(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 250 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. on the east half of section 26. It is a station on the Fort Wayne Railroad, has important coal interests, and a large and increasing trade, drawn from the rich surrounding country. The village contains a magnificent school-building, four churches, and the interests detailed below. A village was first platted here in 1828 by Thomas Mc-Calla and William Grate, which received the name of Mechanicsburg. This title was changed by the Legislature in 1832, and the present name bestowed upon the place. In 1835, Robert Chamberlain platted an addition north of the original survey, on which the greater part of the village has been built. The first building was put up in 1828 by William Grate, and is yet standing, being the home of L. A. Paxson. It is a log structure, and has never been weather-boarded. In it were sold the first goods in the place, by Edward Allender, some time before 1831. In this locality William Paxson opened the second store in 1832, A. Craig soon after engaged in trade, and in a few years Robert Chamberlain commenced merchandising, continuing many years. The trade thus established has been carried on to this day, the present firm being Chamberlain & Co. Its sales are said to aggregate more than $100,000 per year. Among others who were actively engaged in trade, but have retired, may be named John Crum, J. T. Brewster, and B. Young. Young & Co., an old firm, are still in trade. A. Higley opened a drug-store in the village about 1860, the first in this branch of trade. The village has at present about twenty places of business, representing the different interests of trade. George Fought had the first public-house in the place, in the building occupying the corner opposite Paxson's shoe-shop, some time about 1830. The second tavern was kept near by, the landlord being J. C. Taggart. His successor was George Crum. About the same time R. Barr and J. Hall opened inns, making three in the place, and even then the accommodations were insufficient to entertain all who applied. The latter had the corner now occupied by John R. Book. Other landlords were James Hartman, J. Anderson, Obadiah Allison, William Patterson, and Robert Ramsay. The village has at present half a dozen public-houses. The post-office was established about 1836, with Robert Chamberlain postmaster, who kept it in Paxson's store. The mail was carried on horseback from Unity. The office has also been held by A. Craig, Joseph Young, Hannah Hamilton, Enos Goble, W. C. Chamberlain, and is at present in charge of Henry Sutherin. Since 1878 it has been a postal money-order office. The first settlers of the village relied on the services, in case of sickness, of a Dr. Edmundson, living several miles away. Dr. Robert Chamberlain was the first physician to locate in the village. Soon after, Dr. T. C. Miller and Dr. Abraham Sheets became practitioners, the latter continuing many years. Others who have here followed the healing art have been Drs. J. A. Sampsell, D. R. Lyon, — Poppenaugh, — Eichert. Drs. Haas, Wallace, and McDonald are the present physicians. The present attorney, S. II. Vanwal, is the only one who / has located permanently in the village. The power of Lesslie's Run, formerly a much larger stream than at present, was improved, before 1835, to operate saw-mills for Thomas McCalla, George Allender, and James R. Hamilton, grist-mills for Hamilton, John Crum, and William, Paxson, and distilleries for Crum and Hamilton. The most important manufacturing interest at the village was organized some time about 1854 by a party from Philadelphia to extract oil from the cannel-coal mined in this vicinity. The furnace was superintended by Loyal Case, and the enterprise was deemed successful until the discovery of petroleum made its longer continuance unprofitable. The East Palestine grist-mill was built, in 1864, by Failor Bros. & Co., 40 by 40, three stories high, with a room attached containing a twenty-eight horse-power engine. It has three runs of stones. Lewis Failor is the present proprietor. The Mineral Valley Mills were erected, in 1873, by Goble, Hum & Co. The building is a frame, 36 by 80 feet, two and a half stories high, and is supplied with modern machinery, operated by an engine of sixty-horse power. The present owners are Goble, Throne & Co. In the western part of the village is a steam saw-mill operated by Benjamin Seusenbacher. The carriage-shops of Jacob Unger, embracing three large buildings, were established in 1874, and give employment to seven men. Hiram Wherry's carriage-works were established about the same time. They consist of several large and well-appointed buildings. The publication of the Valley Echo, a weekly four-column quarto, was begun at East Palestine, April 12, 1878, by E. J. Roberts & Co., by whom it is continued. May 8, 1879, the paper was enlarged to a seven-column folio. Municipal Government.—The propriety of securing the incorporation of the village was agitated early in 1875, but no action was taken until the fall of that year. Sept. 21, 1875, a petition, signed by seventy-eight persons and accompanied by a plat of the proposed corporation, was submitted to the commissioners of the county, who ordered it granted in December. The bounds embrace the greater part of section 26 and a little more than half of section 25, the limits being about a mile and a half from east to west, and one mile from north to south. The western boundary is irregular, and is determined by the course of the old highway. The first election of village officers was held April 3, 1876, at which nearly one hundred votes were polled and the following elected : Mayor, Enos Goble; Clerk, Daniel Correll; Treasurer, John J. Bushong ; Marshal, Henry Berrick ; Council, Charles Beyer, James Mortin, Joseph Young, T. H. Elser, John Sutherin, B. F. Sheets. In 1877, S. C. Palmer was elected to fill the vacancy in the mayor's office. David Morris, Richard Lake, and John T. Chamberlain were chosen councilmen. In 1878, Wm. M. Saint was elected Mayor ; J. W. Smith, Clerk ; John J. Bushong, Treasurer ; and James Martin, Arthur Smith, Hugh Laughlin, Councilmen. In 1809 those elected to office were : Councilmen, Charles Beyer, J. T. Chamberlain, Joseph Ward ; Street Commissioner, Thos. Sherry ; Marshal, Jas. McMillan. TOWNSHIP OF UNITY - 251 Since the village has been incorporated, its appearance has been considerably beautified, and the general welfare of the place greatly advanced. The East Palestine Union School.—On the 30th of March, 1865, the Legislature of the State constituted all of sections 25, 36, and all that part of sections 26 and 35 lying east of Lesslie's Run, a special district, with the powers and privileges usually attaching to such districts, and authorizing the selection of three persons as a board of education. This board was organized the following spring, with J. T. Chamberlain, President ; Hugh Laughlin, Secretary ; and William M. Saint, Treasurer. These gentlemen yet constitute the board, although performing different functions of office. In September, 1875, a school-building was begun on an elevated lot in the southern part of the village, and completed the succeeding season. It is a handsome brick structure, 68 by 84 feet, two stories high, and is surmounted by an attractive tower containing a finely-toned bell. It contains six spacious recitation-rooms, and a lecture-hall ;those dimensions are 33 by 80 feet. The building is handsomely furnished throughout, at a cost of $14,000. It was opened for school purposes in the fall of 1876, under the principalship of A. Y. Taylor, who yet remains in charge, assisted by four teachers. The school has primary, intermediate, grammar, and high-school departments, thoroughly graded, and is attended by 250 pupils. The cost of maintaining the school is $2000 per year. In most of the other districts of the township good schools are maintained, but we have been unable to gather any reliable statistics concerning their present status. In 1423 there were three districts, and in 1826 six. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. It is stated, on the authority of some of the old citizens of the township, that religious meetings were held as early as the latter part of 1802 at the house of Adam Rupert ; that Rev. John Stough was the preacher ; and that, acting on the suggestion of Mr. Stough, the people of the northern part of the township, united to build what has since been known as THE SALEM, OR UNION CHURCH, to be used by the Lutheran and Reformed congregations then existing or about to be formed. Accordingly, in 1803 or 1804, a log meeting-house was built on the southwest corner of what was known as the Forney section, No. 10. This house was about 30 feet square, and was very plainly furnished. It was displaced in 1823 by a two-story brick church, built after the fashion of that day, with a high pulpit, gallery, etc., and had a very large capacity. In 1861 it was taken down, and a part of the material used in building the present house, which has accommodations for three hundred persons, and is under the joint control of the societies below named. The Salem Lutheran Congregation had, besides the Rupert family, already named, among its original members, persons belonging to the Forney, Myers, Mollenkopf, and Metz families. It enjoyed the labors of Rev. J. Stough, probably, part of the time as pastor, until after the first brick church was built, when a Rev. Shaefer became pastor. Since that time the principal clergy have been the Revs. Hoffman, Haelsche, Ellinger, Schlutterman, Siegler, Nouffer, Kramer, Schillinger, and Humberger. This congregation is one of four served by Mr. Humberger, who became the pastor in 1876. Owing to the formation of other churches, the membership is not very large at present. Its Consistory is composed of George Mollenkopf, Benjamin Lentz, Jonathan Rukenbrod, and Levi Meckley. Other members of the Consistory have been John Sheets, John G. Miller, Adam Rupert, Jacob Rupert, John May, Conrad Yarrian, George Kale, Louis Wernwag, John Kale, Gottlieb Kucehler, George Yarrian, G. Wilhelm, Moses Sitler, and Jacob Beight. The Salem Reformed Congregation was formed at a somewhat later period than the foregoing, but the exact date cannot be determined. Rev. Peter Mahnnesmith was the first pastor, serving the congregation in connection with other appointments in the surrounding townships. His successors in the pastoral office have been Revs. Henry Sonnendecker, J. F. Englebach, F. Wahl, James Reinhard, and John Nei le. A few others served as supplies. Since 1870, Rev. John Meckley has been the pastor, filling that position for the congregation of Springfield also. The present members of the Consistory are Daniel Metz, John Mollenkopf, William Metz, and Omer Rouch. Among former members of the Consistory may be named Solomon Rouch, Daniel Heek, Jacob Buheeker, Jacob Unger, Andrew Forney, Daniel Rouch, Benjamin Unger, John Heek, Jose Wetzell, David Peters, Samuel Rupert, and Peter Miller. ST. PAUL'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH. During the pastorate of the Rev. Jacob Haelsche a disaffection occurred in the Salem congregation, which caused the withdrawal of about sixty persons, and the formation, in 1839, of the above church. It was determined to build a church on section 2, on a lot purchased from George Kale, and among those foremost in promoting this object were Jacob Hoffman, Martin Koch, Gottlieb Baumgardner, Frederick Wagner, Christian Faas, Israel Schiller, John Wagner, Christian Eli, John Greiner, and Jacob Sensenbaugh. It is an attractive frame, and was placed in good repair in 1873. Rev. Haelsche became the pastor of the church, and continued with it about four years. He was followed by Rev. Henry Miller, for about the same length of time. The next pastor was the Rev. Wm. Sigelin, during whose connection the interests of the Lutheran churches were united, and St. Paul's became a part of the old parish. This arrangement is yet continued, and from that period this church and the Salem congregation have had the same pastors, viz. : Revs. Schlotterman, Nouffer, Kramer, Schillinger, and Humberger. Formerly the services were wholly in German, but since Rev. Kramer's connection they have been in English about half the time. The congregation has about 180 communicants, and the following Consistory : William Wernwag, William Greiner, Eli Harman, Tobias Beight, John Heinle, and Benjamin Hoffmaister. Other prominent members of the Council have been David Mollenkopf, Martin Fetter, John Hoff- 252 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. maister, Lewis Failor, Philip Lipp, John Wagner, Jacob Sensenbaugh, and Bernhart Sanders. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF UNITY. Some time about 1830 a Rev. Prosser began holding Methodist meetings at the house of Joseph Taylor, and soon afterwards, a class of members having been formed, regular preaching was maintained in the school-house. This embraced among others Joseph Taylor, Jehu Stough, Melchor Mellinger, Elias Eyster, and William Lewis. A small meeting-house was built soon after at the village of Unity for the use of the society, which flourished for a time, then became so much weakened by removals and other causes that the Conference suspended the appointment. A few members remained in the place, and, about 1860, the Rev. D. Hess, who preached to them at that time, was induced to hold a series of meetings, which resulted in so many conversions and accessions that the place again became a regular appointment. ,So encouraging was the future that a meeting-house was built nearly opposite the site occupied \by the old house. This church passed under the control of a society, which received corporate powers from the State, Nov. 12, 1862, and had the following trustees : Charles Shook, Levi Forney, Samuel Earley, Perry Zeigler, and Benjamin Forney. The church at present numbers about fifty members, who are under the pastoral direction of the Rev. 0. W. Holmes, also in charge of the East Palestine church. Among others who preached here are remembered the Revs. Wharton, Roller, Bray, Blackburn, Moore, Hess, Houston, Kinnear, Borbidge, Ingram, Castle, Ruyter, Hamilton, and Cunningham. The church maintains a Sunday-school having 75 members, of which Charles Shook is superintendent. THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF PLEASANT VALLEY, AT NEW WATERFORD. About 1816 a Sun ay-school was organized in the schoolhouse where New Waterford now is by Richard Dildine and John Roos, who were requested, one Sabbath, by several strangers passing by, to announce a religious meeting to be held at a certain date, when they would return and preach to them. So anxious were the people to hear the word proclaimed that, at the appointed time, many were assembled to listen to the strangers, who proved to be missionaries, named Kohr and Rudibaugh, laboring in the interests of the Presbyterian Church. Other meetings followed, and, not long after, Rev. Thomas Hughes, of Mt. Pleasant, Pa., was engaged to preach to the settlers of this part of the township, the meetings being still held in the school-house. As it now appeared possible to form a society, a small brick meeting-house was begun in 1823, but was used in an unfinished condition several years. In the spring of 1824, Rev. Robert Dilworth began preaching in this house, using the carpenter's work-bench for a pulpit. The trustees at this time were Richard Dildine, John Roos, and John Heinman, but the formal organization of the church does not appear to have followed until a few years later. Rev. Dilworth continued preaching at stated times, and on the 20th of August, 1826, Andrew Martin, Robert Martin, David Scott, and David Hanna were ordained the first ruling elders. Since that period the elders have been Robert Leonard, Samson Dilworth, Abraham Scott, Nicholas Eckes, Jehu Dildine, Robert Jenkinson, John C. Dilworth, Samuel Silliman, Joseph Martin, Peter Smith, and Oliver Phillips. The labors of Mr. Dilworth were enjoyed by the church until 1850, when he was succeeded by the Bev. John B. Miller, who was the minister until 1867. Then the pulpit was supplied several years by the Rev. James S. Park, who was followed, in 1871, by the Rev. Wm. C. Smith as pastor for two years. His successor was the Rev. R. S. Morton, who served eighteen months. Since the fall of 1874 the church has been supplied by the Rev. D. H. Laverty, and a membership of 94 is reported. In 1873 the present neat church-edifice was erected by a building committee/composed of Richard Dildine, Homer Earley, Oliver Taylor, Isaac Heck, and Robert Kieffer. It is a brick house, and will seat 225 persons. The present trustees are John Rupert, Oliver Rupert, Richard Dildine, and Enoch Rupert. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF NEW WATERFORD was organized May 16, 185S, in Joseph Taylor's barn, by the Rev. G. D. Kinnear. Twenty persons associated themselves as members, and W. B. Campbell was chosen class-leader. The church has at present about 50 members, under the leadership of John Kane and John M. Rudibaugh. In March, 1859, a plain frame meeting-house was dedicated as a place of worship for the society by the presiding elder of the district, Rev. D. P. Mitchell, and placed in charge of the following trustees : Joseph Taylor, John Baker, John King, W. B. Campbell, and T. S. McCalla. Rev. Kinnear was followed in the pastoral office by the Revs. D. Hess, L. Keagle, John McCarty, A. J. Rich, James Borbidge, John J. Jackson, J. J. Hayes, J. Z. Moore, W. Darby, Thomas Hodgson, A. E. Ward, and C. H. Edwards. Rev. W. B. Campbell is a local preacher. A Sunday-school was organized soon after the formation of' the church, and had James P. Silliman for superintendent. This school at present has more than 100 members, under the superintendence of J. M. Rudibaugh. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF EAST PALESTINE. Methodism was introduced into this locality by the members of the old Burt church; in Middleton township, and in 1865 occasional meetings were held in the United Presbyterian church at East Palestine. In a few years the interests of the Burt church were transferred to the village, and the present society formed. A board of trustees was chosen, having as members Isaac Eaton, Mark Burt, Michael Shaefer, John Curry, William M. Saint, John Sutherin, and William Meek, and a commodions frame meetinghouse built at East Palestine, which is yet the home of the society. The church has 180 members, under the pastoral care of TOWNSHIP OF UNITY - 253 the Rev. O. W. Holmes. Other pastors have been Revs. Houston, Moore, Jackson, G ogley, Kessler, and Ingram. A flourishing Sunday-school is maintained, and has Mark Burt for superintendent. THE UNITED BRETHREN IN CHRIST OF EAST PALESTINE. A class of this faith was formed in the southeast part of the township, about 1855, by the Rev. George Fast, which had among its members persons belonging to the Paxson, Low, Piper, Hartsough, Leonard, and other families. In 1857 a small, frame church was built west of the village, on a lot given for this purpose by Thomas McCalla. This was used until the summer of 1879, when a new house, erected in the village, on the lot of L. A. Paxson, was occupied. It is a plain frame, 30 by 40 feet, and was built by a committee composed of L. A. Paxson, Charles Hall, Samuel Eaton, William Alcorn, Jacob Todd, George Renshaw, and Robert Patton. The church has 50 members, and is connected with other appointments in Middleton and Fairfield in forming a circuit. The church is at present in charge of F. P. Sanders. Among the clergy who were on this circuit since the church was formed were Revs. Fast, Crayton, Waldorf, Turner, Bonewell, Traver, Dilley, Booth, Bowers, Perkins, Slusser, Deihl, Randall, Lower, Faulk, Law, Begley, and Singer. Joseph Paxson is a local preacher, and L. A. Paxson is superintendent of the Sunday-school. THE OLD SCHOOL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH OF EAST PALESTINE. In September, 1841, a number of persons residing in this locality petitioned he Presbytery of New Lisbon, at its session with the Clarkson congregation, to organize a church in their village The Presbytery appointed the Rev. William Stratton for this purpose, and on the 5th of March, 1842, members of the Hamilton, Curry, Martin, McKean, Hassan, and other families, to the number of 20, were associated in church fellowship, and Joseph Curry, Ralph/ Martin, Robert J. Robinson, and Thomas Hamilton ordained as ruling elders. For many years the Presbytery supplied the congregation with preaching, the ministers being Revs. James Robertson, Thomas McDermott, and A. S. Billingsley. The church has also had as pastors Revs. Martin, Smith, and Gilmore. Since 1873 the Rev. D. H. Laverty has been the stated supply. The congregation numbers 102 members, and has as ruling elders James Smart, B. D. Sheets, C. W. Hamilton, and Seth Meek. The Sabbath-school has Hugh Frasier for superintendent. The meeting-house was erected about the time the church was organized, and placed in its present condition in 1875. In 1867 the church became a corporate body and organized a board of trustees, having J. R. Hamilton, President; Joseph Young, Secretary ; James Buies, Treasurer ; and Adam Palmer, J. W. Fronk, and T. S. Hamilton associate members. The present trustees are Enos Goble, Charles Beyer, James Boies, Joseph Young, J. W. Fronk, and T. S. Hamilton. THE EAST PALESTINE UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. In August, 1842, the Rev. Thomas L. Spear organized an Associate Reformed Presbyterian congregation at this place, under the auspices of the Monongahela Presbytery of Pennsylvania, which had as Members John Taggart, David Luke, Robert McFilamy, the Johnson family, Maria Vance, Benjamin and Elizabeth Blackburn,—nine in all. Benjamin Blackburn and John Taggart were the first ruling elders. This office has also been held by John Wallace, James Nevin, Sr., James Smiley, Clement V. Souder, Samuel Wilson, Thomas H. Davidson, Abraham S. Nevin, Robert Taggart, Joseph Britton, David W. Hartshorn, W. C. Chamberlain, and James Nevin. The four last named are the present elders. The meetings were held in the old Presbyterian church until 1853, when the present edifice was erected. It has since been improved and beautified to render it very attractive and comfortable. Since 1858 the congregation has been known by its present title, in consequence of the union of the different Presbyterian interests; it has about 70 members. In May, 1849, the Rev. Samuel Patterson became the pastor for one-third of his tithe, and continued until 1858 ; in 1862 the Rev. Hugh Sturgeon became pastor, and gave half his time to this congregation. He resigned in 1866. The next pastorate was begun March 1, 1867, by Rev. A. Y. Houston, who gave two-thirds of his time, and served until April, 1872. After a few years of vacancy, the Rev. W. W. Curry became pastor, and gave the congregation all his time from Jan. 1, 1875, and remained until April, 1879. The pulpit is at present vacant. The congregation supports a well-organized Sunday-school having 120 members, of which W. C. Chamberlain is superintendent. There is also a Ladies' Missionary Society, whose efforts have been a great blessing to various charitable objects, which receive from its treasury about $100 per year. The trustees of the church are R. C. Taggart, W. C. Chamberlain, and Robert Young. EAST PALESTINE COAL INTERESTS. Before 1840 small quantities of coal were taken out from the side-hills in the neighborhood of East Palestine, by farmers and others for home use. In succeeding years mining was carried on to a greater extent, but no organized effort was made to develop the mineral wealth of this locality until about 1860, when a New York company secnred an interest in the coal-lands of section 35, known as Carbon Hill. A vein was opened and a railway built from the main line of the Fort Wayne road, when they disposed of their interests to Tucker, Brown & Co., who made further developments and commenced shipping coal. In 1865 the property passed into the hands of the " Carbon Hill Coal Company," of Chicago, who placed their interests in charge of James Mullins. Hugh Laughlin was employed as superintendent, and under his direction work was actively carried on, from 70 to 90 miners being employed. In 1871 the company abandoned this mine, the supply being too small to render it longer profitable. Soon after was formed THE PROSPECT HILL COAL COMPANY, having among its members Enoch Lawton, James Sutherin, and Andrew Burnett, to develop the mineral on the west 254 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. part of section 36. A railroad track, one mile in length, was laid to join the main line at the village, to which loaded cars are conveyed by gravitation. The main entry to the mine was driven from the north, and follows the upper vein a distance of seven hundred yards. At present four side drifts, each several hundred yards in length, are employed. The vein is from two an4 one-half to three feet in thickness, and the coal is highly esteemed for its qualities as fuel. Vein No. 4 has also been opened, but has not been much worked. About 60 tons per day are mined and shipped to Cleveland. Forty persons are employed in the mines and shops of the company, and only one fatality has been connected with the operations here. On the 18th of April, 1879, Enoch Lawton, one of the proprietors, was overcome by the impure atmosphere in a little-used part of the mine, and 'before he was found death had ensued. The mine is at present operated by James Sutherin as lessee, the other proprietors having no active interest in the work. THE STATE LINE COAL COMPANY. In January, 1874, a company with this name, composed of C. B. Herron, J. W. 'Chalfin, and James Mullins, was organized to operate the coal-land on the eastern part of sections 25 and 36. Hugh Laughlin was appointed superintendent, and yet fills that position. He at once secured a large force of workmen, and before the end of the year had built 3000 feet of railway-track from the main road, near the State, line, leading to the principal entry of the mine, which had been extended about eight hundred yards. The coal was found to be super' for generating steam, and was soon in active demand—and as since been largely used by the railroads of this part of the State. It is found in veins nearly four feet in thickness, and is mined with ease and safety. No accidents fatal to life have thus far occurred, and but one or two persons have been injured. The operations of the company have been chiefly confined to the coal found in Vein No. 4. The business has been gradually extended, until at present about 400 men are employed, requiring a monthly payment of $10,000. An average of 50 cars per day are loaded and shipped to the various railroad centres. The main entry has been extended a mile, and 17 cross-entries are in use, some of them being nearly a mile in length. The coal is drawn to the surface by means of steam-power, operating an endless steel-wire rope a mile long, by means of which 32 loaded cars can be moved at the same time, and, in turn, be transferred to the outside track without stopping the machine. This ingenious arrangement was devised and constructed by Messrs. Mullins & Laughlin, and has attracted great attention from its simplicity and perfect operation. The company has also patented a machine for washing the slack of the mines, thereby effecting a great saving of coal and labor. The superintendent has a very neat and well-appointed office at the village, distant from the mines one mile. Northwest from the village small coal-mines are operated by Joseph Davis, Samuel Wilhelm, and Firm, Clark & Co. In the southwest part of Unity coal has been mined on the farm of Wm. C. Baker and others. At East Palestine excellent potter's clay has been found, and a company is about being formed to establish a pottery to manufacture Rockingham-ware. CIVIC AND MILITARY ORDERS. The township has had but a few societies that retained a noteworthy existence. EAST PALESTINE LODGE, NO. 417, F. AND A. M., was chartered Oct. 21, 1868, with the following members : George Lamb, Joseph Young, B. F. Sheets, John F. Stacy, S. N. Eaton, Martin Koch, Hugh Laughlin, B. D. Sheets, Seth Meek, James J. Sheets, Ferdinand Oberlander, Isaac Cress, James Fitzsimmons, Charles Shook, Stephen Palmer, Hugh Garrett., John Tritt, and Ed. P. Young. The three first named held the principal offices, and had filled the same positions under a warrant granting a dispensation to form a Lodge. The Lodge had, April, 1879, 35 members and the following officers : T. H. Elser, W. M. ; George B. Alaback, S. W. ; J. F. Stacy, J. W. ; W. T. Hamilton, Sec. ; B. F. Sheets, Treas.; Seth Meek, S. D. ; H. J. Fraiser, J. D. ; Thomas R. Davis, Tyler. THE EAST PALESTINE GRAYS. This military body was organized as an independent company, Aug. 23, 1875. It received its name from the style of uniform adopted, which was at first a handsome gray, but the company being a part of the State militia the prescribed uniform of army-blue is worn. In 1876 the Grays were mustered as Company E, 10th Regt. Ohio National Guards, and were regarded by that title by the State authorities until about January, 1879, when the regiment was relettered, and the Palestine company became Company D, although it is yet locally known by its original name. The State has provided arms for the company and a limited number of uniforms. An armory and drill-hall has been furnished at East Palestine by the village and township of Unity, each bearing a proportion of the expense according to the relative number enlisted from the village or the township. The company is subject to the orders of the military department of the State, but may at any time be called to serve as a special police force by the mayor of the village without the intervention of outside authority. The officers at the organization of the company were Hugh Laughlin, Captain, promoted Lieutenant-Colonel of regiment ; J. A. Sampsell, First Lieutenant, promoted Major of regiment ; John Flowers, Second Lieutenant, promoted Captain of company. The present (1879) organization of the company is as follows : Captain, W. T. Hamilton ; First Lieutenant, Bartlett Early; Second Lieutenant, J. M. Frankhouser ; First Sergeant, A. A. Bushong ; Second Sergeant, Martin Sutherin ; Third Sergeant, George H. Miller ; Fourth Sergeant, Morris Alaback ; Fifth Sergeant, Edward E. Kelley ; First Corporal, Caleb Garrett ; Second Corporal, Adam Elge ; Third Corporal, Samuel Meek ; Fourth Corporal, Heman Reed ; Fifth Corporal, A. B. Correll ; Sixth Corporal, W. W. Young ; Seventh Corporal, Henry W. Horne ; Eighth Corporal, Samuel M. Hoon ; Fife-Major, Wilson Ritchie ; TOWNSHIP OF UNITY - 255 Drummers, Edward Ritchie, George Ritchie, George Flowers; Color-Bearer, James Slack ; Wagon-Master, Levi Neville ; Privates, Moore R. Alaback, George B. Alaback, James Andre, R. A. Baker, W. H. Bowes, Eli Clubber, Frank Crowl, John Cannell, Lincoln Early, Henry C. Elge, John Flowers, David Forney, Emmet Gorby, Harry Gannon, James Garrett, William Johnson, Richard Lake, William Lyon, William Meek, Samuel McNees, John McGowan, W. W. McNees, Eugene May, Thomas Nichols, Robert Officer, B. F. Rupert, John Rafferty, Albert Shaffer, Peter Shuster, C. M. Torrance, James A. Teegarden, R. F. Vogan, James W. Walker, N. A. Williams, Joseph Young, W. W. Young. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. HON. JAMES MARTIN. The gentleman whose name heads this brief notice, and who is essentially a self-made man, was born Nov. 24, 1808, in Unity township, Columbiana Co., Ohio. His father, Andrew Martin, emigrated to this county from Pennsylvania, about the year 1801. His mother, whose maiden name was Elizabeth Ammon, came to Columbiana with her parents from Virginia, about the same date. Andrew Martin was married in 1804, had a family of nine children, and followed agricultural pursuits. James Martin was educated in the rude school-house of pioneer times, and spent his minority chiefly upon his father's farm. At the age of twenty-one years he commenced teaching school, which he continued for some time successfully, meanwhile reading both law and medicine, besides giving attention to farming and sheep husbandry. May 1, 1848, he married Miss Harriet McCalla, of East Palestine, Ohio, who died in less than a year after her marriage. For his second wife he married, Nov. 9, 1858, Miss Louisa C. Foulks, of Beaver Co., Pa. They have one child, a daughter, named Kittie Lou. Politically, Mr. Martin is a Republican, and has long been identified with that party in this county ; as its representative he has been honored with several positions of honor and trust. In 1854 he was elected probate judge of Columbiana County, and re-elected in 1857, serving six years, during which time he never had a case reversed. He was subsequently (1866) elected to the State Legislature from his native county. He is now (1879) living in retirement upon his farm, within the corporate limits of East Palestine, in this county. CHARLES LONG. Charles Long, Sr., settled in what is now Unity township in 1803, emigrating from Rockbridge Co., Va. Therefore the history of the Long family may be said to have com- ISRAEL LONG. menced with that of Columbiana County, for it was the year the county was organized and christened. This occurred when the subject of our sketch, Charles Long, Jr., was but five years of age. His father settled here, and took up a section of land, upon a portion of which Charles, Jr., still resides. Charles, the senior, was a man of strong physical powers, as is evinced by the remarkable age to which he lived, for most of his life enduring the hardships incident to that of early settlers, and dying at the age of ninety-three. Mr. Long, Jr., has raised a family of seven children, and, what is remarkable in a family of that number, all are still living. He has been very successful in his chosen pursuit agriculture, —accumulating considerable property, which he now (though eighty-one years of age, and hale and hearty) lives to enjoy. Politically, Mr. Long has always been and remains a Democrat, though office and political honors have been shunned rather than sought by him. WASHINGTON. WASHINGTON, numbered 12 in the list of townships, and occupying range 3, lies on the southern border of Columbiana, and is bounded north by the townships of Franklin and Wayne ; south, by the Jefferson County line ; east, by Yellow Creek township ; and west, by Carroll County and Franklin township. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railway passes through the township diagonally from the southeast to the northwest, and has at Salineville a station, where all trains halt. A short track, of about two miles in length, owned by the Salineville Railroad Company, extends west from Salineville to the Carroll County line, and is used exclusively for the transportation of coal from the mines along its line. Big Yellow Creek, receiving at Salineville the waters of two of its forks, flows southeast through the township, along the line of the railway. Once a water-course of some power, it has dwindled, within the township limits, to an insignificant stream. Washington occupies a hilly and healthful region, and, like the adjoining country, is noted as a place where sickness is rare, and where extreme longevity is a common thing, while those who reach a ripe old age retain in a remarkable degree a vigorous exercise of the faculties. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Washington township received its first settlers JS early as 1803, and not long after that date the announcement of the discovery of salt on Yellow Creek brought the salt-boilers into the township in considerable force. William McLaughlin, with his wife and eight children, sailed from Greenock, Scotland, in 1807, in the ship "George Yorke," Capt. Taylor, of Greenock, and after a speedy passage of twenty-eight days landed at New York. Thence he passed to Philadelphia, and crossing the Alleghenies to Pittsburgh, floated down the Ohio, and in due season reached his place of destination, which was the territory now occupied by Washington township. Here, upon section 6, where J. W. Anderson now lives, he settled and began a pioneer's work. Alexander, the fifth son of William McLaughlin, and the only living member of that pioneer band, resides in Wellsville, Ohio. Although in his ninety-first year, he is quite active and in the enjoyment of excellent health. Indeed, he says he has never known sickness, and states that his father and mother—although the first lived to be eighty-eight, and the latter eighty-five—were never ill twenty-four hours at a time. Mr. A. C. McLaughlin relates that when he settled in Washington he was then a young man of nineteen, and vividly recalls his experiences and observations of that early time. There were several settlers there, and touching them he speaks as follows: George Clark, a settler on section 4, where Perry J. Clark now lives, came in from Pennsylvania, and located in the township in 1803. Clark was the father of seven children, a worthy, industrious citizen, and, being the first person in the township chosen as justice of the peace, became a man of mark, and filled the office many years. One Fishel, an Italian, was a settler in 1804, and built the first grist-mill in the township, at the place now known as Clark's Mills. It was a poor apology for a mill, where flour was sifted through a bit of cloth tacked upon a small box-frame, but it served a useful purpose, nevertheless, and was probably well patronized. Fishel was a carpenter as ll as miller, raised a large family, and lived upon the place until his death. James Sharp, from Pennsylvania, located in 1803 upon section 35, where James Sharp, one of his descendants, now lives. .George, Isaiah, and Silas Burson were among the earliest settlers, and after a time became extensive salt-boilers on Yellow Creek. Silas occupied a farm which he afterwards sold to John McIntosh, from Scotland. whose widow now lives on the place. Isaiah, who owned a farm near Silas, had been a Quaker, but blossomed into a Disciple preacher, and went about among the people enunciating the principles of that faith with much vigor. George was likewise a Disciple preacher, and like Isaiah was popular. They attracted many people to hear their discourses, but their hearers, it is said, were drawn thither chiefly through curiosity. Cornelius McLeest came over from Ireland and located in 1804, north of William McLaughlin. William Draghorn, from Scotland, settled upon section 12, northwest quarter. His brother-in-law, Robert McAuley, settled upon the place in 1810, and, being killed at a barn-raising, his place was taken up by Draghorn. McAuley's brother met also with a violent death while in search of an eagle's nest upon one of Scotland's high cliffs, whence he was dashed to pieces. William Draghorn's son John sold the old farm, and removed westward some years ago. It is related of George Clark that upon a visit to New Lisbon he was to ask at the post-office for letters for William Draghorn. He thought the name was a poor one, and, thus reflecting upon it, determined that he was ashamed to ask for Draghorn's letters. While at the post-office, however, probably discussing the matter with himself, he heard a German ask for a letter for " Mr. Ruter." " Hello!" cried Clark ; " that's a worse name than Draghorn, and so I'll not be further ashamed to ask for Draghorn's letters." Alexander McLaughlin located in 1812 upon section 5 where Theophilus Cox now lives. Daniel Swearingen entered the tract, and from him McLaughlin purchased it. - 256 - TOWNSHIP OF WASHINGTON - 257 John Farmer, a member of the Society of Friends, and an early settler in Hanover township, moved into Washington about 1814, and took up at Salineville the salt interests previously owned by the Bursons. Mr. Farmer became one of the most prominent men, in Washington township, as did after him his son James, now one of Cleveland's capitalists, and largely interested in coal-mining at Salineville as well as in railway and mining interests elsewhere. James Farmer built at Salineville, in 138, the first gristmill of any consequence in Washingt The mill is now owned by J. G. Lacock & Co. A few Quakers located at and ear Salineville shortly after the days of early sett ement, a d about the time John Farmer located there. The a few years afterwards numerous enough to organize a eligious society, whose members worshiped in a church built by John and James Farmer, and now owned by the Disciple congregation. Shortly previous to 1852 the society began to lose strength by removals, and in that year very few Quakers were living in the township. Thomas and Martin Adams, of Pennsylvania, settled about 1804 in that part of Washington afterwards set off to Jefferson County. Martin was a justice of the peace and a whisky-distiller in a small way. Moses Marshall, Martin Adams' brother-in-law, came in from Pennsylvania, and located near the latter. Abraham Croxton Was a settler in that neighborhood and laid out a village, called Monroeville (now in Jefferson County) in honor of President Monroe, of whom Croxton was a great admirer. Croxton was a farmer and storekeeper, and at Monroeville kept the first store known in those parts. After him, the store was kept by Daniel McArthur, related to Governor McArthur, of Ohio. John Moore, of Pennsylvania, was a settler on the west side of the township, and was a famous justice of the peace. George James, from Tennessee, was one of the first settlers at Salineville. He was noted particularly for his hatred of Gen. Jackson, whose sister he desired to marry. Jackson did not like him, and prevented the marriage, whereupon James vowed eternal enmity to Jackson, became `a salt boiler, and died a bachelor. James and John Ogle, from North Carolina, were blacksmiths, and settled near the centre of the township. Between them they had eight stalwart sons, all of whom were blacksmiths. Horse-thieves made their unwelcome presence felt in those early days, and much trouble they caused. Thomas Baker, an early settler, who came in from Pennsylvania, was deprived, by thieves, of his horse, and, keeping up a fruitless search for the animal all through one summer, not only failed to find the horse, but lost his crops, not being at home to care for them. George, Alexander, Hugh, and Samuel Clark, from Pennsylvania, were early settlers upon the east side of the township. Samuel was very fond of an occasional drink of bitters, and being told on day at a store, when well charged with fire-water, that he could not have any more drinks, excitedly exclaimed, as he danced like a wild man, " By Heavens, I'll have it, if it cost a dollar a bushel !" Samuel was, however, a good citizen, and a good blacksmith to boot. 33 George Clark undertook, for $60, to " blaze" a road from Yellow Creek to New Lisbon,—a distance of fifteen miles. This was a part of the State road from Steubenville to New Lisbon, but it was not wisely selected, and very little of the route is now used for a public highway. Thomas Patterson located in the north, and John Hart, a "Yankee," on the east. Hart raised a family of fourteen children, of whom seven sons served in the Rebellion of 1861, and passed through the war without receiving as much as a scratch. James Hoey is said to have kept, at Salineville, one of the first taverns, if not the first tavern, in the township. James Sharp intended at one time to lay out a town upon his property, and talked of starting the town with a first-class tavern. Sharp, like many others about that time, had the " town fever" in an aggravated form, but the fever abated as fast almost as it rose, and Sharp's town, as well as his tavern, never assumed material form. In the western end of the Scotch settlement, Angus McDonald, Angus Noble, Evan McPherson, and other Scotchmen were early settlers. Hugh Baes, of Pennsylvania, was a settler in the eastern portion of the township. Upon the outbreak of the war of 1812, a number of the citizens of Washington went to New Lisbon and offered to enter the army if arms were provided for them. The arms were not forthcoming, and they went home again. Recurring to Angus McDonald, above mentioned, it may be observed that he owned the property upon which Highlandtown is now located, and himself laid out that village. As one of the features of the days of early settlement in not only Washington, but many of the Columbiana townships, it will do to observe that the supply of rye whisky for each family household was as scrupulously looked after as the supply of bread, and, according to tradition, the early settlers would as soon have thought of doing without one as the other. Evan McPherson, already alluded to, came over from Scotland in the ship Frances," of New Orleans, in 1812, with his wife and six children, and located upon the northwest quarter of section 6. Finding, after a time, that he wonld not be able to pay for the whole of it, he disposed of half of it to Angus McDonald. Upon that portion Malcolm Cameron now lives, and upon the portion retained by Evan McPherson his son, Richard McPherson, resides. In the same ship with Evan McPherson, Alex. Dallas and David Rose came over from Scotland. They stopped some time, however, at New York, but settled eventually in Washington,—Dallas where William Garside now lives, and Rose upon the Rose place, at Highlandtown. ORGANIZATION. Washington was organized in 1816 as Saline township, and, upon the erection of Carroll County in 1832, a portion of Saline township being set off to that county and the name retained there, that portion remaining in Columbiana was renamed and called Washington in 1833, when, on the 3d of June, the county commissioners remodeled the township of Wayne and fractional townships of Franklin and Saline. To the latter, altered to Washington township, additions were made of sections 32, 33, 34, 35, and 36, 258 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. from Wayne township. The first township election after the reorganization was held at the residence of Squire Gilson. The obtainable list of officers who have served the township dates from 1837, as follows : 1837.—Trustees, Daniel D. McIntosh, Thomas Ward, Wm. Milner; Clerk, Hugh Clark ; Treasurer, Richard Gilson. 1838.—Trustees, Daniel D. McIntosh, James Hoge, George James; Clerk, Wm. Farmer; Treasurer, Richard Gilson. 1839.—Trustees, Alanson Clark, James Hoge, James McLaughlin ; Clerk, Hugh Clark ; Treasurer, Richard Gilson. 1840.—Trustees, D. D. McIntosh, Joseph Williams, William Milner ; Clerk, John Sharp ; Treasurer, Richard Gilson. 1841.—Trustees, D. D. McIntosh, John Thompson, Henry Paul; Clerk, Peter Dallas ; Treasurer, Samuel Paisley. 1842.—Trustees, James Sharp, Wm. Milner, Stephen Clark; Clerk, Peter Dallas ; Treasurer, James Farmer. 1843.—Trustees, Wm. Milner, Stephen Clark, George Farmer ; Clerk, Peter Dallas; Treasurer, James Sharp. 1844.—Trustees, Stephen Clark, John Farmer, Alexander Boyle ; Clerk, Peter Dallas ; Treasurer, James Sharp. 1845.—Trustees, Alexander Boyle, William Sharp, John S. Hart; Clerk, Peter Dallas ; Treasurer, James Sharp. 1846.—Trustees, John S. Hart, Alexander Boyle, Thomas Creighton ; Clerk, Joseph Milner: Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1847.—Trustees, Alexander Boyle, D. D. McIntosh, John S. Hart ; Clerk, Rodney Ogle; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1848.—Trustees, D. D. McIntosh, Alexander Boyle, Alanson Clark ; Clerk, James McGonagle; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1849.—Trustees, James Spears, John Fogo, Alexander Boyle; Clerk, Joseph F. Williams ; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1850.—Trustees, John Fogo, Abner Gore, Alexander Boyle; Clerk, R. W. Milner ; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1851.—Trustees, E. B. Maple, William Garside, Richard McPherson ; Clerk, Abner Gore ; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1852.—Trustees, E. B. Maple, William Garside, William Milner ; Clerk, James McGonagle; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1853.—Trustees, E. B. Maple, William Garside, William Milner; Clerk, John Conner ; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1854.—Trustees, William Milner, William Paul, J. B. Milner ; Clerk, John Conner ; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1855.—Trustees, William Paul, William Gilson, P. G. Clark ; Clerk, William McGillivray ; Treasurer, S. Clark. 1856.—Trustees, P. G. Clark, William Gilson, Charles Morrow ; Clerk, Benjamin Johnson; Treasurer, S. Clark. 1857.—Trustees, Charles Morrow, Hiram Kellogg, William Sharp ; Clerk, Lewis Weaver; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1858.—Trustees, William Sharp, Charles Morrow, Edward Pumphrey ; Clerk, Lewis Weaver; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1859.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, Hugh McPherson, Hugh Watson; Clerk, Lewis Weaver ; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1860.—Trustees, Hugh McPherson, Hugh Watson, Thomas Coburn ; Clerk, George D. Clark; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1861.—Trustees, A. Baker, James Hoge, A. McGonagle ; Clerk, Geo. D. Clark; Treasurer, Stephen Clark. 1862.—Trustees, A. Baker, James McGonagle, James Hoge; Clerk, J. M. Bayless; Treasurer, H. McPherson. 1863.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, A. Baker, James Sharp; Clerk, H. C. Robins; Treasurer, Hugh McPherson. 1864.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, John Weaver, Isaac Potts; Clerk, James Carter ; Treasurer, H. McPherson. 1865.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, Edmond Ward, A. Baker; Clerk, John Hoey ; Treasurer, Hugh McPherson. 1866.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, Edmond Ward, A. Baker ; Clerk, John H. Gilson ; Treasurer, Hugh McPherson. 1867-68.—Trustees, James Sharp, James Bussell, Daniel Smith ; Clerk, John H. Gilson ; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1869.—Trustees, James Sharp, James Bussell, James Carter; Clerk, John H. Gilson ; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1870.—Trustees, James Sharp, James Bussell, James Carter; Clerk, William Gilson ; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1871.—Trustees, James Sharp, James Bussell, William McGillivray: Clerk, John Weaver; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1872-74.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, Isaac Kirk, Wm. McGillivray ; Clerk, John Weaver; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1875-76.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, Isaac Kirk, William McGillivray; Clerk, John Weaver; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1877.—Trustees, Edward Pumphrey, Isaac Kirk, Wm. McGillivray ; Clerk, Joseph Bell, Jr.; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1878.—Trus :es, William McGillivray, J. H. McGillivray, Edward Pumphrey ; Clerk, Jog. Bell, Jr.; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. 1879.—Tr , stees, William McGillivray, J. II. McGillivray, Edward Pumphrey ; Clerk, James Carter; Treasurer, J. G. Lacock. VILLAGES. SALINEVILLE. Salineville, a thriving, flourishing place, is the only important village in the township, and contains a population of about two thousand five hundred. It was laid out by John and James Farmer, in 1839, and incorporated in 1848, but did not begin to show much advancement in growth until 1852, when the completion of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh railroad and the subsequent development of the coal-mining interests created sources of a substantial prosperity, which has steadily impro ed since that time. When the village was first laid out, its eastern limit was at the second bridge, east of Lacock's mill, nor was there much of t 'village east of that until the completion of the railway, in 18 The discovery of salt on Yellow Creek drew settlers to Salineville, and the salt-boilers soon formed a numerous as well as a sometimes boisterous community, for salt-boilers were generally a mercurial people, and considered it one of the moral obligations of existence that it should be kept in a state of proper and lively agitation. Salineville was incorporated in 1848 ; it retained upon incorporation the name by which it was first known, and which the discovery of salt at that place gave to it. It contains but one street proper, which extends west from the railway station about two miles. The coal shipments at this point are important, and it is from the coal-mining interest that the village derives its chief business support, although there are also several manufacturing establishments in the town. Appended is a list of those who have served as village officials since 1848 : 1848.—Mayor, John Tasker ; Recorder, Geo. W. Boring; Trustees, Jas. Penrose, Isaac Kirk, Nathan Davis, John S. Desellems, Dearman Williams. 1849.—Mayor, Isaac Kirk; Recorder, Dearman Williams ; Trustees, David Johnston, Jas. Crew, Patrick Call, John S. Desellems„ Oliver Cope. 1850.—Mayor, John Beard; Recorder, Jas. Crew; Trustees, John Desellems, Jas. Penrose, David Johnston, Patrick Call, Oliver Cope. 1851.—Mayor, Isaac Kirk; Recorder, Jos. G. Lacock; Councilmen, John S. Desellems, Oliver Cope, Henry Barons, John Haldeman, Jas. Penrose. 1852.—Mayor, Benj. Johnson ; Recorder, J. G. Lacock; Councilmen, John S. Desellems, Jas. Penrose, Oliver Cope, Henry Robbins, Thos. Hale. 1853.—Mayor, Henry C. Robbins ; Recorder, Geo. W. Farmer; Councilmen, Jas. Penrose, J. S. Desellems, Oliver Cope, Thomas ' Hale, John Haldeman. 1854.—Mayor, Benj. Johnson ; Recorder, T. Jesop ; Councilmen, John Johns, J. R. Arter, J. C. Hostetter, Wm. Farmer, J. C. Bracken. TOWNSHIP OF WASHINGTON - 259 1855.—Mayor; Wm. S. Bracken ;.Recorder, J. R. Artcr; Councilmen, John S. Johns, G. W. Boring, Isaac Kirk, Oliver Cope, William Phillips. 1856.—Mayor, G. W. Boring ; Recorder, J. W. Duffield ; Councilmen, Thos. Hale, J. W. Vinacke, S. S. Robertson, Wm. Baxter, Oliver Cope. 1857.—Mayor, Jas. M. Irwin ; Recorder, S. S. Robertson ; Councilmen, Oliver Cope, Henry Nixon, Thos. Coburn, J. W. Vi- nacke, Isaac Kirk. 1858.—Mayor, Hiram Croxton ; Recorder, Ralph Thompson ; Councilmen, Oliver Cope, Jos. Walton, Benjamin Manifold, George Paisley, Wm. Bracken. 1859.—Mayor, Hiram Croxton ; Recorder, Ralph Thompson ; Councilmen, Benjamin Manifold, Isaac Kirk, J. G. Lacock, Henry Nixon, Thos. Coburn. 1860.—Mayor, G. W. Boring ; Recorder, Geo. W. Farmer ; Councilmen, George Paisley, George Milner, R. Thompson, S Bunn, J. R. Arter. 1861.—Mayor, G. W. Boring; Recorder, Wm. T. Cope; Councilmen, Edgar Pool, James Lindsay, John Thompson, W. W. Irwin, Ralph Thompson. 1862.—Mayor, Henry C. Robbins; Recorder, R. B. Foutts; Councilmen, Hiram Croxton, J. C. Baird, J. B. Milner, J. G. La-cock, J. M. Irwin. 1863.—Mayor, H. C. Robbins ; Recorder, R. B. Foutts; Councilmen, J. G. Lacock, J. B. Milner, Frank Ryers, Wm. Devinney, George Paisley. 1864.—Mayor, H. C. Robbins; Recorder, S. S. Robertson; Councilmen, George Paisley, Alex. Stitt, L. Bright, Levi Johns, J. D. Kilgore. 1865.—Mayor, H. C. Robbins ; Recorder, S. S. Robertson ; Councilmen, Geo. Paisley, Levi Johns, Leonard Bright, F. Rogers, J. D. Kilgore. 1866.—Mayor, H. C. Robbins; Recorder, S. S. Robertson ; Councilmen, James Black, Thomas Hill, J. G. Lacock, S. Bunn, L. C. Dallas. 1867.—Mayor, H. C. Robbins ; Recorder, A. Moore; Councilmen, J. G. Lacock, S. Herron, James Black, Thomas Hill, S. Bunn. 1868.—Mayor, John F. Dysart; Recorder, Abram Moore; Councilmen, S. Herron, Thomas Francis, Stephen Bunn, J. G. Lacook, George Guess. 1869.—Mayor, G. W. Boring ; Recorder, A. Moore; Councilmen, J. G. Lacock, Thomas Francis, George Guess, George Burnside, Alex. Stitt. 1870.—Mayor, G. W. Boring; Recorder, T. B. Cope ; Councilmen, J. G. Lacock, Thomas Francis, Milo Pumphrey, J. F. Dysart, I. W. Potts, John McGillivray. 1871.—Mayor, G. W. Boring; Recorder, T. B. Cope; Councilmen, J. G. Lacock, Thomas Francis, Milo Pumphrey, I. W. Potts, Arthur Thompson, James Carter. 1872.—Mayor, Joseph Caruthers ; Clerk, William A. Rhodes ; Councilmen, I. W. Potts, Arthur Thompson, James Carter, Nicholas Randolph, John Tolson, S. S. Carnahan. 1873.—Mayor, John Weaver ; Clerk, R. B. Howell; Councilmen, Nicholas Randolph, S. S. Carnahan, John Tolson, J. G. Lacock, Sampson Sharp, Robert Raffle. 1874.—Mayor, John Weaver; Clerk, R. B. Howell; Councilmen, J. G. Lacock, Sampson Sharp, Robert Raffle, John Kirk, John Maley, John Thompson. 1875.—Mayor, John Weaver ; Clerk, R. B. Howell ; Councilmen, John Kirk, John Maley, John Thompson, Robert Raffle, S. M. Sexton, Thomas Thompson. 1876.—Mayor, John Weaver ; Clerk, R. B. Howell; Councilmen, Thomas Thompson, Robert Raffle, J. J. Kirk, J. G. Lacock, John T. Dysart, W. W. Pumphrey. 1877.—Mayor, John Weaver ; Clerk, R. B. Howell; Councilmen, W. W. Pumphrey, John T. Dysart, J. G. Lacock, Alexander Stitt, John Tolson, J. J. Kirk. 1878.—Mayor, H. C. Robbins; Clerk, R. B. Howell ; Councilmen, John T. Dysart, W. W. Pumphrey, S. S. Carnahan, Alexander Stitt, J. G. Lacock, John Tolson. 1879.—Mayor, John Meridith ; Clerk, H. E. Yengst ; Councilmen, John T. Dysart, W. W. Pumphrey, S. S. Carnahan, John Tolson, George Paisley, Stephen Bunn. HIGHLANDTOWN. This small village, in the eastern part of the township, was laid out in 1834, by Angus McDonald, then owner of the tract it now occupies. Alexander Chisholm opened the first store there, and was also the first postmaster at that place, which, as a post-office, is and always has been known as Inverness. CHURCHES. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF SALINEVILLE was organized previous to 1840, but the loss of the records containing positive intelligence upon that head leaves the matter to conjecture. In that year and afterwards the Methodists of Salineville enjoyed occasional preaching in a school-house on the hill north of the town. Rev. Hosea McCall was among the preachers who ministered to them, and about that time the church had a membership of 30. In 1850 the church built a frame house of worship upon a site in the rear of the present brick edifice, erected in 1870 at a cost of $10,500, including lot. In the old church-building, which is now used as a tenement-house, the preachers were Revs. Archibald, Thorne, Rogers, Stevens, Petty, Grant, Hollingshead. In the new church the pastors have been Revs. Huston, Lane, Johnson, Hollister, and E. R. Jones. Mr. Jones was in charge June, 1879, when the church had a membership of 250. The present trustees of the church are F. Rogers, Thos. Walkins, Milo Pumphrey, Abraham Hartley, John Weaver, George Paisley, Washington Morrison, Samuel S. Carnahan, Edward Pumphrey. UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. What is known as the United Presbyterian church of Salineville is the result of an amalgamation of the Free Presbyterian and United Presbyterian congregations, both of which, although worshiping together and being to. all rents and purposes one congregation, have separate corporate capacities, the title to the church property being vested in the Free Presbyterian society. The Associate Reformed congregation (afterwards the United Presbyterians) was organized in 1837 or 1838, at Strain's Mills (now Clark's Mills), in Washington township, when James Martin and Daniel D. McIntosh were chosen elders. Preaching was conducted in private residences until 1846, when a church was built at Strain's Mills. Among the early supplies were Revs. William Lorrimer, James Wilson, and Samuel Clark. The pastors who served the church were Revs. John Donaldson, W. H. Jamison, James Golden, Joseph Boyd. In 1866 the congregation, having in 1858 changed its designation to that of United Presbyterian, discussed the project of building a new church, when there was some difference of opinion as to where it should be located, and the result of the discussion was that the church organization was dissolved, one portion thereof joining a congregation at Grant's Hill, and the other effecting a union with the Free Presbyterians at Salineville, after having separate worship in the church of the latter until 1869, to which year Rev. Joseph Boyd preached for them. The Free Presbyterian church of Salineville was organ. 260 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. ized Jan. 28, 1850, with the following members : William D. Norris, Isabel Norris, John Thompson, Massie Thompson, J. K. Snodgrass, Susan W. Snodgrass, Alanson Clark, Benjamin Manifold, Susan Manifold, William Paul, Mary Jane Tasker, John Haldeman, Rachael C. F. Haldeman, Rebecca Ann Haldeman, Lucretia S. Haldeman, Mary Jane Graham, Susan Graham, Elizabeth J. Graham. John Thompson was chosen ruling elder, and Rev. James Robertson moderator, at the first session. Rev. James Robertson was the first preacher, and in May, 1850, he administered the first communion. After him the preachers were Revs. Gordon, A. B. Bradford, V. M. King, David Waugh, Geo. McElhany, William Moffat, and — Bingham. The elders after Mr. Thompson were John Haldeman, Benjamin Manifold, James Crumley, Ralph Thompson, John Hunter, and W. J. Dallas. To 1851 public worship was conducted in the town school-house. In that year a frame church was built, and used until 1866, when the present house was erected. In 1869, as already noted, the Free Presbyterians and United Presbyterians joined in worship, with Rev. W. H. Jamison as their minister. The first stated pastor was Rev. S. M. Coon, who entered upon his charge in 1871, and still continues therein. The combined membership of the church is 92. Upon the amalgamation of the congregations, the elders chosen were James Sharp and Alex. Hart for the United Presbyterians, and Ralph Thompson, John Hunter, and Wm. J. Dallas for the Free Presbyterians. The elders at present are the above, with the addition of Arthur J. Thompson. METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF HIGHLANDTOWN. In 1819 a Methodist class was organized at the house of Jacob S. Desellems, near the head-waters of Little Yellow .Creek, in Wayne township. In that class were 13 members, named as follows : Jacob S. Desellems and wife Wm. Pumphrey and wife, David Scattergood and wife, John Davis and wife, Francis Bussell and wife, Eleanor McMullen, Catharine Johnson, and Mrs. Mary S. Hoey, Jacob S. Desellems being appointed class-leader. Preaching was held in the school-house and the dwellings of the members until 1841 by Revs. Nathan Callender, John Sharp, B. O. Plimpton, J P. Kent, Martin Ruyter, J. Crum, J. McMahan, John Crawford, Ira Edda, Geo. McCaskey, Jos. Montgomery, C. H. Jackson, W. Tipton, J. Crump, R. Armstrong, John McLain, Aleinus Young, P. S. Ruyter, Wm. Henderson, Joshua Monroe. In 1841 a church-edifice was erected on Little Yellow Creek, in Washington, upon land owned by David Scattergood. The congregation was in the Hanover circuit, and in the new church the preachers were Revs. J. K. Mills, Samuel Day, M. L. Weekly, Thos. Winstanley, Simon Elliott, G. A. Lowman, W. Brown, T. C. McClure, J. H. White, W. W. Roup, C. Thorn, W. Deveny, John Houston, J. Ansley, L. Petty, John Grant, D. B. Campbell, J. H. Rogers, Henry Long. The second church-building was put up at Highlandtown, and in it the pastors have been Revs. J. Archibald, M. McGarrett, John Stephens, Z. S. Weller, John Conner, Jos. Hollingshead, R. Jordan, J. R. Roller, W. Johnson, A. B. Castle, J. C. Russell, J. M. Bray, Jr., C. Thorn, John Houston, A. J. Lane, J. W. McA bre, G. W. Johnson, J. E. Hollister, and E. R. Jones, the latter being the pastor June 1, 1849, when the church membership was 80. In 1865 the Highlandtown and Salineville Methodist Episcopal churches became an independent circuit. The present leaders are James Bussell, B. F. Hart, W. R. Wilson, A. Hannum. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. At a Meeting of the Presbytery of New Lisbon, April 26, 1864, a committee, consisting of Revs. Robert Hays, S. R. Dundas, D.D., James N. Swan, and Mr. James Welch, ruling elder of Bethel church, was appointed " to visit Salineville, and, if the way be clear, to organize a Presbyterian church in that village." The committee met May 19, 1864, in a building previously used as a town school-house, but then the property of a few Presbyterians, and organized a church. Twenty-six members were accepted, and Joseph F. Williams and Edward Burnside chosen ruling elders. The names of the original members are given as follows : Joseph F. Williams, Margaret Hunter, Mary Williams, Joseph B. Williams, Martha Jane Williams, Mary Ann Williams, John Smith, Margaret Smith, Hezekiah Sheehan, Mary McCoy, Sarah McCoy, Lucretia Farmer, Lucy Ann Farmer, Samuel Faloon, Rebecca Faloon, Sarah Connell, Martha Farmer, Caroline Williams, George Edwards, Jane Edwards, Elizabeth J. Boring, Mary J. Smith, Edward Burnside, Catharine A. Burnside, Emma Smith. Rev. Robert Hays, of Bethel church, in Wayne, preached occasionally for about a year previous to the church organization, having been originally requested by the Presbyterians of Salineville to preach for them, in reply to certain itinerant preachers who had been delivering discourses there. Rev. Robert Johnson preached also previous to the organization of the church. Mr. Hays was the church's pastor from 1864 to 1874, and was succeeded by Rev. S. B. Stevenson, who was followed by the present pastor, Rev. J. R. Dundas, D.D. The present membership is 130. The original house of worship, in which the organization was effected, is still used. THE DISCIPLES CHURCH was organized Feb. 4, 1856, in the Free Presbyterian meeting-house, by thirty-six of the members formerly attached to the Berea congregation. Benjamin Johnson, Jehu B. Milner, and Nicholas Wierbaugh were the elders, Thomas Jessop and Nimrod Burson the deacons, and Wm. Burson the clerk. The names of the thirty-six original members are given here, as follows : Rebecca Bennett, Irene. Bennett, Mary Burson, Nimrod Burson, William Burson, Susan Call, John Fickes, Jr., John Godard, Isabella Godard, Maria Godard, Mary Clark, Benjamin Grocey, Clarissa Grocey, Thomas Jessop, Margaret Jessop, Benjamin Johnson, Cynthia Johnson, Elizabeth McMillan, Mary Ann McDaniel, William Milner, Sr., William Milner, Jr., Jehu B. Milner, William Potts, Sarah Potts, George Potts, Ann Jane Potts, John Randolph, Elizabeth Randolph, Frances Randolph, Sophia TOWNSHIP OF WASHINGTON - 261 Sheckler, John Simpson, Sarah Simpson, Nicholas Wierbaugh, Julia Ann Wierbaugh, Matilda McMillan, John Burson. Nov. 4, 1856, the congregation first occupied the edifice formerly known as the Friends' meeting-house, which they purchased for $1000 from James Farmer, who, with his father (both Friends), had years before built the house for the religious use of the Society of Friends. This church is the one ow in use by the Disciples. The first minister was Wesley Lanphear, who was succeeded by Mr. Beaumont, S. B. Teegarden, McBride, Kemp, Abisha Way, Joseph King, Gardner, Picket, Thomas Henry, J. White, Terry, E. L. Allen, Joseph Walters, and W. W. Hayden, the latter being now in charge. The church began to flourish directly after organization, and in 1857 numbered 89 members. Its present membership is 140. THE PRIMITIVE METHODIST CHURCH. The Primitive Methodist church of Salineville was organized in 1869 by. Rev. Geo. Parker, at which time 60 persons were received into membership. Previous to the organization, and after that, worship was held in dwellings and school-houses, but after the organization chiefly in the Presbyterian and United Presbyterian churches. A church-edifice was erected in 1873, and was to be dedicated in 1874, but the unsettled state of the country put off the proposed ceremony, which remains to this day unperformed. The preachers who have, served the church have been Revs. James Herbert, Joseph Emerson, Geo. Parker, T. C. Bache, Joseph Reid, W. C. Bache, and — Borie. The dependence at present is upon supplies. Latterly, through removals of members, the church membership has declined to about 20. ST. PATRICK'S (CATHOLIC) CHURCH. Previous to 1872 the Catholics at Salineville held occasional public worship in the houses of members of that faith, preaching being supplied by the priest stationed at Summitville. In the year named, under the direction of Rev. P. J. McGuire, a brick church was erected, and since that time Salineville and Summitville have been a joint charge, under the successive ministrations of Revs. P. J. McGuire, B. B. Kelly, and E. J. Murphy. About sixty families are at present attached to the congregation of St. Patrick's. SCHOOLS. The history of the early schools of Washington township offers no features of peculiar interest apart from the educational experiences of kindred townships. There was less opportunity for gaining book-learning at schools than there was for gaining religious instruction at church, since schools in those days were made available but three months in the year, and even then the distances to be traveled by pupils to reach the school-house frequently placed even the limited advantages at such a premium that they were sometimes illy enjoyed. Joseph White, a Scotchman, was one of the earliest, and perhaps the first, to teach school in Washington township. The temple of learning wherein he taught the young and rising idea was, of course, a log cabin ; but White's teaching, it is said, was of the earnest kind and took deep root. The township possesses at present excellent union schools. At Salineville the union-school building, a capacious and substantial brick structure, provides, with two additional school-houses, for the educational needs of the town. SALT-WELLS. The discovery of the presence of salt in the soil along the banks of Yellow Creek, where it flows through Salineville, led to the first pronounced settlement of the place, and in a brief space of time there was a considerable influx of salt-boilers at the place, and the promise of a rapid growth in population seemed at hand. Salt had been a very rare and expensive commodity, and stories are still extant telling how early settlers in southern Columbiana used to ride many a mile to obtain salt, and how they used to prize it to a degree that seems now absurd, since salt is so plentiful and so cheap. Then it was worth almost " its weight in gold," and one still hears that at table in those days children would invariably cling to the salt-bowl, while the sugar-bowl stood neglected. Thus it may be understood that the discovery of salt where salt was a luxury was a revelation and wonderfully welcome, and the newly-discovered salt-fields quickly engaged, therefore, the energies of many an eager person, and created an especially lively and profitable industry. As nearly as can be ascertained, George James, who came from Kentucky, sunk the first well at what is now Salineville. This was probably in 1809, or previous. He obtained strong salt water, but not much salt, although he put down two wells, the first three hundred feet deep (from which there was a strong flow of gas), and the second nine hundred. Jacob Sharp sunk three wells about the same time, but only one of them offered a satisfactory yield. George, Isaiah, and Silas Burson, from Pennsylvania, followed immediately afterwards, and put down several wells. They failed, however, to make the business pay, although they obtained a good yield of salt, and the property soon afterwards passed into the hands of John Farmer, who came over there from New Garden, in Hanover township, and settled at Salineville. Anthony Roof and others were among the early salt-makers, but the most successful was John Farmer, who continued to prosper in the undertaking continuously until 1853, when he disposed of his interest to Isaac Kirk, who, with more or less success, made salt until 1865, when competition elsewhere, which had long been lessening the value of the salt interest at Salineville, pushed it aside and out of existence altogether, Mr. Kirk being the last one, in 1865, to make salt at that point. During Mr. Farmer's time many others were engaged in the salt business on Yellow Creek, and at one time, within the limits of Salineville, there were upwards of twenty salt-wells in process of operation. When the yield of his well was at its best, Mr. Farmer obtained from forty to fifty barrels per week. When the salt business was at its height,—in 1835 or thereabouts, when there were twenty or more wells on Yellow Creek,—an attempt was made to start a bank, and the project was so far pushed that a company was organized with Moses Marshall as president, a log house on the 262 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. creek selected for a banking house, handsome-looking notes printed with the name of " Yellow Creek Bank" conspicuous thereon, and matters generally trimmed to catch a favorable breeze. Somehow or other, prospective stockholders got the idea that the bank was a speculation organized by a few shrewd ones, who might leave creditors in the lurch at the first favorable opportunity, and so, stock subscriptions being withheld, the batik never started, while its fascinating bank-notes were retired to the shades of Nowhere. THE COAL INTEREST. Salineville finds the chief element of its support in the possession of numerous coal mines, the working of which provides employment for several hundred people, and contributes very largely to the business interests of the place. Coal was found at this point long before 1852, but the lack of transportation facilities precluded the shipment of it, and so the only use to which it was devoted was the supplying of the needs of the citizens. When, however, the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad was completed in 1852, coal mining upon an enlarged scale set in, and, having steadily increased in extent since that time, the business now amounts to upwards of two millions of dollars annually, as to value of product. Mr. James Penrose is said to have been the first person to ship coal from Salineville. He took coal out of a mine now operated by the Ohio and Pittsburgh Coal Company, at the upper end of Salineville. In 1853, John Thompson opened a " three-foot vein," and at the same time Jehu Milner opened a mine opposite Thompson's, where the Columbiana Coal Company are now mining. Mathew Brown and Hayes & Hussey were mining-firms about this time, and began to bring the coal interests into prominence. The sharpest impetus to these interests was furnished, however, when the Ohio and Pennsylvania Coal Company was organized, in 1867, and began operations at Salineville in that year. They absorbed at first six coal mines in that locality, and entered briskly upon the work of developing a profitable industry to a degree far in advance of efforts previously made. The company controlled, June 1, 1879, six coal mines at Salineville, and from them took an average of about eight hundred tons of coal daily, employing in the labor from two hundred and fifty to two hundred and seventy-five persons. Of the company's six mines, five are " drifts," or " banks," and one only a " shaft." The latter, it may be remarked, is the only " shaft" among all the mines in Salineville, the residue being what are known as " drifts," or horizontal openings into the side-hills,—a style of mining much less expensive than the shaft. The company has a capital of $84,000 ; its president is James F. Clark, its superintendent Daniel McGarry, and its treasurer J. R. Conrad. The kinds of coal taken out at Salineville are known as the " Columbiana" and the " strip" vein, the latter being but slightly impregnated with sulphur, costing more to mine than the Columbiana, and of course of more value in the market. The Ohio and Pittsburgh Company's mines average veins of from three feet to six and a half feet in thickness, and the length of the mines from three hundred to seventeen hundred yards. The shaft reaches down to a depth of but fifty feet. THE MANUFACTURERS' COAL COMPANY, controlled by James Farmer and the firm of Crannage & Anderson, began to mine in 1872, and are now operating a mine of Columbiana coal about one thousand yards in length and having an average thickness of vein of five and a half feet. They are also working a strip-vein mine of a similar length, and in both mines (employing seventy-six men) obtaining about one hundred and four tons of coal daily, although the ordinary yield is thrice that amount. THE COLUMBIANA COAL COMPANY, operated by Morris Foster, of Pittsburgh, have two " banks," which they have been working since 1877, and now take out about two hundred and seventy-five tons of coal daily, employing eighty-five men. Each bank has depth of about three thousand feet, and in the larger vein the thickness is claimed to be an average of seven and one-half feet. This company mine also fire-clay in the " strip-vein" mine and hard clay in a clay-bank, their shipments of' clay averaging about seventy tons per month. John Hayes, one of the early miners at Salineville, has a mine from which about one hundred tons of coal daily have been taken, but work therein has for some time been suspended, although likely to be speedily renewed. When the coal trade is brisk and the mines at Salineville are pushed to their extreme productive capacity, they give employment to as many as six hundred persons, and yield for shipment from twelve to thirteen hundred tons of coal daily. MANUFACTURES. The Salineville Woolen-Mills, owned and operated by J. A. & R. Montgomery, occupy in Salineville the buildings erected, in 1845, by James Farmer for a flaxseed-oil mill. Mr. Farmer continued to make oil there a number of years, and then, changing the manufactory to a woolen-mill, thus conducted it until 1856, when he sold it to John Montgomery, who manufactured woolen goods on his individual account until 1867, when he took in his son, J. A., as a partner. John Montgomery died in 1877, when, by the accession of R. Montgomery, the firm became as at present constituted. The mill-building, constructed of brick, is what is known as a " one-set mill," and, run by steam-power, manufactures woolen flannels, blankets, hosiery, stocking-yarn, jeans, etc., and does, besides, considerable custom-work. The employees number eight. L. Bright has a tannery at Salineville, where Henry Nixon, the first tanner in the town, began the business in 1849; he disposed of it, in 1866, to Mr. Bright. About one thousand hides are tanned yearly. Steam is the motive-power, and seven the number of hands employed. J. G. Lacock & Co. have a large steam grist-mill at Salineville, with five run of buhrs. The mill—the first in Salineville—was built, in 1838, by James Farmer and Isaac Kirk, and was run by water-power until 1839, when steam was added. In 1856 the firm-name was changed to TOWNSHIP OF WASHINGTON - 263 Farmer, Lacock & Co.. and in 1877 to its present title. The mill has a large run of custom-work, and a capacity for producing sixteen thousand barrels of flour yearly. McGarry, Black & Co. operate a fine steam grist-mill near the railroad station. It was built in 1877, is three stories in height, has two run of buhrs, and a productive capacity of twenty barrels of flour for every ten hours. The Ohio Flouring-Mills, run by steam-power, were started by Faloon Bros. in 1877. They have two run of wheat-buhrs and one chopping-buhr, with a manufacturing capacity of thirty barrels of flour every ten hours. The mill employs two han s, and has a brisk custom trade. William Faloon & Co. operate a steam planing-mill at Salineville, and manufacture doors, sash, blinds, and building material. In the mill-building they make also farm-bells, plow-points, and general castings. The mill was set in motion in 1869, and employs, in busy times, from ten to fifteen men. N. & O. Cope opened an extensive foundry and machine-shop in Salineville about 1849, and continued it until 1869, when it passed into the possession of W. W. Orr, who had had an interest in it for some time. Mr. Orr carried on the foundry until 1873, when he converted it into a planing-mill, which he discontinued in 1878. THE SALINEVILLE BANKING COMPANY, a private corporation, is the first and only banking institution Salineville has had. It was organized March 1, 1873, with J. G. Lacock as president., W. T. Cope as cashier, and directors as follows : J. G. Lacock, Isaac Kirk, Robert George, H. A. Thompson, Edward Pumphrey, L. Bright, W. T. Cope. The officers and directors in 1879 were the same as above given. The capital, which was originally $30,000, was in 1877 reduced to $20,000. SECRET ORDERS. SALINEVILLE LODGE, NO. 348, F. AND A. M., was organized October, 1864, with 10 charter-members, as follows : A. H. Battin, W. M. ; W. W. Orr, S. W. ; S. S. Robertson, J. W. ; and James Russell, James Criss, John Moore, J. G. Lacock, J. C. Baird, J. M. Irwin, and Samuel Lindesmith. The Lodge has now 68 members and the following officers : William Deveny, W. M. ; J. F. Lacock, S. W. ; Charles H. Spencer, J. W. STAR OF PROMISE LODGE, NO. 435, I. O. O. F., was organized Aug. 8, 1869, with 10 charter-members and the following officers : M. E. Detemple, N. G. ; I. W. Potts, V. G. ; — Huston, Sec. ; George Bowden, Treas. The present membership is 60, and the officers, J. B. Hayes, N. G. ; James Cordingley, V. G. ; David Finnegan, Sec. ; John Kirk, Treas. SALINE ENCAMPMENT, NO. 159, I. O. O. F., was organized Aug. 6, 1872, with 7 charter-members, as follows : Charles Cameron, S. M. Sexton, C. C. Kleinfelder, Edward Roberts, John Kirk, George Bowden, George Dysart. There are now 40 members and the following officers: Daniel Herbert, C. P. ; William Gold, S. W. ; William Wierbaugh, J. W.; David Finnegan, H. P. ; Ralph Woodward, Treas. RAILWAYS. Salineville is an important station on the main line of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, over which trains were first run in 1852. Shipments of coal from this station average from seventy-five to eighty cars per day, and form no small item in the freight business of the road. John K. Lloyd was the first railroad agent appointed for this point, and he served from 1852 to 1853. J. P. Farmer was the agent from 1853 to 1856, when F. Rogers was appointed, and, resigning in 1866, was followed by John Hocy, and he in turn by F. Rogers, the present agent, who was reappointed in 1872. In 1854 the Salineville Railroad Company, of which James Farmer is the head, built a railway, about two miles in length, from Salineville, along the course of a fork of Big Yellow Creek to the Carroll County line, for the transportation of coal from the mines along the line to Salineville. NEWSPAPERS. Salineville's first newspaper was the Salineville Era, which was published during 1870, in Wellsville, by J. E. Porter, and lasted less than a year. James M. Reese, whose office of publication was likewise at Wellsville, issued, in 1871, the Salineville Miner, but it was a short-lived publication, and passed away after an existence of a few months. May 2, 1872, J. W. and J. F. Lacock issued the first number of the Salineville Index, a twenty-eight-column paper. The Index was published at Salineville, was independent in politics, and flourished until the fall of 1878, when, passing into the hands of William Jackson, its name was changed to the Salineville Herald, and as such it is still continued by him. It has a circulation of about 700, and is published every Thursday. POST-OFFICES. Washington has two postal stations,—Salineville and Highlandtown. The first postmaster at Salineville was James Farmer, who was appointed about 1835. He kept a store at the time, and, in 1840, Jos. G. Lacock, entering as Mr. Farmer's clerk, took active charge of the post-office, although Mr. Farmer continued to be postmaster. Mr. Farmer's successors were G. W. Boring, Wm. J. Dallas, and L. C. Dallas. The latter is the present incumbent, and has occupied the office since 1860. The business of the money-order department of the office for March, 1879, was a profitable one, embracing the receipt of $3769 for money-orders issued, and the payment of $740 on orders received. The receipts for the sale of stamps during the quarter ending April 1, 1879, amounted to $369.22. The office receives and forwards three daily mails,—one triweekly and one semi-weekly mail. The first postmaster at Highlandtown was Alex. Chisholm, after whom the appointee was Albert Welch, of Wayne township, for whom John Russell, storekeeper at the village, transacted the office business. Russell removed, subsequently, to Iowa, and was chosen speaker of the House of Representatives. After Welch, the postmasters were Wm. 264 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Nicholson, Andrew Douglass, a blacksmith, David Rose, John McGillivray, and John Hannum, the present incumbent. When the post-office at Highlandtown was first established, the post-office department directed the name of Inverness to be given to it, since there was already a postal station called Highlandtown. Commonly, the village is known as Highlandtown, but as a postal station it is known as Inverness. CEMETERIES. The public burial-ground at Salineville is known as Woodland Cemetery, and occupies a handsome elevation north of the town. The tract is about ten acres in extent, and was purchased by the town in 1870 for $600. In that year it was opened for public use, and since has been so improved that it is regarded as one of the finest cemeteries in the county. The first board of cemetery trustees, chosen when the ground was purchased, was composed of Thomas B. Cope, J. G. Lacock, and Thomas Francis. Previous to the purchase of " Woodland," the town used a burial-ground originally designed for the private graveyard of the Farmer family, but subsequently devoted to public use. WASHINGTON'S WAR-RECORD. Under the call for three months' men, upon the outbreak of the Rebellion of 1861, Salineville furnished for the company raised by Capt. Henry Cope, of Wellsville, and afterwards attached as Company K to the Third Ohio, the following: Laughlin Dallas, John McCullough, John S. Thompson, David Jacobs, Wilson Nixon, James. Campbell, R. J. Gould, Edward McGaffick, Henry Barons, J. J. Donahoe, B. Rigdon, J. K. Farmer, S. N. Irwin, Benjamin Gresbaugh. Under the call for one hundred days' men, Washington township provided a full company, called Company A of the One Hundred and Forty-third Ohio Volunteers.*   BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. SAMUEL C. KERR. This gentleman's ancestors were as follows : James Kerr, his grandfather, was a native of Berkeley Co., W. Va. ; emigrated to Allegheny Co., Pa., about 1790, and to Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1808 ; died in 1810. William Kerr, his father, was born in Allegheny Co., Pa., Feb. 12, 1795 ; came to Washington township, Columbiana Co., Ohio, in 1808. He was in many respects an extraordinary man. Although enjoying but very limited opportunities for school education, he was the business man of his neighborhood, writing letters, deeds, etc. He filled various positions of trust and honor, served thirty-six years as justice of the peace, and nine years as commissioner of Jefferson County. His occupation was that of a farmer. He married, May, 1826, Miss Eleanor Clark. They had ten children,—James P., Jane, Samuel C., Hannah, Sarah * See "Military History," in this volume. L., Mary M., Leah B., Delilah C., William M., and Fayette, all living except Fayette, who died Sept. 10, 1850. On his mother's side his grandfather, Samuel Clark, was a native of Pennsylvania ; came to Columbiana Co., Ohio, about 1798, settling on the north fork of Yellow Creek, in what is now Washington township. His mother, Eleanor Clark Kerr, was born in 1805 ; is residing now in Brush Creek township, Jefferson Co., Ohio. Samuel C. Kerr, the subject of this sketch, was born Jan. 13, 1831, in what was then Saline township, Columbiana County, now Brush Creek township, Jefferson County. He received only a common-school education, and learned the stone-cutting trade, following that occupation and assisting on the farm in the summer and teaching school in the winter. He married, Nov. 3, 1859, Miss Frances J. Milner, daughter of William and Lydia Milner,—all natives of Columbiana County. Mrs. Kerr died Dec. 17, 1860, aged twenty years. Mr. Kerr was again married, on the 22d of October, 1868, to Miss Mary Clark, daughter of Stephen and Rachel Clark, natives of Columbiana County, and both born in 1804. Mr. Clark died in 1873 ; Mrs. Clark in 1878. Mrs. Kerr was an exemplary member of the Presbyterian church for twenty-five years. She died April 22, 1875, at the age of forty-four years. Of this marriage was born one child, John Fayette Kerr, Nov. 22, 1869. During the war Mr. Kerr was a member of Co. D, 126th Ohio Volunteers, enlisting as a private, Aug. 11, 1862. He was promoted successively to second lieutenant, to first lieutenant, and to captain ; was honorably discharged May 15, 1865. He was in the battles of Martinsburgh, Waupon Heights, Brandy Station, Bealton, Locust Grove, Mine Run, and the Wilderness. He also experienced ten months' confinement in the rebel prisons at Macon, Ga., Charleston and Columbia, S. C. Mr. Kerr was a representative from Jefferson County in the Ohio Legislature four years, from 1866 to 1870. He TOWNSHIP OF WASHINGTON - 265 came to Columbiana County in 1869, since which time he has followed farming. He was elected from Columbiana County in 1877 a representative in the State Legislature for two years ; was nominated for the same office. Is a Republican, as shown his ballot for President, which was cast for Scott, Fremont, Lincoln, Grant, and Hayes. He has been a member of the Methodist Episcopal church since 1856. JOHN T. DYSART was born in Scotland, Sept. 2, 1839. His father (James Dysart) came to America in 1844. He settled first in Carroll County. In 1847 he removed to Columbiana County, where he remained until his death, which occurred Aug. 24, 1870. James Dysart's family consisted of thirteen children,—twelve sons and one daughter. Eight of that number are deceased. The subject of this sketch remained at home until he was fourteen years old ; he then went to the West, where he remained four years. When the Rebellion broke out he was one of the first to respond to the call to arms, entering the service June 6, 1861, as a private in the 3d Ohio Infantry Regiment, going immediately to the seat of war. This regiment was captured by the enemy near Rome, Ga., and was held three months as prisoners of war, and during that time were in prison in the following places : Belle Island, Atlanta, Knoxville, and Danville. This regiment was in twelve engagements and twenty-three skirmishes. Mr. Dysart was present at all 'these engagements, and went through safely, with the exception of a slight wound, which he received Aug. 28, 1863, while guarding a wagon-train near Stevenson, Ala. After the discharge of the regiment Mr. Dysart selected Chattanooga, Tenn., as a place' in which to engage in the mercantile business ; after about six months he retnrned to Salineville, where he engaged as a clerk in a store. August, 1867, he began business for himself, in the mercantile line, also buying and selling real estate and coal. Mr. Dysart has a partner, and the firm is known as. Dysart & Cameron. Mr. Dysart has always taken an active part in developing the mineral resources of this and other States, having spent much time and money to accomplish his object. He has a fine geological collection gathered from this and other States. He is in politics a Republican, and, while never having sought political preferment, has always earnestly served the best interests of the party when chosen by it to fill any office. He was elected mayor of his town in 1866, and has been a member of the council for thirteen years ; has represented his party as a delegate to various conventions. Is a liberal in his religious views. Mr. Dysart remains unmarried, and is now in the prime of life. Long may he live to enjoy the fruits of his industrious youth and busy manhood ! And we feel confident that he will maintain the good character he has won, and retain to the last the respect and the esteem of those who have the pleasure of his acquaintance. JAMES FARMER is a native of Georgia, having been born near Augusta, on the 19th of July, 1802. During the early part of the seventeenth century his ancestors came from England, where they have honorable mention shim the days of Henry VII., and especially so during the time of Charles II. His grandfather took an active part in the stirring times of the Revolution, participating in the various battles that were fought in Georgia and the Carolinas. His father, on account of slavery, decided to leave the South, and removed, in 1805, to the newly-admitted State of Ohio, settling upon a tract of land in Columbiana County, where lie remained until the fall of 1818, when he removed to what is now known as Salineville, in the same county. Here young Farmer -grew to manhood, availing himself of such opportunities as then existed for acquiring an education while devoting a large share of his time to assisting on the farm and aiding in the manufacture of salt, which his father had commenced in 1824. At the age of twenty-two he leased his father's salt-works, and having so enlarged them as to make a more profitable business, devoted himself for years to this industry. In 1828, however, he concluded to extend his business enterprises, and so crossed the mountains to Philadelphia, and purchased a stock of goods suitable to the demands of a new country, and this laid the foundation of a mercantile business which he continued for nearly thirty years. In 1834, Mr. Farmer was married to Miss Meribah Butler, a young lady-of English parentage, who had, with her parents, previously removed to Ohio from Philadelphia. In 1838 he built what was for those times a large flouring-mill, thus increasing his business by purchasing wheat and manufacturing it into flour, which he shipped to the cities of New York, Philadelphia, Boston, and New Orleans. In pursuance of this business, therefore, Mr. Farmer had occasion to travel very considerably, which brought him into contact with the larger commercial interests of the country, and into business relations with a large circle of wealthy and influential business-men. Before the era of railways in Ohio, when the great commercial business was transacted entirely by water, Mr. Farmer, in 1844, built a fine steamer for the profitable traffic at that time carried on upon the Ohio and Mississippi Rivers, and employed it for some years in the trade between Pittsbnrgh, St. Louis, and New Orleans. In the year 1846 he, with his usual enterprise, was foremost in securing a charter for a railroad from the Ohio River to Lake Erie, and entered with determination upon the building of the same. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad thus came into existence. Mr. Farmer was made president of the company, devoting his time, energy, and money to the enterprise, and under his able management the road was completed from Cleveland to the Ohio River in about five years. This road opened up a arge tract of mineral wealth, and gave a great stimulus to leveland, especially to the coal trade of that lake city. In 1856, Mr. Farmer removed with his family to the Forest City and engaged in the coal trade, having mines of his own which he has worked successfully for the past twenty years. Since arriving in Cleveland he has identified himself with the manufacture of iron, and the banking interests of die city. In 1858, Mr. Farmer was again called to the presidency of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad Company, and in order to facilitate its mangement the superintendency was also assigned him, and it 266 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. was thus mainly through his wise and economical administration of the company's affairs that the road was kept from falling into the hands of its bondholders,—a fate that befell many corporations after the disastrous financial crash of 1857. In 1859, Mr. Farmer, feeling that the company he had served was again upon a safe footing, retired to the management of his private business, yet still remained a member of the board of directors for some years longer, when he resigned entirely, having served the company in all nearly twenty years. Although devoting himself to his own business interests, Mr. Farmer ever kept those of Cleveland in view, and, as he was convinced that the city's greatness was founded upon its manufacturing interests, determined upon a new railway line to the nearest coal-fields. Thus in 1870 he began, through the press and otherwise, the agitation of the subject as one of vital importance to the future prosperity of the city. In 1871 a company was organized, known as the Valley Railway Company, whose object was to build a road, by way of Akron and Canton, into the very heart of the great coal and iron fields of Ohio. Mr. Farmer was chosen president of the company, and the work of construction began in the spring of 1873, but, owing to the great financial crash in the fall of that year, work was suspended, the company's affairs being kept in such trim, however, that in 1878 the first rails were laid and machinery put on, so that at the present time the road is nearly completed to Canton, a distance of sixty miles, and its entire successfully assured. Mr. Farmer has thus been the organizer of the two railways that give to Cleveland her commercial importance so far as great mineral and manufacturing interests, founded upon an inexhaustible and cheap coal supply, contribute to that end. Mr. Farmer is now seventy-seven years of age, but is still hale and hearty, has the companionship of his wife and five children, and, with his children's children around him, still looks forward to years of useful life. He is an honored member of the Society of Friends; has never sought political honor, but gone quietly forth in the business walks of life, devoting his time and energy towards enterprises for the public good, believing that a man has higher duties in life than the simple acqnisition of wealth ; that he who lives to benefit mankind has ennobled his own soul, and may well rest when life's labor is done. He possesses a well-balanced mind, maturing all his plans by careful consideration ; has a calm judgment ; is serene in disposition, and charitable to the failings of others. He is genial as a friend, kind and indulgent as a husband and father, and is generally esteemed, respected, and beloved. With a mechanical turn of mind, he is a close observer of both men and things in the world around, and may be said to be wholly the architect of his own fortunes. He possesses a strong will, that has Carried him over all obstacles. In his business enterprises he has lived to see his efforts for the public good crowned with success, and is entitled to enjoy the honorable old age that is his. WAYNE. WAYNE, numbered 13 in the list of townships, and occupying range 3, contains area of five miles square, and is one of the seven tow lips forming the southern tier of Columbiana. Its boundaries are Centre township on the north, Washington on the south, Madison on the east, and Franklin on the west. The west fork of Beaver Creek flows through the township from the northwest corner to the middle of the eastern boundary, and affords good water-power. Coal-beds are plentiful, but the lack of railway facilities confines the value of the mineral to the limits of a small home consumption. The same reference may be made to deposits of limestone, fire-clay, iron-ore, sandstone, and flagstone. The latter, found in the Sloan flag quarry, upon the farm occupied by Mrs. Eliza McCord, is said to yield flagstones of a superior quality. Wayne is a productive farming region, and is noted for its picturesque scenic endowments. High elevations dot the surface in every part, and from their summits views of a wide sweep of fertile hill and plain, relieved by woodland scenes, are presented in a particularly engaging form. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Aaron Hull is said to have been the first white inhabitant of Wayne township. He located in 1802 on section 16, and was for some time a lonely settler in a howling wilderness, until, early in 1803, new-comers began to gather in the township. Among them were Adam Poe, father of the Indian-fighting Poe family, who built his cabin near where Samuel Ewing now lives ; John T. Parker, who was the first justice of the peace in the township ; James Hoge, a government surveyor ; Patrick McKaig, the Thompsons, Armstrongs, Hutchinsons, Sheehans, and McLaughlins. In 1804, Gideon Gayer settled the place known as the Gayer farm, where is now Gayer post-office; John Armstrong and William King, upon that part of Wayne now included in Franklin township. In 1805, James Figley occupied the place now owned by John Meister, and James Donaldson the farm upon which James, his son, resides. John Fleming, who moved into Wayne in 1815, purchased the farm on section 9 entered by John T. Parker, and npon that farm his son John still lives. His nearest neighbors were Gideon Gayer, on the east, in section 10 ; James Donaldson, on the west ; James Armstrong, on the north; upon section 4 ; and James Hoge, who, with Donaldson, lived on section 8. Section 7, now in Franklin, but then in Wayne, was in 1804 settled by William King, who came in from Pennsylvania with his wife, two daughters, an ns, John, Hugh, and Thomas. Besides en mg other land, Patrick TOWNSHIP OF WAYNE - 267 McKaig entered section 7 with William King. When the latter settler located, there was no settler on the west between his place and the Tuscarawas River. Wm. Grafton (who died in 1878, aged ninety-four), with his brother Willi• m, came in from Maryland, and settled, in 1813, upon 1 nd entered by one Leiper, upon section 14. Leiper ow d a small tract of 22 acres, now owned by Rev. Robert Hayes, and situated in Wayne. This he sold to Geo. McLeest for a pair of ear-rings, McLeest, who was a dealer in jewelry, finding that method of payment much more to his liking than the disbursement of money. Following close upon the advent of the Graftons came the Pattersons, McCords, Morgans, Dessellems, and McMillins. Patrick McKaig, already alluded to, was the pioneer miller in Wayne, albeit his mill was a primitive affair. One Starkey is said to have led the van in the matter of sturdy service at the forge, and was accounted a blacksmith of more than ordinary excellence and of marvelous physical strength. An early settler was Capt. James Wormington, who died in Wayne at the age of one hundred and three, and who claimed that sixty years of his life had been passed upon the sea in the naval and merchant-marine services. Gottleib Nothdurft and John Meister were time honored citizens, natives of Fiance, and boasted of having fought under the first Napoleon, with whom, Meister related, he shared the terrors of the famous retreat from Moscow. Many of the early settlers in Wayne were from Pennsylvania and Maryland, and were generally people of more than ordinary energy and thrift, while they were as a rule intelligent and warm advocates of religious worship, which they took speedy measures to secure for the settlement as soon as practicable. There were some, too, who belonged to the rougher \class of backwoodsmen ; who prided themselves especially on their physical prowess ; were ambitious to be known as " scalp-lifters ;" regarded civilization and its refinements as fit only for women ; always went attired in the traditional buckskin breeches, hunting-shirt, and skin cap, and were, in 'short, a wild and boisterous band of freelances, who rejoiced in their freedom from conventionalities and in a roving existence. Indians were plentiful, but not dangerous. They roamed about at will, and, although they were never troublesome, beyond being thieves and beggars, their presence was always attended with apprehensive fears among the settlers, and the atmosphere always seemed easier to breathe when the red-skins were not about. Many stories are still extant of the superstitions prevalent among the early settlers, and of the ceremonies observed in warding off the evils which were foretold by persons claiming to be versed in the knowledge of dispelling the influences of witchcraft; but this superstitious belief, it is but justice to believe, obtained only among a few of the most ignorant, and never passed current among the intelligent members of the community. Wild and savage animals roamed the forests in those days, and their prowlings and frequent ravages occasioned frequent and serious alarm to the settlers. The yell of' the panther and the mournful howl of wolves Were familiar sounds to the pioneer ear, and the protection at night of the household from the probable attack of the one, as well as special guarding of domestic animals from the approach of the other, exercised the watchful concern of the settler, and gave him no end of anxious fear. The last panther killed in the township was in 1832,—and hunting such and kindred animals had frequently engaged the attention of the bold backwoodsman, —when in a grand rally by a half-dozen hunters the beast fell by the hand of Daniel Lindesmith, a noted deer-slayer and an unerring rifle-shot. Deer-slaying was a favorite pastime, and bear-hunting much affected, while the pursuit of the venomous rattlesnake, although a dangerous sport, was a not uncommon pastime. It is told that even as late as 1832, John McLeest owned the only cart in his neighborhood, and that he also owned the first wagon seen in the township. The calls upon him for the use of those articles were frequent from all sides, and left him but little opportunity to serve with them his own needs. So also was it with the first grain-cradle brought into the township, and owned by William Grafton. The farmers struggled hard and diligently to eke out a living, but that work in a new country is a slow and difficult process, and it is still a saying in Wayne that no sooner had a farmer paid his taxes for one year than he began directly to save all the money he could make to pay taxes for the next. Squire John T. Parker, of whom mention has already been made, performed, in 1808, the first marriage ceremony known in Wayne, the parties married being Thomas Culbertson and Betsey Porter. Marriage ceremonies in those days were neither brilliant nor stylish affairs, but they were joyous occasions nevertheless, and, although the bridegroom might appear in shirt sleeves, barefoot, and with but one suspender supporting his pantaloons, and the bride in home-spun frock, they were happily content and with their friends made the time a jolly one. Wayne sprang promptly to the rescue upon the outbreak of the war of 1812, and many of her best citizens gave their services in the conflict. It was during the progress of the war, when the people were keenly alive to alarms and apprehensions, that a rapidly-spread report of a threatened Indian incursion into the township caused feverish excitement and the rapid flight of many families to places of better security. The alarm proved happily a false one, and after a brief absence the refugees returned, but it was long before they settled into a peaceful conviction that the day of trouble was past. The first justice of the peace, as has been noted, was John T. Parker, who was elected upon the organization of the township, and after him Patrick McKaig, chosen in 1809, Thomas Roseburg, in 1812, and John Shivers were the pioneer justices. Wayne is a strictly temperance township, and in 1832 organized a temperance society, which was followed directly afterwards by the organization, at Bethel church, of a similar society. Such good fruit did these movements bear that since 1850 not a drop of liquor has been sold within the limits of the township, as goes the report. Of the men who were born nd reared in Wayne, Thos. J. MeKaig, Wm. W. McKaig, Wm. Armstrong, and Jos. F. Williams, have served State legislators ; Clement V. Mc- 268 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Kaig and M. Travis entered the ministry; John Armstrong served as the treasurer of Columbian, County three consecutive terms; Wm. Armstrong was associate county judge; Hiram Gayer was connty commissioner for ten years; Joshua S. Sloan probate judge and county treasurer in Iowa, his brother Robert judge of the court of common pleas, and Geo. J. Luckey superintendent of public schools in Pittsburgh. ORGANIZATION. Wayne was organized in 1806, and included originally a territory of six miles square, embracing thirty-six sections. Upon the erection of Carroll County, in 1832, Wayne lost a row of sections to Washington on the south, and one to Franklin on the west, so that its area of territory is now included within twenty-five sections, measuring five miles square. The first tax levy in Wayne township was $28 ; in 1821 the levy was $53.75. For the years 1807 to 1816 there are no existing township records ; from the latter date to 1879 they are, however, complete, and the list of township trustees, clerks, and treasurers who have served during that period is here given : 1816.—Trustees, Patrick McKaig, Francis Gardner, John Fleming; Clerk, Thomas C. King; Treasurer, Hugh King. 1817.—Trustees, Patrick McKaig, John Fleming, Joshua Coupland; Clerk, Thomas C. King ; Treasurer, Gideon Gayer. 1818.—Trustees, James Beer, .John Shivers, Henry Beck; Clerk, James Sharp ; Treasurer, Gideon Gayer. 1819.—Trustees, John Fleming, John Shivers, Henry Beck ; Clerk, James Sharp ; Treasurer, Benjamin Scattergood. 1820.—Trustees, John Fleming, enry Beck, Samuel Sloan; Clerk, James Sharp; Treasurer, fumes Donaldson. 1821.—Trustees, John Fleming, Henry Beck, Wm. Grafton; Clerk, John McKaig ; Treasurer, James Donaldson. 1822.—Trustees, Hugh King, Wm. G fton, Joseph Watson; Clerk, Thomas C. King ; Treasurer, Samuel Grafton. 1823.—Trustees, Hugh King, Henry Beck, Thomas Patterson; Clerk, Thomas C. King ; Treasurer, Samuel Grafton. 1824.—Trustees, Henry Beck, James Welsh, Martin Armstrong; Clerk, Thomas C. King ; Treasurer, James Beer. 1825-27.—Trustees, Henry Beck, James Sharp, Martin Armstrong ; Clerk, Thomas C. King ; Treasurer, James Beer. 1828.—Trustees, William Grafton, Thomas Roseburg, Martin Armstrong ; Clerk, John McKaig; Treasurer, John Hughey. 1829.—Trustees, Win. Grafton, Thomas Roseburg, Martin Armstrong ; Clerk, William McHarg ; Treasurer, Robert L. Fleming. 1830.—Trustees, Wm. Grafton, Thomas Roseburg, Martin Armstrong ; Clerk, John Fleming; Treasurer, R. L. Fleming. 1831.—Trustees, William Grafton, Isaac Morgan, Joshua Coupland; Clerk, John Fleming; Treasurer, James McCord. 1832.—Trustees, William Grafton, Isaac Morgan, Joshua Coupland; Clerk, Jesse Phillips; Treasurer, R. L. Fleming. 1833-34.—Trustees, James McCord, Mathew Black, George Burns; Clerk, Jesse Phillips; Treasurer, R. L. Fleming. 1835.—Trustees, James McCord, Samuel McLaughlin, John McKaig; Clerk, Robert Sloan ; Treasurer, R L. Fleming. 1836.—Trustees, Samuel McLaughlin, John McKaig, Joseph Williams; Clerk, James Tritt ; Treasurer, Robert Sloan. 1837.—Trustees, Samuel McLaughlin, Joseph Williams, Washington Gayer; Clerk, James Tritt; Treasurer, Robert Sloan. 1838.—Trustees, Washington Gayer, Samuel McLaughlin, James McLaughlin ; Clerk, Hugh McCord; Treasurer, Robert Sloan. 1839.—Trustees, Samuel McLaughlin, Joseph McLaughlin, John Fleming ; Clerk, Henry H. Phillips; Treasurer, Robert Sloan. 1840.—Trustees, Samuel McLaughlin, Jos. McLaughlin, Jas. McCullough; Clerk, Hugh McCord ; Treasurer, Robert Sloan. 1841.—Trustees, Jas. McCullough, Jos. McLaughlin, Mathew Lowden; Clerk, Jesse Phillips; Treasurer, Gottleib Nothdurft. 1842.—Trustees, Jas. McCullough, Mathew Lowden, Robert Sloan ; Clerk, Jesse Phillips; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1843.—Trustees, Jas. McCullough, John Fleming, Jas. McCord ; Clerk, Jas. B. Morrison; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1844.--Trustees, Jas McCord, John Fleming, John Fife; Clerk, J. S. Sloan ; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1845.—Trustees, George Burns, Mathew Anderson, John Morgan; Clerk, J. S. Sloan; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1846.--Trustees, John Morgan, Mathew, Anderson, Robert Travis; Clerk, Edward Gayer ; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1847.—Trustees, John Morgan, Mathew Anderson, Henry Kepner; Clerk, Peter Tritt; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1848.—Trustees, John Morgan, Jas. B. Morrison, Thos. Roseburg; Clerk, Peter Tritt ; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1849.- -Trustees, Jas. McCullough, John Fleming, John Brown; Clerk, Peter Tritt ; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1850.—Trustees, John Fleming, Jas. McCullough, Hugh McCord; Clerk, J. S. Sloan; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1851-52.—Trustees, John Fleming, Jas. McCullough, Henry Kepner ; Clerk, Hiram Nothdurft ; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1853.—Trustees, Jas. McCullough, John Brown, Peter Tritt; Clerk, Hiram Nothdurft; Treasurer, G. Nothdurft. 1854.—Trustees, James McCullough, John Brown, Wm. Ferguson; Clerk, Peter Tritt ; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1855-56.—Trustees, John Fleming, Wm. Ferguson, Michael Curran; Clerk, John Robinson ; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1857.—Trustees, John Fleming, Wm. Ferguson, Michael Curran; Clerk, John Nothdurft ; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1858.—Trustees, Jas. McCullough, Thos. McCord, Thos. F. Patterson ; Clerk, John Nothdurft; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1859.—Trustees, George McLaughlin, Thos. McCord, Thos. F. Patterson ; Clerk, Robert Morrow ; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1860-62.—No record. 1863.—Trustees, Jos. L. Forbes, Lewis Williams, John McMillin ; Clerk, John Nothdurft; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1864.—Trustees, Wm. Todd, John McMillin, David Patterson; Clerk, John Nothdurft; Treasurer, Thos. D. Stuart. 1865-66.—Trustees, Thos. McCord, Jos. L. Forbes, Geo. McLaughlin; Clerk, John Nothdurft; Treasurer, T. D. Stewart. 1867-68.—Trustees, Alex. C. Roley, Jos. Benner, John Kerr ; Clerk, Wm. A. Sheehan ; Treasurer, Hugh McCord. 1869.—Trustees, Thos. D. Stewart, Lewis Williams, James G. Donaldson; Clerk, Wm. A. Sheehan ; Treasurer, Hugh McCord. 1870.—Trustees, Thos. D. Stewart; Lewis C. Williams, James G. Donaldson ; Clerk, Wm. A. Sheehan ; Treasurer, James G. Donaldson. 1871.—Trustees, James G. Donaldson, Wm. Ferguson, T. B. Patterson; Clerk, William A. Sheehan ; Treasurer, James G. Donaldson. 1872.—Trustees, Thomas D. Stewart, David Patterson, Lewis C. Williams; Clerk, Harvey Davis; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1873.—Trustees, Israel Irwin, John Fleming, Lewis Williams; Clerk, David Todd; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1874.—Trustees, Hugh McCord, John Fleming, Israel Irwin; Clerk, D. W. Todd; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1875.—Trustees, T. D. Stewart, Israel Irwin, Thos. Fleming; Clerk, D. W. Todd; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1876.—Trustees, Alex. Roley, T. B. Patterson, Israel Irwin ; Clerk, Thos. Fleming ; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1877-78.—Trustees, T. B. Patterson, Jos. Benner, Israel Irwin ; Clerk, Thos. Fleming ; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. 1879.—Trustees, T. B. Patterson , Jos. Benner, Israel Irwin ; Clerk, Thos. Fleming; Treasurer, Samuel Ewing. VOTERS IN 1828. From an old record has b en compiled the following list of voters in Wayne townsh p in 1828: John McPherson, James Hoge, John Davis, ames Sharp, David Scattergood, Robert Urquhart, Allen McLain, Alexander Hoey, James Johnston, Francis Russl1, William Coburn, James Coburn, Samuel Hunter, James Bunter, Patrick McManus, Benjamin Scattergood, omas Patterson, Sr., Thomas Patterson, Jr., Samuel Grafton, William McClure, William Grafton, TOWNSHIP OF WAYNE - 269 Patrick McElhore, Henry Hull, William Hull, Peter Wilson, Nathan Mener, Alexender McGun, William Pumphrey, Jacob Dessellems, Alexender Flowers, John Roley, Robert Sloan, James Welch, oshua Patterson, Samuel Sloan, Joseph Campbell, Gottleib Nothdurft, John Allbright, John Shivers, James McCord, Peter Tritt, John Hutchinson, John Hull, James Jamison, James Morrison, Cornelius Sheehan, Edward Williams, James Sloan, John. McGaffick, Richard Davis, Hugh Ree, Lot Todd, Joseph Fox, Charles Close, John Hoey, William Milligan, Andrew Smith, David Rose, Samuel Hull, John Nille, Samuel McCoy, John Phelps, Alexander Dallas, James Brannon, Peter Dallas, James Rogers, Oliver Hutchinson, Richard Carey, William Wallace, Abram Daniels, Abram Figley, Bernard Murphy, Christopher Lesnet, Joseph Hutchison, John Patterson, Martin Chink, Francis Lucy, Robert Wallace, Mathias Smith, George Corcoran, James Stuart, Robert Long, William McHarg, Daniel Sheehan, Simon Figley, Mathew Black, Patrick McKaig, Gideon Gayer, Thomas Glass, James Donaldson, Alexander McGarry, John McKaig, Peter Coss, John McMillan, George McNelence, James Armstrong, Samuel Ramsay, Philip Ameck, Daniel Knepper, Martin Armstrong, Joshua Coupland, Daniel McAllister, Hector McAllister, Alexander Shields, Henry Benner, John Farmer, Benjamin Todd, Isaac Morgan, James Beer, Sr., James Beer, Jr., John Gilmore, Thomas Roseburg, William Morgan, John Morgan, Benjamin Daws, David McDivitt, Mathias Louden, J. R. Snodgrass, William Forbus, Henry Beck, Peter Kountz, William Douglass, Samuel Kane, Ichabod Davis, Samuel Banks, Joseph Willyard, William Amen, Anthony Amen, George Farmer, Jacob Ellwell, Thomas Pollock, Christopher Williams, Alexander Todd, Samuel Shivers, William Crawford. CHURCHES. BETHEL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first Presbyterian minister to perform stated labor in Wayne township was Rev. James Robertson, a graduate of St. Andrew's University, Edinburgh, Scotland, who began in 1818 to preach within the present bounds of the Bethel congregation. He preached two Sabbaths in each month, occupying a tent for public worship in the summer, and dwelling-houses in the winter. The tent was put up on a field now owned by Rev. Robert Hays, and then near where William Grafton lived. Mr. Robertson was an earnest, faithful worker, and labored with much success against such inconveniences as a want of church organization, extended journeys over bad roads, and a generally crude condition of civilization. In 1821 a church organization was effected as a branch of the Yellow Creek congregation of Madison township. The early church records having been lost, a list of the original members is not obtainable, but it is known that Andrew Adams, Thomas Patterson, James Welch, and Richard Gilson were the ruling elders chosen at the organization. Directly upon that event, it was of course deemed necessary to have a house of worship, and, Thomas Patterson donating two acres of land for a grave-yard and church site, a double-hewed log house was, by the united efforts of the members of the congregation, erected upon the spot now occupied by Bethel church. Oct. 22, 1823, in response to a petition of the Bethel congregation, the Presbytery of Hartford adopted a resolution as follows : " Resolved, That the congregation of Yellow Creek be divided, and that that part of the congregation where the new meeting-house is built be known by the name of Bethel congregation, and that Rev. James Robertson be considered the stated pastor of that congregation." The name of Bethel was originally chosen in honor of a church of that name in the Pittsburgh Presbytery, and Mr. Robertson, who was called. had all along been preaching for the congregation. He organized the church of Bethesda, in Franklin township, and until 1827 preached for that and Bethel congregation. The joint membership of the two churches was 202 in the year 1825, previous to which there had been spirited revivals and liberal accessions to the church membership. Mr. Robertson retired from the pastoral charge at Bethel in 1827, and, continuing his ministry elsewhere until 1848, retired from active life in that year, and in 1856 died, in the eightieth year of his age, at the house of his son-in-law, George Sloan, with whom he had passed his declining days. From 1827 to 1835 the church depended upon stated supplies and such as could be best obtained. Revs. John Cook, Thomas Hughes, Nims, Dunlap, Harper, John B. Graham, James Cahoon, and others occupied the pulpit to 1848, Mr. Graham having served as pastor for thirteen years. In 1843, Robert Travis and John McDonald were added to the eldership, which included also the four elders who were selected at the church organization in 1821. Following Mr. Graham, the preachers at Bethel were Revs. M. E. Johnson, who labored from 1848 to 1849, and Rev. Robert Hays, the present pastor, who was settled in 1850, and who for a period of thirty years has uninterruptedly served the congregation. In 1852 the old church-building was succeeded by the substantial frame edifice now in use. In 1854, the church membership, which in 1850 was but 30, had risen to nearly 100. In that year, John Roley, Angus Noble, Richard Gilson, and Andrew S. McIntosh were added to the eldership ; in 1865 the additions were Alexander McIntosh, Daniel Grafton, Daniel Rose, Hiram Nothdurft, Alexander Roley ; and in 1871, William Gilson, John Nims, Thomas B. Patterson, and William T. Cameron. The church has now a membership of 230, and is exceedingly prosperous. LEBANON UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Upon an application being made to the Monongahela Presbytery for one of their number to administer the Lord’s Supper and organize an Associate Reformed congregation in Wayne township, Rev. James Brown was delegated, and Aug. 12, 1821, in a grove near Mrs. Fleming’s house, in Wayne township, the organization of Lebanon congregation Associate Reformed church was formed. The Session consisted of Rev. James Brown as moderator, and Elders William Miller, .John Homer, Isaac Buchanan, John Walker, and John Collins. The following persons were then admitted to communion : David McKinley, Charles and 270 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Elizabeth Spence, James and Mary Jamison, Andrew Scott, John and Mary Black, Samuel McCoy, Alonzo and Mary McLain, Samuel and Jane Hunter, Abigail Fleming, Elizabeth and Mary Black. William and Harriet Armstrong, Elizabeth and Hannah McCoy, Anna, Elizabeth, and Anna Maria McMillan, Mr. and Mrs. William Bindsley, William Wallace, Margaret Bindsley, Margaret Patterson, Mrs. McCoy. Aug. 15, 1831, James Jamison and William Armstrong were chosen elders. At the second communion, held at the house of the Widow Fleming, Thomas and Elizabeth McQuoid, John and Margaret Bindsley, and William and Jean Robertson were admitted to membership. The first preachers were Rev. James Brown and James Walker, and the first called pastor Rev. John Donaldson. William Bindsley was chosen an elder in 1838, and in 1842 the additions were John Young and John McMillan. The second stated pastor was Rev. Ww. H. Jamison, and after him Revs. James Golden, I. N. White, and H. H. Brownlee, the latter being in charge June, 1879, when the membership was 60. Preaching was for some time held in a grove and at Mrs. Fleming's house, until the erection of a small frame church, near the site of the present edifice, which was erected in 1858. The present elders Ore John McMillan, Robert MeQuoid, D. D. McIntosh, Samuel Ewing. PLEASANT GROVE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. In 1837, Joseph Paxto ,a blacksmith of Elk Run township, began to preach occasionally at the house of Thomas Cross, in Wayne township, to a company of people who worshiped as members of the United Brethren church. Cross lived north of John Fleming's, where John Patter. son now resides. Paxton, Alexander Biddle, and others preached at Cross' house about two years, and then changed the place of worship to the house of Peter Coss, who lived upon the place now occupied by John Rule. Isaac Crubaugh was the first class-leader of the United Brethren organization, which, not long after the transfer to the house Of Peter Coss, was reorganized as a 'Methodist Episcopal congregation, with Peter Coss as class-leader. A log church was built upon the latter's farm, and there services were held until 1848, when the present church-building was put up. Latterly the congregation has not met for worship at the church, save at irregular and lengthened periods, owing to the difficulty of obtaining preachers in a circuit (the Hanover) already taxing to its utmost the powers of the preachers assigned thereto. The present trustees are John McGeehan, David McDevitt, Samuel Williams, Wm. Patterson, and Wm. McGaffick. The last class-leader was Harrison Benson. The first Methodist Episcopal preaching in Wayne was held in 1825, at the house of Gideon Gayer, now occupied by Joseph Bindsley. There was preaching there every fortnight until about 1840, when the members of the congregation generally joined the Pleasant Grove congregation. SCHOOLS. Schools were properly regarded as necessaries, and soon after settlers began to multiply measures were taken to look after the education of the young. The first teachers were McClurg, Hugh Lee, David Holt, and David McDonald ; after whom came Hugh Reid, Wm. Dunn, Joseph Hunter, Erastus Lee, a deaf man, and Jessie Robertson. Mr. Lee was noted as an excellent teacher and a wonderfully accomplished penman. A famous school-teacher was " old man Powell," a white-haired, white-bearded old man, who taught in 1827. Besides his duties as pedagogue, he followed also the business of making walking-sticks, which he supplied in considerable numbers to his aged neighbors. Wayne now enjoys liberal educational advantages, and six district schools provide for the rising generation an abundant fund of preliminary education. POST-OFFICES. Gayer and West Beaver are the two post-offices in the township. At the first named, Robert L. Fleming was the first, postmaster, and after him officiated Samuel Ewing, George Elliott, Wm. O. McCord, and Jas. Trunick. The post-office at West Beaver was established in 1849, when Wm. Phillips was appointed postmaster, after whom the appointees were David McLean, John Robinson (1853 to 1861,) Robert Morrow, and John Robinson (present incumbent, second term), from 1863 to this time, and still in office. CEMETERIES. The first burial-ground laid out for public use was the one now adjacent to Bethel church, for which Thomas Patterson gave the land in 1821. The first white person who died in the township was James Armstrong, who, in 1807, lost his life by a congestive chill, consequent upon a bath in the creek. A solitary grave, marked now by a clump of bushes, near where the first township school-house stood, is where John Roley buried a child in 1820. The land has been plowed times without number, but that spot has remained undisturbed all these years. The first person buried in Bethel church-yard was one McCartney, a crazy man, who after a roaming existence of careless freedom, died in the confinement which his symptoms of violence demanded. Besides the cemetery at Bethel church, there are cemeteries also at the Methodist Episcopal and Lebanon United Presbyterian churches. JUSTICES OF. THE PEACE. The justices of the peace who have served in Wayne from the organization to the present time-, 187, have been John T. Parker, Patrick McKaig, Thomas oseburg, John Shivers, Isaac Morgan, James McCord, John Robinson, Samuel Ewing, and David W. Todd. VILLAGES. Wayne has within its limits no villages, although there are two postal stations, knOwn as Gave s and West Beaver. Gavers, named in honor of Gideon Ga er, an early settler, has a store, but with that its semblance to a village ceases, since the neighboring dwellings are all farm-houses. WEST LOCATION—NATURAL FEATURES. THE township of West, No. 16 north, range 5 east, is bounded as follows : north, by Knox township ; east, by Hanover township ; south, by Carroll County ; and west, by Stark County. Among the natural curiosities of the township is the watershed which separates the waters of the. Tuscarawas and Mahoning Rivers. On the farm of James Reed are several springs, from the principal of which the family obtain their supply of water. It is located in the cellar of his dwelling. Thence the water takes an easterly course for nearly half a mile to what is known as " Gimlet Hill," near Chambersburg. At the foot of the hill the water separates, about one-half of its volume coursing southward, joining the Big Sandy, thence the Tuscarawas, and eventually reaching the Ohio River through Muskingum at Marietta. The other branch flows northeasterly through North Georgetown, Alliance, Warren, Trumbull County ; thence via Youngstown to the Ohio, near Beaver, Pa. The whole township is well drained by the Mahoning River and its numerous branches on the north, the Big Sandy and tributaries of the Tuscarawas on the westNand south. The surface of the land is undulating, and in soe localities quite hilly, but not sufficiently so to be terme mountainous. The greatest elevation is attained in the vicinity of Chambersburg, oh sections 9, 10, 15, and 16. EARLY SETTLEMENT. Of the pioneer families of West township, that of Michael Sanor was the first in the northern part. He was a native of Westmoreland Co., Pa., and come to West early in the spring of 1804. In his family were eleven children,—Julia, who married Daniel Mathias ; Catharine, who married Jacob Lower ; Jacob ; Mary, who married John Sentz ; Michael ; Susan, who married Christian White-leather ; Elizabeth, who became the wife of John Wolff; George ; William ; Sarah, who married Adam Hahn ; and . John. Michael Sanor the elder was a Revolutionary soldier, and served under Gen. Washington. John Ruff, also a native of Westmoreland Co., Pa., purchased lands in section 3, and settled there in the spring of 1804, soon after the arrival of the Sanor family. The children were thirteen in number, nine of whom came with the family. They were Anthony, Christopher, Sarah, Jacob, Isabella, John, Polly, Jonas, and Daniel. Those born since the settlement in West were Samuel, Matilda, Nancy, and David. Another Westmoreland County family was that of Henry King, who settled on section 4 in 1804. His children were David ; William ; Christina, who married Abner Sheetz ; Henry ; Elizabeth, who married John Sanor ; and Samuel. David Smith entered and settled on section 11 in 1804. In his family were ten children, viz. : Susan, who married Frederick Zepernick ; Barbara, who married George Frederick ; Nancy ; Catharine, who married George Reamer ; John ; David ; Jacob ; Mary, who married George Catt ; Hettie, who married John Snyder ; and Betsey, who married Henry Thomas. On the 5th day of May, 1805, John Hahn, Jr., a native of Maryland, with two hired men, John Roger and Ludwick Bates, settled on section 8. Mr. Hahn brought a wife, but no children, to the township. They have had born to them since that time fourteen sons and daughters, most of whom died in infancy. John, the only surviving child of the family, lives at Moultrie, in West township. In 1806, Isaac Davis, a Virginian, came to West with a wife and four children,—Isaac, Jr., Mary, Eleanor, and David. Isaac, Jr., married Edith Richards ; Mary married Thos. Emmons ; Eleanor married Gilbert Blanchon ; David married Rachel John. Eleanor (Davis) Blanchon lives in Iowa, aged ninety-two years, and is the only child of Isaac Davis, the pioneer, now living. Rachel, the widow of David, still lives in West, aged eighty-eight years. In 1808 three families settled in West. These pioneers were William Harrison, John Freed, and John Hahn, Sr., father of John Hahn, Jr., above mentioned. William Harrison came from Monmouth Co., N. J., and located in Centre township in 1804, where he remained until 1808, when he removed to West, and settled on section 13. In his family were nine children,—Elizabeth, Rachel, Richard, Matilda and Edilda (twins), Achsa, and Mariam, all of whom came to West with their parents, and Susanna and William Henry, who were born in the township. Richard and William Henry Harrison both live in West. The children of Richard are Isaac, Edilda, Thomas, Ann, William, Edward, Rachel, John, and Joseph. The children of William Henry are Samantha, who married Milton Balmer; John, Benjamin F., Mary Ann, who married John Nagle ; William D., Janet, who married William Elton ; Frances E., who became the wife of David Fultze ; Susanna, who became Mrs. George Reamer ; S rah E., Jeremiah, Samuel Grant, and one who died in infancy. John Freed was a native of Fayette o., Pa., and came to West township in 1808, with a family of children, as follows : Abram, Henry, John, Barbara, ho married Joseph Messimore, Peter, Nancy, who married Jacob Freed, Betsey, who married Jacob Smith, and Jacob. John Hahn, Sr., a native of Maryland, settle in West township in 1808, bringing three children,—Caleb , Eve, who became the wife of Samuel Hiner, and Elizabeth. Jehu Coulson was a native of Virginia, but removed - 271 - 272 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. from that State to Fayette Co., Pa., at an early day. In 1811, Mr. Coulson, with a family of eight children; emigrated from Fayette County to Columbiana Co., Ohio, and settled in West township. The children were Uriah, Jehu, Jr., David, Jabez, Rachel, who married Benjamin Young, Jesse, Amos, Harvey, and Catharine, who married Samuel Smith. The last named three were step-children. Jabez Coulson is the only child of Jehu Coulson now living in the township. His age is eighty-two years. Jabez Coulson's children were Rachel, who became the wife of Jesse Bowersock, Joseph, Benjamin, Pine, who died in 1839, and John. Nathan Pine, John Messimore, and Philip Wolff settled in West township in 1812. Nathan Pine was a native of Chester Co., Pa., and settled on lands in section 12. Four children came with the family,—Garrett, Isaac, who 'flied in 1861, Lydia, who died in 1843, and Enos:- There have been born, since the settlement in. West, Lewis and Nathan. Of this family of children, Nathan alone now lives in the township. He married Hannah, daughter of David Davis. John Messimore came to West from York Co., Pa., bringing a wife and six children, viz. : John, Joseph, Jacob, Henry, George, and Catharine. Henry, the fourth and only son living, still resides in the township, and is the father of four children,—Elizabeth, who married Simon Bernard; Julia, who married Abram Wyman and died in 1868 ; Lavinia, who married „Ephraim Crowl ; and Jesse, who married Annie Gamble. Philip Wolff entered lands purchased from the government on section 13. He raised a family of several sons and daughters, all of whom were natives of the township. Philip Brenner, a former resident of Virginia, neat' Harper's Ferry, settled in West in 1813, bringing with him a family of children, viz.: Michael, Philip, Jr., Jacob, Polly, Peggy, John, and Samuel. Of these Michael and John live with their families in the township. Isaac Willis, the :second son of Joseph Willis, came to West township in 1819. In the latter part of the same year he went to Carroll Co., Ohio., where he died soon after his arrival. By his first wife he had five and by his second ten children. John Willis, his son, is the oldest living representative of the family in Columbiana County. John Willis married, first, Cynthia Shepherd, by whom he had one child. His second wife was Mary Crago, by whom he had six children. His third wife was Elizabeth Kelley, who bore him ten children, all of whom are now living. Among the pioneers of the township, whose settlement dates prior to 1820, there should be mentioned the following names: Andrew Barnes, Jacob Lower, Henry Betts, John Zepernick, Henry Barnes, Jacob Redmond, John Foulks, whose father built the first cabin on the present site of New Lisbon, and possibly others whose names have been forgotten, or who have long since removed from the township, concerning whom no reliable information or accurate date of settlement or removal can be obtained. Jacob Koffel, a native of Maryland, settled in West in 1823. In the family were several children,—George, John, Jonathan, Samuel, Sally, who married Henry. Messimore ; Barbara, who married Abram Roose ; and Betsey, who married Jacob Lozier. Joseph Summers settled in West in 1825. His children were Solomon, Daniel, Hannah, who became the wife of Eli S. Hoover; John, and Annie, who married Simon Sturkey. Of these Solomon, Daniel, and John Summers still live in the township. Joseph Willis, and Joseph, Jr., his son, settled in West in 1822. John Clark, with a family, settled on section 9 in 1831. Nicholas Kurtz settled in Centre township in 1808, where he lived until 1832. He then removed to ,West. He married Margaret Wiley, and brought to Columbiana County one child, David, who died in 1874. The children born since the* settlement were Michael, who died in 1832 ; Nancy, who married David Crowl, and died in 1865; Jacob, now living in Illinois; Thomas ; Susanna, who died in 1842; Daniel, who died in 1875; John, who died in 1849 ; Charles and William, both of whom are in the Western States. Taylor Wooley, of Chester Co., Pa., came to West in the spring of 1833 with his wife and two children, Rachel, who married Oliver Taylor, and George. In the latter part of 1833, Thomas Hawkins, of Washington Co., Pa., located in West. He raised a family of ten children, four of whom are now living. Two of these children, George, and Mary Ann Smith, wife of David Smith, still live in the township. Joseph II. Taylor, with his wife and one child, came to West in 1834. Mr. Taylor still lives at Rochester, and is seventy-five years of age. John Snyder became a resident of West in 1834. Eli Taylor came to e township in 1835. He married Susan Wooley, and rail d a family of children. The only representative of New York State among the early settlers of West township was Lewis McCoy, a former resident of Dutchess County. He came to the township in 1836. Mr. McCoy married Elizabeth Essick, daughter of Jacob Essick, of West township, by whom he had five children,—Hannah, who married Henry Smith, and died in 1877; Jacob E., Mordecai 0., William L., and Samuel B. ORGANIZATION. West was added to the list of townships of Columbiana County in 1816. The clerk's minute-book of proceedings shows the record of elections only since 1823. The records prior to this time were made and kept on loose pieces of paper, which have been lost or destroyed. At an election held. April 7, 1823, Jacob Ruff, John Senor, and Jacob Smith were judges ; David and William King, clerks. The trustees elected were ..Theo Smith, Jacob Senor, and Daniel Evans ; lister of property, William King. Since 1823 the clerks and treasurers have been as follows : CLERKS. David King, 1823; William King, 1824-36; George Reamer, 1836; Jesse Van Matre, 1837-38; William. King, 1839-46; J. R. Arter, 1846; Samuel Hershberger, 1847-4 ; Lewis McCoy, 1849; E. M. Colstock, 1850; James Sleutz, 18 1-52 ; Mordecai H. Logue, 1853; William Weaver, 1854; Ira Jennings, 1855; Philip Thoman, 1856; J. P. Thoman, 1857-59; . A. Whiteleather, 1860; Jonathan Weaver, 1861-62; J. H. Weaver, 1863; J. H. Miller, 1864; Eli Taylor, 1865-72; John L. Heim, 1872-73; Albert C. Smith, 1874; Eli Taylor, 1875; D. M. Burger, 1876-77; Jonah Wickersham, 1878-79. TOWNSHIP OF WEST - 273 TREASURERS. George McNally, 1823; David King, 1824; Jesse Van Mater, 1825— 34 ; Isaac Davis, 1834-35; John W. Davis, 1836; George Reamer, 1837; David Zepernick, 1838-39; Hugh Lee, 1840-41; David Zepernick, 1842-47 ; John Curry, 1847-51; Moses Davis, 185152; John Miller, 1853; John L. Hime, 1854; Henry Weaver, 1855; John L. Hime, 1856; William Essick, 1857; John L. Hime, 1858-61; Henry Sanor, 1861-62; G. S. Bentley, 1863-64; Levi King, 1865; Granville S. Bentley, 1866-72; Joseph H. Taylor, 1872-79; Harrison Emmons, 1879. ASSESSORS. Assessors were not elected until 1842, since which time they have been as follows : Alexander Anderson, 1842; John Orrison, 1843; John McDonough, 1844; James Cooper, 1845-46; Alexander Anderson, 1847-48; John Foulks, 1849 ; John Miller, 1850-53; James Sheetz, 1853— 54; John Walters, 1855; Henry Bates, 1856; Robert Crist, 1857— 58 ; David F. Lower, 1859; Robert Crist, 1860; David F. Lower, 1861; David Essick, 1862; Robert Crist, 1863; R. H. Garrigues, 1864; John Walters, 1865-66; La Fayette Foulke, 1867-69; John Walters, 1870-71; La Fayette Foulks, 1872; John Pieren, 1873; David Emmons, 1874-75; William McCoy, 1876-77; William Mitchell, 1878-79. VILLAGES AND HAMLETS. NEW ALEXANDER. Probably the oldest hamlet in West township is the little village of New Alexander. No positive record of its platting exists, but it must have been laid out about the year 1812. Originally, it comprised twenty acres of land, owned by David Smith, a pioneer of the township. A hotel was built there in 1818 and run by John Ritz. The sign of the Black Bear is still in the memory of some of the older inhabitants. John Ritz died about the year 1840. New Alexander was on the old stage-line road, and a halting-place of considerable note in its early days. The place has about fifty houses and a population of about 200. CHAMBERSBURG. Chambersburg was originally platted and laid out on the 20th day of December, 1828, under the proprietorship of Michael Coxsen, David Myers, George Ball, and William McMillon. As laid out it comprised the southeast quarter of section 9 and the southwest quarter of section 10. The map or plat was recorded Dec. 22, 1828. In June, 1842, the village plat was enlarged by including lands of Jonathan D. Koffel. Chambersburg is situated about three miles west from New Alexander, and is on the old stage-road of fifty years ago. An old hotel stood on the site of the village before it was laid out. It was kept by Samuel Miller until burned, about 1830. Mr. Koffel then built and ran a hotel at the village. At present Chambersburg has a tavern, store, and blacksmith-shop. Its population is about 100. ROCHESTER. The village of Rochester, before it was formally laid out, was a post-office station known as " Emmons Cross-Roads." Jacob St. Clair was postmaster there as early as 1828 or 1829. On the 25th of December, 1834, J. G. Williard, surveyor of Columbiana County, platted the original village of Rochester, under the proprietorship of Thomas Emmons 35 and Isaac Davis. An addition was made April 20, 1854, under, the direction of George Sloan, who made a further addition April 19, 1862. The post-office and station at this place, since its laying out, has been known as " East Rochester," to distinguish it from another place of the same name. The village is known as " Rochester," although it is also frequently designated East Rochester. The first store was kept by Jacob St. Clair, when the village was known as " Emmons Cross-Roads." It has but one general store at present. Joseph Coulson is postmaster and station-agent. LYNCHBURG. Lynchburg owes its existence to the construction of the Sandy and Beaver Canal. It is a namesake of the city of Lynchburg, Va. Eli Wickersham and Amos Preston were the original landholders, under whose direction the village was laid out. The first plat was made Dec. 4, 1834. An addition was made Dec. 26th of the same year by Amos Preston, William Hall, and Philip Wickersham. From the time of the abandonment of the canal Lynchburg dates its decline. On the 6th day of May, 1845, upon the petition of Owen Stackhouse, the Court of Common Pleas of Columbiana County ordered that forty-six lots, then within the village limits, be vacated. At present it has but little more to boast than a name. The village has a population of about 50. MOULTRIE. The hamlet of Moultrie was laid out in sections 7 and 8, Feb. 7, 1853. The survey was made in September, 1851. It comprised twenty-four lots, each 60 by 120 feet in size. John Foulks was proprietor of the lands ; the survey was made by J. G. Williard. The village is located on the line of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, to the erection of which it is indebted for its being. A store, mill, blacksmith-and wagon-shop comprise the business industries of the place. Its population is about 75. BAYARD. The village of Bayard is situate at the junction of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh with the Tuscarawas Branch Railroad. It was laid out and surveyed in April, 1852, under the direction of Cyrus Prentiss and James Farmer, who purchased the lands for the purpose. The village has two hotels,—the " Valley House," built about 1861, by John B. Milner, and now kept by John H. Huth, and the " St. Charles Hotel," built about 1867, by James M. Leith, and now conducted by Charles Blythe. Although Bayard has no manufacturing interests within its platted limits, it is a place of considerable importance as a post-office and a railroad transfer station. Alfred Jones is postmaster and station-agent. The village has a population of about 125. CHURCHES. West township has nine church societies, some of which held informal meetings prior to 1820, yet there is found but one church-building erected before that time. This was the old log church and school-house built for all public purposes in the year 1810 at New Alexander. This old pioneer building was torn down in 1840. The 274 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. members of the Society of Friends met for worship in the Old log school-house on section 35 as early as 1815. The Plains Disciples church, so called, about a mile southwest from Bayard, was built about 1830. Its location in that part of the township known as "the Plains" gave it this distinguishing title. The building was removed about 1845. Meetings of the Methodist, Presbyterian, Disciples, Lutheran, and other societies were held at different places and at irregular intervals, since which church societies have been formed, but no written or accurate record exists from which any reliable account of their organization can be obtained. MENNONITE CHURCH. The society dates its organization from about the year 1840, but had no place of worship until 1858. The church building is a small wooden structure on section 9. The society is small, having but about 15 members. BIBLE-CHRISTIANS CHURCH. The society of the Bible-Christians Church at New Alexander was organized about 1840 by a few persons then living in the vicinity of that village. The church-edifice was erected near the site of the old church and school-house built in 1810. Among the early pastors of the society were Revs. Robert Hawkins and John Sechrist. THE HIME'S CHURCH. This church was built and named in honor of John Hime, the donor of the land upon which it was erected. The premises were deeded to three trustees as representatives of the Presbyterian, Lutheran, and German Reformed societies, to be used by them in common. The first church was erected in 1842, but not sufficiently large to accommodate the growing societies. In 1873 the edifice was rebuilt. In connection with the church is a cemetery, which was laid out about the time the building was erected. METHODIST CHURCH. The Methodist Episcopal society at Rochester was organized in 1851. The early meetings were held in the old school-house in district No. 8. Among the early members of the society were John De Ford, John Hunter, David Bashaw, and Benjamin Haldeman. John De Ford was class-leader. This society continued about ten years, and then became extinct. In 1875 the new church-edifice, and the only one ever erected at Rochester, was built, and the society reorganized with Rev. Charles B. Henthorn as pastor. THE BIBLE-CHRISTIANS CHURCH. SOCIETY. This society is practically a branch of the Bible-Christians Church, with a slight modification in the name to distinguish it from the mother-church. This church society, numbering about forty persons, was organized in 1876, and holds its meetings in the old school-house near Rochester, that building having been fitted up for this purpose. DISCIPLES CHURCH. The Disciples society at New Alexander built their first church-edifice in 1870, although the church was organized prior to that time. Their early meetings were held informally, and no record of them was kept. The society at present numbers about 60 persons. SOCIETY OF FRIENDS. This society still exists in West, although it has no church-edifice in the township. A greater part of its members worship in the adjoining townships. The number of members of the Society of Friends in West is about 60. CEMETERIES. The oldest cemetery in. West is the Friends' burying-ground, in the south part of the township. It derives its name from the Society of Friends, by whom it was platted and laid out about 1815, although it has never been held for the exclusive use of that society. Nathan Pine, Sr., was buried there in the autumn of 1816. The New Alexander Cemetery was laid out in 1816, at about the same time that West was made a township. David Smith, a pioneer, donated the land for this purpose. The cemetery is about two acres in extent. The Plains Cemetery or burying-ground derives its name from its location on what is known as "the Plains," southwest of Bayard. It was laid out about the same time that the Plains church was erected, 1830. The Hime's Church Cemetery was platted at the time of the erection of the church-edifice. The land was donated by John Hime for the purpose. John Hahn was buried there in 1842. This was the first interment. Taylor Wooley reserved a quarter of an acre of land on his farm near Rochester for the purpose of a burying-ground. It was called the Wooley Burying-ground, and intended to be used for the family interments. It was laid out in 1854. Mr. Wooley was the first person buried there. This cemetery has not been kept private, and many persons not members of the family have been interred there. SCHOOLS. One of the first schools in West township was located on section 35, in 1811, or before. In 1812, Nathan Pine, the pioneer, taught the school. It was at the same time used for church purposes: In the Sailor neighborhood, so called, was a log school-house in 1816. The township school districts have been frequently changed since their original division. The greatest number at any one time was fourteen. The present number is nine. Each district comprises four square miles of land, so joined as to form a square. The school-house is located s nearly as may be in the geographical centre of each &pa e. The buildings themselves are, with but one or two exce tions, substantial structures, and especially adapted to the u e intended. The fund derived from section 16 has been devoted to the improvement and enlargement of the buildings and property. The annual expense of maintenance is about $3000: Nearly $1000 of this amount is received from the State and the revenue derived from section 16. INDUSTRIES. The township of West contains over 22,000 acres of farm and grazing lands. Its many streams and excellent natural