being published by the Crowell Publishing Company. In 1885 the Crowell & Kirkpatrick Company commenced the publication' of an illustrated monthly periodical of great beauty and excellence,. now known as the "Woman's Home Companion," which periodical has met with an extraordinary degree of success, and has reached a circulation of nearly half a million copies; the "Farm and Fireside" reaching over three hundred thousand. The Crowell Company has one of the most extensive and beautiful plants and one of the best equipped printing and publishing concerns in the world. "Home and Flowers," a monthly magazine, made its first appearance in 1897, and has already reached a circulation of about 200,000. The Floral Publishing Company, which issues "Home and Flowers," and of which D. J. Thomas is at the head, prints "Pets and Animals" and the "Home Florist" and the "Chautauquan," a magazine of great excellence, first issued by the Chautauqua. Assembly people, and having a world-wide reputation and fame. "Farm News" and the "Farm and Gardener" also have large circulations. The "National New Era" should be added to this list. Any intelligent person who will investigate, if it were possible to do so successfully, the extent to which the millions of issues each month reach the people of various classes throughout the land. would be astonished at the result of their work. No city in the world of the size of Springfield can show so good and famous a record in these lines as she. Then her group of fine first class printing establishments rank with her hundreds of immense manufacturing establishments in dimensions and excellence. This record would be grossly incomplete without mention of the prompt patriotism THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 815 shown by our citizens in various ways, but chiefly in the large number of noble and brave men who volunteered, when called upon by President Lincoln, to maintain the union of these states and defend the flag of our common country. 'The Springfield Zouaves, under Captain Edward C. Mason (afterward Brigadier General U. S. A.), organized September l0th, 186o, was the first company in Ohio to offer its services to the government on the attack on Fort Sumter. The company left for the seat of war April 17, 186i. Company of the Third Ohio Infantry, J. C. Vananda, captain., was mustered into the United States service on the 16th of April at Columbus and was sworn in for three years' service on the 3rd of May, with General J. Warren Kiefer as major, and Dr. Henry H. Seys was sworn in as assistant surgeon, afterward through various promotions, becoming successively medical director in the Fourteenth Corps and medical inspectors, Army of the Cumberland. Company E, of the Sixteenth Ohio Infantry, Captain Philip Kershner, entered the service on the 23rd of April. Henry C. Hawkins' band joined the company at Columbus, and afterward made a grand musical record in Virginia Valleys. Company C, First Kentucky Infantry, Ralph Hunt captain, was organized at Springfield in April. Twelve Springfield men, commanded by Lieutenant William H. Kauffman, joined the Fifty-second Ohio. The Sixteenth Ohio Battery was organized August loth, 1861. James A. Mitchell, in honor of whom Mitchell Post, G. A. R., was named, was the captain. William H. Wade, afterward member of congress for several terms, was the captain of Company K, of the Thirty-first Ohio, organized in Camp Chase, at Columbus, in August, 1861. The local event of the Civil war was - 44 - the creating and organizing of the Forty-fourth Regiment of Infantry in the Clark county fair grounds, Springfield, in the summer and autumn of 1861. It left for the front amid enthusiastic demonstrations of our people on the 14th of October. In 1864 the regiment became the Eighth Ohio Cavalry; Hugh Blair Wilson was the lieutenant colonel. Colonel Israel Stough was captain of Company A. He became colonel of the One Hundred and Fifty-third Ohio in 1864. August Dotze was captain of Company H, and was promoted to be major of the Eighth Cavalry soon afterward. Wilbur H. Cummings was captain of Company I. Irving Halsey was captain of Company C, of the Fifth Ohio; Thomas P. Clarke, of Company A, of the Eleventh. Richard L. Parker was captain of Company E, of the Sixtieth Ohio. James Jardine was captain of Company F, of the Fifty-fourth. Thirty-seven Clark county men were in the Fifty-eighth Ohio. Colonel Rodney 'Mason; commanded the Seventy-first Ohio, which had a Clark county company. Captain Ambrose A. Blount commanded the Tenth Ohio Battery. Nineteen Clark county men were in the Seventy-fourth Ohio Regiment of Infantry and Colonel Howard D. John, of Company B, joined the Eighty-sixth Ohio, which went to the front June 11th, 1862. Captain Perry Stewart's Company A went to the front with the Forty-fourth Infantry, as did Captain N. M. McConkey's Company. Captain Ambrose A. Blount's Sixteenth Ohio Battery was mustered into service on the 21st of August, 1862. Twenty-two Springfield men served in the Forty-fifth Ohio. In September, 1862, several hundred 816 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Clark county men went to Cincinnati, under command of Captain Luther Brown, to defend the city from Kirby Smith's Confederate raiders, a large force coming within sight of our breastworks. These citizen soldiers are known in history as "Squirrel Hunters." General J. Warren Kiefer was the commander of the One Hundred and Tenth Ohio Infantry. Captain Brown commanded Company I, and Rev. Nathan S. Smith Company C, of that regiment. Captain Richard Mountjoy was in command of Company C, One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Infantry. Company K, of the First Ohio. Heavy Artillery, was from Clark county. The Thirty-fifth Battalion was organized in 1863 for "home protection," with Israel Stough as colonel, Edward M. Doty as lieutenant colonel, and Thomas W. Bown as major, 'but was finally divided, three companies going into the One Hundred and Forty-sixth Regiment, two into the One Hundred and Fifty-second, and two into the One HUndred and Fifty-third. Captain Alfred Miller's company, became Company D in the One Hundred and Forty-sixth ; Captain Alfred Bown's company joined the One Hundred and Forty-sixth. General Asa S. Bushnell's company became Company E, and Captain Charles A. Welch's company Company K, of the One Hundred and Fifty-second. Of this company the late Benjamin Head Warder, who gave the Warder library building, with the ground it occupies, to the city of Springfield, who died in Cairo, Egypt, was first lieutenant. Captain A. S. Bushnell, his partner, was afterward governor of Ohio for two terms. Captain J. L. McKinney's men went as Company E, and Captain Harrison Cross' men as Company F, in the One Hundred and Fifty-third. Company K, composed of Clark county men, joined in the One Hundred and Sixty-eighth Ohio. Clark county men also joined the One :Hundred and Sixty-eighth, and a portion the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth. John N. Worthington was the leader of the Thirteenth Missouri's band, and had a number of Clark county men with him. Clark county was honorably represented in Ohio, military organizations and in the regular army and navy. Reed Worden became a rear admiral, as also did Joseph N. Miller, now living. Both of these men rendered distinguished service to their country. After the war the Champion. City Guard, the Bushnell Guard and a well equipped battery were formed, the larger portion of whom responded promptly to the call for troops to relieve Cuba and Porto Rico from the oppression of the Spaniards, and quite a number went to the Philippines. General J. Warren Keifer went to the front as a major general. Not less than three thousand men in all represented Clark county in the Union army. Many fell in the field or died in the hospitals, and the fine bronze figure of a soldier standing in Monument Square was raised, in their honor. In connection with these hundreds of noble men and women were almost continuously engaged in gathering hospital supplies and forwarding them to the front. These deserve honorable mention. But it would require many large volumes to do justice in detail to the soldiers and citizens of Clark county. The restored and enlarged Union and its large acquisitions over which the "starry flag" now waves, and will hence- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 817 forth wave over a united people as an emblem of its integrity and greatness, are the fruits of the valor and strength of the American people, of whom the citizens of "old Clark" are an honorable part. SPRINGFIELD, OHIO, IN 1903. The recent development of the city of Springfield, Ohio, in all lines of improvement during the past three or four years while is quite remarkable, it may correspond with the development of many American cities, in an era of general prosperity, it is still, for completeness in various respects excelled by few other cities. In the first place the city building, embracing first the splendid market house, the finest in the great state of Ohio, the city hall and offices, the council chamber, armory hall, etc., built a few years ago, on ground condemned and vacated, by the city authorities at a cost of $225,000, a massive, commodious and beautiful structure, extending from Fountain Square westward to Center, is a structure that would be an honor to any city in the land. It is the official center of the city, and the city market, on the first floor, 165 feet long, with tile floor, marble counters, electric lights, and all modern features and conveniences, is not only a market place, generously supplied with the home products, fruits from all countries, but a favorite place of social resort, where citizens of all classes meet in the closest of friendly relations ; women with capacious market baskets come in fine coaches, driven by liveried coachmen, with less pretentious carriages and people on foot, throng the market, especially on Saturday evenings, when the adjoining Fountain space and the center of the city for several squares are crowded with workingmen and others, out for their table supplies for Sunday, and they evidently find what they need and desire, going homeward at a late hour with satisfied faces and hearts. As a work of art, architecturally, the Warder library building surpasses the city building. It is a "thing of beauty," and will be a "joy" so long as it stands, which will probably be for hundreds of years. It is one of the Huntington style of buildings and is a classic in stone. It is a monument to the taste and liberality of the late Benjamin Head Warder, who was one of Springfield's great manufacturers, philanthropists and citizens. The ground on which it stands is a spacious, well kept lawn and in front is a piece of fine statuary, brought from Berlin. One passing the building likes always to take a "long, lingering look." A model of taste and beauty, the spectator, if a man cr woman of refinement, never tires. Its growing collection of books is increased continually by the city authorities, and is carefully selected by the trustees, so that it is well worthy of the palace that contains them. On the opposite side of the street stands another classic in a different style—the Lagonda Club house, also an architectural ornament to the city, and also a feature of utility. On the same side of the street, farther along, stands the Federal building, secured to the city through the efforts of our former congressman, ex-speaker of the house of representatives, Major General J. Warren Keifer. It is a massive stone building in good taste, but its accommodations are restricted by the growing needs of the local postoffice department. 818 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. Our fine courthouse and its companion structure, recently constructed, on the square south. for county offices are most creditable in appearance, and models of convenience. In the courthouse are fine portraits in oil by Mr. S. J. Uhl of General George Rodgers Clark, who aided the opening of northwestern Ohio and Indiana to settlement and permanent occupation. The general courtroom has also a strong portrait in oil of the late General Samson Mason by Uhl. General Mason was one of the ablest of our lawyers and statesmen and the placing of his portrait in the courthouse was most appropriate. The new 'building is quite as ornamental as the older one. The northeast portion of the county property—Monument Square—has in its center the fine bronze monument to the dead soldiers of. Clark county, heroes of the Civil war. The grounds of the several county buildings are beautifully laid out with flowers and foliage plants and are the source of much pleasure to passers-by. The Mitchell-Thomas hospital, erected on the Sharpe property, 1903, is an evolution. First, Mr. Ross Mitchell gave the three-story building formerly owned and occupied by the late Rev. Chandler Robbins as the Greenway Boarding School, formerly famous as a boys' school, for hospital purposes; then the late John H. Thomas built an addition and the institution became known as the Mitchell-Thomas Hospital. Ultimately the late John Snyder left a million dollars to be used for hospital purposes, and the present structure now crowns the beautiful hill on which the late Judge William A. Rodgers built a residence, one of the prominent features of its day. Afterward, for many years, it was owned and occupied by the late Thomas Sharpe. It is now, in its completed state, a worthy member of Springfield's. group of beautiful public buildings and no one of them is devoted to a more humane or worthy purpose. One of the most popular and useful of our local institutions is the Young Men's Christian Association, housed in a unique and most beautiful building. That is to say, it is unlike any other structure in its Dutch style of architecture, and complete in all its appointments. Its auditorium is ample in its provision's for the comfort of the people, and every occupant has a seat that enables him (or her) to see or to hear all that is to be seen or be heard. THE FRANKENSTEINS. A most remarkable and interesting family was the Frankensteins. They came from Germany to Cincinnati many years ago and lived and died in this city. They were born artists, and self taught at that John, the eldest, was a sculptor of great merit. He spent much time in New York. He brought out, in marble, the celebrated ex-governor and ex-secretary of state, Hon. William H. Seward, and several other distinguished gentlemen. He occupied for a while a position on Governor Seward's military staff. Godfrey N. Frankenstein was a gentleman of eminent literary ability and a landscape painter of original qualities and great ability. His work may be seen in the Lagonda Club rooms and in the private houses of Hon. John Foos, C. M. Nichols and other citizens, and it is doubtful whether any finer landscapes can be found in the country. Godfrey kept "near to Nature's heart." His coloring was verv fine—really remarkable. His panorama of Niagara was indeed quite famous ; an immense piece of canvas that THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 819 was exhibited to the delight of all who saw it, in various cities of the country. Godfrey spent much time abroad and painted some Alpine views of great merit. George L. Frankenstein lived in Springfield many years, and then went to New York. He was, for a series of years, editor of the Sandusky Daily Register, and afterward became a theatrical critic in New York on the Turf, Field and Farm, and also painted landscape pictures of high merit in addition. Gustavus S. Frankenstein, the youngest brother, resided in Springfield, finally dying in Cincinnati. He was a man of genius in various lines. He was a fine painter, his work on seacoast, marine views, attracting much attention. He was really a great mathematician, and also an author of some fame. Eliza Frankenstein was also a painter of decided merit and a lady of culture and refinement. Her younger sister was also a painter. GEORGE WALLACE. George Wallace was a prominent pioneer citizen. He was a railroad builder and contractor and constructed the Mad River Railroad, now the Springfield & Sandusky branch of the Big Four system of roads. He was a man of high character. He was a native of Scotland. DAVID THATCHER. David Thatcher came to Springfield from Cincinnati and was a gentleman of a large degree of public spirit. He was very prominent in the movement to build the original "Lagonda House" hotel, which was afterward burned, and the site of which is occupied by the Bookwalter Hotel. He was a gentleman of very popular qualities. Mrs. Thatcher is now living. PETER A. SCHINDLER. A man of great and wide influence for good in many ways was Peter A. Schindler. He built up the great English Lutheran Sunday-school until it had over one thousand pupils and teachers. He ;was an old-fashioned singer, with a strong voice and stirring enthusiasm. Mr. Schindler was born on a farm near Middletown, Maryland, October 15, 1820. His father, John Schindler, was born in Germany, in 1790, and died in this city, as did his son, at a good old age. John. Schindler's father and mother died on the ocean trip and were buried at sea. John was the only survivor of the passengers, but found his way to the home of an uncle, in Frederick county, Maryland. He left Maryland for Ohio in 1852. Peter A. Schindler at an early age evinced much musical genius. In October, 185o, Peter also came to Ohio, teaching vocal music in the city and county. After spending a few years in the furniture trade, Mr. Schindler engaged in the manufacture of white (a Milwaukee) brick, in the western part of the city near the Erie passenger station. A fine large block constructed of this style of brick may still be seen, in good condition, at Elyria, Ohio. Afterward he went into the undertaking business with his son. In 1852 Mr. Schindler was married to his second wife, the widow of Rev. Dr. Ezra Keller, the first president and founder of Witten- 820 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD. berg College. In: October, 1889, he married a third wife, Mrs. Elizabeth Martin, who died February 17, 1890. HON. DOUGLAS W. RAWLINGS. Hon. Douglas W. Rawlings figured largely in the political affairs of Clark and adjoining counties. He was first a member of the Ohio house of representatives and afterward of the senate. He was the principal author of what was called the Rawlings Mr. Rawlings was a veteran soldier in the Civil war and served under General Butler along the Jaynes and Appomattox 'rivers. He Was a gentleman of high personal qualities and of decided ability. His wife and several children survive him. WILLIAM R. SMITH. William R. Smith was one of Springfield's pioneer railroad men. He was associated with George Wallace in railroad building. He was born in the city of Glasgow in 1829. He came to Brockville, Canada, at an early age and joined a surveying expedition and assisted in making preliminary survey through the northern portion of the states of New York and Pennnsylvania of the Buffalo & State Line Railroad, now the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. Mr. Smith afterward entered the employ of the Mad River Railroad sCompany at Sandusky, under the direction of Mr. Wallace. In October, 1851, he came to Springfield and became connected with the construction department of the lines between Springfield and Delaware and Springfield and Loudon. In the. summer of 1854 he visited his native land, Scotland. Returning to Springfield, he soon became ticket agent of what was then the Mad River & Lake Erie Railroad Company at this point and later took the agency of the Springfield & Delaware road. He afterward became connected with the Little Miami road. In 1881 Mr. Smith entered the employ of the Springfield Water Works Company, and ultimately became secretary and superintendent, a post which he filled for many years with great fidelity to his duties and with great acceptance to the general public. THOMAS SHARP. Thomas Sharp was born in Cincinnati, April 28, 1814. His father, who was born in Holland, carried the name of Sharpen-stein. The son. moved from Cincinnati to Springfield and 'became a prominent figure in social and business circles. He was originally in the retail and wholesale trade, in Cincinnati. Visiting Springfield, he was attracted by what is now called the Sharp property on Clifton street, built by the late Judge William A. Rodgers, and purchased it. It is the property now occupied by the Mitchell-Thomas Hospital, a fine architectural ornament to the city and a useful institution. Mr. Sharp was a liberal member of the High street Methodist Episcopal church. ROBERT C. WOODWARD. Robert C. Woodward was chiefly known as the librarian of the Warder public library, which position he occupied for many years. He was born in Springfield. June 3, 1829. THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 821 He was the son of Jacob S. Woodward, and Sarah Christie. His father died when he was only three months old, but as his mother was a capable and very intelligent Christian woman, he was thoroughly and properly trained. He was given a good education and became a writer of much merit. He was at one time a compositor in the Republic concern and afterward a news foreman. Still later he acquired a commercial education and became a stenographer. He was married twice. He was a bookseller in this city and at Lima, Ohio.. As a librarian he showed an intelligent conception of his work and kept abreast of the times. JOHN LUDLOW. John Ludlow was one of the most useful and honored citizens that ever lived in Clark county. He was much interested in its his- tory, growth and prosperity. His father, Cooper Ludlow, was born in New Jersey, June 11th, 1783. John Ludlow was born in this (Clark) county December 8, 1810, and he gained his education in one of the primitive log schoolhouses. He was, however, a man superior to his surroundings and developed into a strong man. On reaching maturity he chose the profession of a druggist. He acquired a pharmaceutical education in Cincinnati. After several changes he became the sole proprietor of the pioneer drug store. In 1851 he was elected a director of the Springfield Bank and upon the death of Judge Oliver Clark became its president, filling the position with honor for many years. Mr. Ludlow was married August 31st, 1835, to Miss Elmina Getman, of Herkimer county', New York, and Mr. and Mrs. Ludlow had three children : -Ellen, wife of ex-Governor Asa S. Bushnell, Frederick, who resides in California; and Charles Ludlow, of this city. He was for fourteen years treasurer of the Clark County Bible Society. For over forty years he was a prominent and efficient member of Christ Episcopal church. His ,wife was also a consistent and useful member. Mr. Ludlow was one of the projectors of the beautiful and matchless Ferncliff cemetery, was one of its first directors and was for many years president of the cemetery association. He was noted for his liberality and public spirit and has ever been foremost in using his means for the development of the business interests of the city. He Was a gentleman of popular qualities and it is not known that he ever had an enemy. THOMAS BIDWELL PEET. Thomas Bidwell Peet was born in Chenango county, New York. He came direct to Ohio and then went to Illinois. Jasper W., the father of Thomas. B., was a business man, and first carried on a stove store, and afterward a book store, at an early day in this city. He died here at about the age of seventy-five years. He had two sons, Thomas B. and. Lucius W. The last named died in 1876. Thomas B. followed his father in the stove and tin business and ultimately became a partner of C. A. Schuester, under the style The Peet & Schuester Company. Mr. Peet married Angeline Raymond, of Chenango county, New York, and had two daughters, Mrs. Sarah Kershner, who died in Colorado, and Mrs. Florence M. Raymond, of Las Angeles, California. Thomas B. brought Mr. Schuester here from Buffalo and employed him in the stove and tinware business and the concern was 822 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD built up to large proportions by the two gentlemen. Mr. Peet finally, on account of ill health, spent some years in, California, where he died in 1894. When Thomas B. and his father were associated in business they erected the building at No. 28 South Fountain avenue and occupied it from that time. He was always an upright business man. At an earlier period he was employed by the James Leffel Company as bookkeeper. He was well educated. He was a man of domestic habits and never sought any prominence, giving his whole attention to carrying on and building up the interests of his concern. He stood high in the business community and had the confidence of all. WALTER L. WEAVER. Walter L. Weaver, was born in Montgomery county, Ohio, April I, 1851, and was the youngest child of Rev. John S., and Amanda Hurin Weaver. His father was a. prominent minister of the Presbyterian church. His mother was a daughter of Silas Hurin, one of the founders of the town of Lebanon, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools. Monroe Academy, and Wittenberg College, graduating from the latter institution in 1870. He immediately began the study of the law in the office of Major General J. Warren Keifer, and maintained himself while so engaged by newspaper work for the Daily Advertiser and Daily Republic. He was admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of his native state, in the spring of 1872, since which time he has continuously practiced his profession. He was elected prosecuting attorney for Clark county, Ohio. in 1874, and again elected to the same office in 1880, 1882, and 1885. He was elected to the Fifty-fifth congress and re-elected to the Fifty-sixth congress. At the expiration of his second term he returned to Springfield, which has been his home since 1865. On the first day of July, 1902, he was appointed by President Roosevelt Associate Justice of the Choctaw and Chickasaw citizenship court, his appointment was confirmed on the same day it was made, and he is now performing the duties of his office. J. M. RUTHRAUFF. Rev. John Mosheim Ruthrauff, A. M., D. D., president of Wittenberg College, was born in Stark. county, Ohio, January 13, 1846. Rev, John Ruthrauft is a son of John and Lydia (Everhart) Ruthrauff. His father was a native of Pennsylvania and his mother was born in Stark county, Ohio. Her parents emigrated from Washington county. Pennsylvania, to Stark county, Ohio, in the year 1808. He spent his . early life on a farm, attending the public school until the age of seventeen, when he attended Green-burg Academy. Although but a boy, he enlisted in Company E, One Hundred and Sixty-second Ohio National Guard, in 1864, and served his country four months as a soldier. The following winter he was a student in Mount Union College. During the autumn of 1865-6 he was enrolled in the Wittenberg preparatory department. He spent the winter of 1866-'67 in teaching a district school, returning to Wittenberg the following spring. He was then a regular student at Wittenberg until his graduation in 1871. One year later he graduated from the Theological Seminary and immediately went to Louisville, Kentucky, as a home missionary, where he organized the first general synod church. In the fall of 1874 he ac- THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD - 823 cepted a call to Circleville, Ohio, but resigned two years later on account of failing health. During the four succeeding years he was pastor of the church at Washington, Ohio, going from there to Circleville the second time and remaining nearly five years. In May, 1879, he was married to Miss Sarah E. Morrison, of Constantine, Michigan. Three children are the result of this marriage: William M., twenty-one years old; Nellie May, eighteen years old; and John M., r., fifteen years old. Going to Dixon, Illinois, as pastor of St. Paul's church, in 1885, he remained in that capacity ten years. While pastor at Dixon he founded Rock River Assembly, of which he was president seven years. He was elected president of Carthage College, May 31, 1895. This position he filled admirably until called to the head of our own college, October 1st, 1900. He was once president of Miami Synod, twice president of the synod of northern Illinois, and five times a delegate to the general synod. At the time of his election to the presidency of \Vittenberg College he was a member of the committee appointed by the college section of the Illinois Teachers' Association to draft a uniform scale of requirements for college entrance. The students and faculty of Wittenberg extend him the glad hand of welcome, and most earnestly wish him a continuation of his past success. He died May 6, 1902, since the above was written. JONAH BALDWIN. Jonah Baldiwn, pioneer of an honored fraternity, was 'born in Berkeley county, Virginia, February 2, 1777. His father, Will- iam Baldwin, came from England, and his mother was Jane nee Hedges. William was a tanner. Jonah was a saddler, but never worked at his trade here, but came 'bringing saddles to sell. He afterward entered government land, located near New Moorefield, where he farmed and bought and sold stock and drove the stock to eastern markets. In early days he was a United States commissioner, having charge of the laying and constructing of roads in Ohio and Indiana. He was a justice of the peace for many years and kept a tavern in a house located about where Ludlow's drug store building now stands. It was the first two-story frame house built in the town. In 1827 he removed to King's Creek, Champaign county, and carried on a large stock farm. He returned to Springfield in 1835 and removed to Pleasant township in 1839. He was educated in the private schools in Winchester. He was strictly temperate and much opposed to the use of alcoholic liquors in any way. He was positive in manner and very strict, honest and consciousness. He was an Episcopalian in religious belief and was a member of the first Episcopal church vestry. The first church building was located on the southwest corner of High and Limestone streets. His wife was the first person confirmed in the church. He was naturally religious but never made much outward profession. He married his first wife—Sarah Scott—in 1809. He had three children: Jane, who married Duke Moore, of Harrison county, Kentucky; Nancy, who married Josephus Perrine and lived in Columbusville, Kentucky. Joseph lived in Springfield. He married Eliza Bacon, daughter of John Bacon, for many years 824 - THE BIOGRAPHICAL RECORD president of the First National Bank. His second wife was Amelia Needham, daughter of Dr. Wm. A. Needham, in 1823. Sarah married J. V. Cartmell and resided in Springfield. Minerva married Rev. J. T. Bail and Elizabeth married Rev. W. J. Van Meter. Henry is a practicing physician. He was one of the organizers of the first Masonic lodge, which met in Urbana, and preceded Clark Lodge, holding the office of junior warden. He read much and was well informed and much interested in politics, was an old Whig and afterward much interested in the Civil war, although a very old man. He died March 28, 1865.