(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 100 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. A post-office was established at Valley a few years ago. The postmasters have been Henry Albright, John J. Walker, and — Sinclair. The settlement contains a grist-mill, saw-mill, post-office, two blacksmith-shops, two groceries, and fifteen dwellings. DAMASCUS. A Mr. Hoopes, from Chester Co., Pa., entered land in the western part of Butler and Goshen townships. The northeast quarter of section 6 is still in possession of his descendants, Mrs. Melinda Cline being a granddaughter. Horton Howard was agent for Mr. Hoops, and a plot of land was laid out by him with the intention of encouraging settlement. The plot was surveyed, and a record of it made in the records of Columbiana County, April 8, 1808, as given below : "Plat of the town of Damascus, which is laid out on sections No. 5 nnd 6 in township No. 16 of range No. 4, and sections No. 31 and 32 in the township adjoining on the north. The streets are nearly at right angles with the north and south sections, and parallel with the township-line, —which is twenty-five feet north of the south side of Poplar Street,—and the northeast corner of lot No. 39 is south of the southeast corner of section No. 31 aforesaid. The lots are all, except Nos. 16, 32, and 44, 4 rods in breadth and 10 in length,—containing 40 perches each, except the three lots aforesaid, each of which contains 10 feet more in breadth. The streets are each 66 feet, the alleys 10 feet, the border around the town 20 feet in breadth. The lots 32, 33, 44, and 45 are reserved, to be conveyed at such times and for such purposes as the proprietor or his heirs mny think best or most advantageous to the settlement of the neighborhood. "We, the proprietors of the land, do hereby certify that the above plan or plat is a correct representation of the town of Damascus aforesaid. "Witness, Henry Wintrobe. " Geo. Woolman. 8th day of 4th Mo., 1808. (Signed) "HORTON HOWARD. "SAMUEL WOOLMAN. "ANTHONY MORRIS. "Acknowledged before HENRY WINTROBE, J. P." The town now (1879) contains a Gurney meeting-house, at the west end of Walnut Street; a Wilbur meeting-house, at east end of Walnut Street ; a Gurney Yearly meetinghouse, between Walnut and Poplar Streets, near Gurney meeting-house ; a Methodist Episcopal church, on Walnut Street ; a Methodist Wesleyan church, on Poplar Street ; an academy, post-office, hotel, three stores, a saw-mill, woolen-mill, three blacksmith-shops, a harness-shop, shoe-shop, and about seventy-five dwellings. Poplar Street is the dividing-line between Columbiana and Mahoning Counties. SCHOOLS. The history of the early schools is given to some extent in the history of Goshen township, in the account of the early educational efforts of the Friends Joshua Lynch, Thomas French, and others, who taught at Damascus, in what is known as the Burns School District, Section 3. The first school was taught by Benjamin Holmes, near the Moses Stanley farm. A school was taught by Joseph bile in what is now District No. 3, in the valley and near the creek, where Mrs. Elizabeth Iler lives. John Moon and Terry Jones also taught there. This school was carried on by means of subscriptions. The house was built of logs and had a large fireplace in one end. On the place of George Bates, in Knox township, near the west line of Butler township, a school was taught, in or about the year 1826, by Hannah Ward. At that time a vacant log cabin would often be used for a school-house if the inhabitants could find a person able and willing to teach for three months. The average tuition fee was about "ten shillings" per term, and was usually paid in farm produce. The primitive school-edifice was provided with a puncheon floor and slab seats, while a board, which rested on pegs driven in the logs, formed the writing-desk. John Rogers' Primer, United States Spelling-Book, English Reader, and the Bible constituted most of the school-books. " Readin', ritin', and rithmetick, grammar and jography," were taught. Teachers were not subject to examination until after the establishment of school districts, about 1830. About 1822 the first school was opened in a log cabin in the northeast quarter of section 33, in what was known as the Votaw neighborhood. William Lightfoot, Joshua Shinn, and Jonas Hole were teachers. The enumeration of children of school age, in 1863, was 634 ; in 1878, males, 266 ; females, 221; colored males, 4 ; females, 5 ; total, 496. The number between sixteen and twenty-one years of age was 162. The value of schoolhouses and grounds in 1878, according to the report of the board of education, was as follows : District No. 1, $400 ; No. 2, $1500 ; No. 3, $1100 ; No. 4, $1600 ; No. 5, $150 ; No. 6, $800 ; No. 7, $700 ; No. 8, $400 ; total valuation, $6650. A new building is now under contract for District No. 5, to cost $1087. CHURCHES. FRIENDS. The first meeting of Friends in the township of Butler was in 1805, in which year a small log meeting-house was erected. Joshua Lynch, of New Jersey, and Catlett Jones, of Virginia, served as ministers in that primitive house of worship about that time. Thomas Stanley and his large family of boys and girls, all then living in the township of Knox, were members of this society. Additions were made to the building from time to time to accommodate the increasing numbers, and in, or near the year 1827 a large and commodious brick meetinghouse was built on the same site. In 1856 the building was destroyed by a high wind, and rebuilt during the following season. The monthly meeting numbers about 600 members. At the division, in 1854, the branch called the Gurneyites kept the meeting-house. A large house was provided for the Ohio Yearly Meeting, which convenes in Butler every alternate year. Wilburite Friends.—The Wilburites branched from the main body in 1854, and two years thereafter built a meeting-house at the east end of Walnut Street. They number about 150 members, and belong to the Ohio Yearly Meeting, which assembles at Barnesville. " New Garden Meeting" Friends.—The meetings of this Society of Friends were transferred to Winona in 1839, having been held in Hanover township prior to that time. Among the principal members were West Negus, John Johnson, Isaac Test, Casper Williams, and Lewis R. Walker. JEREMIAH H. WHINNERY. Jeremiah H. Whinnery, one of Ohio's hardiest and most industrious sons, was born in Butler township, Jan. 28, 1828, and there he continued to reside, a worthy citizen, until his death. He was one of eleven children of whom the surviving ones are two daughters living in Columbiana Co., 0., a son and daughter in Indiana, and a son in Colorado. His father, John, who was one of Ohio's early settlers, was a sturdy pioneer in the days when a stout heart and a strong arm were the mainstays of existence. Young Jeremiah was therefore trained in his early years to know the value of useful labor, and, although gaining occasional glimpses of book education at a district school, his most familiar school was that which taught him the rudiments of manual labor upon his father's farm, and laid the foundation upon which he reared a substantial experience. Following naturally the footsteps of his father, and the bent, moreover, of his own inclination, he devoted himself to an agricultural life, and after him, in the same path likewise, his children have followed. Nov. 21, 1850, he married Mary Ann Reeder, of Hanover township, in which her father's father was one of the first settlers. Four children were born of the union, to wit : Samuel L., born May 1, 1852, and now living in Butler ; John L., born Nov. 12, 1863, now residing in New Middleton ; Sylvester R., of Butler, born Dec. 7, 1858; and Ella Ann, born Sept. 11, 1869, and died Sept. 18, 1870. Mr. Whinnery's religious faith was that of a Quaker, in which he had been reared by his father ; and, although he was keenly watchful of current events, and observed from afar. the political history of his time, he held himself aloof from participation in politics, preferring to keep his mind untrammeled with the cares of office, and free from the distractions of a life eager for distinction. So he maintained an humble existence, whose scope embraced the care of his farm and devotion to his domestic relations, passing away to his final rest, upon the old homestead near Winona, Oct. 18, 1870, where his widow still resides with her son Sylvester. HANNAH WHINNERY. Mrs. Hannah Whinnery, a worthy representative of that people known as Friends, was born near Augusta, Columbiana Co., Ohio, May 5, 1824. Her father, James Hervey Dean, became a resident of Columbiana County in 1808, whence he accompanied his father, Jonathan, from New York State. When Hannah was fifteen years of age her father removed to Butler township, and three years later-being then eighteen-she was married to Mahlon Whinnery. They resided on his farm near Winona until 1845, when they removed to the place now occupied by Mrs. Whinnery, and there she has resided ever since. Eight children were born to them, as follows : Charles, May 10, 1843, and died in infancy ; Elwood D., Feb. 1, 1845, now living in Jefferson Co , Ohio ; Edith P., Jan. 30, 1848, and Oliver J., Jan. 18, 1858, now living in Kansas ; Phoebe Ellen, May 10, 1852, now residing with her mother, as are Rhoda, born April 24, 1855; Joseph H., born Nov. 21, 1860; and Anna, born Jan. 23, 1868. As before indicated, Mrs. Whinnery comes of a Quaker family, and she, as well as her husband, was born in that faith. Her father and mother, each aged upwards of eighty, reside with Mrs. Whinnery, and they continue to be, despite the encroachments of old age, active and zealous members of the Society of Friends, in whose circle, as well as in the community, they and the members of their daughter's family are regarded with much honor. Mr. Whinnery met with an accidental death, Aug. 23, 1870, while at work at his threshing-machine, and since that time his widow has resided upon her farm, cheered by the loving companionship of her parents and her children. HANNAH K. ENTRIKEN. This venerable resident of Butler township comes of a hardy race, whose representative in the pioneer history of Ohio was John Whinnery, an early settler in Butler, and the father of Mrs. Entriken. She was born in that township June 1, 1815, and until her seventeenth year divided her time between a brief attendance at school and rendering assistance in the domestic duties of her father's household. Jan. 13, 1832, she was married to Isaac Kelly, of Franklin Square, and removed at once with her husband to his farm. She became the mother of five children, as follows : William, born August, 1833, and living near Winona ; Zimri, born July 10, 1835, now living in Iowa ; Moses, born July 27, 1837, and killed in 1864, during the Rebellion, while engaged, as a member of the 6th Ohio Cavalry, in a skirmish with the enemy ; Phoebe Ann, born Dec. 19, 1845, and died 1873; John, who died at the age of five. Mr. Kelly died in 1851, and Jan. 13, 1857, his widow married Samuel Entriken, living near New Lisbon. There, on her husband's farm, Mrs. Entriken passed the days of her second married life, until December, 1875, when death deprived her a second time of her conjugal companion. Of her last marriage there was no issue. Since Mr. Entriken's death she has resided with her son William near Winona, and now in the evening of life enjoys a quiet repose and freedom from the bustling cares which earlier employed her active existence. In 1837 she became a member of the Disciples' church, and her allegiance to that faith has to this time, for a space of forty-two years, remained true and steadfast. TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 101 The meeting-house was built in 1839, and opened in January, 1840. In 1854, when the separation occurred among Friends throughout the country, this society also felt its disturbing influence, and the Gurneyites and Wilburites became distinct organizations. They worship in the same meetinghouse, but at different hours. The Gurneyites number about 70, and the Wilburites 270. About 1870 there were six distinct societies of Friends at Winona and Salem, each claiming to hold to the original faith,—Hicksites, Gurneyites, Wilburites, Kollites, Dr. Kite's meeting, and the Remnants. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Meetings had been held several years before the organization of this church at the house of Lewis Jobes. Mr. ____ Wells preached occasionally, and at other times the society was served by` ministers from Salem. About 1855 meetings were held in the school-house at Damascus, and a class organized with Philip Barger and wife, Mrs. Nancy Little, Miss Elizabeth Little, John Kerr and wife, Clement Kerr and wife, and James Kerr and wife as members. Rev. Mr. Eaton was the first pastor, who was succeeded by the Revs. Kineer, Storer, Williams, Jack son, McCarthy, Brown, J. M. Bray, A. J. Lang, George Crook, and G. W. Anderson, the present pastor. An edifice was erected in 1857, and in 1871 was repaired at a cost of $800. They have about 80 members and a Sunday-school of 60 pupils, of which Dr. S. F. Bullinger is superintendent. BURYING GROUNDS. The burying-ground at Damascus, situated near the meeting-house of the Friends, was the first in the township. Henry Woolf presented five acres of land for burial purposes, situated on the northwest quarter of section 30. No burial has taken place within this cemetery for a number of years, but within its quiet inclosure many of " the rude forefathers of the hamlet sleep." TOWNSHIP-HOUSE. A township-house was first built in Butler about 1842, on the school-house lot, near the centre of the town, and half a mile south of Middleton. It was built in connection with the school-house of the district, a partition only separating the two. In 1876 a lot was purchased adjoining the first site on the north, and a substantial brick edifice, 16 by 24 feet in size, erected thereon. CENTRE. TOWNSHIP No. 14, in range 2, of the government surveys, received the name of " Centre" in 1803, soon after the organization of the county, from its occupying a central position. Its proportions remain as surveyed, and the boundary townships are : on the north, Salem ; on the east, Elk Run ; on the south, Wayne and Franklin ; and on the west, Hanover. The surface of the township in general is broken by many steep and, in a few instances, almost precipitous hills. The northern part of the township is more fertile than the southern, and the land along the larger streams is very productive. The soil near the streams is alluvial; in other situations it is either a stiff clay or clay-loam with an admixture of sand and gravel. In general, the soil is adapted to the common grasses and cereals. Some of the less fruitful hills are yet in a state of nature, and are timbered with the common varieties of wood and occasional clusters of pines. The latter was formerly abundant along the streams. The middle fork of Beaver Creek enters the township from Salem, near the east line of section 5, and, having a general southeast course, passes out on the south line of section 13. It has a rocky bed, and its course is marked by a deep and rugged channel. Its chief affluent is Mill Seat Brook, flowing south nearly parallel with the west line of sections 1 and 12. Traversing the entire length of the township from north to south near the west line is Cold Run, so called from the nature of the springs which supply it with pure and sparkling water. The upper part of its course is through pleasant meads, but in the southern part of the township it is closely hemmed by hills and has a rocky channel. A mile above the point where it leaves the township it receives the waters of the west fork of the Beaver, and is known by that name below the junction. There are other small brooks in the township, and numerous springs. The mineral resources of the township are rich and varied. Coal is found in almost every locality, and along Middle Beaver an excellent quality of iron-ore is abundant. Here, also, are vast deposits of cement and quarries of excellent building-stone, as well as petroleum and saline springs. Some of these have been developed, and yield considerable revenue. Fire- and potter's clays are also found. PIONEER SETTLERS. No very complete and accurate data concerning the beginning of the settlement of the township can be obtained. Those who first came and their descendants have passed away, and no account of their connection with the history of Centre has been preserved. The first permanent settlement at New Lisbon was probably made by Lewis Kinney and his associates about 1802. Mr. Kinney purchased what now constitutes the village site, and built his first cabin about where Mr. Arter's tannery now stands, 1879. He sold the property in 1805, and removed to a place on the Salem road, and afterwards to Missouri. Wm. Slater 102 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. lived first east of New Lisbon, where he had a small powder-mill. In 1808 he purchased a part of the Kinney tract, and platted an addition of out-lots to New Lisbon on the west. James and Hugh Broady lived on the Salem road, and James Driscoll and Samuel and Thomas Davis in cabins along the creek. All these had gone to begin life elsewhere as pioneers before 1825. Christian Smith was a settler who remained longer. He came in the early part of 1803, and opened a tavern in a log house. He soon erected a substantial stone hotel, which he conducted with credit several years, when he, also, removed. The same year came Gen. Reasin Beall, Joseph Stibbs, and Thomas Cox, all of whom were active citizens until they removed to Wooster, about 1815. In 1804, Thomas Rowland and Wm. Harbaugh came from Brownsville, Pa., and set up a saddler's shop. Rowland was a single man, and became quite well known as a captain in the war of 1812. After that struggle he removed to Detroit. Harbaugh remained, and reared sons named Dennis, Springer, William, and Jacob. Jacob is now living in the vicinity. Daniel Harbaugh, a brother, came the same year, and also resided here until his death. He had sons named Jonathan, David, John, Daniel, and Rowland ; sonic of them are yet in the township. Daniel Harbaugh was judge in early days, and his son David, who removed to Detroit, became a judge at that place. John Arter came in 1805, and purchased Lewis Kinney's reserve, on which he began a tannery. He died in 1808, leaving three sons,—Jacob, who is still living at New Lisbon, and Michael and David, both of whom removed to Hanover, where the latter yet lives. The game year Jacob Shawk moved to New Lisbon, And lived there until his death. He had four sons,—Jacob, Henry, Thomas, and Samuel. Also came Dr. Horace Potter, who had sons named Horace and Ephraim, and Fisher A. Blocksom, a lawyer, who lived in the place until the latter part of 1876. Mr. Blocksom had two daughters and four sons,—William, James, Jackson, and Fisher, the latter being the only survivor. In 1806, Frederick Shultz removed to New Lisbon, where he died in 1861, leaving two sons,—Martin H. and David C., who are yet citizens of the place. David Graham was in New Lisbon as a merchant about 1806. He died soon after 1812 from a disease contracted in the army. In the same year, 1806, came David Hostetter, and opened a tavern.' His son, William, became a sheriff of the county, and is now eighty years of age. His son, William M., is the present sheriff of the county. About the same time John Small became a resident, rearing two sons,—David and Samuel. Dr. John Thompson and his sons,—Joseph and E. J.,—Justus and George Stoughton, and George Endley, all came in 1806 or 1807. In the latter part of 1806 George Duck became a citizen of New Lisbon, and there reared three sons,—Samuel, Jesse, and George,—all of whom became useful citizens. This year also came Alexander Snodgrass. He reared sons named Bazaleel and Presley. In 1807, Dr. Joseph Springer settled in New Lisbon, and lived there until his death. His sons were named Joseph, John, Henry, Samuel, and Daniel. The last two are still living in the village. About the same time, Holland Green, Michael Stock,—father of John, Henry, and Samuel,—John Watson,—having sons named John, Jacob, William, David, and Samuel,—and Mordecai Moore, became a part of the population of New Lisbon. Mr. Moore removed to Yellow Creek after a few years. In 1807, also, Dr. John D. Gloss, Caleb and Thornton Whitacre, and Caleb Hays, brother-in-law of the Whit-acres, found homes at this place. The last three engaged in milling. George Crowl and his sons,—Francis, Jacob, and George,-.and John L. Thompson and his son Samuel settled in New Lisbon in the year last named. In May, 1807, Rev. Clement Vallandigham settled in the village, and lived during the latter part of his life in the red-brick house on West Walnut Street, not far from the Canton bridge, where he died in 1839. He reared sons named James L , Clement L. (the distinguished Ohio politician), John L., H., and George S., who was for many years a physician in the place. This year also came Nicholas Kurtz, a wheelmaker, who had sons named Mid and Michael, and John and Henry Croft, mechanics. In 1808, Martin Heiman took up his abode in the village, and remained until hid death, in October, 1845. He had a son, Charles, who became a well-known druggist, and other sons, named William, Stephen, and Jacob. A little later in that year came William D. Lepper, who began the publication of the first newspaper in the county,' The Ohio Patriot. He had sons named William D. and Edward F., and three daughters. That year also came Gideon Hughes, a Quaker, who soon after started the " Rebecca Furnace," naming it for his wife. Failing in business, he removed to the western part of the State and joined the Shakers. Among the men employed at the furnace were John McNeal and Charles, Benjamin, and Nicholas Wilson. David Scott came about 1809, and built a house on the site now occupied by C. M. Aten's residence. He had a son named Joseph. Joseph Richardson came about the same time, and became well known in the village as a merchant. His sons were Jason, Albert, Samuel, Frank, Joseph, and William. Peter Baker settled near the village in this year, and a year later came Col. Jacob Harper, who lived in the village until his death, in 1878. Peter Roach became a citizen of New Lisbon in 1816. He had sons named Benjamin, Thomas, Samuel, Peter, John, Andrew, William, James, and Bernard. About this period James McKinley found employment at the furnace. He had sons named William and John. The latter is the father of the present Congressman, the Hon. William McKinley. In 1813, John Briggs settled at New Lisbon. He came to the county in 1804 and settled in Middleton township, and in 1808 removed to Salem. He had sons named John and Mahlon, the latter now a merchant in the village. Besides those named, there were living in or near New Lisbon in 1813, Philip and Jacob Meese. Nicholas Sampsell, John Hiltabiddle, William Maning, James Ewing, Archibald Briton, William Martin, John Beeson, Michael Bowman, Henry Snyder, Jacob Hill, Moses Stallcup, William. Black, John McMillan, John Ritz, John Willeby, TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 103 Philip Houtz, Nicholas Jones, John Dean, Samuel Werrill, Thomas Morrill, John H. Ruddick, Henry Hephner, Thomas Carson, Robert Bell, William Pritchard, Reuben P. McNamee, James Pierce, Jacob Frankenberger, Ebenezer Miller, William Stacey, John Underwood, Aaron Robinson, John Goble, Jacob Young, Samuel Holland, Mathew Adams, Mathew Stacy, Abel Lodge, John Howard, Abraham Evans, William McLaughlin, Aaron Pierce, John Frazer, George Crowl, Joseph Barkdall, Peter Barkdell, John Barkdall, Philip Brouse, Benjamin Ward, Jacob Bettis, William Bell, and Joseph Lamborn. At a later day George Graham became a resident of the village, rearing sons named John B., George, James, and Albert, all promising young men.. A year or so later Benjamin Hanna moved to the village from Columbiana, and died on the place now occupied by John Spence. He had sons named Joshua, Leonard, Robert, Kersey, Levi, Benjamin, and Thomas, nearly all of whom are yet living, most of them in Cleveland. George McCook and his family, consisting of seven daughters and two sons, David and George, settled in New Lisbon about this period, 1816. Among the earliest settlers in the northeastern part of the township was Thomas Frederick. He came in 1804 and located on section 12. He reared sons named Jacob, George, Thomas, Henry, William, Noah, John, and Samuel. Byron Frederick, a son of Samuel, is now a resident of that section. Most of this numerous family have removed. Among the pioneers in that locality were Frederick Bleeker, Andrew Brinker and his sons,—Peter, John, Andrew, and Henry,—Jonathan Hamilton, William Paul, Michael Mowry, Harmon Fagan, Jehu Powell, and Jacob and Conrad Worman, who came as early as 1808. A son of Jacob Worman—Samuel—is now a resident of section 4. In the western part of the township settlements were made about 1808 by Gabriel Laird, Frederick Crubaugh, Robert Blackledge, Jesse and Conrad Brandeberry, George Lee, Henry Harlan, Andrew Kuhn, and Martin Breidenstein. Some of these died in the township, but most removed. On the place now occupied by Peter Willard, on section 19, William B. Randolph was an early settler. He had sons named John and Thompson. James Rodgers was the pioneer on the farm where lives James Frantz, on section 20; John Golden, on the Albert Chandler place ; Jonathan Pierpont, on the J. B. Frost place ; William Biggs, near William Burbeck's ; and Joseph Burson, on the place now owned by J. B. Ritchey. On section 29, George Schnellenberger was a pioneer, but removed early. In 1808 the Koffel family became citizens of Columbiana County, and Samuel Koffel is now a resident of this section. Jacob Springer and Peter Glessner were among the first on section 30. Andrew Pollock settled first on section 29, but soon removed to the Gaskill neighborhood. He had two sons, John and James. The latter is now a resident of section 33. Among the first in this part of the township was Daniel Lindersmith, on the northeast quarter of section 31. He .there early erected a good stone house, which is yet standing, and is occupied by his son Joseph. Other sons were Daniel and Samuel. On the same section William Young wits an early settler. The farm occupied by Isaac Hastings, who came about 1815, was tenanted by a man named Gould. James McClellan settled on section 32 in 1814, where he reared sons named Samuel, William, Robert, James L., John, and Thomas, who is now the occupant of the homestead. The Thompson and Ramsey places, on section 32, were cleared up by a man named Samuel De Armon. On section 33, Arthur Burbeck settled in 1809, and there reared sons named John, David, Isaac, Joseph, James, and William, who resides at the homestead. At a later day Thomas Patterson settled on the seme section, on the place occupied by his son James. Peter Springer early owned and lived on the northeast quarter of section 21, where he kept a tavern. His sons, John and Jacob, yet live in that locality. In 1809, Joshua Chandler found a home on section 20, where he died in 1861. He reared four daughters, and sons named Morgan, Eli, Clark, Albert, and Jesse, most of whom are yet residents of the western part of the township. On section 17 the Mason family took a place among the pioneers, but removed years .ago. On section 8, George Rudisill resided, and farther east lived George Atterholt, both early and prominent settlers. In the spring of 1806, John J. Bowman located on the south part of section 8, where he lived until his death, in 1864. He was a son-in-law of Rev. John Stough, and reared sons named Jonas, John, Philip, Samuel, and Joshua. The last two named reside on this section. Rev. John Stough was probably the first Lutheran minister to cross the Alleghenies. He came to the western part of Pennsylvania in 1795. In the fall of 1806 he settled on section 8, near the present Bowman Mills, and hved there until 1827, when lie removed. His sons were named Samuel, Jehu, Jonas, John, George, and Jesse. The first two became physicians. About the same time Davidson Filson settled in that part of the township, where he reared sons named Robert, James, John, Samuel, and William, the latter yet living on section 7. Other early settlers in that vicinity were John Hester and John Votaw. In the southeastern part of the township, among the early settlers were Joab Gaskill, in 1806, who had sons,—Samuel, Joab, David, Abraham, and Josiah ; Robert Morrison, who came a little later, and had sons,—William, Daniel, John, and Freeman, who is living on section 25; and Obadiah Campbell, the father of John Campbell. The condition of the settlements in the township in 1826 is clearly shown in the appended lists of householders prepared by the trustees for school purposes : District No. 1, composed of sections 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, and 33, had Isaac Brandeberry, Peter Glessner, William Young, Thomas Culbertson, Lemson Clark, William Arm-. strong, Daniel Lindesmith, John Morrow, William Miller, Isaac Hastings, Isaac Crubaugh, George Shellenberger, Jacob Betts, James Deamon, Robert Woodside, Michael Shoemaker, Joseph Hartman, Moses Everett, James McClellan, Andrew Scott, John Scott, Patrick Scott, Gabriel Laird, Henry Freed, William Lee, George Lee, Jacob Springer, William Shaw, Nathaniel Breidenstein, Henry Benner, James Patterson, James Vomer, Jacob W. Linde-smith, Jane Oren, Manly Reed, Jacob Brandeberry. District No. 2 embraced section 16, a part of 17, south 104 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. half of 18, and all of 19, 20, and 21, except John Scott, and had as freeholders Martin Breidenstein, Jesse Jackson, William B. Randolph, Stephen Golden, Edward McGinley, Ezekiel Harlan, Richard Richardson, Jacob Hendricks, Jacob Spiker, Henry Harlan, John Mason, William Harlan, Abraham Evans, Abraham Brandeberry, Jacob Miller, Stephen Golden, Jr., Joshua Chandler, B. Getz, John L. Evans, Edward Pettit, Charles Mason, James Scott, Nicholas Wilson, Nathan Baldwin, William Betz, John Reese, Peter Springer, Charles Irwin, John Bowman, Samuel Dempsey, Isaac Brandeberry, Elias Culbertson. District No. 3 was composed of sections 5, 6, 7, 8, west half of 9, the remainder of 17, and the north half of 18. Its householders were Davidson Filson, Uriah Teegarden, Preston Beck, William Teegarden, John Volan, Joseph Burson, John Woodward, Aaron Burson, William Woodward, Elias Hays, James McCoy, Jacob Bechler, Robert Lentz, 'Aaron Brown, John Woodward, Alfred Paxton, Andrew Kuhn, Amburt Reese, John J. Bowman. George Atterholt, George Rudisill, John McNeil, Robert McAllister, David Rolland, John Hester, John Hester, Jr., Samuel Ullery, Nathaniel H. Smith, Thomas Russell, Jame§ Haskins, Joseph Bowers, Henry Wooley, William Coats, Thomas Ward, Jesse Taylor, William Ward, Jesse Whitley, George Holgrove, Thomas Danks. District No. 4 was composed of sections 3, 10, 15, east one-half of northwest quarter of 14, and P. Plum's land in southwest quarter of 14, and the householders were Charles Morfoot, Austin Pettit, John Morfoot, Frederick Bleeker, Henry Golden, George Willits, Joseph Durr, George Auck, John Bricker, John Savacool, Paul Sampsell, Jacob Stambaugh, Henry, Doyle, Widow Davidson, Jonathan Dennis, David Winders, Simon James, Jacob Reep, A. Allison, Michael MeNary, Joseph Smithyman, John Coates, Benjamin Reep, Casper Reep, James Dempsey. District No. 5 was composed of sections 1, 2, 11, 12, north half of 13, and that part of 14 lying northeast of the Salem road. Its householders were John Neil, Samuel Frederick, David Stackman, William Frederick, David Skiver, Richard Chapman, Sarah Connell, Hugh Wallace, David Hiltabiddle, Thomas Hanna, Morris E. Morris, John Poe, Peter Spiker, Michael Bowman, James McCarson, Nicholas Sampsell, Joseph Fagan, Lewis Crosser, John Frederick, John Brinker, Jonathan Pierce, Andrew Brinker, Benjamin Ward, Peter Brinker, John Green, James McGee, Charles Ray, Benjamin Wilson, William Beard, Joseph Albright, James Varner, C. Arnick, A. Shaw, Mary Hardman, A. Brinker, Jr., Jacob Walters, William Harbaugh. District No. 6 was composed of that part of the village of New Lisbon lying north of Walnut Street and east of Market Street, and that part of the south half of section 13 belonging to Daniel Harbaugh, Martin Heiman, David Graham, and John Watson. The householders at that time were Daniel Harbaugh, Jacob Watson, John Watt, De Lorma Brooks, Joseph Lamborn, C. Watson, Thomas H. Taylor, William Watson, William A. Brink, William E. Russell, Hannah Deitch, Benjamin. Hanna, Joseph Carroll, Jacob Shank, Mahlon Briggs, Jacob Arter, William Morrill, Sarah Whitacre, Jacob Crowl, Jacob Shank, Jr., Jacob Rummel, Abel Lodge, John Moore, John Howard, Thomas Merill, Caleb Way, Rachel Campbell, Archibald McNeil, Widow Gilespie, Daniel McKee, Nathan Shaffer, Mary Ogle. District No. 7 was composed of that part of New Lisbon lying north of Walnut Street and west of Market Street, and the south half of section 14, lying north of the Canton road, except P. Plum's land, and that part of the northeast quarter of section 14 lying west of the Salem road. Its householders were John D. Gloss, John Stock, John Bleeker, Henry Stock, Henry Ehlers, Samuel Stock, Henry Trunick, Michael Stock, John Fraser, John Morrison, Geo. McCook, Rebecca Alford, Holland Green, Jos. Richardson, George Garretson, A. G. Richardson, Wm. Marmon, Henry Springer, William Hilderman, A. W. Loomis, John Way, John Alexander, Widow McKee, Jacob Campbell, Widow Small, J. White, William Clapsaddle, Jacob Byers, Horace Potter, Clement Vallandigham, Sarah Jones. District No. 8 was bounded on the north by Walnut Street and the Canton road ; west, southwest, and south, by the middle fork of Beaver Creek ; and east, by Market Street. Its householders were the following : John Underwood, U. Ong, S. Ogden, John Hessin, William Heiman, Joseph Gillingham, James Hays, William D. Lepper, Charles Reed, John Mannon, David McKinley, Leonard Long, Elizabeth Frankenberger, John Merrill, John Conover, James Norton, Henry Croft, Isaac Townsend, Fisher A. Blocksom, C. D. Coffin, Joseph Leslie, David Beggs, John Watson, Martin Heiman, Jacob Heiman, Charles Heiman. District No. 9 was composed of that part of New Lisbon lying south of Walnut Street and east of Market Street, and parts of sections 13 and 24. Its householders were Jonathan Cochran, Matthias Nace, Benjamin Davidson, James White, William Woods, Joseph Powell, Philip Prouse, John Kinney, Edward Carroll, John Blecker, Thomas Brown, Widow Arter, George Endley, James McKinley, John Burns, Elderkin Potter, Joseph A. Mad. din, Jacob Clapsaddle, Adam Lepper, James Giles, Jonathan Hambleton, Jacob Harper, Wm. D. Lepper, Jr., George Graham, Joseph Maus, John Fee, John Thompson, Jacob Hostetter, Frederick Shultz, Joseph Morris, Widow Thompson, Benjamin Pritchard, David Fife, Jacob Kleckner, Thomas Corbet, Uriah Adams, John McKinley, Henry Crook, John Armstrong, Joel Holloway, Robert Travis, John Fair. District No. 10 was composed of sections 22, that part of 23 lying south of Beaver Creek, and all of 26, 27, 34, and 35. Its householders were William Watson, Widow Ewing, Jacob Heffner, James Ewing, John Rowles, John Frederick, Benjamin Ward, Nicholas Marshall, Archibald Briton, Samuel Ferguson, William Reed, Silas Crispin, John Carlisle, John Martin; Daniel Carlisle, Andrew Armstrong, Peter Roach, Owen Thomas, Arthur Burbeck, John Betts, Philip Metz, John Crawford, John Hiltabiddle, Wm. Rosenberry, James Carr, Henry Koffie, Peter Keffner, Anthony Clark, Win. D. Ewing. Fractional District No. 11 was composed of the south half of section 24, and all of 25 and 36. Its householders were the following : Jacob Carlisle, John Campbell, Lewis Crosser, Daniel Clapsaddle, Joab Gaskill, William Hamble- TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE ton, James Hambleton, Frederick Fox, William Paul, Robert Morrison, David Campbell. Fractional District No. 12 was composed of Section 4, and had the following householders: Jacob Worman, Conrad Bricker, Caspar Lengle, Henry Bricker. ORGANIZATION. The records of' the township from its organization for civil purposes in 1803 till 1825 are lost. This part of the history, consequently, must be omitted. Only the names of a few early officers—justices of the peace—are remembered, viz.: John J. Bowman, Joseph Springer, Joseph Maus, Joshua Chandler, Samuel Richards, Jacob G. Williams, Richard G. Richardson, and David Small. At a later day, among these officers, were Abijah McLane, E. R. McGregor, W. W. Hamilton, Morgan Chandler, Hiram Graves, W. A. Nichols, John W. Morrison, Hiram Gayer, John B. Mills, Henry E. Frost, C. B. Dickey, Joseph B. Ritchey, John M. Dickinson, and Harmon W. Brown. Since 1825 the principal officers have been the following : TRUSTEES. 1825.—Jacob Watson, Joab Gaskill, Joshua Chandler. 1826.—Joel Holloway, Joab Gaskill, Joshua Chandler. 1827.—George Endley, Josh Gaskill, Joshua Chandler. 1828.—John Armstrong, Joab Gaskill, Charles Mason. 1829-31.—John Armstrong, Joab Gaskill, J. J. Bowman. 1832.—John Armstrong, Joab Gaskill, William E. Davies. 1833-34.—John Armstrong, Joab Gaskill, John Hester, Jr. 1835.—Matthias Mace, Richard Chapman, George Rudisill. 1836.—Matthias Mace. George Crowl, George Rudisill. 1837.—Auzey White, George Crowl, George Rudisill. 1838: Mathew Adams, John Moore, George Rudisill. 1839.—Jacob Harbaugh, George Crowl, James McLaughlin. 1840. -Jacob Harbaugh, Joshua Chandler, James McLaughlin. 1841.--Benjamin Pritchard, Abel Lodge, Joshua Chandler. 1842-44.--Benjamin Pritchard, Auzey White, Joshua Chandler. 1845.—Benjamin Pritchard, Daniel Dawart, Isaac Townsend. 1846.—Charles Mason, Daniel Dawart, Isaac Townsend. 1847-48.—William Hostetter, William Kerns, Isaac Townsend. 1849.—William Hostetter, John Zimmerman, Jonas Richardson. 1850.—William Hostetter, John Zimmerman, John Armstrong. 1851.—B. F. Thompson, John Carlisle, John Armstrong. 1852.—B. F. Thompson, John Carlisle, William Hostetter. 1853.—B. F. Thompson, John Carlisle, William Burbeck. 1854.—B. F. Thompson, James Giles, William Burbeck. 1855.—Samuel Bowman, Ira Dibble, James C. Burns. 1856-57.—Samuel Bowman, Auzey White, Erastus Eells. 1858.—James H. Shields, Abel Lodge, Andrew S. Ward. 1859.—David Hum, Abel Lodge, Andrew S. Ward. 1860.—William Hostetter, John Arter, William Myers. 1861.–– William Hostetter, David Hum, Abel Lodge. 1862.—William Hostetter, Warner Peters, Abel Lodge. 1863.—Mahlon Briggs, Warner Peters, Abel Lodge. 1864.—James Scott, William H. Vaughn, Abel Lodge. 1865.—James Scott, William H. Vaughn, B. F. Nichols. 1866-67.—James Scott, Andrew S. Ward, Samuel Bowman. 1868-69.—James Scott, Andrew S. Ward, William Hostetter. 1870.—Robert Johnson, Thomas H. White, William Hostetter. 1871.—John Pitcairn, Thomas H. White, William Hostetter. 1872.—Johnson Calhoun, Thomas H. White, William Hostetter. 1873.—J. F. Benner, Thomas H. White, J. M. Johnson. 1874-76.—William Richardson, Thomas H. White, J. M. Johnson. 1877.—William Richardson, Thomas H. White, George W. Vogan. 1878.—Robert Morrow, James M. Johnson, George W. Vogan. 1879.—Robert Morrow, James Freeman, John Harbaugh. CLERKS. 1825-28., Edward Carroll; 1829-31, De Lorma Brooks; 1832-37, William D. Lepper, Jr.; 1838, Benjamin Pritchard; 1839, John 14 Watt; 1840, Benjamin Pritchard; 1841-49, David Anderson; 1850, T. B. Cushman ; 1851, M. M. Richards; 1852-53, David Anderson; 1854, James A. Estill; 1855, Robert Shearer; 1856, David Anderson ; 1857-58, Robert C. Wilson ; 1859-62, R. B. Pritchard ; 1863-64, Robert E. Watson ; 1865, R. B. Pritchard ; 1866-70, Peter S. Fraser; 1871-74, C. V. Robertson ; 1875-79, C. D. Fraser. TREASURERS. 1825-30, Joseph Maus; 1831-37, James McElroy; 1838, Wm. Helman; 1839-50, Mathew Adams; 1851, Jesse Wilson; 1852, Abraham Hasness ; 1853-54, Jesse Wilson; 1855, Daniel Springer; 1856-62, B. F. Thompson ; 1863-69, John Burns; 1869-73, Ezra Frost ; 1874-79, C. F. Small. In 1879 the trustees voted a tax of eight-tenths of a mill on the dollar valuation for township purposes, one mill for roads, and $100 for the cemetery near New Lisbon. In 1844 the township had 376 persons subject to military duty. CENTRE THOROUGHFARES. It appears from a contemporaneous account that the State road, which passes through New Lisbon west, and the Salem and Steubenville road, passing north and south, were opened about 1806, but, owing to the loss of the records, the exact date cannot be given. The roads to Liverpool and Canfield were opened probably a little later. These highways had bridges at New Lisbon in 1809, which were erected by individual enterprise. In due time, however, substantial structures were provided by the township. At present the streams are spanned by excellent bridges, or by culverts of the most substantial stone-work. These roads are yet the principal highways. In 1879 the supervisors were Freeman C. Morrison, M. W. Adams, Charles Donnelly, R. R. Pollock, William Stock, and George Gromes. The Sandy and Beaver Canal passed through the township on the north bank of Middle Beaver to a point about a mile above New Lisbon, when a general northwestern course was taken to a point a little north of the centre of the west line of section 7, where it passed into the township of Hanover. Feeders were constructed pn the Beaver at the furnace-dam, and on Cold Run on section 6. Between these points the lockage was heavy, and the progress of boats consequently slow. A further account of this canal appears elsewhere. It was opened in 1847 and abandoned in 1852. The Niles and New Lisbon Railroad follows the east bank of the Middle Beaver, between the north line of the township and New Lisbon, the road's southern terminus. It was opened for passenger traffic in 1866. The track has been extended two miles farther down the creek, into Elk Run township, for freight purposes. The proposed Baltimore and Ohio Railroad, when built through Centre, will follow the general course of the old canal, and will no doubt greatly enhance the prosperity of the township. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS OF THE TOWNSHIP. Aside from the industries at New Lisbon and on the Middle Beaver, there have been others, as follows : In section 30, on the west branch of Beaver Creek, William Ritchie put up a grist-mill many years ago, which is yet operated by Benjamin Lien. On the same section, below, Reuben P. McNamee and Abner Moore built a fulling- and carding; mill about 1830, which was carried on till about 106 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. 1860. It was then displaced by a saw-mill, of which Robert McClellan is proprietor. At the forks of the stream, about 1835, Isaac Hastings put woolen-machinery in operation, which was discontinued about 1850, and the site abandoned. Above this point, on Cold Run, Morgan Chandler operated a saw-mill, which remains, but is at present idle. A short distance up this stream George Schnellenberger had a pioneer saw-mill, which was demolished by Abner Moore. A fourth of a mile above, Stephen Hendricks put up a saw-mill, which was operated many years by Morris Walton, and demolished about 1862. On the southeast quarter of section 17, James Culbertson started a grist-mill about 1830, which was afterwards owned by Abraham Brandeberry and Stephen Hendricks. In 1870, Joshua Bowman purchased it and removed it to its present site, on the State road. In 1874 he added steam-power. This mill and the saw-mill above, which was built in 1832 by John J. Bowman, are now carried on by Joshua Bowman. On section 6, Uriah Teegarden had a carding-machine before 1835, which was discontinued when the canal was built. At Bowman's Mills, about 1829, John Bowman built a tannery, which, in 1838, became the property of William Filson. In 1842 the tannery on the east side of the run was abandoned, and the present one erected. For many years it was carried on by Mr. Filson, and is now continued by his son, James L. Filson. COUNTY BUILDINGS. All the county buildings except the infirmary are at New Lisbon, and consist of the court-house and the jail, the former one of the best buildings of the kind in the State.* NEW LISBON VILLAGE. This is the only village in the township, and, being also the seat of justice for Columbiana County, is a place of great and increasing importance. It has a delightful situation on the north bank of Middle Beaver Creek, chiefly on a plain having a gentle slope towards the stream, but extending up a hill of moderate height, whose summit forms a handsome table-land. On either side are small ravines, which greatly promote the drainage of the place, and thus contribute to the health of its population. The opposite banks of the stream are high and rugged hills crowned with evergreens and other forest-trees with varied foliage. From the summit of Pine Hill, which is directly in front of the village, is unfolded one of the most delightful views in the country : the village with its manifold objects of interest, the rich and highly-cultivated farms beyond, and the little stream sweeping through its deep channel at the left, are happily blended, and form a scene not soon forgotten. There does not seem to be a plain reason why "New Lisbon" was selected as the name of the village, which was founded soon after 1800. It was doubtless suggested by the fancy of one who dreamed that here, among the hills of Columbiana, would rise a capital which should be to the new county what old Lisbon is to the country which encouraged the discoverer Columbus (for whom the county was in part named) to seek this new world. The southeast quarter of section 14, on the southeast * For history of comity buildings, see chapter x. in this volume. part of which the village was laid out, was purchased by Lewis Kinney from the government in 1802, or earlier. On the 16th of February, 1803, he laid out New Lisbon, and a short time after acknowledged the plat before Esq. Alexander Edie, of old Jefferson County. It consists of a rectangular piece of ground, whose length, from north to south, is about double its width. Each block is 180 by 360 feet, and is divided into six lots 60 by 180 feet each. Six and a half blocks form the length, and six blocks the width, of the original plat. They are divided east and west by streets, named in order from the south Washington, Walnut, Chestnut, High, Pine, and Spruce. The principal street running north and south is Market ; the others are Beaver and Jefferson. Narrower streets alternate with these. The lots were numbered from the northeast corner of the plat, and the first block was set aside for a cemetery. The two blocks on the southeast Mr. Kinney reserved for his own use, but in 1805 sold them to John Arter. With a view to secure the county-seat, he set aside for the use of the county a number of lots where is now the union school, but was induced to change the location to the present square, containing eight lots. On one of these Lewis Kinney erected a log court-house in the fall of 1803, receiving therefor from the county $150. The jail was in the rear of' the court-house, and was also of logs. In 1816 William Harbaugh and Peter Spiker erected the old brick court-house, which is yet standing, and which was used for county purposes until the new court-house was completed, in 1871. It is now used for business purposes, but is in a state of decay. Many additions have been made to the original plat of New Lisbon. The first was on the west, by William Slater, and was composed of out-lots. The other additions were termed : Aaron Brooks', M. Helman's, Rummell's, Loomis' & Graham's, Austin Wright's, Graham & McClymond's, Harbaugh's, Brooks', Hanna's, Starr's, Morgan & Coppocks', Beans', Nace' Heirs,' Huston & Jordan's, B. F. Lee's, Alters', Pritchard's, Straughn's, Brewster's, Galley's, and Brooks', whose united area covers 'a tract of ground about three-fourths of a mile wide by one and a half miles long, not all being comprised within the municipal bounds. The first buildings in the village were of logs. Some time after 1805, Christian Smith erected the stone house on Washington Street, east of Market, for a hotel ; and soon afterwards Jacob Picking put up a brick house on the site of Hamilton's drug-store, which was also used for a hotel. Nearly all the business-houses and the first county-offices were first on Washington Street ; but after the brick court-house was built they gradually centred on Walnut and Market Streets. Considering the general condition of the country, the place grew rapidly, and early gave promise of future greatness. In 1809, Capt. Thomas Rowland wrote of it as follows : " New Lisbon is a beautiful village, situated on a second bottom of the middle fork of Beaver Creek, 40̊ north latitude and about 4̊ west longitude from Washington City, fourteen miles from the nearest point on the Ohio River, and seventy-five miles from Lake Erie. . . . It has upwards of sixty houses of brick, stone, and frame There TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 107 are two important cross-roads here,—one running east and west, from Georgetown to Canton, and the other north and south, from Steubenville, through Warren, to Lake Erie. " Our wells produce good water by digging fifteen or twenty feet. Stone-coal, lime, and building-stone are plenty. There are three bridges across the Beaver within a quarter of a mile of the village, built at a great expense by the voluntary subscriptions of the people of this village principally. . .. Maple-sugar is made in great abundance, and one of our merchants was known to have on hand, at one time, 10,000 pounds of that article. " The inhabitants are principally from Virginia, Pennsylvania, and Maryland ; the religions, Presbyterian and German Lutheran. The population of the county in 1803 was 54:3, and in 1807 it amounted to 1730. There are a number of saw- and grist-mills near the village. It may not be amiss to add that the political complexion of the place is decidedly Democratic." The growth of the village was steady, and after 1835 was promoted by the prospects of the canal. In 1837 it was reported as having two hundred dwelling-houses, chiefly of brick or stone, and two stories high. There were six thousand feet of macadamized streets, and the sidewalks were mostly built of brick. Its improvements in every point compared favorably with other villages in the State, except in its churches, which did not display much architectural beauty. At that time the place had three lines of stages centring in or passing through the village, making the arrivals and departures eighty-four per week, and giving the village a lively appearance. A full account of these stage lines appears in another part of this work. The failure of the canal not only retarded the growth of the village, but so seriously embarrassed many of its business-men that they retired from trade or moved elsewhere, leaving New Lisbon for a number of years at a stand-still. After the completion of the Niles and New Lisbon Railroad, in 1866, a new period of prosperity began. The improvements made of late years are of a very substantial nature, and New Lisbon now contains several fine public buildings, a handsome opera-house, opened to the public in January, 1876, several miles of clean, well-graded streets, and numerous attractive residences. The population is estimated at 2000. The history of the various interests which have been, or no* are, at New Lisbon, is detailed in the pages devoted to " Manufacturing Industries," from data furnished by the veteran printer, John Frost, Esq., one of the oldest citizens of the place.. ORGANIZATION AND GOVERNMENT. The village was incorporated under a special act of the Legislature passed Feb. 7, 1825, and under its provisions the first board of officers was organized, at the house of Benjamin Hanna, May 10, 1826, as follows : President, George McCook ; Recorder, William E. Russell ; Trustees, Benjamin Hanna, William Hillerman, George Graham, John Alexander, Joseph Gillingham ; Assessor, John Armstrong; Treasurer, George Graham ; Marshal, John Conover; Street Commissioners, Holland Green, George Graham, Andrew W. Loomis. These officers were properly sworn by the clerk and by Joseph Maus, who was at that time a justice of the peace, and at once entered upon their duties. On the 7th of January, 1828, the Legislature granted the village a new charter, whereby the old act was rendered void after April 1, 1828. This charter was subsequently amended and the village bounds extended. These are very irregular. The territory embraced lies north of Beaver Creek, and is in extent about 120 rods north and south, and about 400 rods east and west. At the first meeting of the council, William Hillerman was appointed to contract with William D. Lepper to do the village printing, provided it would not exceed $25 per year ; and William Hillerman, William E. Russell, and John Alexander were appointed " to draft such bills as they may deem proper to be enacted for the good order and government of the town of New Lisbon." At the proper time this committee reported ordinances to regulate the building of sidewalks and providing for " turnpiking" the streets. In 1829 a fine was imposed for descending Market Street hill with wagon-wheels locked, and a sign-board, giving warning, was ordered to be placed on the west side of the street. Abel Lodge put up this sign, at a cost to the village of $1.* In May, 1832, George Graham made application for license to retail spirituous liquors at his grocery, at the corner of the public square and Market Street. The council, being satisfied that he was a person of good moral character, granted a license for one year for a consideration of $10. Before adjournment it was decided that the next, meeting of the council be held " in George Graham's back room." July 12, 1833, Horace Potter, Leonard Hanna, David Begges, Ira Dibble, John Watt, and William E. Russell were appointed the first board of health. In 1836 the marshal was ordered to notify the teamsters employed about the village "not to stand their teams, during the night season, around the public square ; and that the contractors on the canal put up the necessary fences to prevent accidents to persons and property." In 1861 the village made provision for the support of the families of men enlisted in defense of the endangered Union, voting $2000 for this purpose. At subsequent periods material aid was extended, and the village in this respect made a good record. The report of the recorder for 1878 shows that the receipts from all sources during the year were $9522.15, and * Soon after, Farmer Brinker, who lived in the northern part of the township, came to the village, and, as had been his custom, locked his wagon, and in that way descended the hill. He was promptly arrested, and, when carried before the proper officers, pleaded guilty, paid his fine, and departed, declaiming against the oppression and ruinous tendency of the time when a man's liberties were so much abridged that he dare no longer lock the wheels of his wagon. After telling his friends about his grievance, and assuring himself of the exact reading of the ordinance, he started to return home. When he reached the foot of Market Street hill he stopped his spirited team and carefully locked both hind wheels of his wagon. Resuming his seat, he dished up the hill at the greatest possible speed, to the great hurt of the new turnpike. He was again arrested, but stoutly maintained his innocence. True enough! He was not found guilty, for the ordinance only prohibited wagons "descending" with locked wheels. An amendment to cover the entire ease followed at the next meeting of the council, and, so far as is known, no one drove up the hill thereafter with locked wheels. 108 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO the expenditures for the same period, $7304.80. The total bonded indebtedness of the village was $4365, and the bonds redeemed within the year amounted to $4365,-showing the finances to be in a healthy condition. June 2, 1879, the council levied the following rates for the ensuing year upon the property of the village : for a general fund, 1 3/4 mills ; for streets, 2 mills ; for lights, 1/2 mill ; for cemetery, 3/4 mills ; for interest and sinking fund, 2 1/4 mills ; total, 7 1/4 mills. The village officials for 1879 are as follows : Mayor, John M. Dickinson ; Council, N. B. Billingsley, Frank McCord, John M. Handte, Nicholas Way; Henry W. Bough, John Burns ; Clerk, E. L. McLane ; Treasurer, C. F. Small ; Board of Health, Josiah F. Benner, W. S. Potts, John Frost, Dr. P. Tritt, Dr. T. Marquis ; Water Trustees, Absalom B. King, C. A. White, George Adam ; Cemetery Trustees, Edward Whitacre, Fred Baker, H. Clay Corbett ; Fire-Warden, J. H. White. CIVIL LIST. The village records from 1838 until 1859 have been either mislaid or carried away, thus preventing the compilation of a complete civil list. For the years whose records remain, the principal officers have been as follow : PRESIDENTS. 1827-28, George W. McCook ; 1829, William E. Russell; 1831-32, Charles D. Coffin; 1S33, George Endley ; 1834-35, Joshua Hanna; 1836, William E. Russell ; 1837, Daniel Harbaugh ; 1833, William Heiman, Charles M. Aten.* MAYORS + 1859, W. K. Gaston; 1860, William Dorwart: 1861, S. J. Firestone; 1862, James L. Smith ; 1863, W. A. Nichols; 1864, John W. Morrison; 1865: John McVicker; 1866, R. J. Powers; 1867-68, H. E. Frost; 1869-71, John M. Dickenson; 1872-73,.S. D. Cushman; 1874, H. E. Frost; 1875-70, John M. Dickinson. RECORDERS. 1827-28, William E. Russell; 1829, A. L. Brewer; 1830, David E. Harbaugh; 1831-32, Leonard Hanna; 1833, B. W. Snodgrass; 1834-35, David Small ; 1836, James Clark : 1837, J B. Graham ; 1838, D. Anderson; John McClymonds, ++ John Clark, R. B. Pritchard,++ J. F. Benner 1859, Wm. J. Jordan; 1860, Geo. J. Lucky ; 1861-83, R. B. Pritchard; 1864, D. Anderson: 1865, W. S. Young ; 1866, H. E. Frost ; 1867-68, George S. Miller ; 1869, Edwin Dutton; 1870-71, B. S. Young; 1872, Samuel J. Adams; 1873-77, H. Clay Corbett ; 1878-70, Ed. L. McLane. TREASURERS. 1827-23, George Graham ; 1829, Joseph Richardson ; 1830-38, David Begges; Wm. H. Helman,++. George Endley ;++ 1859-62, B. F. Thompson ; 1863-72, John Burns ; 1872-73, Ezra Frost; 187479, C. F. Small. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. The Iron Interests at and near New Lisbon.-In the primitive days of New Lisbon the iron interest was a conspicuous feature. Gideon Hughes was an early resident of the place, and in 1808 erected the first blast-furnace in this part of the country, about a mile northwest of the village, which was also one of the first in the State of Ohio. The * Prior to 1859. + Some time after 1854 the board of village officers was reorganized, according to the provisions of the new Constitution of the State. ++Between 1838 and 1859. machinery was propelled by water-power, and charcoal was used to smelt the ore. The manufacture of charcoal, until the furnace was shut down about 1843, was a heavy draft on the surrounding forest. Hardy pioneers,§ skilled in the use of the axe, cut vast quantities of timber into four-feet lengths, and, having heaped it in great piles of a conical shape, covered the whole with one or two feet of earth. These kilns were then flred, and in a few days produced a quantity of excellent charcoal, usually from thirty to forty cords. Iron ore was found near the furnace in abundance. Some pig-iron was made, but most of the furnace production consisted of plow-iron, dog-iron, flat-iron, pots, kettles, Dutch-ovens and many other household utensils, besides castings of numerous special classes. One of the large items of this- industry consisted of ten-plate stoves, used only for burning wood. On the sides of these stoves were the words, " Rebecca of New Lisbon," the name of the furnace, so called after the wife of the proprietor. After the furnace was operated several years, Mr. Hughes built pear it a tilt-hammer and forge, and was thus enabled to turn out wrought iron. The demand for this sort of iron increasing, he erected a rolling-mill about three miles above his furnace on the same stream (the middle fork of Little Beaver) in 1821 or '22. At this place there were also erected forges and nail-making machines of a kind which had not then been many years in use in this country. About 1830, or a little later, Mr. Hughes failed, and the old furnace was afterwards run by Benjamin Wilson, Perry Doyle, and others. During their active years all these ironworks were the scenes of lively interest, causing much bustle and stir among the operatives and parties who had business with them. One or two dry-goods stores at the old furnace supplied many people with all they required in that branch of trade. All these works have long since gone out of existence, and but little remains to indicate their places, once swarming with life. About 1820, Messrs. Morse & Trunick erected and carried on an iron-foundry on Beaver Street near where Jesse Wilson lives. Mr. Morse died in a few years, and his partner, Mr. Trunick, removed the foundry to Market Street near where he yet lives, but the business has not been carried on by him for many years. Several squares east of Mr. Trunick's residence the Root Brothers carried on an iron-foundry successfully a few years, but, unfortunately, about 1843 or 1844, the building was destroyed by fire, and the proprietors removed to Indiana. Joseph Watson nearly forty years ago erected and carried on a small iron-foundry near John Arter's tannery, but it did not prove a success, and long since ceased to do anything. About 1849-1851 the Tinker Brothers carried on a sort of general iron-works in what was then called the Long Row, at the north end of Jefferson Street. They worked in cast and wrought iron, using steam for propelling power. One day the boiler burst, causing the death of one man and seriously injuring another. § Wm. Detchon was employed as a laborer about the furnace, prior, and probably also subsequent, to the year 1812. He removed to Trumbull County, now Mahoning, and later in life became there a wealthy farmer. TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 109 About 1816, perhaps a little before, Joseph Carroll and John Hessin carried on the manufacture of nails on Market Street. It was a slow process, as each nail had to be cut off by one operation and then taken to another machine, where the heads were hammered on. Among the early blacksmiths were Jacob Shawk—grandfather of Joseph S., who continues the same business where his father worked on the anvil near half a century—and a man named Stonehill. Joseph Lamborn, William Steel, John Stokesberger, and Isaac Townsend were among the old craftsmen in the pioneer smithies. Henry Boyle made salt-pans, and John Underwood was an axe-maker. At present the iron ore is shipped to other points to be manufactured. Distillery and Brewery.—In the early settlement of this vicinity, and for some forty years after, whisky (the real old rye) was a prominent article of manufacture, use, and traffic. Twenty-five cents a gallon at retail was long a standing price, and many times it was even cheaper. The early makers of this article were George Duck, Frederick Galehouse, John Thomson, Edward Pettit, Benjamin Hahn, John Reese, and William, Jacob, and Daniel Harbaugh. It is said that some of the whisky was so pure that it did not remain in a liquid condition after the frosts of November. A Mr. Morlege erected and carried on a brewery, which was operated after he quit the business by other persons whose names are not now remembered. In 1850, John Schowlder also established a brewery, but did not continue in the business long. It is nearly thirty years since liquor-making by distillation and brewing was discontinued in New Lisbon,—at least, out of rye and barley. Tanneries.—John Arter and Daniel Harbaugh came to New Lisbon as early as 1805, and established tanneries,—the first-named at a location where John, a grandson, continues the same occupation, and Mr. Harbaugh on the premises where his successors still reside, the business having ceased there long since. Nearly sixty years ago Joseph Richardson started the tannery on Market Street, which is continued in active operation by Simon Spiker. Daniel Hostetter located a tannery on the northeast corner of the public square some time about 1835. It was carried on by George Garrettsou afterwards, then by Simon Spiker, and when discontinued was owned by George Nelson. Mills and Woolen-Manufactories.—A few years after the village was laid out, the first grist-mill, known as " Clapsaddle's Mill," was erected on the site, in the southeast part of the town, now occupied by the flax-mill. In 1812 or '13 a Mr. Hollingsworth started the first carding-machine, immediately north of the Canton bridge. Near the same place, Caleb Whitacre 'erected grist- and saw-mills, the site of which was afterwards occupied by Mathew Elder for a fulling-mill and carding-machine. These were destroyed by fire many years ago. A company called the " New Lisbon Woolen-Factory Co." was incorporated by act passed Jan. 30, 1818. About where the stone mill now stands Edmund Hays erected a grist-mill,—one among the early works of that kind in this vicinity. To the northeast of and adjoining the corporation, William Harbaugh erected a grist-mill, perhaps about 1815 or 1820, which, in following years, was converted into a distillery. On the same stream, some rods below, C. F. Helman built an oil-mill, about 1840, which was destroyed by fire after a few years. Lewis Kin ny about 1815 built a woolen-manufactory where Jacob Roller's sawmill is at present. For many years it was operated by Orth & Straughn, two Germans, and about 1831 or '32 it came into the possession of Godfrey Beaumont, an Englishman. In 1834 or '35 the works, having been destroyed by fire, were temporarily rebuilt, and ran for some time. In 1835,.Dr. John McCook (father of Anson McCook, now member of Congress from New York), in company with others, erected a large brick building in the southeast part of the town as a woolen-factory. Not long after its completion it was rented by Godfrey Beaumont & Sons, and continued in active operation for many years, but it is now idle. In 1850, Samuel Thompson put up the woolen-factory in the southern part of town, and operated it for a number of years. He sold it to a Mr. Watson, who continued the business a few years, when from some financial trouble the establishment went down, and was idle for a considerable period. In 1864, John Ogden became proprietor of the building and put its dilapidated portions into good condition. Business was carried on till Feb. 1, 1874, by John Ogden & Co., when an incorporated company was formed under the style of " The New Lisbon Woolen Manufacturing Company," of which Mr. Ogden was chosen President ; Nicholas Way, Secretary ; Ezra Frost, John Burns, and Jacob Harbaugh, Directors. Originally, the machinery was propelled by water-power from the canal, but now it is operated by a forty-horse-power steam-engine. The main building is 43 by 90 feet, to which an addition for a dye-house has been annexed. The best improved machinery is used, consisting in part of two sets of cards and feeders, eight hundred and sixteen spindles, and fifteen looms, all worked by thirty-seven operatives. One ton of wool per week is manufactured into fabrics of best quality, including flannels, cloths, yarns, cassimeres, and blankets. Under the present management the establishment is in the best condition, is running with few or no stoppages, and its products stand as fair in market as any goods in that branch of industry. Some time during the late war, James Burns and H. W. Briggs erected a planing-mill near the woolen-factory, which is now conducted under the firm-name of Briggs & Green. The grist-mill built by Edmund Hays was destroyed by fire in 1845 while owned by the late Daniel Harbaugh. It was rebuilt by him several years thereafter, and in 1870 passed into the hands of John S. Hunter, of the present firm of Hunter & McCord. It has been greatly improved and does a prosperous business. Ohio Cement-Works.—W hen the canal was begun in 1836, large quantities of cement were discovered along the banks of the middle fork of Little Beaver, and in the construction of locks a great deal of it was used. Engineers and contractors pronounced it of the best quality ; and, as one proof of its excellence, when it became neces- 110 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, sary to remove one or more of these locks some thirty years afterwards, the mortar or grout was often found more solid than the stones, which it held together with the firmness of rock. Several mills and other machinery were constructed to manufacture this article for building pur- poses, and, although much has been thus used, there remains a sufficient supply for many years to come. In 1875 these rich deposits attracted the attention of capitalists, and during that year the Ohio Cement Company, of Cleveland, erected extensive works, which were set in operation in July of that year, and have since been running to a greater or less extent, producing about one hundred and fifty barrels of cement per day. The company has several large kilns, a cooper-shop, store-room, and a main building, in which a fifty-horse-power steam-engine operates a crusher and one run of stones for pulverizing the cement. The building is sufficient for four runs of stones, which will enable the proprietors to produce six hundred barrels of cement daily, ready for market. Many operatives are employed in mining the crude article,—often found in the shape of huge stones,—while others attend the machinery. The productions of these works have a good reputation and extensive sale. New Lisbon Salt-Works.—When the great oil interests of the country were arresting so much attention, the fever for sinking wells attacked some of the people of New Lisbon. Borings were effected at different points, and at one place, just south of the west end of the Canton bridge, strong hopes of success were entertained, as gas rushed front the well with tremendous power for a short time ; but that and a contiguous well, each hundreds of feet in depth, soon proved failures, and were abandoned. Not so, however, with another well, a little to the northwest of the town. In 1866, when a company were boring there for oil and had reached the depth of six hundred and eighty-seven feet, the drill struck a stream of salt water, which burst upwards, carried away everything movable in its progress, and ascended to the height of about one hundred feet, continuing thus for two days. Having ceased its flow, the well was sunk thirteen feet deeper, the search for oil abandoned, and the manufacture of salt begun. For two years the well yielded a supply of water at the surface sufficient for the manufacture of fifteen barrels of salt daily. A steam-engine was applied at this time, when the product was much increased. In 1870, R. G. Eells became the lessee of the works for a term of years, and has since then been producing about thirty barrels of very superior salt daily, which finds a ready sale. About a dozen men are employed in and around the works in the different branches of the business. Coal for fuel is being mined from a bank near the establishment. In the early years of its operations sufficient gas issued from the well to keep the fires. These salt-works constitute one of the profitable industries of the vicinity, and the business will undoubtedly soon be extended. Wagon- and Carriage-Makers.—Michael Stock, who came in 1806, was probably the first wagon-maker to start that business in the place. John and Samuel, his sons, followed the same trade as long as they lived at New Lisbon. John Burns also worked at that occupation. Wm. Myers, successor to Rowland & Eells, and again successor to Eells & Myers, is now the proprietor of a large.carriage-making establishment where John Burns (long since deceased) made wagons fifty years ago. G. F. Adams, a German, almost half a century ago began the wagon-making business in the village, which, as a well-known local industry, is now conducted by his sons. Mr. Adams died a few years ago. John Q. Adams, as wagon-maker, began in a small way some years ago. He and his partner, Mr. Wagely, are now turning out a large number of vehicles, from the finest carriage to the plainest. Cabinet-Makers.—Of cabinet-makers, John Hoffman, Jacob Helman, and Joseph Leslie were the first. John Kinney, son of Lewis Kinney, learned the trade with Mr. Leslie, and carried on the business until 1829, when he died. Erastus Eells was another of Mr. Leslie's apprentices, and has followed his trade from 1828 to the present time. He and his son, Leonard H., are also undertakers of the village. Other early cabinet-makers were A. Hasness, James Coulter, John Fugate, Joseph, Henry, and Horace Hessin. Ezekiel Moore and Joseph Gillingham were the first chair-makers. About fifteen years ago William Patterson combined furniture and chair-making, and ultimately became a furniture-dealer. He sold to J. B. Britton, who was followed by James Dorrance & Son, who are yet in business. James S. Shields came here as a chair-maker in 1827, and followed that occupation for a long term of years. Carpenters.—Among the first carpenters appear the names of John Blecher, Peter Spiker, Matthew Adams, John L. Thompson, John Ritz, Abel Lodge, John Armstrong, James McLaughlin, Jacob Campbell, Jacob Coblentz, Joseph Powell, John Reese, and William Kearns. In later years Thomas Starr was an active contractor and builder, and has had many successes.' Gunsmithing.—John Small, gunsmith, came to New Lisbon in 1806, and followed his' occupation many years. Barclay Salterswaith and John White also worked at the trade. Mr. Small was succeeded by his son David, and he in turn by his son Samuel, so that for more than seventy years gunsmithing has been the occupation of the Small family at New Lisbon. Samuel continues the business. Clock- and Watchmakers.—Jacob Hostetter, a native of Switzerland, who came to New Lisbon in 1805, followed the vocation of his countrymen many years,—that of clock-and watch-making. Several of our old citizens yet have his clocks in their homes, and they continue to mark time satisfactorily. Charles D. Hostetter, after the death of Jacob, continued the business till about 1840. }elm Watt and George Williams carried on the same occupation for many years, as did John Scott afterwards. The active workers. in horology now here are Joseph Custard, J. F. Benner & Son, and S. Cox.. Tin- and Coppersmiths.—The first tinner in the village was William Clapsaddle, about 1810. Mahlon Briggs began that business in 1820, and is yet connected with it. Joseph Morris was in New Lisbon in 1825, or near that date, Belas Lownsberry in 1828, and William Cary in 1830. John Morrison began copper - smithing in 1820. James McElroy followed that business and tinning from 1830 until his death. Lately—now 1879—the place has had no active coppersmith. TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 111 Rai ters.—More than forty years ago the hat-maker's trade was one of the active pursuits in New Lisbon. The pioneer in that line was Samuel Holland, who had a competitor named Jacob Clapsaddle. They were soon followed by William Hilderman, and subsequently by Michael Seydel, Frank Cope, Nathan Shafer, Joseph Way, David Shultz & Co., James S. Seaton, and S. S. Clark. Sometimes there were as many as three shops in the village. All these parties " fixed hats upon blocks for blockheads to wear ;" but that occupation has long since gone out of existence at New Lisbon. Clothiers.—Among the early tailors were John Frazer, Joseph Orr, Thomas Corbett, and Samuel Hoover. The latter carried on the manufacture of clothing somewhat extensively for those times,—fifty years ago. Elias McLaughlin, James Savacool, and F. F. Beck came at a later day. The latter plied his trade nearly forty years, and for about the same length of time was the bell-ringer at the courthouse. Daniel and William Dorwart came in 1836, and John Pitcairn in 1839 ; both continued business for a long time, and were followed by many others. Shoemakers.—The names of Mathias Springer, John Fries (father of Dr. George Fries, M.C.), John Blecher, David Gowes, William P. Morris, and Joseph and Robert Estill are remembered as among the pioneer shoemakers of the place. H. P. Hessin and Samuel Reeder are at present the proprietors of shoe-stores. Harness-Makers.—William Hostetter, an old citizen of New Lisbon, says that Frederick Shultz was the first saddler in the village. John Alexander & Co., Henry Eeler, Philip Houtz, William Watson, Frank Lewis, Jacob Arter, 'arid Charles Hillard also had shops. Alpheus Arter and John Scott were each carrying on shops started by themselves several years ago. Bookbinders.—About 1829 or '30 a man named Ware had a little drug-store on Market Street, but his principal business was that of bookbinding, which he followed two or three years, and then moved away. Ten or twelve years afterwards John M. Williams began the bookbinding trade, but continued only a few years, when he left. At present J. Frost, who has been in the business a few years, is carrying on that occupation. Various trades.—Within the last fifty years a number of trades were pursued by different parties. James Giles manufactured weavers' reeds, for which there was considerable demand, as many farmers had looms. He afterward became tallow-chandler. Henry Kroh made horn- and tortoiseshell combs ; Henry Nold made pianos, and did what was regarded admirable work in those days ; George Hinshelwood built small organs, and in after-years was succeeded by John W. Scott ; Ira Dibble was a saddletree-maker from 1820 till within the last thirty years; John Paul preceded him a few years in the same business ; Peter S. Fraser began the manufacture of soap, which business he pursued some time, when he sold to Frederick Flugen, who continued a while, or until twenty years ago. For many years James Starr, Sr., followed the business of making planes and other wood-work requiring skill and ingenuity. Since his death, which occurred some ten years ago, his son James has continued the business. About 1808, Nicholas Kurtz commenced making spinning-wheels, reels, spools, and other articles needed by the farmers' wives and daughters for manufacturing flax and woolen clothing. Henry Stock learned the art of making these articles, and followed it for some years. Since the removal and death of these two men their occupation is one of the lost arts. The first potter in the place was John Roontz. Philip Brown, Oliver Griffith, Zachariah Cox, Henry. Springer, Samuel Watson, and Taylor Boyne engaged in the same business, all of them making red earthenware. The first brickmakers in New Lisbon and vicinity were Maurice E. Morris, George Willets, Philip Deemer, two of the Albrights, Horatio White, Jack Hama, and Auzey White. Brickmaking is now carried on by the Eagle Brick-Works, which also produce fire-brick and terra-cotta. George Nelson, Henry Morrow, and George and Jacob Growl were among the first bricklayers and stone-masons. MERCANTILE INTERESTS. The first dry-goods merchants were Joseph Stibbs, David Graham, and Thomas Cox, who conducted business on or near the corner of Washington and Jefferson Streets. David Arter, an old citizen, says that he remembers seeing such crowds of Indians trading there sometimes as to render that part of the town almost blockaded. They were made up of various tribes,—Senecas, Wyandots, and others. Not long afterwards Martin and William Hellman and John Street engaged in trade ; and subsequently came George Endley, Holland Green, Benjamin Hanna, John Briggs, David Begges, and Joseph Richardson. The following document indicates how the merchants had their stock conveyed from the Eastern cities in 1818 : "Memorandum of agreement made this 7th day of March, 1818, between George Endley and D. Begges on the one part, and Harmon Brown, Moses Votaw, Philip Grey, and Isaiah Williams, of the second part. Witnesseth, the said Brown, Votaw, Grey, and Williams engaged to be in the city of Philadelphia against the 24th or 25th of April next ensuing, and drawing four loads of merchandise from Philadelphia to New Lisbon, at the rate of eight dollars and fifty cents per@ hundred pounds. In witness whereof we have signed our names. "ENDLEY BEGGES, " HARMON BROWN, " MOSES VOTAW, his " PHILIP X GREY, mark "M. COULTER, witness. ISAIAH WILLIAMS." On the 26th and 28th of March, Endley & Begges paid the teamsters $50 to $60 each, and it is supposed they started on the trip East about that time. A team then consisted of six horses, and when an owner wished to be stylish he had each horse well harnessed, while, attached to his mane, two or three small bells hung to an iron bow. Sitting very erect on his saddle-horse, having a long whip ornamented with a fine silk cracker, used to give emphasis to his commands, the owner of such a " rig " often felt as though he would not exchange places with Julius Caesar. Coming into town, a team so caparisoned was often met by a crowd of admiring boys and men. Among the prominent merchants who succeeded those mentioned were Henry Springer, Frank and William Skinner, George Garretson, Henry Endley, and others. At 112 - HISTORY COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. present the dry-goods trade is carried on by M. H. & D. Shultz. The senior member of the firm has been longer in the business than any other in New Lisbon,—a period of not less than sixty years. S. M. Shultz, H. Booth, John Way, George W. Nelson, B. F. Miller, John Burns, and J. D. Eakin are also in trade. About 1814 a German named John Weistling established the first drug-store in New Lisbon. Its contents might have been contained in a common dry-goods box. Jacob Helman next carried on that business on a somewhat larger scale. About 1836, Martin Helman and his son Charles F. established a good drug-store, which was continued by them many years. The subsequent owners of the store were Robert Scott, G. S. Vallandigham, A. J. Blocksom, Hostetter & Hamilton, and the present M. N. Hamilton. About 1837, Dr. George McCook began the drug business, and was followed by Gregg & Nace, who continued it many years. Mathias Nace, Jr., is the present owner of this store. Another drug-store was opened about 1855 by R. B. Pritchard, which is at present the property of King & Young. George Graham was one of the first to open a grocery-store. The oldest firm in that trade is John S. Morrow & Son, who have followed the business about thirty years. Ezra Frost has conducted a similar establishment about twenty-five years. J. W. Brown, J. Bowman & Son, C. L. Frost, and William Kently are all doing a legitimate business as grocers. The first regular hardware-store was opened by Samuel Small about 1842. The Pritchard Brothers established a trade in 1854, which is now carried on by King & Young. Mahlon Briggs' hardware business was begun twenty years ago, and is yet continued by himself and son. In 1842, A. D. Cushman opened a hardware-store, which was discontinued after a few years. Bookstores are kept in New Lisbon by D. S. Gailey, M. P. Springer & Co., and James K. Frew. HOTELS. Long ago what are called hotels were denominated taverns, and they were numerous on every road of importance, —as many as a dozen, sometimes, in the distance of fifteen miles. The first hotel at New Lisbon was in a story-and-a-half log building on Washington Street, which was put up in 1803 by Christian Smith. Near by, in 1805, Smith put up the stone building for a hotel which is yet standing in that locality. It was the favorite stopping-place of the attorneys of that period, and it is related that on one occasion, when Judge Pease, of Warren, presided over the courts of the county, he was assigned to the post of honor at the head of the table to do the carving. The chicken being unusually tough, after making repeated efforts to sever the bird, he dropped the knife and fork, and, looking over the table, exclaimed, " Well, this must have been the chicken that crowed when Peter denied his Lord and Master !" The landlady never forgot this caustic remark. In 1806, John Watson built a very.primitive log house on Walnut Street, having a loosely-laid floor and windows hung with bed-quilts, which served to admit a little light and kept out much cold. This house had the first brick chimney in New Lisbon. Tradition says that David Watson was the first male child born in New Lisbon, and that the event transpired in the cellar of this building. There being no cradle, a maple-sugar trough was used instead. In this building Mr. Watson kept tavern until his death, in 1815, when his good wife continued the business. The place is remembered by Western travelers as one of the best on the road to Philadelphia. After Mrs. Watson's death, Samuel Watson became proprietor, and erected the sign bearing the cross-keys. The large three-story brick building which now occupies the same site was erected by the Watsons in 1836. For nearly sixty years the Watson family kept a public-house on that spot. When Gen. Harrison visited New Lisbon he stopped at this hotel, which he highly commended. Until it passed into the hands of Andrew Cowan, it was headquarters for the Whigs, afterwards for the Republicans, and many of their prominent men were here entertained. In a renovated and much improved condition, it is now kept as the Central Hotel, by H. H. Bowman. The next most prominent hotel in the place was built in 1806, on the corner of Walnut and Beaver Streets, by Mordecai Moore, and was afterwards kept by David Hostetter, Michael Seydel, John Morrison, Gabriel Daley, Joseph Maus, and many others. The brick part was built in later years. The place is now kept by D. V. Hyde, and is known as the Sherman House. About the same time, John Hessin opened a hotel on the corner of Market and Washington Streets, which passed out of existence soon after his death, in 1829. In 1806, George Duck kept a tavern in New Lisbon, and between this period and 1810 public-houses were kept on Walnut Street by Reuben P. McNamee and Michael Wirtz. The place has had other hotels, but the foregoing constitute the principal ones. NEW LISBON BANKS. The first bank organized in Columbiana County was the Columbiana Bank of New Lisbon, under a charter granted by the Legislature for that purpose. The first meeting for the election of directors was held on the 7th of Mara, 1814, and Thomas Gillingham, Thomas Moore, James, Craig, William Harbaugh, Holland Green, Alexander Snodgrass, George Endley, Horace Potter, Martin Helman, Joseph Richardson, John Street, Elderkin Potter, and Gideon Hughes were elected directors, books having been opened previously for the subscription of stock at Steubenville, Pittsburgh, Canton, Beavertown, Greensburg, Salem, Beaver Mills, Petersburg, Poland, Sandy Store, Fairfield, Yellow Creek, and New Lisbon. Martin Helman was appointed President of the bank ; Elderkin Potter, Cashier ; and Fisher A. Blocksom, Attorney. The old stone house east of the Methodist Episcopal church was soon after erected for a banking-house, and used many years for that purpose. The bank, having ceased to do business for many years, owing to the monetary troubles of the times, was again reorganized in 1834 and 1835, and Andrew W. Loomis elected president and B. W. Snodgrass cashier. A new board of directors was also elected. The banking-house was in the two-story brick building on the corner of Beaver and TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 113 Walnut Streets. The directors under the new organization were Horace Potter, George Graham, George Endley, Chas. I. Coffin, William Carey, Joshua Hanna, John Burns, David Begges, David Small, George Garretson, Holland Green, and Benjamin Hanna. As near as can be determined from the data at hand, the bank ceased business about 1846. In 1846, B. W. Snodgrass and John McClymonds engaged in banking, and continued until the early part of 1852, when Dr. Snodgrass died, and the bank soon after closed, although McClymonds carried on a broker's business several years longer. About 1853, Thomas McCoy engaged in the banking business, which he continued about twenty years. In 1858, Lodge, Pritchard & Co. opened a banking-house, whose business is yet continued by Lodge & Small, the office being on Walnut Street. The village has another private bank, which was opened, May 21, 1879, by S. J. and D. W. Firestone, under the firm-name of Firestone Brothers, Bankers. The office formerly used for the county treasury is now their place of business. The First National Bank of New Lisbon.-This bank was established Nov. 7, 1874, with a capital of $50,000. The first board of directors was composed of John McDonald, R. B. Pritchard, J. F. Benner, 0. W. Kyle, and Ezra Frost. John McDonald was chosen President; R. B. Pritchard, Vice-President ; and 0. W. Kyle, Cashier. On the 4th of December, 1878, Mr. McDonald, the president, died, and J. F. Benner was appointed to fill that position. Dr. William Moore was elected to fill Benner's place as director. On the 9th of January, 1878, Cashier Kyle resigned, and Mr. I. Child was appointed to fill the vacancy. There has since been no change of officers. The present directors are Ezra Frost, J. F. Benner, R. B. Pritchard, John McVicker, and George H. Huston. The capital of the bank remains as originally fixed, and its business is transacted in a convenient office on Market Street, near the public square. INSURANCE COMPANY. The Columbiana County Mutual Insurance Company of New Lisbon was incorporated March 2, 1837. The first directors were George Endley, John Armstrong, Samuel Shriver, William Carey, William Helman, Joshua Hanna, George Garretson, Mathew Adams, and George McCook. The officers were John Armstrong, President ; George Endley, Treasurer ; D. B. Pentecost, Clerk ; Benjamin Pritchard, Peter Spiker, and Mahlon Briggs, Committee for the Appraisement of Property. The company met with considerable favor and at once became prosperous, but in a few years it suffered heavy losses which greatly impaired its vitality. At this time Benjamin Pritchard became treasurer and agent of the company, and under his skillful management the prosperity of the company was not only restored, but greatly increased. For nearly thirty years he ably discharged the duties of these offices, and achieved the reputation which his son, R. B. Pritchard, acting in the same capacity since 1868, has successfully maintained. The total number of policies issued from the time business was begun until June 10, 1879, was 26,060, of which about 6000 are now in force. The property insured amounted to about $8,800,000, and the premium notes to about $363,570. No extra or special hazards are taken. The presidents of the company have been the following : 1837-39, John Armstrong ; 1839-40, Samuel Shriver ; 1840-41, David Whitacre ; 1841-46, Robert Hanna ; 1846-52, B. W. Snodgrass ; 1852-64, A. L. Brewer ; 1864-73, S. W. Orr ; 1873, J. F. Benner (still in office). The secretaries for the same period were : 1837-38, D. B. Pritchard ; 1838-39, De Lorma Brooks ; 1839-40, James Clark ; 1840-66, David Anderson ; 1866-79, Wm. Baxter. The present board of officers and directors of the company are as follows : Directors, John Burns, Wm. M. Hostetter, D. A. Pritchard, Wm. Baxter, R. B. Pritchard, Wm. Myers, John Way, J. F. Benner, Ezra Frost. Officers: J. F. Benner, President ; R. B. Pritchard, Agent and Treasurer ; John Burns, Secretary. NEW LISBON POST-OFFICE. This office was established about 1809. Wm. Harbaugh was the first postmaster, and kept the office in his saddlers' shop,-a small log building which stood near the site of Myers' carriage-shop. Soon after, his partner, Capt. Thomas Rowland, was appointed, and kept the office at the same place. When Capt. Rowland left on his military duties in 1812, Fisher A. Blocksom was appointed deputy, and removed the office to a small building which stood on Market Street, and there kept it a few years. At that time the mail was supplied once a week, and was carried from Pittsburgh via New Lisbon to Cleveland on horseback. In 1815, George Endley became the postmaster, and kept the office at his store on Walnut Street. David Begges was next appointed, and also kept the office at his store on Walnut Street. During his administration John Depue was the mail-carrier, and used two horses,-one to carry him, the other to carry the mail-bags, well strapped on. He announced his coming by blowing a small horn in such a way as to produce various pleasing notes. Its signal was regarded as a warning for the people to clear the way and let the carrier have an unobstructed passage. Soon afterwards the mails were carried by the different stage-lines passing through the place. Since the time when Mr. Begges' connection with the post-office ceased the postmasters, in the order of their appointment, have been William D. Ewing, Nathaniel Mitchell, Benezet F. Thompson, Alfred McCaskey, John Robertson, H. W. Brown, William M. Hostetter, and B. S. Young. The last named was appointed in February, 1870, and soon after moved the office into the basement of the new courthouse, where it is now kept. Since September, 1867, the office has been a postal money-order office, and since 1871 the postmasters have been appointed by the President direct. The following is a time-schedule of mails for June, 1879 : ARRIVAL AND DEPARTURE OF MAILS. Westville mail leaves at 7 A.M., and arrives at 6 P.M. Salineville mail arrives at 12 M., and departs at 1 P.M. 15 114 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Hanover mail arrives at 12 M. and departs at 1 P.M. Moultrie mail leaves at 6 A.M., and arrives at 7 P.M. St. Clair mail leaves at 7 A.M., and arrives at 4 P.M. Mail from the north by railroad arrives at 11.30 A.M., and departs at 2.25 P.M., closing at 2.10 promptly. All mails triweekly, Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, excepting northern and Wellsville. B. S. YOUNG}, Postmaster. THE LEGAL PROFESSION at New Lisbon presents a brilliant array of names of those who resided here or maintained offices in the place. 'It is believed that the appended list of attorneys embraces nearly all those who established themselves in their profession, and that the dates given in connection with their names will at least approximate the time when they began to practice at New Lisbon. The first lawyer in the place, and also the first prosecuting attorney, was Obadiah Jennings, of Steubenville, who was appointed in 1803. It is not known whether he lived in New Lisbon. Very probably the first permanent lawyer was Fisher A. Blocksom. He came in 1805, and was in practice until about 1852, but resided in the place until his death, Dec. 14, 1876, at the age of ninety-five years, three months, and three days. About the same time, or in 1806, Elderkin Potter became an attorney in the village, continuing until his death, in 1846. John H. Reddick came about 1810, and remained four or five years. He is best remembered for his efforts to secure the release of soldiers in 1812 on writs of habeas corpus. William E. Russell came about 1820, and remained until his death, thirty years later. John Laird was an attorney for eight or ten years before his death, which occurred in 1830. Andrew W. Loomis was an attorney from 1825 until his removal to Pittsburgh, in 1840 ; Charles D. Coffin, for about the same length of time, when he removed to Cincinnati ; and David E. Harbaugh, from about 1828 until his removal to Detroit, about 1834. The two last named became judges at their new homes. A. L. Brewer practiced law at New Lisbon from about 1826 until his death, which occurred while in service as a paymaster of the United States army during the Rebellion. About the same time came William D. Ewing, who remained until 1850, when he removed to Pittsburgh. Dorsey B. Pentecost was in practice from .1827 until 1830. Charles, M. Aten located as a lawyer at New Lisbon in November, 1828. He remains in the place, but does not follow his profession. Isaac Stetson and a man named Loyd were among the resident lawyers from 1829 till 1832, and E. T. Merrick from 1830 until about 1839, when he removed to Louisiana, where he became chief-justice of the State. About the same time William S. McKaig removed to Missouri. David Small was admitted in 1838, but died soon after he began practice. James L. Vallandigham became an attorney in 1839, but in 1843 abandoned that profession for theology. He is now a resident of Delaware. J. R. Vanatta was a lawyer in the village about the same time. Alexander Curtis came probably in 1839, and was a partner of Theo. Umstaeter until his death, in 1840. Mr. Umstaeter then formed a partnership with Edwin M. Stan ton, which was continued until the firm removed to Pittsburgh, about 1850. James Mason was in practice from about the year 1839 until 1852, when he removed to Cleveland. Joseph E. Vance settled at New Lisbon about 1840, and practiced until 1855. He died in 1871. A short time before 1840, Thomas J. Morgan practiced law in New Lisbon as an attorney, and subsequently went to Brazil as a United States officer. John Clarke was admitted in 1835, and in 1840 began, and yet continues, the practice in New Lisbon. Clement L. Vallandigham became an attorney in 1842, but in 1845 removed to Dayton, where he achieved renown as a politician. He died June 17, 1871. His brother,, John L. H. Vallandigham, became a lawyer at New Lisbon, but removed to Hanover. James B. Blocksom, a native of New Lisbon, practiced there as an attorney about 1845, but soon after located at Canfleld. From about 1845, for terms varying from three to fifteen years, the following were of the New Lisbon Bar : E. J. Estep, John E. Clark, James Summers, John Watt, James H. Reeves, Samuel W. Orr, Moses D. Stallcup, William K. Upham, Jabez Beaumont, John M. Gilman, Thomas E. Fubrick, George M. Lee, R. D. Hartshorn, Lyman W. Potter, John W. McCord, John Reed, and Seth L. Wadsworth. J. H. Wallace came in 1849 to New Lisbon, where he continues in practice. Simon Wisden, who came one year later, is still in practice. Thomas S. Woods practiced in New Lisbon from 1851 until his death, in 1867. James L. Smith also practiced in New Lisbon from about 1851 until his death, in 1874. William K. Gaston practiced law in New Lisbon from 1854 until 1859, when he removed to St. Paul. Robert G. Woods, who became a counselor at New Lisbon in or near the year, 1854, continued there until his death, in 1873. James Clarke was admitted to the Bar in 1850, but has not confined himself to the practice of his profession. Attorneys named Lemoyne, Randolph, Curry, P. C. Young, and 0. W. Kyle practiced law at New Lisbon after 1860, but have all removed. The following attorneys, besides those already named, have practiced law at New Lisbon since the dates given, respectively : John W. Morrison, .1861 ; Solomon J. Firestone, 1861; W. A. Nichols, 1862; Conrad Hume, John McVicker, and Harvey Morrison, 1864; John M. Dickinson, 1865 ; Henry Frost, 1866 ; W. J. Jordan, 1870 ; N. B. Billingsley, 1873 ; Harmon Brown and W. S. Potts, 1875 ; Cyrus B. Dickey, 1877 ; and John H. Clarke, 1878. THE PRESS OF NEW LISBON. Early in life, Wm. D. Lepper, a native of Hanover, Germany, came to Pennsylvania, and in the later part of 1808 to New Lisbon. In December of that year he issued the first paper in the county, a small German sheet, which he called Der Patriot am Ohio. As it was but poorly patronized, it was soon discontinued. Early in the spring of 1809 he began the publication of The Ohio Patriot, in English. It was originally a small four-column sheet, and was issued by Mr. Lepper until 1833,—having been enlarged in the mean time to five columns,—when it was sold to Joseph Cabell, who made a further enlargement. In 1835, TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 115 Messrs. Hettzell and Gregg purchased the concern and issued the paper until 1839, when it became the property of Wm. D. Morgan, who continued as editor and publisher until 1852. That year Wm. H. Gill became the owner of the paper, and soon enlarged it. He was succeeded in 1857 by Mathew Johnson, who, early in 1858, was succeeded by Thomas S. Woods, upon whose death, in 1867, the paper passed to R. G. Woods, brother of Thomas S., who continued the pubication until his death, in 1873. George H. Vallandigham and others then had control of it for a r or two, when the Patriot became the property of . S. Potts, by whom it has been edited and published until the present time,—June, 1879. Ever since it was founded the Patriot has been a sturdy advocate of Democratic principles. New Lisbon Gazette.—In 1826, Robert Fee first issued this paper, and continued it about six months, when its publication ceased. Columbiana American and New Lisbon Free Press.— This paper was established in June, 1827, by Wm. Campbell. In 1828 it became the property of Daniel Harbaugh, who employed John Watt as editor. The latter changed the name to Western Palladium and continued editor until 1835, when Nathaniel Mitchell became owner and retained possession until 1839, when G. W. Harper and S. Corbett became proprietors. In 1842 they sold the paper to Joseph Wilkinson, who issued it until 1854, when it was absorbed by the Buckeye State. It was an advocate of the principles of the Whig party. The Aurora.—John Frost, in March, 1832, began the publication of the Aurora, which was continued by him until November, 1856. It was an outspoken anti-slavery and temperance sheet, and during the last few years of its existence was issued from an office on West Walnut Street, uniquely constructed in circular form. The office was, as the editor expressed` it, " built round, so the devil could not corner him." In its way the Aurora aided materially in moulding the sentiment of the community, and after the Republican party was formed, its mission being ended, it ceased to exist. In 1852, R. D. Hartshorn, a young lawyer of the village, began the Publication of the Buckeye State to advocate the principles of the Republican party. In 1854 he purchased the old Palladium, and in 1856 sold the united interests to Robert C. Wilson, who continued the Buckeye State until his death, in 1863. His son James succeeded him, and also died at the head of the paper, in 1866. Col. Garrettson S. Young then became the proprietor and editor until his. death, in 1871. His widow continued the paper a few years, when it became the property of E. F. Moore and P. C. Young. In 1875, Mr. Young relinquished his interest in the paper, which has since been edited and published by E. F. Moore. It is the leading Republican paper in the county. In April, 1867, James K. Frew began the publication of the New Lisbon Journal, and has since successfully conducted it as a local paper. The Merchants' Journal, a business paper, was begun here in 1865 by J. D. Briggs, but it was soon discontinued. In 1848, H. C. Trunick published for six months a small temperance paper called the Ocean Wave. Other educational and temperance monthlies have had a brief existence, but no further particulars can here be given. MUSICAL BANDS AT NEW LISBON. Various bands of musicians have been among the notable features of the place. The first band consisted of a few voluntary performers about 1813. William Hillman and Jacob Clapsaddle were the violinists; John Crafts, flutist ; William D. Lepper blew the piccolo, a r. J D. Gloss played the triangle. The, next band was organized Oct. 22, 1832, and was known as the Polymian Band. Thomas Lewis, of Pittsburgh, was the teacher. The roster was as follows : Leader, Joseph Way, clarionet ; David Schultz, C. F. Helman, A. J. Begges, William Collier, John Beaumont, and Hiram Medill, clarionets ; Ed. F. Lepper and Frank Richardson, bugles ; Robert Hanna, Jacob Ewing, Adam Endley, and Ed. Collier, flutes ; James McElroy and J. Casper, bassoons; William A. Hoover and Matthias Nace, violins ; Thomas Small and Thomas Beaumont, French horns,; William Till, trombone ; Samuel J. Hoover, ophicleide ; and Pat. Murphy, bass drum. For those days this band made a splendid appearance, but its organization was allowed to go down prior to 1840. In the fall of that year were organized Whig and Democratic bands, which were finely equipped by the party managers, and in the exciting campaign which ensued did good service. The rivalry stimulated them to practice until they had attained considerable proficiency. Removals and other causes soon led to their dismembership, and after a few years the place was again without a band. Since that period there have been several bands, but their existence has generally been of short duration, and at present the village is without such an organization. NOTABLE DAYS IN NEW LISBON. First among the marked days which characterized the history of New Lisbon was the anniversary celebration of the fiftieth year of American independence, July 4, 1826. Elaborate preparations had been made for the occasion, and the programme was faithfully carried out. The military was present in gorgeous array, and a speech was made by the most eloquent lawyer of the place, Andrew W. Loomis, Esq. This was followed by firing of cannon and other demonstrations of joy, which were heartily engaged in by a large concourse of people. In 1840 political matters ran high at this place, and on the 29th of August the Whigs held a grand demonstration. Such a large, good-humored throng of people had never before been seen at New Lisbon, some estimating the number at 10,000. There were displayed all sorts of queer emblems, which were made the vehicles of fun, wit, and sarcasm. Log cabins, canoes, skiffs, and other queer devices were moved on wheels. The procession disbanded in the northwestern part of the village, and there listened for two hours to Thomas Corwin, who entertained the people in a peculiarly fascinating way. He was followed by Thomas Ewing, a great man at that time. Half a dozen bands furnished the music. There have since been a number of similar demonstrations, but none which left 116 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. the impressions of 1840. On the 19th of September following, the Democrats had a huge gathering, which was addressed by Benjamin Tappan, Wilson Shaw, and William Allen, and at which the greatest enthusiasm prevailed. In some respects the effect was fully equal to that produced by the Whig meeting, and for many years the partisans referred to these occasions as marking an epoch in the history of their parties in Columbiana County. An elephant was first exhibited at New Lisbon in 1820, large numbers flocking into the village to see the show. The accompanying band consisted of a violin and tambourine. New Lisbon experienced many days of excitement, and some of rejoicing, at different periods, during the inception, building, and completion of the Sandy and Beaver Canal, from 1834 to 1846, when it was opened.* After a few years of doubts and discouragements, the village enjoyed another gala-day when ground was broken for the Niles and New Lisbon Railroad. The ceremony took place in the summer of 1856, Judge Newton, of. Canfield, performing the principal part. Soon after, work was commenced, and much of it was done by Henry Springer as contractor. Various causes delayed the completion of the road until 1866, since which time trains have been run with considerable regularity, and, with good prospects of another railroad, the place is rapidly recovering from the disappointment occasioned by the failure of the canal. MARKET-HOUSES. Soon after 1812 was built on the south side of the public square a market-house, which consisted of a simple roof supported by two rows of brick pillars. Here market was held twice a week, early in the morning. In 1830 this building was displaced by a more comely structure, built after the style of the old house. The council voted $14 to be paid for ornamenting the columns with bases and capitals. William Hillman was appointed clerk and weigh-master at $8 per year, and for many years served in that capacity. Articles lacking the proper weight were confiscated, and on a certain occasion, when a spirited young woman was charged with shortage in the butter which she had exposed for sale, she snatched the butter from his hands and smeared it freely over his face. In 1832 curb-stone market-places were provided, and in 1834 a Fairbanks hay-scale was erected near the market-house, and a place constructed near by to house the fire apparatus. The history of THE FIRE DEPARTMENT AND WATER-WORKS, owing to the loss of the records, is disconnected and incomplete. The town authorities delegated Joshua Hanna in 1829 to purchase a small engine, which required sixteen men to propel the brakes. It was called " The Tiger," and was placed iq charge of the " Phoenix Fire Company," after that body had provided thirty-three feet of hose. The whole was placed under the direction of fire-wardens appointed by the council. The little machine proving inadequate for the wants of the place, Mr. Hanna was again authorized, in 1835, to purchase an engine of greater capacity in Philadelphia. This he did at a cost of $485.391, and as he passed through Pittsburgh, on his way home, he * See chapter on "Internal Improvements." also purchased a dozen fire-buckets. The following year a fire-company was organized, of which Henry Janney was captain and served several years. He was followed by Mahlon Briggs, and under their leadership " The Relief" had numerous hot contests with the destroying element. To insure better protection and to prevent a general conflagration, steps were taken in 1836 to so amend the charter of the village as to empower the council to construct water-works. After considerable controversy the proposed improvement was made. A stone reservoir about 40 feet square and 10 feet deep was constructed at the head of Market Street by William Jellison about 1840. This supplied conduits along Market Street to Washington Street, branching east and west on Walnut so as to reach Beaver and Jefferson Streets, the whole costing $10,000. In 1874 a new and much larger reservoir was constructed, and the smaller one dispensed with. This improvement required a large increase of water-pipes, which were extended on Washington Street and Lincoln Avenue, and hydrants were provided at convenient distances. To secure these additional advantages a further expenditure of $12,000 was made. In 1837 a lot of land was leased of Benjamin Hanna, on the northeast corner of the public square, on which was erected an engine-house and council-chamber, which are yet in use to house the " Eagle" fire apparatus. These were purchased in 1867 in order to supply the demand for better protection against the fires which threatened the place. To man the engine a company was formed which is yet in existence, and has an effective organization. About 1850 the " Vigilant Hose Company" was formed to co-operate with the Relief Company, and in 1870 a new engine-house was built for these companies on the hill, from which that part of the village can be reached with greater ease than when all the apparatus was in the business part of the place. THE CEMETERIES. Early in the history of New Lisbon the people were sorely afflicted with a fever, which, in 1808, proved fatal to many adults. During the visitation of this sickness Reasin Beall set aside two acres for a cemetery on the south side of the creek, which was cleared up by Gen. Beal, Capt. Rowland, Fisher A. Block som, and a few others who were well enough to engage in this work. For many years this was the reposing-place of the dead, but after 1835 its general use was discontinued. That year Henry Springer began what constitutes a part of the present cemetery in the northeastern part of the village, and which, since 1876, has been controlled by a board of officers appointed for the purpose. It has been enlarged to contain fifteen acres, and has been improved to a considerable extent, presenting already an attractive appearance. The first interred here were the remains of Dr. Springer, the father of the founder of the cemetery, who died in November, 1834. At present several hundred dead repose there. In the western part of the village the German Reformed and Lutheran churches established a cemetery in 1815. It was laid out by Michael Stock, and is yet occasionally used for sepulture. The Friends' cemetery, in the eastern part of the village, was laid out by John Briggs, probably TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 117 about the same time as the above, and like it has fallen into a dilapidated condition from infrequent use since the village cemetery has become the principal place of interment. EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS. As near as can be learned, the first schools in the township were established at New Lisbon, and that place has always retained the most conspicuous position in educational affairs. The following history of THE NEW LISBON SCHOOLS was prepared for the State superintendent in 1876 by the Hon. H. H. Gregg, for many years an active member of the board of education : " We cannot give a full and satisfactory history of the schools of New Lisbon without going back to the beautiful spot of ground originally chosen by the first settlers of New Lisbon to rear the old log cabin school-house in which to educate their children. " According to the testimony of the venerable Fisher A. Blocksom, who came to New Lisbon in November, 1805, the lot or square of ground on North Market Street, on the hill, occupied from the commencement of the town for school purposes, was originally a beautiful grove of white-oak saplings or bushes, in the midst of which was constructed a rude log cabin school-house, of round logs and clap-board roof, and, according to the testimony of one who attended school in the rude building, light was admitted through oiled or greased paper, used in place of window-glass. The school-furniture of that day was not made of cast iron and varnished wood, in large factories, as at present, but was generally constructed of slabs, flat side up, adjusted by fixing pins in the wall, and desks to suit, and the teacher sat on a stool of primitive style, and desk the same, with rod near at hand to insure peace and obedience to his mandates. Inside of this rude but humble building the light was extracted from Dilworth's and Webster's Spelling-books, the English Reader, and Daboll's and Jesse's Arithmetics and the ' Western Calculator,' and other ancient school-books long held in remembrance by the older class of people. " And Mr. F. A. Blocksom says when he first came to New Lisbon this primitive log cabin school-house was presided over by a teacher named Wilson, and he thinks David Wilson was his full name, and that he continued to teach until the year 1808, when he died of a fever which prevailed and proved fatal in many cases at the time. He was succeeded by Reuben P. McNamee, who was afterwards county commissioner, and also by the Rev. Thomas Rigdon, a Baptist preacher, who was elected a representative in the State Legislature from 1813 to 1816. " This primitive log cabin school-house was succeeded by a hewed log house, which was at the time considered a great improvement in architectual style, and from the further testimony of Mr. Blocksom the school-board about this time was composed of Gen. Reasin Beall, Maj. Thomas Rowland, Daniel Harbaugh, and Fisher A. Blocksom. " In the last-named house John Whitacre taught school ; also De Lorma Brooks, who was a representative in the State Legislature in 1826-27, and now resides at Beloit, Wis. And of the early teachers I will name Thomas Mor rel, long a citizen of New Lisbon, and also a man named McKinley. And in later years Robert Whitacre and Jacob G. Williard taught school in this house,—the former for six years auditor of this county, and the last named treasurer and county surveyor, and is at this time county surveyor of Stark County. " The last teacher, however, who occupied the old building was the late David Anderson, who, for about thirty-seven years, well and faithfully served the people of New Lisbon as a teacher of youth. In fact, it was not until September, 1849, that the board of school directors declared the old hewed-log house no longer tenantable,' and Mr. Anderson and his school were compelled to abandon the premises and occupy a building on West Walnut Street which had been rented for them. " But many persons who graduated from this old log cabin school afterwards made their mark in the world. Three became distinguished in the medical profession at Cincinnati,—two of them eminent medical professors,—and one of the three served for several years in Congress. And a fourth became distinguished for his legal knowledge in the southern part of the State, and for his eloquence and distinguished ability as a representative in Congress. And in Cleveland are two bank presidents and one cashier, as well as an editor of a daily evening paper, who graduated from the old building ; and in Detroit, Pittsburgh, and St. Paul are legal as well as business representatives, and one holding an important official station, who can claim to have gone forth from the old log cabin school, or received their first lessons in the same. And I can also add the names or refer to several eminent ministers of the gospel who received their first lessons in the old school-house on the hill,—one of them, the Rev. Henry C. McCook, once superintendent of our schools, and now a distinguished minister of the Presbyterian Church in Philadelphia. I would also name members of the press in several States, as well as a recent governor of Colorado, but it would make my address or history too lengthy. " The old log cabin era, however, although useful in its day and generation, and productive of most excellent fruits, cannot strictly be called a public-school system in the sense of later years. The expenditure of the public-school funds only lasted a few weeks or months, when the schools were compelled again to fall back upon private subscription to keep or maintain an existence, and, as a consequence, those scholars whose parents were unable or unwilling to subscribe and pay had to cease their efforts at an education just, in fact, as they had commenced, and then fall back into the next class, and lose the position which they had striven to maintain while the public fund held out. " But this inequality ceased when, about the year 1848, our schools were organized under what was called the ' Akron law,' and $1603.78 were levied and collected for school purposes ; but, the records being lost or mislaid, we cannot give more particulars, only to say that the law was passed for the benefit of the town of Akron, and made general in its application. " In consequence, however, of the law being repealed or changed in its application to other places, on the 16th of April, 1849, the qualified electors of the school districts 118 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. composing the town of New Lisbon met according to previous notice, and adopted the act recently passed by the Ohio Legislature, entitled ' An act for the better organization of public schools in cities, towns,' etc. On the 28th of April of the same year an election was held for school directors under this new organization, which resulted in choosing Th. Umbstaetter, Daniel Dorwart, Robert Hanna, William D. Morgan, B. W. Snodgrass, and H. H. Gregg as directors. " Under this organization a tax of $1350 was assessed upon the property embraced within the limits of the New Lisbon union school district, said tax to be in addition to the moneys accruing under the general school laws of the State. " The schools were divided into three departments : first, the principal ; second, the secondary ; and third, the primary,—the teacher of the principal school to be, ex officio, superintendent of all the schools. And under this new organization we appointed William Travis as principal and superintendent ; Miss Harriet M. Converse, assistant ; David Anderson, male secondary ; and for the primaries, Mrs. Mary Tabor and Misses Harriet Canaan, Mary Ann Craig, Martha Thomson, and Rebecca J. Lee. " Rules and regulations were then adopted for the government of the schools, text-books selected, rooms rented in which to open schools ; and still the log cabin school-house was called into requisition for Mr. Anderson's secondary school. On Monday, the 14th of May, 1849, the schools were put into operation under the new organization, graded to suit the different departments, and a very general attendance of the children in all the sub-districts was reported. The high school or superintendent's department was located in the basement of the Presbyterian church, the two rooms having been rented for that purpose. " We must confess, however, that in the reorganization of our schools some opposition was manifested. The first school funds, $1603.78, having been collected under what was called the ' Akron law,' with the boundaries of the district somewhat different, injunctions were applied for, both in the Common Pleas and before Judge Spalding of the Supreme Court, and notices served to enjoin the school board from applying the said funds to the union schools a9 organized under the later act of the Legislature of Ohio. The applications for injunctions, however, were overruled in both the Supreme and Common Pleas Courts, and the school board was left free to apply the funds to the payment of the teachers' salaries and other expenses in the newly-organized district. " At the close of the first term, July 21, 1849, our progress under the new law stood as follows : number of schools and teachers, 7 ; scholars enrolled, 456,—males 227, females, 229 ; average daily attendance, 321. " The second term of our schools commenced on the 3d of September, 1849, and in renting rooms and preparing for the same the old log cabin school-house was declared by the board ' no longer tenantable,' and a new room was rented for the male secondary, under David Anderson ; and thus passed out of use, but not out of recollection, the venerable old public log cabin school-house, which so long in early times stood as a beacon-light to knowledge and education on the hill. "According to the annual report of the school board, the first year of the union schools of New Lisbon showed a

Receipt of funds to the amount of Expenditures for the year	$3487.94 1838.78
Leaving a balance of	$1649.15

" At the close of the term, in July, 1851, under the superintendence of Reuben McMillen, the whole number of scholars reported as enrolled was 447, with an average daily attendance of 326. " On the 14th of June, 1851, propositions were submitted to the voters of the union school district of New Lisbon, and adopted, authorizing the board of school directors to raise by taxation the sum of $5000, running through 1852, 1853, 1854, 1855, and 1856, with the privilege to borrow all or any portion of the above amount, and also to raise a sum sufficient to pay interest on the same. " The people seemed determined to have good and efficient schools in which to educate each and every child of lawful age in the district, and for that purpose they were willing to be taxed, as well for the erection of buildings as for other school expenses. " On the 5th of March, 1853, a vote was also taken as to whether there, should be one or four school-houses built; at which election 166 votes were given for building one school-house, and 92 votes for building four school-houses, thus putting our schools all under one roof, where the head can supervise the different branches, and thus make the system more uniform and efficient. " During the year 1856 a plain but substantial brick school-house was built on the beautiful location on the hill, and just where the early inhabitants of New Lisbon located the original log cabin school-house. The building is 55 by 80 feet, three stories high, having four rooms on the first floor for the smaller class of children, and four on the second, counting the recitation-room, for the more advanced scholars, and a fine large hall, covering the whole of third story, for examinations, lectures, or any other legitimate or useful purpose, and which, if necessary, can be divided and used for school-rooms. And I will add, the contractor was James Scott, who put up the building in the most substantial manner. And the members of the school board under whose administration this building was erected were as follows : Erastus Eells, James H. Shields, William Dorwart, Simon Spiker, George S. Vallandigham, and Wm. D. Lepper. " On the 6th of April, 1857, the New Lisbon union schools were opened in the new brick school-house, under the late David Anderson as superintendent; J. B. Harris, teacher of the high-school; Miss Lucretia Cole, female grammar-school ; Miss Sarah E. Roach, intermediate ; Miss Harriet Dibble, advanced primary ; and Misses Mary Ann Eells and Mary L. Watt, primaries. " This was really a new and eventful era in our public-school system,—a fine, substantial public building, where all the children and youth of the town could gather and receive instruction under the same roof, with an able instructor for each room, and all under the supervision and control of one superintendent. " Our present school system has been in operation in New Lisbon for twenty-seven years, and has become so firmly TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 119 established that no person could think of abolishing or changing it in any manner in order to cripple or render it less effective in the education of our youth. All parties join in its support, and we have the good sense to elect our directors free from partisan bias, and to so manage and administer the affairs of our schools that nothing of the kind shall creep in and corrupt the fountain and source of knowledge and education. Within a very few years we have expended about $3000 to modernize and improve our school-building, and it is now surrounded by a beautiful grove of evergreen and forest trees, to which the minds of our youth will wander back many times in years to come while in pursuit of their destiny in the outside world. " The branches regularly studied in the primary schools are reading, spelling, writing, arithmetic, and geography, and, in No. 6, grammar. The following branches were studied last term by scholars attending the high-school : reading, spelling, higher arithmetic, physical geography, English grammar, primary and higher algebra, geometry, geology, physiology, rhetoric, history, and bookkeeping. "On the first opening of our schools, in 1849, under the union-school system, the wages of teachers were low, ranging from $14 per month to $450 per year for. Mr. Travis, the superintendent. In later years salaries were gradually raised, and at one time the school board paid the superintendent as high as $1200 to $1500 per year. At this time the teachers of Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4 receive $35 per month ; No. 5, $40 ; No. 6, $50 ; assistant in high-school, $45; and the superintendent, $1000 per annum. " I will now give the names as well as the date of appointment of the superintendents of our schools. They generally taught the high-school, but were not in all cases superintendents when first appointed : William Travis, April 30, 1849 ; Reuben McMillen, April 24, 1850 ; George Fraser, April 24, 1852 ; J. B. Harris, Sept. 26, 1853 ; Henry C. McCook, March 31, 1855 ; David Anderson, April 24, 1857 ; T. M. T. McCoy, Aug. 23, 1860 ; W. M. Bryant, March 23, 1867 ; W. R. Smiley, April 11, 1868 ; I. P. Hole, Aug. 14, 1869 ; R. W. Tayler, June 6, 1873 ; G. F. Mead, July 5, 1875 ; C. C. Davidson, June 20, 1876, who is yet the superintendent." The present teachers and the number of pupils enrolled in each school are as follows : G. W. Henry, high-school, 78 pupils ; A. R. Martin; grammar, sixth grade, 42 pupils ; Miss Lena Lindsay, grammar, fifth grade, 38 pupils ; Miss Mary Sinclair, primary, fourth grade, 45 pupils ; Miss Lydia Ogden, primary, third grade, 63 pupils ; Miss Bella Child, primary, second grade, 73 pupils ; Miss Adelaide H. Young, primary, first grade, second division, 73 pupils ; Miss Lou Roach, primary, first grade, first division, 57 pupils. Total enrollment, 469 ; average daily attendance, 355. The present board of education is composed of J. H. Wallace, President ; John Way, Secretary ; John Burns, Treasurer ; H. H. Gregg, David C. Schultz, and George B. Corbett. Cold Run Academy was organized in the spring of 1867, by Joshua and Samuel Bowman, C. M. Miller, Hiram Chandler, and John Mason, to secure the privileges of a high-school for members of their families. A building was procured in the Bowman neighborhood, in which the school was opened, April 15th, with sixteen pupils, under the instruction of W. R. Smiley. The first term closed July 3d, and, the school having been successful, the fall term was opened with fifty pupils, twenty-four of whom had come from abroad to attend this school. Mr. Smiley left at the end of the year to become the principal of the New Lisbon schools, and the academy was placed, the second year, in charge of D. M. and J. R.-Carey, of Salem, who also conducted it successfully. The last term was taught by Ashbell Carey, and ended Feb. 25, 1870, with a reunion at the house of Joshua Bowman, of those who had attended the school. An aggregate attendance of 126 pupils was reported ; and, the mission of the school being fulfilled, so far as the founders were concerned, Cold Run Academy' was discontinued. The Schools of the Township.—An early school was taught on the present Infirmary farm by Philip Athee, and where is now the house of Wm. Rudisill. John Stough, John Mason, George Rudisill, and John J. Bowman put up a building very early for a school in that neighborhood. Among the pioneer teachers were Jonas Bowman, Jesse Hoops, Wm. D. Ewing, and Jemima Reed. No satisfactory record of the early condition of the schools is in existence. In 1878 the exhibit was as follows :

District. Clerks of District	Males of School Age.	Females of School Age	Total.
No. 1. Charles Chandler No. 2. F. B. Chandler No. 3. Wm. A. Stockman No. 4. Wm. Johnson No. 5. Jason Morgan No. 10. George W. Vogan No. 9-11.* L. C. Marquis No. 11-13 + Charles Donnelly	35 12 24 18 19 58 20 36	36 20 19 24 13 58 19 32	71 32 43 42 32 116 39 68
	222	221	443

Most of the districts are provided with comfortable school-buildings, and, in a few instances, they are above the average condition of school-houses in the country. CHURCHES. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NEW LISBON. This is the pioneer religious society in the township. Its organization appears to have been effected in 1806, but who were the constituent members and by whom the body was formed cannot be learned from the meagre records kept at that time. Some time during the latter part of that year, or early in 1807, the Rev. Clement Vallandigham was invited to become the pastor of the congregation, and, accepting the call, arrived with his family at New Lisbon, May 22, 1807. He had been licensed to preach by the Presbytery of Ohio about a year previous to that time, but does not appear to have been ordained to the holy office. He was properly ordained and installed pastor of the New Lisbon congregation June 24, 1807. He was then in the prime of his life, and entered upon his mission with great zeal, faithfully discharging the duties of his pastorate, which embraced also several congregations in the southern part of the county. Of his life and character little can be here said. How well he succeeded in his ministerial office is shown by the large congregations which he gathered, and which remain to this day * Fractional district, partly in Elk Run. + Fractional district, partly in Salem. 120 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. to pay tribute to his worth and attest his many excellent qualities of heart and mind. He died at New Lisbon, Oct. 21, 1839, in the sixty-second year of his life, and in the thirty-third year of his pastoral connection with the congregation. The meetings of the New Lisbon congregation were first held in the old log court-house, and in a preacher's tent which had been put up for use in fair weather in a beautiful grove a little west of the present stone mills. Probably at the latter place, on the 17th of August, 1807, Hugh McClaren and Patrick McKaig were chosen the first ruling elders, and soon after were ordained. Jonathan Hamilton, Cornelius Dorland, John Travis, and John Moore were likewise ordained elders in a few years, but the exact dates cannot be given. In the month of September, 1807, occurred the first baptism of which there is any record,-James, the son of Davidson and Agnes Filson, living in the western part of the township. The original membership of the congregation began to be augmented early in 1808, and that year there were received into the church David Graham, Rebecca Beall, Susannah Hamilton, and Agnes Stewart. In 1809, John and Isabella Montgomery, Ebenezer and Sarah Martin, Wm. Davitt, Hugh Stewart, Nancy Mathews, Katie Hamilton, Mary McLaughlin, Betsey Jolly, Rachael Harper, John, Rebecca, and Robert Travis, John Moore, Eleanor McLane, and Mrs. and Mr. Scott. In 1810, Jeremiah McLaughlin, John and Ann McMillan, Andrew and Rachel Armstrong, Benjamin Paul, Charles and Mary McDavitt, Elizabeth Gibson, Jane Fife, Doretha Bowman, and Rebecca McCready. In 1811, Robert and Polly Ramsey, Peggy, Jonathan, and Sally Paul, Mr. and Mrs. Cross, James and Polly McKinley, Wm. McLaughlin, Eleanor Rose, David Scott, Wm. Crane, Wm. Shehan, ,John Hessin, Polly Davis, Polly Hamilton, Nathaniel and Jane McCracken, Susannah Bur-beck, Betsey Stibbs, Wm. McCready, John Gibson, Betsey Crane, Thomas King, Joseph Fife, Juda McKee, Peggy Graham, Nancy McMillan, John, Robert, and Sarah Whim, and Thomas Pollock. In 1812, Hannah Hamilton, Margaret Ewing, Arthur Burbeck, and Polly Gibson. On the 1st of April, 1814, the communicants numbered 137, and, of this number, about 60 had been received on confession. In 1820 there were 239 members, and probably at no period since then have there been less than 200. At present the membership is nearly 300. In 1814 the first meeting-house of the congregation was put up, nearly west of the present jail. It was a large, plain, one-story building, and in these days would be called very uncomfortable. The seats were high, and the aisles were paved with brick. Below the quaint pulpit was a seat for the clerk, who led the singing. This office was performed many years by Alexander Mathews, who lined the hymns or psalms, generally repeating two lines at a time, and then pitched the tune with a device somewhat like the tuning-fork at present used. Of course he did not always succeed at first, but the congregation was patient, and heartily joined in the singing after he was properly attuned. Around the church-yard was a high fence, along which were posts for the farmers to hitch their horses. On the 7th of March, 1836, the congregation was incorporated by an act of the Legislature as " The First Presbyterian Church," with the following corporators : George Lee, James McKaig, Joseph Hamilton, Samuel Martin, William Crow, Davidson Filson, and John Armstrong. Power was conferred to hold property not to exceed in value $6000, and provision was made for the election of a board of trustees. The purpose to build a new house now assumed tangible shape, and in February, 1837, Gen. John Armstrong, Elderkin Potter, David Begges, Horace Potter, and James McLaughlin were appointed a building committee. But the edifice which is now the place of worship was not erected until 1840, and not fully completed until the fall of 1841, when the pews were sold. The church is attractive, having been improved at an expense of $25001 and is controlled by the following trustees : John Ramsey, John Way, C. B. Dickey, Wm. Burbeck, Henry W. W. Bough, James Dorrance, and James Charters. After Mr. Vallandigham's decease the pulpit was supplied a short time, but in March, 1840, the Rev. A. 0. Patterson began preaching, and on the 9th of December entered upon a pastorate which continued until the spring of 1852. The year's vacancy which followed was supplied by the Revs. Wm. C. Stratton, James L. Vallandigham, and John B. Graham. In the spring of 1853 the Rev. Wm. Y. Brown became the pastor, and continued that relation until June, 1856. The same month the Rev. Edwin R. McGregor began a pastorate which was terminated Feb. 16, 1858. From Feb. 6, 1859, till 1866 the Rev. 0. M. Todd was the pastor ; from 1867 till 1871, the Rev. Robert Dickson ; from Jan. 6, 1872, till February, 1878, the Rev. George N. Johnson ; and since Jan. 1, 1879, the pastor has been the Rev. A. B. Marshall. In 1812, John McMillan was ordained to the office of ruling elder ; in 1816, John Thompson, Robert Ramsey, and Samuel Dickey ; in 1820, Davidson Filson ; in 1822, James McKinley and Wm. Crow ; and since that period Samuel Martin, John McKaig, John Armstrong, John Hamilton, Joseph Hamilton, Jonathan Hamilton, George Lee, Thomas McClellan, Hiram Myers, Robert Rankin, George S. Vallandigham, B. K. Roach, Robert Whitacre, John M. Todd, John Ramsey, Stephen Todd, James Hall, Thomas P. Thompson, C. B. Dickey, Wm. Mathers, John McDonald, and Wm. Burbeck. James R. Dorrance is the superintendent of a Sunday-school (maintained by the church), which has 190 members. THE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF NEW LISBON may be said to be an outgrowth of the West Beaver congregation of Associate Presbyterians. In 1829 that congregation had five members living at New Lisbon, who were occasionally supplied with preaching by the Rev. Wm. Dantlett, the meetings being held in the old log school-house. In April, 1836, one of these members, Erastus Eells, presented a petition to the "Associate Presbytery of Ohio," asking that body to supply them with preaching, and in response the Revs. David Thompson, James McSell, Edward Small, and others occasionally ministered for the next three years. In March, 1839, the Presbytery was petitioned to organize TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 121 and receive the congregation at New Lisbon as one of the Associate churches. That body honored the request, and delegated the Rev. David Goodwiller to perform the mission. This was accomplished April 22, 1839, when the congregation was formally constituted of the following persons : Mathew Adams, Mary Adams, Erastus and Janet Eells, Anthony Shafer and wife, Thomas, Susan, and James Starr, John Fugate, Mary and Samuel McKinzie, Mary Calhoun, Martha Livingston, and Alexander Patterson. The organization was completed by electing Mathew Adams, Erastus Eells, and Wm. Wallace ruling elders. The old brick Methodist meeting-house, on High Street, was purchased for the use of the congregation, and served it as a place of worship for many years. It was duly conveyed to the trustees, May 1, 1839, by the officers of the Methodist Society. In April, 1840, the Rev. J. W. Harsha became the pastor of the congregation for one-third of his time, the other two-thirds being allotted to the West Beaver congregation. He remained two and a half years. From the time of his departure, for the next three years, the pulpit was supplied by the Presbytery ; but in May, 1846, the two congregations called the Rev. S. F. Herron to the pastorate, and the following September he was installed. His connection with the New Lisbon congregation continued twenty-two years. When he became pastor the congregation numbered 26 members ; during his connection 89 joined, 35 on profession. It has now about 100 members. A vacancy of two years ensued, in which the Presbytery sent supplies, but on the 2d of November, 1869, the Rev. T. A. Scott entered upon a three years' pastorate. From 1873 to 1875 the Rev. W. G. Nevin was the pastor, and after a vacancy of more than a year and a half, most of which time the pulpit was regularly supplied, in January, 1877, the Rev. A. H. Elder became the pastor, and is yet serving in that connection. In January, 1856, James Sterling and Wilson McLaughlin were elected ruling elders, and in 1870 David Bower was chosen. Both the first and the last died in 1875. The present elders are Erastus Eells, Wilson McLaughlin, J. T. Brewster, Stacy Wallace, John B. Clark, Moses Everitt, and James K. Frew. In the spring of 1859 a new church-edifice was begun on Walnut Street, on lot 276, by James Scott, for the society, and by the 1st of January, 1860, was ready for occupancy. It is a commodious brick building, and cost $4000. The building committee were James Sterling, E. B. Smiley, Benjamin Dilworth, James Scott, and Rev. Mr. Herron. April 15, 1859, the congregation became incorporated with the name and title above given. The present trustees are J. T. Brewster, James Scott, Moses Everitt; James K. Frew, treasurer. There is a flourishing Sunday-school under the superintendence of the pastor. THE FRIENDS' MEETING AT NEW LISBON. About 1813 the Friends living at New Lisbon and vicinity began holding meetings in a dwelling which was near Joseph Shawk's residence ; but about 1816 a small meeting-house was built on Jefferson. Street, which was used 16 thereafter as long as worship according to the customs of the Friends was kept up in the place. No records of this meeting have been preserved, but among those who attended there are remembered John Neil, John Briggs, Joseph Richardson, Benjamin Hanna, George Garrettson, Oliver Griffith, Samuel Myers, Harmon Fagan, Joshua Chandler, and Nathan Baldwin, some of whom were not strictly Friends. In 1829 the society embraced the doctrines of Friend Hicks, and, after a short period, became so much reduced by removals and other causes that the meetings were but poorly maintained, and finally were altogether abandoned. The society has long been extinct. THE GERMAN MEETING-HOUSE AT NEW LISBON was built about 1833 by the united efforts of the Lutheran and German Reformed congregations, which were organized here at an early day. William Helman, Peter Brinker, and Jacob Cublins served as the building committee. It was with some difficulty that enough means could be secured to prosecute the building to successful completion. Some of the funds used were collected by M. H. Shultz in Philadelphia, and friends in other localities responded with aid. Through the efforts of John Brinker and others a steeple and bell were added, some time after the church was built. This house yet stands, but presents a somewhat dilapidated appearance. It was the first church in the place that was not erected on the " Gospel Knob," as some people irreverently called that part of High Street on which all the other churches stood at that time. Concerning the congregation which worshiped in this house not much can be said. What little recorded history they had has been destroyed, and none of the original members remain to tell the story of their struggles for a permanent place,—now with hopes of success, and then with declining interests,—until their future existence as an organization became impossible. Among those who attended divine worship in this house, and in the old court-house before the church was built, may be mentioned families bearing the names of Brinker, Simonds, Crowl, Blecher, Worman, Bricker, Hill, Spiker, Walter, Bowman, Frederick, Springer, Mason, Stock, Arter, Small, Cublins, Rees, Clapsaddle, Nace, Schultz, Helman, Lepper, Adam, Rudisill, and Miller. Among the pastors were the Revs. John Stough, Mahnesmith, Sonnendecker, Harter, Swissler, and a number of others whose names appear in the sketches of congregations in the northern part of the county, and no attempt is made to introduce them here. About 1860 regular services were discontinued, but lately a small Lutheran congregation has again been endeavoring to establish regular worship. The preaching is supplied by the Rev. Sylvanus Schillinger. In the northern part of the township, Andrew Brinker and others were instrumental in the erection of a parsonage for the use of the ministry of the church in Salem township, which received the surviving interests of the New Lisbon congregations when they went down. THE NEW LISBON CALVINISTIC BAPTIST CHURCH. The records of this body have been destroyed, and but few meagre and disconnected accounts of its history can be obtained. It was organized some time after 1812 by a 122 - HISTORY OF . COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. minister named Azariah Hanks, who was also the first preacher, and had among its early members Joab Gaskill, Obadiah and John Campbell, William Paul, Benjamin Pritchard, Joseph Powell, Lewis Kinney, Henry Beck, Stacy Pettit, Ira Dibble, Susan Whitacre, and Eliza Lepper, and, in most instances, the wives of the male members. The two first-named brethren served as deacons. About 1815 a frame meeting-house was built on the corner of High and Jefferson Streets, which had an elevated pulpit, and a small desk below for the use of the leader in singing. The house was used by the Baptists and the society which took their place—the Disciples—until 1841. The Rev. Hanks was followed by the Revs. Thomas Rig-don, Jehu Brown, — Clark, and Francis W. Emmon. In 1827, 41 members were reported at the Association meeting, which assembled with the church, and which closed its career as a Baptist society. Soon after, a movement was here inaugurated which caused nearly all the members to connect themselves with what is now known as THE DISCPLES CHURCH. The reformation here begun forms such a prominent feature of the religious history of the county that an extended account of its inception and a full sketch of the church which cradled it into existence have been prepared from the memorial discourse of the Rev. William Baxter, the poet, evangelist, and pastor of the church when the sermon was delivered, March 7, 1875 : " But the point before us at present is the relation of this congregation to the great reformatory movement to which attention has been invited, which can best be understood by a brief history of the case. In the month of August, 1827, the Mahoning Baptist Association met in this village. Among other matters which engaged the attention of this body, it was proposed to select an evangelist to labor among the fifteen or twenty churches composing the Association ; this was deemed necessary on account of the languishing condition of many of the congregations, and the great lack of efficient ministerial labor in many localities within its boundaries. Among the preachers present were A. Campbell, then a Baptist, already giving promise of future greatness ; Adamson Bentley, the foremost Baptist preacher in the Association ; Sidney Rigdon, who afterwards became the right-hand man of Joe Smith, the founder of Mormonism, a man of great eloquence and at that time a shining light in the Baptist brotherhood; John Secrest, of the Christians, a very successful evangelist ; Joseph Gaston, of the same body, a man of deep religious feeling and a powerful exhorter; and last, but not least, from Steubenville, the teacher of an academy there, a graduate of the University of Edinburgh, one of the best-educated men in the West, a natural orator, a born genius, who had abandoned the religious views in which he had been brought up, and was seeking diligently by the light of God's word the old paths : his name was Walter Scott. On this man, though not a member of the Association, but occupying a place by courtesy, fell the choice of the ministers present as the proper man to go forth to arouse the churches to a sense of their duty and sinners to a sense of their danger. "This unexpected choice caused the subject of it to look upon it as providential, and, regarding the call of the Association as a call from Heaven, he entered at once upon his work. His first resolve was that he would not preach any of the peculiar doctrines of the Baptists, but would make the apostles his models, and thus reproduce the ancient gospel. Full of this purpose, he came to New Lisbon about the middle of November of the same year, and, in the Baptist meeting-house, began a series of meetings during the week which were intended to continue over Sunday. The novelty of his mode of preaching and his rare and impressive eloquence soon gained him a large audience. The entire village was aroused and excited ; the preacher brought strange things to their ears, and on Sunday the crowd was greater than ever before ; the church was crowded, the entrance thronged, and the preacher somewhat excited by the great desire manifested to hear him. His theme was the confession made by the apostle Peter, in the words, ‘Thou art the Christ, the Son of the living God' (Matt. xvi. 16), and the promise made by Christ to him that he would intrust to him the keys of the kingdom of heaven, or the high privilege of first unfolding to men the gospel plan of salvation. In proof of the correctness of this view, he led his hearers to Jerusalem, and portrayed as they had never heard before the wonderful scenes of the day of Pentecost. He followed Peter through his discourse after the descent of the Holy Spirit. They seemed to hear the voice of the apostle as he charged on his hearers the guilt of the Saviour's death, which forced from their lips the heartfelt, agonizing cry, Men and brethren, what shall we do ?' and then, with startling power and emphasis, gave the apostle's reply : ' Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ, for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit.' None of his hearers had ever listened to such preaching before ; and those who accepted the Bible as true felt that they could not gainsay it, for he presented no view or theory of his own, but uttered the very words of the inspired apostle. Just as he had closed his description of that wonderful scene, a gentleman well known and highly respected came to the door of the church and joined the interested group of listeners, and heard the preacher make the declaration in reference to the truth he had preached, that the word of God meant just what it said, and briefly repeat the scene above described, with the earnest cry of the multitude, and the full, clear, and convincing answer ; and when the preacher asked if there was any one present who believed what he taught, and was ready to take God at his word by instant obedience, the audience and preacher were both surprised to see this man press his way through the throng to where the preacher stood, and say, ' I do,' and express his willingness to be baptized at once for the remission of sins. The preacher for a moment was at a loss how to understand the meaning of the stranger's course ; but, on making inquiry, he found that he was a man of more than ordinary intelligence and highly esteemed by his neighbors. He yielded to his wishes, and publicly baptized him according to the apostolic command for the remission of sins, in the stream which flows almost in sight of where I now stand. TOWNSHIP OF CENTRE - 123 " Sudden conversions are generally looked upon with suspicion, but this, as the sequel proved, was no sudden fancy, but the carrying out of a purpose long and earnestly cherished. The doctrine he embraced was not one heard of for the first time and adopted without investigation, but one that had long been entertained from his own independent reading of the word of God ; and up to that day he was under the impression that he was alone in that belief. His name was William Amend, a calm, meditative man, whose life was such that he enjoyed the confldence and respect of the entire community, and was regarded by the religious people as an Israelite indeed. His own account of the matter, contained in a letter addressed to the writer of this article, is one of interest ; and, as one of the most important features of the reformation was inaugurated in his case, we insert it here. His letter is dated Hiawatha, Kansas, July 23, 1872, and is as follows : "DEAR SIR: In answer to yours of the 16th, I will begin with myself. My parents were Presbyterians, my wife a Methodist ; we married April 18, 1818. In 1822 we joined the Presbyterian Church. In the fall of 1826, Mr. Vallandigham, the pastor of that church, commenced preaching on election, foreordination, total depravity, etc., which soon disturbed my mind. I did not believe that man was so bad as he said ; neither did I believe that God was partial,—that he must have just so many, no more and no less. So I began to investigate these things. I soon found that God was no respecter of persons,—that the election was in regard to character; and by this I also learned the ancient gospel. I now discovered that I was not a baptized person. I went to see Mr. Vallandigham about these things, and he told me that I wanted to pry into God's secrets that I could not know,—that I was tempted, and he was afraid it was of the Evil One. He then asked me if I ever had any correspondence with Alexander Campbell, or if I had ever read any of his writings. I told him that I had not. Well,' said he, 'you have got hold of Campbell's doctrine.' Said I, If that is so, he must be an ancient gospel man, but I learned these things from the Bible.' So, after many hard struggles to overturn my arguments, he said, Well, if nothing else will do you, I will immerse you, but I do not like to adopt the plan." Why ?' said I. He said, If I immerse you, some more will want to follow your example. I will immerse you, but it is not essential to salvation.' I then told him that he should not immerse me ; that I would wait until I could meet a man who believed the gospel. So we agreed to part. After that I sometimes went to the Baptist meeting; it was a social prayer-meeting; Bro. Joab Gaskill was bishop. I took part with them that day. I lived five miles from Lisbon, and Gaskill four miles, and Gaskill wished me to go home with him. I went, and we conversed upon these things and upon the ancient order of the gospel, which was altogether new to him. Just two weeks after that, Bro. Scott commenced preaching the ancient gospel; and on the Friday night before, I was reading the second chapter of Acts to my wife at home. I said to her, This is just what we need to make us fit subjects to wait upon the Lord.' She said, Well, you had better go and preach it;' and I replied, ' The first man I meet that will preach this gospel and promise to live it, I will go with him, let the world say what it will.' On Saturday, Bro. John Campbell sent one of his sons to tell me that a very smart man by the name of Scott would preach the next day at eleven o'clock, and that he wished me to hear him. I promised to go, and did so. When 1 got there the house was full; I went up the steps to the door, but could get no farther. Bro. Scott had the commission for his text, and went to Jerusalem as the Lord commanded. Very soon I found that this was the man I had promised to go with. When he got to the place where they cried out to Peter and the rest of the apostles, Men and brethren, what shall we do to be saved ?' he asked, What did Peter tell them ?' He paused as if waiting for an answer, and then said, I will tell you a secret.' He then repeated Peter's reply Repent and be baptized, every one of you, in the name of Jesus Christ, for the remission of sins, and ye shall receive the gift of the Holy Spirit;' and said, This is the secret.' He then cried out, ' If there is any person present who is willing to take God at his word, now is the time to come.' I then went forward, pressing through the crowd till 1 got to him. He took me by the hand and said, Is there any person present who knows why this man should not be baptized for the remission of sins ? If so, let him tell it now, or forever hold his peace.' Bro. Gaskill then spoke up and said, ' I can receive and fellowship him with all my heart." Thank the Lord !' said Scott; you shall be immersed for the remission of sins.' The meeting closed, and I went with Joseph Powell to get a change of clothes; we then went to the water ; I was baptized, and came up out of the water. Bro. Scott delivered a beautiful address on the ancient gospel, after which I went to Bro. Powell's, changed my clothes, and went on my way rejoicing. " The events narrated in the above letter, beyond all question, establish the fact that Mr. Amend was the first man of whom we have any knowledge who, in modern times, so clearly and fully complied with all the gospel conditions of pardon as required by the apostles. The course he adopted, from that time forward, was required from all converts, and formed one of the most marked features of the reformation, and that order was restored here. " But the question may be asked, How can this be made to mark the beginning of a new era in the religious history of the times, when the doctrine confessed and obeyed is, in theory at least, the doctrine of all Christendom ? That it is in accordance with nearly all the creeds of the greater portion of the religious world may be learned by an examination of the most orthodox creeds, ancient and modern. The Nicene Creed, one of the most ancient and orthodox, declares that there is one baptism for the remission of sins,' and many modern creeds are scarcely less explicit, and the wonder only grows when we find the Scriptures teaching the doctrine in language even less liable to mistake than that of the creeds. The truth is, however, that, notwithstanding the teaching of both Bible and creed upon the subject, the doctrine was practically as utterly disregarded as if both creed and Bible were silent upon the subject ; of which no greater proof is needed than the fact that Mr. Amend, though a devout man and a constant attendant at church, and even a member of one of the popular religious parties, had never heard it before ; and an additional proof that it was practically denied is found in the fact that the preaching of it wag everywhere denounced as heresy, and those who embraced it were made the objects of persecution, as far as the spirit of the age would allow it. That such a state of things should exist is no stranger than that the Church of Rome should have become what it was when Luther arose, or that formalism should have almost wholly usurped the place of vital piety when Wesley began his work. " But to return to our theme. Soon after the baptism of Mr. Amend quite a number of others followed his example, among them his sister, Mrs. Conover, of Massillon (still living), Mrs. Elizabeth Lodge, Mrs. Watson, and many others. The Baptist church, almost to a man, embraced the views presented by Elder Scott, and, dropping the name Baptist, were known as Disciples of Christ ; and the meeting-house, now a dwelling, the first building east of. R. B. Pritchard's, passed into the hands of the new body. Here they were ministered to occasionally by Elder Scott and others, mainly from the Western Reserve, and their numbers were greatly increased. 124 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. " About 1838, Benjamin Pritchard became one of the elders of the congregation, and rendered faithful and efficient service for nearly thirty years. His house for many years was the preachers' home, and nearly every preacher among us in those days shared his hospitality. " In 1841 the present house was built, and, though under another roof, we are under the same foundation yet, with the same God for our God as those who worshiped here before us and have gone home, and with the same Bible for our comfort and guide. " Before the building of this house most of the preaching was by traveling evangelists, but for a season the church enjoyed the regular labors of Wesley Lanphear and Wm. Beaumont. Since the erection of this house the pastors have been Isaac Errett, five years ; P. H. Jones, three years ; Joseph King, five years ; Philip Galley, about one year and a half; and Wm. Baxter, about twelve years. Since October, 1875, Rev. A. Martin has been pastor. " A list of the brethren who have preached here at various times would be interesting, but it would perhaps be impossible to give such a one now. The following, though incomplete, will not be without interest : Alexander Campbell, Walter Scott, William Hayden, A. S. Hayden, John. Henry, Cyrus and Marcus Bosworth, Eli Regal, Jonas Hartzell, E. Hubbard, John Shafer, A. Allerton, John Applegate, C. E. Van Voorhis, J. H. Jones, D. S. Burnet, James and Joseph Gaston, George Lucy, Warrick Martin, Robert Forrester, W. S. Gray, A. B. Green, C. L. Loos, S. E. Pearre, Robert Graham, Frank Green, R. T. Davies, Alanson Wilcox. " During the year beginning with the labors of Elder Walter Scott, to which attention has already been called, about one thousand converts were made under his earnest and efficient advocacy of the ancient gospel. Every succeeding year since then has witnessed the spread of the work with unexampled rapidity. Not a single congregation of this body was in existence when he first began his plea, in 1827 ; now there are between three hundred and four hundred congregations in this State, and even greater numbers in several of the States farther west ; for instance, over four hundred in Illinois, a still larger number in Indiana and Kentucky, large numbers in Tennessee and Missouri ; they are to be found in nearly all the new States and Territories, in California and Oregon ; numerous congregations are also to be found in England, Ireland, and Scotland, and even in Australia, Van Diemen's Land, and New Zealand. During the year 1874, 30,000 additions were reported in one newspaper, and there is no doubt but that the entire number of accessions was 50,000 ; the whole number is variously estimated at from half to three-fourths of a million. " Such success never attended any previous efforts at reformation, and no other people ever had greater reason than we to thank God for the past, and to take courage for the future. " Nothing has ever occurred in the history of this town of such importance to the world as the sermon delivered by Walter Scott in that unpretending frame building on the hill north of us. Its echoes have gone round the world ; myriads of hearts have been gladdened ; the teachings of other religious bodies have been modified by the truth which he and his fellow-laborers so ably and earnestly presented ; and, great as the visible and direct results have been in the gathering together of a great and influential religious body, I have no doubt but that the indirect results have been equally great. These consist in part in weakening the authority of human tradition, calling attention to a neglected Bible, insisting on a teaching and practice which has express warrant in the word of God, and, more than all, in promoting the spirit of Christian union, which now prevails to an extent and degree unknown before. This latter work was a marked feature in the public efforts of all our early public teachers ; next to the conversion of souls, they labored for /the fulfillment of the Saviour's prayer for the unity of his people ; and had the disciples done nothing save this, they have been a blessing to the world. " Their platform of union—the Bible, and that only—is that to which all parties are tending, and where they must at last meet and unite. The tokens of this desirable consummation are cheering, and we say, God speed the day ! " Having recently returned to this house of worship, which for months has been undergoing a renovation, we feel as if we had got home again, and realize that it is a fitting time to review our past history, and draw from it hope and encouragement for the future. " God, in his providence, has given us at last an historic prominence in this the most advanced religious movement of our times. Let us see to it that we are faithful to the high trust committed to our hands. By the example of those of our number who have died in the faith, we are urged to an emulation of their virtues. Their God is ours ; and if, like them, we persevere to the end, we shall gain the rest into which they have entered." The church at present reports 250 members, and has as elders B. F. Frederick and William Moore ; deacons, R. B. Pritchard and N. M. Clunk. For the past sixteen years Abel Lodge has been the superintendent of a flourishing Sunday-school. It has an average of over 100 members, and maintains a good library. TRINITY CHAPEL (PROTESTANT EPISCOPAL). The services of the church were held in New Lisbon as early as 1847 and at later periods, but no organization was effected until April 13, 1863, when thirty persons were formed into a society. On the 5th of May, 1863, Fisher A. Blocksom was elected Senior Warden ; John Clarke, Junior Warden ; and Joseph E. Vance, Belus Lounsberry, John H. Morrison, Seth L. Wadsworth, A. J. Blocksom, Wm. Hostetter, Henry T. Aten, and H. H. Gregg, Vestrymen. The Rev. A. T. McMurphy became the rector of the society, and remained until 1866. Lay services were then held until 1871, when the Rev. George S. Vallandigham became the rector, continuing until his death, in March, 1873. Since then services have been supplied by neighboring rectors and by laymen. The meetings were first held in the German church, and then in the court-house until the fall of 1876, when a chapel was secured in a building standing on lot 161. It has been fitted up in a neat manner, is owned by the society, and is free from debt.