500 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY the worst," and Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote : "I like books. I was born and bred among them, and have the easy feeling when I get in their presence that a stable boy has among horses." Robert Louis Stevenson once said : "Every book is a circular letter to the friends of him who writes it," and Socrates sums up everything, saying: "Employ your time in improving yourselves by other men's documents," notwithstanding the library patron who read Shakespeare as it came out in the magazines, and who read the Waverly newspaper but failed to see why a book should be made of it. The librarian frequently plays the role of interpreter when patrons are seeking information, and while one asked for "The Four Horsemen of the Erysipelas," another wanted some "jazzy" poems. When a woman asked for "Speckles" the attendant supplied her with "Freckles," and the saying holds that as a tree is known by its fruit, library patrons are judged by the books they read, and there are some who ask for the classics—standard novels, and literature that has stood the test of time. Is the following quotation wholly true : "Among the most patient and obliging persons in public service, and among the least appreciated, are the library attendants who will give any one references for information?" The peripatetic found Miss Burrowes interested in assembling the following information about local books and writers. A number of Springfield and Clark County citizens have felt the burden of a cause, and given a message to the world in addition to those mentioned in connection with reference publications, among them : Nathaniel Clark Burt, D. D., who wrote "Far East," "The Land and Its Story," and "Redemption's Dawn." George Philip Krapp, mentioned in "Who's Who," wrote : "Authority of Law in Language," "Elements of English Grammar," "In Oldest Eng- land," "Modern English, Its Growth and Present Use," "Pronunciation of Standard English in America," "Rise of English Literary Prose," and "Tales of True Knights." Dr. Benjamin F. Prince edited "The Centennial Celebration of Springfield," as already mentioned, and wrote : "The Rescue Case of 1857," "The Influence of the Church in the Organization of Modern Europe," "Beginnings of Lutheranism in Ohio," and "Theological Education in Wittenberg College." Alma Paschall in collaboration with Frances B. Pearson wrote : "The Thrift Twins," the credit due to Miss Paschall. William Allen Rogers, mentioned in "Who's Who," wrote "America's Black and White Book-100 Pictured 'Reasons Why We Are at War," and "Hits at Politics—a series of cartoons (drawings in Sarbonne), see Miss E." Gilbert L. Wilson wrote : "Agriculture of the Hidatsa Indians," being an Indian interpretation ; "Studies in Social Science, No. 9, University of Minnesota," "Goodbird, the Indian," "Indian Hero Tales," "Myths of the Red Children," illustrated by his brother, Fred N. Wilson, and "Wancence, an Indian Girl's Story." Gen. J. Warren Keifer wrote : "Slavery and Four Years of War." Hon. John W. Bookwalter wrote : "Canyon and Crater," "Siberia and Central Asia," and "Rural vs. Urban." Clifton M. Nichols wrote : "Life of Lincoln," and "Sumner's Campaign, 1864." SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 501 Mrs. Willis Haines Miller wrote : "Mrs. Cherry's Sister," "His Cousin," "The Doctor," "Pilgrim's Vision," and "The Silent Land." Mother Stewart (Mrs. Elizabeth D. Stewart) wrote: "Memories of the Crusade," and "The Crusader in Great Britain." R. T. Kelly wrote : "History of the Kelly Family." Mrs. George Runyan wrote : "Four Hundred Years of America." Dr. John Scott wrote : "Land of Sojourn." Dr. Alexander Clark wrote : "Workday Christianity," "Gospel in Trees," and "Old Log House." Anson A. Card wrote : "My Friend Bill." Belle M. Brain wrote : "Holding the Ropes," "Redemption of the Red Man," "Transformation of Hawaii," "Fifty Missionary Stories," "Fuel for Missionary Fires," and "Love Stories of Great Missionaries." Robert D. Brain wrote : "Message from Mars," and he is a contributor to music periodicals. Prof. E. S. Todd wrote : "Sociological Study of Clark County." Thomas F. McGrew wrote : "Letters from Europe." Prof. K. E. R. Hoechdorfer wrote : "Introductory Studies in German." Mrs. Lida Keck Wiggins, the People's Poet, wrote : "A Study in Psychology—Know Thy Neighbor," "Biography and Review Paul Laurance Dunbar's Poetry," and at Christmastide for ten years Mrs. Wiggins has issued a booklet of poetry for three years she has written a daily newspaper poem, and she writes signed editorials. Dr. M. J. Firey wrote : "Infant Baptism." Rev. G. N. H. Peters wrote : "Theocratic Kingdom," three volumes. Elliott B. Henderson wrote : "Collection of Poems." Lawrence Russell : Dramatic writer. Dorothy Gish : Dramatic critic. Kate Kaufman wrote : "As Nature Prompts." Dr. George H. Packenberg wrote : "Medical Consultation Book." Dr. Samuel Sprecher wrote: "Groundwork of the System of Evangelical Lutheran Theology." R. S. Thompson wrote : "Temperance," and "Sucker's Visit to Mammoth Cave." W. H. C. Dodson wrote: "Original Poems." J. J. Greer wrote : "Beyond the Lines," and "A Yank Prisoner in Dixie." Paul Showell wrote : Poems of various characters. Rev. J. B. Helwig wrote : "Romanism." Wad Beach wrote : "Indian History." William T. Coggeshall wrote stories and romances and of the poets of the West. J. K. Dodge wrote : "Red Men of the Ohio Valley." Oscar T. Martin wrote : "History of Springfield," in Beer's History. Harry Rice wrote : "Eve an Evangelist." Virgil Coblentz wrote : "Handbook of Pharmacy." Dr. E. A. Steiner, once local minister, wrote : "Trail of the Immigrant," and "Tolstoi, the Man." Dr. David H. Bauslin wrote: "The Ministry an Attractive Vocation," and "The Lutheran Movement of the Sixteenth Century." Rev. C. H. Small wrote : "Cornerstone of Faith." George S. Dial wrote : "Religious Corporations." 502 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY Prof. M. Diehl wrote: "The Life of Dr. Ezra Keller." Judge W. M. Rockel wrote : "Twentieth Century History," "Questions Selected from Supreme Court Reports," and jointly with Judge Charles R. White : "Complete Guide for Township Officers," "Complete Ohio Probate Practice," "Ohio School Code," and "Guide for Executors and Administrators." Dr. Samuel Sprecher wrote : "The Groundwork of Theology." Rev. Leander S. Keyser wrote : "Books on Birds and Bird Life," "Birds of the Rockies," "Bird-dom," "Contending for the Faith," "Election and Conversion," "In Bird Land," "Only Way Out," "Our Bird Comrades," "News From the Birds," "Rational Test," "System of Christian Ethics," "System of Christian Evidence," and "System of Natural Theism." Dr. Henry Tuckley wrote : "Latter Day Events." Rev. Thomas Harrison wrote : "Testimonies in Favor of Religion." Samuel Harvey (Albert Reeder's South Charleston book) once wrote and published an Arithmetic—not found in libraries. Hamilton Busbey was a Civil war correspondent whose letters were published in The Springfield Republic and Louisville Democrat ; he has written much for turf papers, and some magazine articles. Some one pays him this tribute : "In a long and active career he has written unnum- bered words which, through the medium of the types, have commanded the attention of millions of thoughtful readers." At the age of eighty-one years Mr. Busbey attended the Yarnf est at the Chamber of Commerce. While Miss Burrowes explained that a number of local publications were by Wittenberg College professors, the Wittenberg scenario shows a tableful of them, even connecting the Standard Dictionary with the college because Isaac H. Funk and A. W. Wagnalls, of Funk & Wagnalls, publishers, were Wittenberg students. Charles S. Kay, who is widely read as a local feature writer, says : "No anthology of American literature is complete without these names," adding : "Within a radius of fifty miles from the City of Springfield flourished in the not distant past such writers as Whitelaw Reid, Coates Kinney, the brilliant family of Plattes, James H. Hyslop, Dr. Washington Gladden, Thomas C. Harbaugh, Paul Laurence Dunbar (colored), John G. Beatty, Julius Chambers, Paul Kester, William Dean Howells, Alice Archer, Sewell James and Frederich Ridgely Torrence." Mr. Kay says : "The idea was conceived at one time to place upon the shelves of the Warder Free Library every accessible book written by a Clark County writer ; that proposition is worthy of realization. * * * A cursory view of the branches of literature enriched by Clark County writers embraces theology, philosophy, prophecy, education, nature study, travel, poetry and fiction. * * * The Clark County Historical Society has in charge a number of pamphlets and minor treaties of great historical value, which have been prepared from time to time by local writers ; care should be taken to preserve and index these sources of information for use by the future historian." While the gleaner had access to all those publications, when he returned them he deposited many others gathered from different sources, with the society. When Isaac H. Funk was mentioned then occurred the name of J. S. Crowell, and it is said that when he disposed of his holdings in The Crowell Publishing Company in Springfield it was a "Million Dollar 504 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY Corporation," An old account says : "The Crowell Publishing Company had its beginning at the old P. P. Mast and Company's plant ; the first floor was given over to publishing The Farm and Fireside, and the second to the executive offices. After one year the concern moved to the Republic office on the site of the Bushnell building ; it remained there six months. Then it purchased its present site, upon which today is one of the largest magazine publishing establishments in the world. P. P. Mast and Company became Mast, Crowell and Kirkpatrick, but after the death of Mr. Mast it became The Crowell Publishing Company." The Crowell Publishing Company issues Farm and Fireside, Woman's Home Companion, American Magazine, Mentor, and until the World war it published Every Week, and is now publishing Collier's Weekly. The labor question is satisfactorily solved by assembling so many publications, making Springfield a mecca for printers. The Crowell Publishing Company is the biggest patron of the Springfield postoffice department, having a branch office in the plant, where the output is weighed and put into the mails. The Crowell Publishing Company furnishes eighty percent of the local mailing business ; it employs 1300 people, and it publishes 600,000 magazine copies each month. While it maintains its mechanical and subscription departments in Springfield, the editorial office is in New York City. It is a stock company, incorporated at $2,450,000, with some preferred stock held in Springfield. The Hosterman Publishing Company publishes Poultry Success, a monthly periodical, and The Implement Age Company publishes The Implement and Tractor Age—a trade periodical twice a month—all other Springfield publications being monthly. Dr. Isaac Kay and Samuel Miller have written much reminiscent matter that has been helpful in assembling data, and many have expressed a desire to have something carried along from the past of the eccentric Reuben Miller, one time a teacher and later a justice of the peace, who had the habit of scribbling original things on the margin of the court docket ; since he was a member of the Methodist Church it has been suggested that there is little doubt about the accuracy of his notes, and July 6, 1866, a docket entry read : "I do hereby certify that John Maccabbee and Mary E. Sterling were legally united in marriage by me on the 5 day of July," and as was his custom, he appended the following bit of illuminating poetry : "A Sterling woman once was she, And now her name is Maccabee, And he has found a Sterling bride By him to firmly stand beside ; And now united may they be, To sail o'er life's tempestuous sea, Till they shall reach a world of bliss Where everlasting pleasure is." While doing some plumbing in a basement in Springfield, George Ridenour discovered a book lying on the debris ready to be put in the furnace which he offered to the gleaner, but since it proved to be a collection of essays and sermons it was added to the Historical Society collection ; the sermons are of the "fire and brimstone" variety, not the "sugar-coated" gospel so pleasing to the ear, and the theology of the past is preserved in them. SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 505 Reuben Miller had a son, John C. Miller, who had some inclination to write poetry, and typewritten copies of his poem : "A Rose From the Grave of Homer," are treasured in Springfield, the gleaner seeing the copy owned by Judge G. W. Tehan. Both father and son had marked ability—could put anything into rhythm—and while Reuben Miller did not acquire wealth he was a "consistent citizen and strong Methodist ; he flourished in the '30s, '40s, '50s and died in the '60s—a good man in his day," and the epitaph of Reuben Miller written by him for his monument is found elsewhere in this history. While W. H. Rayner does not often write poetry, he penned the following parody which reflects local conditions : "I would build my house by the side of the road, Where the automobiles go by ; For their honk and kronk, and their merry whiz Is music to such as I. "I mind not the dust of the speeding cars, Nor the noise of the big machines ; I am fond of the smoke, (it is no joke) Of the burning gasoline. "So I will live in my house by the side of the road As I cover life's brief span ; For the honk of the auto sounds good to me— Aye, I am the gasoline man." When Mrs. Lida Keck Wiggins was asked for a poem suited to the pages of history, she told of an incident in a chapel near North Hampton, a candle carried by J. N. Miller when her father, Rev. H. M. Keck, was the minister, and she contributed the following lines : "Of pioneer days I am thinking tonight With heart touched e'en to the quick, For on my table, there stands as I write An old-fashioned candlestick. And the story goes that in days gone by When my grandsire was in his prime, He carried this candlestick with him to church, At candle-lightin' time, For so dim was the light in that chapel small, That one was obliged to hold The candlestick close to his singing-book, To read those dear hymns of old. Oh sweet was my grandfather's voice, and clear As bells in a steeple chime, As he sang of faith in a God of love, At candle-lightin' time. 506 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY I can see him now through the mists of years Heroic and brave and grand, With a smile on his lips, and his soul in his eyes, And the candlestick in his hand. Oh candlestick old of my grandfather's day, You have taught me a truth sublime, Found in the tale of the service you wrought At candle-lightin' time. 'Tis this—if we all with a smile of faith Through the world would bravely go, And each one a candle might hold aloft That others might see and know. Then each one might say when life's day was done, As he of this little rhyme, `Thank God, I've a light to read me a song,' At candle-lightin' time." CHAPTER LVII INTELLECTUAL AND CIVIC LIFE—SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY While in the past some pursuits and pleasures were open to men and others to women, time, the great leveler, has changed conditions and men and women engage in whatever suits their convenience or their fancy today; there is no sex intellectual or civic activities in Springfield and Clark County today. The Rev. Saul Henkle, who gave color to a good many phases of early community development in Springfield, wrote in 1828 that "A literary society was formed, but a few evenings ago it was found dead. The coroner said, 'Dropsy of the brain.' " In 1829 he referred to it again saying : "The reading room of the literary society formed a few weeks since is only kept from freezing by having newspapers wrapped about it ; if it can be gotten through the winter, we hope to see it in a more prosperous state." The man with this keen edge of sarcasm walked into the community while his wife and infant child accompanied him riding a family horse, and he seemed to enter into everything. Notwithstanding the Rev. Saul Henkle and his wholesale denunciations, in 1829 the Springfield Lyceum, organized November 22, 1832, attracted some of the foremost people in the community. E. H. Cummings, who studied law and later changed to the ministry, was president, and John A. Warder was secretary. While nothing is said about women, the society was organized to inject new social interest ; it adopted a constitution and a code of by-laws, and December 11, 1832, its first public meeting was held in the Presbyterian Church. Dr. Samuel Ellis, who was a Springfield public school teacher, discussed the question : "Is the reading of novels beneficial ?" In the chapter on libraries is mention of another lyceum organized with the specific purpose of promoting a Springfield library, and from a stray note it would seem that it might have been the rejuvenated lyceum organized in 1832, and at one time Horace Greeley appeared bef ore this lyceum. He was in Springfield in 1849 and after that year there is no further record of the organization. PRESENT DAY CONDITIONS In writing of local social conditions, Charles S. Kay says : "Considerable opportunity to judge at first hand the growth of the community spirit in this immediate region, comprising the counties of Clark, Champaign and Logan, has convinced us that there is great promise of good in this respect. The various fraternal, social, business and church clubs, as well as municipal leagues and rural community centers, are contributing much to the furtherance of good government, local enterprise and social solidarity. We have found in these localities enthusiastic bodies of men and women devoted to the cultivation of sound business and social ethics, progressive Americanism, and thoroughgoing cooperation. * * * In many communities there is a lack of cooperative effort looking to community betterment, largely owing to failure in bringing the - 507 - 508 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY men of the town into more intimate social relationship; they do not affiliate because they do not know each other. "The wave of influence going out from the resolute cultivation of the social element, directed by sane, broad-minded men, will be powerful for good ; available for use in many ways, to enlarge the horizon of the members, and to bring about needed reforms in local administration, untrammeled by party ambitions and petty class jealousies. Communities that have not yet effected organizations should do so at once, and all attempts for the furtherance of selfish personal ambitions should be resisted ; patriotism, public spirit, fraternity and genuine friendship should be kept to the fore, and emphasized at all times." While men and women long out of school hold membership in the intellectual and civic organizations, they are the type who recognize life as the true university ; however, those who had college training appreciate these social opportunities of personal improvement and advancement, and until comparatively recent years mention of a club reflected a woman's organization. The Woman's Relief Corps organized nationally in 1868 by Mrs. Olive Logan, soon had an organization in Springfield, and while it is not a study club, it is perhaps the oldest woman's organization in Clark County. It is the auxiliary of the Grand Army of the Republic, the men and the women being brought together socially immediately after the Civil war. Although bearing a New York headline the following appeared in a Springfield newspaper : "Not so many years ago the man of eccentric or slovenly dress was just as apt as not to be a celebrity of some kind or other, and not an object of pity in his community," and genius in Springfield has been described in similar terms. "According to clothing merchants it took some time to change this idea, and to show that a neat appearance was not incompatible with the possession of real talent along professional lines ; however, the thought is now rather common that a man's prosperity is reflected in his clothes. Manufacturers and dealers SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 509 have advanced the argument," and the day has come when the banker is not necessarily distinguished from the farmer, nor is the country woman distinguished from the woman in the town by her gowns. Why not credit the following to the clubs : "The matter of dress has been one of the prime lessons taken from the purely commercial field to professional life ; the doctor, lawyer, architect, teacher and other prof essional men have come to realize that it is a matter almost of embarrassment to them to continue any dress eccentricity ; they must mingle at the club, in the theater and the restaurants—" and was the following ever true : "Eccentricity of dress was a mild f orm of publicity for those denied other means of advertising themselves." A fashion squib says man's cupidity is blamed for immodest dress in women, declaring : "The length of the skirt, etc.," is a subject on which women are not consulted—that "The bared neck is nothing less than a trick of the furrier and the jeweler ; the neck and chest are bared to give commercial tricksters an increased demand for their wares." SPRINGFIELD SOCIAL STANDARDS Prior to the first American Centennial in Philadelphia in 1876, and reflected in smaller way in Springfield, there was little social life ; those who went in the foremost society when Springfield was a village knew nothing about card parties : they would have looked upon bridge whist and euchre parties as—while sometimes there were home games of cards, there was no prize money, and such a suggestion would have shocked them. They knew about quilting and apple-paring-and-cutting bees, bothing about cards. "Martha, 1/IiMartha, thou has troubled thyself about many things," and just as the costumes worn than are changed the amusements and pastimes have undergone evolution ; they had not dreamed of galoshes and flappers. Once Springfield society made more of May Day and Hallowe'en, and each age is happy in its amusements. While some may suffer f rom decoritis—too much ornamental folderol—a platform woman says : "No woman looks well unless she understands posture and carriage ; instead of dressing from the outside—" and the club does afford the woman some criterion, and the speaker said : "Women are in the habit of paying most for the dress they wear the least—the Sunday dress and the party gown," and many intellectual women leave such matters to their costumers. Springfield society was more informal "years ago." Once guests came unexpectedly, but now they wait for invitations, and since intellectual life suggests the school, the church or the press—it is a safe statement that the clubs attract the wives of educators, pulpiteers, editors and advance thought women whatever their social station. An hour spent together in study means more to them than "just to run in with a sunbonnet on," as was once the universal custom. At a recent club when fifty Springfield women were present, it developed that only two served three meals a day in their homes, and thus they found time for social privileges and church duties ; however, "mere men" find excellent lunchrooms in Springfield, and they willingly exempt their wives from the routine of meals in order that they may have time for mental pursuits. There is a mental as well as a physical side to human nature, and while in the wilderness days the wife was a "helpmeet" to her husband, using her strength in overcoming pioneer conditions—the mothers 510 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY of that period hoped for something better for their daughters—and wives are still "helpmeets," although the environment is changed and many men prefer their wives to enjoy social advantages unknown to their mothers. When the mothers made all the garments worn in the family by hand, there were no theaters, no clubs, and as civilization advances the social status advances with it. When showers and announcement parties were unknown, there were more elopements—run away with a girl, quite the heroic thing—and the social set married younger "years ago." When formal visits are made cards are left—certain rules governing the card question, cards for the husband and cards for the wives—and when formal visits are made the time is limited, and reputations are comparatively safe under such arrangements. A generation ago a woman brought her needlework or her knitting; she had not thought about cards as necessary to impress upon her hostess the fact of her visit. The time was spent in gossip—discussion of possible rumors—because a liberal education had not yet revolutionized soicety. There were not so many newspapers and magazines, and the neighborly visit with its attendant conversation was then a physical necessity. Dancing parties had not yet claimed the attention of society—the best people did not dance—and when ladies began wearing decollette gowns their amusements were still in the nature of music and repartee and then nobody discussed the length—a woman's dress like a sermon, should be long enough to cover the subject. The modest women of a generation ago was very unlike the modest woman of today. While there always have been families in Springfield who carried out social ideas on big scales, the women of the present have an environment very different from that surrounding their mothers ; the hospital has relieved them from ministering to the sick, and the daily newspaper brings them tidings from the world. The telephone service relieves the woman from dressing for the street in planning social functions, and under the new order of things she has more time for self-improvement and culture. While some lament the passing of the old-fashioned hospitality and sociability, other welcome the change as a forward movement. When women confronted the suffrage question in 1920, the club woman knew more about nationalism and internationalism from having already established the study habit—were women of "steady habits"—and they handled ballots as readily as practiced voters. While all political parties shared the support of the club women of Clark County, and a precedent is now established, the leaders in thought recognize the fact that womanhood must measure up to the high standards —that public servants must not be guilty of blunders—and they are fitting themselves for future opportunities of usefulness. In Springfield women have entered business, and they hold positions of much responsibility. Since they are equal to men the self-respecting women do not demand that men doff their hats, but the self-respecting men still have their chivalrous, attitude toward womanhood. The modern woman who pursues the even tenor of her way, answers the question about the loss of femininity being a loss to society. The cabin woman smoked a pipe, and the flapper smokes cigarettes—fashion, comfort, habit—those who follow the crowd soon losing their identity, and there is need of both "conformation and transformation" with discretion, and women are studying the conditions confronting them. SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 511 BIRTH OF THE WOMAN'S CLUB In a poem once published in Judge, and later in The Springfield Sun, Mrs. Lila Keck Wiggins writes : "There's a crimson star on a field of white, And 'twas fashioned for poster roomy ; This lovely old quilt of the long ago That grandmother's will left to me. Many's the year since her fingers deft, Cut out the gay little patches ; But her skillful work a token left ; Which nothing that's modern matches. Her 'blocks' completed, and neatly joined, Her lifts a lullaby lilting; She set up her frames in the siting room, And asked her friends to the quilting. They came in their pretty, starched calicoes, And worked with bright faces glowing— So happy that under their fingers white, A beautiful thing was growing. Today as I look at that star-decked quilt, I see in those departed, When each worked for all and all for each— The Women's Club getting started." "The best laid plans of mice and men gang aft aglee," and the "mother of clubs" in Springfield failed to proclaim her identity—hence no definite information is available, further than the fact that the quilting once brought Springfield women together. Miss Anna B. Johnson, president of the City Federation of Women's Clubs, and sometime president of the Ohio Federation of Women's Clubs, in reviewing the work of 1921 in Springfield, said : "It has been our purpose to make our relationship to the community one of helpfulness and service. * * * We have accomplished some things and left undone others ; there has been cooperation among club women which has made results possible. "As we enter 1922 we think we see opportunity in which the eager intelligence, interest and general service of 5,000 women ought to be felt in our civic life ; with the program enlarged to meet the plan of work suggested by the General Federation of Women's Clubs, we are confident the City Federation may enlarge its vision, and place to its credit a larger field of usefulness ; we hope to see in its ranks every woman's organization in the city." There are twenty-one clubs in the federation which fostered two women candidates for membership in the Board of Education, and the women of Springfield usually attain to their aims. Miss Johnson outlined a proposed survey of the entire county in welfare work enlisting every social agency in discovering disabled and crippled persons, local organization to care for children, and the state to aid in the care of adults who need medical or surgical attention. 512 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY The City Federation of Clubs' members are Springfield boosters, and an admiring friend writes : "The club of the modern woman is not a thing to be ridiculed and scorned, as were many of the literary, sewing and bridge clubs of a few years ago. The club of the modern woman is a boon ; the home woman does not neglect it for the club, but she seeks the club for relaxation. The club women have been tried and not found wanting," and the newspaper reporter who writes of clubs appreciates uniformity in the size of Year Books, in preserving them for reference. While there are card and needle clubs, the City Federation includes study clubs with some definite plan, and writing on the subject some years ago, Mrs. E. L. Buchwalter speaks of New York and Boston as having clubs in 1868, although it is generally understood that the first public library and the first woman's club in the United States were at New Harmony, Indiana. Mrs. Buchwalter relates that there were both men and women in Springfield's first literary club, but its records are a minus quantity. It existed in the '70s, when the Waverly novels were being read and their author as yet unknown. He was designated as the Great Unknown, and this Springfield club assumed that name—Great Unknown. Henry G. Rodgers read many papers, and Miss Helen McBeth, who was a musician, wrote poetry for the meetings. Mrs. Lott Clarke gave Shakespearean readings, and other members were the Warders, Brookes, and Bishops—just some remembered facts without any written data about it. In 1878 the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle was organized in Springfield by Mrs. Ruth A. Worthington, who was a teacher in the seminary. It was named the Worthington Chautauqua in her honor. For many years the Chautauqua was known as the university of middle-aged women, and thirty Springfield women were charter members, the last being Miss Ellissa Houston. Mrs. Buchwalter credits the Worthington Chautauqua with having been a factor in raising the average of education and general intelligence in Springfield. It emanated from the Chautauqua Assembly, Chautauqua, New York, and as women completed the course of study others enrolled as members, a number of Springfield women receiving diplomas. The club movement had rapid growth in the '70s, increased in the '80s and '90s, and all phases of education, from the kindergarten to the college, have benefited from club research among the wives and mothers of the country. The Worthington Chautauqua and the Great Unknown were different in their appeal—the one study, and the other an amusement or entertainment center. The first distinctively woman's club in Springfield was founded in 1888 by Mrs. J. W. Murphy—the Travelers' Club—with membership limited to thirty, and later increased to forty and finally to fifty, and it brought many noted platform speakers to Springfield, the Woman's Club performing an enlarged service of the same nature today. The Travelers' Club attested its appreciation of the Warder Free Library by placing a clock there for the benefit of the patrons. It was a voice in the social and civic life of Springfield. The Travelers' Club paved the way and encouraged the formation of other clubs. In 1891 the Fortnightly Club came into existence, and it still functions as a bureau bringing many educators and professional musicians and readers into the community. There was the Monday Afternoon Club, the Tuesday Club—clubs all the week—and in October, 1894, the Springfield clubs entertained the club women of Ohio and dis- SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 513 cussed the advisability of forming a state federation. Invitations were sent to ninety-eight Ohio clubs, and seventy-eight of them were represented at the conference in Springfield. Ohio was the sixth state to federate the clubs, and Springfield was active in bringing about the result, since then furnishing the president of the state federation, and many Springfield women attended the 1921 session in Cincinnati. It was the first state federation meeting after the women of Ohio had voted in a general election, and the twenty-sixth annual showing that Ohio women had been federated in their club activities a quarter of a century before suffrage became universal, and in the convention it was said : "Women came into political life with the thought that it is not only their right, but their duty to battle for the truth," and they heard these words : "Let us rather speak of the duty of man and woman—of the privilege of men and women giving to their country the best God has given to them," and emphasis was laid on the fact that suffrage effects the nature of the conversation between men and women. Within women's clubs were born those ideals and dreams of feminine progress which have found fruition in the civic, social and political emancipation of womanhood in America. Cincinnati welcomed the "hundreds of earnest, intelligent, forceful club women of Ohio doing constructive planning for the future," and Springfield women are active in federation efforts. The Woman's Club is without number limitation, and it fosters all advance movements having the right trend to them. In writing about Woman's Work for Love, Mrs. Amaziah Winger refers to the Woman's Benevolent Society in the summary made by her in 1901, in which prominent Springfield women were engaged in welfare work now so well taken care of by the Social Service Bureau ; when it assumed greater proportions it became an Associated Charity, and the amalgamation is elsewhere mentioned. The Needle Work Guild, as organized December 4, 1894, by Mrs. George Winwood, was similar in its operations to the Red Cross which was so active in Springfield in time of the World war. The Young Woman's Mission, organized in the late '90s, and now sponsor with the Woman's Club for the Springfield Day Nursery, grew out of the Woman's Benevolent Society. The Woman's Christian Association, organized in November, 1896, is mentioned in connection with the Young Woman's Christian Association—the Woman's Benevolent Society the mother of philanthropy in Springfield. In summing up the work of Springfield women of the Civil war period in 1901, Mrs. C. M. Nichols said it corresponded in spirit and devotion to that done by the soldiers in active service. On December 3, 1863, a Soldier's Aid Society was organized and the women met in groups in their homes, sewing for the families of soldiers. The Springfield Aid Society contributed many garments to the Great Western Sanitary Fair in Cincinnati, the Clark County Auxiliary being awarded a silken banner for the largest donation which amounted to $5,580, there being $234,000 raised through the fair, and Mrs. Nichols declares that no history could do justice to the work of the women of Springfield. The same idea has been advanced in connection with Red Cross work in the military chapter—the women of the different periods always responding to the needs of the hour. At their leisure, these Civil war times women became members of the Woman's Relief Corps mentioned as among the oldest organizations for women. Club life was subordinated in the World war, while Clark County women were frequenting the Red Cross workshops. Vol. I-33 514 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY In summing up the first 100 years of the activities of women in Springfield, Mrs. F. M. Hagan, in looking backward, notes a brave, courageous group who endured hardships with fortitude, saying that in the first half of the century their influence radiated from two centers—the home and the church—and that the women of 1901 had pride in the same line of activities, adding: "The ruddy glow that shone from the windows in the first log cabins was the only thing that kept many a man in those early days from giving up in discouragement and despair, the struggle to wrest from the wilderness a home." Mrs. Hagan said further : "As the years rolled by, one by one, an increasing population has required of us a broader philanthropy then that centered in home and church ; times have been when our city made demands upon our devotion, our patriotism ; when great questions have inspired us to larger sacrifices of time and energy ; when growing intellectual activity spurred us into a broader field of literary attainment," and perhaps the City Federation of Woman's Clubs is the explanation. At a meeting of the Woman's Club, when "Lights and Shadows of the Present Age," was the theme of the lecture by Dr. Edward Howard Griggs, he said the World war aroused people to thinking less of themselves, and more about all the world, but since the urge of the war he said many had drifted back to their own selfish way of looking at the problems confronting civilization. (No less a personage than Henry Van Dyke saying on the same subject that many American cities are now as wicked as Berlin before the war.) A Springfield woman editorial writer commented on the statement, saying : "Let us hold fast to this good thing that came out of the awful carnage of war," and she quoted : " 'Go ye into all the world and preach the Gospel' of good will and unselfishness to all men," adding, "Then after a while that spirit which led us to fight together with other men of other races, creeds and colors will also lead us to live in peace with them." When the Business and Professional Women's Club, numbering 250 members, brought Judge Florence E. Allen of the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court to Springfield, she said : "Cooperation of the women of America is necessary to maintain good government ; the eyes of American women are turning toward Ohio," showing that she takes matters seriously, and not only Springfield women attended the lecture —there were court officials, and well known lawyers. The Business and Professional Women's Club has launched a publication, "The Snap," with Miss Anna Marie Tennant as editor-in-chief, and it is issued under the direction of the educational committee. Clark County women are meeting the suffrage question from all sides, a court report saying: "The jury is equally divided as to sex, there being six men and six women," and a Lydia E. Pinkham advertisement champions the cause, saying: "Not until the telltale wrinkles become so deep, the figure stooped—" but Springfield women eliminate those features, and agree with the following translation : "Our fathers on this point were people of great sense; Their women did not read, but knew well how to live. Their wisest conversation they drew out of their home ; For books they had a needle, a thimble and some thread ; But the women of today this course have long forsaken." CHAPTER LVIII INTELLECTUAL AND CIVIC LIFE—CONTINUED There is a masculine side to the intellectual as well as the civic life of Springfield and men were members of the Great Unknown, mentioned as the first literary club in the community. It was S. A. Bowman who took the initiative in organizing the Men's Literary Club, inviting several gentlemen to meet at his office, October 6, 1893, to consider its formation. It was to be for mutual intellectual improvement and the following responded : Dr. W. G. Bryant, E. L. Buchwalter, Judge F. M. Hagan, Dr. K. F. R. Hochdoerfer, Dr. R. B. House, Dr. Isaac Kay, Gen. J. Warren Keifer, T. F. McGrew, Dr. J. F. Marlay, 0. T. Martin, Judge J. C. Miller, Dr. J. M. Miller, Dr. S. A. Ort, and T. J. Pringle. At the October meeting of the club in 1921—the opening meeting of a new year—only Judge Hagan and General Keifer answered to their names at roll call of those who formed the club twenty-eight years earlier. When the club was organized in the Bowman law office, General Keifer was temporary chairman and Mr. Pringle secretary. By-laws were adopted and in the course of years few changes have been necessary. Mr. Bowman was chosen as club president, and November 13 the first regular meeting was held in his home, when he presented the paper, "The Pacific Coast." The membership is limited to forty and since 1893 the club has held bi-weekly sessions, members regarding the club as a "previous engagement," and nothing of ordinary magnitude prevents regular attendance. Many Wittenberg professors have held membership, and a wide range of topics claims attention—literature, history, hobbies, and a few "talk shop" at the meetings. The Men's Literary Club meets in the homes and the host serves refreshments, caring for the physical as well as mental requirements. The year book says: "No one can for any length of time have been a member of the club without counting it a genuine factor in those elements that go to make his life worth while to the community and himself." As vacancies occur other names are proposed and voted on by the members, and in the time of its existence the literary club has numbered some of the foremost citizens. It is a voice in the community. LAGONDA CHAPTER On April 25, 1895, Mrs. Asa S. Bushnell organized Lagonda Chapter, D. A. R., in Springfield, with fourteen charter members and a roster of the chapter is to be seen in the rooms of the Clark County Historical Society. It is done in cross stitch with the zephyr yarn used in fancy work at the time. The objects of the chapter are: "To perpetuate the memory of the spirit of men and women who achieved American Independence by the acquisition and preservation of historic spots, and the erection of monuments ; by the encouragement of historical research in relation to the Revolution, and the publication of its results ; by the preservation of documents and of the records of the individual service of Revolutionary soldiers and patriots, and by the promotion of cele- - 515 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 517 brations of all patriotic anniversaries. The image adopted by the chapter is a badge in the form of a spinning wheel and distaff. In 1912 Lagonda Chapter erected a shrine in Ferncliff Cemetery in memory of the men buried in Clark County who fought in the War of the American Revolution and in the military chapter their names are printed. A boulder at the entrance to Cliff Park, set with a bronze tablet, and inscribed : "Lest we forget our soldiers of Clark County, Lagonda Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution, 1921," was dedicated November 11, 1921, and near it is a 40-foot flag pole given by Miss Bertha Thompson, from which a silk flag floats over the shrine—sacred to the soldiers of all wars, but erected as a tribute to World war soldiers. The boulder is brown and gray sandstone obtained from the Spinning farm east of Springfield. Almost every day wreaths of flowers were placed on this boulder as silent tributes, those remembering friends coming and going without the public having any knowledge of their tributes beyond the presence of the flowers. Because of weather conditions, the dedicatory service was in Memorial Hall, and in presenting the flag Mrs. E. A. Carlisle, Regent, Lagonda Chapter, said : "Our Clark County boys played their part well and we are here to honor them and to entrust to the George Cultice Post of the American Legion the custody of this flag," and in accepting it, Warren W. Diehl, commander, replied : "We promise that we shall keep it sacred," and that promise involves much—an opportunity to teach the proper use of the American flag. While Clark County patriots had their rendezvous with death in different communities—perhaps, "Not a drum was heard nor a funeral note," Lagonda Chapter, D. A. R., has erected two shrines of patriotism honoring all of them. In the dedication of the Cliff Park monument J. B. McGrew said : "On November 11, 1918, the greatest war in history came to an end (three years ago). The anniversary of that day is one well worth observing. It is a day of much significance in our history. The first constitution based on the consent of the governed was written and signed in the cabin of the Mayflower. It seems appropriate that a war fought to vindicate the principles embodied in that document and in the Constitution of the United States should be brought to a conclusion on the anniversary of the day on which the Pilgrim document was written. * * * As a symbol of that ideal citizenship which constructs, defends and maintains in peace as in war this America of ours, we this day dedicate this monument." LAGONDA CLUB In October, 1904, the Lagonda Club building was open to the members and while it is not denominated a "poor man's club," there is a democratic spirit that pervades it. It was built at a cost of $25,000 and affords facilities for both dances and banquets—is a social rather than an intellectual center and yet in its reading rooms copies of Springfield and metropolitan publications are available. When the Lagonda Club was incorporated it purchased the Cavalier corner—High and Spring streets—and it had in mind the social rather than the literary opportunities. It has rooms for indoor sports and the wives of members enjoy the social privileges. While it has both resident and non-resident members, in order to share its advantages members must own stock in the 518 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY organization. Since many of the members belong to other civic organizations the Lagonda Club is a community center. YOUNG MEN'S LITERARY CLUB Closely allied with the Men's Literary Club is the Young Men's Literary Club, organized in 1896, in Springfield. W. W. Witmeyer was the moving spirit in its organization, and thirty-five is the limit of membership. As its name implies, it is literary, although it embraces social features. It meets the second and fourth Friday nights of the month except in June, July and August, meeting in the homes of its members. SPRINGFIELD ROTARY CLUB The Rotary Club is widespread as a civic organization and the Springfield branch is one of many. It was organized January 14, 1914, the membership limited by classification rather than numbers, although it has ninety-f our enrolled, and its slogan "He profits more who serves best" reflects its attitude toward the community. It holds weekly meetings—always luncheons with programs—and sometimes it has out-of-town speakers. The membership committee is known only to the president and secretary and names are brought to the consideration of the club. Members are chosen from the different lines of business and professional life and thus viewpoints are different and the majority rules. The Rotary Club presidents have been : W. E. Copenhaver, C. L. Bauer, H. S. Kissell, J. L. Bushnell, J. S. Webb, R. C. Bancroft, G. R. Prout, Dr. C. L. Minor, and the latest roster : W. A. Bauer, president ; G. B. Sheridan and Edward A. Tehan, vice presidents ; Harlan C. West, treasurer, and J. L. Dorst, secretary. At the Rotary luncheon James L. Baker discussed "Abrasives and the Grinding Wheel Industry," and thus the members understand the industries and the public questions in Springfield. Immense forward strides were made in the use of abrasives in time of the World war, and the Safety Emery Wheel Company was the first concern in the world to bring out the tapered collar as a means of protecting the operator. The Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions and Exchange clubs all are civic and educational and all hold their meetings in connection with noonday luncheons. The husbands are together and the wives escape the dinner at home. These luncheons are a feature of the present day industrial life and momentarily the members forget their own little worlds while listening to the details connected with other enterprises. While the International Kiwanis Club was organized in 1913, the Springfield Kiwanis Club was organized January 1, 1919, admitting two members of one profession or business, and thus widening the possibility of knowledge from different sources. Its presidents have been : Dean C. G. Shatzer, George Metcalf, George H. Kelsey and E. J. Carmony, and its secretaries: E. J. Carmony, Ernest C. Jansen, C. G. Whitney and Dr. W. B. Seward. Its luncheon programs are each Tuesday. Brotherly love and service rules the conduct of the members, and specialists along different lines come together for an exchange of ideas and for better acquaintance. For instance, when Dr. R. R. Richison was the speaker he discussed health conditions from the social viewpoint and when the Rt. Rev. Monsignor D. A. Buckley was the speaker, in discussing welf are, he said : "There is no form of misery to which mankind is subject that cannot be relieved through one of the Catholic charities," and thus SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 519 middle aged men are at school in similar manner to which middle aged women were educated in the chautauqua. SPRINGFIELD LIONS CLUB Lionism is another name for opportunity. The Lions Club was organized June 1, 1920, in Springfield with a membership limit of seventy-five, and but one member from any one line or classification. The quota would easily be reached but the membership is conservative about soliciting new Lions. The name stands for character—the strength of the lion its symbol. The club is non-political, non-sectarian and each unit of the International Association has the cooperation of all the other units. Lionism promotes the principles of good citizenship—is interested in the civic, commercial, social and moral welfare of the community. Springfield Lion Club member are wage-earners—must earn the money before they spend it—such as I have give I unto thee—and they are active in many public enterprises. Its presidents have been : R. H. Wetherbee, with H. S. Brooks as secretary, and C. John Morean, with L. E. Brown secretary. The Lions Club promoted municipal golf in Snyder Park and opened a summer camp for widows and children at Silver Lake and it has fostered business regulations in Springfield. It conducted a charity ball and contributed $1,000 to the Social Service Bureau, thus aiding organized charity. The Lions Club was planning for baseball diamonds in Snyder Park and considering aid for the Salvation Army. It meets at noonday luncheons and always has some definite program. It secures speakers of ability and current topics are frequently under consideration. Prof. J. M. Collins has just discussed Americanization fom the standpoint of education. THE EXCHANGE CLUB The most recently organized civic club in Springfield is the Exchange, its charter having been obtained in March, 1921, although it was definitely organized April 11, 1911, in Detroit. In 1896, a number of Detroit business men began holding meetings—sometimes called themselves boosters and sometimes knockers—but they were congenial spirits and they discussed community affairs, but running along without organization until Charles A. Berkey called the group together, when they adopted the name Exchange and the slogan : "Unity for service." It is a growing organization in Springfield, the membership reaching fifty the first year. The membership is based on classification—one member representing one line or occupation, and any change of business or prof ession operates automatically as a club resignation. Arthur R. Altick, who first called the Exchange Club together in Springfield, acted as temporary chairman, but Dr. D. I. Roush became the first regular chairman, with C. E. Winchell secretary. The local Exchange Club affiliates with the State and National clubs, and The Exchangeite is the official publication. The Springfield Exchange Club provides a medium for the exchange of ideas, methods, information and extends business and fraternal courtesies. All formalities are dispensed with, and members address each other by Christian names. The Exchange Club cooperates in humanitarian and civic affairs, and is fostering the Boy Scout movement in Springfield. It helped to make 520 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY a success of the municipal Christmas tree and is alert to community interests. Someone remarked about the Elks, Eagles, Lions, Owls, Moose—zoological and ornithological titles to organizations of fraternal and benevolent nature, and noted the revival of the Ku Klux Klan and then Springfield was about to have an Optimist club, organized along similar lines to the Rotary, Kiwanis, Lions annd Exchange clubs. It dates back to 1916 as a national organization. While there was once a Travelers' Literary Club in Springfield, Champion City Council United Commercial Travelers is a protective organization, and there is the .Young Business Men's Club with similar object in its organization. The Springfield Retail Grocers' Association holds annual banquets and considers matters of importance. This is the day of organization and while they say of some communities that they are "clubbed" to death, men and women still come together in groups of comradeship and for community welfare. The Springfield Country Club, organized in 1906, is a recreation center devoted to out-of-doors sports, the growth of the idea due to the popularity of the Scotch game of golf. The Country Club was capitalized at $15,000 and purchased the Ward-Thompson farm consisting of valleys and uplands, and its greens overlook Mad River north of Springfield. Robert H. Foos was active in promoting the organization, and the club house built on a ridge is popular with Springfield society. It is a dual organization—the Country Club Company and the Country Club, the company owning the property and leasing it to the Country Club, but changes are imminent, members of the club being asked to become members of the company and men paying $50 and women $25 membership dues. A Springfield-Urbana Country Club was under consideration, Urbana desiring such an organization with or without Springfield. The Sunset Civic League was planning a club house—the community house idea being widespread in Clark County. The Rose City Radio Association is a new organization of men making wireless methods a study, and "Service to the Community" is the keynote of the Clark County Federation of Community Clubs, of which the Hon. T. A. Bushey is president ; Stanley Laybourne, vice president ; John W. Dorst, secretary, and C. C. Hunter, treasurer, the official roster and the presidents of the clubs affiliating forming the executive committee. NEW CARLISLE PROGRESS CLUB While in some of the towns the women expend all their energies in the different church societies and in needle clubs, the Progress Club in New Carlisle was organized in 1894 and federated a year later. It issues a year book and observes special days as the Christmas party and ends the year with an annual outing, saying: "There is no medicine equal to a merry laugh, well mixed with fresh air," heeding the suggestion of Peter, who said : "I am going fishing," perhaps the first mention on record of recreation. However, in 1803, Griffith Foos and Archibald Lowry of Springfield established the precedent by accompanying their wives to Yellow Springs. The Twentieth Century Literary Club of Catawba was organized April 3, 1901, and was federated f our years later. It has an outline of SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY - 521 study and conducts a circulating library. It brings prominent lecturers and entertainer to Catawba. The club recently conducted an art exhibit, bringing pictures from the Cincinnati Art Academy. Following the 1913 flood, the club invited other women to sewings and they made and sent 100 garments to the sufferers in Columbus. In war time the club was active in the Red Cross workshop, and the members "Hooverized" on refreshments, giving the money saved to relief work. The Literary Club affiliates with the Catawba Community Club in promoting the annual Pleasant Township picnic and home-coming, supporting all efforts toward community improvements. While some South Charleston women affiliate with Springfield clubs, there are no research clubs, although church acitivities claim attention. There is a Euchre club and opportunity for discussing "colds, cancers and cigarets," and there is no lack of hospitality. Albert Reeder tells of a pious invalid in South Charleston who had the hallucination that she was a poetess and "when Uncle Jesse Griffith called to inquire about her, she greeted him thus : "Here I lay all free from sin ; Jesse, come in ; come in ; come in—" but she does not represent South Charleston society. Springfield club women are considering a club house, as has been announced by Mrs. A. D. Hosterman of the Woman's Club, and Mrs. W. W. Keifer is chairman of a committee appointed to investigate the sentiment of the community. A questionnaire was in prospect to be submitted to the women of Springfield and in time the City Federation of Women's Clubs hopes to have its own place of meeting, where : "You sing a little song or two, You have a little chat ; You make a little candy fudge, And then you take your hat." The oldest occupation is agriculture and there was a time when the social balance was in the country. The community clubs are co-operating with the Grange and Farm Bureau, and while economic questions predominate the rural population has its organized social life in Clark County. "America is just waking up to the facts of its brain power, and the sources of its leadership," and while the impression once prevailed that leaders were born in the country, that was in the era of the log cabin. In Who's Who, listing 2,200 leading Americans, it was found that two and one-half times as many hailed from the city as from the country in proportion to the population, and the explanation is that for so many years the city has attracted the best blood from the country. A Springfield writer raises this question : "Did you ever think how desolate This world would surely be If 'twere not for the friendly bond Of the community? Did you ever half appreciate How much we all depend Upon the sweet solicitude Of every earthly f riend?" 522 - SPRINGFIELD AND CLARK COUNTY and thus is emphasized the saying: "In union there is strength," and the people are recognizing their dependence upon each other. While a good many books have been written in Springfield and a number of persons are classed as excellent musicians, and while the public schools and Wittenberg College teach art, as yet there have been few artists in the community. The papers speak of Walter Tittle of New York and Springfield—should be Springfield and New York—and local people have noted the fact that he recently painted a picture of President Warren G. Harding which will be hung with the portraits of his predecessors on the walls of the White House. Mr. Tittle made dry point etchings of many of the diplomats who attended the Disarmament Conference in Washington and when Marshal Foch saw the result he asked for a picture. The Frankenstein family who emigrated from Germany in 1831 came from Cincinnati to Springfield in 1849 and the inquiry about local artists was answered by reference to an article in Howe's History relative to the family, the artist being Godfrey N. Frankenstein. The work of his life was his panorama of Niagara, where he spent twenty-two years, beginning it in 1844 and finishing it in 1866, depicting the water in the coldest winter and the hottest summer—by day and night and from every conceivable viewpoint. A year later he visited Europe and in 1869 he painted along the Little Miami near Cincinnati. In 1871, accompanied by his sister Eliza, who was an artist, Mr. Frankenstein went to the White Mountains, where they painted from nature. In November, 1872, Mr. Frankenstein painted his last scene from nature along Mad River, calling it Ferncliffs. The site is three miles from Springfield. When he died, February 24, 1873, he still possessed all his original pictures save one. However, a line in Howe's History says : "No artist ever had more enthusiastic admirers than some of those who possess his works." Worthington Whittridge is mentioned as a Springfield artist, who attained success after leaving the community. The Mother Stewart portrait elsewhere mentioned was made by a Springfield artist, and investigation would reveal others—really meritorious work by persons too modest to call themselves artists. CHAPTER LIX SUPERVISED SPORTS IN CLARK COUNTY While there always were ball games, running matches and jumping contests, there was little supervision of sports anywhere until within the twentieth century. In 1879, Springfield had a baseball team and it was among the first Ohio cities to develop such sport. It sponsored the great American game early in its history. Springfield later gave two players to the world. Jack Glasscock and Guy Hecker of the original Springfield team later played in major leagues and both were stars. John Mitchell of the Springfield team was the first left-hand pitcher to curve the ball. He was a mystery to strikers who could not "get on to his curves." Springfield was in the Ohio State Baseball League in 1884 and won the pennant the first year. A local sport writer, Jack Reid, then a schoolboy in Springfield, was interested in the sport and he retained the League Guide of that year. In 1885 the League disbanded with Springfield recognized as the lead team. It was in the league again in 1889 and 1890, and in 1905-6-7 it was a member of the Central League. In 1912 Springfield rejoined the Central League and it was again in action in 1916-17, when the war came on and disorganized sports of all kinds—the players joining the ranks of the patriots and the fans going with them. At the time Mr. Reid furnished the above data there was a movement on to revive baseball enthusiasm in Springfield. A committee representing secret societies and civic organizations was planning to raise a fund of $10,000 by selling $10 shares of stock in a Fan's Association, hoping to gain a place in the Three Eye (Indiana, Illinois and Iowa) League. A number of Springfield boys have continued in the game when Springfield was not maintaining a league. They have joined other leagues and some of them are star players. Golf is the game at the Country Club and there are municipal links in Snyder Park that attract many players, the course there being enlarged from nine to eighteen holes and tennis courts are to be seen in many places, with croquet still claiming attention. Football and basket ball are popular high school and college sports, athletics having been introduced into the Springfield high school when Prof. W. H. Weir was principal, and Prof. John S. Weaver superintendent. They fostered athletics and Prof. G. E. McCord, now superintendent of schools, was. then the football coach. While there had been scrub ball teams, it was in 1901 that football was given attention by the high school faculty. The twentieth century had dawned before local educators had taken definite steps to balance mental with physical training, and Superintendent McCord was active in bringing sports into the curriculum. Now all athletics are under supervision and a physical director is as necessary as a class room teacher—the educated mind having more value in a well developed body. Principal E. W. Tiffany has ruled that no player not a high school graduate will be permitted to play in the alumni lineup against the high school, thereby placing a premium on securing a diploma and silencing criticism about athletes not being good students. Football is the popular high school contest game and Springfield high school players meet any and all challengers. - 523 -