(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 150 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. frame meeting-house was built in the western part of the village, which is yet the home of the society. The first trustees were Gilbert Williamson, Thomas. Case, and J. F. Richey. The church has enjoyed the ministerial labors of the Revs. Hanger, Hurd, Winget, McCowan, Nelson, and Cameron ; but for the past year-1878-79-has had no regular pastor. The present membership is about 80. John Stapleton, David Grim, and John Bushong are trustees. CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF COLUMBIANA. A temporary organization of persons of this faith (Disciples) to the number of seven was effected, Dec. 29, 1876, by the Rev. J. F. Callahan, an evangelist. Meetings were thereafter held in the school hall, and in January, 1878, the organization was placed upon a permanent basis by the selection of the following officers : Elders, Obadiah Klingingsmith and David Hoffman ; Deacons, Peter M. Wansettler, George Beck, and J. M. Williams ; Trustees, J. F. Callahan, J. M. Williams, and P. M. Wansettler. In August, 1878, a hall on Main Street was fitted up for the use of the society, and is now its place of worship. The members number 23, and since April, 1879, have been under the pastoral direction of Rev. Herman Reeves, who then succeeded Mr. Callahan. He is also the superintendent of the Sabbath-school, which has 45 members. PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF COLUMBIANA. Application for the formation of a church was made to the Presbytery of New Lisbon, May, 1865, and that body appointed Revs. A. B. Maxwell, William Gaston, and Elder Hugh Dobbins a committee to attend to the prayer of the petition. After deliberating several days, the church was organized May 13, 1865, with 13 members, and George 0. Frasier, J. T. Barclay, and William Geiger as trustees. In July, Rev. William C Faulker, a licentiate, began his ministry with the church, and was ordained to the pastoral office the following October. He remained a year, and was followed, January, 1867, by Rev. John Gilmore, whose pastorate extended to 1868. In November, 1868, Rev. J. G. Hall became pastor, and remained for a little more than a year. In December, 1870, Rev. William C. Smith succeeded, and continued until April, 1872. The next pastor was Rev. T. P. Johnson, who remained more than one year. Since the fall of 1874 the Rev. A. B. Maxwell has ministered to the church as a stated supply, in connection with his pastorate of the church at Leetonia. In May, 1867, John Campbell and Robert Close were elected the first ruling elders ; March 31, 1870, William Geiger and George 0. Frasier were chosen ; and in January, 1877, J. H. Trotter and 0. N. Gaylord became the elders of the church. The membership in May, 1879, was 35, and the Sunday-school had 40 members. The first meetings were held in the school hall ; but in 1867 the present frame meeting-house was erected by Hiram Bell for the society. While the frame was being raised, one of the workmen, Thomas Taylor, of Middleton, was killed by falling timbers. The present trustees are John G. Beatty, J. H. Trotter, and William Shier. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF COLUMBIANA. Among the settlers of the northern part of the township who were Methodists were the McGregory and Hum families, John Voglesong, William Wright, John Maury, John Fitzpatrick, and others, to the number of a score. Preaching was supplied about once a month by the clergy on the old Beaver circuit, a full list of which is given in an account of the New Lisbon church. In 1834 a small meeting-house was built on the Petersburg road, under the trusteeship of John Voglesong and John Fitzpatrick, which was intended primarily for the Methodists, but was to be free for other denominations when not occupied by the former. It was dedicated by Father Swazey, one of the pioneer Methodist ministers. This house was used until 1859, when the present church-edifice, on the lower part of Main Street, was erected by a building committee composed of William Wright, Daniel Deemer, and Daniel Stouffer. It is a well-proportioned brick building, and has lately been much beautified. In 1873 a parsonage was erected on the lot next south. The trustees of this property, in 1879, were Jacob Beard, Samuel Sheets, Daniel Stouffer, J. B. Powell, William Wallace, John Beard, David Esterly, E. Greenamyer, and E. Overholser. The pastors of the church since Columbiana was detached from the appointments in the southern part of the county have been as follows : 1854, J. Ansley ; 1855, J. Ansley, G. Pollock ; 1856, George Crook, J. D. Turner; 1857-58, G. D. Kinnear ; 1859, D. Hess, L. S. Keagle ; 1860, D. Hess, M. S. Kendig ; 1861, J. McCarty, W. Long; 1863, G. D. Kinnear, L. Payne ; 1864, J. Burbidge, E. M. Wood ; 1865, A. J. Rich, J. H. Conlee ; 1866-67, R. Cunningham, L. A. Tallman ; 1868-70, J. J. Jackson, D. Momeyer, Wm. J. McConnell ; 1871, T. S. Hodgson ; 1872- 73, Wm. Darby ; 1874, J. J. Hays ; 1875, J. Z. Moore ; 1876-77, A. E. Ward ; 1878, C. H. Edwards. The church has a membership of 162 in full standing and on probation, and has a flourishing Sunday-school, of which O. T. Holloway is superintendent. EAST FAIRFIELD METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Methodist meetings were held in East Fairfield as early as 1835, but no organization was attempted until a few years later. Among those who were instrumental in forming a society remembered George H. Brown, Wm. Ensign, and William Henderson. About 1842 a small house of worship was built and used until the present edifice was completed, in 1876. The new building has a very inviting appearance, and was erected by a committee composed of George Jeffries, Lambert Williamson, and Joseph Patton. They, with Robert Martin, constitute the board of trustees. The old house was sold to the citizens of the village, who have converted it into a public hall. The church has about 40 members, and has been served by the same ministers as the church of Columbiana. The present preacher is Rev. C. H. Edwards. WESLEYAN METHODIST CHURCH OF LIBERTY HILL. After 1840 a number of members of the Methodist Episcopal church in, Fairfield withdrew and formed themselves TOWNSHIP OF FAIRFIELD - 151 into a society with the above name. Meetings were first held at the houses of John and Adam Hum, who were among the chief members of the society, but in 1847 a small house of worship was built near the cemetery in the northern part of section 14, which was used until 1873. That year a new church was built in the locality called Humtown, which was consecrated by the Rev. Adam Crook, April 10, 1873. At the same time a conference of the denomination was held there. The present trustees of this house are John Van Fossan, Adam Hum, and Barnard Jackman. The membership of the church is small, numbering but 14. Samuel Lower is class-leader, and Rev. H. S. Childs pastor. Among others who have preached to this people are remembered Revs. Selby, Trago, Savage, Beckwith, Lawhead, Palmer, and Nolen. BETHEL METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Some time before 1840 a meeting house was built of logs on the farm of Elias Holloway, on section 29, which was at one time occupied by a large and very flourishing congregation of more than 100 members. Among these were persons belonging to the Freed, Zepernick, Ney, Croft, Crook, Ward, Rogers, Henry, Wallahan, and other families. The organization of Methodist societies in the surrounding villages, and the removal of members, so much weakened the society that it was allowed to go down before 1860. Since then occasional meetings have been held, but the building is now unfit for further use. UNION CHURCH OF UNIONVILLE. About 1835 the people of the western part of the township built a small meeting-house on the present Bielhart place, on the New Lisbon road, in which a society of Bible-Christians and others worshiped, the latter belonging chiefly to the Church of God, or " Winebrennarians." The principal ministers were Revs. Andrew Range and E. Louge. In the course of ten years this house was removed to a point on section 20, three-quarters of a mile northeast from its old site. The title to the new property was vested in Samuel Ney, David Galbraith, and Samuel Heaton, and their successors, as trustees, " to be free to all the sons and daughters of Adam" for public worship. Since then the house has been occupied by various sects besides the denominations before named, but no society haformed in this locality. The building has lately suffered from disuse. For a number of years a good Sunday-school was conducted there by Rev. J. Anglemeyer, of the Church of God, who lived in the neighborhood. NOLD MENNONITE CHURCH. The house of worship of this denomination, near the west line of section 7, was erected in 1873. It is a neat but unpretentious structure of brick, 40 by 48 feet, on a fine knoll, on which have been left standing many handsome forest-trees. It is the second house which has occupied this place. Its predecessor was a log building, put up about 1828 by the Nolds, Stouffers, and others in Beaver and Fairfield townships, who entertained the Mennonistic belief. Preaching was held alternately in this and in the Overholser neighborhood soon after the country was settled, and thereafter in the Metzler neighborhood, the three churches having always had the service of the same pastors. The principal ministers have been Jacob Overholser, Jacob Nold, Henry Stouffer, Rudolph and John Blosser, Jacob Wissler, and Samuel Good. The present ministers are Jacob Culp, Joseph Bigler, and Peter Baysinger. The church has about 50 members, and is under the trusteeship of John Z. Nold and Jacob Stouffer. SOCIETIES. ALLEN LODGE, NO. 276, F. AND A. M. This organization is at Columbiana, and was chartered Aug. 1, 1855, on the petition of the following persons: George Lamb, D. K. Bertolette, John C. Ansley, R. H. Carpenter, John M. Allen, Benjamin Allen, Moses Mendenhall, Lewis W. Vale, Thomas C. Allen, John Baker, Allen Coulson, Philip Fetzer, and John L. D. Heinman. D. K. Bertolette was elected the first Master; John C. Ansley, Senior Warden ; and R. H. Carpenter, Junior Warden. The meetings of the Lodge have since been regularly held at Columbiana. There have been 166 members, but deaths, removals, and the formation of lodges at Leetonia and East Palestine have reduced the membership to 40. The present officers are, William Lamb, M. ; E. S. Holloway, S. W. ; A. C. Bell, Jr., J. W.; B. F. Todd, Sec.; Augustus Miller, Treas.; C. E. Mason, S. D.; R. H. Carpenter, J. D. PANORA LODGE, NO. 410, I. O. O. F., was organized at Columbiana, Nov. 18, 1869, with 14 members and the following officers: A. Sturgeon, N. G.; J. T. Barclay, V. G. The Lodge has had 85 members, and at present reports 60, having the following officers : William Brenneman, N. G.; Levi Arnold, V. G.; Hiram H. Crouse, Sec.; A. C. Bell, Jr., Per. Sec. ; Dale S. Stouffer, Treas. The village of Columbiana has had other societies, chiefly of the nature of temperance, musical, and literary associations. STOCK-GROWERS' ASSOCIATION OF EAST FAIRFIELD. In the spring of 1872, Isaiah Holloway, Thomas Holloway, C. P. O'Hanlon, Isaac Stallcup, T. B. Crook, and others, combined to establish monthly cattle sales at or near East Fairfield. Stock-pens were built near the brook west of the village, and sales successfully begun. This satisfactory result induced the formation of the present association and the holding of a fair in the fall of 1872, on the ground prepared for the stock sales. The fair was a success, and convinced the members of the utility of their project and caused them to establish it on a permanent basis. Accordingly, the following year, 12 acres of grove land opposite the place where the first fair was held were leased from John Bradfield, substantially enclosed, and improved f the uses of the society. Here the fairs have since been held during three days of each year, and have been well attended. These have proven profitable and pleasant occasions. The average receipts have been about $700 per year, the greater part of which has been disbursed for premiums. 152 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. The first officers of the association were, President, Isaiah Holloway ; Vice-President, Isaac Stallcup ; Secretary, C. P. O'Hanlon ; Treasurer, J. J. Todd. The association has about 140 members, and in 1879 had as officers, Gilbert Williamson, President ; W. W. Patton, Secretary ; and George A. Jeffries, Treasurer. FRUIT INTERESTS. The southeastern part of the township, in its soil and local surroundings, appears especially favorable for the cultivation of the hardier varieties of fruit, and large quantities are grown annually. One of the largest orchardists is Nathan Cope, on section 24, who has seventy-five acres set with apple- and peach-trees. In the vicinity of Middleton village, Byron Cope, George Lower, and J. W. Kinnear have each about twenty acres of land in orchard, and others a smaller quantity. At the village, cider-presses and fruit-houses have been provided, and the shipments of apples, in 1878, by Detweiler & Entriken, amounted to more than four thousand barrels. There is also considerable land devoted to small fruits, the principal growers being George Lower and Benjamin Harrison, who each have about fifteen acres thus appropriated. At East Fairfield the principal orchardists are Robert Martin, Wm. C. Baker, and Job Hustis. THE PRESS. All the papers of the township have been published at Columbiana. In 1857, Revs. Kurtz and Quinter began, at Columbiana, the publication of the Gospel Visitor, a German and English monthly devoted to the interests of their society,—the Dunkers. In 1866 the office was removed from Columbiana to Dayton. In May, 1858, the first secular paper was issued by Black & Watson. It was called the Columbiana Telegraph, and was issued twenty-four weeks. In September, 1858, C. H. M. Beecher began the Ledger, and was its editor until 1861, when he went to the army. During his absence of six months R. L. King was the editor. Upon Mr. Beecher's return he published the Ledger a few months, when the presses were removed to Pittsburgh. The village was without a paper from that time until, April 14, 1870, when the first number of the Independent Register appeared. It was edited by J. M. Hutton for a number of gentlemen of the village, who furnished the office material. He issued but five numbers, when his connection with the paper ceased. In May the property passed into the hands of the Washington Printing Company, composed of E. S. Holloway, J. B. Powell, J. Esterly, A. Sturgeon, W. R. Knowles, who employed George Duncan as editor, who remained until February, 1871. From that time until September, 1871, R. G. Mossgrove was the editor. The company then sold its interests to Frank M. Atterholt and Noah E. Nold, but after a few issues Atterholt sold his interests to E. S. Holloway. The latter and Mr. Nold continued the publication until May, 1872, when Gen. Holloway became the editor and proprietor. In April, 1877, he associated with him his sons, John W. and Orlando T., under the firm-name of Holloway & Sons, who are the present editors and proprietors. The Register was enlarged with Vol. II., and again with Vol. VI. It is now a folio sheet, 26 by 40 inches, and is Republican in politics. The Columbiana True Press was established July 14, 1875, by L. and T. S. Arnold, and is continued by them as an independent sheet. It is a 24 by 36 folio, and has been twice enlarged. HIGHWAYS. It is said that the Salem road, entering the township on section 36 and passing out on 19, is the oldest highway in the township, and that what was formerly known as the " Warren Road" was next opened. Some of the other county roads were traveled before the organization of Fairfield. Since that period many good and convenient roads have been provided. RAILROAD. On the 1st of January, 1852, the Pittsburgh and Fort Wayne Railroad was opened through the township for the transit of passenger trains. Its general course is from east to west, being deflected north or south from a straight line drawn through the second tier of sections from the north. At Columbiana a station has been located on three acres of ground, part of which has been set aside for a park. Aaron Pile was the first agent, and was succeeded, February, 1857, by the present agent, A. C. Bell. The telegraph-office was opened in 1859, and A. C. Bell, Jr., was the first operator. About the time the station was located the Adams Express Company opened an office, which has since been in charge of John E. Icenhour. In 1873 the present depot building was occupied. The principal shipments of Columbiana consist of live-stock, wool, and W. About five hundred passenger tickets per month are sold. GEN. EPHRAIM S. HOLLOWAY, son of John and Lydia (Dixson) Holloway, was born in Fairfield township, Columbiana Co., Ohio, July 27, 1833. He was raised upon a farm, and pursued that calling until 1857. His education was obtained by an irregular attendance at a district school during the winter months each year until he arrived at the age of seventeen ; but his lack of proper educational advantages were compensated in part by a resoluteness of purpose, which has been a leading characteristic in all his undertakings. From 1857 to 1861 he followed the carpenter and joiner business. In October, 1861, he enlisted in the army as a private soldier in Company F, 41st Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and in the organization of the company was by a unanimous vote of the same elected first lieutenant. Early in December he was required to take command of the company, which he retained until relieved, by promotion to the command of the regiment, early in the Atlanta campaign in 1864. During four and a quarter years of service he was almost constantly on duty with his company and regiment, and of the fifty-eight engagements in which his regiment participated, among which were Shiloh, Siege of Corinth, Perryville, Stone River, Woodbury, Chickamauga, Brown's Ferry, Bald Knob, Mission Ridge, Rocky-face Ridge, Resaca, Picket's Mills, Adairsville, Cassville, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahoochie River, Peachtree Creek, Jonesboro', Franklin, and Nashville, he participated in fifty-four. On the 28th day of July, 1864, in front of Atlanta, he was selected by his brigade commander, Gen. William B. Hazen, to lead an assault upon a strongly posted line of the enemy, which had been attempted on the day previous by Gen. Gross's brigade, assisted by a battery, but failed after considerable loss. The assault was made across an open field through a marsh, a distance of about four hundred yards. Gen. Holloway, with one hundred and fifty picked men from his regiment deployed as skirmishers, dashed across the field through the marsh and into the enemy's lines, capturing twenty-eight prisoners, with a loss of but two men. He was commissioned first lieutenant Oct. 10, 1861; captain, Sept. 8, 1862 ; major, Nov. 26, 1864 ; lieutenant-colonel, March 18, 1865 ; and colonel, May 31, 1865. Upon the recommendation of Maj.-Gens. Samuel Beatty, Thomas J. Wood, David S. Stanley, H. G. Wright, and P. H. Sheridan, he was appointed and commissioned a brigadier-general of volunteers by brevet, to rank as such from March 13, 1865. Gen. Beatty, in addressing Gen. Lorenzo Thomas, Adjutant-General United States Army, upon the subject, said " I have the honor to invite your attention to the following brilliant record of Col. E. S. Holloway, 41st Regiment Ohio Veteran Volunteers, and respectfully recommend his promotion to the rank of brigadier-general of volunteers by brevet. " Col. Holloway entered the service as a private on the 10th day of October, 1861, and was soon after commissioned first lieutenant, and served in that capacity during the siege of Corinth. He commanded a company in the campaign through Northern Mississippi, Alabama, and Middle Tennessee, and in the Kentucky campaign under Gen. Buell. He was commissioned captain on the 8th of September, 1862, and served in the campaign against Murfreesboro' and Tullahoma, under Gen. Rosecrans, in 1862 and 1863, and in the Atlanta campaign under Gen. Sherman. He commanded the regiment in the campaign through Northern Georgia and Alabama, and in the retreat from Pulaski to Nashville. He was commissioned major on the 26th of November, 1864 ; lieutenant-colonel on the 18th of March, 1865 ; and on the 31st day of May, 1865, he was commissioned colonel, but could not be mustered in consequence of the regiment being reduced below the minimum number. He has participated in the battles of Perryville, Stone River, Picket's Mills, Franklin, and all the skirmishes and battles in which his regiment has been engaged, and was severely wounded at Kenesaw Mountain, June 21, 1864, while advancing the skirmish line. Col. Holloway has served constantly with his regiment at the front since its organization in 1861, and is a strict disciplinarian and an excellent officer, and I recommend that this rank of honor so justly earned may be conferred upon In indorsing the recommendation of Gen. Beatty, Gen. Stanley said : " As commander of the 4th Army Corps I have, for the last year and a half, known Col. Holloway. I fully concur with the recommendation of Gen. Beatty, and commend him to the government as a gallant, energetic, and meritorious officer." After the long service with his regiment, on its return to Ohio to be mustered out of service, and on the eve of muster-out, the officers called upon the colonel and presented him with the following testimonial, signed by every commissioned officer of the regiment: " FORTY-FIRST OHIO VET. VOL. INFANTRY. "CAMP CHASE, Ohio, Nov. 25, 1865. " Col. E. S. Holloway. "41st O. V. V. I. " SIR : The time has arrived for us to part. Before we separate, however, permit us to express the deep sense of the obligations we are under to you for the courtesy and kindness you have always shown us in all our social and official relations, and to bear testimony to your gallantry on the field of battle, your care and consideration for the sick and wounded, and to assure you of our lasting friendship and regard. You go back to civil life with the prayers and good wishes of the many whose fortunes you have shared during the four long years of the rebellion. They wish you prosperity, happiness, and honor in the fnture ; they are proud of your record, and proud of the record the regiment has maintained under your command ; they will emulate your example in the future, and ever regard the honor and interests of their country more than life itself; they will refer to the great battles and campaigns in which they have been engaged with no greater pride than they will with gratitude for their long-tried comrade and commander, and now ere they part from you, they tender you the homage of grateful hearts, and beg leave to subscribe themselves through every fortune your sincere friends." A day or two later, after all had again returned to civil life, the late officers of his command presented him with further testimonials in the shape of a fine gold-headed cane and superb editions of Hume's and Macaulay's " Histories of England," Bancroft's " History of the United States," and Scott's " Poetical Works." The presentation was made by Brevet Lieut.-Col. McCleary in a short address, which was responded to by Col. Holloway, who had been taken entirely by surprise, in a few words expressive of his heart-felt thanks for the parting testimonials he had received. The enlisted men of his regiment had a short time previously presented him with a solid silver set of four pieces, costing $150, as a testimonial of their regard for him as their commanding officer. On returning home from the army he resumed the carpenter and joiner business, which he followed until the first of March, 1868, at which time he was appointed superintendent of the Enterprise Agricultural Works, which position he held until September, 1873. In November, 1871, he purchased a half interest in Independent Register office, and in addition to his duties as superintendent of the Enterprise Works, took editorial charge of the paper. In June following he purchased his partner's interest (Mr. N. E. Nold), and has since that date owned and controlled the paper now published under the firm-name of E. S. Holloway & Sons. In politics he has been a life-long Republican, and has taken an active and influential part, both in his county, district, and State. In 1873 he was elected as representative in the State Legislature, and re-elected in 1875. Of his career in the General Assembly, Senators W. P. Howland and R. G. Richards write us : " Hon. E. S. Holloway was elected a representative of Columbiana County in 1873, and re-elected in 1875, thus serving in that capacity for four years. During that time there was not a more faithful and conscientious member in that body. He was known and admitted to be one of the most useful and able men of the Sixty-first and Sixty-second General Assemblies. " In the Sixty-first he took a leading part on the standing committees of insurance and public printing, and was appointed on the following committees of investigation : to investigate and report upon the conduct of the officers of the Soldiers’ and Sailors’ Orphans House at Xenia; also as the necessity of providing further protection to burial-grounds"; was chairman of a committee to investigate and report on the management of the Ohio penitentiary under the administration of Col. Junis. During the progress of the investigation Gen. Holloway displayed the qualities that gave him his reputation and rank in the military service ; for, despite all the obstacles with which the opposition endeavored to obstruct the course of the investigation, he conducted the work with indomitable will and unflagging zeal, and, although in the minority on the committee, set forth in his report facts that could not be successfully contradicted, and laid open to the General Assembly the errors and weaknesses of that administration, which brought about a willing reorganization on the part of the opposition, and saved to the State that important institution from general confusion and extravagance. The labor was so severe that the general's health failed him, and he was on that account confined to his room for nearly two weeks. " Then came what is known as the Wood County Investigation. A large and persistant lobby had for two sessions infested. the State capital, for and against the removal of the county-seat of Wood County from Bowling Green to Perrysburgh. The Perrysburgh party were at last victorious, but it was openly charged that corrupt measures had been used, that money had been tendered and taken by some of the members, for either withholding their opposition, or favoring removal. Never in the history of the State was there a more heated contest, more bitter feelings, and harsher language used in the course of legislative investigation than upon that occasion. Night after night, for over two weeks, the examination of witnesses continued, interspersed with frequent sharp and bitter contests as to rulings, etc. A report was finally reached, finding several guilty of attempts to bribe some of the members, and part of the committee, of which Gen. Holloway was one, made a report recommending the expulsion of certain members. Thus, with courage and a high sense of honor, he maintained, with a few others of his associates on that occasion, the regard and dignity due the Legislature of a great State. " During the Sixty-second General Assembly be was made prominent on the committees on penitentiary and reform schools ; was chairman of the committee on retrenchment, and saved to the State by one act alone $7000 annually, in abolishing a needless office that had been little less than a sinecure for years. "It was during this term that General Holloway unearthed the outrageous abuses practiced by the parties in charge of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans Home at Xenia, which resulted in the reorganization of that institution. Although maligned and misrepresented, he stood firmly by his guns until he accomplished what brought that favored institution to a condition better than it had ever before enjoyed. " The General was the author of several measures that will eventually result in great good to the commonwealth and in the interests of justice and humanity ; among them was a bill providing for district reform prisons. The bill gave evidence of great labor and research ; it provided for intermediate prisons where those found guilty of minor felonies could be confined, where those young in years and crime could be separated from older and confirmed criminals ; thus giving an opportunity for their reformation. Without extending this sketch to greater length, it is due General Holloway to say, that he is a man whose love of country, whose sense of duty and whose abilities are of such a character and of so high an order, that in whatever position he may be placed, his services would be valuable and satisfactory to all those who, like himself; have the greatest good to the greatest number as their object." In April, 1877, he was admitted to the bar, in Columbus, Ohio, and commenced the practice of law Nov. 1, 1877, and is rapidly building up a lucrative practice. On the 29th day of April, 1852, he married Miss Margaret Windel, of Fairfield township, who was one year his junior. There have been born to them five children, as follows : John W., Orlando T., Theron W., Owen B., and Carrie. four of FRANKLIN. FRANKLIN, occupying the western border of the tier of southern townships in Columbiana, was originally numbered township 14, in range 4, but, by the accession in 1832 of a portion of Wayne township, lies now partly upon range 3, and partly also in township 13. Its boundaries are Hanover and Centre townships on the north, Carroll County and Washington township on the south, Wayne and Washington on the east, and Carroll County on the west. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railway passes through the township between the southeast and northwest corners, and finds en route two stations,—Summitville and Millport. Water-courses abound, but they are trifling, and as mill-streams are of no value. The surface of the country is undulating, and in some parts hilly. It is an excellent agricultural region, and possesses, like the entire southern portion of Columbiana, a healthful climate. Coal is found in many places, but is not mined for shipping save at one point, on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, where the Ohio and Pennsylvania Coal Company have a small interest. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The first settlements in what is now Franklin township were made upon the eastern row of sections, which were, however, not included within the limits of Franklin until 1833, being previous to that date a portion of Wayne township. There, in 1804, Wm. King settled upon section 7, having passed over from Maryland. Of Mr. King and other early settlers upon that portion of what is now Franklin, mention will be found in the history of Wayne township. Wm. Laughlin was the first settler in what was early known as Franklin township. He came in from Pennsylvania in 1805, and located upon section 11, where Wm. R. Linn now lives. The next settler was Philip Willyard, of Frederick Co., Md., who with his wife and two children settled in November, 1805, upon section 12, where his son John now resides. Mr. Willyard lived upon his place four weeks before he found out that there was another settler in the township tract, and when he did learn that he had a neighbor in Wm. Laughlin, he was doubtless cheered into the conviction that there was a little less loneliness than he looked for. Fortunately for them, although winter had set in, the weather was not very severe, and so, being compelled at fist to sleep on the floor of their rude log cabin, before the opening in which a quilt, instead of a door, did duty, they managed to get along without serious inconvenience. Upon the place settled by Wm. Laughlin, it is said, Anthony Wayne camped one night with his troops, and the spot whereon he pitched his tent is still pointed out, and 20 the little stream upon whose banks he then rested is called Camp Run. Thomas Ferguson was one of Franklin's early settlers, the place of his location being on section 9, where William Davis resides (in Carroll County). Upon that same portion of Franklin (afterwards set off to Carroll County) Robert Smith, from Pennsylvania, settled upon section 9 in 1815. Before that time there were but few settlements in that part of the township, and of that period and the social condition of affairs a daughter of Robert Smith, now living with the family of William Davis upon the farm settled by her father, retains lively and distinct recollection. Their nearest neighbors were Hugh McElroy and his mother (a widow), who settled upon section 9 some time previous to 1815. James McQuilkin was a settler upon section 3, and west (in what is now East township, Carroll County), the few settlers were William Winder and Samuel Reeder, members of the Society of Friends. In the south, one of the earliest settlers was Jacob Marietta, who came from Maryland. John Morrison, whose grandfather, Douglass, fought at Culloden and settled in America at an early day, came to Columbiana County shortly after 1800, and assisted in building the paper-mill of Beaver* & Coulter, on Little Beaver, near what is now East Liverpool. In 1814 he located in Franklin township, and thence removed later to Hancock County. James B. Morrison, who was born in 1790, resided twenty-five years in Franklin township, lived subsequently twenty-five years in Wayne township, and Snow resides at New Lisbon. Contemporaneous with him, in 1814, in Franklin township's early settlement, were William Loughlin, Philip Willyard, John King, John McElroy, James McQuilkin, Thos. Ferguson, Samuel Brown, Adam Knauff, Adam Custard, Jacob Hackathorn, — Lucey. Shortly after 1814 those who came in were William—Phillips, James Anderson, William Knepper, James Smart, Thomas Coney, Hugh Linn, and Jabez Coulson, the latter being one of the earliest justices of the peace. Samuel Brown settled in 1807 upon the place in section 10 where William Linn lives ; James Anderson, in 1806, on the farm next north of the Willyards, and, north of that, William Knepper. Thomas Fife entered a quarter on section 1, and leased it to George McVey, a half negro. Moses Gillespie entered a quarter on the same section, and hired his brother-in-law, Anthony Dunleavy, to work it. Adam Custard, from Maryland, settled on section 2; John Morrison on section 10 ; John Brannon, of Pennsylvania, on section 14, now occupied by D. Lockard ; — Lucey on the same section ; and James McQuilkin on section 3. * Also spelled Bever. - 153 - 154 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Mathew MeGuin entered section 2 in 1812, because at that time there was upon it a school-house, which was erected when section 2 was still government land, and McGuin thought it an easy way to get a house for nothing. Thomas Cooney located on section 11 at an early day, and on the same section John King entered the quarter now owned by John Cooney, and sold it to Adam Knauff. William Laughlin, the first settler, was also the first justice of the peace, and performed his first marriage ceremony on behalf of Henry Hull, of Wayne (the bride's name is not at hand), who paid the squire three bushels of corn for doing the job. Laughlin put up on Brush Run, section 13, a grist-mill, popularly known as a " thunder-gust mill," which he built with his own hands, and in which he caused a hand-bolt to perform a lively duty. Dwelling upon the office of squire, it is worthy of note that Mr. John Willyard served as justice of the peace—with an intermission of but one year—from 1828 to 1875, a period of forty-six years. Salt was one of the luxuries of the time when Franklin was first settled, and $5 per bushel were gladly paid for it when it could be obtained, which was neither often enough nor in sufficient quantities to meet the demand. " Packing" salt over the mountains on horseback was a business much followed in those days by enterprising men, and, until the discovery of salt on Yellow Creek a few years later, was attended with profit. Franklin sent a number of her brave citizens into the service during the war of 1812, but of those who went out only the names of Daniel and John Lindesmith and Mawrey Kountz can now be recalled. John Clark, an early settler, lived on a fork of Yellow Creek in a ravine, and with his family found shelter one winter against a large log over which they had spread a bark roof. This was their habitation. until spring, and an uncomfortable one it was, but they, struggled bravely through the cold season until spring *set in, when a log cabin gave them better comfort. Flint and "steel served in those days the purpose of matches, and often settlers would go a long distance to borrow a firebrand from a neighbood to start a file when flint and steel were wanting. James McQuiikin, who learned his trade with David Ehrhart, of Hanover township, was the first blacksmit Franklin, and presumably a good one. Thos. Thos. Ferguson, was the first shoemaker, and the families of Rhino 'and Mary McQuilkin the first to use looms. John Morrison was the first house-carpenter, and Philip Willyard, Andrew Sweeny, and Hugh Brannon the first to make rye whisky. ORGANIZATION. Franklin was organized in 1816, and contained thirty-six sections, or a supposed area of six miles square. In 1832, upon the erection of Carroll County, Franklin was shorn of three rows of sections on the west, and at the same time received an addition on the east of one row of sections, which were taken from Wayne township, leaving the present limits of Franklin comprised within an area measuring four miles wide by six in length, and containing twenty-four sections. The first poll-book was made out in 1816 by James B. Morrison, who was at the first township election chosen to the office of constable. The existing township records do not antedate 1848. Between that year and 1879 the trustees, clerks, and treasurers of Franklin have been as follows : 1848.—Trustees, Robert Johnston, John Anderson, Jas. Roach ; Clerk, Daniel Willyard ; Treasurer, Thos. J. Huston. 1849.—Trustees, Jas. Roach. Jas. H. Johnston, Jacob Custard; Clerk, Jas. McAuley ; Treasurer, Jas. B. Hull. 1850.—Trustees, John McQuilkin, William Wallace, William Linn ; Clerk, Jas. McAuley; Treasurer, Jas. B. Hull. 1851.—Trustees, Jos. Rodgers, Patterson Coupland, William Linn; Clerk, Wm. Hays ; Treasurer, Jas. B. Hull. 1852.—Trustees, Jos. Rodgers, Patterson Coupland, Hugh Laughlin ; Clerk, Wm. Hays ; Treasurer, Jas. B. Hull. 1853.—Trustees, Jas. H. Johnston, Charles Heckathorn, Jonathan Brown ; Clerk, Daniel Morgan ; Treasurer, Jas. B. Hull. 1854.— Trustees, J. II. Johnston, Jonathan Brown, J. McQuilkin ; Clerk, Daniel Morgan ; Treasurer, Jas. B. Hull. 1855.—Trustees, William Sweeney, Hugh Laughlin, J. H. Johnston ; Clerk, Jonathan Niswonger ; Treasurer, Wm. McQuilkin. 1856.—Trustees, Wm. Sweeney, Hugh Laughlin, J. J. Coupland; Clerk, Jonathan Niswonger ; Treasurer, Wm. McQuilkin. 1857.—Trustees, J. J. Coupland, Wm. Linn, Francis Matthews; Clerk, J. Niswonger; Treasurer, Wm. McQuilkin. 1858.—Trustees, Wm. Linn, Francis Matthews, Benj. McKerrens; Clerk, Daniel Morgan ; Treasurer, Wm. Laughlin. 1859.—Trustees, Jas. H. Johnston, Patterson Coupland, J. McQuilkin; Clerk, James Phillips; Treasurer, Wm. Laughlin. 1860.—Trustees, J. H. Johnston, Patterson Coupland, J. McQuilkin; Clerk, J. Niswonger; Treasurer, P. Rogeis. 1861-62.—Trustees, Peter Smith, Daniel Carey, Wm. R. Laughlin; Clerk, J. Niswonger ; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1863-64.—Trustees, Martin Doyle, Francis Matthews, Wm. Sweeney ; Clerk, J. Niswonger; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1865-66.—Trustees, Jas. H. Johnston, Wm. Linn, Jacob Custard; Clerk, J. Niswonger ; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1867-68.—Trustees, Daniel Carey, Peter Smith, Wm. Laughlin; Clerk, J. Niswonger; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1869-70.—Trustees, Peter Smith, Wm. H. Johnston, Chas. Haessley ; Clerk, J. Niswonger ; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1871-72.—Trustees, Francis Matthews, David Lockard, Martin Doyle; Clerk, J. Niswonger ; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1873.—Trustees, Patrick Logan, J. J. Coupland, Peter Smith ; Clerk, Robert Johnston ; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1874.—Trustees, Patrick Logan, J. J. Coupland, Peter Smith ; Clerk, J. Mulherin; Treasurer, P. Rogers.  1875.—Trustees, Edward McAllister, D. Lockard, F. Matthews; Clerk, J. Mulherin ; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1876.—Trustees, Edward McAllister ; D. Lockard, F. Matthews; Clerk, R. Johnston; Treasurer, P. Rogers. 1877.—Trus      P. Crissenger, A. Haessley, J. Hays; Clerk, R. Johnston ; Treasurer, J. Lindesmith. 1878.—Trustees, A. Haessley, J. Niswonger, John Hays ; Clerk, Wm. R. Linn ; Treasurer, J. Lindesmith. 1879.—Trustees, J. Niswonger, P. Gallagher, Henry Norris; Clerk, Wm. R. Linn; Treasurer, J. Lindesmith. VILLAGES. Franklin has two villages,—Summitville and Millport,— both of which are stations on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, and postal stations as well, but neither is incorporated. SUMMITVILLE was laid out in March, 1853, by Peter Friedt, and so named because the site upon which it rests was supposed to be the highest point of elevation between the waters of the Sandy and Lake Erie. An excellent outlying agricultural region provides the place with a substantial although small mercantile trade, which comprises the aggregate of its business interests. TOWNSHIP OF FRANKLIN - 155 MILLPORT, nearly two miles farther north on the railway, was laid out in January, 1853, by Philip Willyard and Hugh Laughlin. The place was originally known as Franklin, but, confusion frequently arising from its similarity to Franklin Square, in Salem township, the name was changed to Millport, as significant of the presence at that point of a grist-mill and saw-mill. Patrick O'Hear, who owned the northeast quarter of section 15, laid out a town there in 1833, and called it TEMPLE HILL, but he failed to persuade purchasers into the enterprise, which never came to anything. CHURCHES. BETHESDA PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Bethesda church was organized about 1821, previous to which time there was Presbyterian preaching in the township by Rev. Clement Vallandigham, James Robertson, and others, chiefly in the barn and residence of Hugh Linn. Mr. Vallandigham preached about a year, and after him Mr. Robertson, who organized the church. Among the original members of the church were the Kings, Andersons, McKaigs, McQuilkins, Linns, Morrisons, Mesgers, Donald-sons, Flemings, and Camerons. The early records of the church being lost, much of interest in connection with its early history is unobtainable. The first church-edifice was built in 1822 near where the present church stands, the latter having been erected in 1855. The first elders of the church were Patrick McKaig, John Cameron, John Morrison, and Hugh King, and the first stated pastor Rev. James Robertson. His successors were Revs. Joshua Beer, J. B. Graham (Robertson for a second term), Robert Johnson, Robert Dickson, Wm. Dalzell, David Miller, Jos. E. Carson, John R. Dundas, J. B. Miller, and B. M. Price, the latter being the pastor June 1, 1879, when the church had a membership of 230 and was highly prosperous. The church had June 1, 1837, a membership of nine two, and added that year thirteen ; in 1838 the additio were twenty-two; in 1839 they were eighteen; eleven 1840 ; eleven in 1841 ; thirteen in 1842 fourteen 1843; and seventeen in 1844. The present elders are J. J. Coupland, Robert King, Benjamin Crosser, Robert Withrow, Jonathan Niswonger, and Jas. Roach. ST. JOHN'S (CATHOLIC) CHURCH. Catholic worship in Franklin was held as early as 1838, in a church built upon the McAllister place, near the northern line of the township. It was known as the McAllister church, and was attended by Catholics from the townships of Franklin, Hanover, and Centre. Later, when the Catholics of Franklin worshiped near Summitville, the church at the north was taken down, and a new church built by the congregation in Hanover township. In 1845 a log house—originally built for a store, near the site of the present Catholic church at Summitville—was purchased by the Catholics of Franklin, and there and then St. John's church was established, as a mission-point where the preachers stationed at the church in the north held occasional services. In 1848 a fine brick church-building was erected, at a cost of about $10,000, and, the congregation having by that time grown apace, a priest was stationed at that point, and since then the church has flourished and remained a regular station. The first pastor was Rev. James Conlon, and after him Revs. Thos. Kennedy, Francis Stoker, Michael Prendegrast, Thos. Welsh, D. Tighe, P. J. McGuire, D. A. Kelly, and E. J. Murphy, the latter being in charge June 1, 1879, when the congregation included sixty-five families. FRIENDS' MEETING-HOUSE. About 1818, there being in the township quite a number of " Friends," a log meeting-house was built in that part now included within the limits of East township, in Carroll County. Among the leading members in the organization were Richard and John Battin, Steven McBride, Jr., Isaiah Williams, and Mordecai Saunders. The Friends worshiped there several years, but removals from the township thinned the ranks of the society and led to its eventual dissolution. SCHOOLS. James Barr was the first school-teacher known to Franklin. He taught in 1812, in a round-log school-house built by the settlers upon section 2, which was then government land. Mathew McGuin, thinking the school-house worth securing for himself, entered section 2, and the inhabitants were thus deprived of their temple of learning. McGuin tried to sell it to them, but they refused to encourage his speculative propensities, and so built a second school-house, on Wm. Laughlin's farm. This was destroyed by fire shortly afterwards, and a third house was erected, near the same spot. Wm. Kneppert ay" Patrick Smith taught there, and, without being remarkable; for the day and place were highly esteemed as pedagegues and men of learning, One dollar and a half was the cost per quarter for scholars in those day's, and twenty-five pupils the usual number gathered at one time, so that a teacher's pay then was not what would now be regarded as a very extravagant compensation. Four district schools now provide educational advantages for the youth of Franklin, and serve, as is incidental to the present excellent school-system, a useful and. valuable purpose. One hundred and fifty-six pupils are enrolled at the schools, as follows : 37 at No. 1, 21 at No. 2, 70 at No. 3, 28 at No. 4. The teachers in June, 1879, were J. H. Norris, C. H. Mason, Chas. Mulherin, and R. A. Carey. Franklin has also a fractional school-district, whence the pupils go to school in Wayne township. MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. Franklin township is eminently an agricultural region, and has within its borders no manufacturing interest of importance. Hugh McLaughlin built a grist-mill at Millport in 1853, and, passing from McLaughlin to the hands of Daniel McGarry and James Hagan, the mill fell in 1875 to the pos- 156 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. session of Chain & Lindesmith, whose successor, Jacob Lindesmith, took charge of it in December, 1878, and sall operates it. It is run by steam, has two run of buhrs, with a capacity for making twenty-five barrels of flour daily, and derives a profitable line of custom-work from the neighboring country. John Willyard started a small tannery in 1830, upon the place where he now lives, and since that time has carried it on uninterruptedly. Patterson Coupland had a small tannery at an early day, but it was discontinued a long time ago. Besides the industries named, Franklin has none but Thomas McKerren's steam saw-mill at Millport. The Ohio & Pennsylvania Coal Company operate a small coal-mine at a point on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, near the Washington line. Oil has been sought at this point, but without success. POST-OFFICES. The first post-office established in Franklin was called Hastingsville, and occupied the place on section 27 now owned by the estate of R. Hull. The postmasters there were John Sanders and James B. Hull, and in 1852, when the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad was completed, the office was transferred to Summitville, where Patrick Rogers was the first postmaster. After him John M. Stewart and John Mulherin held the office, and Mr. Rogers, returning, has since been the postmaster. The first postmaster at Millport, formerly called Franklin, was James Smith, whose successor was Mary Tannis, to whom succeeded John W. Fife, the present incumbent. CEMETERIES. The first grave-yard in the township was the family burial-ground of William Laughlin, who laid it out on his farm, where Mr. Campbell now lives. After a while Mr. Laughlin gave the ground to public use, and a score, perhaps, of graves were dug there. No stones ever marked the places of burial, for grave-stones were not easily obtainable in the pioneer days. There have been no burials there for many years, and, although the graves have been undisturbed, the spot is overgrown with herbage, and presents no, traces of the purpose for which it was originally designed. There are now in the township three cemeteries,—one at Bethesda church, one at the Catholic church, and one on the north, near the Wayne line, where a Catholic church once stood. HANOVER THE township of Hanover, numbered 15, in range 4, is one of the townships of Columbiana which still retain the originally fixed territory of six miles square. It is bounded on the north by Butler township, on the south by Franklin township and Carroll County, on the east by Centre township, and on the west by West township. Within its limits are five villages, to wit, Hanover, New Garden, Gillford, Dungannon, and Kensington, the latter being a station on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, which crosses the southwest corner of the township. The surface of the country is undulating, and to the eye of the tourist offers many inviting prospects. Hanover, with the townships of Knox, Butler, and West, forms a portion of the " divide" between the waters of the Ohio and. those of Lake Erie. The altitude of the valley reaches five hundred feet above the lake level, and still above the valley rise numerous hills, in height varying from one hundred to two hundred feet. Coal is plentiful in this region, but is not mined except for home demand, the greater part of the coal mined being taken out at Kensington depot. • The west fork of the Little Beaver Creek flows through the township southward along the eastern border, and emerges at section 25. The climate is healthful and invigorating, and, particularly among the hill* is conducive to extreme longevity. EARLY SETTLEMENT. In 1802, Wm. Winder, afterwards, in 1810, a member of the Society of Friends, moved from Virginia"; with his wife and seven children, into Columbiana Co., Ohio, and settled in East Fairfield. Thence, in 1806, he passed over to Hanover township, and located upon a tract of land in section 33, now occupied by Mrs. Isabella McAllister. Winder resided there until his death, in 1828. Of his children, Benjamin, a worthy and prominent member of the Society of Friends, resides near Hanover village, in his eighty-second year ; Rachel Arnold, a daughter, aged ninety, lives in Washington Co., Ohio!' and in Carroll County reside Joseph and William, two sons. Mr. Winder's land was entered by John Edgar, who was, however, not a settler. Winder had no near neighbors on the south ; his nearest was Andrew Milburn, of Virginia, who located near where the railroad station at Kensington stands. Milburn was a doctor, shoemaker, carpenter, and farmer, and quite a useful man in the settlement. Wm. Rhodes, also of Virginia, was a settler upon section 32, and occupied a farm now the property of Nathan John. Samuel Reeder lived on section 33, near Wm. Winder ; and next east of the latter, Benjamin Stack-house was a settler upon property now occupied by the widow of Cassimer Gans. The only settlers in his neighborhood, when William Winder located in Hanover, were Stackhouse, Milburn, and Rhodes;, the others, named and to be named, came in directly thereafter. Joseph Rhodes, a son of William Rhodes, settled in what is Kensington, near the depot. Stephen McBride settled in 1806, or perhaps 1805, upon the present farm of Perry Firestone, close to the Friends' meeting-house, which EDWARD MURRAY. Edward Murray, son of Jonas Murray, was born in Ireland in 1797. His father, wishing to try his fortune in America, came from Ireland, in 1800, with his wife and seven children. The vessel upon which they embarked was of but three hundred tons burden, but carried seven hundred passengers, and although crowded wellnigh to suffocation, there was no sickness among the people. The voyage was made in the then excellent time of four weeks, and the wanderers toward the New World landed in New York, filled with ambitious hopes touching a happy future. Jonas settled in Pennsylvania', where he remained until 1815, when (being induced by his sister, Mrs. Edward Carroll, whose husband had sailed from Ireland with the Murrays, and settled in Liverpool—then St. Clair—township in 1801) he passed over to Columbiana County, and entered one hundred and sixty acres of land in Hanover township. Mr. Murray was an industrious man. When he came into this county there was little land cleared, and willing hands and hearts of steel were required to fell the large timber that existed where now can be seen the pleasant farms and homes of comfort. Neighbors were few, and social and educational advantages were limited ; but he went to work with a will and cleared his farm in good style. By industry and good management he succeeded in surrounding himself with the comforts and beauties of life. He carried on farming here until his death, which occurred in 1826. Mr. Jonas Murray's family consisted of eight children, viz., John, Joseph, Jacob, Valentine, Edward, Ann, Jonas, and Margery; seven of these were born in Ireland and one in America. Of this large family three only are living,—Jonas, Margery, and Edward. Jonas Murray, Jr., now occupies the farm settled by his father. Edward Murray (who inserts this sketch) in his early life assisted his father as a farmer, meanwhile receiving such education as the schools in that locality afforded; has spent his life up to this time in the same occupation. On the 1st of December, 1844, Edward Murray married Ann, daughter of John Thomas. On the 1st of August, 1878, Mrs. Mur died. She was a kind and affectionate wife, beloved by all who knew her. In political affiliation Mr. Murray was formerly a Democrat, but has for some time voted the Republican ticket. He has never been elected to any office, because he was never an office-seeker. At the age of eighty-two Mr. Murray is still living, bearing upon his face the evidence of a life well spent and of duty well done, and the consciousness within that he has performed his allotted task on the stage of life with honor to himself and credit to his friends. His life is a fitting exemplar to the young of how many and great things can be accomplished by honesty of purpose and stability of character. TOWNSHIP OF HANOVER - 157 Mr. McBride was chiefly instrumental in erecting. Philip Fox, of Pennsylvania, settled in Washingtonville in 1803, and in 1805 entered a quarter upon section 27, to which he removed in 1807. There Samuel Fox, Philip's son, still living near Hanover, was born. Adjoining Fox on the east was John Rupert, a German, who, upon his arrival in Baltimore from Germany, being unable to pay his passage-money, was sold by the captain of the vessel to a person who, in consideration of receiving Rupert's services free for the ensuing three years, paid the captain's demand. Rupert lived in Hanover until his death, after reaching the age of one hundred years. The farm he owned is now owned by C. Pfeffer, in section 26. Northeast of Fox was Philip Andrew, of Pennsylvania, and on the south lived David Wyley, of Pennsylvania, upon a place now occupied by Lewis Brinker. Where Thomas Niles now lives, in section 27, James Armstrong was an early settler. In 1805, John Sinclair, of Virginia, and Frederick Bayard, of Pennsylvania (esteemed in his day a great hunter), entered the northeast quarter of section 20. In 1806 they sold their interest—after having settled upon the land—to Griffith John, a Quaker, who, with his wife and seven children, moved in from Pennsylvania in 1807 and took possession of his purchase. Twenty-four acres of the tract were retained by Bayard, and that portion is now owned by Ruth Reeder. John Sinclair removed to the west side of the township, upon the place now owned by Levi Couser, and lived there until his death. When Griffith John took possession, he found upon the place a log cabin, 14 by 16, that had been erected by Sinclair ; and this cabin, with the bed of the wagon, long served Mr. John and his family as a place of habitation. Mr. John's neighbors were few and far between. John James lived where John Speidel now resides, near Hanover-ton. Joseph Milner, who lived upon the present site of Hanoverton, was from Virginia. He sold the property to James Craig,* who, in 1808, laid out the village of Hanover upon the street running north and south. In 1807 the place now occupied by the village was a maple grove, and in the winter of that year was a great sugar-camp. At that time there was no public highway near at hand save the road from New Lisbon to Canton, and nothing but woods upon every side and everywhere. Bears, wolves, and deer were plentiful, and between clearing land, hunting deer, and trying to keep their stock from being eaten by savage beasts the settlers had their hands full. Enos Ellis, in 1806, was an early settler west of Hanoverton, and so was the Jas. Craig already alluded to, who, in 1807, located, with his father, William, upon a tract now occupied by Mr. Campbell, just west of Hanoverton. He purchased, in 1808, of Joseph Milner, the northwest quarter of section 28, laid out the village of Hanover upon the New Lisbon road, and, with others, organized a stock company to start a store, of which Craig was the manager. The company was known as the Manufacturers' and Mercantile Company of Sandy. The store-building stood where Mrs. Jessie Sloan now lives. Craig built also a saw-mill, which stood near where the Disciples church now * Spelled variously Craig and Kraig. stands. The grist-mill built by him at the same time, near the same place, was abandoned about 1837. The old mill-building may still be seen, however, in Hanoverton. Geo. Brown, of whom mention has been made, occasionally practiced the art of " leeching ;" was elected to the Legislature in 1812; was for many years a justice of the peace, and was, to the day of his death, regarded in the community with much esteem. His son Harmon, who settled on a farm next east of his father's, was, in his day, reputed to be the most skillful teamster in the township, and performed many extended and remarkable journeys. Jonas Murray came over from Ireland in 1800, with his wife and seven children, upon a small vessel of 300 tons' burthen, upon which there were 700 passengers, and, although the number sorely crowded the ship, there was no sickness aboard, and, as a fact of interesting remembrance, the trip to New York was made in the quick time of four weeks. Mr. Murray settled in Pennsylvania, but, being induced, in 1815, by his sister, Mrs. Edward Carroll,—whose husband had come over with the Murrays and located in Liverpool (or St. Clair) township about 1800,—he removed to Columbiana County, and settled in Hanover township, upon section 10, where his son Jonas now resides. Edward Carroll, above referred to, settled in Hanover shortly after 1804, upon the northwest quarter of section 1, and, late in life removing to Wellsville, Ohio, died there. Of Jonas Murray's children, Edward and Jonas, and Mrs. Jas. Graham are now living near New Garden. Upon the place now occupied by Edward Murray, Thos. Ball, of Pennsylvania, was a settler in 1814, and resided in the township until his death. Isaac Jackson, who came also in 1814, located upon the place now occupied by Dr. Teegarden, both Jackson and Ball being upon section 9. Dozier Courtney settled upon section 3, where Mary, a widow of one of his sons, now lives. Thomas Griswold, a Quaker preacher, was one of the earliest to settle in Hanover, and located as early as 1806 upon the place now occupied by Francis Blythe. His son Joseph voted at the first township election, and was a justice of the peace a long time. John Farmer and his grandfather, Joseph Jones, Quakers, from Georgia, settled in Hanover, near New Garden, in 1804, and in 1812 or '14 removed to Salineville, Washington township. Nathan (a tanner), Thomas, and James Galbraith, leading members of the Society of Friends, were among the very early settlers, and located north of New Garden in 1804. They died in the township, but have therein to-day no near descendants. Elias Mash settled upon section 9, and, afterwards selling his land to Charles Pope, moved away. Pope was a storekeeper at Hanover village, and one day sensationalized the community by cutting his throat. Aaron Mendenhall, who located upon the place where John Blythe now resides, was an early settler, but passed soon afterwards to Carroll County, where he died. Daniel Rigby located, in 1810, upon section 16, and had the farm now occupied by John Cope. Daniel's son Jam was, one day in 1813, away from home, and hearing, as he thought, .a report of the threatened approach hostile savages upon the settlement, he set out as fast as he could for home, and excitedly announced that a great band of Indians 158 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. was swooping through the country and would soon be at hand. This was just after Hull's surrender, and the neighborhood, catching the quickly-spread story carried by young Rigby, believed it. From some distance about the people, gathering what valuables they could carry, fled for protection to Brown's mill, and even farther on to McKaig's mill, where, for the better part of twenty-four hours, they remained in trembling fear. At the end of that time it came to be understood that the report about the Indians was a wild and false alarm, and the inhabitants returned again to their homes and their ordinary avocations. Thomas Robertson was an early settler upon section 9, where he resided until his death. Richard Schooley located upon section 16, where his son Amos now lives, and, west of him, Simon, Joseph, and Andrew Rice. David Johnson was a settler upon the place now occupied by William Kepner, at New Garden ; Nathan Baker lived where Joseph Humphrey now resides, and John Thomas where Job Ritter now lives, on section 4. Samuel Fugat, of Pennsylvania, settled about 1804 upon section 12. A son, Addison, and daughter now live upon the old place. Fugat entered the whole section, and sold the north half of it to Thomas Charlton. Michael Arter, for many years a prominent man in Hanover township, removed from New Lisbon to Hanover-ton village in 1817, and there continued to reside until his death, in 1879. Mr. Arter was conspicuous early in life for the earliest and energetic stand he took as a supporter of the anti-slavery doctrine, and gave freely of his time, energies, and means in assisting fugitive slaves from the South on their way to Canada, to which .many of them passed through Hanover, where, and in the vicinity, there were important stations on the " underground" railroad. Mr. Arter was frequently called to fill places of public trust, and served as county commissioner, justice of the peace, and treasurer of the Sandy and Beaver Canal Company, as well as in local affairs. A record of the residents of Hanover township, April 1, 1816, will be found herewith in a list of persons who voted at an election held that day at the house of Price Keith for a justice of the peace in the place of James Keith : George Brown, David Johnson, and Robert Raley were judges of election ; Absalom Craig and John Brown were clerks ; David Johnson and Joseph Grissell were the candidates, the latter of whom was defeated by a vote of 29 to 24. The voters' names follow here : Henry Fox, David Johnson, Enos Ellis, John Edwards, John Sinclair, Robert Raley, Samuel Sinclair, Joseph Raley, Richard Taylor, Philip Fox, Thomas Bell, Michael Shane, Richard Schooley, Jno. Heston, Joshua Willman, Simon Rish, William Winder, Thomas Vorsen, David Meyers, Benjamin Stackhouse, Jacob Milburn, David Ehrhardt, Martin Snider, Andrew Rish, James Miller, Wm. Ware, Aaron Mendenhall, Thomas Robinson, George Brown, Owen Stackhouse, Jacob Wilson, Benjamin Townsend, John and Joseph Rish, Samuel Milburn, John Brown, Robert Combs, David Sinclair, Lewis Halladay, Fred. Biard, Samuel Holland, Win. Brown, George Sinclair, Isaac Craig, Abner John, Andrew Milburn, Jehu Brown, George Tomlin, Wm. Brown, Jr., Peter Lindesmith, Absalom Craig, John Lindesmith, Wm. Reeder, Andrew Combs, Samuel Reeder, Robert Burton, Henry Schooley, John Ryne, Samuel Craig, and Thomas Metcalf. Samuel Fox now lives upon a place once occupied by David Sinclair, an early settler upon section 20. Jacob Ritler settled upon section 4, upon which section his son Job now lives. Joshua Whitacre lived next to Aaron Mendenhall on the east, where S. Hawkins lives, on section 11, and there died. East of him was Edward Whitacre, where Rachel Hostetter now resides. Philip and Samuel Ira settled upon section 3, and John Couser on the State road, upon section 7. Frederick, his son, married a daughter of Andrew Rice. James Waugh kept tavern in 1815, and before, on the old State road, where the present village of New Garden is. His tavern consisted of two log cabins,—one on either side the road,—and besides them there were but two other cabins upon the site now occupied by New Garden. Wm. Rogers kept the stand many years, and then moved to Stark County, whence, however, he returned to New Garden. John Watson came over from New Lisbon and held forth as the landlord, and was the last one. He sold the property to James Graham, and moved to Iowa. Mr. Graham built a storehouse upon the site, which is the one now occupied by the store owned by his widow. Price Keith, William Nixon, and Owen Williams were early tavernkeepers near Hanover village, and men of considerable fame they were, too. Arthur Lockard, with his wife and four children, sailed from Belfast, Ireland, in 1816, in the " Grand Turk," and after a tedious passage of sixteen weeks landed at New York. In April, 1817, with William Kennedy and his wife, they crossed the mountains in carts, and in that month settled in Hanover village, at which time the place contained but four or five houses. The log house occupied by Lockard after reaching the village still stands. Lockard and Kennedy bought the grist-mill built by James Craig, and afterwards put into it the first buhr-stones seen in these parts. William Lockard, son of Arthur, came to Hanover with his father, and at the age of seventy still plies the trade of blacksmith in the village, in which he is the veritable "oldest inhabitant." Joseph Lindesmith and his wife, with John Lindesmith and wife and Peter Lindesmith, came into Hanover from Somerset. Co., Pa., in 1808. Joseph purchased of one — Hoge a quarter on section 36, and with Peter and John bought a quarter in section 25, and a quarter in Franklin township where Jonas Fife now lives, on section 2. John Eidenhire was a settler in 1808, upon the place now occupied by Chalmers Brown and owned by William Ramsay. Henry Atterholt lived next north of Eidenhire, both of them, be it observed, being distillers in a small way. Philip Andre lived where Jonathan Andre now resides, about a mile northwest of Dungannon. Peter Crissinger and Philip Ehrhart were neighboring settlers, and upon the place now occupied by the widow A. H. Lindesmith, in section 35. William Hardesty was among the pioneers. Mandeville Kountz, of Somerset Co., Pa., settled upon the place owned by the widow of J. Sultner, in section 26, Thomas Thompson moved upon the place now occupied by William Thompson, and lived there until his death. TOWNSHIP OF HANOVER - 159 Samuel Reeder settled in Hanover in 1806, and put up his cabin upon the place now occupied by David Milburn, near Kensington, where he lived until his death. Four of his children are still living,—Samuel Reeder, at Kensington ; Mrs. Todd, at Hanoverton ; Mrs. Battin, in West township ; and Mrs. John, in Iowa. Charles Petit settled in Hanover in 1808, coming in from Pennsylvania, and brought with him a case of fine joiner's tools. He opened a shop for making fanning-mills, and soon afterwards began to make window-sash and coffins. Joseph Whitacre set out about 1808 from Virginia with his family to settle in Hanover township, having previous to that time entered a quarter on section 11, where the widow of James Hostetter now lives. He died en route, but his family, keeping on, occupied the land and cleared it. Joshua Whitacre, a member of the family, located upon that portion of the section owned now by J. W. Couser, and along the hill on the highway just west planted two rows of peach-trees, wherefore that hill has ever since been known as Peach Hill. Edward Whitacre, another member of the family, cut out the first road from their place to New Lisbon. Among the early settlers upon the eastern part of the township were Amos Frost, a man of conspicuous prominence, who, about 1807, located upon section 34, where Mrs. Dinah Frost now lives ; Nicholas Miller, upon the same section in the north, where Peter and John Miller live; and Isaiah Williams, upon section 13, where Eli Whitacre owns a farm. Benjamin Saunders, who, with Sinclair, laid out New Garden village, entered land now occupied by John Murray and owned by Jonas Murray, upon section 9. Robert Burton, who settled in the west part of the township in 1806, was the first justice of the peace. None of his descendants are living in Hanover. The second justice of the peace was George Brown, already named. Joseph Dutton located in Hanover in 1810, and leased a quarter-section owned by James Adamson, of Middleton. Dutton afterwards entered a quarter on section 18, where his sons Elisha and David live. Robert Raley settled about 1806, upon land now owned by — Sharon, a mile northwest of Hanover village. Joseph Figley, one of the early settlers in Wayne township, moved afterwards to Hanover. He served in the war of 1812, and was esteemed a valuable citizen. Levi Miller settled in 1810 upon two quarters in sections 32 and 29, entered by Mahlon Haines. Miller sold to Samuel Holland, from whom the property descended to Samuel May Holland, the original proprietor of Kensington village. ORGANIZATION. Hanover township was organized in 1806, and the tax levy for 18-07 amounted to $66.37. In 1821 the tax levy amounted to $113.94. The early records of the township have been mislaid and lost, and the list of persons who have served as trustees, clerks, and treasurers can be given only from 1846 to 1879, as follows : 1846.—Trustees, Joseph Rhodes, Jacob Dutton, Hosea Hawkins; Treasurer, James Graham; Clerk, William Johnson. 1847.—Trustees, Jacob Dutton, Hosea Haw kins, William Hamilton; Treasurer, James Graham ; Clerk, William Johnson. 1848.—Trustees, Hosea Hawkins, Jacob Dutton, Hugh Jordan ; Treasurer, James Graham ; Clerk, William Johnson. 1849.—Trustees, Hosea Hawkins, Jacob Dutton, William Clark ; Treasurer, James Graham; Clerk, William Gore. 1850-51.—Trustees, Hosea Hawkins, William Clark, Moses Louthan; Treasurer, James Graham ; Clerk, William Gore. 1852.—Trustees, Moses Louthan, William Clark, George Smith ; Treasurer, James Graham; Clerk, William Johnson. 1853.—Trustees, George Smith, William Clark, Henry McCann; Treasurer, James Graham ; Clerk, Samuel Fox. 1854.—Trustees, William Clark, George Smith, Caleb Whitacre; Treasurer, James Graham; Clerk, William Loekard. 1855.—Trustees, J. W. Grissell, E. C. Rhodes, David Heston; Treasurer, James Graham; Clerk, Joseph B. Smith. 1856.—Trustees, J. W. Grissell, David Reston, William Johnson ; Treasurer, James Graham ; Clerk, John Rohertson. 1857.—Trustees, William Johnson, David Heston, Joshua Batten ; Treasurer, Henry Ruth ; Clerk, John Robertson. 1858.—Trustees, William Johnson, David Burson, Caleh Cope ; Treasurer, Henry Ruth; Clerk, John Robertson. 1859-61.—Trustees, William Johnson, David Burson, Caleb Cope ; Treasurer, Henry Ruth ; Clerk, Samuel Fox. 1862.—Trustees, James Baker, James Hostatter, Hiram Baker ; Treasurer, A. R. Arter ; Clerk, Samuel Fox. 1863.—Trustees, James Baker, Hiram Baker, John Yates; Treasurer, A. R. Arter ; Clerk, W. R. Steen. 1864.—Trustees, John Yates, George Voglesang,* W. R. Keepner; Treasurer, A. R. Arter; Clerk, W. R. Steen. 1865.—Trustees, George Voglesang, E. Dutton, G. 0. Haldeman ; Treasurer, A. R. Arter; Clerk, William Johnson. 1866.—Trustees, G. 0. Haldeman, David Milhurn, James Robertson ; Treasurer, A. R. Arter; Clerk, William Johnson. 1867.—Trustees, David Milburn,t George Voglesang, George Coulson ; Treasurer, A. R. Arter ; Clerk, William Johnson. 1868.—Trustees, G. O. Haldeman, George Coulson, Samuel Bye ; Treasurer, A. R. Arter ; Clerk, William Johnson. 1869.—Trustees, G. 0. Haldeman, Samuel Bye, John Loevinger ; Treasurer, A. R. Arter; Clerk, William Johnson. 1870.—Trustees, John Yates, David Galhraith, J. B. Ritchie; Treasurer, A. R. Arter; Clerk, William Johnson. 1871.—Trustees, John Yates, J. B. Ritchie, John Kimble; Treasurer, A. R. Arter; Clerk, William Johnson. 1872.—Trustees, Ed. Dutton, John Yates, J. B. Ritchie; Treasurer, W. L. Parthe; Clerk, Frank Fox. 1873.—Trustees, A. G. Hostetter, D. J. Powell, E. Dutton; Treasurer, W. L. Parthe; Clerk, Franklin Fox. 1874.—Trustees, David B. Combs, Isaac Clemson, J. B. Taylor ; Treasurer, R. A. Pearce; Clerk, F. Fox. 1875-77.—Trustees, William B. Kepner, Isaac Clemson, D. V. Combs ; Treasurer, R. A. Pearce; Clerk, John Eidenire. 1878.—Trustees, Thomas Chambers, Elwood Miller, George Andre; Treasurer, J. B. Ray ; Clerk, John Hastings. 1879.—Trustees, Elwood Miller, Thomas Chambers, Alex. McKee; Treasurer, J. B. Ray ; Clerk, J. T. Jackson. VILLAGES. HANOVER VILLAGE. Hanover village (known as Hanoverton Post-office) was laid out in May, 1813, by James Craig, who, purchasing the northwest quarter of section 28 of Joseph Milner, platted a village, and called it Hanover. The village street was the one now called Plymouth Street, running north and south. Craig organized a stock company, or co-operative store, obtained an appointment as postmaster, built a saw- and grist-mill, and gave the village a good start. The * Spelled Voglesang and Voglesong. + Spelled Milbourn and Milburn. 160 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. company-store failed, however, to prosper, and after a somewhat checkered career, of brief duration, fell into inglorious failure. George Sloan kept a store there not long afterwards, as did Charles Pope, who committed suicide one day, but no one ever learned why. The village of Hanover got on slowly and uneventfully until 1834, when, the Sandy and Beaver Canal being projected to pass through Hanover township, near Hanoverton, there was a general brisk awakening to probable prosperous results, and, accordingly, Michael Arter, George Brown, and Horace Potter purchased land along the proposed canal at the village, and laid out an addition upon what is now Canal Street,—the present business portion of the village. Lots sold readily; the land—which had been a swamp—was excellently drained ; improvements grew apace ; general expectation was rosy ; and Hanoverton was to have an important future. The canal project stopped, however, in the panic of 1837, and the progress of Hanoverton received a check, to be revived, however, more emphatically in 1845, 1846, and 1847, in which latter year the canal was an apparently realized hope. By that time David Arter and Perry Nicholas had built a great warehouse,—still standing opposite the Mansion House at Hanoverton,—and J. R. and A. R. Arter a still larger one,—farther up,—now occupied by Arter & Swearingen. For a brief space of time the village transacted a good deal of business in buying and shipping produce, but, the canal failing utterly in 1847, Hanoverton's prospects came also to an end, and, settling down after that into a quiet determination to make the best of it, the village has since moved in a groove of moderate prosperity. The village is removed about a mile from Kensington,—the nearest railway station,—enjoys a good trade with the neighboring country, and, as a place of residence, offers the attractions of a picturesque situation and healthful atmosphere. Hanover was incorporated March 12, 1836, since which time it has had as mayors, recorders, and councilmen the following : 1836.—Mayor, Michael Arter; Recorder, John Alexander; Councilmen, George Friese, David Arter, Samuel Fox, Jacob End-ley, Peter Spangler. 1837.—Mayor, Wm. Armstrong; Recorder, Isaac Craig; Councilmen, George Friese, David Arter, Samuel Fox, Ahel Cary, Thomas W. Greer. 1838.—Mayor, Eli Davidson ; Recorder, Michael Arter ; Councilmen, Seth Ball, Jacoh Meyer, Joseph Hillerman, James McQuilken, Rohert Woodside. 1839.—Mayor, Isaac Craig; Recorder, J. R. Arter; Councilmen, David Arter, John Endley, George Sloan, E. Davidson, Chas. Nichols. 1840.—Mayor, Isaac Craig; Recorder, J. R. Arter; Councilmen, David Arter, Eli Davidson, George Sloan, Daniel Voglesang, James Keys. 1841.—Mayor, Isaac Craig ; Recorder, Thomas T. Ickes; Councilmen, David Arter, Charles Nichols, Jesse Sinclair, Daniel Voglesang, Zadock Downer. 1842.—Mayor, Joel Cowgill; Recorder, George Sloan; Councilmen, Hayden Sinclair, Jesse Sinclair, Michael Arter, Henry Mc-Can, Samuel Fox. 1843.—Mayor, Isaac Craig; Recorder, George Sloan ; Councilmen, Henry McCan, Hayden Sinclair, Michael Arter, James Keys, Samuel Fox. 1844.—Mayor, Isaac Craig; Recorder, George Sloan ; Councilmen, Samuel Fox, Hayden Sinclair, James Keys, Hugh Jordan, Michael Arter. 1845.—Mayor, William Hilliman; Recorder, John L. H. Vallandigham; Councilmen, Charles Atwell, Chas. Nicholas, Thomas T. Ickes, Henry McCan, Edward Hall. 1846.—Mayor, Isaac Craig; Recorder, Charles Atwell; Councilmen, John Whitacre, Samuel Fox, Charles Nichols, Edward Hall, E. Swearingen. 1847.—Mayor, Isaac Craig; Recorder, J. L. H. Vallandigham; Councilmen, George Sloan, Thomas T. Ickes, A. V. Kineau, B. Sinclair, Daniel Voglesang. 1848.—Mayor, Samuel Fox ; Recorder, George Sloan; Councilmen, Michael Arter, Daniel Voglesang, Jesse Sinclair, Henry McCan, E. Swearingen. 1849.—Mayor, Samuel Fox ; Recorder, William Gore; Councilmen, George Watson, William Lockard, John Milburn, Jesse West, George Sloan. 1850.—Mayor, Samuel Fox; Recorder, Charles Atwell; Councilmen, Perry Nicholas, Michael Arter, George Watson, Henry Mc-Can, George Sloan. 1851.—Mayor, Samuel Fox ; Recorder, Charles Atwell; Councilmen, George Watson, Perry Nicholas, Thomas E. Guisee, George Sloan, Michael Arter. 1852.—Mayor, Samuel Fox ; Recorder, James L. Smith; Councilmen, Michael Arter, L. L. Shoemaker, Perry Nicholas, Thomas Baxter, E. Swearingen. 1853.—Mayor, Samuel Fox ; Recorder, J. B. Smith; Councilmen, Michael Arter, Perry Nicholas, L. L. Shoemaker, B. Sinclair, J. M. Kuhn. 1854.—Mayor, Benjamin Sinclair ; Recorder, J. B. Smith ; Councilmen, M. Arter, L. L. Shoemaker, P. Nicholas, J. M. Kuhn, E. Swearingen. 1855.—Mayor, Benjamin Winder; Recorder, J. B. Smith ; Councilmen, George Stephens, George Brown, L. L. Shoemaker, E. Swearingen, J. W. Watson. 1856.—Mayor, Samuel Fox ; Recorder, J. B. Smith ; Councilmen, Benjamin Sinclair, George Brown, J. W. Watson, M. Arter, Josiah Fox. 1857.—Mayor, Jesse West; Recorder, A. R. Arter; Councilmen, L. L. Shoemaker, J. J. Yates, Philip Voglesang, Josiah Fox, Thomas Baxter. 1858.—Mayor, L. L. Shoemaker ; Recorder, John Robertson ; Councilmen, David Coulson, George Voglesang, Theodore Arter, Louis Milhourn, Isaac Shaw. 1859.—Mayor, L. L. Shoemaker ; Recorder, J. G. Caruthers; Councilmen, George Voglesang, Isaacs Shaw, Louis Milbourn, Josiah Fox, George Brown. 1860.—Mayor, L. L. Shoemaker ; Recorder, J. G. Caruthers ; Councilmen, H. R. Ruth, John Vinacke, George Voglesang, Louis Milhourn, Josiah Fox. 1861.—Mayor, L. L. Shoemaker ; Recorder, Theodore Arter ; Councilmen, George Smith, J. W. Vinacke, George Brown, J. R. Fox, H. R. Ruth. 1862.—Mayor, Samuel Fox; Recorder, Theodore Arter; Councilmen, Henry Walser, David Johnson, Levi Reeder, John Levinger, George Ickes. 1863.—Mayor, Milo Cain ; Recorder, R. G. Williams ; Councilmen, Isaac Shaw, Reason Pritchard, A. R. Arter, George Voglesang, Isaac Grim. 1864.—Mayor, Samuel Fox ; Recorder, R. Pearce ; Councilmen, Louis Milbourn, George Brown, Isaac Shaw, A. J. Haldeman, Joseph Heston. 1865.—Mayor, Jesse West; Recorder, Joseph Heston; Councilmen, George Voglesang, A. J. Henry, James Sloan, Louis Milbourn, E. B. Shaw. 1866.—Mayor, George Voglesang; Recorder, J. G. Caruthers; Councilmen, A. R. Arter, E. L. Strahn, John Levinger, A. J. Haldeman, Louis Milbourn. 1867-68.—Mayor, George Voglesang; Recorder, Milo Cain ; Councilmen, A. J. Haldeman, John Levinger, Louis Milbourn, A. R. Arter, E. S. Strahn. 1869.—Mayor, George Voglesang; Recorder, R. A. Pearce; Councilmen, Lewis Parthe, John Levinger, B. F. Marsh, Louis Milbourn, L. H. Bells. 1870.—Mayor, Milo Cain ; Recorder, Richard Pearce; Councilmen, Lewis Parthe, Louis Milbourn, B. Sinclair, L. H. Eells, John Hotchkiss, A. Durhamma. TOWNSHIP OF HANOVER - 161 1871.—Mayor, George Voglesang; Recorder, Alonzo Arter ; Councilmen, Lewis Parthe, Louis Milbourn, William Johnson, George Brown, William Lawson, H. Ruth. 1872.—Mayor, George Voglesang ; Recorder, Alonzo Arter ; Councilmen, H. Ruth, William Lawson, George Brown, A. R. Arter, Dr. Robertson, John Levinger. 1873.—Mayor, George Brown; Recorder, Alonzo Arter ; Councilmen, A. R. Arter, Dr. Robertson, John Levinger, John Scotland, R. Pearce, Joseph Kreush. 1874.—Mayor, George Brown ; Recorder, R. C. Milner ; Councilmen, John Scotland, R. Pearce, Joseph Kreush, A. R. Arter, George Entrekin, Joseph R. Ray. 1875.—Mayor, George Brown; Recorder, R. C. Milner ; Councilmen, Joseph R. Ray, George Entrekin, A. R. Arter, George W. Yunt, Samuel J. Hole, A. A. Haldeman 1876.—Mayor, A. V. Johnson ; Recorder, J. T. Jackson ; Councilmen, A. A. Haldeman, Samuel J. Hole, George W. Yunt, A. R. Arter, George Voglesang, W. Martin. 1877.—Mayor, A. V. Johnson; Recorder, J. T. Jackson; Councilmen, W. Martin, George Voglesang, A. R. Arter, Reason Fox, J. B. Taylor, J. Scotland. 1878.—Mayor, George Voglesang; Clerk, G. A. Sheets; Councilmen, J. Scotland, J. B. Taylor, Reason Fox, William Lawson, William Martin, C. Milbourn. 1879.—Mayor, George Voglesang; Clerk, G. A. Sheets ; Councilmen, C. A. Milbourn, William Martin, William Lawson, J. B. Taylor, John Scotland, R. Fox. GILLFORD VILLAGE. The village of Gillford, although now but a quiet, unpretending rural settlement, possesses an interesting history, and, like at least two other villages in the township, bloomed years ago with bright hopes and promising anticipations of future greatness. In 1835, upon the projection of the Sandy and Beaver Canal, a part of whose chosen course was to pass through section 12, Hanover township, Dr. George McCook, J. G. Willyard,. and Jacob Schreiber purchased of John Menzer the northeast quarter of that section, upon which Menzer had built a log cabin and made a small clearing. They laid out a town, advertised both near and fir the prospective advantages likely to flow towards the place from the construction of the canal, and announced an auction sale of town-lots. About the same time Samuel Fugat and John Hanna laid out lots on the southeast quarter, and when the day of sale came to hand there was on the ground a large and enthusiastic gathering of people,—remembered now as numbering upwards of 3000,—from Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, and even more distant States. Excitement ran high ; everybody thought Gillford was destined to be a great city, and, as a consequence, building-lots—many of which were covered with growing timber—sold at fabulous prices, and were bought with that frenzied eagerness inseparable from the enthusiastic American temperament when brightened with visions of prospective gain and brilliant promise. Meanwhile, work on the canal was being vigorously pushed ; the town began to put forth stores, dwellings, hotels, and kindred indications of civilization, and was given the name of Gillford, in honor of Gill, the engineer in charge of the work on the canal. At the first sale upwards of 150 lots were sold, and in some instances so wild were purchasers that $250 a lot was more than once paid. After the canal bubble burst, many of the lots that had been bought for $250 each were sold for fifty cents and a dollar apiece. 21 The first store in the place was opened by Caleb Hawley and James Graham directly after the first move to create the town. James Graham had for years been a storekeeper at New Garden. Caleb Hawley—now residing at Gillford, and known as the " Squire"—had been a clerk with Graham. Samuel Boots, a farmer, sold his farm, bought a lot in Gillford, and put up a big tavern-stand, in which for two years he did an immensely profitable business. Other stores and taverns followed, business grew, houses kept going up, rents were exorbitantly high, the canal was pushing rapidly on, and within a year after the town's birth, there being 400 or 500 inhabitants therein, it was incorporated in 1836, Thomas Brandon being chosen mayor and William Torrance clerk. The next mayor was Moses Louthan, chosen in 1837, but in that year the golden prospects of Gillford took wings, and, although the village still possesses its charter, it has never since 1837 chose to exercise the functions of an incorporated village. As a municipality its existence was of short duration. Travel to and from Gillford in those days was enormous, and roadside taverns sprang up thickly and drove a flourishing trade, the most popular and successful one being that kept by Rachael, widow of Daniel Hostetter, still living on the old place west of Gillford. In 1836, Gillford's interests received a fresh impetus through the construction at that place by the canal company of two reservoirs, from which it was proposed to feed the canal in the dry seasons of the year. The larger reservoir contained 490 acres (which cost about $25 per acre), and was surrounded by a high embankment, in some places as high as 22 feet, the total cost of the reservoir, including land-fixtures and embankment, being about $70,000. The embankment still remains, as do many of the great pipes and stone walls, and these will long remain as sad reminders of one of the greatest follies of the age. . Gillford flourished and waxed exceedingly strong while work on the canal continued ; but when, in 1837, the great financial panic stopped the canal enterprise, Gillford collapsed more rapidly even than it had swelled, and, in common with many other places, descended to wreck and ruin, carrying with it all who had pinned their faith and fortunes upon it. The town lay dead and dormant until 1845, when the revival of the canal project awakened, although weakly, the energies of the place ; but the awakening was never a brisk one, and, after a faint struggle of two years, Gillford sank with the sinking of the canal in 1847, since which time it has quietly pursued the even tenor of its way as a country village, with naught to disturb or excite it. The first assessed valuation of the town rated town-lots at an average of $60 ; after 1837 four-fifths of the lots of the town were sold for taxes, and sold in some cases as low as twenty-five cents each. NEW GARDEN VILLAGE The village of New Garden, about three miles due north from Hanover, was laid out in 1810 by — Sinclair and Benjamin Saunders, who were early settlers upon section 9. Jacob Ritter laid out an addition April 4, 1832. Unlike the other villages of the township, New Garden has never experienced any especially eventful episode, and is to-day 162 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. what it has always been,—a quiet rural village receiving tribute from the surrounding agricultural districts. James Graham, one of the most prominent men in the town, kept store there, and was postmaster as well for about forty years. Since his death, in 1870, his widow has continued his business interests at New Garden. At this place E. K. Liber has a carriage-manufactory of some importance, and Charles Liber has a foundry. There are other minor industrial interests, two stores, cooper-shops, etc. It is a pleasantly attractive village, and populated with thrifty and well-to-do people. DUNGANNON. In 1835, Philip Ehrhardt sold twenty acres of his farm on section 35 to George Sloan, who, in anticipation of the passage of the Sandy and Beaver Canal near that point, laid out a village and called it after his native village of Dungannon, in Ireland. In 1839, Philip Ehrhardt laid out an addition to the town, of which much had been and more was expected by reason of the canal passing through it. The first houses were built by Samuel Crissinger, John Lindesmith, and Frederick Wagely, and were nothing but " shanties." Dungannon shared with Gillford and Hanover in the enthusiastic expectations of future greatness that the canal was to create, and like them saw a day of disappointment. Robert Fleming and Gideon Gayer started a store there in 1834, and in the same building, not long afterwards, Hiram Gayer kept tavern. Frederick Wagely kept tavern there in 1837, and in 1839 James Hagan opened a store, which he continued to keep uninterruptedly until 1877, when he was succeeded by his son. Daniel O'Brien was a tavernkeeper about 1845, when the canal project revived, and after that date Dungannon's star declined, although it is a substantial agricultural settlement, peopled chiefly, as is the immediate vicinity, with Irish and German Catholics, who have for years supported a Catholic church in the village. KENSINGTON VILLAGE was laid out in 1852, upon the completion of the Cleveland and Pittsburg Railroad, and was called Maysville, as a tribute to Samuel May Holland, who owned the village site. The work of laying out the town, he being in California, he delegated to Messrs. Wm. Holland and Robert Miller. As a railroad station, however, the place was known as Hanover. There being other places in Ohio named Maysville and Marysville, much confusion attended the shipment of goods, and the name of the village here considered was in December, 1876, changed to Kensington, as a railroad station, post-office, and town. The first station-agent was Jacob Dutton, who opened also the first store in the town. Edwin Dutton succeeded him as agent, and in 1866 Oliver Miller was appointed, and has filled the place ever since. The storekeepers who succeeded Mr. Dutton were Matthew Graff and Richards & Swearingen. B. C. Battin opened a hotel in the town in 1859, and for twenty uninterrupted years has been the only landlord the village has had. Tradition states that in the winter of 1811 the site of Kensington was occupied by a great encampment of Indians, who, although their presence alarmed the settlers, occasioned no trouble. CHURCHES. TRINITY REFORMED CHURCH (GERMAN). About 1810, Rev. John Stauzh, a German Lutheran minister, wandered with his wife and two children over the Alleghanies towards the far West. Coming eventually upon a German Lutheran settlement in the townships of Centre and Hanover, in Columbiana County, he was engaged to preach for them, and services were at once inaugurated, and thereafter continued in the log cabins of the members of the faith. Mr. Stauzh settled in Centre township, and in 1813 he organized St. Martin's German Lutheran church; Shortly thereafter a log church was erected near the present site of the Trinity Reformed church. Mr. Stauzh preached several years without receiving any compensation-, and when at last his congregation concluded that they ought to pay him for his preaching, they contributed about $30 worth of grain, and estimated that it would pay him for a year's service. He was a fume' as well as preacher, and because he could support himself otherwise never worried himself about getting pay for preaching, satisfied to preach for the gratification it brought. With occasional help from others, he preached for the society until 1847, when, being enfeebled, be resigned his charge and removed farther west, where, at his son's home, he died at a ripe old age. A brick church-edifice was built in 1847, and in 1876 it was replaced by the frame structure now in use, and standing close to the line between Hanover and Centre townships, on the west fork of Little Beaver. The name of the church society was in 1876 changed to that of Trinity Reformed. The preachers since 1847 have been Revs. A. Wanner, S. N. King, G. M. Allbright, G. W. Willyard, and J. T. Hale. The latter was in charge in June, 1879, when the membership was 72. The present elders are John Willyard, Jr., and James France ; the deacons are Frank Chandler and John Ream ; and the trustees, Joseph Willyard and Benjamin Ream. FROST'S METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The early history of this church—now located in Centre township, and known as Point Pleasant church—is identified with the history of Hanover township. Amos Frost, one of the early settlers in Hanover upon the west fork of the Little Beaver, busied himself actively in promoting the organization of a Methodist Episcopal church in his neighborhood. Soon after his settlement, and about 1820, the organization was effected, with a membership list as follows: Amos Frost and wife, Thomas Whitacre and wife, Garrett Hart, Elizabeth Frost, William Frost and wife, Daniel Haldeman and wife, Thomas Coney -and wife, Mrs. Breidenstine, Mrs. Paxson, Mrs. Fugat, Eleanor McLean, James Frost and wife, Amos, Jr., Mary Ann, George, and Mabela Frost. From 1820 to 1842 services were held at the houses of the members, but chiefly at the Frost homestead, by the following preachers : Revs. Jacob Hooper, — Deuler, Wm. Tipton, Charles Tresalt, Henry Knapp, Samuel Brockmeir, Dennis Goddard, B. 0. Plympton, Ezra Booth, A. G. TOWNSHIP OF HANOVER - 163 Richardson, Samuel Adams, Robert Hopkins, John Knox, William Henderson, Edward Taylor, John Somerville, Nathaniel Calender, George Brown, — Winans, Alfred Bronson, and William Harolson. The earliest class-leaders were Garrett Hart, John Stoy, and William Frost. In 1842 a frame church-edifice was erected near the Frost residence by Amos Frost's heirs. In obedience to his expressed wish, it was called Frost's church, and upon its weatherbeaten front may yet be seen traces of the legend setting forth the fact. After the church was built,—there having been no trustees previously,—the trustees were John Stoy, William Frost, James Frost, Joseph G. Keith, and David Arter. The preacher first heard in the new church was Rev. Joseph Montgomery, and after him, among those who served, were Revs. Sleetz, King, and Williams. Late in 1877 the place of worship was changed to Centre township, where a new church had been built ; and in the history of that township, therefore, the later history of the church will be found. " FRIENDS" MEETING-HOUSES. The first church built in Hanover township was a log meeting-house erected by the Society of Friends, just east of New Garden village, about 1806, or shortly previous. Nathan, Thomas, and James Galbraith were leading men in the society and in the formation of the church. Meetings were held every Sabbath, and, as there was no other church in the vicinity, people of all denominations assembled there for worship, so that the congregation was always numerous, while many of those who were Friends came from a great distance. In 1840 the log church was displaced by a handsome and commodious brick edifice upon the same site. The members of the church joined in the erection of the structure, themselves burning the brick and bestowing such other labor as was required. Not long after that the Quakers living thereabout, being somewhat disheartened at the damaging overflows upon their farms from the canal reservoir at Gillford, began to move away, and in a short time nearly all the Quakers were gone from the neighborhood. The church organization was accordingly abandoned, and after standing until 1859 the building was demolished. About the date of the building of the church at New Garden, the Friends living near Hanover village erected a log meeting-house about a mile west of the village. The first elders were Stephen McBride (the founder of the church), Sarah, John, and Levi Miller, and the first preacher Sarah Shaw. This was the only church in the neighborhood for some time, and not only Quakers, but many others, worshiped there, the attendants usually numbering 100 or more. In 1827 the present brick meetinghouse replaced the log church, but since that date removals from the settlement have made inroads upon the church membership, which is at present small, but zealous as of old. THE DISCIPLES' CHURCH OF HANOVER traces its history back to 1820, when a Christian church was organized at Hanover, Gainor and Enos Ellis being the chief movers in the matter. Preachers came over from Kentucky upon the organization of the church, among them being Messrs. Sechrist, Hughes, and others. The first house of worship was a log cabin put up just south of Hanover village. About 1825 dissensions began to show in the church, owing to the rise and growth therein of the Disciple doctrine, and these dissensions, continuing until 1830, ended with a victory for the Disciples, who, absorbing wellnigh the entire congregation, reorganized the church according to their faith, leaving the Christians to pass from view. Joseph Rhodes and Christian Keith were prominent in the new organization, at which event there were about 100 members. An addition to the old log church was at once built, and that place of worship served until 1859, when, in June, the present church-edifice was completed. Among those who have preached for the Disciples since 1830 may be named John Whittaker, Wesley, Lanphear, Vanvoris, John Henry, Jonas Hartzell, George Lacey, Cyrus Bosworth, Harrison Jones, and Isaac Ehrhardt. Charles Strahn, officiating also at Augusta, in Carroll County, was the church pastor June 1, 1879, when the membership numbered 120. THE CHRISTIAN CHURCH OF GILLFORD was organized in 1836, and a frame house of worship built south of the town upon a lot donated by Samuel Fugat. The church flourished for eight or ten years, but, losing most of its members by removals from the place, was eventually dissolved. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF GILLFORD was organized about 1844, when, and shortly thereafter, John Hester, Mr. Dales, and John Hoffman were class-leaders. Previous to that time the Methodists at Gillford worshiped at New Lisbon. About 1846, J. P. Conly settled in Gillford as a storekeeper, and shortly afterwards donated a lot, upon which the Methodists erected a church. Mr. Conly preached occasionally, and there were also occasional services by circuit-preachers, but the congregation has never been large and has never had a stationed pastor. With New Garden and Hanover, it is attached to the Hanover circuit, and is in charge of Rev. Williams. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF HANOVER was organized in 1834, when Joseph Hillerman was chosen leader. The seven original members were Joseph and Elizabeth Hillerman, Hannah Ball, Charlotte Arter, Mr. and Mrs. James Kynett, and Mrs. Verner. The first trustees were Michael Arter, Joseph Hillerman, and Jacob Meyers. Revs. Alcinus Young, Eddy, Gardner, Montgomery, Weekly, Petty, Crouse, Gilmore, Stevens, Brown, Jordan, McClure, Elliott, Rogers, McGregor, Kagle, Sleetz, Wright, McClure, King, and Williams have served as pastors. Mr. Williams was the pastor June, 1879, when the active membership numbered 60. The church, which is now in the Hanover circuit, was attached originally to the New Lisbon circuit. The first church-building was erected in 1837, and, after being used a year for school purposes as well, received the addition of a second story, preaching having previously been held in the Disciples' church. The building was utterly demolished June 30, 1876, by a violent and destructive wind-storm, which caused much other damage in the 164 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. town. The church now in use rose upon the ruins of the destroyed temple in 1876, and was in 1877 formally occupied. THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF HANOVER was organized about the year 1830 by Rev. James Robertson, then a resident of Hanover, and a preacher noted for organizing churches in Columbiana County. Mr. Robertson, George Sloan, and others had built a frame church at Hanover in anticipation of the organization, and in that building the organization was effected. Previous to that time, Rev. C. L. Vallandigham and Mr. Robertson used to preach occasionally in the village, and oftentimes the Presbyterians of Hanover worshiped at Bethesda church, in Franklin. The first elders of the church were John Calder, Hugh Jordan, and George Sloan. Mr. Robertson was the first stated pastor and preached until 1846, when he organized a Free Presbyterian congregation at Hanover, and preached for that church. After him, in the Presbyterian church, the pastors were Revs. Robert Dickson, Dalzell Carson, Robert Johnston, Dundas, and Miller. The church has at present about 80 members and depends upon supplies, Rev. Mr. Hare being the supply June, 1879. The elders now serving are Henry Swearingen, Wm. Martin, and Edward Dutton. The frame church erected in 1830 served until 1841, when it was replaced by the present brick structure. In 1846 the church became divided on the slavery question, and Rev. Jas. Robertson, the pastor, going with the Free Presbyterians, fitted up a house belonging to him as a house of worship, and therein, until 1861, the Free Presbyterians held services under the successive ministrations of Revs. Robertson, King, and Burgess, and after that year rejoined the parent church. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF NEW GARDEN was organized in 1840, among the members then being Lewis Rider, his wife, one son, and three daughters ; David Scattergood, wife, three sons, and two daughters ; Nathan Baker, wife, and two daughters ; Robert Dennis and wife ; Mrs. Wiles and two daughters ; Edward Jones and wife ; James Garside, wife, and John, Thomas, Samuel, Martha, and Mary, their children ; William and Hannah Nicholas ; Peter and Amy Ward. Worship was held in the village school-house until 1841, when a frame church was erected upon a lot adjoining the school-house, and dedicated by Rev. Jos. Montgomery, who, with Rev. Martin S. Weekly, preached in the church for some time thereafter as they traveled the circuit. Robert Dennis, who donated the land for the church, was one of the first trustees, of whom the others were Nathan Baker, David Scattergood, and Lewis Rider. Joshua Monroe was the first presiding elder, and the first class-leader Robert Dennis, after whom came Lewis Rider and Peter Ward. The earliest preachers were Revs. John P. Kent and Thos. McGrath, who preached in the school-house. After them followed Revs. Montgomery, Weekly, Petty, Crouse, Gilmore, Stevens, Brown, Jordan, McClure, Elliott, Rogers, McGregor, Kagle, Sleetz, Wright, McClure, King, and Williams, the latter being now the preacher on the Hanover circuit, to which the New Garden church is attached. The present leaders are George Waters and Jacob Shissler, and the trustees D. B. Casidy, Geo. Waters, A. Tee-garden, John Murray, Frank Ingram, Daniel Scattergood. The present church-building, occupying the site of its predecessor, was built in 1875. THE DISCIPLES' CHURCH OF NEW GARDEN. A Disciple congregation was organized at New Garden in 1842 as a branch of the church at Hanover, although the members of the congregation worshiped in the town schoolhouse and Methodist church previous to and in 1841, and in that year built a frame church south of the centre of the village. At the organization there were fully 50 members, of whom Thomas Robinson, Anthony Taylor, and John Montgomery were chosen trustees. The congregation worshiped in the frame church until 1856, when, the membership having materially declined in number, the separate organization was abandoned and a return made to the church at Hanover, where the members of the New Garden congregation thereafter attended worship. The church-building was shortly afterwards sold and removed bodily farther north, and now serves as the residence of James Moots in the village. In 1874 the growth of membership had assumed a healthful tone, and, a reorganization of the church being effected with about 100 members, a new church-building—the one now in use—was erected in 1875. The trustees upon reorganization were Wm. C. Flick, Jonathan Elton, Emanuel Angomar, they being also the present trustees. During the early days of the church's history dependence for preaching was made upon occasional supplies as they could be procured. Since the reorganization the preachers have been James Wilson, T. J. Newcomb, Callahan Harier, Samuel Teegarden. The congregation has recently, through removals, been much reduced in numbers, and depends, as earlier, upon supplies. ST. PHILIP'S (CATHOLIC) CHURCH. When Andrew McAllister settled in Franklin township, in 1814, he lost no time in undertaking to effect the establishment there of a Catholic church, and by 1816 several settlers of the Catholic faith having come into the neighborhood, intelligence thereof was conveyed to Canton, Ohio, where the now Bishop Fenwick was a priest, and he, journeying at once to McAllister's house, assembled the members of the faith and held mass. Mass continued to be held at McAllister's house until about 1827, when a church was built near the site of the Catholic graveyard, east of Dungannon, and called St. Paul's church. About 1830 or 1832, Rev. James Conlon was a preacher on a circuit comprising Steubenville, Wellsville, and other places, and probably then began to preach at St. Paul's church. The first stationed pastor was Rev. McCready. In 1847, a majority of the members of the congregation being at Dungannon, it was resolved to change the place of worship to that point, and in that year the large brick edifice now in use there was built at a cost of about $15,000. It occupies a commanding eminence, and is visible from a long dis- TOWNSHIP OF HANOVER - 165 tance. Philip Ehrhardt, of Dungannon, having donated the church-lot, the name of the church was changed to St. Philip's. Among those who have labored there were Rev. Fathers Henry (now archbishop of Milwaukee), Kennedy, Monahan, O'Connor, Crash, Moes, Peters, Flume, Ludwig, Vattman, Spearing, and Voght, the latter being in charge June 1, 1879, when the attendants numbered 100 families, divided between Irish and Germans. SCHOOLS. Isaac Craig, brother of the founder of Hanover village, taught a subscription school in 1809 in the log meetinghouse built by the Friends. Andrew Pettit, one of Hanover's early settlers, succeeded Craig, and taught many years, his school being exceedingly popular and his teaching somewhat better than the average. James Shaw and Levi Miller were also early school-teachers near Hanover ; and one of the first near New Garden was John Montgomery, who was accounted a man of extraordinary ability. He taught in a log school-house, which was erected upon the spot now occupied by the New Garden school-house. Mr. Edward Murray, an old resident near New Garden, says he assisted in building the school-house flue, and remembers the day to have been Feb. 3,1818. He remembers, moreover, that the weather was so bitter cold and the house so imperfect a structure that on the 4th of February, when the children first attended school there, many of them froze their feet, although sitting near the fire, and that the ink froze to solid ice. Besides Montgomery, the early teachers were Benjamin Townsend and Thos. Galbraith. William Knepper, who lived in Franklin township, taught school in Hanover, near Dungannon, in 1818, in the second story of a " spring " which stood on Peter Crissinger's farm, now occupied by Joseph Fife. Knepper had about thirty scholars and taught there three winters, after which Henry Benner taught there, and, several winters afterwards, in a log school-house on Crissinger's farm. Excluding the town school at Hanover, there are eleven schools in the township, to wit : two (high and primary) at Dungannon, two (high and primary) at Kensington, one at New Garden, one at Gillford, and one each in districts 3, 5, 6, 7, and 9. The average attendance at the township schools is 320, and appropriations for the support of the schools in 1878 aggregated $2650. The Hanover union school contains three departments, and has an average attendance of 190. CEMETERIES. One of the first, if not the first, burying-grounds laid out in the township was the one at the Quaker meeting-house near Hanover. William Craig, father of James Craig, is supposed to have been the first person buried there. He died about 1808. Although the ground was raid out by the Friends, it was free for public use, and many people from a long distance conveyed the bodies of their friends thither. The ground, which is a neatly-kept spot, is still used. So much was the ground in demand that there were within it not long ago eight hundred visible graves. There is an old burying-ground, also, near New Garden. That too was laid out by the " Friends," near their meeting-house, and, although the Friends and their meeting- house have passed out of the township, the graveyard still remains, and, while being used by the general public, is kept in excellent repair and tastefully beautified from time to time. HANOVER FIRE COMPANY. About 1840, Hanover organized a fire-engine company, with A. N. Kineau as foreman, and it flourished well for a few years, but, conflagrations being exceedingly rare, the members lost interest in the company, and the organization was gradually dissolved. About 1860 the company was revived, only to pass, however, through a similar experience that ended in dissolution. The old hand fire-engine is still at hand, but, somewhat rusty from disuse, would probably in case of a fire be passed over in favor of the old-fashioned " bucket brigade." SECRET SOCIETIES. SANDY VALLEY LODGE, NO. 408, F. AND A. M was organized at Hanoverton, October, 1868, with charter-members as follows : R. Pritchard, J. Sultner, R. R. Bourn, T. Keith, J. Fife, R. J. Boyce, W. L. Parthe, W. E. Patterson, Thos. Shaw, W. Lims. The first officers were R. R. Bourn, W. M. ; S. Keith, S. W. ; R. Boyce, J. W. ; R. Pritchard, S. D. ; T. Shaw, Treas. ; Theo. Arter, Sec. The lodge had, June 1, 1879, a membership of 60, and the following for officers : J. B. Ray, W. M. ; L. Hoops, S. W. ; F. F. Conser, J. W. ; Stephen Keith, Treas. ; D. B. Cassidy, Sec. ; A. E. Petit, S. D. ; T. Kepner, J. D. ; John Loevinger, Tyler. MINERVA CHAPTER, NO. 123, R. A. M., was organized at Minerva, March, 18'70, with the following as officers : J. Craig, H. P. ; J. S. Hostetter, S. S. ; J. Grim, E. K. ; H. A. Foster, C. of H. ; A. E. Perdue, P. S.; M. Foracre, R. A. C. ; A. E. Petit, G. M. 1st V. ; W. L. Parthe, G. M. 2d V. ; W. B. Reed, G. M. 3d V. ; J. Hibbets, Guard. The chapter was removed to Hanover, Feb. 11, 1879. The members number .now 44, and the officers are : D. W. Wells, M. E. H. P. ; F. H. Hawley, E. King ; II. A. Foster, E. &jibe ; J. C. Hostetter, C. of H. ; W. J. Mong, P. S. ; D. J. Davis, R. A. Cap. ; E. Messmore, G: M. 2d V. ; John Numan, G. M. 3d V. ; M. S. Milburn, G. M. 1st V. ; John Numan, Treas. ; W. J. Mong, Sec. ; James Hibbets, Guard. HANOVER LODGE, NO. 655, I. O. O. F., was organized at Hanoverton in 1876 with 15 charter-members and the following officers : Harrison Cox, N. G. ; Owen Stackhouse, V. G. ; Peter Phillips, R. S. ; Jarvis Hotchkiss, P. S. ; John Roudebush, T. The members now number 30, and the officers are : Thomas Ehrhardt, N. G. ; Wm. Davidson, V. G. ; Chas. Swearingen, R. S. ; James Sultner, P. S. ; Daniel Burt, T. GILLFORD GRANGE, NO. 934, was organized at Gillford in 1872 with 30 charter-members. The grange is now flourishing, has a membership of 80, and owns a hall at Gillford, in which meetings are held. The officers at present are Jacob Calrup, M. ; Aaron Arter, O. ; George Blythe, S. ; Leonard Hoops, A. S. ; Geo. Hos- 166 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO tetter, Sec. ; Geo. Green, T. ; Anna Morgan, Lecturer ; Albert Chandler, Chaplain. POST-OFFICES. A post-office was established at Hanover about 1812, when James Craig was postmaster, and the name of the post-office was Hanoverton, as there was already a Hanover in Ohio. After the failure of the " company" store, which Craig managed, the post-office at Hanoverton was discontinued for a time. In 1832 Owen Williams was appointed. George Fries was the incumbent in 1837, and after him the office was held by Henry Fries, J. R. After, Wm. Hamilton, A. N. Kineau, George Akers, H. B. Pearce, E. L. Strohm, and Stephen Keith, the latter being the present incumbent. The first postmaster at New Garden was Joseph Griswold, who kept the office on his farm near the village. James Graham, the next postmaster, had the office in his store in the village, and was the postmaster for forty years, save for an interregnum of four years, during which Clayton Thornbury and Jonah Parker were appointees. Mr. Graham was succeeded in 1870 by Jesse Kepner, the present incumbent. Mr. Graham used often to relate that the first mail he changed after his appointment was changed by the light of the moon, the mail-rider, in passing through from Hanover, having arrived late at night. Dungannon was established as a post-office about 1836, when Hiram Gayer was appointed postmaster. John Conlon was his successor, and in 1846 James Hogan took the office, and has held it ever since. Gifford was established as a post-office in 1835, but, by reason of there being another post-office with that name in, the State, the name of Bucks P. 0. was given to it as a compliment to Moses Buck, the first appointee. After Buck's term, the postmasters were Caleb Hawley, Moses Louthan, Benjamin Hawley, Robert Pitcairn,, Isaac Miller, Wm. McMillan, Emanuel Hawley, Shepard Hawley. The latter has been the incumbent since 1865. When the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad was completed, in 1852, the present village of Kensington was made a postal station and Jacob Dutton appointed postmaster. Dutton kept store, and when that burned, a short time after 1852, the post-office was discontinued. To that time the place, as a post-town, had been known as Ingraham, although called Maysville as a town. The office was not revived until 1860, when B. C. Battin was appointed postmaster and the name of the postal-station changed to Maysville. There was an attempt made to rob Maysville of its post-office, and at the end of four months the office was again discontinued. It was again revived, in 1861, discontinued at the end of fourteen days, but revived again almost directly ; it has since then been undisturbed. Mr. Battin was reappointed in 1861, and held the office until 1866, when Levi Shaw, the present incumbent, was appointed. In 1876 the name of the town as well as post-office was changed to Kensington. MANUFACTURES. About 1840, or before, Anthony Taylor put up a foundry at New Garden, and began to make plows and plow-points. To him succeeded Pierce Taylor, his son, and afterwards Jacob Liber, who made additions to the foundry-building, put in a steam-engine, and added machine-castings to the original list of manufactures. He sold out to Thomas Gardner, who took in Chas. Liber as a partner, and to the latter disposed of his interest. Charles Liber still operates the foundry, and makes plows, plow-points, and castings. E. K. Liber began, in 1865, to manufacture carriages and wagons at New Garden, and since then has carried on the business profitably. He makes about sixty carriages and wagons annually, employs nine men, and disposes of the major portion of his manufactures at home. His father, Charles Liber, was engaged at New Garden in the manufacture of wagons from 1839 until his death, in 1874. Jas. Saffell had a machine shop at New Garden at an early date, upon the site of Liber's wagon-factory, and operated it about fifteen years. In 1814, Samuel Holland, of New Lisbon, set up a carding-machine upon the present site of Hudd & Son's woolen-mill at Kensington, and shortly afterwards added a linseed-oil mill. He put in a tramp-wheel, and, when water failed, used a pair of oxen as the motive power, and soon added two mill-stones. At his death, in 1837, the mill was bought by Wm. Hicklin, who, continuing Holland's business until 1854, built the present mill, introduced steam-power, and began to manufacture woolen goods. In 1864, J. Hudd & Sons, the present proprietors, purchased the mill, and since that time have been making all kinds of woolen goods, knitting-yarns, blankets, hosiery, etc., in the manufacture of which they employ five people. The grist-mill now occupied by Lawson & Levinger, at Hanoyerton, stands upon the site occupied by the grist-mill built in 1839 by Elimelech Swearingen and George Sloan. It was a water-mill until 1849, when, steam was made the motive power, and in that year Swearingen disposing of his interest to Sloan, the latter carried it on until his death, in 1870, when Lawson Levinger purchased the property and still controls it. The mill is four stories in height, has four run of buhrs, and can manufacture about thirty barrels of flour daily. David Grim & Co. have a steam grist-mill north of Hanoverton, with two run of buhrs. This mill was built by Burton Sinclair, upon the site of the mill put up by George Brown, one of the pioneers of Hanover. George Moore operates a saw-mill at Hanoverton, which he took in 1873 from William Sinclair. Mr. Moore cuts about three hundred thousand feet of lumber annually, besides doing considerable planing and turning-work. J. Hardesty & Sons have a fine four-story steam gristmill at Kensington depot. It was built in 1857, by Abraham Leatherberry, who sold it to Hardesty & Sons in 1863. The mill has three buhrs, and has a manufacturing capacity of twenty barrels of flour daily. Shortly after settling in Hanover in 1817, Michael Arter started a tannery on the present site of Arter & Swearingen's store. He continued it at that location until 1835, when he removed it a short distance north. In 1849 his son, A. R., succeeded him in the business, and since then has carried it on. He employs three men and tans about one thousand hides yearly. TOWNSHIP OF HANOVER - 167 EARLY MILLS. Edward Whitacre & Sons built a grist- and saw-mill in 1808, on the narrows of the west fork of the Little Beaver, south of where Gillford now stands. In 1810, Nicholas Miller built one just below there. Hugh Hillis and Joseph Bailey purchased Whitacre's mill, and ran it until 1846, when it was abandoned. George Brown, from Virginia, moved into Hanover in 1810, with a wife and five children, and put up a grist-mill on the site now occupied by J. Grim's mill. In 1808, James Craig, who laid out Hanover, built a saw- and grist-mill, which in 1817 was purchased by William Kennedy and Arthur Lockard, who put into it the first buhr-stones seen in those parts. In 1811, Amos Frost came into the township from Fayette Co., Pa., and settled on the west fork of the Little Beaver, where, in 1814, he built a grist- and saw-mill. There S. J. Rolder has a grist-mill now Levi Miller established a fulling- and saw-mill in 1832, just below Hanover. This was the first mill in the township to use steam as a motive power, and continued in operation about thirty years. John Emory put up, in 1810, a small tannery on the place now occupied by F. Shearer, but transacted only a light trade. THE HANOVER RIFLES. Hanover village many years ago boasted the possession of a crack military company, known as the Hanover Rifles. The company was organized about 1833, when military ardor ran rampant, with 60 members. Edward Rhodes was the captain, and Samuel Fox first lieutenant. Capt. Rhodes was shortly afterwards chosen major in the militia, and, resigning his command of the Rifles, was succeeded by Joseph Brown. The company paraded occasionally in showy uniform of white, with red sash, and was the sensation for seven years, when, military enthusiasm declining, it passed gradually out of existence. HANOVER CORNET BAND. Hanover village has a fine cornet band of eleven pieces, under the leadership of Thomas Fox. The first band organized in the village was called into existence in 1847, through the efforts of A. R. Arter and others. There were originally fifteen pieces, and in a brief space of time the Hanover Band was a well-drilled organization, whose fame extended east and west as far as and farther than Buffalo and Chicago, whither it was frequently called. The first band-teacher was Lewis Carr, who, passing through the town with a show, was induced to tarry behind and take charge of the Hanover Band. He continued to serve as teacher and leader for several years, and when he was absent his place as leader was filled by Lucien Shoemaker. Since 1847, Hanover has had a band as the almost steady and almost uninterrupted outgrowth of the original organization, although there have been brief intervals when its interests were permitted to languish. THE OHIO AND TOLEDO RAILROAD. A narrow-gauge railway, known as the Ohio and Toledo Railroad, was projected at Leetonia in 1872, and was, ac cording to intention, to extend from some point on the line between Pennsylvania and Ohio to Toledo via Hanoverton and Bolivar, with a branch, moreover, at Hanoverton connecting the latter with Painesville. The enterprise was encouraged by people along the proposed line, but bad management and failure of contractors on the work brought the matter to grief,—as far as concerned Hanoverton, at least, the only progress effected in that vicinity being the grading of about two miles of the roadway from the town to the township-line. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. A. R. ARTER. Prominent among the pioneers of Columbiana County we find the name of Michael Arter, who came to New Lisbon (the county-seat) in 1805. He was born in Maryland, and came here, with his parents, when ten years of age. In. 1816 he married Lydia, daughter of Joseph Richardson. The father of Mrs. Arter was one of the best-known public men of the State of Ohio, having been elected to the Legislature and Senate of the State, serving as speaker of the latter for some time. Michael Arter moved from New Lisbon to Hanover in the year 1816. There was then only one house in the place, the whole surrounding country being at that time almost entirely unsettled. He held many prominent positions in the county. In all these he acquitted himself to the satisfaction of those who had confided their trusts to him. He was the father of seven children,—five sons and two daughters,—viz. : Joseph R., born in New Lisbon, Oct. 18, 1817 ; now living in New Lisbon ; has held some prominent positions, viz. : clerk of court of Columbiana County and State revenue collector for Eastern Ohio during the 168 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Rebellion. D. A., born Jan. 3, 1820 ; now living in Canton, Stark Co., O. ; a prominent physician and surgeon. A. R., born Feb. 11, 1822 ; now a merchant in Hanover, Columbiana Co. Jane K., born Jan. 8, 1824 ; deceased. Jason R., born Dec. 12, 1825 ; served two years as surgeon in the army, under Gen. Thomas ; died 1873. Catharine A., born April 30, 1828 ; married to Rev. J. Wright, a Methodist minister ; now living in Cardington, O. T. J., born July 22, 1830 ; held the offices of United States assessor and collector during the Rebellion ; is now living on the old farm, first bought by his father. A. R. Arter, the third son,-who contributes this family history, learned the tanning trade when quite young, and took charge of his father's tannery until 1845, when he married Mary, daughter of Elimelech Swearingen ; from this union were born seven children,-six sons and one daughter,-viz. : Leonard, born Aug. 3, 1846 ; served in the Union army during the Rebellion; escaped the dangers of the battle-field and sickness of the camp; reached home in safety ; died June 19, 1870. Alonzo, born Feb. 3, 1850 ; died July 22, 1859. Newton S. and Norman R. (twins), born Nov. 24, 1862 ; Newton S. died June 8, 1863. Elbert E. and Gilbert M. (twins), born June 27, 1865. In 1863, A. R. Arter helped to organize the 18th Ohio Battalion, and was commissioned a captain by Gov. Todd. At the call of Gov. Brough, May, 1864, this battalion responded and reported at Columbus, and with part of the 69th Battalion organized and formed the 143d Ohio Regt. ; was mustered into the United States service on the 13th of May, and on the 15th left for Washington City ; on its arrival was assigned to Gen. Hawkins' Div., 22d Army Corps. A. R. Arter was assigned full command of Fort Slocum, one of the most important points, at the head of Seventh Street, which was held with honor by four companies until the regiment was ordered to embark for Bermuda Hundred ; there it was assigned to the 10th Army Corps, and placed in the entrenchments around Richmond and Petersburg, where it remained in active service until relieved from duty, and, proceeding to Camp Chase, O., was there mustered out of the service. Mr. Arter then left for home with his command, and has since been enjoying a business life in a quit way. Elimelech Swearingen, father of the wife of A. R. Arter, was born in Beaver Co., Pa., Dec. 31, 1791. When about sixteen years of age, moved to Columbiana Co., O., where he resided until his death, July 20, 1869. Mr. Swearingen married Sarah Wilcoxon, June 14, 1810. From this union were born thirteen children,-five sons and eight daughters,-viz. : Mary A., born May 15, 1811 ; died Feb. 14, 1821. Rebecca, born Feb. 4, 1813 ; was married to John Eidley, of Hanover, O. ; died May 26, 1865. Ruth, born Jan. 17, 1815 ; died May 20, 1875. Elimelech, born November, 1816 ; married Martha Hurford, of Canton, O. ; died August, 1862. Virlinda, born Oct. 14, 1818 ; was married to Richard Aten, of Wellsville, O. George W., born Sept. 14, 1820; married Matilda Chapman, of Virginia ; is now a practicing physician in Bedford, Taylor Co., Iowa. Elizabeth A., born Aug. 26, 1822 ; was married to A. Hurford, of Canton, O. ; died Aug. 21, 1843. Daniel, born Feb. 23, 1826 ; married Hannah Chambers, of Steubenville, O. ; now residing on a farm near Indiana, county-seat of Indiana Co., Pa. Lucinda, born Sept. 1, 1828 ; was married to O. G. Russell, of Wellsville, O. ; died March 13, 1858. Henry H., born July 17, 1830 ; married Maggie Poulton, of Columbiana County ; she died Jan. 17, 1868. He then married Jennie Steele, of Carrollton, O. ; is now living in Hanover, O. ; engaged in mercantile business. Greenberry, born Jan. 21, 1833 ; married Sarah Swearingen, of Columbiana County ; resides at Kensington, Columbiana Co., O. ; engaged in mercantile .business. Sarah, born March 1, 1836 ; resides at the old homestead. KNOX. SITUATION—WATER-COURSES. THE township of Knox, No. 17 in range 5, is the northwest corner township in the present county of Columbiana. It comprises 36 square miles of land, more or less hilly, and is well drained by the Mahoning River and its tributaries. It has no low or marsh lands incapable of successful cultivation. The waters of the Mahoning, which rises in West and Butler, are considerably augmented in their passage through the township. The township is bounded north by Mahoning County, east by Butler township, south by West township, and "West by Stark County. EARLY SETTLEMENTS. Early settlements in Knox township, as in many others, were induced by the low price fixed by the Federal Government in the sale of the public lands. The natural situation, the fertility of the soil, and the healthful climate were additional causes of early immigration and rapid settlement. These considerations resulted in the permanent settlement of the township, notwithstanding a very large portion of its territory was purchased by speculators, who, within the ensuing twenty years, disposed of it to settlers at advanced prices. The first permanent settler of the township was John Thomas, of Adams Co., Pa., who came with a family of grown children. He entered sections 27, 28, and 29 in the year 1804. The children were John, Michael, Samuel and Peter (twins), Henry, Mary, who afterwards married John Niswander. Susan, Sarah, and Thomas were born in Knox. The children of John, the oldest son, were Elizabeth, John, Mary, and Catharine. The children of Henry were Mary, Samuel, David, Jacob, Daniel, Barbara, George, Esther, Margaret, and Henry, Jr. Michael, the second son, brought a family of two children from Pennsylvania,—Margaret and Henry. Thomas, the youngest son, lives on the homestead farm, on section 28. John Thomas, the pioneer, died in the year 1818, at the age of seventy-three years, and was interred in the burying-ground in Butler township, east of the present village of North Georgetown. Moses, John, Thomas, and Richard Gilson, brothers, made a permanent settlement in the township soon after the Thomas family, and probably in the next year. Thomas Gilson, now living on section 31, is a grandson of Thomas the pioneer. Jacob Shaffer, a native of Lancaster Co., Pa., settled in Knox in 1804. His children by his first wife were Solomon and Margaret, who married Joseph Bloom English. During Sabbath morning service on the banks of the Sandy, June 2, 1822, Mrs. Shaffer and her infant child 22 were killed by a falling tree. The second wife of Jacob was Nancy Linard, by whom he had children,—Lydia, who married David Johnson ; Joseph, who married Elizabeth Thomas, and lives in Knox township ; Susanna, who married Michael Haveley ; Hannah, who married John Myers ; Mary, who married Henry Hustand;. Amanda, who became Mrs. Thomas Isaman ; Abigail, who became the wife of Dayton Halloway ; Joshua, David, and Jacob. Daniel Whiteleather, now living at North Georgetown, is one of a family of eight children, sons and daughters of Andrew Whiteleather. This family, all grown, settled in the township in 1807. The children were John, Christophel, George, David, Polly, Mary, Elizabeth, and Catharine. Of this family, David, who alone survives, lives on the homestead farm, on section 25, and has had thirteen children,—Andrew, John, Harriet, Mary, Joseph, Moses, Margaret, Jane, wife of Levi McLaughlin, David, William, Jacob, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Rosanna. Parmenas Lamborn, of Chester Co., Pa., settled on section 13 in the year 1814, having a family consisting of a wife and four children,—Isaac ; Mariam, who married John Buck ; Dinah, who 'harried James Hartley ; and William. These were born subsequently : Elizabeth, who married Joseph Ball, and died in 1874 ; Annie, who died in 1851 ; Lydia ; and Mary, who died in 1837. The children of John and Mariam (Lamborn) Buck were Nathan, who died in 1848 or '49; Jonathan, who died aged three years ; Rebecca, who died in infancy ; Josiah, who died in 1855 ; John W. ; and Mary Anna, who married James Brandon, and lives in Knox township. John Weaver, of Bedford Co., Pa., settled on section 35 in 1819. His children, all of whom are natives of Knox, are David, Isaac, John, William, Nancy, and Catharine. Of these, Isaac only now lives in the township. John Weaver, Sr., the father of John, the settler mentioned above, settled on section 36 in 1822. With him came five children,—Nancy, who married Isaac Yengling ; Abraham, who married Susan Conser ; Samuel, Isaac, and Barbara. Isaac married Catharine Shively, and had nine children,—Daniel, John, Susan, who married Henry Hoffman, and was killed by lightning _in 1868 ; Elizabeth, who married Eli Stoffer ; Franklin, Isaac, Delilah, who married Barney Neal ; David, and Levi. In 1821, Cornelius Sheehan, of Lancaster Co., Pa., settled on section 32. In his family were ten children,—five boys and five girls,—viz. : Isabella, John, William, Jeremiah, Rebecca, Elizabeth, and Samuel ; and step-children, - Mary A., Nancy, and James. Of these, Jeremiah, Elizabeth, and Samuel live in Knox township. John, the second son, died in 1852. The children of Jeremiah are Ann, who married Nerr Burns; and Calvin, Thomas, Jesse, Franklin, - 169 - 170 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Hannah, Mary Jane, Ella, Alice, and Stanton. Elizabeth married Jesse Thompson, and has one child, Rebecca Jane. The children of Samuel are John, Albert, Mary (Mrs. Smith Davis), Elizabeth (Mrs. John Piel), Luther, George, Amanda, who died in 1866, William, and Florence. William, the son of Samuel, died in 1866, leaving three children,—Joseph W., Elizabeth (Mrs. Dr. J. L. Johnson), and James A. Joseph W. and James A. live on the homestead farm. James Johnson entered a quarter of section 17 in 1823. His children were Sarah, James, Christopher, Samuel, David, Jane, Eliza, William, Nancy, and Margaret. Of these, Nancy and Margaret are natives of Knox township. David lives on section 28, and has eight children,—Margaret Jane, Nancy Ann, Eliza Ella, James, Jacob, Hannah Mary, Joseph, and Clement L. V. James Beer, a pensioner of the war of 1812, settled in Wayne township in 1805, and in 1830 removed to Knox, bringing a wife and family. The children were Jane, who married Dr. Joshua Anderson, and lives in Knox township ; John, Margaret, who married Dr. Joseph Dilworth, and lives in Stark County ; James, Susan, who married David Huff; Hannah, Elizabeth, and Ellen. Mr. Beer still lives in Knox township, at the village of Homeworth. Rev. Joshua Beer, another son of the pioneer James, had settled in Knox in 1825, leaving in Portage County, from whence he came, a family of grown sons and daughters. Mr. Beer had preached in Knox as early as 1818. While preaching at the Middle Sandy Presbyterian church, in 1843, he was suddenly attacked with illness, and died in a few days afterwards. Christian Dellenbaugh settled in Knox township in 1824. In 1826, Dr. John Dellenbaugh, son of Christian, commenced the practice of medicine at North Georgetown, continuing twenty-eight years. Daniel Borton, a native of Burlington Co., N. J., bought lands from the government, comprising 77 55/100 acres on section 9, receiving a grant therefor bearing the signature of President John Adams. He settled on the land in 1826. He married Mary Foughty, by whom he had eight children : Charlotte, who married Amos Wilson, and lives in Butler ; Rachel, who married Joseph Towns, and lives in Missouri; Eliza, who lives at home ; Horace P., who married Paulina Clement, and lives in Knox ; Sarah, who married Jesse Towns, and lives in Mason Co., Mich. ; Cyrus, who married Phebe A. Brosius, and lives in Smith ; Mary, who died in infancy ; and Daniel, Jr., now living in Knox. Samuel Hoffman, a pioneer of Salem township, settled on section 21 in 1829. John, the oldest son living of a family of eight children, resides in Knox, on the homestead farm. George M. Bowman settled on lands in section 23 in 1832. He married Catharine Summers, by whom he had five children,—Aaron, who died in 1834; David S., who married first Rachel E. Criswell, and after her death married Mary J. Shadle ; Emeline H., who married Rev. John Clement, and died in 1875 ; Samuel, who died in 1842 ; and Mary L., who married Samuel Stoffer, and died in 1878. Mr. Bowman died in 1874, aged nearly sixty-three years. The children of David S. are. Charles Sum- nor, Homer Addison, George and David (twins), both of whom died in infancy, and Irene B. The children of Rev. John and Emeline H. (Bowman) Clement are Odessa, Cora, George, Francis, William, and John and James, twins. After the death of his first wife Rev. John Clement married Ella Cayler, by whom he had one child, Ada Bertha. The children of Samuel and Mary L. (Bowman) Stoffer are George S., Leslie A., and John, who died in 1878. Jacob Kuntz. of Union Co., Pa., with his wife and son Robert, settled in North Georgetown in 1836. Since his residence in Knox they have had children,—John, who died in 1875 ; Catharine, who died aged eighteen ; Sarah, who died in infancy; Jacob, now living at North •Georgetown ; Isaac, now living in Indiana ; George, who died in infancy ; William, who lives at home ; Annie, who married Manuel Underwood ; and Eli, who died aged five years. There should be mentioned among the early settlers of the township the family of Benjamin Anderson, who entered land on section 30. He died in 1875, having raised a family of four children,—William, Thomas, Abigail, who married Henry Estep ; and Jane, who married James Hazard. Jacob Stoffer and family, Henry Keister, Daniel Shively, George and Adam Wolf, George and John Mountz, Stophel Miller, Obadiah Crew, Thomas Stanley, Pleasant Cobbs, Adam and Michael Falor, are names deserving of mention as among the early settlers of the township. Of these and possibly others no accurate date of settlement can be obtained. James McLaughlin, an old Revolutionary soldier, who had served under the immediate command of Gen. Washington, came to Columbiana County from Northumberland Co., Pa., and settled near the village of Calcutta, St. Clair township, in the year 1797. In 1830 he removed to Knox township, and settled upon section 18, where he resided a few years, when. he removed to Wayne township, where he died about 1834, having passed his ninetieth y ear. ORGANIZATION. Knox was organized as a township June 14, 1808, in which year the tax levy was $39.54. William Gilson was appointed to collect the tax. Benjamin Anderson and Jacob Crumbacker were appointed the first trustees ; Jacob Gissleman and Andrew Whiteleather, Overseers of the Poor; and James Estep and Joseph Ruder, Fence-Viewers. .In 1809, Waddy Cobbs was elected Clerk, and Jacob Stoffer, Treasurer. There being no election in April following (1810), the township officers were appointed by the Board of Trustees, as follows : George Reamer, Samuel Gibson, and John Thomas, Trustees ; Anthony Miller, Isaac Davis, Adam McGowan, and George Mountz, Supervisors ; Jacob Crumbacker, Clerk ; Jacob Sanor, Treasurer ; James Estep and Adam Wolf, Overseers of the Poor ; and John Gilson, Lister of Property. On April 11, 1811, Moses Gilson and Lewis Cobbs were elected Justices of the Peace. The old record book from which this compilation is made is partially destroyed, rendering it impossible to procure the list of town officers from 1821 to 1829, inclusive. Assessors were not elected until 1842. Since DAVID JOHNSON. This gentleman was born in County Down, Ireland, in 1823. When but eight years old he was brought by his father, Mr. James Johnson, to this country. The family started from Belfast, Ireland, and after being at the mercy of the winds and waves for seven weeks landed at Boston, thanking a kind Providence who had protected and brought them safely over the great deep. As soon as Mr. J. Johnson could get his family located he commenced weaving for a live lihood, working at this business for one year. In 1823 he moved to New Lisbon, Ohio, and worked in the iron manufactory ; remained about three years. Moving from there to Knox township, he entered a quarter-section of land and carried on farming until his death, which occurred May 11, 1859. James Johnson's family consisted of ten children,—five sons and five daughters,—viz.: Sarah, James, Christopher, Samuel, David, Jane, Elisa, William, Nancy, and Margaret, all born in Ireland except the last two. At the age of twenty-one David Johnson left his father and commenced life for himself, choosing the carpenter trade, which he learned and worked at for fifteen years. In 1845 he married Lydia, (laughter of Jacob and Nancy Shaffer. He was the father of eight children, viz. : Margaret J., Nancy A., Eliza E., James, Jacob, Hannah M., Joseph, Clement L. V. Four only are living. Margaret J. was married to David Weaver ; is living in Knox township. Hannah M. was married to Oscar McClain; living in Carroll Co., Ohio. Joseph and Clement are living at home with their parents. David Johnson having spent the early part of his life assisting his father on the farm, learned to like this employment, and while working at his trade his mind often reverted to the pleasures of his early life and caused him to wish for the scenes of other days. This desire grew until he finally decided to return to his first love. No sooner was the decision made than tools were dropped and a suitable location for farming selected. This place was a farm of eighty acres in Knox County, but casting about him he saw what he thought a more desirable spot in Knox township; Columbiana Co. ; so he made the trade of his eighty acres for forty acres, giving one hundred dollars in money. After some time had elapsed he found he could sell this farm at a good profit, which he did, and again bought eighty-five acres in the same township. This farm was nearly all timber land, with no improvements. Owing to his untiring energy, the small space then cleared rapidly enlarged until the forest became fertile fields, and he can now enjoy the fruits of his industry. Mr. Johnson has held several offices of trust in his township, all of which he has filled to the satisfaction of the people and with personal credit. He is at this time trustee of Knox township. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson have been active members of the Presbyterian Church for thirty-six years. In politics he has been a life-long Democrat. He is a good neighbor and a kind friend. The labors of his energetic life have been crowned with success. His strict integrity in all business transactions commands the respect and esteem of all who know him. Mrs. David Johnson was born Jan. 18, 1825, in Knox township, Columbiana Co. Her father, John Shaffer, was born in Pennsylvania in 1791; died Jan. 7, 1845. His wife, Nancy, was born in the same State in 1804; is still living at the advanced age of seventy-five years. TOWNSHIP OF KNOX - 171 1812 the township officers, with the exception above mentioned, have been as follows: CLERKS. 1812, Waddy Cobbs ; 1813, Jacob Crumbacker ; 1814, Waddy Cobhs ; 1815, Henry Estep; 1816-17, Thomas M. Anderson; 1818, Moses Gilson ; 1819-20, Joseph Hoiles ; 1830-31, Henry Estep ; 1832, Elijah Cranford; 1833, Rohert N. Buck; 1834-35, Daniel Borton; 1836, Detrich Hoffman; 1837, Daniel Borton; 1838, Samuel L. Sturgeon ; 1839-42, Daniel Borton; 1843-49, John Hoffman; 1850-51, Henry Fox ; 1852, B. F. Burchfield; 1853, Christian W. Dellenbaugh; 1854-57, John Hoffman; 1858, A. J. King; 1859- 66, John Hoffman ; 1867, John A. Clements; 1868-69, John Hoffman; 1870-71, B. F. Sturgeon ; 1872-73, John Hoffman; 1874-76, George A. Ruff; 1877-78, H. H. Hahn; 1879, G. W. Sturgeon. TREASURERS. 1812-14, Jacoh Saner; 1815, Ohadiah Crew; 1816-17, John Gilson ; 1818, James Estep ; 1819-20, John Stanley ; 1830, G. W. Ritchie ; 1831-41, John Stanley ; 1842-52, Jacob Diehl ; 1853, Joseph Estep ; 1854-55, Daniel W. Shively ; 1856-57, William Shitzley ; 1858, Peter Keplinger ; 1859-61, John Crisinger ; 1862-64, William Anderson; 1865, Samuel Fox ; 1866, P. W. Taylor; 1867, Joshua Lee; 1868-71, John McGary ; 1872-75, James Pilmer ; 1876, A. J. Little; 1877, Andrew Little; 1878-79, D. A. Ruff. ASSESSORS. 1842-44, Samuel L. Sturgeon ; 1845, James Gilson ; 1846, David Eckstine; 1847, Robert W. King; 1848-51, Isaac Weaver ; 1852-53, Levi Fox ; 1854, D. H. Eckstine; 1855-57, Isaac Weaver, Jr.; 1858, D. H. Eckstine; 1859-60, John A. Clement ; 1861-62, Jason Fox ; 1863, John C. McLaughlin; 1864, Isaac Weaver, Jr.; 1865, Aaron Diehl ; 1866, A. J. Diehl ; 1867, Daniel W. Firestone ; 1868- 69, B. F. Sturgeon; 1870, S. S. Dice ; 1871-72, George A. Ruff; 1873-74, Frank Weaver ; 1875-76, I. H. Weaver; 1877-78, Frank Saffell ; 1879, B. H. Randolph. HAMLETS AND NEIGHBORHOODS. NORTH GEORGETOWN, a pretty little hamlet of about 200 inhabitants, occupying an elevated position at the intersection of two highways, on sections 24 and 25, was laid out in the year 1830. George Stiger platted the north and John Whiteleather the south portion. The first building erected on the site was a log house built by John Weaver, in 1828, two years before the town was laid out. In 1833 a hotel was opened by Jacob Ritter, who kept it in operation several years. George Wolf, Alexander Crump, David Eckstine, David Summers, and Samuel Sturgeon, respectively, succeeded to the proprietorship. At the death of Mr. Sturgeon, the house went into disuse. The present hotel was started in 1874, by Jacob Kuntz. HOMEWORTH, a post-office station on the line of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, was laid out and platted Aug. 28, 1851, under the proprietorship of Jonas Ruff, Samuel Fox, and Jacob Williams. This place owes its existence mainly to the railroad, although a collection of buildings, under the name of " Winchester," was known as early as 1840. The post-office prior to 1869 was known as " Sandy Post-Office," but at that time the more pleasing title of " Homeworth" was adopted. The first hotel was built by Jonas Ruff, in the year 1852, on the main " four corners" of the town. Over the door of the hotel for several years was displayed the words, " Call and see Jonas Ruff." Mr. Ruff kept the hotel until about 1863, when Reuben Shadier took charge. In 1871, P. W. Taylor bought the property, and conducts the hotel in connection with his duties as postmaster. READING is a small and almost extinct borough, situated midway between North Georgetown and Homeworth, on what is known as the " old Thomas road." The original plat was made about the year 1840, and several houses built. It was confidently expected that this would be the centre of trade for the residents of the township. The current was, however, setting strongly towards the other places, and the hamlet of Reading never extended beyond its original plat of forty acres. CHURCHES. MIDDLE SANDY PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first divine service held in Knox township was in the summer of 1816. Rev. Robert Semple, of the II art-ford, Conn., Presbytery, officiated. The service was held in the woods, near where the church-edifice now stands. On the 10th of November, 1821, the church was reguiarly organized by Rev. John Core, of the same Presbytery. The original members were nine, comprising six families. Moses, Thomas, and John Gilson, Henry Estep, Benjamin Anderson, and Cornelius Sheehan were among the first members. Moses Gilson and Henry Estep were chosen ruling elders. On the 2d day of June, 1822, the sacrament of the Lord's Supper was administered for the first time, by Rev. James Robertson, assisted by Rev. Joshua Beer. This service was held in the woods, during which a furious storm suddenly burst upon the worshipers, and a falling tree killed Mrs. Jacob Shaffer and her infant child. The text on this memorable occasion was taken from Zechariah. ix. 12: " Turn you to the stronghold, ye prisoners of hope." No record exists of the time of building the first meeting-house, but it must have been about 1825. The present edifice was erected in 1853. The several early pastors have been as follows: Revs. Robert Semple, James Robertson, supply, Joshua Beer, James Galbraith, Jehial Talmadge, In 1843, Rev. Joshua Beer was called to succeed Mr. Talmadge. While in the midst of a discourse from Rev. iii. 20,-" Behold, I stand at the door, and knock,"-he was suddenly attacked with illness, from which lie died in a few days. GERMAN BAPTIST CHURCH. The early meetings of this society were held in log houses, informally and without any organization, as early as 1810. The families, of course, were few. Peter Summers, John Niswander, Samuel and Henry Thomas and their families, and a few from Stark County comprised the original society. These meetings from place to place were continued until 1860, at which time a louse of worship was erected on section 27. Lewis Glass was the first preacher. In 1878 the church-edifice was remodeled and enlarged to its present proportions, 40 by 90 feet. This is the largest church-edifice of the township, and will comfortably scat 600 persons. The church has a membership 172 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. of 278, under the pastoral care of Revs. John Clements and Lewis Glass, both of Knox. DISCIPLES CHURCH. The Disciples' or Christian church, of Knox, was never a regular church organization. The early meetings commenced with the settlement of families of this faith in the township, about 1830. In 1866 the society, numbering about 14 members, purchased the school-house on section 10, and removed it to lands of Daniel Borton, on section 9, where the society has since worshiped. No pastor is employed, the services being conducted by the members. alternately. BETHEL CHURCH. Bethel church (Lutheran and German Reformed) was organized about the year 1830. The house of worship is situated on section 15, on lands deeded in 1838 to Jacob Cronig and Jacob Miller, for the society, and was built in 1839-40. Among the first members were Jacob Monk, David Ramsayer, and Samuel Hoffman. Among the early pastors were Rev. Peter Hasbrouck and Revs. Miller and Quigler, the latter remaining with the society twenty-one years. The early records are so imperfect that a more complete history cannot be given. The present church was built in 1860. EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. This church is located at North Georgetown, and traces its origin to the old society of the same faith in Butler township, organized about 1813. In 1830 the church on the hill east of Georgetown was erected, and occupied in common by those who are now of the German Reformed and the Evangelical Lutheran societies. A discussion which arose concerning the form of service to be employed —English or German—resulted in the withdrawal of those who preferred the former. They organized the Evangelical Lutheran church, under the direction of David, George, Andrew, and John Whiteleather, Peter Zimmerman, Rev. Peter Harrington, and others. This was in 1861. Mr. Harrington held the charge for several years. Rev. Mr. Seachrist is the present pastor. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. The society of this church meets for worship in the church-edifice situated on the hill east of Homeworth. It was organized about the year 1840 ; but no reliable jnror-. motion of its early history or records is obtainable. SCHOOLS. The first school in the township was opened in a log house, or cabin, built by Samuel Thomas, on section 29, in the year 1806. Thomas Anderson taught this school. In 1826 the township contained four school districts. About this time the school-house on mid-sections 8 and 9 was built, and was taught, first by Daniel Borton, subsequently by John Thomas. In 1852 the township was divided into eleven school districts, which number was increased to twelve in 1860 by the division of number eleven. These twelve districts are all provided with good, commodious, and comfortable buildings. In the summer season twelve teachers are employed, in the winter fourteen. Section 16, reserved and set apart to the township for school purposes, has been sold in several parcels, and the avails thereof permanently and securely invested, and the interest regularly applied to defray the current school expense. The amount so received annually is $465.54. The amount received froth the State authorities for school purposes, in 1878, was $1207.50. The average cost of maintaining the schools is about $2700 per annum. INDUSTRIAL PURSUITS. The township of Knox comprises thirty-six square miles of land, containing in the aggregate 23,040 acres. Each section has 640 acres, and is divided into farms or parcels containing an average of about 75 acres, by estimate based upon the subdivisions of 1873. By this it will be observed that the owners of farms are more than 300 in number. Agriculture is the chief occupation of the people in this township, although the unusually good water-privileges have led to the erection of several mills. The first mill erected in the township—a saw-mill—was on section 29, and was built by the pioneer John Thomas in the year 1806. This saw-mill was operated by Mr. Thomas until 1815, when he was, by an accident, severely injured. John Dean succeeded to the ownership, and ran the mill three years. In 1818 the property and 50 acres of land adjoining were purchased by Rev. Joshua Beer. This old pioneer structure was long since destroyed, and removed to make room for modern improvements. Prominent among the manufacturing interests are the " Homeworth Agricultural Works," built in the year 1858, and operated by George W. Lee and Herbert Thomas, under the firm-name of " Geo. W Lee & Co." In 1861 the works • were enlarged and improved by Mr. Thomas, successor of the late firm, and named " Homeworth Agricultural Works." Here are manufactured grain-drills, corn-shellers, mowers, and agricultural implements of various kinds. The old Redmond saw- and grist-mill, built about 1830 ; the Georgetown mill, built in 1848, by John Dellenbaugh ; a steam saw-mill on section 15, one on section 30, and another on section 3 ; and the grist-mill owned by Andrew Whiteleather, at Georgetown, built in 1868-69, comprise the principal milling industries of the township. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH. ENOS COOK. In another part of this work may be found a view of the home of Enos Cook, accompanied by the portraits of himself and wife. Caleb Cook (father of Enos Cook) came from Pennsylvania to Knox township, Ohio, in 1835, bringing, with him his family, which consisted of his wife and ten children,—eight girls and two boys. Three girls and one boy are deceased, leaving one sou only (Enos). Caleb Cook died in 1870 Mrs. Caleb Cook died in 1864. This family are of Scotch descent. Enos Cook was born in Chester Co., Pa., May 13, 1821. TOWNSHIP OF LIVERPOOL - 173 Mrs. Enos Cook was born in Columbiana Co., Ohio, Jan. 8, 1827. Enos Cook has been a farmer all his life ; lives on the farm which his father bought when he came to this State ; has helped to clear and to improve it, until it is now one of the finest in that section; and he is one of the thriftiest and best farmers in that part of the county. Everything about his premises is kept up in the best style. His barn is a model of convenience and neatness. Over the door of his barn may be found these words, "What you do, do well,"—a sentiment which he has practiced to the fullest extent. Some of the heaviest stock which has been weighed at Beloit has been raised upon his farm. April 24, 1844, Enos Cook married Ann, daughter of James and Eliza Michener. Three children have blessed this union, viz. : Eliza, Howard, and Leander. One is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Cook belong to the Hicksite Quakers; Mr. Cook has always been called a Republican, but he does not vote at all times with his party, his last vote being cast for Greeley. LIVERPOOL. LIVERPOOL township, numbered 5 and 6 in range 1, occupying the southeastern corner of Columbiana County, lies upon the north bank of the Ohio River, and has upon the north the township of St. Clair ; upon the south, the Ohio River, which separates it from the State of Virginia ; upon the east, the Pennsylvania line ; and upon the west, the townships of Yellow Creek and Madison. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, skirting the entire southern border of the township, follows therein the course of the Ohio, which at East Liverpool describes a crescent. Apart from the village of East Liverpool the township has no concentrated settlement, nor has it, outside of that place, any industry of consequence, except farming. Near the river the soil is stony, and not generally richly productive ; but farther north the region is fruitful, and contains many excellent farms. EARLY SETTLEMENT. That portion of St. Clair township known at first as the " fractional section," and afterwards incorporated as Liverpool township, received its first settlers shortly before the year 1800,—perhaps 1795. One of the early settlers in the neighborhood was Joseph McKinnon, father of George D. McKinnon, of East Liverpool, who, with his father, Daniel, emigrated from the Isle of Skye to America, and landed at Philadelphia about 1774. Daniel was called upon to take the oath of allegiance to the colonies, but, declaring that he was true to King George and proposed to remain so, refused to take the oath, and returned to the mother-country. Joseph, his son, took the oath, however, and settled in Abbottstown, where he followed the business of tanning three years ; he subsequently removed to Washington, Pa., and to Virginia ; returning, he located, about 1799, upon the " fractional section" in St. Clair township, upon a place in section 33 now occupied by John Connell, two miles northwest of G. D. McKinnon's residence. George D. McKinnon was born there, and claims to have been the first white child born in Columbiana County. Mr. McKinnon still lives in East Liverpool, hale and hearty, at the age of eighty. He says that for forty years he has never worn shoes from the time of the departure of frost in the spring until its coming in the fall. His father, who was a hardy pioneer, and fought, under Gen. Anthony Wayne, against the Indians, died in 1809. Noah Grant, a shoemaker, the grandfather of Gen. U. S. Grant, settled upon a place in Swamp Meadow, two miles and a half above Fawcettstown, in April, 1799, and married Annie, daughter of John Kelly, also an early settler. An autographic letter from Jesse Grant, now in the possession of Col H. R. Hill, relates that he was six years old when his father settled near Fawcettstown, and that he recollected hearing Robert Dobbins preach there Christmas day in 1799. The Grant family removed from the county four years after their first settlement, to Wooster, Ohio, from whence they had come. Thomas Fawcett, migrating from Pennsylvania with Robert Boyce, halted at what is now East Liverpool, about 1798 or 1800, and there purchased a tract of 1100 acres of land, fronting on the river, and reaching from where Union Street now is to Jethro. Fawcett made a clearing and built a log cabin, the first in that vicinity, on a lot now owned by James Gaston. Robert Boyce settled on the uplands near the present Spring Grove camp-ground, east of Little Yellow Creek. Among the settlers who were located in what is now Liverpool township, about the year 1800, or shortly thereafter, were the following: John Rauch, who came over from Germany, settled between Yellow Creek and Fawcettstown, and was a shoemaker as well as farmer ; Thomas Ashton, a Quaker, who is supposed to have kept the first store in Fawcettstown or the neighborhood, lived near Rauch ; Angus McBane, a farmer and tanner, lived on the hill above Jethro, where James McBane afterwards lived ; Joseph Hamilton, a farmer, lived near his father-in-law, Thomas Fawcett, who was a Quaker, and worked at his trade as carpenter, as well as on his farm ; Edward Devoe, a colored man, lived in 1800 upon the place now known as Spring Grove camp-ground. Thomas Fawcett was the father of Fawcettstown, which occupied a portion of his tract of 1100 acres. He laid out the town, and called it first St. Clair, after the township, by which name it is known upon the county records where reference is made to Fawcett's land deeds, but the inhabitants christened the place Fawcettstown, in honor of its 174 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. founder, and by that name it was known until its rechristening as Liverpool. Fawcett erected on Carpenter's Run, at the foot of the hill, on the New Lisbon road, the first flour-mill in the county, and, near what is now Jethro, the first saw-mill in the township. The second grist-mill was built by Aaron Brooks, who used horse-power, and who put up also the second carding-machine, the first having been operated by Thomas Fawcett and John Barcroft where Croxall & Cartwright now have a pottery. The second saw-mill was probably erected by John Beaver and Thomas Moore on the Little Beaver. Continuing the list of early settlers, note may be made of Abraham Wellington, a farmer, who located near where Knowles, Taylor & Knowles' pottery now is. Then there was Wm. C. Larwell, of Baltimore, who was the first lawyer to locate in the place, and Harvey Heath, the first blacksmith, whose shop was where Gaston's drug-store now is. Wm. Moore carried on the business of a carpenter and undertaker on the site now occupied by Nath's bakery. Richard Taggart, who lived where Croxall & Cartwright now have a pottery, was drowned while fishing in the Little Beaver. Joseph Smith operated the grist-mill built by Thomas Fawcett, and back of the town, near where Geo. Gaston now lives, was Griffith Williams, a Welsh tanner, who bought fifty acres of land there, and started a tannery. North of his place was Michael McKinnon. East of the town was John Babb, a blacksmith, who put up on Babb's Island the first blacksmith-shop in the county, and so on up the river, Mr. Wise, a farmer, Adam and Geo. Miller, and Peter Wells (the latter living at the mouth of the Little Beaver). Up the creek were Adam Burdeaux, Peter Hyatt, James Burns, and Thomas Moore, who managed the mills built by John Beaver on the creek, and gathered a small settlement, known as Moore's Mills, Beaver's Mills, and Little Beaver Bridge. Moore kept here, besides a grist- and saw-mill, a tavern, store, and blacksmith-shop. John Beaver, who erected the mills, came from Georgetown, and was a sturdy, industrious, and enterprising pioneer. John Kelly, from Brownsville, Pa. (whose sister Annie married Noah Grant), settled on Dry Run, where also Isis sons John and Isaiah, and his son-in-law, William Stout, located. John Kelly, like a good many of his neighbors, was given to illicit' distilling, but he was the only one of them who was broken up by the " whisky boys," as the government raiders were called in those days. His misfortunes made him poor, and he moved out of the county to a place near Vinton, Ohio. Edward Carroll settled about 1800, and shortly afterwards removed to Hanover township. On the hill, west of the creek, were Charles Hoy, Nicholas Dawson, Thomas McCartney, John Gaddis (Scotch weaver), Solomon Cable, Jacob Darner, and Alexander Gaddis (all farmers). Hon. Josiah Thompson, of East Liverpool, has in his possession the original patent granted by Thomas Jefferson, President of the United States, to Charles Blackmore, of section No. 34, in Liverpool township, occupied now in part by Mr. D. J. Smith, two miles north of East Liverpool, on the Calcutta road. The document bears date Aug. 15, 1808, is signed by Thomas Jefferson as President and James Madison, Secretary of State, and reads as follows : "THOMAS JEFFERSON, PRESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. "To all to whom these presents shall come, greeting : "Know ye, that Charles Blackmore, assignee of Thomas Dougherty, having deposited in the Treasury a certificate of the Register of the Land-office at Steubenville, whereby it appears that full payment has been made for a lot or section number Thirty-four of Township number Six in Range number One of the lands directed to be sold at Steubenville by the Act of Congress entitled 'An act providing for the sale of the Lands of the United Stanes in the Territory northwest of the Ohio, and above the mouth of Kentucky River,' and of the acts amendatory of the same; There is granted hy the United States unto the said Charles Blackmore the lot or section of land ahove described; To Have and to Hold the said lot or section of land with the appurtenances, unto the said Charles Blackmore, his heirs and assigns forever. "In testimony whereof I have caused these Letters to he made Patent and the Seal of the United States to hereunto affixed. "Given under my Hand at the City of Washington the Fifteenth day of August, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and eight, and of the Independence of the United States of America the thirty-third. "By the President, " TH. JEFFERSON, "JAMES MADISON, [SEAL.] "Secretary of State." The first shingled roof seen in the town was put upon Robert Boyce's log cabin by " Old Gauge," a carpenter, whose right name was Wm. Hudson. " Old Gauge" was a famous character, and the greatest whisky-drinker in the county, but never got drunk, could maul four hundred logs a day, and was, despite his drinking ways, a man of such steady nerve and industrious habits that there was not so excellent a workman for miles around. Incredible as it may appear, he drank a gallon of whisky every day,—so the story goes,—taking a pint at a certain hour each day, wherefore he was called " Old Gauge." He never made a bargain to work for a man without stipulating for the regular supply of whisky, and always got it. Although he was never known to be drunk while in Liverpool, early habits told upon him in his old age, which he passed in Virginia. Returning to the subject of distilleries, passing mention may be made that whisky was cheap in the early days, else " Old Gauge" would have sometimes failed on his daily gallon. Besides Kelly's distillery, there were those of G. D. McKinnon, James Montgomery, Wm. Badders, Benjamin Blackmore, Geo. Hurlbut, Thomas Gaddis, Robert Wallace, John Polk, John Ainsley, Anthony Blackburn, and Alex. Young. Of the early settlers who had taken part in the war of the Revolution were Joseph McKinnon, Wm. C. Carnagy, John Black, Wm. Ligans, John Moore, and James Moore. Those who served in the war of 1812 were Capt. Wm. Folks, John Jackson, T. A. McKinnon, Mathew Riley, James Gaddis, Nicholas Dawson, Wm. Moore, Wm. Moffatt, John Chamberlain, John Cheney, Wm. Cheney, Arthur Burbeck, John Taggart, Wm. Taggart, Andrew Darner, Joseph Green, Wm. Green, Andrew Green, Thomas George, Wm. Phillips, and Richard Boyce. Wm. C. Larwell issued in 1812 " a call to men of patriotism to enlist in the cavalry service for the war of 1812." As early as 1809, or before, Thomas Fawcett, Jr., opened a tavern in Fawcettstown, at what is now called Gaston's Corners, on Second Street, in a hewn-log house, and estab-