(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) TOWNSHIP OF WEST - 275 drainage offer inducements to stock-growing that but few of the other townships of the county can approach. The water-privileges have also led to the erection of several saw- and grist-mills. The Davis mill, so called, north of Rochester, was built about 1820, by David Davis, son of Isaac Davis, the pioneer. This is one of the best-appointed saw- and grist-mills in Columbiana County. Mr. Davis for many years supplied the people of West and adjoining townships with flour and plaster made at the mill. The surplus over the amount needed for home consumption was sent to Cleveland, and there found a market. The property after many years passed into the hands of Baxter & Marshall. In 1878, Henry Wilhelm and Owen Stackhouse became proprietors of the mill. Milbourn's saw-mill, on section 9, was built in 1831, by Joseph Milbourn and Jacob Thomas. In 1878 the mill was rebuilt, but still retains its original name of " Milbourn's Mill." The present owners are Kelly & Albright. The tannery at Chambersburg was built about 1843, by J. D. Koffel. The changes in its ownership have been frequent. At present it is owned by Peter Cline. Snyder's mill, so called, was built on section 17 in 1845, by Jacob Snyder. It is now owned and operated by Messrs. Coldsnow & Miller, of West township. The Moultrie flour-mill was built by John Widle and George W. Newmacher in 1875. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. JOHN L. HIME was born Oct. 4, 1823, in Guilford township, Franklin Co., Pa. ; assisted his father (who was a blacksmith) at intervals in and about the shop from a very early age until in his seventeenth year. In the year 1840, the family, in company with those of three of his uncles, emigrated to Ohio. John Hime (the father) purchased 72 acres of what was then commonly called Hahn's section (section 8), in West township, Columbiana Co., where the subject of this sketch assisted in clearing up the farm, going to the district school during the winter term. When in his twentieth year, at the urgent request and solicitation of his father, but against his own inclination and desire, he went to Andrew Deppen, of New Franklin, Stark Co., to learn the trade of saddle- and harness-making ; he served two years and nine months for the sum of sixty dollars, washing, mending, and two weeks free each harvest. After learning his trade he taught school two terms of three months each in Paris township, Stark Co., and one term of four and one-half months in West township, Columbiana Co. Married Judith Crisinger, Oct. 20, 1849. Of this union were born two children, viz. : Mary E. and Anna S. Mary E. is married to a Mr. Burger. In 1849, John L. Hime located in New Chambersburg, and engaged in the saddle and harness business until the spring of 1864, when he moved on the northwest quarter of section 15, having purchased it two years previous of George Messimore. Has been postmaster at New Chambersburg from September, 1853, to April, 1864 ; has held the office of township treasurer five years, and clerk of the township two years. In politics is a Republican. The father of Mrs. Hime (John Crisinger) was born Jan. 8, 1806, in Somerset Co., Pa. Within a year after his birth his father moved to Columbiana Co., Ohio, and settled near Dungannon, on section 35, in Hanover township. John Crisinger resided here with his father until 1840, when he purchased one hundred acres of land in the northwest part of section 33, in Knox township, Columbiana Co., and resided there until 1873 ; he then sold his farm and purchased a house and lot in Moultrie, where he died of paralysis, August, 1874, in the sixty-ninth year of his age. During his residence in Knox township he held the offices of township trustee and township treasurer. In the early part of his life he united with the Lutheran church ; in later life he joined the Presbyterian. Politically a Democrat. In 1826 he married Salome Lindesmith, who is yet living. Had seven children,—four sons and three daughters,—two sons and three daughters yet living. The father of Mr. Hime (John Hime) was born in Northumberland Co., Pa., Oct. 24, 1794, and although his father was a school-teacher, the son was in school only four weeks, and that in a German school,—the German language being used exclusively in that neighborhood until within the last fifty years. John Hime worked on his father's farm, which was poor and rocky, until he was apprenticed to a blacksmith. After working at his trade four or five years he took to tramping, with a view of seeing more of the world, and settled in Franklin Co., Pa., where he subsequently married, and bought five acres of land and a house for nine hundred dollars. At the time of purchasing he had not one dollar to pay for his property, yet he managed to pay for it and save some money besides. Worked at blacksmithing for twenty-six years. Married three times,—first wife a Miss Burkholder, who died shortly after marriage ; second wife Catharine Lehman, who died in 1834, the mother of six children, two of whom survive, viz.: J. L. Hime and Mary Hahn ; third wife, Martha Burkholder, who died in 1854, the mother of five children, one only living at this time, viz. : Elizabeth Knight. John Himes died of paralysis in November, 1870, in the seventy-seventh year of his age. He was in politics a Democrat ; in religion a Lutheran. JOHN WALTER. The subject of this sketch was born in Adams Co., Pa., near Gettysburg, in 1811. He was the oldest son of Jacob Walter. Jacob Walter was married to Susannah, daughter of Jacob Rumble, in 1810 ; came from Pennsylvania about 1826, and settled in New Lisbon, Columbiana Co. ; he afterwards removed to Jay Co., Ind. Jacob Walter's family consisted of John (who inserts this sketch), Henry, Elizabeth, Peter, David, William, Catharine, Mary, Daniel, Washington, and Sarah. Of this large family all are living. John and Henry are living in West township, Columbiana Co, one in Kansas, and the other members of the family 276 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. are in Jay Co., Ind. Jacob Walter is of German descent. John Walter married Rebecca Willet, Feb. 1, 1835. By this union were born four children, viz. : Mary Ann, Benezette, Harriet, and Elizabeth. All living except Elizabeth, who died in 1871. Mrs. Rebecca Walter died April 23, 1844. John Walter married for his second wife Margaret, daughter of Jacob and Elizabeth Essick, Nov. 14, 1844. Their children were Sarah, Susan, John, William, Maria, Margaret, and Ella, all living. All married except two. John Walter has held the office of assessor and township trustee in the township in which he resides. He is a member of the Disciples church, and for many years has maintained his Christian profession with uniform consistency. In politics he is a steadfast and earnest Republican. John Walter remained at home with his father until he was twenty-two, working on the farm, and received during that time a common-school education. His first purchase was a lot in New Lisbon, Columbiana Co., where he built a house and lived until 1841. He then removed to West township, where he purchased a farm of eighty acres of land ; to this he has added from time to time, until he now has a beautiful farm of one hundred and eighty-eight acres. John Walter has spent the greater part of his life as a farmer ; for four or five years he worked at the weaving business. He is an industrious and economical farmer, fair and honest in his dealings with others, and one of whom it can be said he is a good citizen and neighEK. YELLOW CREEK THE township of Yellow Creek, lying partly upon the Ohio River, where that stream describes its great northerly bend, occupies range 2, is known as township 9, and contains nineteen full sections and four fractional sections, the latter lying upon the river. The boundaries are, Madison township on the north, Jefferson County on the south, Liverpool township and the Ohio River on the east, and Washington township and Jefferson County on the west. Except upon the river, the surface of the township is hilly and uneven, but the soil upon the highlands is fruitful, and richly-yielding farms are numerous. The interior streams are Big Yellow Creek and Little Yellow Creek, the former of which flows across the southwest corner, while the latter, a good mill-stream, crosses from northwest southeasterly and empties into the Ohio at Wellsville. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, following the river's course, touches at Wellsville, and emerges at the south, to re-enter the township in the southwest, where it passes diagonally across. Coal, iron-ore, fire-clay, water-lime, white sandstone, and flag- or building-stone are found in the township, and in many instances profitably utilized. In this region Nature has been profusely lavish in scattering the fruits of her most skillful handiwork, and on the hills and valleys which adorn the prospect the eye of the traveler may, in the pleasant seasons of the year, rest without wearying. EARLY SETTLEMENT. The land now occupied by the township of Yellow Creek was surveyed under government authority, together with adjoining tracts, by one Robert Johnston shortly previous to 1788. Johnston was to have $6 per day for his services, and at a government side of Ohio lands, held in New York in 1788, he took some of the lands in payment of his account, which amounted to $600. He receives about thirty townships in payment thereof, at the rate of 100 acres for $6. In 1795, James Clarke, of Washington Co., Pa., purchased of Johnston, at $6 per acre, 304 acres, upon which the village of Wellsville is now located. About this time Richard Vaughn and his son-in-law, George Clarke, "squatted" upon that part of James Clarke's purchase known as " the bottom," and put up the first log cabin built in the township (on what is now Sugar Street).. James Clarke, finding himself unable to meet the payments on his land-purchase, transferred it to his son-in-law, William Wells, in 1796. Mr. Wells lived in Washington Co., Pa., and in 1797 moved with his family to his new lands in Ohio. James Clarke retained about one-half of his original purchase until 1798, when he exchanged it with Mr. Wells for adjacent land which the latter had previously purchased. Before that event Clarke built a shingle-roof log house on what is the middle of Third Street, near its junction with Water, that house being the first of its kind built in the township. His first log cabin was the one built by Richard Vaughn on " the bottom" in 1795, and which Vaughn vacated when Clarke bought the land. Mr. Clarke was chosen to the Legislature in 1809, and continued to reside in the township until his death, which took place while he was visiting friends in Eldersville, W. Va., at which time he had reached his one hundred and fourth year. Before Mr. Wells took possession several persons besides Vaughn and George Clarke " squatted" upon James Clarke's land, among them being one James Watson, who raised a crop of corn, and one George Hill, who was the father of eighteen children. Hill located upon a small tract near where the car-shops of the Cincinnati and Pittsburgh Railroad Company are, but neither he nor Watson settled, since they—as well as some others, whose names are not attainable—simply passed the days upon the land in tilling it, and at night TOWNSHIP OF YELLOW CREEK - 277 crossed to the Virginia side of the river, where, in the government block-house, they took shelter. This block-house stood upon the site now occupied by the Arbuckle mansion, opposite Wellsville, and was one of the necessities, during and even after the Indian campaign which closed in 1795, to the protection of settlers against the approach of savages. Mr. Wells entered with a will upon the improvement of his lands, and July 15, 1797, received a commission as justice of the peace, signed by " Arthur St. Clair, governor and commander-in-chief of the territory northwest of the Ohio," his jurisdiction extending from the Muskingum on the west to Lake Erie on the north. He lived for years in a log house that stood in Wellsville, near the residence now occupied by John Burnet, corner of Sugar and Seventh Streets. Shortly after Mr. Wells' occupation, settlements were made by Adam Hickman, on the farm now occupied by the widow of J. A. McBane, Robert Doyce, adjoining Hickman, Alex. McDonald, on the farm now occupied by John McDonald, Thomas Swearingen, near the present car-shops, Dawson Swearingen, where Spring Hill Cemetery at Wellsville now is, and Robert Dobbins, upon the place now known as the Beane farm, and occupied by Richard Beane. Dobbins, who came from Beaver Co., Pa., was a machinist by trade, and directly after settling in Yellow Creek became a Methodist class-leader and exhorter, and shortly afterwards, as a Methodist preacher, rode the " circuit," upon which he remained until he reached his ninety-second year. The next settlements were made on the hills west of the river by Samuel Flowers, Daniel Maylone, Robert Strain, — Hooten, and his son James. Near Yellow Creek the settlers were John Scott, " Fighting Bill Wells," John Parsons, ___ Bassett, and — Knapp, the most of whom were salt-boilers. Knapp was a powerfully-built fellow, and when he first located, being forced into a fight with a person high in repute as a bruiser, he acquired a high standard of citizenship by completely crushing his opponent, and became thereafter much noted as a great fighter. In those days muscle commanded respect, and occasionally frolics, followed by a general knock-down fight, while they only briefly disturbed the harmony of the community of salt-boilers, called for the display of pugilistic abilities of no mean order, and a consequent high regard for men who could hit hardest. Salt-boiling on Yellow Creek was, in 1812, quite an industry, and in that year as many as twenty wells were sunk there, but more profitable discoveries elsewhere ended the business after a brief existence. Jacob Neisley, of Virginia, was among the early purchasers of land on Yellow Creek. He bought a tract in 1798 and gave it to his son, Jacob, who became a settler, although the elder Neisley always remained a citizen of Virginia. Nathaniel Meyers settled on Yellow Creek in 1798, as did — Emmons on " big bottom," upon a place subsequently owned by his son Isaac. About that time Robert Martin became a settler upon a farm bought by Richard Vaughn, after the latter's retirement from the land owned by James Clarke. About 1800 a few people came over to America from the Highlands of Scotland, and made settlements upon the tract now known as the Scotch settlement, covering a tract about ten miles in length and from three to five miles in width. The major portion of this tract is in Madison township, and a small part in Yellow Creek. Upon the portion in Yellow Creek the early settlers were Andrew McPherson (who lived to be ninety-nine), Alexander McBane, and one McLean, known as " the Prophet." McLean considered himself called to preach to all mankind the doctrine of the Covenanters, and by the exercise of his energies in that direction he managed to divide the members of the Scotch settlement upon religious questions, and for a time the Covenanters and Presbyterians were stirred by dissensions through the efforts of Prophet McLean, the Presbyterians having the benefit of the religious teachings of the Rev- Mr. Hughes. Andrew Smith, who was a justice of the peace, lived on the line between Yellow Creek and Madison, and was a man of much prominence. He was also a school-teacher, and taught school in a log school-house on Little Yellow Creek. " Big Billy McIntosh," who was an early settler, was famous as a fighter, and of him it is told that, in a fit of resentful fury for some fancied injury, he armed himself with a fence rail, went into West Beaver, and routed the entire community, whose members fled before the approaching vengeance of Billy's fence rail like chaff before the wind. Daniel Swearingen purchased considerable land in the township, but never settled. He gave a tract to each of his sons, and of their descendants the only one now living in Yellow Creek is George, his grandson. Abel Geer, an early settler, was known as "the crop-eared Yankee." He lost one of his ears in Connecticut under the law of that State requiring a man's ear as the penalty for certain misdeeds, and it is related of him that, being in a store in Ohio one day, he asked the storekeeper how much he would take for tobacco enough to reach " from ear to ear." The merchant thought ten cents would be about fair, whereupon Geer exclaimed, " Here's my right ear" (pointing to it), " and my left is nailed to a post in Connecticut ; now measure your tobacco." How the merchant got out of the bargain, tradition fails to explain. ORGANIZATION. Yellow Creek township was organized in 1805, in which year the tax levy was $57.60. The territory originally set apart to the township embraced, besides the tract now within the township limits, a row of sections on the south, which, in 1832, upon the erection of Carroll County, were apportioned to Jefferson County, to compensate the latter for the loss of territory set off from it to Carroll County. The early and subsequent township records are lost, and the list of persons who have served the township as trustees, treasurers, and clerks includes, therefore, only those who have acted from 1815 to 1835, and from 1856 to 1879, as follows : 1815.—Trustees, Wm. Wells, Daniel Smith, Moses Marshall; Clerk, Moses Marshall; Treasurer, Robert Martin. 1816.—Trustees, George Clark, John Ogilvie, Moses Marshall; Clerk, Moses Marshall; Treasurer, — 1817.—Trustees, George Clark, John Ogilvie, Henry Aten; Clerk, John Ogilvie; Treasurer, Robert Martin. 1818.—Trustees, Moses Marshall, Henry Alen, Isaiah Burson; Clerk, John Ogilvie; Treasurer, Robert Martin. 278 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. 1819.—Trustees, Thomas Gillingham, Richard Boyce, Henry Aten; Clerk, Richard Boyce; Treasurer, Robert Martin. 1820.—Trustees, Richard Boyce, Samuel Swearingen, William Smith ; Clerk, Richard Boyce ; Treasurer, Robert Martin. 1821.—Trustees, Elimelech Swearingen, Henry Aten, Daniel Smith ; Clerk, Daniel Smith; Treasurer, Robert Martin. 1822.—Trustees, Henry Aten, James Marshall, William McCullough ; Clerk, E. Swearingen ; Treasurer, James Wells. 1823.—Trustees, James Marshall, Henry Aten, E. Swearingen ; Clerk, Elimelech Swearingen ; Treasurer, James Wells. 1824.—Trustees, Wm. McCullough, Wm. Workman, Philip Smith ; Clerk, E. Swearingen ; Treasurer, James Wells. 1825.—Trustees, Wm. Workman, James Norton, Joseph Strain ; Clerk, E. Swearingen; Treasurer, James Wells. 1826-27.—Trustees, Wm. Workman, Joseph Strain, Nathaniel Myre; Clerk, E. Swearingen ; Treasurer, James Wells. 1828.—Trustees, Joseph Strain, John M. Jenkins, Robert Boyce ; Clerk, John S. Orin ; Treasurer, James Marshall. 1829-30.—Trustees, Nathaniel Myre, William McIntosh, Henry Aten ; Clerk, E. Swearingen ; Treasurer, James Marshall. 1831.—Trustees, John M. Jenkins, Samuel Swearingen, Daniel Smith ; Clerk, A. G. Maylone ; Treasurer, James Marshall. 1832.—Trustees, Nathaniel Myre, Thomas Swearingen, Allen McDonald; Clerk, A. G. Maylone; Treasurer, James Marshall. 1833.-Trustees, John M. Jenkins, Daniel Smith, Samuel Swearingen; Clerk, N. D. Swearingen ; Treasurer, James Marshall. 1834.—Trustees, E. Swearingen, Wm. Workman, Allen McDonald; Clerk, B. Crowl; Treasurer, James Marshall. 1835.—Trustees, Allen McDonald, Philip Smith, John M. Jenkins; Clerk, A. G. Maylone; Treasurer, James Marshall  * * * * * * * * 1856.—Trustees. John Noble, John House, Henry Cope; Clerk, Wm. G. Murdock; Treasurer, John S. McIntosh. 1857.—Trustees. Harmar Blackburn, John Noble, John House; Clerk, Wm. G. Murdock; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1858.—Trustees, John Noble, John House, H. Blackburn ; Clerk, Wm. G. Murdock ; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1859.—Trustees, John Noble, John House, H. Blackburn; Clerk, Wm. P. Carpenter; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1860.—Trustees, H. Blackburn, John Noble, Henry Cope ; Clerk, Wm. P. Carpenter ; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1861.—Trustees, Harmar Blackburn, Henry Cope, John House; Clerk, J. G. Buchanan ; Treasurer, Gillis McGregor. 1862.—Trustees, Harmar Blackburn, Henry Cope, John House; Clerk, Wm. G. Murdock ; Treasurer, Gillis McGregor. 1863.—Trustees, Duncan Smith, Alexander Denham, T. R. Vantyne; Clerk, Wm. P. Carpenter; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1864.—Trustees, Duncan Smith, Alexander Rogers, Wallace Fogo; Clerk, Wm. P. Carpenter; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1865-66.—Trustees, Duncan Smith, Alexander Rogers, Wallace Fogo; Clerk, Wm. G. Foster ; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1867.5—Trustees, Wallace Fogo, Alexander Rogers, W. C. Smith ; Clerk, W. G. Foster ; Treasurer, Samuel Cope. 1868-71.---Trustees, Wallace Fogo, Alexander Rogers, W. C. Smith; Clerk, W. G. Foster ; Treasurer, S. S. Cope. 1872.—Trustees, Wallace Fogo, Alex. Rogers, Wm. C. Smith; Clerk, Daniel S. Noble; Treasurer, S. S. Cope. 1873.—Trustees, Wm. C. Smith, Wallace Fogo, Samuel Pollock; Clerk, D. S. Noble; Treasurer, Samuel S. Cope. 1874.—Trustees, Wm. C. Smith, Harmar Blackburn, A. S. Fogo; Clerk, D. S. Noble; Treasurer, S. S. Cope. 1875.—Trustees, Michael Bowers, Harmar Blackburn, A. S. Fogo ; Clerk, T. R. Andrews ; Treasurer, S. S. Cope. 1876.—Trustees, Harmar Blackburn, J. C. Smith, A. S. Fogo; Clerk, T. R. Andrews. 1877.—Trustees, C. W. Paisley, A. S. Fogo, J. C. Smith; Clerk, T. R. Andrews; Treasurer, J. R. Martin. 1878-79.—Trustees, J. C. Smith, C. W. Paisley, H. Blackburn; Clerk, T. K. Andrews; Treasurer, J. R. Martin. WELLSVILLE. The village of Wellsville, charmingly situated upon the Ohio, which at this point flows towards the southwest, is the only incorporated village in the township of Yellow Creek, and indeed the only place where there is a collected settlement. It was here that the first settlers in the township located, and here William Wells bought the tract upon which the village now rests. Mr. Wells owned 304 acres, which reached from where the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad car-shops now are to the mouth of Little Yellow Creek, but did not lay out the town until 1820, when he named it Wellsville ; and, making sale of a number of building-lots, upon which several substantial dwellings were erected soon afterwards, the outlook for future prosperity was promising. Mr. Wells, besides serving as justice of the peace, was also a judge of the connty court at Steubenville until 1803. He was devoted chiefly to his farming interests, and in the early days of his settlement practiced the art of " bleeding" upon such of the pioneers as required the exercise of that feature of medical skill, although his ventures as a physician never went beyond that simple performance. In 1815, with his sun James,—who still resides in Wellsville, aged ninety,—he built on Little Yellow Creek the first saw-mill in the township, near where James Wells now lives. Previous to that date,—in 1806,— Daniel Swearingen built a grist-mill on Little Yellow Creek, upon the farm of his son Elimalech ; and in 1810, higher up on the same stream, Joseph Ritter built a grist-mill, upon the present site of John C. Smith's mill. A grist-mill was built in 1827 by Gwinn & Neff, near where Benjamin Way now lives, on Water Street. Gwinn had failed in a cotton-mill venture at Steubenville, and succeeded no better with his Wellsville grist-mill. Afterwards he achieved considerable distinction as a civil engineer in constructing the first railway built in Russia. In 1815, Robert Skillinger opened a ship-yard and began to build flat-boats. In 1817 the hull of the steamboat " Robert Thompson" was laid there, and boat-building became an important element in the industry of the place, flat-boats being the principal production. James, the son of Wm. Wells, followed the river and farmed occasionally, and was a hardy, industrious pioneer. Now, at the age of ninety, he is hearty, hale, and active, looking like a man of seventy instead of ninety, and it is his boast that he has never drank ardent spirits, never used tobacco in any form, and that for seventy years sunrise has never found him abed. With his father, he established the first ferry at Wellsville, and operated it many years. In 1814 a "mud turnpike" was constructed from Wellsville to New Lisbon, and that event led directly thereafter to a material increase of business at the former point. There the river was nearer the lake than at any other place, and, the opening of the turnpike affording means of convenient transportation from the interior to the Ohio of produce intended for shipment to market-towns, it was not long before Wellsville grew to be a busy, bustling depot, where large quantities of supplies were received from the country for shipment to river-points above or below. Flour was an important article of manufacture in the neighboring country, where grist-mills were plentiful, and in some years as high as 50,000 barrels annually were received, at TOWNSHIP OF YELLOW CREEK - 279 Wellsville for transshipment. Mr. Joseph Wells says he remembers having seen as many as 150 loaded wagons at Wellsville in a day, waiting turn to discharge freight for the river and to reload with merchandise for the interior. The height of business prosperity was enjoyed between the years 1832 and 1842, during which period the town controlled a large share of the river business of fifteen Ohio counties, including the Western Reserve, with its important cheese trade. To go back to early days, it may be noted that the first store in Wellsville was kept by Sanford C. Hill—afterwards a prominent citizen of East Liverpool—from 1814 to 1819. This store was at first an exceedingly small affair, and contained—to use an expression of an aged pioneer—" about as many goods as a man could carry in a basket." The next store, and the first one of any magnitude, was opened by Feehan & Shearman, who came down from Pittsburgh, both of whom were subsequently postmasters at Wellsville. George Wells had a large warehouse, measuring 200 feet in length, where William R. Wells' store now stands on Third Street, and for years transacted a heavy business in receiving and shipping freight. Robert Ralston was a steamboat-builder at Wellsville, and had three sons, one of whom became famous in after-life as William Chapman Ralston, the great California banker, whose tragic end was one of the sensations of the day. He and his two brothers attended school in the basement of the Methodist Protestant church, and were conspicuous as exceptionally bright lads. The first lumber-yard in Wellsville was opened by Allen McDonald, and the first tavern by Jonathan Whittaker, in 1800, on the line of the old State road (now Third Street), under the hill. The same tavern was afterwards kept by — Belden, who was a famous landlord for miles around, while his wife was thought to be one of the best cooks in the State. Belden was subsequently a Cleveland hotel-keeper of great repute. Upon the termination of the war of 1812, one McLean, who had been a surgeon in the service, settled in Wellsville as a medical practitioner, and was the first settled physician the town had. Earlier in life he was a Presbyterian preacher, and was accounted a fine orator. Before his time Drs. Curry, Long, and others practiced occasionally in Wellsville. The first blacksmith-shop in the township, and the second one in the county, was kept by John Robbins, and stood on Robert Dobbins' farm. The first blacksmith in Wellsville was one Jared Long, whose shop was at the east end of the town. William Wells, the founder of Wellsville, and from whom the town took its name, remained one of its prominent and most honored citizens until his death, in April, 1852, at the age of eighty-eight. He lived long enough to see Wellsville, the wilderness of 1798, a thriving and populous town, and in his later years enjoyed the comfortable ease to which the labors of his early manhood had entitled him. Wellsville had, for some years, between 1832 and 1842, a daily line of steamboat packets plying to Pittsburgh, and, in 1834, a daily stage connection with Fairport, on Lake Erie. The Ohio has at Wellsville, at all times, a fine stage of water of an average depth of 20 feet. The excellent landing-place afforded by the town contributed in no little degree towards making it a favored shipping-point. The population of the village in 1878 was about 2500, and, although the place has probably reached its greatest growth, it possesses elements that make that growth a substantial one. As a place of residence it is an exceedingly inviting spot. It has, upon the Ohio, a water-front of upwards of a mile, and, viewed from the stream or from the Virginia side, the village is most attractive. Water Street, upon the river's bank, is a prettily-shaded avenue, and is adorned with many handsome residences. From any portion of this thoroughfare the natural prospect is one of singular beauty. The green hills of Virginia frame in graceful form and color the picture of the silvery river, while above and below the town the course of the stream may be traced as it flows at the feet of the foliage-crowned elevations that shut it in upon either side. Wellsville is an important station on the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, which at this point has a branch line reaching from Wellsville to Wheeling, W. Va. The village contains seven churches, three hotels, a large pottery, the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad car-shops, iron-foundries, a terra-cotta works and minor manufactories, a weekly newspaper, and a large number of stores of various kinds, of which some are large and well-appointed business houses. Main Street, which is the chief business thoroughfare, is also, below the business centre, embellished with numerous attractive residences, Wellsville was incorporated as a village Feb. 6, 1833. The early village records being lost, the obtainable list of mayors, recorders, and trustees who have served the village dates from 1855, and is as follows : 1855.—Mayor, Benjamin Evans; Recorder, George Baker; Trustees, H. S. Wilson, N. K. McKenzie, David Ralston, Levi Hull, J. F. Moore. 1856.—Mayor, N. U. Walker; Recorder, George Baker; Trustees, J. F. Moore, H.S. Wilson, N. K. McKenzie, Jacob Stewart, P. F. Geisse. 1857.—Mayor, N. U. Walker; Recorder, William L. Clarke; Trustees, P. F. Geisse, J. F. Moore, H. S. Wilson, Jacob Stewart, Thomas P. Leonard. 1858-59.—Mayor, N. U. Walker ; Recorder, W. P. Carpenter; Trustees, Alexander Smith, H. S. Wilson, P. F. Geisse, William Blakely, Jacob Stewart. 1860.—Mayor, Jacob Gibbons; Recorder, W. P. Carpenter ; Trustees, William Blakely, Alexander Smith, William A. McIntosh, Alexander Denham, John Lawrence. 1861.—Mayor, William G. Wells; Recorder, William M. Hamilton ; Trustees, Alexander Denham, Alexander Smith, John Lawrence, William Blakely, W. A. McIntosh. 1862.—Mayor, William G. Murdock ; Recorder, William M. Hamilton; Trustees, Alexander Denham, Alexander Smith, William Blakely, J. A. Riddle, F. R. Vantyne. 1863.—Mayor, Asa H. Battin; Recorder, John R. Stokes; Trustees, William Blakely, William Bright, James T. Smith, Samuel Stevenson, H. S. Wilson. 1864.—Mayor, Asa H. Battin ; Recorder, Laughlin McLean; Trustees, J. A. Riddle, James T. Smith, Samuel Stevenson, F. R. Vantyne, John W. Vinacke. 1865.—Mayor, A. H. Battin ; Recorder, E. H. Ayers; Trustees, J. W. Riddle, P. F. Geisse, Alexander Smith, 0. L. Lodge, W. Lawrence. 1866.—Mayor, S. B. McKenzie; Recorder, William G. Torrance; Trustees, W. G. Wells, William Blakely, Cyrus Bartholomew, John N. Burnett, Alexander Smith. 280 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, 01110. 1867.—Mayor, S. B.     Kenzie; Recorder, W. G. Torrance ; Trustees, W. G. Wells, William Blakely, John N. Burnett, Alexander Smith, Cyrus Bartholomew. 1868.—Mayor, S. B. McKenzie ; Recorder, William G. Torrance ; Trustees, William G. Wells, Cyrus Bartholomew, 0. L. Lodge, J. W. Hammond, James F. Smith. 1869.—Mayor, John C. Long ; Recorder, W. G. Torrance ; Trustees, Giles McGregor, William Blakely, J. R. Stoakes, John Salts-man, Alexander Denham. 1870.—Mayor, J. C. Long; Clerk, W. G. Torrance; Councilmen, J. R. Stoakes, Alexander Denham, Gillis McGregor, William Blakely, John Saltsman, Harmer Blackburn. 1871,—Mayor, J. C. Long; Clerk, W. G. Torrance ; Councilmen, Wm. Blakely, T. B. Stevenson, John Saltsman, Harmer Blackburn, Philip Frazer, Gillis McGregor. 1872.—Mayor, W. G. Wells ; Clerk, W. G. Torrance; Councilmen, T. B. Stevenson, Philip Frazer, Gillis McGregor, E. S. May-lone, J. R. Stoakes, H. Blackburn. 1873.—Mayor, W. G. Wells; Clerk, W. G. Torrance ; Councilmen, J. R. Stoakes, H. Blackburn, E. S. Maylone, Thomas B. Stevenson, Wm. M. Hamilton, J. W. Stevens. 1874.—Mayor, Samuel L. Fisher; Clerk, W. G. Torrance ; Councilmen, Thomas B. Stevenson, Wm. M. Hamilton, J. W. Stevens, George B. Aten, George B. Cooper, T. G. Hammond. 1875.—Mayor, Samuel L. Fisher ; Clerk, W. G. Torrance; Councilmen, T. G. Hammond, George B. Cooper, George B. Aten, John R. Martin, John C. Catlett, Philip Bruner. 1876.—Mayor, Samuel L. Fisher ; Clerk, W. G. Torrance; Councilmen, Philip Bruner, John C. Catlett, John R. Martin, G. B. Aten, George B. Cooper, 0. C. Sinclair. 1877.—Mayor, Samuel L. Fisher; Clerk, W. G. Torrance; Councilmen, O. C. Sinclair, George B. Cooper, George B. Aten, Philip Bruner, John C. Catlett, John R. Martin. 1878.—Major, John C. Catlett; Clerks, W. G. Torrance and D. D. Davidson; Councilmen, John R. Martin, Philip Bruner, J. T. Smith, 0. C. Sinclair, George B. Cooper, George W. Menough. 1879.—Mayor, John C. Catlett; Clerk, D. S. Brookman; Councilmen, Philip Bruner, J. T. Smith, J. R. Martin, 0. C. Sinclair, George B. Cooper, George W. Menough. CHURCHES. FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. At a very early date the Presbyterians of what is now Wellsville—as early as 1800—enjoyed occasional preaching, and among the first preachers they heard was Rev. George Scott, one of the first Presbyterian ministers known to the region west of the Alleghenies. Mr. Scott, and perhaps others, preached in the house of Mr. George Wilhelm, on the Virginia side of the river, opposite Wellsville, and at a later date Thomas E. Hughes, Mr. Hale, and other occasional supplies preached at Wellsville, in the woods and in tents during the summer seasons, and in winter in the school-houses. The brick school house erected on Main Street in 1829 was used in common by all religious denominations, and in 1833 the First Presbyterian society built a brick house of worship, on the river bank where McGregor's saw-mill now stands, which house they occupied until they built a new brick church, in 1852, on the site of the present one. The old house was afterwards used by John Urie for a machine-shop and threshing-machine factory, and was destroyed by fire. The second church-building was burned Aug. 27, 1869, and on the following day the erection of the present fine temple of worship was commenced. The church was organized October, 1832, in the town school-house, The original members were Mary and Eliza Hughes, John McLain, Sarah A. Jackson, Nancy Murdock, Elizabeth Creaton, Sarah Noble, Jane Anderson, H. 3. and Elizabeth Hamilton, William and Maria Workman, William McCullough, William Travis, Elsie Travis, Polly Webber, Thomas B. Jones, William and Margaret Hibbits, Pleasant Rough, Jacob McDevitt, John and Mary Allison, Mary Aten, Robert Martin, Mary Hibbits, Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Hamilton, Margaret Hibbits, Ann Putnam, Penelope Ray, Isaac Putnam, Matilda Wilhelm, James Martin, and the first elders, Alexander McBeth, John Mitchell, and George Johnson. The stated pastors of the church have been Revs. Thomas E. Hughes, William Orr, Thomas Magill, John M. Lowry, Thomas B. Gordon, William W. Lafferty, Thomas McCurdy, J. Wickoff, John Meloy, and S. M. Davis, the latter being now the pastor,—May, 1879. The church has a membership of 300, and owns, besides the church-building, which cost $18,000, a fine parsonage, erected at an expense of $4500. The society was incorporated Jan. 11, 1833. The first trustees were William McCullough, H. J. Hamilton, Wm. G. Murdock, Henry Aten, and Wm. Hibbitts. THE METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH OF WELLSVILLE was founded upon a class that was organized about the year 1800 by Rev. John Callahan, who, sent out by the Baltimore Conference, had preached to the Methodists shortly before the date of organization. The organization took place in the house of William Wells, and among the original members were William and Ann Wells, Robert and Jane Dobbins, Samuel and Eliza Flowers, and William and Margaret Richardson. This class is supposed to have been the first one organized in Ohio. Among the early preachers were Revs. Benjamin Essex, Jesse Stoneman, Geo. Askins (a lame man), James Reid (a very popular young preacher), James Charles, Thomas Church, James Watts, Henry Baker, and John Seisel. The earliest class leaders were William Wells and Robert Dobbins. Preaching was for some years held in Mr. Wells' residence, and in a shingle-roof log house built by James Clark. Later on, the circuit preachers who tarried at Wellsville were Revs. William Knox, Joseph Hall, and John Desellems. The active progress of church matters was irregular and feeble until 1826, when Rev. B. 0. Plympton responded to a call, and early in that year held services in the potter's shop of Joseph Wells, where a class of ten persons was organized, among them being George and Sarah Gibbons and George Kearns and his wife. Mr. Wells' shop was used as a place of public worship until 1827, when, in common with other denominations, the Methodists occupied a brick school-house erected by the town that year. In 1833, William Wells donated to the society a lot, and upon it in that year a plain but substantial edifice was erected. The second church, a structure of considerable architectural pretensions, and said to have been the largest church-building in Wellsville, was dedicated Oct. 25, 1877, the dedication sermon being preached by Rev. Dr. Barrows, president of the Pittsburgh Female College. In 1874 the church was enlarged and remodeled, at a cost of $3000, into its present form. The pastors who have served the church since 1833 are TOWNSHIP OF YELLOW CREEK - 281 names as follows Revs. Alcinus Young, ____ Mahon, Marcellus Ruyter, David Sharp, John White, J. J. Swazee, Lewis, Burton, John Spencer, Thomas McGrath, N. Callender, Cornelius Jackson, M. P. Jamison, J. Gibson, T. McCleary, G. A. Lowman, E. T. Fletcher, A. L. Petty, A. J. Endsley, Edward Burket, Samuel Babcock, Stephen Minor, James Henderson, J. M. Carr, H. Hollingshead, J. Conkle, Lewis Payne, the latter being the present pastor. METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH. This church was organized, in 1829, in the house of Mr. Joseph Wells, by Rev. Geo. Brown. Of the ten original Members, the names of eight are as follow : Joseph and Hezekiah Wells, Christopher and Sarah Murray, Nicholas Murray, Wm. Senter, George and Sarah Gibbons. In 1833, the congregation having previously worshiped in the town school-house, a house of worship was built which, as enlarged and improved in 1878, is the one now used. Mr. Joseph Wells, in whose house the church was organized, and who is one of the original members, rang the church-bell and swept the church every day for a space of forty years, and is still living in Wellsville at the age of eighty-one. He is an active and zealous member of the congregation. The pastors who served the church while it was in the circuit were Rev. Wm. Reeves, Mrs. Wm. Reeves, his wife (who occupied the pulpit once each month during her husband's ministry), Rufus Richardson, Edward Poulton, and Jeremiah Browning. Then the church became a mission point, and the subsequent pastors were Revs. W. W. Arnot, Washington Maynard, Thomas Cullen, Joseph Ray, Wm. Hastings, Charles/ Callahan, Wm. Case, — Sears, John Hodgkinson, J. B. Wilkin, Wm. Baldwin, and David Truman, the latter being the present pastor. The church membership is now 120. THE DISCIPLES CHURCH OF WELLSVILLE was organized probably as early as 1838. The loss of early records leaves the matter of fixing the date of organization to partial conjecture, but it seems agreed that 1838 was about the time. Certain it is that there was preaching at that time and before, by Elder Mahlon Martin, about two miles north of Wellsville, in the dwellings of a few inhabitants. Among the original members at the organization in 1838 were George and Naomi Martin, Mahlon Martin and wife, John McDonald, Alexander Campbell and wife, Thomas Orin and wife, and Samuel Allaback and wife. In 1841 a hewn-log church was built upon the. farm now occupied by Hiram Cuppy, and then owned by his mother. About that time preaching was provided by William Beaumont, — Roudebush, Eli Ragal, and Mahlon Martin, the latter of whom was a merchant, and supplied when no other preacher could be secured. In 1845 the society transferred its location to Wellsville, and there in that year built a brick church, which in 1874 was replaced upon the same site by the present church. In addition to the preachers already named, the church has been served by Elders Israel Belton, George Lucy, Thomas Dyer, Thomas Hillock, D. J. White, Henry White, William Baxter, C. P. Cone, J. M. Van Horn, and N. P. Hayden. The church membership numbers 130. 36 THE OAK RIDGE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, having a domicile about four miles west of Wellsville, was organized in 1852, by members of the Yellow Creek church and the Presbyterian church at Wellsville, the reason for the organization of the new church being a desire for a house of worship nearer the homes of the members than were the two churches named. A church-building was erected in 1850, or two years before the church was organized, the original idea being to have a convenient house of worship, without any immediate reference to organization. The organization was effected by a session composed of Rev. John Price, as moderator, and Elders John McKenzie and John Huston. There were about 25 original members, of whom James Martin, Wm. C. Smith, and Wm. Workman were chosen elders. Previous to 1852 preaching was supplied from Wellsville and other points. The first settled pastor, in 1852, was Rev. John Price, who was succeeded by Revs. John Arthur, Dr. Brown, and David Hargest, who has been the pastor since 1872. The church has now a membership of 75. FIRST UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. The first religions services held in Yellow Creek by members of the Associate Reformed church, in connection with which the members of the United Presbyterian 'congregation worshiped, took place probably in January, 1847, although the absence of records bearing upon the matter leaves the fixing of the date to the uncertain authority of tradition. Before the organization of the church there were two communions, the first being held Aug. 17, 1847, and the second April 1, 1848. The former was conducted by a session appointed by the Associate Reformed Presbytery of Steubenville, and composed of Rev. Joseph Clokey (now D.D.) as moderator, and Elders D. D. McIntosh, Thomas Warren, and John Crawford. The members admitted to communion were sixteen in number, as follows : James and Hannah J. Stevenson, Alexander and Mary Denham, Robert and Harriet Ralston, David and Eliza Ralston, John and Sarah Crane, Alexander Rose and wife, John Robinson and wife, Thomas Robinson and wife. At the second communion, Thomas Arbuckle and wife, Isabella Smith, and Wallace Fogo were received as members ; and these, with the sixteen above named,—except John and Thomas Robinson and their wives,—were the members of the congregation upon the organization of the church, May 12, 1848. The organization was effected in the Methodist Protestant church-edifice by the election of Alex. Rose, Wallace Fogo, and Robert Ralston as elders, and on the 29th of the same month the organization was completed by the ordination and installation of the elders named. The Session which officiated at the organization was composed of Rev. John M. Galloway as moderator, and Elders Thomas Warren, John Crawford, and D. D. McIntosh. The congregation bore the name of the First Associate Reformed congregation of Wellsville, until the union of the Associate Reformed and Associate Presbyterian churches in 1858, since which time it has been known as the First United Presbyterian church of Wellsville. The first pastor was Rev. J. C. Campbell, who began 282 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. his labors in 1849, and since hindvs. Joseph Andrews, J. D. Brown, and J. A. Bailey have been the settled pastors. Mr. Bailey, now in charge, entered upon his term of service in 1877. After the organization, in 1848, worship was held in the Methodist Protestant church until 1850, when a church edifice, begun in 1849, was completed, the site being the one now occupied by the United Presbyterian church. The first church was a plain brick structure, which cost about MOO.' The one now used replaced it in 1872, and cost $16,000. The church membership on April 1, 1879, was 206. In addition to the elders already noted, those subsequently elected were George Imbrie and David Ralston in 1851, Wallace Fogo, James McKenzie, Sr., and James Stewart in Williamen the church was reorganized), William Urquhart in 1859, James. McKenzie, Jr.; in 1866, John McCarrell, and Noah Ellis in 1867, and Thomas B. Kerr, D. H. Harper, James L. McDonald, and J. R. Stoakes in 1874. The press are James L. McDonald, J. R. Stoakes, Wallace Fogo, James McKenzie, Jr., John McCarrell, Noah Ellis, T. B. Kerr, and D. H. Harper. THE CHURCH OF THE ASCENSION (EPISCOPAL) was organized in 1863 in the Methodist Protestant church, and after that worshiped in a public ball on Main Street, over Bright's drug-store. Previous to that date Mr. and Mrs. E. H. Ayer had organized an Episcopal Sunday-school at their residence, and afterwards transferred it to the hall. The school flourished, and in its early history numbered 120 scholars. The first rector of the church was Rev. John Lee, who was the assistant minister at St. Paul's, at Stubenville. His successors were. Revs. ____ Gilbert, Edward Hubbell, O. T. McMurphy, Thomas K. Coleman, John Long, and Philip McKim, the present rector. The public hall was used until 1870, when the present church-edifice was built, at a cost, for house and lot, of $6200. The parsonage, built in 1871, cost $1700. The church owns its house of worship and parsonage, and is clear of debt. An excursion to Cleveland, given for the benefit of the church in June; 1870, carried sixteen hundred people, and netted $2500. THE WELLSVILLE CATHOLIC CHURCH is now enjoying an era of prosperity, and owns, on Main Street, a fine and commodious brick church-structure, which was erected by Rev. P. J. McGuire in 1867. For many years, dating back to 1840, or earlier, the Catholics of Wellsville were able to enjoy only occasional and irregular worship in private dwellings. About 1850 services began to be held monthly by priests sent from Summitville, until 1876, when Rev. P. J. McGuire, who for ten years had been preaching at Wellsville and East Liverpool, was permanently stationed at East Liverpool, and has since that date been holding services each Sabbath, and at other times as occasion has demanded, in the church at Wellsville. The first mass held in Wellsville was conducted in the house of Mr. Patrick Butler, about 1838. by Rev. James Conlon, who was sent from Summitville. Mr. Butler's house served as a place of worship until about 1853, after which, until 1866, the house of Mrs. Oliver Thearman was the place where services were held, about once a month. Besides Rev. Mr. Conlon, above mentioned, preaching was provided in the early days by Revs. Stoker, Kennedy, Tighe, and others. SCHOOLS The first school in the- township was taught in 1800 by Richard Boyce in a log school-house built by William Wells, Robert Dobbins, and Edward Devore, the latter a colored man and one of the early settlers of Liverpool township. Mr. Wells agreed to contribute the pay for five pupils, and Devore agreed to send four pupils and pay for them. This was the start given to the school, which, be it noted, was located upon Robert Dobbins' farm, and for some years Richard Boyce and his brother Timothy taught it with considerable success. William Mash, a Welshman, was the next to teach in that school-house, and during his time, he achieved a famous reputation as a learned pedagogue and a strict disciplinarian. After Mash's reign a log school house was built near the river, and one on the farm owned by Henry Aten, where Alexander Brown was an early teacher. Richard Boyce taught in a school-house on William Foulke's farm, and in 1815 taught a school on the place now owned by John McDonald. Mention has already been made of one Andrew Smith a justice of the peace in the Scotch settlement, who taught school on Little Yellow Creek. The school-house stood on Smith's farm, now owned by Kerr. The union school now located in Wellsville was built in 1850, and was one f the first erected in the State after 'the passage of the union school law. It is a brick structure conaccommodaten rooms, with a capacity to accommodate 550 scholars, and cost $7000. At a popular election in May, 1879, it was decided that the town should have a new union school building, to cost $40,000, and to be completed early in 1880. According to the report of the township board of education for the year 1878, the township raised in that year $2617.60 for school purposes, owned $4000 worth of school property, and provided instruction for a daily average attendance of 125 scholars. NEWSPAPERS. In the autumn of 1835, Lewis Caton, who had been publishing the Snow Hill Messenger, in Worcester County, Md., was persuaded by Janice L. Vallandigham, through Dr. John F. Patterson, to transfer his office to Wellsville where, in the year named, he began to publish the Wellsville Commercial Advertiser, the pioneer newspaper of the town. Mr. Caton's office of publication was in a little brick building, still standing on Broadway, and known as the " Gibbons brick."Wm.was accompanied from Maryland by Wm. L. Clarke who had served him there, and Mr. Clarke enjoyed the distinction of setting the first stick of type for the Advertiser, and of pulling, from an old Ramage press, the first sheet of the first issue of the Advertiser, printed in October, 1835. The name of the new paper was suggested by the fact that at that time Wellsville was an important shipping- TOWNSHIP OF YELLOW CREEK - 283 point for the interior and occupied a place of considerable commercial prominence. After conducting the Advertiser until 1838, Caton disposed of the paper to Joshua Hart, and removed to Wheeling. Hart sold out in 1840 to McCartney & McBane, and, in 1841, McBane, purchasing McCartney's interest, changed the name of the paper to the American Patriot. In 1842, Wm. L. Clarke, who had been briefly engaged elsewhere, returned to Wellsville and bought out McBane. He called the paper the Wellsville Patriot, and published it successfnlly for a period of twenty-four years, or until 1866, when he discontinued it and removed to Maryland, where he published a paper until 1873, and then returned to Wellsville, where he now resides in retirement. Early in 1866, Geo. W. Foster came up from Steubenville and started the Wellsville Union, which in 1872 he sold to W. B. McCord, who in turn disposed of it in September, 1878, to Wiggins & McKillip, then largely engaged in the publication of Ohio directories. Meanwhile, in 1870, D. B. Martin began the publication of the Wellsville Local, which he continued until 1871, when he started the East Liverpool Gazette. The Wellsville Union, a thirty-six-column paper with a circulation of about 800, is still published by J. B. Wiggins, whose partner, McKillip, died in 1878. In connection with the paper, Mr. Wiggins also continues the directory business of Wiggins & McKillip, and issues annually a half-score or more of directories. POST-OFFICE. The Wellsville post-office was established about 1816, and its first incumbent was John J. Feehan, after whom the office was occupied by Wm. D. Peters, Robert Moore, John M. Jenkins, Wm. S. McIntosh, James McQueen, Oliver P. Shearman, Mahalah Crane (who served as postmistress for sixteen years), and N. K. McKenzie, the present incumbent. The money-order business at this office for 1879 was nearly double that of 1878, the average receipts for money-orders per month being $2200. The receipts for money-orders largely exceed the amount paid out on orders, the actual excess of receipts over payments for nine months ending April 1, 1879, being $2031.76. The post-office building is not at all commensurate, with the requirements of the business, while it is far from what Wellsville ought to have, as an architectural effect. It has served for a decade the purpose which it serves now, and long enough to have earned retirement in favor of something better. RAILWAYS. For some time previous to 1844,—perhaps three years, —Wellsville agitated and discussed the necessity of a convenient highway for travel and transportation between the town and Cleveland. A turnpike was originally canvassed for ; but, as the project developed, a desire for the better facilities of a railway began to show itself, and in the year named-1844---it was determined that efforts would be made to build the railway. The public meetings at which the matter had been actively and frequently discussed were held in the basement of the Methodist Protestant church, and for every one of the meetings Mr. Joseph Wells (now residing in Wellsville), who took a deep interest in promoting the enterprise, rang the church-bell. When, in 1844, it was resolved to have a railway, a committee, composed of A. G. Cattell, D. T. Lawson, Jas. Stewart, and Henry Cope, was appointed to visit Cleveland and work for the co-operation of capitalists there. They left Wellsville, Dec. 26, 1844, and on December 30th a public meeting was held in Cleveland, and as a quick result was followed by the construction of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad from Cleveland to Wellsville. Wellsville did yeoman service on behalf of the road, and, as has been seen, was the originator of the project. Upwards of $50,000 were raised by the town in carrying the matter as far as the organization of the company, and the whole of the amount was expended in the mere preliminaries. The first through train between Cleveland and Wellsville was put on in 1852, and shortly after that the river-road from Wellsville to Wheeling was finished. Mr. James Stewart, the first president of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad Company, was a resident of Wellsville, and the official now at the head of the company, J. N. McCullough, was a native and long a citizen of the town. It was not until 1856 that the line was completed between Wellsville and Pittsburgh, and meanwhile Wellsville was a point of transhipment to points above on the river. Although eagerly desired and welcomed, the completion of the railway deprived Wellsville of a vast amount of business which it had for years transacted, it being a place where large quantities of goods were received from ,the interior for shipment by river, and where river freight for interior points was handled. MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES. An important manufacturing industry at Wellsville is the foundry of Stephenson & Co., where a force of about. twenty men is employed in the production of stationary engines, sewer pipe, machinists' supplies, iron castings, etc. This foundry was originated in 1836 by Bottenburg & Geisse, when it was a small concern, employing six men. Shortly thereafter P. F. Geisse purchased his partner's interest, materially enlarged the works, and carried them on very successfully until 1870, when he sold out to S. & T. B. Stephenson, who, in 1872, were joined by Alexander Denham. Morley & Co. began, in November, 1878, the erection of a fine brick pottery, upon grounds covering nearly an acre, and in May, 1879; were so advanced with the work that July 1st was the date fixed, upon as the time when active manufacture would be commenced. The buildings are two stories in height, measure in length four hundred feet, and are supplied with new and improved machinery, including a steam-engine of twenty-four-horse power. The pottery has two kilns of the capacity of three ordinary kilns, will manufacture what is known as ironstone china, and will employ sixty people. Mr. George H. Morley, the senior partner, was engaged in potting at East Liverpool, as a member of the firm of Morley, Godwin & Flentke, from 1857 to 1878. 284 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Hugh Alexander is engaged at Wellsville in the manufacture of plows, coal-car wheels and axles, iron amalgam (bronzed) bells, etc. He commenced the bnsiness at this point in 1865, and for some years thereafter pursued it extensively ; but latterly the importance of his works has somewhat declined, owing simply to the increase of similar manufactories. George W. Menough has a well-appointed foundry near the Wellsville car-shops, and drives a brisk business in the 'manufacture of castings and general railway supplies, the majority of which are furnished for the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad Company. Twelve men are employed, and the industry may be noted as one whose operations add not a little to the prosperous growth of the thriving hamlet which surrounds the car-shops. THE WELLSVILLE TERRA-COTTA WORKS OF GEORGE JONES were established in 1867, and have since pursued a profitable business in the manufacture of sewer-pipe, hot-air flues, stove-pipe, parlor vases, lawn vases, smoke-flue linings, chimney-tops, drain-tile, window-caps, and every description of terra-cotta work. From six to twelve hands are employed. The works are located on Third Street, near the clay-banks whence all the crude material used in the manufactory is drawn. J. A. Riddle started a tannery in Wellsville in 1831, and operated it uninterruptedly until May 20, 1879, when it was destroyed by fire. THE WELLSVILLE CAR-SHOPS. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad car-shops, located in the village about a mile below the railroad-station, represent an important element in Wellsville's industries, and furnish employment for upwards of 100 men, all of whom live near the shops, and a number of whom occupy tenements owned by the railroad company at that point. The first shops were built in 1857, and included a roundhouse, car-house, car-shop, machine- and blacksmith-shops. In the years 1865 and 1870 important additions and enlargements of buildings were made, and now upon the extensive grounds there owned by the company are two car-shops for the building and repair of cars, water-tank, the old round-house (used as a storehouse), the new roundhouse (circular in form, and capable of accommodating thirty-one locomotives), machine-shops, blacksmith-shops, paint-shops, etc. A vast deal of repairing upon locomotives and cars is done at the works, while iron bridges and many new cars are annually built, and, occasionally, a new locomotive. The appointments are convenient and complete, and the system of management excellent. Mr. Philip White, the assistant master-mechanic of the road, is in charge, assisted by. John Menough, assistant general foreman, and J. B. Gough, in charge of car-shops. THE WELLSVILLE ROLLING-MILLS. A collection of large frame structures ner the line of the railway, just above Wellsville, is pointed out to the traveler as what was known by the name of the Wellsville Rolling-Mills, which were set in motion with considerable eclat that promised great things in the way of increased business for the town, and which, passing through a brief and chequered existence to eventual abandonment, have stood idle for about two years,—a grim monument to an unfortunate enterprise. In 1874 a company of Pittsburgh mechanics, of whom a Mr. Morgan was the representative, proposed to the town of Wellsville to set up within her limits a tin-plate manufactory, conditioned upon the town offering certain aid. The town entered eagerly into the compact, and donated in land and money the sum of $16,000 to a co-operative association, styled the American Tin Plate Company, of which Mr. Morgan, and afterwards A. Marchand, of Alliance, were the presidents. The company erected. the necessary buildings, stocked them with valuable machinery, and, with a represented capital of $80,000, invested in buildings, machinery, and stock, 'began, with a three of about fifty men, to manufacture tin plate,--the inaugural enterprise, it is claimed, of the kind in the United States. The introduction of this important industry at this point was hailed as a cheering and hopeful incident, and general expectation pointed to valuable local results as likely to flow therefrom in the future. Unfortunately, however, for these bright anticipations, the company failed within a year, and the works were closed. They remained idle until 1877, when Black, Daker & Co., of Pittsburgh, bought them at sheriff's sale for $10,000, improved them to the extent of $5000 more, and revived them for the manufacture of steel, the works then being known as the Eureka Steel- and Iron-Works. Unhappily, this venture failed after an existence of less than a twelvemonth, and, as before noted, the works have since then lain idle. There was, in the summer of 1879, some talk of their renewal, with a moderate show of success. EARLY INDUSTRIES. Potting was, in a small way, introduced among the manufacturing interests of Wellsville as early as 1826, when Mr.- Joseph Wells made red and stone ware in a little shop attached to his residence, and continued the business for thirty years, or until 1856. The manufacture of Rockingham- and yellow-ware was attempted before 1850 and later, but, after several efforts without satisfactory results, the various ventures in that direction were abandoned for the alleged reason that the clay obtainable in the vicinity was not well adapted for the purpose. That opinion is, however, not held by potters of to-day, who think that the clay found near Wellsville will make excellent yellow-ware. In 1850 the firm of Finch & Harvey organized the Wellsville Manufacturing Company, for the manufacture of stove-castings, etc., but the enterprise was discontinued after a somewhat unprofitable existence of eight years. Fisher & Dascom then purchased the machinery of the above company, and started a barrel-factory, which, however, was soon closed. TOWNSHIP OF YELLOW CREEK - 285 COAL AND SALT. In common with adjacent townships, Yellow Creek possesses a soil which yields a considerable supply of bituminous coal, and coal-mines more than sufficient for the supply of home wants thickly abound. Veins have been found eight feet in thickness, but such instances are exceptions, the average thickness being from two to three feet. Salt has likewise been found, but the yield was never great, and for some time past little or no effort has been made to pursue the business of salt-making, chiefly because other points near at hand offer too strong a competition. Oil-wells have been sunk, but not to much profit, although oil has been obtained in small quantities, and still flows from one or two wells. Natural gas has been found in some of the salt-wells, but no encouragement has yet been presented to show that it exists in the township to much extent. BANKS. The first bank organized in Wellsville was the private bank of D. & D. McDonald, who, in connection therewith, kept also a store in 1848 and 1849. Hoffstart & Co. opened a private banking-house in 1850, which they continued until 1852, soon after which McIntosh & Co. began to do a banking business, and still later McIntosh & McCullough, and McCullough & Co., operated successfully for four years. In 1863, the Wellsville Savings-Bank was organized, with directors as follows : E. S. Taylor, Alex. Smith, Alex. Denham, J. A. Riddle, Alex. Wells, Geo. Wells, Wm. Blakely, Donald Davidson, Laughlin McLean. The bank carried a deposited account of about $80,000, and closing its business in 1865, its stockholders organized the First National Bank of Wellsville, May 1st of that year, with a capital of $100,000, which, in 1877, was reduced to $50,000. Mr. James Henderson is the cashier of this bank, which position he has filled since 1865; he has also been cashier of Wellsville Savings-Bank. The directors of the First National Bank now are J. W. Riley, President ; John McCarrell, Vice-President ; Wm. M. Hamilton, A. P. Howard, D. McBane, Henry Men, D. K. Frazer, J: W. Hammond, J. C. Smith, J. M. Stewart, Robert George, S. S. Cope. The bank's loans and discounts aggregate $114,000, and its deposit account $128,000.   RAILWAY READING-ROOM. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad Reading-Room Association was organized Jan. 22, 1867, by the employees of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, for the purpose of providing a library and reading-room for the benefit of the railway attaches. The first president was J. H. Devereaux ; Secretary, S. B. Swaine; and the first board of directors, John Thomas, Thomas Dickson, and B. Rand. Funds were raise by subscription, a library purchased, and a well-appointed reading-room opened in the second story of the railroad-st tion bnilding at Wellsville. The charge for membershi is the nominal one of one dollar yearly, for which members have the privileges of the reading-room and of drawing books. The membership numbers at present about 200, and is restricted to railway employees. The library has been increased from time to time by donations and purchases, and embraces now 1175 volumes. John Thomas (superintendent of the road) is President; P. Bruner is Secretary and Treasurer ; and R. T. Smith, Librarian. THE VALLEY GAS COMPANY. In 1872, Conley, Naylor & Co., of Pittsburgh, constructed gas-works at Wellsville, and in that year they were sold to the newly-organized corporation of the Valley Gas Company, to which end, indeed, the enterprise of Conley, Naylor & Co. was originally directed. The company was chartered with a capital of $50,000, and had as its first board of directors J. H. Conley, Wm. Bleakley, Samuel Pollock, W. G. Wells, J. H. Martin, and M. Naylor,—J. H. Conley being the first president. In 1873, James H. Riggs was chosen president, and as such has since remained. The directors for 1879 were James H. Riggs, John Mc-Carroll, Wm. H. Scheets, Wm. M. Hamilton. Gas was first supplied to the town in the summer of 1873, and since that date public thoroughfares and private dwellings have enjoyed the privilege of a cheap and bright illumination. The coal used by the company in the manufacture of gas is obtained entirely from the hills adjacent to Wellsville. WATER-WORKS. Wellsville is likely to be supplied within a short time with a much-needed water-works. The people have already indorsed the project, and the completion of the works awaits but the arrangement of preliminary details. About $40,000 will be expended in conducting water from the river to an elevation back of the town, to a reservoir, and thence to the town for general distribution. SECRET SOCIETIES. WELLSVILLE LODGE, NO. 180, F. AND A. M., was organized Oct. 15, 1848, with 8 charter-members and the following officers : J. A. Riddle, W. M. ; James S. Connell, S. W.; Wm. Moore, J. W.; B. Smith, S. D. ; R. Leslie, J. D. ; Thos. Campbell, Sec. ; J. Clark, Treas. ; Wm. Farmer, Tyler. The present membership is 85, and the officers are R. B. Williamson, W. M. ; F. P. Conn, S. W. ; C. W. Paisley, J. W. ; C. Prosser, S. D. ; Miles Furniss, J. D. ; Mat. Gordon, Sec. ; John R. Martin, Treas. ; H. Bright, Tyler. WELLSVILLE CHAPTER, NO. 55, was organized Aug. 18, 1852, with 8 members and the following officers : J. A. Riddle, H. P. ; R. Leslie, 1st K. and C. ; Thomas Campbell, 1st S. The present membership is 50, and the officers are J. F. Riddle, H. P. ; D. Mannist, 1st K. and Comp.; I. Denslow, 1st S. WELLSVILLE COUNCIL, NO. 37, was organized Jan. 19, 1864, with 8 members and these officers : C. R. Boyce, 1st T. I. G. M.; F. R. Vantyne, 1st D. I. G. M. and Comp. ; C. A. Wells, 1st P. C. 0. W. The members now number 40, and the officers are J. A. Riddle, 1st T. I. G. M. ; H. Michaels, D. I. G. M. and Comp. ; D. Mannist, 1st P. C. 0. W. 286 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. IRIS LODGE, NO. 125, I. O. O. F. This lodge was organized July 22, 1848, with the following charter-members : W. P. Carpenter, Jas. Aten, Thos. D. Hamilton, D. F. Davis, Geo. W. Jones, Chas. W. Atwell, Horace T. Jones, Sam'! W. Warrington. The membership is now 90, and the officers are C. W. Paisley, N. G.; 0. P. Bowers, V. G.; R. C. Anderson, P. S.; M. Bowers, Treas. ; Wm. Wooster, R. S.; W. P. King, W.; W. D. Pacey, Host. The lodge meets in a finely-appointed hall corner of Third and Water Streets. THE ENGINEERS' BROTHERHOOD. Wellsville Division, No. 170, of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, was organized in 1873, when Robert Galvin was Chief Engineer and Abraham McDonald Secretary. The Division has now 28 members, and has as chief officers Wm. Patterson, C. E., and Chas. Klasgye, Sec'y. BANDS. The first musical band in Wellsville was organized, in 1848, by J. W. Reilly (now Gen. Reilly), who was the leader. It was called the Wellsville Band, and was quite a famous organization. The present band—Wellsville Excelsior Cornet Band, M. Elliott leader—is the one organized by C. C. Van Nostrand, in 1875, with 28 pieces, as the Wellsville Cornet Band, after a division in the ranks of the Wellsville Silver Cornet Band, organized by Billy Davidson. CEMETERIES. The first grave-yard laid out in Wellsville was the Wells burying-ground on Main street, which was donated by William Wells. In it lie buried William Wells and many of the early settlers of Wellsville,—the graves within its inclosure numbering now nearly three hundred. The first burial there took place in 1800, when a little child was laid to rest within the consecrated ground. No headstone ever marked that grave ; indeed, headstones for graves were not common in those days, nor can the name of the child now be called to mind. In 1842, Mr. Wells caused the ground to be surrounded with a high stone wall, and upon a tablet let. into the wall may now be seen the inscription, " Erected by William Wells in 1842, at a cost of $750." In his will Mr. Wells provided that the ground should be used only as a burial-place for his blood-relations or descendants, and that it should be a burial-ground forever. No new graves have, however, been made within its walls for many years, and it has been permitted to lie neglected. In 1825, Mr. Wells donated to the town an acre of ground, near where the car-shops are, to be used as a burying-ground forever, and that spot was, until 1865, the village cemetery. In the last-named year, the town having purchased a tract of land overlooking Wellsville, dedicated it with appropriate ceremonies as Spring Hill Cemetery, and it has since then been the resting-place for Wellsville's dead. It is a picturesque spot, and from ,the eminence upon which it rests the eye may view a lovely natural prospect, in which the far-reaching and verdure-clad hills of Virginia and the silently-flowing Ohio, together with the distant and expansive landscape, combine to present a picture of rare attraction. Nature and art have made this " city of the dead" a place to be admired, and it is properly esteemed by the inhabitants as one of the handsomest cemeteries in the county. FIRE COMPANY. Wellsville has never had a fire department, nor has it even a fire company now. Some years ago the town bought a fire-engine, a ere was some talk of organizing a company, but e engine turning out to be worthless, it was sold, an since then, as before, the citizens' " bucket brigade" has done valiant duty at times of conflagrations, which luckily have never been frequent. When the town completes the proposed water-works, a fire company will probably follow as a consequence. HENRY ATEN. (Taken on the day he was one hundred years old.) This gentleman was a descendant of an old German family who emigrated to this country prior to the Revolution, and settled in what is now the State of Maryland, where our subject was born, Sept. 23, 1773. On account of the unsettled state of affairs at that time, he had no opportunity of receiving a good education ; in fact, spending only three days in actual study. He was married in 1804 to Mary Morgan, a native of Pennsylvania. With his young wife, in the same year, he came to the town of Wellsville, Columbiana Co., Ohio, and located on the farm now owned and occupied by his son. In 1811 he erected a fine stone residence on his property, it being the first one built in the county. The building is still standing in a good state of preservation, but was remodeled and repaired by his son in 1874. He had a family of six children, five of whom are now living, viz. : Charles M., born Aug. 14, 1805, who is a resident lawyer at New Lisbon ; Richard, born Jan. 30, 1810, a retired farmer, living at Wellsville ; Henry, born Oct. 3, 1814 ; Catharine A., born Aug. 11, 1817, the widow of Albert G. Cattell, formerly of Wellsville. Henry Aten was an old-line Whig in politics, but on the formation of the Republican party he joined its ranks, and has never deviated from its principles. In religious belief he was a prominent member of the First Presbyterian church of Wellsville. He lost his companion Sept. 4, 1846. He died April 28, 1876. For over a century was he permitted to live. Born a subject of Great Britain under the reign of George III., he witnessed the unsuccessful attempt of that king to subjugate the American colonies, and lived to see established a substantial republic, which has withstood the treason of traitors, and stands paramount to-day among the leading nations of the world. Henry, the youngest son of this worthy old patriarch, is a native of the county and land of his father's adoption, being born Oct. 3, 1814. His father having been always employed in farming, Henry's attention was early turned to agricultural pursuits, which have been his occupation throughout life, and he is now the possessor of a farm of one hundred and seventy acres, well situated, and one of the best producing in the county. He was married, Jan. 8, 1867, to Eliza A., daughter of John and Ann (Russell) Dever, who emigrated in 1855 to Yellow Creek township, Columbiana Co., from Beaver Co., Pa., she being born at the latter place April 14, 1843. Their family at present consists of three children, viz. : George McConnell, born Nov. 24, 1867 ; Carrie P., Feb. 2, 1869 ; Lydia J. F., Feb. 24, 1877. Republican in politics. Himself and wife are both active and useful members of the First Presbyterian church of Wellsville. HISTORY OF THE TOWNSHIPS OF MAHONING COUNTY, FORMERLY BELONGING TO COLUMBIANA. THE five towns—Beaver, Goshen, Green, Smith, and Springfield—whose histories are embraced in the following pages formed a part of the county of Columbiana from its organization, in 1803, until the erection of Mahoning County, Feb. 16, 1846, when they became a part of the latter. These towns are bounded on the north by the forty-first parallel of latitude,—the southern boundary of what is known as the " Western Reserve,"—east by Pennsylvania, south by the present county of Columbiana, and west by the county of Stark. Further particulars respecting the organization of the several towns named will be found in the general history of Columbiana County, set forth in the earlier chapters of this volnme. BEAVER. This was the second township from the east in the northern tier of the original county, and was organized in 1811, with its present name. Before that date it was only designated as township 13, in range 2. Since 1845 it has formed a part of Mahoning County, The boundary townships on the east, south, and west, respectively, are Springfield, Fairfield, and Green. The surface is moderately level, with a general drainage to the north and the east. In parts it is slightly broken by low hills, and along the streams are some lands too low and level for cultivation, being subject to overflow. There are, also, a few small swamps. The face of the township was originally a heavy forest of oak, ash, maple, beech, elm, and a limited quantity of pine. A considerable quantity of timber yet remains. Mill Creek, the principal stream, flows through the township northward, west of the centre, receiving the water of half a dozen small brooks. On account of its low banks but little water-power is offered. The head of Big Bull Creek is in the southeastern part of the township, but its volume here is no greater than a brook. Nearly every section has enough springs to furnish water for domestic use, or it may be easily obtained by digging wells. Building-stone and coal abound, and in a few localities sand may be procured. The soil is variable, being clay, a light loam, or sandy. It is generally free from stones and easily cultivated. The ordinary farm pursuits give occupation to the inhabitants, but lately attention has been directed to the live-stock and dairy interests. PIONEERS. As no effort was made to gather up the fragments of the early history of the township before death removed the original settlers, but a meagre account of those who changed the country from its primeval state to its present fruitful condition can be given. One of the first settlers was Maj. Jacob Gilbert, a native of Maryland, who settled on the farm now occupied by Michael Wieland, about 1802. One of his seven children, a daughter, married Adam Wieland, from whom have descended the Wielands of the township. Maj. Gilbert took an active part in the war of 1812, and was, in his day, one of the most prominent men of Beaver. Near him settled, about the same time, John Shanefelt, who also took part in the struggle in 1812. His homestead is now occupied by his son, John, the oldest resident of the township. Not far from the centre of Beaver, Adam Little was an early and prominent settler. One of his sons, Andrew, yet resides on the Boardman line, and is one of the old men of the township. In this locality the first settler was an old bachelor, named Billy Stewart, who lived alone many years in a small log cabin ; still farther west, Abraham Miller was the pioneer.  - 287 - 288 - TOWNSHIP OF BEAVER. On section 1, the first settler was Peter Stevens, who had a lease on a small tract of land. He is credited with being the discoverer of the coal in this locality, which he mined, in a small way, for two cents per bushel. Farther south, on section 13, settlement was made in 1803 by Christopher Mentzer, and soon after Christian Clinker settled in the neighborhood of North Lima, with his sons, Abner, Josiah, Samuel, and Isaac. Not far from here were, also, as early as 1804, Frederick and Michael Dutterer, and in the southern part of the township, among the pioneers of that period, were John Harman, Henry Neidigh, and Frederick Sponseller. John Coblentz, from Frederick, Md., settled on the south side of section 25 in 1804. His family consisted of four sons and a daughter, who married John Elser, who has resided on the northern part of this section since 1827. Other early and noteworthy settlers were John Crumbacher, George Hoke, Balzer Mowen, John Neidigh, Jacob CrOuse, Christian Crebs, David Gerringer, Peter Eib, Isaiah Bachman, George Augustine, Michael Shaefer, George Hively, Christian Fox, Adam Movingstar, Mathias Glass, Wm. Heckman, Henry Myers, George Pontius, Abraham Stouffer, Abraham Buyer, Jacob Whitter, David Coy, Jacob Mellinger, John Metz, John Ruckenbrod, Jacob Overholtzer, Henry Snyder, and Jacob Rupert. Settlements were rapidly made and many changes took place. This can best be seen from a list prepared twenty years later. The freeholders living in the township in 1830 were as follows : On sections 1, 12, and the east half of' 11, and 2, ------ school district No. 1,-Christian Ackerman, John Frankfelter, Andrew Hahn, George Lonefelter, Ebenezer Stahl, William Sullivan, David Sprinkel, Jacob Witter, John Bennett, Jacob Gilbert, John Gilbert, Jacob Paulin, W. Sheckel, John Shanefelt, Jr., Frederick Shanefelt, Adam Wieland. On sections 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, and 9-the second school district-were John Blosser, Daniel Cohler, Patrick Dilley, Andrew Forney, John Fox. Jacob Linn, Jacob Miller, Abraham Miller, Henry Spanseller, Joseph Sprinkel, Frederick Smith, Jacob Wansettler, John Chub, Aaron C. Cain, John Fellnagle, Jacob Fellnagle, John Heller, Adam Little, George Messerley, William Shepler, Peter Steffey, Michael Shank, Ferdinand Shantz. On sections 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, constituting district No. 3, lived John Bachman, George Bachman, Jacob Buyer, Abraham Buyer, Benjamin Bechtel, John Coy, Adam Frankfelter, Reuben Grimes, Tobias Heverly, David Hoover, William Kendricks, Michael Kulp, Henry Kulp, John Kulp, Daniel Mackley, Frederick Roos, Mathias Topper, Martin Wilderson, John Bright, John Calvin, George Foreman, E. Gardner, John Harmon, Charles Hammer, Philip Houck, Abraham Myers, John Myers, Henry Myers, John Nold, John Shoemaker, Henry Thomas, Peter Yoder. On sections 13, 14, 15, 22, 23, 24, at that time district No. 4, were John Aultman, John Bieber, Peter Blosser, Solomon Crouse, Jacob Crouse, William Crouse, Frederick Fellnagel, John Glass, John Hahn, Jacob Jokis, Michael Huyler, Michael Keck, Christopher Mentzer, Jacob Ment- zar, William Miller, Catherine Augustine, Jacob S. Bnzard, John Cohler, John Clinker, Isaac Clinker, Michael Dutterer, John Fasnacht, David Gerringer, Jacob Harman, R. P. Justice, G. Hutchin, F. Leitzey, Adam Myrice, David Metzler, Jacob Mowen, John Mowen, Peter Mowen, Balzar Mowen, Daniel Shilling, Michael Wieland, William Eyster, Jacob Reephard, James Simpson, Jacob Shoemaker. In District No. 5, composed of sections 3, 10, and the west half of 2 and 11, lived George Bush, Frederick Frankfetter, Adam Fisher, Mathias Gilbert, Andrew Little, John Shanefelt, David Shanefelt, Gabriel Erb, George Fox, John B. Fox, Jacob Lenhart, John Simons, Henry Wohford. On sections 29, 30, 31, and 32, forming the sixth district, were Alexander Anderson, John Borlan, Samuel Detweiler, John Fox, Peter Fox, Jacob Haltereth, Gotlieb Hedler, Jacob Landis, Mary Mellinger, John Royer, David Stephens, George Bachman; Jacob Bachman, Joseph Frederick, Peter Hendricks, William Heckman, George Haltereth, Jacob Knob, Tobias Miller, Jacob Oberholser, Jacob Oberholser, Jr., Solomon Sloop. District No. 7, composed of sections 27, 28, 33, and 34, had the following freeholders : Joseph Borlan, Jacob Baker, David Coy, Samuel Coy, John Esterly, Jacob Hill, Peter Kleckner, Henry Kendig, Augustine Miller, George Bloom, Christian Shiely, John Stiver, Frederick Stiver, Michael Unger, Christian Beringer, Frederick Beringer, E. Cumbacher, Jacob Detweiler, William Hooker, Peter Hibble, Baltas Kutcher, H. B. Myers, Jacob Paetner, Christian Rinkinberger, Abraham Shaeffer, Abraham Stauffer, Frederick Ungelbower. In District No. 8, composed of sections 25, 26, 35, and 36, lived William Cox, Widow Coblentz, Jacob Cope, Frederick Dutterer, Michael Dutterer, George Dutterer, John Elser, George Glaser, John Gleckler, Jacob Gleckler, John Harman, Jr., Solomon Harman, Henry Harman, George Candle, Mary Lipply, Catherine Myers, George Rukenbrod, Michael Ruckenbrod, John Rapp, Sr., John Rapp, Jr., Frederick Sponseller, George Sponseller, Michael Sponseller, John Schnurrenberger, Conrad Snyder, Amos Worthington, John Zeigler. CIVIL LIST. The township was organized for civil purposes in the year 1811, and in the following year Beaver was added to the tax list of the county, the assessment for 1812 being $35.25. The first election was held April 1, 1811, the judges being Christian Clinker, Fred. Sponseller, and Peter Eib. The following were elected : Trustees, John Crumbacher, Christian Clinker, Fred. Sponseller ; Clerk, George Hoke ; Treasurer, John Harman ; Lister, Adam Little ; House Appraiser, John Coblentz; Constable, Jacob Gilbert ; Overseers of the Poor, Balzar Mowen, David Gerringer ; Fence-Viewers, John Neidigh, Sr., Christopher Mentzer ; Road Supervisors, Christian Crebs, Jacob Crouse. Peter Eib and Adam Little were justices of the peace. The principal officers of the township, from its organization to the present time, have been the following : TOWNSHIP OF BEAVER - 289 TRUSTEES. 1811.—John Crumbacher, Christian Clinker, Frederick Sponseller. 1812.—John Crumbacher, John Coblentz, Jacob Crouse. 1813.—George Hoke, Christian Clinker, Isaiah Bauchman. 1814.—John Crumbacher, Christian Clinker, John Neitich. 1815.—Philip Shoemaker, Jacob Gilbert, Mathias Glass. 1816.—Abraham Stouffer, Christopher Mentzer, Mathias Glass. 1817-18.—Frederick Dutrow, Jacob Gilbert, Mathias Glass. 1819.—John Coblentz, Jacob Gilbert, Abraham Stouffer. 1820.—Jacob Harman, Henry Harman, Abraham Stouffer. 1821.—Isaac Clinker, Jacob Gilbert, Adam Little. 1822.—John Coblentz, Jacob Gilbert, Christopher Mentzer. 1823.—Isaac Clinker, John Fox, Abraham Stouffer. 1824.—John Coblentz, Jacob Witter, Abraham Stouffer. 1825.—John B. Fox, Jacob Crouse, David Altman. 1826.—John B. Fox, Jacob Crouse, Philip Houk. 1827.—John B. Fox, Jacob Harman, George Augustine. 1828.—Jacob Gilbert, Michal Dutrow, Christopher Mentzer. 1829.—Jacob S. Buzard, John Beaver, Christopher Mentzer. 1830.—Isaac A. Clinker, John Beaver, Alexander Anderson. 1831.—Isaac A. Clinker, John Elser, Alexander Anderson. 1832.—Samuel Summer, Samuel Detwiler, Michael Heck. 1833.—Watson Ruchman, Christopher Mentzer, Jr., Michael Heck. 1834.—Michael Dutterer, Jr., Solomon Crouse, William Reed. 1835.—Michael Dutterer, Jr., Solomon Crouse, Lewis Ruhlman, Sr. 1836-37.—Michael Dutterer, Jr., Samuel Summers, John Beaver. 1838.—George Zigler, Jesse Hoshall, Lewis Ruhlman. 1839.—Jacob S. Buzard, Jesse Hoshall, Lewis Ruhlman. 1840.—Jacob S. Buzard, John Beiber, Solomon Harman. 1841.—John Flickinger, John Beiber, Solomon Harman. 1842.—John Flickinger, John Burkholder, George Condo. 1843.—John Flickinger, John Beiber, George Condo. 1844.—John Flickinger, George Condo, John Elser. 1845.—John Flickinger, Anthony Smith, John Riser. 1846.—John Flickinger, Anthony Smith, Christopher Dretzler. 1847.—George Candel, Jacob Hintzelman, Christopher Dretzler. 1848.—Solomon Painter, Jacob Hintzelman, Christopher Keiser. 1849.—James Simpson, Jacob Hintzelman, John Beaver. 1850.—James Simpson, John Flickinger, J. D. Hendricks. 1851.—Martin Fink, Martin Welderson, Jacob Elser. 1852.—Martin Fink, George Hofacker, Jacob Eisen 1853-55.—John Leipply, John Flickinger, Reuben Clinker. 1856.—John Leipply, John Flickinger, Levi Sweitzer. 1857.—John Leipply, John Flickinger, John Gleckler. 1858.—Solomon Clinker, D. M. Strouss, John Calvin. 1859.—Solomon Clinker, D. M. Strouss, D. A. Stouffer. 1860.—Henry Thoman, D. M. Strouss, D. A. Stouffer. 1861.—Ephraim Ruhlman, D. M. Strouss, E. T. King. 1862.—Solomon Heck, D. M. Strouss, Adam Smith. 1863.—Solomon Riser, Henry Flecking, Eli Beiber. 1864.—Elias Paulin, G. W. Handle, Eli Beiber. 1865.—Solomon Summers, John Gleckler, Michael Culp. 1866.—George Wonsettler, John Gleckler, Michael Culp. 1867.—George Wonsettler, Lewis H. Ruhlman, Emanuel Lechner. 1868.—George Wonsettler, Daniel Wonderling, Solomon Summers. 1869.—George Wonsettler, David Wonderling, Wm. W. Wentz. 1870.—S. J. Rohrbauch, Frank Beard, Azriah Paulin. 1871.—Joseph Candel, Jacob Elser, John Flickinger. 1872.—Joseph Candel, Solomon Rukenbrod, Joseph S. Wallace. 1873.—Amos Mentzer, David H. Slutter, Joseph S. Wallace. 1874.—Joseph Candel, Elias Beiber, Samuel Thoman. 1875.—Daniel Paulin, Francis Obenauf, S. Rohrbauch. 1876.—Daniel Paulin, Francis Obenauf, S. J. Rohrbauch. 1877.—Amos Mentzer, Francis Obenauf, Noah Messerly. 1878.—Francis Obenauf, Daniel Geig , Elias Beiber. 1879.—Jacob Greenamyer, Israel B. Culter, Elias Beiber. CLERKS. 1811, George Hoke; 1812, Adam Little; 1813-14, William Heckman; 1815, David Bowman; 1816, Peter Mowen; 1817-18, David Coy; 1819, Adam Little; 1820-25, David Coy; 1826-28, John Glass; 1829, David Coy ; 1830, William Hickman; 1831-33, David Coy ; 1834-38, John Elser ; 1839, John H. Donald ; 1840, Michael Buzard; 1841-47, Daniel Thoman; 1848-49, Abtel Sturgeon; 37 1850, Samuel Crouse; 1851-57, J. D. Hendricks ; 1858-59, Samuel Rau; 1860-61, Levi Stafford; 1862, Jacob Witter; 1863, G. W. Hendricks; 1864, Geo. W. Lewis; 1865-70, W. G. Hendricks; 1871, Solomon Elser ; 1872, Samuel Rau; 1873-74, Amos H. Sell; 1875-76, Solomon Elser; 1877-78, Solomon Beard; 1879, Amos H. Sell. TREASURERS. 1811-17, Jacob Harmon; 1818-23, Jacob Crouse; 1824-25, James Grimes; 1826-28, Jacob Crouse; 1829-31, Solomon Crouse; 183234, John Beaver; 1835-36, Jacob Crouse; 1837-46, Jefferson Droud; 1847, Anthony Smith; 1848-57, John Elser ; 1858, George Buzard; 1859, Daniel Thoman; 1860, George Buzard; 1861-62, Henry Thoman, Jr.; 1863, Fred. Fellnagle; 1864-66, Solom Elser; 1867-71, Henry Flickinger; 1872, Jacob Greenamyer; 1873, Henry Flickinger; 1874, Jacob Greenamyer ; 187579, Israel Hah. The present justices of the peace are Solomon Elder and Solomon Beard. ROADS. The township has no railway, but has excellent highways, leading to stations on the north and the south, making communication easy. The highways of Beaver are under the supervision of six overseers. In 1879 these were Lewis Hulette, George Ackerman, John Fisher, Jefferson Dutterer, Aaron Flickinger, and Jesse Shaefer. MINING AND MANUFACTURING INTERESTS. Coal may be procured in almost every section of the township, and is profitably mined in the central and northeastern parts. One of the most extensive mines is that of Azariah Paulin, on section 1. Here he has sunk a shaft to reach a thick vein of excellent quality, and by means of steam-power is enabled to produce from 1500 to 2000 tons per year. South from him, along the east line of the township, David Sprinkel has a mine in which is a vein of cannel coal five feet in thickness ; and a little southwest are mines operated by Catterhead & McGill, Inser & Shaefer, and others. On section 6, coal was mined about twenty years ago to supply a furnace for the manufacture of coal oil ; and within the past few years a company of Youngstown operators sank a shaft to the depth of 87 feet, striking a vein of good coal nearly five feet in thickness. The lack of insufficient machinery, and the low price of coal, caused a suspension of work, and the mine is now idle. Near the centre of the township there are coal-banks on the farms of Daniel Crouse and Abraham Yoder, and farther west, south of East Lewistown, are a number of mines yielding good coal. On Mill Creek, on section 15, the first mill was got in operation about 1805, by Mathias Glass. It was a small affair, and was displaced by one of greater capacity by Jacob Crouse. The present mill was put up by Anthony Smith in 1849, and steam-power was added. Subsequent owners have been Solomon Elser, John Faulk, Henry Nerr, and since 1877 by Hasness, Thoman & Co. It is a three-story frame, and has three runs of stones. On this stream, south, Abraham Stauffer had grist- and saw-mills, which were abandoned about 1840 ; and north of the old Glass mill Peter Glass put up a saw-mill, which was operated many years by Solomon Crouse. On Turkey Creek, on section 9, Jacob Detwiler put up a water-power saw-mill, which was changed to steam by John Fellnagle, and is now operated by Samuel Moyer. 290 - TOWNSHIP OF BEAVER. Steam saw-mills are operated on sections 5 and 6 by Samuel Bair, Peter Rubrigh, and Elias Granal; on section 18, by Christian Boyer; on section 29, by Zeigler & Co.; on section 36, William Shiely ; and at Woodworth there are several steam mills. At the village of North Lima a steam grist-mill was erected a few years ago by John Spait, which is now operated by Spait & Shantz. In the early history of the place, Jacob Esterley had a tannery near the site of the present hotel. Another tannery was established, in 1852, by Solomon Clinker, which is now carried on by Fred. Teichler. Here were formerly distilleries carried on by Lewis Ruhlman, John Fasnacht, Anthony Smith, Samuel Summers, and John Fisher. The village has a well-appointed carriage-shop, owned by Albert Unger, and a number of mechanic-shops. NORTH LIMA is a pleasant village, located chiefly on the south half of section 14, and was founded, about 1826, by James Simpson. The original plat contained only a few lots along the county road. Additions have been made by John Northrup, Martin Hasness, Samuel Crouse, and J. S. Buzard. The village did not grow fast, and owes its existence wholly to the demand for a local trading-point. The population is about 300. There are three fine churches and two handsome school-houses. The one in the west district is of brick, 32 by 40, and was built, in 1868, at a cost of $2500. The east house is of the same material, 36 by 48, and cost to build, in 1871, $2700. There is, also, a village-hall, the old Evangelical church having been altered for this purpose in 1876. As early as 1828 a man named Hartzell sold goods in a small way in the village; other small traders were John Glass and John Northrup. The first regular store was opened by the Niell Bros., in a building where is now Raus' tin-shop. John G. Leslie was their clerk, becoming their partner when the store was moved down street. In this building is now a good store carried on by J. Ernst. Others here in trade were Crouse & Northrup, Buzard & Co., J. H. Donald, Mentz, Hahn, Fell & Co., Miller, Ruhlman, and George Buzard. In the buildings on the opposite corners have been stores by Truesdell, Baldwin, Kirtland, Felger, Haller, Buzard, Henkle, Shaefer, Heindle, and Witter. The village has also had a few small grocery-stores. About 1830, John Glass opened the first public-house in a building since used for that purpose. Among the landlords which followed were John B. Fox, John H. Rowell, William McKeown, E. Ruhlman, M. E. Dutterer, John Weaver, and the present Amos Clinker. The post-office was established about 1828, with Jacob Gilbert as postmaster. A man named Stillson carried the mail, going afoot to Liverpool. Owing to the difficulty in getting the mail the office was discontinued about 1831. It was re-established in 1834, and the postmasters since that period have been J. G. Leslie, Samuel Rohrbaugh, J. G. Buzard, John H. Donald, Samuel Rau, George Buzard, and Henry Buzard. It has three mails per day. About 1831, Drs. Manning and Willet came to the place to establish a practice in medicine, but did not remain long. They were followed, for a short space of time, by Drs. Correll, Blocksom, Eddy, Campbell, Truesdell, etc. In 1846, Nathan Hahn became the first permanent physician, remaining until his death, in 1874. Contemporary practitioners were Drs. Stewart, Dawson, Davis, Bowman, etc. The present physicians are Dr. S. S. Schiller, since 1870, and Dr. H. H. Hahn, since 1876. Two miles west from North Lima is the village of EAST LEWISTOWN. It has a very handsome location on sections 16 and 27, and but for the advantage enjoyed by North Lima in being the older village, would have become the more important place. Village lots were laid out, about 1830, by Peter Goder, Sr., John Nold, Henry Thoman, Sr., and George Houck ; but it was not until 1836 that building commenced, when the place grew rapidly, attaining in a few years its maximum It contains about forty buildings, and a schoolhouse of attractive appearance, erected in 1867, at a cost of $3300. Jesse Motter opened a store in the village in 1839, in the house occupied by H. Thoman as a residence, and was in trade until 1845. Meantime, another store was conducted on the southwest corner of the square by Hoover & Rudisill. The village has had as merchants Jacob S. Thoman, Daniel Thoman, T. G. Northrup, Frederick Fellnagle, Franklin Dunn, Smith & Buzard, Abraham Miller, and at present George Buzard is in trade. A man named Morrow kept the first public-house, about 1843, in a building opposite the Thoman residence. Ten years later Conrad Stigletz opened an inn on the square, which he kept till 1863. He was followed by George Heindle. About the same time a tavern was kept on the north side of the square by Isaac Thoman, which was continued only a short time, and the village is now without a public-house. The post-office was established about 1851, and had Philip Fetzer as the first postmaster. It then had a semiweekly mail ; at present it is supplied daily from Columbiana. The other postmasters of this office have been Daniel Thoman, Josiah Rohrbaugh, Isaac Thoman, David Wonderlin, and the present, George Buzard. The first to practice the healing art was an herbalist, a Dr. Pappenaugh. Dr. Ethan A. Hoke was the first regular physician, and Dr. H. A. Sampsell the last here located. The hamlet of Woodworth, locally called Steamtown, is situated on the Boardman line, there being but a few houses and a steam saw-mill on the Beaver side. SCHOOLS. The township has taken great interest in education, and given particular attention to supplying an excellent class of school-buildings. It is stated, on the authority of a State official, that Beaver leads all the other townships in this respect. There are eleven districts, and every one of them is provided with a commodious and handsome brick house, with belfry, inside blinds, and modern furniture, costing from $2700 to $3500, whose attractive appearance reflects great TOWNSHIP OF BEAVER - 291 credit on the people of the township. The clerks of the several sub-districts, and the youth enumerated in 1879, were as follows : No. 1, Noah Sprinkler, 62 ; No. 2, Lewis Gleckler, 60 ; No. 3, Isaac B. Culler, 77 ; No. 4, David Harman, 85 ; No. 5, Henry Thoman, 85 ; No. 6, Gustavus Snyder, 70; No. 7, C. T. Stafford, 99 ; No. 8, Daniel Geiger, 54 ; No. 9, Ephraim Gleckler, 53 ; No. 10, D. M. Ziegler, 58; No. 11, Wilson S. Hadley, 16. The latter is a fractional district, being chiefly in Springfield. The appropriations for schools in 1877 amounted to more than $3000. In the village of North Lima a select school was opened in the public hall in the summer of 1878. Two terms were taught by G. W. Love. The school has at present 22 students, in charge of James W. Calvin. RELIGIOUS SOCIETIES. The missionary labors of the Rev. John Stough extended to Beaver township, and, as early as 1808, a small log meeting house was built by the united efforts of those adhering to the Lutheran and Reformed churches, with a view of affording a place of worship for future congregations of both these sects. This house stood in the old grave-yard at North Lima, and was replaced by a frame building, which also accommodated both societies until 1860, since when separate interests have been maintained. Some time about 1810 the Rev. John Peter Mahnnesmith, a Reformed missionary, began preaching at North Lima, and formed what now constitutes THE MOUNT OLIVET REFORMED CONGREGATION. This embraced among its original members the Mowen, Fasnacht, Crouse, Dutterer, Coblentz, and Metz families, with later additions from the Thoman, Greenamyer, Flickinger, Elser, Mentzer, Coler, Rapp, and other families. It has had a flourishing existence, and at present numbers more than 200 members. In 1860 the corner-stone for a new church edifice, to be used exclusively by the congregation, was laid, and the following year was completed the handsome brick church which is now their spiritual home. It will seat 450 persons, and cost to build $5000. in 1877 the congregation purchased three acres of ground in the neighborhood of the church, on a hill overlooking the village, on which was erected a very comfortable parsonage. At present the temporalities of the congregation are in a most excellent condition. Its Consistory in 1879 had as Elders, Solomon Elser, M. E. Dutterer, George Buzard ; Deacons, Samuel Mentzer, David Lower, Noah Rapp ; Trustees, John Flickinger, George Coler, Solomon Elser. Rev. Mahnnesmith was succeeded in the pastorate by the Rev. Henry Sonnendecker, who was for many years the faithful minister of the church. He was followed by the Rev. John F. Englebach, Frederick Wahl, James Reinhard, Who served the congregation the last time, Aug. 1, 1870, closing his earthly career at Columbiana, Aug. 20, 1870. In October, 1870, the Rev. Henry Hilbish became the pastor, continuing in that relation four years. The pulpit was vacant about two years, but in September, 1876, Rev. Hilbish was recalled, and has since filled the pastoral office. His charge embraces the Paradise congregation. A flourishing Sunday-school, having 175 members, under the superintendence of Ezra Sonnendecker, is maintained by Mt. Olivet congregation. PARADISE CHURCH. In the summer of 1849 a number of members of the Lutheran and Reformed congregations at North Lima severed their connection with the parent societies for the purpose of establishing a place of worship nearer their homes. A joint committee, composed of George Messer-ley and Jacob Beard, was appointed to build a meetinghouse on an acre of ground which had been secured for this purpose from the farm of George Messerley, on section 9. In August, 1849, the corner-stone was laid, and the same season a plain frame house was completed, 32 by 40 feet, which, in a repaired condition, is yet in use, according to the terms of agreement when the house was built. The Reformed Congregation has at present 80 members, and the following Consistory : Elders : Daniel Fink, George D. Messerley, David Heinzelman. Deacons : Samuel Thoman, Samuel Rupert. The pastors of the congregation, from its organization to the present, have been the Revs. Henry Sonnendecker, John F. Englebach, J. B. Ruhl, Carl Twissler, James Reinhard, and the present, Henry Hilbish. The Revs. Kendig and Seump supplied the pulpit for a short period. George D. Messerley is the superintendent of a Sunday-school having 75 members. The Lutheran Congregation was organized by the Beard, Wonseller, Miller, and other families, in 1849. Preaching has been supplied usually by the same pastors as those of the North Lima church,—namely, Revs. Bachler, Krontz, Guinsett, Kramer, and Rauher. The present Consistory is composed of Elders Christian Sourwein, Joseph Freese ; Deacons, Elias Beiber, Elias Cannerich. The Lutheran congregation at North Lima was formed by Rev. John Stough, in 1804. His successor was the Rev. Henry Hewitt, and those named above. They worshiped in the same house as the Reformed until 1860 ; afterwards they erected a fine house of their own. THE OVERHOLTZER MENNONITE CHURCH. As early as 1815, Mennonite meetings were held in a log school-house in the western part of the township, Jacob Overholtzer being the preacher. The settlement here was soon augmented by other members of that faith, and, in 1825, a hewed-log meeting-house, 30 by 36 feet, was built on a lot of ground given for this purpose by Mr. Overholtzer. George Bachman and Jonathan Overholtzer served as a building committee. This house was used until 1871, when the present neat brick house was erected in its stead by Jacob Yoder, Daniel Zeigler, and Melchor Mellinger, acting for the church as a building committee. Its dimensions are 40 by 50 feet. Connected with the house is a large grave-yard. Those who preached here have been, from 1815 to the present, Jacob Overholtzer, Henry Stouffer, John Shank, 292 - TOWNSHIP OF BEAVER. Mathias Dinsman, Jacob Nold, who was a bishop, Jacob Christophel, Rudolph Blosser, Jacob Wissler, Samuel Good, John Blosser, and the present, Peter Baysinger, Jacob Culp, and Joseph Beeler, each of whom serves occasionally. The interests of this congregation are connected with THE METZLER MENNONITE CHURCH, near North Lima, and the two societies have about 150 members. At the latter place the first meeting-house was built of logs, about 1835, on a lot set off from the farms of Jacob Metzler and Jacob Snyder, and was used until a few years ago, when a brick meeting-house was built by John Metzler, John Burkholder, and Samuel Witmer. Among the early Mennonites of Beaver were the Overholtzer, Mellinger, Boyer, Blosser, Snyder, Shank, Lehman, Metzler, Stouffer, Yoder, Wissler, Hoover, and Witmer families, most of which have descendants who now constitute the membership of the above congregation. THE ZION HILL MEETING OF THE BRETHREN OF MAHONING DISTRICT. Meetings of this sect (Dunkers) were held in the southern part of Beaver township as early as 1825, but no house of worship was erected until 1872, when the present church was built, on a lot of ground long ago set aside for this purpose by Messrs. Krumbacher and Myers. It is a plain but substantial frame, 30 by 40 feet, and cost $1400. The meeting is connected with the Bethel meeting, in northwestern Springfield, and has the same officers and ministers. The latter have been Henry Kurtz, James Quinter, Daniel Summers, Richard Brenneman ; and those officiating at present, Jacob H. Kurtz and Jonas Hoke. The present deacons are Frank Longanecker, Alfred Longanecker, Frederick W. Kohler, Solomon Esterley, Eli H. Ruhlman, and Levi Summers. This office has also been held by Jacob Summers, Jacob Longanecker, Mathias Haas, John B. Summers, George Grove, and others. A flourishing Sunday-school is maintained in the Zion Hill church. Solomon Esterley is the superintendent. CALVARY CHURCH OF THE EVANGELICAL ASSOCIATION AT NORTH LIMA. About 1836 the preachers of the denomination began their labors in the neighborhood of North Lima, and soon succeeded in forming a class, which embraced among its members Michael Kick, Adam Wieland, Gabriel Erb, John Mentzer, and J. Paulin. Meetings were first held in private houses and in the school-house ; but some time after 1840 a small church was built at North Lima, nearly opposite the village-hall, which was used a number of years, when it was burned, it is supposed by an enemy of temperance, to prevent the continuation of a series of meetings then being held in that house. It is said that the opposition to the temperance movement was so strong that the speakers were treated with personal abuse and violence. Shortly after, a new house was built, which was used until 1876, when it was sold for a village-hall and the present attractive edifice erected. It was built by a committee composed of Amos H. Selb, C. Metzler, J. Kreutzer, S. Rau, and W. Creps, and cost $4000. It has a shapely tower, a vestibule, and a gallery, and is well finished throughout. On the 21st of January, 1877, it was formally dedicated by Bishop T. Bowman, assisted by Rev. G. S. Domer, presiding elder, and the preacher in charge, Rev. H. B. Summers. The church has a membership of 88, forming two classes, led by N. Feucht and J. Ludwig. A Sunday-school of 100 members has W. Creps for superintendent. Originally, the appointments in this part of the country formed the Columbiana circuit ; but in 1870 this church and the appointments in Springfield were constituted the North Lima circuit, having the parsonage at North Lima. The preachers on these circuits, in the order of their connection, from 1837 to 1877, have been Revs. Elias Stoever, S. Vangundy, George Dussel, C. G. Koch, Joseph Truby, Abraham Loehner, Joseph Dick, D. L. Miller, A. Stahley, A. Long, S. F. Crowther, G. W. Reisinger,.Jacob Rank, G. S. Domer, J. D. Hollinger, A. Loehner, J. J. Bernhart, J. Q. A. Weller, C. W. Davis, W. Houpt, H. B. Summers, and J. D. Domer. Rev. S. A. Miller, of the Illinois Conference, was originally from this circuit. NORTH LIMA METHODIST EPISCOPAL CHURCH. Methodist meetings were held in the village as early as 1840, the preaching being supplied by the ministers of the Columbiana appointment. Among the members were Samuel Crouse, John H. Donald, Martin Hasness, Solomon Clinker, Henry Buzard, George Buzard, John Sparron, David and Jacob Shanefelt, Solon Painter, and J. G. Leslie. In 1847 the society built a small frame meeting-house on Boardman Street, which was used for religious meetings until 1870, when it was sold for a mechanic-shop. Death and removals had so much weakened the Methodist interests here that meetings were discontinued before 1865. The house was thereafter occupied by the Lutheran congregation. Among the first Methodist preachers were Revs. James M. Young and Wm. B. Blackburn ; the Rev. Cunningham was the last. THE CEMETERIES of the township, with one exception, are maintained by the several church societies, and are generally located in close proximity to their buildings. They are well kept, and some of them contain costly and artistic monuments. Many of the early stones bear German inscriptions. GOSHEN. IN 1785 provision was made by Congress for the division of the Northwestern Territory into ranges and townships, to facilitate the sale of public lands. The township of Goshen is No. 17, in range 4, and is bounded on the north by the townships of Berlin and Ellsworth, in the " Western Reserve ;" on the east by the township of Green ; on the south by Butler and Perry ; and on the west by Smith. It was originally in Washington County, and in 1803, upon the organization of Columbiana, was included in the territory which comprised that county. In 1846 the northern tier of townships in Columbiana, including Goshen, were set off, with other territory, to form Mahoning County. Goshen contains an area of thirty-two square miles. The principal streams are the middle fork of Beaver Creek, which rises in Perry, flows through the eastern part of Goshen, and passes out of the township across the east line of section 12, and a branch of the Mahoning River, which rises in section 19, and flows in a general course northerly through the western portion of the township, which it leaves about a mile east of the northwest corner. The township of Goshen, like most of the townships in this portion of old Columbiana County, has an undulating surface, and yields to the landscape outlines of quiet beauty in infinite variety. The northern portion has the greatest development of these characteristics, though few elevations and depressions even there can properly be termed hills and valleys. These names suggest more of abruptness,—greater heights and depths than are found within the township borders. The soil is fertile and well adapted to grazing and the raising of small fruits. FIRST SETTLEMENTS. Anthony Morris came in 1804, and settled on part of the southeast quarter of section 31. His family then consisted of his wife and three children. Nine children were born to them afterwards, of whom four survive,—Mrs. Esther Bolton, of Salem ; Mrs. Sarah Bruff, of Cedar County, Iowa ; Mrs. Mary Bolton, of Morrow County, Ohio ; and Anthony Morris, of Butler. His wife was Hannah French, sister of Thomas, James, Robert, John, and Barzilla. Mr. Morris was overseer of the poor in 1812. His daughter Sarah married James Bruff, who came in 1822. Col. Joseph Bruff now lives in the old homestead, at Damascus. Barzilla French settled on that part of section 31 not taken up by Mr. Morris. He was trustee in 1818-19.         - Thomas French first came to Damascus in 1805. He bought part of the southwest quarter of section 31 ; Elijah French settled on the remainder. Thomas married a daughter of Jonas Cattell, who located half of section 36, in Salem. In 1814, Mr. French took charge of his orphan nephew, Jonas D. Cattell,—son of Enoch, his wife's brother, —and in 1820 moved to Salem and occupied Enoch's farm. He was one of the early school-teachers in Damascus, and an appraiser of property in the township in 1812. Horton Howard entered several sections of land in the southwestern part of the township and in Butler as agent for a man by the name of Hoopes. It remained in possession of Mr. Hoopes and his family until 1847, when it was sold, Joseph Edge acting as attorney for the heirs. It was bought by Benj. Wright, who appointed commissioners to divide it among his five daughters, by whom it was sold to different persons. Isaac Stanley owns a farm in this section. A part of section 29 was of the Hoopes tract. David Venable came to Goshen about 1805, and settled as a tenant on the farm of Jonas Cattell. He lived there about five years, and then bought land in the northwest quarter of section 22, where he now resides. Isaac and Thomas Votaw, brothers, came from near Winchester, Va., about 1806. Isaac purchased 240 acres on section 19, where he died about 1820. He had two sons, Benjamin and David, and was trustee of the township in 1812-18. Thomas Votaw settled on section 6. He had three sons, Thomas, Samuel, and Isaac. He was supervisor in 1812, and trustee in 1814. Samuel taught school in 1813 at Goshen. The descendants of both Isaac and Thomas live in the township. Robert Armstrong was an early settler. In 1812 he was fence-viewer, and from 1820 to '25 was treasurer. His descendants are living in the township. Stacy Shreeve, with his wife, came from New Jersey about 1806, and settled on section 19. He was supervisor of the township in 1812. His descendants live in the township, and have held town offices. John, his son, lives on the homestead. Joseph Kindele, a brother. in-law of Stacy Shreeve, also settled on section 19 in 1806. His children have located in the township. James Brooks came from New York State in 1806, but was originally from Maryland, and settled on the southwest quarter of section 7. A daughter of Mr. Brooks married Dr. James Hughes, and resides at Berlin. Isaac Ellison came from Virginia in 1806, and settled on the southeast quarter of section 7. He married a daughter of James Cattell, and was trustee of the township in 182728 and 1838. Joseph, a son, lives at Damascus. Zachariah Ellison, father of Isaac, came in 1816, and settled on the northeast quarter of section 19. He married Mary, sister of Isaac Votaw; was treasurer of the township in 1818-19, and trustee in 1820-21. He died aged eighty - 293 - 294 - TOWNSHIP OF GOSHEN. years. Mrs. Jain Crew, a daughter, is living in Butler, east of Damascus.   William and James Cattell came before 1810. William settled about a mile west of Goshen. He was trustee in 1813-16, and justice of the peace in 1812. James had a large family of daughters, and settled on part of the northeast quarter of section 19. His daughter, Mrs. Isaac Ellison, lives with William Cattell in Butler township, near the Valley.   Samuel Davis, of Salem, entered section 20 as early as 1804, receiving a deed from the government dated Nov. 1, 1808. He gave the southeast quarter of the section to his daughter, Rachel, who married Lewis Townsend, a brother of Mrs. Dr. Benjamin Stanton, of Salem. Descendants of the family are now-1879--living on a part of the land. The northeast quarter was given to William Davis, a son, who was killed on the mountains a few years after, when the property passed to his children.   Joshua Morris came in about 1810, and located a farm a little north of Win. Fawcett. He sold it in 1818 to James Hemingway, from New Jersey, whose son James was clerk of the township from 1827 to 1842. The farm is now in the possession of David Park, a grandson of James Hemingway.   Aaron Stratton, elder brother of Michael and Stacy, came from New Jersey in 1808, and settled in the northwest corner of section 23, on Beaver Creek, where he soon after built a grist-mill, which well accommodated the country round. The property was sold in 1834 to Emor F. Weaver, and afterwards to Samuel Mathers. It is now owned by Davis Brothers, and is run by steam. Mr. Stratton was township treasurer in 1815. He had a son, Aaron, who lived in Perry township. He married Hannah, daughter of Joseph Townsend, and sister of Mrs. Dr. Benjamin Stanton.   Henry Hinchman came from New Jersey about 1808 with a large family of children,—John, Henry, Aaron, Hannah, Elizabeth, Grace, and Mary,—and settled on the northwest quarter of section 36. His son, Henry, lives in the township. Aaron published a newspaper in 1842, which he printed in his father's house. He afterwards removed to Salem.   Benjamin Butler, Hannah, his wife, and their children,—Lawrence, Ellen, Hannah, John, Meribah, Ann, and Sarah,—came from near Philadelphia, by the way of Lancaster, Harrisburg, and Pittsburgh, in a two-horse wagon, and were about four weeks on the route. They arrived at Salem in April, 1811. Mr. Butler was poor, and settled on the farm of Robert French, in section 36, where he lived a year. He then moved into the present township of Goshen, and occupied land owned by Aaron Street, near the western boundary, and lived there two years. A Friend gave him an opportunity to buy and build, and he purchased 160 acres on section 18, where Elihu Cobb lives, and moved into a building of round logs which he there erected. He lived in this until August, 1828, when he died. He was trustee of the township in 1815-16. Of his living children, John resides in Goshen, Mrs. Saml. Street in Salem, Lawrence near Alliance, Stark Co., Mrs. Meribah Farmer in Cleveland, Mrs. Ellen Child in Iowa.   John Butler, son of Benjamin, purchased a farm adjoining the Friends' meeting-house, and in 1825 built a two-story cabin, of hewn logs, in which he began housekeeping in August of that year. His wife was Driscilla Fawcett, whom he married at the Friends' meeting-house in Salem. In 1829 he purchased the farm he now occupies, which was at that time all woods. Here he built, in 1830, a log house with shingle roof, but, his wife dying in that year, he changed his plans, and did not remove to the farm until his second marriage, in 1834. While living with his father on the farm in section 18, it fell to his lot to do the " milling." He generally carried to mill about two bushels of grain. The mill was nearly due east from the farm, on a branch of Beaver Creek, was known as the " Stratton. mill," and was probably built about 1809.   Mr. Butler is a prominent member of the Society of Friends, and was appointed one of the Associated Executive Committee of Friends of the Central Indian Superintendency of the United States,—a position he still holds.   William Fawcett, with his wife, came from Virginia in 1811, and purchased 164 acres on section 32, where____ Cooper now lives, adjoining John Butler's present residence. He was a Friend, an elder in the church, and was an honest, straightforward man. His death occurred in 1848. One son lives in Columbiana County, and one in Kansas. He was trustee of the township in 1815 (with Benjamin Butler and Joel Sharp), also in 1823, and clerk in 1818.   Samuel and Thomas Langstaff in 1812 settled, one on the northeast quarter of section 18, the other on the southeast quarter of the same section, and where now is a hamlet called " Boswell."   Joseph Wright came from New Jersey in 1810, settled first on section 13, and moved therefrom to the northeast quarter of section 14, which is now occupied by his grandsons. He lived to old age, and served the township in various offices almost continuously until the time of his death. He was the first township clerk, in 1812-13 ; trustee in 1813 ; clerk from 1819 to 1822 ; and treasurer from 1826 to 1857. He was much esteemed by his townsmen.   Benjamin Malmsbury came from New Jersey with his wife and children about 1812, and bought 160 acres on section 36. He was supervisor in 1815. His children are living on the old farm.   Bazel Perry and his wife came from Maryland in 1811, and settled on the northeast corner of section 5, east of Thomas Votaw. He was not an aspirant for position evidently, for in 1813 he declined the honor of an election to the office of constable.   Benjamin Lloyd settled on the southwest quarter of section 21, where he has since resided.   Caleb Shinn settled in the township very early, where some of his descendants remain.   Richard Templin, from Lancaster Co., Pa., a moulder by trade, settled in the southeast quarter of section 13, about .1825. His son John moved to Patmos about 1831, and settled on the southwest quarter of section 3.   John King, from the same place, and also a moulder, settled on the southeast quarter of section 1, in 1831, where Joshua Bowman lives. His son Joseph lives in Patmos.   Jesse Straughn, in October, 1820, came from Bucks Co.,   ISAAC CARR.   Isaac Carr was born in New Jersey, Nov. 4, 1796. He married Ann, daughter of George and Elizabeth Crew, in 1815. The same year he moved to Ohio. His family then consisted of his wife and three children; the others were born in this county. Their children were Samuel, George W., Isaac R., R. F., Thomas, Elizabeth, and J. M. ; three only are living. Mr. Carr's opportunities for an education from books during his minority were limited, as those of our early settlers who still survive remember well the rude log school-house and its meagre appointments. Mr. Carr was a very successful farmer, and by strict economy, industry, and good management he added from time to time to his first purchase of land in this county until he owned two hundred and twenty acres of finely-improved land, which he divided into three farms, giving one to each of his sons, one of whom now owns the old homestead. It must indeed be a great pleasure, at the close of a long and useful life, to be able to transmit to our children a comfortable fortune, more especially if it has been acquired in an honorable manner. Mr. Carr died June 3, 1873 ; Mrs. Carr died Aug. 27, 1859, at the age of sixty-five years. She was a good woman, and many friends deeply regretted her loss.   Isaac R. Carr, third son of Isaac Carr, married Isabella, daughter of Obadiah and Mary Crew. Mr. Crew was among the first settlers of this county, emigrating from Virginia in 1808. Mr. and Mrs. Crew were married in 1799. Mrs. Crew died Oct. 10, 1841; Mr. Crew died Oct. 10, 1845.   The above portrait was contributed by Isaac R. Carr in memory of his honored father.   TOWNSHIP OF GOSHEN - 295   Pa., and lived a while with John Straughn, his brother. In 1822 he settled on section 34, of which he bought 74 acres. Daniel Straughn, father of John and Jesse, some years earlier settled the east half of section 34, and gave it to his children. Daniel Straughn, a grandson, now lives on the place.   Stacy Stratton (a brother of Michael and Aaron Stratton, who came in 1806) came from Burlington Co., N. J., and settled first on Mr. Cattell's farm, on the Ellsworth road. In 1823 he purchased the northwest quarter of section 10, where his son, Daniel, and the widow and children of another son, William C., now reside.   Benj. F. Regle purchased the northwest quarter of section 10, about 1831. His descendants still live on the farm.   Adam Fast, in 1816, purchased the southwest quarter of section 1, and was probably the first person who settled in that part of the township. Jacob Leyman, from Lancaster Co., Pa , who married the daughter of Mr. Fast, received from him this piece of land in 1821. They had six sons and one daughter. Jackson and Joshua settled in the northwest quarter of the same section, and Levi A. in the southwest quarter of section 3, near Patmos.   Peter Gloss, about 1820, bought land in the southeast quarter of section 12, where he built a factory and manufactured wooden bowls. He afterwards settled upon the Cessna farm.   Josiah and Jacob Bowman (sons of Philip Bowman, who settled in Green township), about 1831, settled on the northeast quarter of section 1. Josiah Bowman still resides on the farm. This part of the section was entered by a man named Bowers in 1816.   Drade Husk entered and settled upon the northwest quarter of section 2, which was afterwards purchased by Raphael Campbell.   William Cook entered and lived upon the southeast quarter of section 3, where James Campbell now lives, and afterwards sold it to Capt. Wicks.,.   William Bradshaw, in 1832, came from Bucks Co., Pa., and bought 106 acres on the northeast quarter of section 9. This land was entered by 'William Swenn as early as 1820. Ryneer H. Swenn entered the southeast quarter.   William Ware, a native of Baltimore Co., Md., moved to Jefferson Co., Ohio, in 1823, where he remained till 1827. In the winter of 1828-29 he married Elizabeth Gallagher and moved to Salem. He was a blacksmith, and opened a shop, where he worked at his trade until 1839. He then bought 50 acres on section 3, near Patmos, where he now lives. Mr. Ware is a Methodist, and has been a class-leader fifteen years. He has had six children, four of whom are living.   Among other early settlers may be mentioned Noah Deed, Christian and David Countryman, Isaac Evans, Enoch Gaus, Joseph Mirl, Nathan Brown, Benjamin and Joshua Owen, Thomas Johnson, Levi Rakestraw, Charles Curl, and Abraham Keffer.   ORGANIZATION.   Goshen was incorporated Sept. 11, 1810. The first volume of records contains, as the first minute of proceedings, under date of Dec. 30, 1810, an account of the appointment of Thomas Watson to the office of constable by the trustees. The names of the trustees are not given. Jan. 8, 1812, " the township officers met on the first Second day of March," and settled the town accounts. April 6, 1812, the following resolution was passed at a meeting of' the inhabitants :   " Resolved, That Isaac Votaw, Michael Stratton, Thomas Conn, Thomas French, and Joel Sharp be a committee to view the southeast quarter of section No. 16, and to conclude on a suitable piece of ground for to set a house for to hold elections in, and to warn the inhabitants to meet and raise a sufficient house for that purpose, and to have the house to hold the fall election in."   The following officers were chosen at this meeting : Township Clerk, Joseph Wright ; Trustees, Michael Stratton, Isaac Votaw, Levi Jennings ; Overseers of the Poor, Anthony Morris, Isaac Barber ; Appraisers of Property, Thomas French, Josiah Stratton ; Fence-Viewers, Robert Armstrong, Asa Ware ; Supervisors, Barzilla French, Stacy Shreeve, Thomas Votaw, Thomas Conn, Abram Warrington ; Treasurer, George Baum ; Constable, Joseph Kindle.   There seems to have been some difficulty in securing a constable, for, on April 10, 1813, out of thirty-three persons named for that office, thirty were summoned, of whom twenty-eight refused to serve, and were fined. The following is the list of the names chosen: Isaac Ellison, Bazel Perry, Henry Hinchman, Christian Countryman, Joseph Hoile, Simeon Jennings, Isaac Gaus, William Johnson, Levi Rakestraw, Joshua Owen, Enoch Gaus, Joseph Mirl, Joel Sharp, Charles Stratton, Nathan Brown, Robert French, John Webb, Noah Reed, David Countryman, Robt. McKim, Evan Gaus, Levi Hoile, Joshua Morris, William Faucett, Richard Webb, Abraham Barber, Thos. Johnson, Jonathan Votaw, Benjamin Owen, Samuel Votaw, Charles Curl, Abraham Keifer.   The trustees met March 8, 1815, to settle with the officers. The following is a record of their proceedings:   " Michael Stratton, Supervisor, an order was given on the Treasurer for one labor on the roads for one dollar and twelve and a half cents.   "David Gaskill, another ditto, received an order on the Treasurer for one dollar and fifty cents.   " Benj. Malmsbury, another ditto, received an order for seventy-five cents.   " George Baum received twenty-fore cents for his services as Treasurer, and there remains in his hands twenty-six cents of the Township money.   "Joseph Wright received an order for five dollars and seventy-five cents for his services, and there remains forty-two dollars of above fine* to collect.   "Levi Jennings received an order on Treasurer for three dollars for services as Trustee.   "Wm. Cattell received an order on Treasurer for three dollars for services as Trustee.   "At this meeting it was resolved that the town-house shall be made convenient for holding Election by the fall Election."   CIVIL LIST.   The following is a list of the principal officers of the township from 1813 to 1879 :   TRUSTEES.   1813.—Levi Jennings, William Cattell, Joseph Wright. 1814.—Thomas Cown, Noah Reed, Thomas Votaw.       * Probably refers to fines imposed at the meeting of April 10, 1813.       296 - TOWNSHIP OF GOSHEN.   1815.-Benjamin Butler, Wm. Fawcett, Joel Sharp. 1816 - Levi Jennings, Benjamin Butler, Wm. Cattell. 1818.---Michael Stratton, Barzilla French, Isaac Votaw. 1819.-James Brooks, Michael Stratton, Barzilla French. 1820.-James Brooks, Zachariah Ellison, Joseph Votaw. 1821.-Zachariah Ellison, James Brooks, Joseph England. 1822.-Michael Stratton, Joseph England, Matthias L. Severn. 1823.-Levi Jennings, Isaac Votaw, Wm. Fawcett. 1824.-Robert Armstrong, Stacy Stratton, Benjamin Harmult. 1825.-Robert Armstrong, David Park, Matthias L. Severn. 1826.-Wm. Davis, Matthias L. Severn, Daniel Stratton. 1827-28.-Wm. Davis, Isaac Ellison, Joseph England. 1829-30.-John Carson, Richard S. Templin, Thomas Votaw. 1831.-John Dalzell, Isaac Ellison, James Wright. 1832.-John Dalzell, James Wright, George Shreeve. 1833.-Ephraim Oliphant, Ebenezer Fogg, Jacob Hendershot. 1834.-Ephraim Oliphant, John Dalzell, Levi Arnold. 1835.-Levi Arnold, Isaiah B. Brook, John Fawcett. 1836.-John Fawcett, Isaiah B. Brook, Wm. Gibbons. 1837.-Isaiah B. Brook, Benjamin B. Shreeve, Elijah Smith. 1838.-Benjamin R. Shreeve, Richard Templin, Isaac Ellison. 1839.-John Shinn, John Cessna, John Butler. 1840.-John Cessna, Stacy Cook, John Crew. 1841.-Stacy Cook, John Crew, Abel James. 1842.-Abel James, John. Crew, David S. Elliot. 1843-44.-Samuel Hardman, John Crew, David S. Elliot: 1845-46.-John Crew, John Shinn, Hodgson Kidd. 1847.--John Shinn, Hodgson Kidd, Isaiah. B. Brooks. 1848.-John Shinn, Elijah Smith, Jacob Lyman. 1849.-John Shinn, Elijah Smith, Isaac Carr. 1850.-John Shinn, Elijah Smith, John J. Bowman. 1851-52.-John Shinn, John J. Bowman, John Tempi. 1853.-John Templin, Robert Campbell, Benjamin R. Shreeve. 1854.-John Templin, Robert Campbell, David Park. 1855-57.-John Templin, David Park, Lewis Thoman. 1858.-David Park, Edwin A. Arnold, Thomas Mead. 1859.-David Park, Edwin A. Arnold, Joshua S. Cassidy. 1860.-Joshua S. Cassidy, Edwin A. Arnold, Elijah Shinn. 1861.-Joshua S. Cassidy, Benjamin Butler, Elijah Shinn. 1862.-Joshua S. Cassidy, Benjamin Butler, John Templin. 1863.-John Templin, John Townsend, Edwin A. Arnold. 1864.-William Cook, Joseph T. French, John S. Strawn. 1865-66.-John S. Strawn, William Cook, Joseph S. French. 1867.-John S. Strewn, William Cook, D. Townsend. 1872.*-Thomas Mather, Stacy Shreeve, Richard Kilian. 1873.-Thomas Mather, Tilman Hall, James Campbell. 1874.-James Campbell, David Park, Stacy Shreeve. 1875.-James Campbell, Matthias Johnston, L. S. Middleton. 1876.-Stacy Shreeve, Levi S. Middleton, Nelson K. Gunder. 1877.-Stacy Shreeve, Caleb Maris, Nelson K. Gunder. 1878.-Thomas Mather, Caleb Maris, William Hutton. 1879.-William Hutton, Caleb Maris, D. I. Richards.   TREASURERS.   George Baum, 1813; Joel Sharp, 1814; Aaron Stratton, 1815; James Langstaff, 1816-17; Zachariah Ellison, 1818-19; Robert Armstrong, 1820-25; Joseph Wright, 1826-57; Lewis Thoman, 1858 ; Thomas Mead, 1859-63; Joshua S. Cassidy, 1864; Matthew R. Campbell, 1865; Stephen B. Richards, 1866; J. H. Levan, 1872; W. Cook, 1873; Tilman Hall, 1874-75; James Campbell, 1876-79.   CLERKS.   Joseph Wright, 1813; ..Simeon Jennings, 1814-16; Wm. Fawcett, 1818; Joseph Wright, 1819-22; James Richards, 1823-26; James Hemingway, 1827-42 ;,Samuel Richards, 1843-55; Stacy Cook, 1856; John J. Strewn, 1857-60; Joseph King, 1861-63; Ezekiel Shelton, 1864; David Park, 1865-66; William Townsend, 1866,; S. H. Armstrong, 1872; J. W. Templin, 1873-75; R. L. Armstrong, 1876-77; G. B. Kinsey, 1878-79.   JUSTICES OF THE PEACE.   William Cattell, David Gaskell, Jonas D. Cattell, John Swan, Matthias L. Severn, Samuel Carr, David Park, Henry Hinchman,       * Records from 1868 to 1871, inclusive, are lost.       Stephen Wisner, Levi Arnold, Benj. R. Shreeve, Abel James, Samuel Hardman, A. B. Mackintosh, W. Bradshaw, Comly Townsend, Benj. R. Shreeve, Landen Mastin, David Park, James M. Hole, Wm. Bradshaw, David P. Strawn.   VILLAGES.   DAMASCUS.   This village is situated on the line between the townships of Butler and Goshen. It contains about 400 inhabitants, and on the Goshen side has one church (the Methodist Wesleyan), a post-office, academy, steam saw-mill, a woolen-mill, and several stores and shops   The town was first laid out and platted by Horton Howard in 1808. +   PATMOS.   This part of the township was last settled. It was known as the " Beech Country," and, settlers being distrustful of its productiveness, it was not until 1820 that many began to settle upon its lands.   The first road was opened from east to west across the town, in 1827 ; the north and south road several years later. Prior to their completion blazed trees were the only guide through the forest. A saw-mill was built in 1848 by Charles Grove and John Regle. Benjamin Regle, John Templin, William Ware, and Levi A. Leyman were among the first settlers in Patmos. The first store was opened in 1850 by James W. Templin. Levi A. Leyman, in 1850, was appointed the first postmaster, and continued in office twelve years. Capt. Coit, of Ellsworth, and Levi A. Ley-man, while cogitating upon a name for the new post-office which should be unlike any other name in the State, noticed an open music-book lying near, upon whose pages appeared the good old tune "Patmos." The word was spoken and the name adopted, and " Patmos" it remains. The postmasters who have succeeded Mr. Leyman are Mrs. Catharine Roller, Wm. Bradshaw, and James W. Templin, who is the present incumbent. The settlement contains a post-office, store, saw-mill, blacksmith-shop, carriage-shop, and ten or twelve dwellings.   POST-OFFICES.   DAMASCUS.   The territory for which this office receives the mails is less than formerly. Beloit, Boswell, Valley, and Garfield have all been taken from it. The first office was established at Damascus in 1828, James B. Bruff being the first postmaster. He was succeeded by Martin Dalzell, John P. Gruel, Simeon Fawcett, and Israel Stanley.   The office is situated in the township of Goshen, but the appointment of the postmaster as always remained with Columbiana County.   BOSWELL.   Boswell post-office was established about the year 1850. John Martin was the first postmaster ; James Early and Peter Morton have succeeded him.   GARFIELD.   Garfield post-office was established about 1875, at Garfield station, on the Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago       + See history of Butler, in this volume.       TOWNSHIP OF GOSHEN - 297   Railroad. S. A. Fogg was appointed postmaster, and still holds the office.   SCHOOLS.   The Friends at an early day formed by far the largest part of the population of the township, and instituted schools, which they kept up even after the organization of the township into school districts. There were at one time nine schools under the care of a visiting committee appointed by the " Monthly Meeting," whose territory comprised the townships of Butler and Goshen. Saveral of these were family schools.   The first school in the town was opened in the winter of 1812 at the log meeting-house in Goshen, a settlement near the west line of the township. The house was in size about 15 by 24 feet, and was built for both school and "meeting" purposes. The first teacher was Samuel Votaw, a son of Isaac Votaw, an early settler in the northwest section of the township. He was a good a' nd kind teacher, and maintained authority without an excessive application of the young and pliant shoots of the birch growing in the vicinity, which were in that day considered efficient " persuaders" to study and good behavior.   A school was opened a little later, near the Stratton mill, and was taught by Daniel Stratton. The teachers who served at the school in the Goshen neighborhood after Mr. Votaw were Martha Townsend (Ow Mrs. Martha Stanton, living at Salem), who taught in the fall of 1814; William Green, an Irishman ; William Titus, a Yankee ; and Joshua Crew, who let the pupils do as they pleased Benjamin Marshall, who taught three winters ; John Butler, who taught ten winters ; Isaac Trescott, Solomon Shreeve, Jesse Lloyd, and Stephen Roberts.   At Damascus a school was first taught by Joshua Lynch, afterwards by James Bruff, John P. Gruel, Jacob Hole, Simeon Fawcett, Lydia Maria Stanley, and others.   Prof. Israel P. Hole, with his brother Jacob, afterwards established a school in a large two-story building of brick, situated in spacious grounds on the Goshen side. This they continued for three or four years, when the Friends purchased the property for a " Quarterly-Meeting School." Jesse Lloyd, William P. Pinkham, and Otis Beal were the principal teachers. Prof. Hole conducts a school at present in this building, having leased the property for six years.   There was a school in the Votaw settlement in its earlier years, mostly taught by females. Elizabeth Blackburn taught during several summers. James Hemingway taught in the Benjamin Malmsbury neighborhood.   A log school-honse was built and a school supported by subscription about 1825, in what is now district No. 1, half a mile east of Patmos. Andrew Templin was the first teacher.   In 1821 a law was passed authorizing the township trustees to submit the question to the people whether the township should be divided into districts. Laws were passed subsequently, from time to time, in the interest of education. Section 16, in this township, had been set apart in the original survey for school purposes. This land was sold by the State, and the purchase-money, deposited with the Auditor of State, constitutes a fund the interest of which is yearly paid to the school districts. The town has eight school districts.   38   The following schedules give the value of the schoolhouses and grounds of the several school districts, as shown by the reports of the board of education in October, 1853, and September 1878: