(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 50 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Bracken and P. F. Lines, who removed to the West ; and G. W. Swearingen. COLUMBIANA COUNTY PIONEER ASSOCIATION. The first notice of this association found in the society's records is the following, which was published in The New Lisbon Journal, Monday, Jan. 23, 1871 : " In pursuance to the call published, a large number of citizens and pioneers of the county assembled in Salem, Thursday last, for the purpose of organizing a Pioneer Association for Columbiana County. Gen. J. B. Roller, of Centre township, was called to the chair, and J. K. Rukenbrod appointed secretary. The object of the meeting being stated, a committee of three, consisting of James Leach, James Hiddleson, and Joel Yates, was appointed to present to the meeting a form of constitution and by-laws." The report made by this committee, which embodied the constitution and by-laws, was adopted. The constitution names the organization " Columbiana County Pioneer Association," and provides for the usual officers, to be chosen by ballot, to serve one year or until their successors are elected. Section three defines the objects of the association to be " the promotion of social fellowship among the pioneers, and the collection and preservation of historic matter." Citizens of the county, male and female, are eligible as members who have resided in the county fifty years, and residents not fifty years of age may become honorary members. The by-laws provide for the payment by male members of an annual fee of fifty cents ; for annual meetings of the association ; and, further, that " the secretary shall keep in a book, provided for the purpose, a complete record of the members of the association, with the occupation, full name, age, and nativity of each member, and the time of his or her residence in the county." The secretary is to keep a careful record of the proceedings of all meetings, and preserve its papers, books, and archives in convenient order for reference. Section eight requires that " each member shall, as soon as convenient, prepare a sketch of his personal history and recollections of pioneer experience, said sketch to contain the author's name, nativity, age, occupation, date, and place of first settlement in the county, together with all such incidents and adventures, and all facts relating to other pioneers or to the early history of the county, as may be thought worthy of remembrance. The sketches prepared shall be read before the association, and carefully filed and preserved by the secretary, and may be published." The first officers chosen were the following : President, Gen. Jacob B. Roller ; Secretary, J. K. Rukenbrod ; Treasurer, James Brown ; Vice-Presidents, James Stewart, Yellow Creek ; Sanford C. Hill, Liverpool ;- John Moore, St. Clair ; Mahlon Underwood. Middleton ; Benjamin Blackburn, Unity ; John Reed, Madison ; William Kemble, Elk Run ; Samuel Erwin, Fairfield ; D. McDonald, Wayne ; Henry Brinker, Centre; James Hiddleson, Salem ; Joseph Lacock, Washington ; John Willyard, Franklin ; Morris Miller, Hanover ; Samuel Whiteleather, West ; George Burns, Sr., Butler ; David Fox, Knox ; Stacy Hunt, Perry. At the same meeting it was recommended that papers be prepared relating to each township, giving its original name and any changes of name, its topography, soil, ancient remains, Indian history, first white settlers, first birth, marriage, and death, mills and manufactories, merchants and trades, organization of township, educational and religious history, and other matters of interest. No record of any meeting of the society has been preserved, subsequent to the first, until that of September, 1876, when the association met at East Liverpool on the 5th and 6th of that month. The names and ages of the pioneers present on that occasion were recorded, as follows : George Poe, of West Virginia, 86 ; residents of Columbiana County, Elizabeth Sims, near 70 ; James Little, 69 ; Keziah Ramsey, 59 ; S. W. Snodgrass, 69 ; Martha McClure, 65 ; James Kelley, 66 ; George Anderson, 62 ; Morris Miller, 77 ; Jacob Arter, 80 ; Richard Huston, 77 ; Henry Morlan, 74 ; George Bucherit, 68 ; James Logan, 74 ; James W. Gaston, 68 ; B. B. Ogden, 70 ; I. I. Ikard, 50 ; David Boyce, 52 ; James McCormick, 52 ; A. J. McCready, 54 ; W. H. Morrow, 57 ; William Bloor, 55 ; William Biggs, 77 ; W. Davidson, 67 ; Mrs. Davidson, 66 ; C. M. Aten, 71 ; Henry H. Gregg, 66 ; James Scott, 57 ; Dr. Aaron Connell, 70. The sixth annual meeting of the association was held at Hanover, on the 5th and 6th of September, 1877, when the following were present : George Burns, 65 ; Catharine Vogelsong, 64 ; Henry Trdnick, 79 ; Elizabeth Pettit, 54 ; James Jackson, 63 ; Lydia Burns, 58 ; George Cress, 59 ; Jesse Sloan, 75 ; Mrs. H. Keith, 70 ; Keziah Ramsey, 60 ; J. R. Arter, 60 ; John Frost, 71 ; Louisa J. Hostetter, 45 ; Margaret Keith, 64 ; Mary N. Hole, 46 ; Sarah Bailey, 47 ; Mary V. Griffith, 74 ; Abigail J. Bailey, 47 ; James Scott, 58 ; Ruth Heston, 64 ; Charlotte Arter, 67 ; Sarah A. Vogelsong, 45 ; Emeline G. Faucett, 53 ; Rebecca Coppock, 56 ; Mary Morlan, 74 ; Beulah. Trunick, 75 ; Jonathan Andre, 73 ; Sarah John, 74 ; Jesse West, 62 ; Sarah S. Winder, 59 ; William Orr, 45 ; Charles Wilson, 52 ; H. H. Swearingen, 47 ; Alexander S. Reeder, 46 ; Nancy Frost, 66 ; Joel Reeder, 46 ; Mary Arter, 53 ; Lydia Winder, 67 ; R. A. Jackson, 57 ; M. A. Pearce, 56 ; William Ramsey, 61 ; M. Root, 37 ; Thomas Temple, 61 ; Jesse Sinclair, 71 ; Mary Todd, 79; Rhoda Hamilton, 68 ; Benjamin Winder, 80 ; Elizabeth Milburn, 58 ; Joseph Milburn, 68 ; David Arter, 74 ; Jane E. Williams, 50 ; Morris Miller, 79 ; Joseph Pritchet, 56 ; Mahlon Briggs, 77 ; Phebe Pritchet, 57 ; W. Hicklin; 71 ; Mary A. Lininger, 45 ; Henry H. Gregg, 67 ; Ann E. H. Morgan, 41 ; M. Reeder, 71 ; Margaret Gates, 55 ; William Erhart, 60 ; William Lockard, 69 ; John B. Spidel, 43 ; Julia Briggs, 78 ; Israel P. Hole, 50 ; Hiram Chandler, 67 ; Margaret Chandler, 60 ; William Moore, 68 ; Eliza Moore, 68 ; Joel B. Taylor, 52 ; James Hindleson, 84 ; Joseph Winder, 72 ; Michael Arter, 83 ; Joseph H. Heileman, 67 ; Jesse Duck, 57 ; Nathan Johns, 78 ; Henry Morlan, native of the county, 75 ; Jeremiah Coppock, 67 ; George S. Nace, 58 ; A. G. Shinn, 74. From September, 1876, until September, 1877, there were sixty-six deaths in the county of persons over seventy-six years of age, and possiblx others not ascertained. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 51 The seventh annual meeting was held at New Lisbon on the third day of September, 1878. The following persons were present : H. Wines, 79; Peter Young, 79.; Mahlon Underwood, 60 ; Freeman Morrison, 74 ; A. W. Allen, 83; James McLaughlin, 74 ; Samuel Bowman, 61 ; William Farmer, 75 ; John Fleming, 73 ; Jacob Arter, 82 ; Hiram Chandler, 68 ; Jacob Roller, 85 ; Mrs. S. D. Maus, near 90 ; James A. Morrison, near 89 ; Ira Dibble, near 88; Mrs. M. Green, 86; Henry Trunick, near 80; Maria Miller, 80 ; Mrs. McCook, near 80 ; Uriah Teegarden, 79 ; F. F. Beck, 79 ; Joseph Springer, 79 ; Simon Arter, 78 ; Auzey White, 78 ; Julia Briggs, 79 ; Mahlon Briggs, 78 ; L. B. McLane, 79 ; Henry Morlan, 76 ; Beulah Trunick, 76 ; Mary Morlan, 75 ; Andrew Roach, 75 ; James S. Shields, near 75 ; C. M. Aten, 73 ; John Ramsey, 70 ; Mrs. Roach, 68 ; Henry H. Gregg, 68 ; James Badger, 67; Hiram Gayer, 64 ; R. A. Gayer, 63 ; James Scott, 60; L. B. McLain, 78. During the year previous to this meeting there had died in the county sixty-eight persons over seventy years of age. A considerable amount of information concerning the early times of Columbiana County has been gathered, and numbers of interesting relics of local and general interest have been secured from various sources. Of the newspapers published in the county, the archives of the association contain complete files of The Aurora, published by John Frost, from 1832 to 1856; of The Patriot, from 1822 to 1835 ; and of the Buckeye State, from 1852 until the present time,—August, 1879. The next meeting of the association is appointed to be held at the village of Salem, Sept. 17,1879. E. S. Halloway was chosen president to succeed Gen. Roller, and served until September, 1877, when Dr. J. M. Hole was elected to that office, and is now serving. John Frost succeeded Mr. Rukenbrod as secretary in September, 1876, and remains in that position. COLUMBIANA COUNTY AGRICULTURAL SOCIETY. The first meeting convened to organize a county agricul tural society met at New Lisbon, April 15,1846, Samuel Myers being chosen chairman on the occasion, and II. T. Clever secretary ; William E. Russell, Jacob Harbaugh, B. W. Snodgrass, William D. Morgan, and S. Myers were chosen a committee to prepare a constitution and by-laws, and Robert Hanna, C. M. Aten, William E. Russell, W. D. Morgan, and Jacob Harbaugh a committee to name persons to serve as officers for the ensuing year. April 16th the constitution and by-laws were adopted and the following officers elected: Samuel Myers, President; Wil: liam Kemble, Vice-President ; John McClymonds, Secretary; Fisher A. Blocksom, Treasurer ; Leonard Hanna, Warren Peters, James J. Caldwell, William E. Russell, and Jacob Harbaugh, Managers. The society was reorganized March 5,1851, when John Ferrall Was made president and Leonard Hanna vice-president. Feb. 2,1853, the society voted to purchase a quantity of ground of John McClymonds, and on April 16th, the same year, voted to purchase six acres of William Harbaugh. These votes respecting land were reconsidered April 30th, and a vote passed to purchase from Mr. McClymonds the property north of New Lisbon known as the " Holmes" or " Seminary" property, containing between fourteen and fifteen acres, for the sum of eighteen hundred dollars. In May the society contracted to sell four and a half acres a the Holmes tract to R. D. Hartshorn, and made a contract with James Scott for the erection of a building, forty by one hundred feet in size, at a cost of four hundred dollars, the lumber being furnished by the society. They also engaged Joseph Springer to build a fence " around the fair-grounds" at fifty-five cents per lineal rod. Several purchases of land have since been made, some of which has been sold, leaving as the present estate of the society an area of about thirty acres. Since its reorganization the society has maintained its annual exhibitions with little or no serious interruption, and has been financially prosperous and otherwise a thriving organization. The presidents, aside from those already mentioned, have been the following : Jacob Harbaugh, 1853-54 ; Abel Lodge, 1855 ; F. H Zepernick, 1856 ; James Sterling, 1857-58 ; James H. Quin, 1859-60 ; William Hostetter, 1861 ; James Sterling, 1862 ; Dennis Jlarbaugh, 1863– 64 ; U. Bowman, 1865; Henry Kreidler, 1866-67; William Mathers, 1868-70 ; John L. Crowell, 1871 ; John Robinson, 1872-73 ; John Spence, 1874-75 ; W. S. Smith, 1876-77 ; John Robinson, 1878 ; W. S. Smith, 1879. Secretaries, Kersey Hanna, 1852 ; A. McLean, T. S. Woods, 1853 ; T. S. Woods, 1854 ; J. H. Quin, 1855 ; Kersey Hanna, 1856 ; W. J. Jordan, 1857-60 ; T. S. Brown, Thomas G. Huston, 1861 ; B. F. Nichols, 1862-65 ; M. E. Straughn, 1866 ; John A. Myers, 1867-69 ; J. H. Hessin, 1870 ; J. F. Benner, 1871-72 ; H. E. Frost, 1874-76; Richardson Arter, 1877-79. CHAPTER XVIII. SOURCES OF WEALTH. COAL, IRON, AND CLAY. THE wealth of the county of Columbiana lies not alone in her rich surface•soil, which yields so bountifully of grass and grain and fruit, but also in those other treasures which, at varying depths and in wonderful profusion, Nature has stored for her needs, and which have proven to be the foundation of a prosperous activity in trade, in art, and in manufacture. Coal, as shown in the chapter on geology, exists in abundant deposits, and is mined to a considerable extent for shipment. At. Salineville, one of the numerous mining localities, six hundred persons are sometimes employed in the mines, and take out daily thirteen hundred tons of coal. Iron ore is also mined extensively in several localities, and, in connection with the coal, has given rise to smelting furnaces and iron-working establishments in different parts of the county, notably at Leetonia and Salem. The deposits of clay have been worked to a large extent in a number of places, and one of the principal industries of the county consists in converting that material into ware of various kinds and qualities. By far the larger number of potteries are at East Liverpool, where the first kiln was prepared and burned in 1840, by James Bennett, an Englishman. This kiln, which consisted chiefly of yellow mugs, yielded a net profit of two hundred and fifty dollars. From this small beginning the business has expanded, until in this present year-1879—there are at East Livei pool alone twenty-three establishments, having in use sixty-seven kilns.* SALT, OIL, GAS. It is probable that the existence of salt in the county was first discovered along the banks of Yellow Creek, and that the first well for its development was put down at Salineville, by a George James, a Kentuckian, as early as 1809. Salt-making subsequently became an important industry at that place. Wells bored at East Liverpool and New Lisbon yield brine, from which considerable quantities of salt have been made. The most remarkable, and perhaps the most valuable, of the products of the many borings is the natural gas, which at East Liverpool has superseded the artificial for purposes of illumination, and which also is used for heating, and in some instances for manufacturing purposes. So great is the supply that it is deemed practically inexhaustible, and even appears to be considered " cheaper than daylight," the public lamps being allowed to burn day and night. The well which supplies the gas was put down in 1860 to obtain oil; instead of oil, the well yielded a liberal supply of brine, but the gas, which was least thought of originally, has proven most profitable. In a well sunk years ago at New Lisbon, gas and brine were both obtained, and tha former used for a time in the manufacture of salt. MINING AND MANUFACTURING STATISTICS. The following statistics show the products of mines and manufactories as given in the report of the Secretary of State for the year 1878: stone coal, bushels mined, 9,586,660 ; iron ore, tons mined, 26,410 ; salt, bushels made, 21,000 ; water cement, barrels made, 17,620 ; stoneware made, capacity in gallons, 125,000 ; pig-iron, tons of native or foreign ore smelted with stone coal, 38,400 ; sheet-iron produced; 2 tons ; boiler-iron, 185 tons. Castings and machinery : stoves and hollow-ware, 1200 tons ; all other castings, 400 tons ; steam-engines, number made, 42 ; steam-boilers made, 24 ; portable saw-mills, 7. There was also built, for use on the Ohio River, one steamboat, value $8000, and one barge, value $500. AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS. The report of the Secretary of State for the year 1878 gives the following statistics for the county of Columbiana for 1877 : Cultivated lands,t 107,303 acres ; in pasture, 100,644 acres ; woodland, 58,518 acres ; uncultivated or waste, 3928 acres ; field products, timothy hay, 38,592 acres, 47,828 tons ; clover hay, 2769 acres, 3180 tons ; flax, 229 * Vide history of Liverpool township, in this volume. + Because of the defective reports, the total quantity of lands given in this schedule amounts to only 270,393 acres, whereas the number given in the grand duplicate is 335,429. acres, 81,122 pounds of fibre, 2629 bushels flax-seed ; potatoes, 1574 acres, 143,758 bushels ; wheat, 20,003 acres; 313,770 bushels ; rye, 1814 acres, 21,996 bushels ; buckwheat, 547 acres, 5364 bushels ; oats, 19,212 acres, 664,075 bushels ; barley, 66 acres, 1385 bushels ; corn, ++ 21,276 acres, 808,461 bushels ; sorghum, 67 acres, 15 pounds sugar, 3989 gallons syrup. Horticultural products : acres in orchards, 8347 ; apples, 157,578 bushels ; peaches, 26,674 bushels ; pears, 1618 bushels ; acres in vineyards, 184 1/2; grapes, 91,709 pounds ; wine, 765 gallons. Dairy products : butter, 832,110 pounds; cheese, 164,175 pounds Honey gathered, 17,896 pounds. Live-stock : number of horses, 8714 ; mules, 206 ; cattle, 18,981 ; hogs, 15,545 ; sheep, 121,804. Value of live-stock, $1,165,652. The amount of wool shorn was 474,313 pounds ; number of sheep killed by dogs, 683 ; value, $2227 ; sheep injured by dogs, 361 ; damages, $1050. CHAPTER XIX. INTERNAL IMPROVEMENTS. TRAILS. THE Indian trails which radiated in many directions from Forts Pitt and McIntosh and penetrated the forests of the north and west, connecting the head-waters of the streams or following their sinuous borders,—these narrow lines of travel were the principal highways by which the first settlers of Ohio entered her then half-hospitable borders. The war-path was destined to become a way for what is called civilization, and the Indian doomed to be elbowed and jostled from the narrow trail trodden for centuries by his ancestors. In addition to the trails described elsewhere § in this volume, there was one which passed through the southern portion of the present county of Columbiana, and led westward to the Moravian towns on the Muskingum. From information which has been collected by the Pioneer Society of the county, it appears that this trail entered Ohio about two miles south from Archer, in the present township of Middleton, traversed that township and Elk Run, entered Centre at section 25; passed through Wayne near what is known as " McKaig's Mill," and thence southwesterly through the township of Franklin. The trail, as remembered by the first settlers, was from two to three feet wide, and in many places higher than the ground on either side,—" no doubt from the passage of Indian ponies and the accumulation of ages in traveling in Indian file." MEANS OF TRAVEL. For some years after the county was organized, 1803, there was no better means of travel provided than the back of the faithful horse or mule. Whether to carry grave ++ The following was the average yield per acre, in the State of Ohio, in 1877, of each of the cereals named : wheat, 15.65 bushels ; corn, 32.48 bushels ; oats, 31.75 bushels ; buckwheat, 10.15 bushels; rye, 12.21 bushels; barley, 29.02 bushels. § See account of " Bouquet's Expedition," chapter iv. of this work. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 53 judges, and others " learned in the law," to their labors in some distant court, forward the weekly mail on its plodding journey, or transport merchandise between the settlements, the patient quadruped was saddled with the duty. Duncan and Wilson, of Pittsburgh, as early as 1786,' were engaged in forwarding goods and provisions upon pack-horses across the_ country to the mouth of the Cuyahoga, now Cleveland, from whence to be shipped on the. schooner " Mackinaw " to Detroit. Six trips were made in the summer of that year for the firm by Col. James Hillman, of Youngstown. " His caravan consisted of ten men and ninety horses. They usually crossed the Big Beaver four miles below the mouth of the Shenango ; thence up the left bank of the Mahoning, crossing it about three miles above the village of Youngstown ; thence by way of the Salt Springs, in the township of Weathersfield, through Milton and Ravenna, crossing the Cuyahoga at the mouth of Breakneck, and again at the mouth of Tinker's Creek, in Bedford ; and thence down the river to its mouth, where they erected a log but for the safekeeping of their goods, which was the first house built in Cleveland. At the mouth of Tinker's Creek were a few houses built by the Moravian missionaries. They were then vacant, the Indians having occupied them one year only previous to their removal to the Tuscarawas River. These, and three or four cabins at the Salt Springs, were the only buildings erected by the whites between the Ohio River and Lake Erie."* COUNTY ROADS. A road was laid out from the State line to Peter Musser's mill, in 1803, by William Heald, surveyor, and James Taylor, Henry Forney, and Jacob Rudysill, viewers, for which the court allowed them " in full compensation" the sum of four dollars, September 9th of that year. The road was laid thirty-three feet wide, and confirmed by the court Dec. 1, 1803. A road of the same width was laid in 1803 " from the west end of Walnut Street, in the town of New Lisbon, to Atwater's road, in section 5, in 14th township, third range," and confirmed also on December 1st. In March, 1804, the court ordered payment of sixteen dollars to sundry persons as their total compensation for "services rendered in reviewing and laying out a road from the middle to the west fork of Little Beaver Creek, of the road from New Lisbon to Georgetown." Also, in the same month was laid a road thirty-three feet in width "from the Ohio River to John Myers'." Nov. 6, 1804, a road was confirmed, extending " from the court-house to McKaig's, and thence to Tuscarawa Path." This also was two rods wide. A road was surveyed by William Heald, in March, 1804, from New Lisbon to the Pennsylvania line in section 25, township 8, range 1, which was in length fourteen miles, three quarters, and thirty-six perches, and in width fifty feet. June 11th following, a road was confirmed by the court which was laid fifty feet wide, extending from New Lisbon to section 3, in township 18, range 5 ; and Nov. 4, 1805, * Henry Howu's Hist. Col. of Ohio, 1869. a road of the same width, from State line to Jackman's mill, thence to New Lisbon ; and on the same day, a road " from near Augusteen's, on section number twenty-four, eighth township, first range, to Connecticut line between sections numbers one and two in thirteenth township, second range." This also was fifty feet wide. A State road was laid out by Lewis Kinney, road commissioner, Nov. 21, 1805, " from near the mouth of Little Beaver Creek by New Lisbon to the south line of' the county of Trumbull." In November, 1828, Joab Gaskill and Robert Lattimore, commissioners, and J. G. Williard, surveyor, laid out the road which extends from Canton through New Lisbon to the Pennsylvania line, beginning in the line between Stark and Columbiana Counties. BRIDGE. At a meeting of the associate judges of the Court of Common Pleas at New Lisbon, Dec. 1, 1803, a petition was presented by John Bever mil Thomas Moore, proprietors of Beaver Mills, " prayino. an order might be granted for building a permanent and free bridge across Little Beaver Creek, at or near Little Beaver Mills, which was accompanied by proposals by a certain Robert Kelly, guaranteed by John Bever, one of the aforesaid proprietors, for building the aforesaid bridge at their own proper costs and charges, of the dimensions and materials following, viz. : stone pillars or butments built for a frame of wood to rest on, and of such a height as will make it convenient for ascending and descending the banks of the creek aforesaid, and out of the reach of the freshets of the creek, the whole sufficiently strong for wagons loaded and other carriages that may pass over it. The floor of said bridge to be a proper thickness, and all to be completed in a workmanlike manner and within a reasonable period, which bridge they agree to keep in good repair for two years after the same is completed, and the same bridge to be of the width of twelve feet. Ordered by the court that the aforesaid proprietors be authorized, and they are hereby authorized, to build a bridge over the aforesaid creek, and of the dimensions and with the materials above specified, within one year from the date hereof, for which purpose the said John Bever hath this day entered into a bond in the penal sum of one thousand dollars to complete the aforesaid bridge in the time specified and of the materials within mentioned, in consideration of subscriptions to the amount of four hundred and ninety-four dollars, obtained by the aforesaid John Bever and Thomas Moore and other person's from sundry citizens of the county of Columbiana, and from sundry others of the States of' Pennsylvania and Virginia." MAILS. Mr. Fisher A. Blocksom, who was deputy postmaster at New Lisbon, under Captain Thomas Rowland, in 1812-13, stated to Mr. II. H. Gregg that " the mails then consisted of . one weekly horseback mail from Pittsburgh to New Lisbon, via Greersburg and Kist Fairfield, and thence to Cleveland via Deerfield and Ravenna. There was also a weekly horseback mail from New Lisbon to Steubenville, via Gillingham's Salt Works, and a weekly mail to Canton, 54 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. via Grissell's post-office and Osnaburg, and that each of these horseback weekly mails were carried in the old-fashioned saddle-bags, with mail locks attached." Horace Daniels, it is said, was the first mail carrier between Pittsburgh and New Lisbon. STAGE LINES. Lines of stages were first advertised in the Ohio Patriot of Saturday, May 23, 1829, and the notice, which is quoted, tells tersely its own story of the march of improvement in matters of travel and communication. The notice reads as follows: " PITTSBURGH, BEAVER, NEW-LISBON, CANTON, AND WOOSTER, "LINE OF STAGES. "THE public are informed, that a regular line of Stages is now running from and to the above places, three times a week, leaving Pittsburgh on Tuesdays, Thursdays, and Saturdays, at 3 o'clock A.M. and arriving at New-Lisbon on the same day, at 7 o'clock P.M. —Leave New-Lisbon on Wednesdays, Fridays, and Sundays, at 3 o'clock A.M. and arrive at Wooster, at 7 o'clock P.M. the same day. " Offices for the above line: Griffiths', Wood street, Pittsburgh ; M'Clures', Beaver ; Watsons', New-Lisbon ; Dewalts', Canton; Hempherlys', Wooster. "To facilitate the transportation of passengers, arriving in New-Lisbon or Wellsville, on any other than the regular stage days, the subscribers have procured Good Carriages, Horses, and Careful Drivers, to ply daily between Lisbon & Wellsville, 14 miles from the former, at which place a STEAM-BOAT can ordinarily be procured, to proceed to PITTSBURGH, STEUBENVILLE or WHEELING. In addition to which a HACK will be constantly kept at the STAGE OFFICE of John Feehan, of Wellsville, to accommodate those preferring the latter mode of conveyance to any of the above places. "The proprietors of the accommodation line, just established, pledge themselves to spare no pains to render the situation of those who may favor him with their patronage both comfortable and agreeable. Fare reasonable, and every attention paid to baggage, but in all cases it must be at the risk of the owner. "JOHN FEEHAN, "DAVID WATSON. "N. B. Arrangements have been made to meet the Middlebnrry and Warren Stages in New-Lisbon, on Tuesdays and Saturdays, which stages will leave town regularly every Wednesday and Sunday mornings. "J. F. "D. W. "New Lisbon, May 23, 1829-69s." This enterprise was but the prelude to others in the same field, and in the following week notice was published of another line of stages, of which and other matters Mr. Gregg wrote for the Pioneer Society in part as follows:* " On the 30th of May, 1829, a flaming advertisement came out also in the Ohio Patriot for a New Lisbon, Wellsville, and Steubenville mail stage,' also to run three times a week, and signed ' M. Seydel, Union Hall Stage Office, New Lisbon.' This line was to leave the house of M. Seydel, New Lisbon, sign of the Union Hall, every Sunday, Wednesday, and Friday, at six o'clock A.M., and arrive at the stage office of John M. Jenkins, of Wellsville, * New Lisbon Journal, Sept. 11, 1876. at nine o'clock A.M., and to leave Wellsville at ten A.M., and arrive at Dohrman's Hotel, in Steubenville, at six o'clock P.M.,—that is, twelve hours from New Lisbon to Steubenville. " Soon after the publication of this latter advertisement the public were again notified, by advertisement of Feehan & Watson, that their line was to extend from Wooster to Mansfield, and that the line was also to run daily front Pittsburgh to Beaver. Such were the great mail-routes run by the old-fashioned stages forty-seven years ago. " When the writer of this essay came to Columbiana County, in March, 1835, the contracts for carrying the wails daily in old-fashioned stages or post-coaches were from Wellsville to Fairport, on the lake, and front Pittsburgh to Wooster ; and I well recollect seeing the tired horses come in daily, dragging the heavy stages, filled with passengers, through the hard roads, and sometimes the mud up to the axles. When the customary change of horses took place at the old Watson or Cross Keys Hotel, in New Lisbon, the horses would then move off as gayly as a new circus, and the poor tired and sleepy passengers, too, even seemed to be cheered up at the prospect of a new team ; and the driver would crack his whip, and swing himself on the stage-box, and look as if he felt as happy as Napoleon when he crossed the Alps to defeat the Austrians in Italy." The following stage-routes were in use in 1835. The tables give the distances between stations, and the total distance of each station from starting-point : From Ashtabula to Wheeling. Va. Stations Miles To Jefferson Austinburg 6 - 15 Morgan 3 - 18 Orwell 11 - 29 Bloomfield 5 - 34 Bristolville 4 - 38 Warren 11 - 49 Canfield 16 - 65 Columbiana 11 - 76 New Lisbon 10 - 86 Wellsville 12 - 98 Knoxville 8 - 106 Steubenville 13 - 119 Wellsburg 8 - 127 Wheeling 16 - 143 From Beaver, Pa., to Lower Sandusky. Stations. Miles. To Ohioville 11 Foulkatown 7 - 18 New Lisbon 14 - 32 New Garden 9 - 41 Paris 14 - 55 Osnaburg 6 - 61 Canton 4 - 65 Massillon 8 - 73 Dalton 11 - 84 Wooster 11 - 95 Jeromesville 15 - 110 Mifflin 10 - 120 Mansfield 8 - 128 Truxville 12 - 140 New Haven 11 - 151 La Fayette 5 - 156 Norwalk 13 - 169 Monroeville 6 - 175 Lyme 6 - 181 York 9 - 190 Lower Sandusky 9 - 199 From Beaver, Pa., to Cleveland. Stations Miles. To Griersburg 12 Petersburg 9 - 21 Poland 9 - 30 Boardman 3 - 33 HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 55

Stations	Miles
Canfield's Elsworth Milton Palmyra Edinburg Ravenna Stow Hudson Twinsburg Bedford Newburg Cleveland	5 5 8 3 7 6 10 6 5 7 5 5	38 43 51 54 61 67 77 83 88 95 100 105

A stage-route was established in 1833 from Wellsville, in Columbiana County, to Fairport, on Lake Erie ; and another, in 1835, from Wellsville to Cleveland. Both routes passed through New Lisbon and Salem. Before these lines were in operation mails were borne by carriers on foot from Salem, and probably from New Lisbon, to connect at Palmyra with the stage-route between Beaver and Cleveland,* named in the last schedule. FERRIES. June 13, 1818, the following rates were established by the commissioners : " for each ferry-keeper to demand and receive for the transportation of persons and property over the Ohio River : for each foot person, 61 cents ; man and horse, 12 cents ; loaded wagon and team, $1 ; every four-wheeled carriage, empty wagon and team, 621 cents ; for loaded cart and team, 50 cents ; for empty cart and team, sled, or sleigh and team, 311 cents ; for every horse or mare, mule, or head of neat-cattle, 61 cents ; for every sheep or hog, 3 cents." The ferriage " on all other waters in the county" was fixed at four cents for each foot person, one cent for every hog and sheep, and in other cases about one-half the rates charged for ferriage across the Ohio. STEAMBOATS. The first steamboat for navigating the Ohio River was built and launched in 1811, and was a joy and wonder to the inhabitants of the river townships who saw it pass on its first voyage from Pittsburgh to New Orleans. Down to the year 1832 there had been built for navigating the Western rivers three hundred and forty-eight steamboats, of which one hundred and ninety-eight were then running. Of the latter number there were built at Cincinnati, sixty-eight ; Pittsburgh, sixty-eight ; Louisville, two ; New Albany, twelve ; Marietta, seven ; Zanesville, two ; Fredericks-burgh, one ; Westport, one; Silver Creek, one ; Brush Creek, one ; Wheeling, two; Nashville, one; Frank fort, two ; Smithland, one ; Economy, one ; Brownsville, six ; Portsmouth, three ; Steubenville, two ; Beaver, two ; St. Louis, one ; New York, three ; Philadelphia, one ; not known, ten. Of the total number there were built in 1811, one ; 1814, four ; 1815, three ; 1816, two ; 1817, nine ; 1818, twenty-three ; 1819, twenty-seven ; 1820, seven ; 1821, six ; 1822, seven ; 1823, thirteen ; 1824, thirteen ; 1825, thirty-one ; 1826, fifty-two ; 1827, twenty-five ; 1828, thirty-one ; 1829, fifty-three ; 1830, thirty ; 1831, nine. Of these, one hundred and eleven were built at Cincinnati. CANAL. The Sandy and Beaver Canal Company was incorporated by act of Assembly passed Jan. 11, 1826. The act was * Vale history of Perry township, in this volume. amended March 9, 1830. Nearly nine years after the former date, Nov. 24, 1834,-t he work was formally begun at New Lisbon amid great rejoicing, Elderkin Potter performing the ceremony of " breaking ground" near the old furnace. Because of various embarrassments, the canal was not completed until 1846, the first boat from the East reaching New Lisbon October 26th, under command of Capt. Dunn. The arrival was the cause of great rejoicing. A jubilee meeting was held at Hanna's warehouse, at which William E. Russell made an appropriate speech in behalf of the citizens, to which Dr. Leonard Hanna gave an earnest response in behalf of the directors of the canal corporation. The day's celebration was closed with an exhibition of fireworks, and a supper and ball at the Watson House. One of the many packets which plied between New Lisbon and Pittsburgh was the " David Begges," commanded by Capt. George Ramsay, " one of the jolliest fellows that ever trod shipboard." A number of boats were built at New Lisbon. About a mile east of Hanover the canal was conducted through a tunnel nearly three-quarters of a mile in length to a point about one mile west of Dungannon. North of the latter glace there was a smaller tunnel about three hundred and fifty yards in length. At Gilford there were two reservoirs,-one of an area of four hundred and ninety acres, and one of less than half that size. Traces of the tunnels and reservoirs are yet plainly visible, and will be visible for years to come as reminders of an unfortunate project. The track of the canal may be traced over its entire original course through the township, but passing time is gradually obliterating the faint evidences of what at one time promised to be an important highway for traffic. RAILROADS. + The Pittsburgh, Fort Wayne and Chicago Railroad was opened between Salem and Alliance, a distance of thirteen miles, Nov. 27, 1851, and on the third day of January following cars ran from Columbiana to Pittsburgh. The Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad was opened for business between Wellsville and Cleveland in 1852, and between the former place and Pittsburgh Sept. 16, 1856. Prominent citizens of the county projected this road, chiefly residents of Wellsville. The Niles and New Lisbon Railroad was opened for sengers and traffic in 1865. The total length 'of the main lines of these railroads within the county of Columbiana is nearly one hundred miles, the first two embracing between them nearly the entire territory of the present county. CHAPTER XX. MILITARY HISTORY. MILITIA. THE Columbiana militia were first mustered in 1806, in the spring of which year the first battalion, under Maj. + See history of the townships of Hanover, Washington, Yellow Creek, Liverpool, and Centre, in this volume. Miles 56 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Lewis. Kinney, gathered on the farm owned by Jonah Robinson, situated on the Georgetown road and on the west side of the west fork of Beaver Creek, where musters were held for many years. The first muster of the second battalion, under Maj. John Taggart, took place on the farm of Matthias Lower, in Fairfield township, where the first Supreme and Common Pleas Courts were held. Many who were originally officers in the militia, or were promoted to such positions afterwards, became prominent in various capacities, civil and military. Brig.-Gen. Robert Simison became Associate Judge; Lieut.-Col. Reasin Beall, Clerk of the Court, Treasurer, and Recorder; Maj. Lewis Kinney served in the State Senate from 1808 to 1813 ; Maj. John Taggart, who lived in Unity township, near Palestine, became senator in 1806-7 ; Capt. Israel Warner was a captain in the war of 1812, and marched a company to the northern frontier; Lieut. Jacob Gilbert became captain, and Ensign Lindsey Cannon a lieutenant, in the war of 1812, as did also David Graham. Lieut Peter Musser was afterwards brigadier-general, a major in the war of 1812, and a member of the House of Representatives in 1821-22 ; Dr. Horace Potter, surgeon, was afterwards Clerk of the Court of Common Pleas, and Maj. Thomas Rowland, the first quartermaster,—who was subsequently County Treasurer,—marched a company of volunteers to the relief of Gen. Hull in 1812, and afterwards, having received the appointment of captain in the United States infantry, enlisted a company and again marched to the relief of the frontier; Fisher A. Blocksom, clerk of the regiment, became a representative in the General Assembly in 1826, and served until 1828, and again served from 1831 to '33. He was also senator in that body from 1847 to '51, and for several years " prosecuting attorney" of the county. The following item of history connected with the early operations of the county militia is introduced in the language of Mr. H. H. Gregg, as published in 1873 : " As early as March 2/i 1809, a call was made by the governor of Ohio, through Maj.-Gen. Wadsworth, upon Brig.-Gen. Beall to take effectual measures to arm and equip, according to law, one hundred and forty-four of the militia of his brigade, and hold in readiness to march, at a moment's warning, to meet some great national emergency. This emergency having passed, an order was issued by Maj.Gen. Wadsworth, dated Canfield, June 8, 1809, in which the troops were discharged, with the thanks of the President of the United States r to those volunteers whose patriotism induced them to volunteer their services in defense of the liberties of their country.' And Maj.-Gen. Wadsworth cordially congratulated the detachment on the happy change in our foreign relations which has made their services unnecessary." Roster of Columbiana Militia.*—The following list contains the names of all males in the county over eighteen years of age who were subject to military duty in 1806, and, as far as given, is the only correct list of the first inhabitants. The principal object in producing the names is * Contributed by H. W. Brown, Esq., New Lisbon. to show who were residents of Columbiana County at the date mentioned. A part of the record is lost or mutilated, as are some of the company rolls. The regiment. contained eighteen musicians and eight hundred and ten rank and file. FIRST REGIMENT, SECOND BRIGADE, FOURTH DIVISION, OHIO MILITIA. Organized May 8, 1806, in Columbiana County. Brig.-Gen., Robert Simison. Lieut.-Col., Reasin Beall, commander. Majors, Lewis Kinney, 1st battalion ; John Taggart, 2d battalion. Regimental Staff.—Adjutant, Jesse Marsh ; Surgeon, Horace Potter; Surgeon's Mate, David Gloss ; Clerk, Eisher A. Blocksom ; Quartermaster, Thomas Rowland ; Paymaster, George Weirick ; Sergt.-Major, Richard Buyer; Drum-Major, Jacob Musser ; Fife-Major, John Hoover. Captains, John Quinn, Alexander Snodgrass, Israel Warner, John Nichols, John Hindman, George Frederick, John Cannon, Thomas Keatch, William McLaughlin, Benjamin Bradfield. Lieutenants, George Wilson, Charles Ramsey, Jacob Gilbert, Peter Musser, John Stout, Jacob Frederick, Peter Kunkle, Jacob Stouffer, John Thompson, John Booth. Ensigns, Samuel Crawford, James Dawson, Michael Musser, Peter Forney, George Macklin, Joseph Kline, Lindsey Cantion, Jacob Roler, Richard McClanon, Garret Harland. Sergeants, William Moore, Nathaniel Mash, Robert Leeper,Nicl.lohlt Hickman, Joshua Downer, Michael Myers, John Curry, Martin Sitler, Samuel Martin, William Kelly, John Ayres, Isaac Poe, James Clendennon, Richard Hart, Samuel Jolly, Jacob Beard, Benjamin Bixby, John Fox, Thomas Frederick, John Sliehan, Levi Rogers, Joel Rogers, William Amens, William Willington, John. Blackburn, James Crozier, John Busliong, Andrew Martin, Michael Coxen. Corporals, William Fraser, Alex. Kelly, William Smith,. Thomas Lack, Michael Gross, Rudolph Brandeberry, John Shelton, William McCrady. Musicians, Stephen Palmer, John Rowel, Augustine Bushong. CAPT. WARNER'S COMPANY. Michael Manse'', John Kopelman, Frederick Sponsaler, Abraham Kaleler, John Rineman, John Nisewanger, Henry Stump, Jacob Karn, Michael Moyer, Reuben Taylor, John Height, John Shenefeld, John Musser, Henry Sheller, Jacob Musser, Conrad Moyer, Peter Summer, Abraham Crist, Michael Snyder, John Ecker, Michael Tutterhow, Phi lip Sipe, David Shoemaker, Jacob Musser, George Karn, Philip Geier, George Sprengle, John Moyer, Stophel Mouser, Jacob Height, George Snewbarker, Andrew Crist.. (The remainder of the roll is destroyed.) CAPT. JOHN NICHOL'S COMPANY. Jacob Sheeley, John Wattien, John Nidick, Peter Haek, Nicholas Forney, Samuel Neeley, Henry Augustine, Wm. Meontefer, George Welshons, James Elton, Abraham Waitin, Joshua Woods, Peter Atterholt, John Mowan, Wm. Hickman, Jacob Hale, Peter Oyster, Henry Watts, John Babel, Abraham Shellenberger, Adam Forney, Charles Long, James Andrews, George Andrews, Richard Dildine, Nicholas Firestone, James Haugherberg, Joseph Kape, Michael Mottinger, John Dickson, Henry Nideck, Henry Kale, Peter Slusser, Peter Bernhart, Wm. Andrews, Jeremiah Wood, Tobias Wise, James Hale, Joseph Marshall, Enos Williamson, James Adamson, John Miller, John Forney, John Augustine, George Augustine, Jacob Sheets, John Sheets, George Wersler, Joseph Robeson, Jacob Hum, John Henning, Michael Fox, Wm Heald, Michael Harshenlevy, Thomas Hanna,Joseph Woods, William Adams, Benj. Dilworth, John Johnson, Wm. Johnson, James Clay, Peter Foutts, Win. Chin, Adain Ream, John Crumbaugher, John Allen, John Pautions, George Miller, Henry Forney, Philip Slusser, Robert Martin, Isaac Allen, Paul Beard, Thomas Ashbaugh, John Ream, Benjamin Hanna, George Muragray, Philip Moutherspaugh, Philip Keale, Jas. Blackburn, Andrew Forney, John Foutts, Jacob Lively. CAPT. JOHN HINDMAN'S COMPANY. William Meek, John Woods, Boston Lowsure, Joseph Morrow, Alexander Rogers, Henry Lowsnre, Jacob Shook, John Shook, Valentine Shook, Jacob Lowsure, George Lowsure, Russell Keys, John Rupert, Jacob Meyer, Robert Hartford, 'Absalom Moyer, H. Reem, Henry Miser, Jacob Peter Tramp, Nicholas Firestone, Samuel Oyster, William Hevidestry, John Catt, George Catt, Martin Shalberger, William Rogers, Conrad Yarian, Jacob Mackiutoffer, Mathias Yarian, John Roose, Abraham Roose, Henry Harmon, Andrew Kintner, Henry Loutzenhaser, John Mason, Abraham Bair, James Swaim, Abraham Augustine, Josiah Baughman, George Clapper, Joseph Banghdoll, Isaac Augustine, Christian Wessler, John Augustine, Thomas Bradfield, Robert Martin, Michael Franks, John Rogers, Jacob lively, Mathias Goss, George lively, Martin Sitter, William Amens, John Alterfor, John Meek, William Hickman, John Wendel. CAPT. JOHN CANNON'S COMPANY. William Armstrong, Henry Campbell, Daniel Kirkendall, William Jones, George Carney, Thomas Cross, Joshua Chaney, James Eakins, James HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 57 McLaughlin, Thomas Enos, William Crawford, Mathew Roseburg, John Saint, Jesse Williams, John Beekly, Wil'iam Sheban, William George, William Paul, Jonathan Shaw, Alexander Bowers, Jolla Hewitt, Joseph Gasley, John White, Isaac ̊merman, Andrew Armstrong, David Bowers, Robert Huston, Gilbert Wright, Jahn McKee, Peter Chance, Cornelius Shehan, James Davidson, Mathew Cannon, Robert Hill, Jacob Demas, John Robinson, James Shaw, Abner Miller, Aaron Brooks, Alexander Crawford, John Spray, Josiah Hariman, Josiah Crawford. William Foutts, James McKee, Edward Crawford, Thomas Roseburg, William Wagner, David Ritchie, Adam Simlen, Alexander Wright, Levi Jennings, Peter. Cleekner, Robert Jackman, George Eakin, Benjamin Hnston, Thomas George, Silas Young, Stephen Reader, Samuel Smith, Elijah Lyons, Robert McKee, Samuel Brisby, William Eakins. CAPT. THOMAS KEATCH'S COMPANY. John Watkins, Joel Halloway, James Callihan, Jacob Mellinger, Sr, John Lawrence, George Mize, Nathan Gaskill, Mathias Wringle, John Robison, Thomas Webb, Henry Roller, Mathew Collins, Israel Gaskill, 'Mono's Shinn, Aaron Holloway, John Briggs, Philip Mead, John McCofinel, Michael Dour,John Teeters, Jacob Krouse, Peter. Stephan, Henry Gilbert, William Battershell, Henry Shray, Henry Davis, John Schooly, John Icenhour, Benjamin Scattergood, Henry Zintmernmn, Harmon Brown, Simon Dixon, David Hardman, John Weikert, John Bain, William Pigeon, John Snyder, Conrad Zimmerman, Christopher lively, John Grant, Isaac Teat, James Shoe, Jonathan Evans, Joseph Zimmerman, Jacob Roler, Jacob Smith, Jacob Melinger, Charles Fitzpatrick, Hugh Stuart, Henry Atherholt, John Faulk, John Hoffman, Daniel Wringle, John Heffice, Zacehens Test, Ebenezer Haines, William Callihan, Denis bristle, Melchor Mellinger, George Hoak, Thomas Ball, David Coy, George Irshey, Jonathan Haines, Michael Heiman, Jacob Cook, John Hively, Samuel Hoffman, Peter Zimmerman, Joseph Congenhour, Christian Meace, Peter Baker, Henry Stouffer, John Crozier, Joseph Geiger, Jacob Bnrke, William Taylor, James Battershell, Joseph Warred, Jesse ope,John Firestone, Elias Adgate. Benedict Mellinger, David McCannon, William Rose„Toshua Bowman, John Antrim, Joseph Wright, Thomas Cook, James Webb, George Yarnall, Caleb Cope, John Beeson, Christopher Caseman, Joseph Moore, William Altman, John McCarron, Brice Blake, Nathan Ball, James Carllen, Henry Rase, John Bait z, John Cannon, Peter Miller, Philip Reave, Henry Coy, Amos Sillavan, William Ogle, Patrick Kelly, Christian Bowman, James Wilson, It. Moore, David Schofield. CAPT. WILLIAM M'LAUGHLIN'S COMPANY. Thames Green, Jeptha Baker, John Watson, Francis Cross, George Mottinger, John Willets, Andrew Poe, Abraham Grim, James Beer, Stephen Brady, John Fife, John Hoover, Daniel Calder, Robert McAllister, William McCready, Joseph Richardson, Jeremiah McLaughlin, John McLaughlin, Ephraim Holloway, John Arthur, Godfrey Stoneh ill, James Price, Levy Blakelidge, James Golding, Thomas King, Henry Grim, John Soften, C. Van Worlen, Aaron Pearce, Robert McClannon, Daniel Longenecker, Jas. Slater, Robert Davis, Mordecai Moore, Nathan Brown, Peter Kinney, Martin Mason, Patrick McKaig, Michael Switzer, David Ehrhart, David Carnes, William Fife, George Wierick, Gideon Baker, Abraham Ryle, Samuel Holland, Josiah Ritchey, James Broddy, James Darland, Samuel Pollock, Andrew Armstrong, Jonathan Van Syac, Jacob Worman, Philip Fox, William Sheen, John Bryon, Moses Bean, Thomas Janison, Peter Wells, Joseph McLaughlin, Joseph Watson, George Miller, Henry Hamilton, Eldrekin Potter, Joseph Moore, Cornelius Darland, Ezekiel Moore, William Morgan, Henry Blinker, John Edwards, Silas Myers, Peter Cresinger, Richard Guthrie,Caspar Langle, Moses Jeffries, Stephen Van Syac, Henry Baughman, William Harrison, Christian Walters, Michael nutty, John King, Uriah White, John Eaton, Joseph McConnel, James Fife, Jacob Slater, John McAllister, James McAllister, Hugh King, John Koontz, William McLaughlin, Daniel Harbaugh, Jacob Young, Barnard Brandeberry, Peter Grim, Daniel Grim, lohn Votaw, Robert Blacklidge, Jacob Bowman, Isaac Randolph, William Teegarden, David Fife, William Guthrie, Brice Fisher, Robert Burton, Holland Green, David Wilson, George Duck, Lewis Pearce, John Thompson, John Campbell, George Punches, Joseph Burson, John Totton, Charles Mason, George Willets, Michael Powell, Jacob Brandeberry, Isaac Smalley, Mathew Brown, John L. Dilford, Philip Brandeberry. CAPT. BRADFIELD'S COMPANY. George Brown, Frederick Zepernick, Samuel Milliourn, Nathan Heald, Jr., John Underwood, John Stokesberry, Job Rossel, Nathan Hale, John Meeks, Levy Antram, Nathan MeClun, John Edgars, Joseph Bradfield, Peter Milhourn, Latham Morrison, William Allman, Thomas Amens, Nicholas Herrick, George Grate, Frederick Way, John Preston, Stephen Morlan, John Blackford, John Edmenson, Peter Cortney, John James, Jr., Joseph Williams, John Campbell, Daniel Gamed, Smith Bell, Caleb Cogill, Joseph Hemphrist, Ebenezer Allman, Samuel Richardson, Joseph Modem Alexander Rogers, Robert Morris, Peter Rich, John Hutton, David Capheda, James Eeazel, Jonathan Morris, Lewis Meliday, John Wilson, James Cogill, Huston Middleton, David Hntson, Robert McCliab, Andrew Wisely, Jason Morlan, Jr., David Morris, Isaac James, John Siddal, Jesse McCannal, James Ferran, John Woods, John Fillis, William Hatcher, John Grate, William Feazel, Charles Folks, Aaron Ashfield, John Fisher, Amos Preston, Thomas Cogill, Joseph Stratton, John Hilles, David Shook, Thomas Garwood, William Johnson, Stephen Ogden, Abraham Johnson, Mechlin Haines, Richard Finis, Jacob Welker, Thomas James, James E. Colwell, William Peulsten, Matthias Stark, William Harrison, Isaiah Morris, David Hole, William Alert, Nicholas Hiles, William Brown, Israel Reader, Samuel Rick, John Glass, Jacob Bricket, John Snyder, Josiah Engle, Jacob S.liert, David Hawley, Jacob McClish, Barnard Eenzel, Robert Rogers, Benjamin Reeves,John Welliliara, Henry Freet, Richard Beeson, Erancis Briggs, James Siddal, William Sidilal, Jonah Moreland, Amos Harvey, Joseph Cartnalds, George Renter, John Cope, Enos Woods, Samuel Walliham, John Altdoerff,r, Jacob Porgy, T11,411114 Armstrong, Alexander Huston. Wellsville Militia and Cavalry.—Wellsville boasted, in the days of 1814, a crack militia company, known as the Wellsville Light Artillery, Capt. Henry Cope. The command numbered fifty-one men, carried a twelve-pound Napoleon gun, and paraded in a showy uniform consisting of red coats, white pants, and stiff hat with brilliant plume. They are said to have made a very imposing appearance when out in the full pomp of display, and during the company's eight years' existence, from 1844 to 1852, their red coats and white pants glistened in public at general musters, Fourth of July celebrations, parades, and on other occasions. It was while in camp at New Lisbon that the company received orders to prepare to take. the field of active service in the campaign against Mexico. Arrangements were at once set afoot for a departure for the seat of war ; but just then peace was declared, and the company lost a chance to win glory upon the tented plain. Before the days of the artillery and contemporaneous with it, Judge J. A. Riddle commanded a cavalry company attached to the State militia, with headquarters at Wellsville. In 1858, Capt. Henry Cope organized the Wellsville Guards, with A. H. Battin as first lieutenant ; James T. Smith, second lieutenant ; and J. H. H. Hunter third lieutenant. Upon the breaking out of the war of the Rebellion in 1861, the entire command, with one exception, enlisted in the service, and went out under the three months' call in Company K, Third Regiment Ohio Volunteers. CHAPTER XXI. MILITIA MILITANT. THE organized militia of Columbiana were at different times called to active service in the field, and responded with patriotic ardor to whatever summons. Whether to meet the "great national emergency" of 1809, whose history seems to be now involved in something of obscurity, to sustain the national arms in the more serious conflict of 1812, or, still later, in the war with Mexico, the citizen soldiery of the county were ever ready at a moment's warning. MEN DRAFTED FOR SERVICE IN 1809. The following were drafted for service under the call for troops, in 1809, to meet the " great national emergency," which is elsewhere mentioned in this history of the militia. FIRST BATTALION. Jacob Gilbert, Captain ; Andrew Hahn, John Nidick, Philip Kollance, Christian Sidenor, Jacob Hickenlively, Andrew Snmmer, Michael Shaffer. From Capt. Warner's Company.—Peter Wetright, Michael Pitts, Christian Grist,* David Shoemaker,* David Summer, David Taylor,* Frederick Klitts. * With rifle, pouch, and horn. 8 58 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. From Capt. Bitshony's Company.—Abraham Fox, Joseph Woods, Michael Motinger, James Armstrong, John Cope, James Boulton, l'arnall Hall. From Capt. Grernmire's Company.—Adam Fonrney, William Andrew, Michael Franks, Henry Bodman, John Taggart. SECOND BATTALION. Second Lieutenant, Joseph Zimmerman; Foarth Ensign, Christly Miece; lieszellea Betz, James Gregham, Hugh Fenster, Ensile Teeters,* Michael Durr.* From Captain Altman's Company.—George Beta, Henry Dixon, John Beeson, George Yarnell, Caleb Cope, Samuel Huffman, James Whitacre, George Yearger. From Captain Little's Company.—John Harnts,* Jacob Crouse.* From Captain Baler's Company.—John Watkins, Joel Holloway, John Lawrence,* Andrew Alison, Henry Beck, Jabez Smith, a rifle, Robert Wallace, Israel Gaskel!, a musket. The battalions were under Majs. Keith and Musser, and numbered in all fifty-five men. The return, dated May 3, 1809, certifies this to be the correct number drafted out of the Second Regiment, Second Brigade, and Fourth Division of Ohio Militia, and is signed by John Hindman, Colonel of Second Regiment. LAST WAR WITH ENGLAND. An interesting account of matters in the county involving the movements of the militia is also given by Mr. Gregg, and is as follows : " Of the war of 1812, Mr. Blocksom gave me some reminiscences which I will here relate. On the 18th of June war was declared, and soon afterwards Capt. Thomas Rowland raised a company of volunteers and marched to join Gen. Hull at Detroit, encamping the first night at the barn on the old Stuck farm, a mile west of New Lisbon, then owned by Gen. Beall. When this company arrived at the river Raisin, thirty miles from Detroit, intelligence reached them of Hull's surrender, and soon a demand was made by the British for the surrender of Capt. Rowland and his company. To this they refused to accede, retreated, and returned home. " Major-Gen. Wadsworth, residing in Canfield, receiving information of Hull's surrender, sent an express to Brig.-Gen. Beall, which arrived at New Lisbon about midnight on Sunday the 23d of August, 1812.t On receiving the information, Gen. Beall aroused the male inhabitants of the town, and a meeting was held at a hotel kept where C. L. Frost now resides and keeps his grocery. Runners were appointed to arouse the militia of the county, and to notify the various captains of militia companies, and their commands, to meet in New Lisbon about;Tuesday or Wednesday after. The county was thoroughly aroused and a large attendance of militia took place, filling the town with a great number of people, and during the time, of course, great excitement prevailed, the greatest gathering being in and around the Stone House on Washington Street, then kept as a hotel, the depot of arms being in a log building which stood on the west side of the same lot, and but a few feet from the stone house. Mr. Blocksom was appointed, and immediately started as an express to Beavertown. On his arrival, however, he found the news of Hull's surrender had already reached there, and they were holding a meeting to take active measures to arouse the people of Beaver County. “By Friday the militia were ready to march, and left New * With rifle, pouch, and horn. + Gen. Hull surrendered Aug. 16, 1812. Lisbon, one company of volunteers commanded by Capt. William Foulks, and a company of cavalry commanded by Capt. Daniel Harbaugh." While the excitement was at fever-heat, a horseman suddenly appeared from the direction of Hanover and announced the Indians coming, slaying and scalping in their course. The alarm became so great that a number of families hastened away with their effects, most of whom passed down the west fork of Little Beaver and crossed the Ohio into Pennsylvania. The rider proved a false messenger, there being no occasion for the alarm. Five or six companies of volunteers and enlisted men and three or four companies of drafted militia were furnished by the county for the defense of the frontier. Besides those already mentioned were companies of volunteers commanded by Capts. John Ramsay and Israel Warner, and companies of drafted men commanded by Capts. Jacob Gilbert, Joseph Zimmerman, William Blackburn, and Martin Sitler, the regimental officers being Col. Hindman, Majs. Peter Musser and Jacob Frederick. Maj. Frederick was a representative in 1811, and Capts. Foulks, Harbaugh, and Blackburn at a later date. NEW LISBON IN THE WAR OF 1812 ++ Capt. Rowlands Companies.—At the breaking out of the war of 1812, Capt. Thomas Rowland, of New Lisbon, raised a volunteer company at that place, which was afterwards encamped, with other Ohio militia forces, on the river Raisin, forty miles from Detroit, and was included in Hull's surrender ; but the officers held a consultation and concluded that they would not surrender. That night they abandoned their fort and made good their retreat to Urbana, where the men were discharged. Subsequently to this, Capt. Rowland received the appointment of captain in the Seventeenth Regiment, United States army, and in the latter part of the spring of 1813 raised a second company at New Lisbon. To arouse the necessary military ardor he issued the following appeal : "YOUNG MEN OF COURAGE, ENTERPRISE, AND PATRIOTISM,—Your country calls you to the field to assist in vigorously prosecuting a war which has been entered into, where every honorable means to avert it have failed. The encouragement given to soldiers is greater than has been known before. Every able-bodied soldier who shall enter the service for twelve months shall receive sixteen dollars bounty and eight dollars per month, with clothing and rations. Step forward with cheerfulness, and tender to your country your service for a few months, to assist in bringing to an honorable issue a war which a contrary course might protract for years. " THOMAS ROWLAND, "Capt.17th Regiment, U. S. Army." The appeal was not in vain. The company was raised and marched for Sandusky, July 16, 1813. A few days previous to its departure great excitement prevailed in New Lisbon. Many relatives of the young men who had enlisted endeavored to obtain their release, even after they had already received the bounty, and, acting on the counsel of a lawyer named Reddick, many writs of habeas corpus for their discharge were issued. To prevent the writs being served on him, Capt. Rowland marched his company out of the village in the form of a hollow square, with himself and music in the centre, and in this order traveled an entire ++ Prepared by John Frost, of New Lisbon. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 59 day. Reddick followed to Cleveland, when an order, issued for his arrest by Col. Ball, caused his sudden departure the following night. If Reddick, a sort of " shyster" lawyer, ever made his appearance in New Lisbon again, it must have been for a very short time, for he was ever after regarded with contempt. How long Capt. Rowland's company remained in the service, or who composed it, cannot be definitely ascertained, nor has the muster-roll of the other company been preserved. Capt. Harbaugh's Light Dragoons.—The following list of Capt. Daniel Harbaugh's company of light dragoons is copied from the muster-roll of September, 1812: Captain, Daniel Harbaugh ; First Lieutenant. David Scott; Second Lieutenant, George Clarke; Cornet, Michael Wirtz; First Sergeant, James Watson ; Second Sergeant, Jonathan Whitacre; Third Sergeant, Mardecni Moore ; Fourth Sergeant, Henry Hephner; Farrier, John Kuntz; Trumpeter, Daniel Lindesmith ; Privates, Abner Allaou, Samuel Blackburn, Andrew Forbes, Henry Aten, John Eli., David Fife, John Goble, Morris E. Morris, Philip Meis, William Moore, Thomas Moore, John McKin.ey, Elemuel Swearingen, Benoni Swearingen, George Wilson, Andrew Willibury, Matthew Adams, Fisher A. Blocksom, Holland Green, John McMillen, Edmond Keys, Nicholas Sampsell, Thomas C. King, James Brady, Michael Groper, Martin Bridenstein, William Davis, John Hollinger, John McKaig, Joseph Woods, Samuel Swearingen, John Rogers, Alexander Rogers, Samuel Hunt, John Folku, John MarchInt, Martin Armstrong, John Poe, Nathan Davis (captain's boy), Benjamin Paul, Frederick Zepernick (com.), Philip Houtz, Andrew Cruthers. The paucity of accessible records prevents giving a fuller and more satisfactory account of the patriotism of the people in this vicinity (New Lisbon) at a time when the courage of men was tried. YELLOW CREEK IN 1812. Yellow Creek furnished some of its best citizens for service in the war of 1812. Of those who went out the names are recalled of David Maylone, Jeremiah Hickman, Nicholas Hickman, William Moore, and Henry Arter. COLUMBIANA IN THE REBELLION. The county of Columbiana furnished for the war of the Rebellion her full proportion of soldiers, and the record of their behavior in all emergencies of the unfortunate civil contest is most honorable. A full, detailed description of the movements of the several regiments containing men front Columbiana cannot be given, and would be undesirable in these pages. The following sketches are, in part, and except as otherwise mentioned, abridged from the volumes by Whitelaw Reid entitled " Ohio in the War." The quotations are principally from the second volume of that work. Sketches of several regiments had been promised, but were not furnished in time for publication in this volume ; in these cases short notices have been substituted. MORGAN'S RAID. In the month of July, 1863, John Morgan, the Confederate raiding general, crossed the Ohio from Kentucky into Indiana with artillery and cavalry. He moved up the river, plundering and ravaging, closely pursued by Union troops, and encamped near Monroeville, Jefferson Co., Ohio. The excitement became intense in the country occupied by the raiding forces, and increased as he progressed northward, and was in no wise appeased by the exaggerated reports concerning them. "The entire community," says one account, " was in agitation. Many capable of' performing military duty went to Salineville, and spent the night under arms. Some of those who remained at home passed the night in wild excitement, and all were in deep suspense. As the sun rose on a beautiful Sabbath morning couriers came in haste exclaiming, ' Morgan is coming ; he is robbing ! stealing horses!! and pressing soldiers into his service ! ! !' These messengers increased the excitement. Some hid their money ; others secreted their horses in the thickets." At Salineville, Morgan encountered a Federal force under General Shackelford, with whom he had a sharp skirmish, but escaped with his forces in the direction of Summitville, in the township of Franklin, from whence he was hotly pursued into the township of Wayne. At that place he made his last stand, and was finally captured on the farm of David Burbick, near the township line. It is related by those conversant with the facts that the bold raider, John Morgan, was captured by Capt. Harvey Hibbetts, in command of a troop of home-guards, who turned him over to Gen. Shackelford. Beyond creating great alarm among the inhabitants and stealing all the horses within reach of his forces, the raid of Morgan was not a serious affair. FIRST REGIMENT.* The 1st Ohio was organized, under President Lincoln's first call for troops, in April, 1861. Its nucleus was found in some of the old militia companies, and its ranks were largely filled by young men of the best social and pecuniary advantages from Southwestern Ohio. Within sixty hours after the telegraph brought the President's call the cars were bearing the regiment to Washington. It met, however, with vexatious delays on the route, and did not arrive on the Potomac till the danger was averted. Its earliest action was that at Vienna, whither Gen. Schenck's brigade,—to which it was attached,—in careful obedience to Gen. Scott's orders, and with his approval, was moving by rail. The rebels were found much sooner than Gen. Scott had expected. They fired into the train, but the 1st, followed by the rest of the brigade, hastily debarked, formed on the side of the track, and made so handsome a resistance that they were presently able to retire unmolested and with comparatively small loss. In the battle of' Bull Run the 1st had little active share, but it and the rest of the brigade were kept in excellent order through all the disaster, and they rendered incalculable service in covering the retreat. Its losses were slight. The term of service of the regiment having now expired, it was sent home and mustered out. In August, 1861, the regiment began the work of reorganization, which was not completed until October. Its place of rendezvous was at Camp Corwin, near Dayton. October 31st it left Dayton and reached Cincinnati ; November 4th received its arms, and on the 5th left on the steamer Telegraph No. 3" for Louisville. Arriving at midnight, it went into Camp York, near that city. November 8th it embarked for West Point, at the mouth of Salt River, moved thence, on the 15th, via Elizabethtown, to *Abridged from "Ohio in the War." 60 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. Camp Nevin,—arriving on the following day,—where it reported to Gen. A. 111. McCook, then in command of the 2d Division of the Army of the Cumberland. Soon after, it was brigaded with the 1st Kentucky, or Louisville Legion, 6th Indiana, 1st Battalion 15th United States Infantry, and battalions of the 16th and 19th Infantry, forming the 4th Brigade of the 2d Division. The regiment marched to Bacon Creek, and on the 17th of December to Green River,—the last four miles under the inspiration of music from Willich's guns at Munfordsville. As the regiment marched into camp that evening the dead and wounded of the 32d Indiana were being brought in from the field. It remained in camp at Green River until February 14th, receiving thorough drill and preparation for the field. On that day it received orders to join Gen. Grant's forces, then moving on Fort Henry. It marched to Upton Station, and bivouacked in the snow until the morning of the 16th, when the news of the fall of Fort Henry caused a retrograde movement to Green River. Thence, on the 17th, it marched to Nashville,—arriving March 3d,—and encamped at night five miles out on the Franklin turnpike. The night was one of storm, sleet and snow, and pitchy darkness, and the men suffered from cold and exposure. On the 16th it marched to Duck River, arriving on the 21st, and on the 31st crossed the river and moved towards Savannah. On the 6th of April cannonading was heard in the direction of Shiloh, which caused a forced march of thirteen miles to Savannah, which was made in three hours, and to Pittsburg Landing, where the regiment arrived at daylight the next morning. At six A.M. the regiment moved to the front and formed in line of battle, occupying a position on the left of its brigade, and to the right of Gen. Crittenden's division. After fighting until about noon, charging and driving the enemy steadily, and recapturing Gen. Sherman's headquarters' camp, the regiment retired to replenish its ammunition- boxes, leaving a part of the 5th Brigade as its relief. Ammunition being procured, the 1st returned to the field and participated in the general charge on the enemy's lines. Col. Gibson's regiment being menaced by the enemy on its left flank, the 1st Ohio and 19th Regulars went to its relief, arriving just in time to repulse a vigorous attack from the rebels. This closed the terrible battle,. in which the regiment lost sixty men and officers killed and wounded. It was ordered back to the Landing, where it bivouacked that night in the rain and mud. The regiment participated in the movement on Corinth. On the 27th of May six companies, under Major Bassett Langdon, had a brisk fight at Bridge Creek, and on the 30th the national forces entered Corinth. June 10th the 1st started for Nashville, passing through Iuka, Tuscumbia, Florence, and Huntsville, and arrived by cars at Boiling Creek, July 7th. On the 14th it went to Tullahoma by rail, returned to Cowan's Station on the 18th, and on the 24th of August, under Gen. J. W. Sill, marched for Pelham, where it joined the forces under Gen. A..111. McCook. On the 28th it marched to Altamont, on the Cumberland Mountains, and on the 30th for Nashville, arriving near that place September 7th. In company with Gen. Buell's army, after a toilsome march it reached Louisville, September 26th, ahead of the rebel forces under Gen. Bragg. Thence the regiment marched to Shelbyville, October 2d, Frankfort, October 6th, lost eight or ten men at Dog-Walk in a fight with the enemy on the 9th, effected a junction with Gen. Buell on the 11th, two days after the battle of Perryville, and went into camp on that battle-field. The regiment reached Danville on October 14th, camped four days at Logan's Creek, near Hall's Gap, and thence—the pursuit of Bragg's forces having ended--marched to Nashville, arriving there November 16th. Gen. Rosecrans, having succeeded Gen. Buell, reorganized the whole army, which received the name of " Army of the Cumberland." The 1st became a part of the 14th Army Corps, 2d Division, of the right wing of the army. The regiment participated in the battle of Stony River, where for a time the national forces were driven back. The 1st in this action was broken into squads, yet did good service in checking the enemy, and later in the day was again rallied and formed on the right of the 6th Ohio, where it fought gallantly until driven back. At Murfreesboro' the army was reorganized, and the 1st Ohio placed in the 2d Division of the 20th Army Corps. June 24, 1863, the movement on Tullahoma commenced, and on that day, at Liberty Gap, the regiment was under a heavy artillery fire. Passing through Manchester, Tullahoma was reached at one o'clock on the night of July 1st. The day following, two men of the 1st were killed by the accidental explosion of shells left in the abandoned camp of the rebels. August 16th the line of march was resumed, passing through Estell Springs, Winchester, Salem, across Smoky Mountain, through White and Paint Rock Gaps, and encamping at Bellefonte, on the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, on the 22d. On August 30th the regiment moved to Stevenson, Ala., having joined the ChickaMauga campaign, and on the day following crossed the Tennessee at Caperton's Ferry. September 2d it ascended the Sand or Raccoon Mountains, marched across them to Winston's Gap, and on the 9th crossed the Lookout range. On the afternoon of September 13th the troops were recalled from Brootntown Valley. They crossed the Lookout range, moved down the valley, ascended Lookout again on the 16th, and, passing along its crest, descended at Catlett's Gap, near Pond Springs, having marched twenty-six miles in one day. September 18th the 1st Ohio was placed on picket near the right of the national lines. There was constant firing between the pickets during this day. At nine o'clock A.M. of the 19th the regiment was relieved from picket-duty, and marched to the support of Gen. Thomas. After a march of ten miles, frequently stopping to form line of battle, the regiment reported to Gen. Thomas, was placed in line of battle with the 2d Division, and directed to recover the ground from which Gen. Baird's division had just been driven with great slaughter. The position of the 1st was in the front line, on the right of the 4th Brigade. While forming its line and preparing for a charge, it was subjected to heavy firing. Two men were torn from its ranks by round-shot. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 61 The charge was made, the enemy driven from the captured position, and all the artillery lost by Terrill in the morning retaken, with two guns belonging to the enemy. About dusk the enemy, having been reinforced, made another attack, which, in the gathering darkness, became a terrific fight, in which the 1st Ohio took conspicuous part, as also in the fight of the following day. At its close the national forces formed and marched to Rossville. The regiment lost in this battle, in killed and wounded, one hundred and twenty, a majority of whom fell in the terrific fight of Saturday evening. Lieut. John W. Jackson, a resident of New Lisbon, Ohio, was killed in this action. He was a gallant and meritorious officer, and was greatly lamented by his fellow-soldiers. A gallant soldier, Sergt. Burgtorf, was also killed. Among the wounded were Capt. Darnbursch and Lieuts. Grove and Hallenburg. The lust named fell into the hands of the enemy. The national forces withdrew to Chattanooga on the 22d of September. The 1st Ohio was assigned a. position on the left of the Chattanooga road, its right resting at the bridge over Chattanooga Creek, where it lay for one hour and a half under the fire of two rebel batteries without being able to return a shot, and lost one killed and five wounded. This position was occupied by the regiment until the night of the 25th of September, fighting the enemy by day and building earthworks by night; it then fell back to the second line of earthworks, and for the first time in eight days the men were allowed to throw off their accoutrements and rest in comparative safety. From the beginning of March, 1863, up to and including the battle of Chickamauga and the operations around Chattanooga, Lieut.-Col. Bassett Langdon was in command of the 1st Ohio. About the 20th of October the 20th Army Corps was consolidated with the 4th Corps, and the 1st Ohio was brigaded under Gen. Hazen in the 3d Division of that corps. The regiment participated in the surprise and capture of the ridge commanding Brown's Ferry (on the Tennessee River) and the roads between Lookout Valley and the Raccoon Mountains, and in the battle of Orchard Knob, November 23d, where they charged on and captured the rifle-pits of the enemy; took one hundred and fifty prisoners, and drove the rebels into their intrenchments at the foot of Mission Ridge. The regiment held the captured position until the 25th, when it was placed in the front line, on the right of the brigade and division. At the signal of three guns the forces moved across the open ground nearly a mile, saluted by the numerous batteries of the enemy on the crest of the ridge, and forced the rebels to abandon their works in the field. Lieut.-Col. Langdon saw the necessity of making a dash at the ridge. Getting his regiment in line and rising to the height of the occasion, he pointed with his sword to the summit of the ridge and moved on. The whole command caught the inspiration, and mounted the almost perpendicular sides of the hill with an energy almost superhuman. In the face of a terrible fire, by which five color-bearers of the regiment were either killed or wounded, the 1st pressed on and broke over and carried the works and the crest of the hill. Within twenty paces of the summit' the last colorbearer—Capt. Trapp, of Company G—was wounded twice, and Lieut.-Col. Langdon was shot in the face, the ball coming out at the back of his neck. Maj. Stafford, of the 1st, was wounded at the foot of the hill, but accompanied his regiment to the top, and carried the flag into the works on the crest. Lieut. Christopher Wollenhaupt and Sergt.Maj. Ogden Wheeler were killed near the crest of the ridge. The entire loss of the regiment was five officers and seventy-eight men killed and wounded. Nov. 28th the 1st marched to the relief of Gen. Burnside at Knoxville. On this march, and during the East Tennessee campaign, the men suffered much from cold, scanty rations, and ragged clothing. Jan. 17, 1864, the regiment had a brisk engagement at Dandridge, losing some men. May 4th the 1st Ohio started with Sherman's forces on the Atlantic campaign. On the 10th, Lieut. Darnbursch and sixteen men were wounded and three killed in a skirmish at Buzzard's Roost, and on the 14th, near Resaca, two were killed and sixteen wounded. Among the severely wounded was Capt. Louis Kuhlman, of Company D. The next day four were killed and twelve wounded. On the 17th, in a sharp skirmish, two were killed and two wounded, one of the latter being Lieut. George McCracken, of Company H. May 27th, at Burnt Hickory, the regiment lost two officers Lieuts. Dickson and Grove—and eight men killed, and two officers and seventy-one men wounded. June lith, at Kenesaw, eight men were wounded. At the crossing of Chattahoochie River two men were killed. After this affair the regiment did not meet with any notable encounters. Almost immediately thereafter it was mustered out by companies,—the last one on the 14th of October, 1864. During its term of service the 1st Ohio was engaged in twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and had five hundred and twenty-seven officers and men killed and wounded. It saw its initial battle at Pittsburg Landing, and closed its career in front of Atlanta. It marched about two thousand five hundred miles, and was transported by car and steamboat nine hundred and fifty miles. THIRD INFANTRY REGIMENT. This regiment was raised in the suburbs of Columbus, Ohio, at Camp Jackson, its organization completed April 21, 1861, and mustered into service April 27th. Three days afterwards the regiment had arrived at Camp Dennison with materials for constructing its own headquarters. It spent the month of May in drill and other preparations for the field, receiving for arms old flint-locks altered to percussion. The first enlistment was for three months, which having nearly expired, the regiment re-enlisted for three years unhesitatingly. Reorganization was effected on the 12th day of June by a choice of the same officers. Jan. 20, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Grafton, Va., and its passage by rail, " in war's full panoply," by the way of Columbus, Xenia, and Central Ohio, was an event marked by a sad enthusiasm. It arrived at Bellaire June 22d,being the first regiment to leave Ohio,—crossed the river to Benwood, was supplied with ammunition, and proCeeded to Grafton, where it reported to Maj.-Gen. McClellan. Two 62 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. days were spent in quarters in deserted houses at Fetterman, whence the regiment moved by rail to Clarksburg, and was there supplied with camp-equipage and other material for an active campaign. Having been brigaded with the 4th and 9th Ohio and Loomis' Michigan Battery, under Brig.-Gen. Schleich, of Fairfield County, the regiment. moved with the army, and on July 5th was at Buckhannon, Va. On that day fifty men under Capt. Lawson, of Company A, while reconnoitering the road towards the rebel position at Rich Mountain, encountered a party of the enemy at Middle Fork Bridge, and in an unsuccessful attempt to dislodge them Private Johns was killed and five others of the detachment wounded. Pursuing the enemy from Rich Mountain, the 3d reached Beverly with the army July 12th, and thence proceeded to Huntsville and Cheat Mountain summit, where the pursuit was abandoned. March 4th the regiment marched to Elkwater Creek, and engaged in the labor of fortifying and scouting and in the routine duties of camp life until September 11th, when it participated in several skirmishes with the advancing forces of Gen. Lee, who was finally repulsed. The campaign being ended, the regiment proceeded, via Clarksburg and Parkersburg, to Cincinnati, where it arrived November 28th, and thence to Louisville, Ky., and from that place to Camp Jenkins, four miles distant. At the last place named the Army of the Ohio was organized, in which the 3d Ohio was assigned to the 3d Division, Gen. 0. M. Mitchell commanding. On the 17th of December the regiment went into winter-quarters at Camp Jefferson. February 22d the regiment broke camp and marched to Nashville, and thence southward with the column of Gan. Mitchell, and participated in the capture of Murfreesboro' and the occupation of Shelbyville and Fayetteville, Tenn., and also in the descent on Huntsville and in the battle of Bridgeport. On the 23d of August the 3d, with other troops, evacuated Huntsville, and marched to. Decherd Station, at which time Gen. Bragg was trying to force the national arms from points south of the Tennessee River. On the 27th of August a train conveying a detachment of the 3d, with sick soldiers and hospital stores from Stevenson, was fired into by the rebels, and a number of those on board seriously wounded. The march from Decherd to Louisville was begun soon afterwards, and was one of excessive fatigue and hardship, the regiment arriving at the latter place on the morning of September 25th. A few d tys of rest ensued, followed by more active campaigning. At Perryville, Ky., the enemy were again encountered. " The rebel attack was fierce and deadly, but notwithstanding their exposure, the 3d stood its ground, and returned volley for volley until more than one-third of its number had fallen, dead or wounded: "In the opening of the battle Color-Sergt. William V. McCoubrie, who stood a little in advance, bearing aloft the standard of the regiment, was killed. Five others shared the same fate, and a sixth rushed forward and caught the colors ere they touched the ground. This last gallant hero was a beardless boy of seventeen, named David C. Walker, of Company C, who successfully carried the flag through the remainder of the action, and was rewarded for his bravery by being made color-sergeant on the battle-field by Col. Beatty." Night put an end to the unequal conflict. The valor of the 3d is fully attested when it is stated that its loss in this battle was two hundred and fifteen officers and men, killed and wounded. Among the killed were Capt. McDougall, of Company A ; Capt. E. Cunard and Lieut. J. St. John, of Company I; and Lieut. Starr, of Company K. The regiment, after a short delay at Newmarket, Ky., again entered Nashville, Nov. 30, 1862. Gen. Rosecrans had succeeded Gen. Buell in the command of the army, which he thoroughly reorganized, placing the 3d Ohio in the Reserve Division, Gen. Rousseau commanding. A time of quiet in camp was succeeded by the battle of Stone River. In this conflict the 3d, which occupied a position on the right centre, maintained a stubborn opposition to the impetuous onset of the enemy, and, being exposed to a galling fire, lost heavily. " Early in the second day of the battle the 3d Ohio was posted on the extreme left of the national line, and employed in guarding a crossing of Stone River. The first day and night of the new year (1863) were passed at this ford. On Friday morning the regiment was relieved, and returned to the centre just in time to receive a share of the fierce cannonade opened by the rebels on that day. "On Saturday morning, the 3d of January, the regiment took a position in the front, and its skirmish line was briskly engaged for the greater part of the forenoon. In the afternoon the regiment was withdrawn, with others, to make preparations to charge the woods in front of the national centre, from which the rebel sharpshooters kept up a galling fire. The charge was made at dark, the 3d Ohio moving down between the railroad and pike on the double-quick. It captured the rebel pickets and first line of breastworks, and held the position under a heavy fire until it was ordered to retire. This proved to be the last of the battle of Stone River, as during the night the rebel army retreated hastily on Shelbyville and Tullahoma." After another interval of rest—consuming about three months--in camp at Murfreesboro', the most disastrous of the miry campaigns in which the regiment participated was opened. Early in April, 1863, the regiment was detached from the main army, and, in company with the 51st and 73d Indiana and 18th Illinois Infantry Regiments and two companies of the 1st Alabama Cavalry, was dispatched on raiding service in Northern Georgia. Daring the period from the 8th to the 30th of the month the expedition was measurably successful, but on the latter day was attacked by a large cavalry force under General Reddy, and a desperate fight ensued. The enemy were finally routed by a charge of the Union forces, in which " the 3d Ohio alone captured the rebel battery of twelve-pounders, with its caisson and ammunition." After resuming their march, General Forrest, who happened to be near at hand, pursued the nationals, overtaking the 3d Ohio, which was in the rear, and gave fight. The regiment maintained its ground against great odds until the arrival of assistance, when the rebels were again beaten, and the 3d continued its march to Gadsden. In a third battle, which took place HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA. COUNTY, OHIO - 63 eleven miles above Gadsden, the regiment lost a large number of men. On the morning of May 3d, while at Cedar Bluffs, twenty-two miles from Rome, General Forrest appeared with his rebel cavalry, and at once sent in a demand for a surrender. The brigade was in poor trim for fighting ; the horses were jaded, and the ammunition had been almost wholly destroyed at the recent fording of the Catoosa. Terms of surrender were agreed upon, and the brigade, including the 3d Ohio, were made prisoners of war. The regiment proceeded to Atlanta, and thence via Knoxville to Richmond, " where it was quartered in the open air on Belle Isle until the 15th of May, when the men were paroled and the officers sent to Libby Prison. The regiment was soon embraced in provisions for exchange, and subsequently took part in the pursuit and capture of the rebel Morgan and his raiders. It also did service in various ways at Bridgeport, Chickamauga, and Battle Creek ; was sent against Wheeler's cavalry to Anderson Gap, Tenn., thence down the Sequatchie Valley to Looney Creek, where it remained some time repairing roads and aiding in the passage of trains to Chattanooga. Nov. 18, 1863, the regiment marched to Kelly's Ferry, on the Tennessee, and there remained until after the battle of Mission Ridge. Its next move was to Chattanooga, where it performed garrison duty until June 9, 1864, when it received orders to report to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where, its term of service having expired, it was mustered out, June 23,' 1864. Many of the soldiers of the 3d Ohio subsequently enlisted in other regiments " for the war." Company K of the 3d Ohio was raised by Capt. Henry Cope, and composed of men chiefly from Wellsville, with others from East Liverpool, Salineville, and Hammondsville, in the county of Columbiana. ELEVENTH REGIMENT. This regiment was raised in the counties of Miami, Clinton, Hamilton, Montgomery, and Columbiana, Company C, from Columbiana, joining about the time of the reorganization, in June, 1861, when the regiment was mustered into service for three years. On the 7th day of July the regiment was ordered to the Kanawha 'Valley. It arrived at Point Pleasant on the 11th, and became a part of the Kanawha division, commanded by Gen. J. D. Cox. The regiment started up the river, and, finding the bridge on the Pocotaligo had been burned by the rebels, rebuilt it and proceeded. It spent the fall and early winter near Gauley Bridge in raiding, scouting, and reconnoitering, and was engaged at Cotton Hill and Sewell Mountain. December 1st the regiment returned to Point Pleasant and went into winter-quarters. April 16, 1862, it returned to Gauley Bridge by way of Winchester, and accompanied Gen. Cox as far as Raleigh, where it remained until further orders. Companies G and K were employed in opening the road from Shady Springs to Pack's Ferry. " In the latter part of July the regiment returned to Gauley Bridge, and Company C was ordered to Summerville, to reinforce a detachment of the 9th Virginia stationed there, and remained until the regiment moved. to Washington City." On the 18th of August the 11th proceeded to Washington, D. C., and on the 27th was ordered to Manassas Junction. " Arriving at Fairfax Station, it was found that the rebels had taken possession of the fortifications at Manassas, and that Taylor's brigade of New Jersey troops was falling back. The 11th crossed Bull Run, formed in line near the railroad, and checked. a flanking movement of the enemy." In the subsequent retreat to Fairfax the regiment acted as rear guard, distinguishing itself for "cool and determined bravery." On the 29th of August the Kanawha division moved to the front, and the 11th was posted at Fort Munson, on Munson's Hill. On the 6th of September it moved to near Frederick City via Ridgeville. "The rebels were posted on the banks of the Monocacy, holding the bridge across the stream. Three attacking columns were formed, with the 11th in the advance of the centre, and advanced against the rebels. The centre column gained the bridge and drove the enemy from it. A charge was ordered, but the line was thrown into some confusion, and the rebels rallied and captured two pieces of artillery. Gen. Cox called to Col. Coleman, ' Will the 11th recover those guns?' With a loud cheer the regiment dashed at the rebels, drove them from the guns, and still pressed on, cheering and charging, advancing into the city, and only halting when the enemy was completely routed. That night the Kanawha division bivouacked near the city, and by evening of the next day advanced to Catoctin Creek, near Middletown, the 11th being posted near the bridge. " The next morning the division crossed the creek and moved towards Turner's Gap in South Mountain. After proceeding a short distance the division moved to the left and struck the old. Sharpsburg road, and upon reaching a narrow gorge, concealed by timber and undergrowth, the 11th formed in line of battle. When the order came to charge, the 11th moved along the edge of a strip of woods, and by adroitness and bravery drove back a strong force of the rebels attemping a flank movement.' The regiment was exposed to a galling fire from sharpshooters, but not a man flinched. One old man—Nathan Whittaker, of Company E, who had two sons in the regiment—exhibited wonderful bravery in standing a pace or two in advance, and coolly loading and firing as if at a target, while the enemy's bullets were falling like hail all around him. About noon there was a lull in the battle-storm, but about three o'clock the entire national line advanced, fighting desperately. The 11th was ordered to charge across an open field, on the left of the road, against a force of the enemy protected by a stone wall. They met the enemy in almost a hand-to-hand fight ; muskets were clubbed and bayonets crossed over the low stone wall, but finally the enemy was driven from his position into the undergrowth. The rebels retreated towards Sharpsburg during the night, and at an early hour next morning the national army was in pursuit. " The night before the battle of Antietam the Kanawha division, under. General Crook, moved into position near the lower bridge, which crosses the Antietam on the Rorheback farm, the 1 1 th being posted a little above the bridge, on a rough, wooded slope. At ten o'clock A.M., on the 1 ith of September, an assault was ordered upon 64 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO the bridge, but they were met with such a heavy fire from the bluffs opposite that they were compelled to retire. At this juncture an order was received from Gen. McClellan to carry the bridge at all hazards. The 11th was to lead the storming-party, and while advancing steadily and determinedly, Col. Coleman fell mortally wounded. The regiment wavered an instant, and then pressed on, gained the bridge, crossed it, scaled the bluffs, and drove the rebels from their position." October 8th the division, under Gen. Crook, moved to Hagerstown, suffering much from the march, and then proceeded to Clarksburg, arriving in a destitute condition in respect to clothing and camp-equipage. The regiment was assigned to Summerville, where it remained during the winter, making, meantime, with the. 2d Virginia Cavalry, a successful expedition into the Greenbrier country. Jan. 24, 1863, the regiment marched for Loup Creek Landing, thence by steamer to Nashville, and thence, with the entire division, to Carthage, on the Tennessee River, occupying the heights northeast of the town and fortifying the position. March 24th the regiment went on scout to Rome, and returned next day with a captain, twenty-eight privates, a wagon-train, and about seventy horses and mules belonging to Forrest's Cavalry. With the exception of light skirmishes, nothing of note occurred until near the end of June. In June the regiment became a part of the 2d Brigade, 3d Division, 14th Army Corps, Maj.-Gen. George H. Thomas commanding. On the 24th, Reynolds' division moved towards Manchester, and subsequently entered Tullahoma, and still later advanced to Big Springs. On the 5th of September, Reynolds' division took possession of Trenton. " From this place the regiment moved through Corper's Gap into McLemon's Cove, and continued to gradually close in upon the rebels. On the 17th the rebels made an assault on the position held by the 11th at Catlett's Gap, and were repulsed. On the 18th and 19th occurred the hotly-contested battle of Gordon's Mill, in which the 11th behaved most nobly, though subjected often to a merciless fire, and at one time so severe that in less than an hour Company D lost one-half its men killed and wounded." The troops withdrew after the battle to Bossville and Chattanooga, and on the 24th the regiment was engaged in a skirmish with the enemy. It afterwards withdrew to a position within the line of rifle-pits, to the left of Fort Negley. The regiment afterwards marched down the river and gained a foothold on Lookout Mountain. On the 23d it took position in front of Fort Negley, and next morning was placed in front of Fort Wood ; in the afternoon it advanced on Mission Ridge. In this charge the regiment was obliged to pass through open ground and up the Ridge in face of a galling fire of musketry, but gained the rebel works after a sharp fight. The colors of the 11th and those of the 31st Ohio were the first planted upon the Ridge. The fighting continued until dark, the 11th remaining constantly in action and fighting bravely. On the 25th of January the regiment was engaged in a reconnoissance towards Rocky Face Ridge, and found the enemy strongly posted. By some mistake the 11th was ordered to charge up a steep hill held by two brigades and several pieces of artillery. The regiment, notwithstanding its gallant efforts, was obliged to retreat with a loss of one-sixth of its men. Thereafter the regiment remained on garrison duty until June 10th, when it proceeded to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where it was mustered out June 21, 1864. NINETEENTH REGIMENT. This regiment was formed directly after the attack on Fort Sumter, and was composed of recruits from seven counties, Companies E and H being from New Lisbon, in the county of Columbiana. By May 15, 1861; the regiment was in quarters at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland. May 27th, it moved by rail to Camp Jackson, near Columbus, where officers were chosen. Companies A and B, after being armed and equipped, proceeded by cars to Bellaire, the remainder of the regiment to Zanesville for perfection in drill. June 21st the whole regiment embarked, with other troops, for Parkersburg, where they arrived on the 23d. While at that place it was brigaded with the 8th and 10th Ohio and 13th Indiana; under Brig.-Gen. Wm. S. Rosecrans. On the 25th the regiment. moved by rail to Clarksburg, and joined McClellan's " Provisional Army of Western Virginia." On the 29th, with the advance, it made its first real march, reaching Buckhannon on July 2d, and moved thence, July 7th, to Roaring Creek, and encamped in front of the fortified rebel position at Rich Mountain. In the ensuing battle it received the commendation of Gen. Rosecrans. On the 27th of July the regiment's term of enlistment having expired, it proceeded to Columbus. By the 26th of September following, nine companies had been recruited for three years' service, and the regiment was reorganized. November 16th it moved to Cincinnati, and thence by steamer to Camp Jenkins, near Louisville, Ky.; and thence, December 6th, to Lebanon. From Lebanon it marched forty miles to Columbia. On this march a teamster, Jacob Clunck, was run over by his team and instantly killed,—the first death in the regiment. The regiment reached Columbia December 10th, was brigaded with the 59th Ohio, 2d and 9th Kentucky Infantry, and Haggard's regiment of cavalry, constituting the 11th Brigade, Gen. J. T. Boyle commanding. While at Columbia the regiment received a beautiful silk flag as a present from the ladies of Canton. Jan. 17, 1862, the 19th marched to Renick's Creek, near Burkesville, on the Cumberland River, moved thence to Jamestown, and February 15th, after the defeat of the rebels at Mill Springs and the evacuation of Bowling Green, returned to Columbia. While at Columbia the regiment suffered much from measles and typhoid fever. The regiment made tedious marches to Glasgow and Bowling Green, poorly shod; on April 6th arrived within fourteen miles of Savannah, on the Tennessee River, and participated in the second day's battle at Pittsburg Landing. Maj. Edwards (acting lieutenant-colonel) was shot dead from his horse, privates 0. T. Powell and Horace H. Bailey, of Company C, and. Corp. W. E. Gibson, of Company H, were killed, and Lieut. William A. Sutherland, of Company H, was severely wounded in the shoulder. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 65 The regiment spent ten days in the vicinity of the battlefield, and subsequently participated in the movement upon and in the siege of Corinth. On May 22d, near Farmington, it had a picket skirmish, in which six men were wounded, two of whom afterwards died. May 29th, it entered Corinth with the army ; June 3d, joined in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Brownsboro', and then returned to Iuka ; joined Buell's column, and went with it to Florence, Ala., and to Battle Creek, arriving July 14th. The regiment marched with Gen. McCook's division to Nashville August 21st, and there joined the army under Gen. Buell, and marched with it to Louisville, Ky. Leaving Louisville October 1st, the regiment reached Perryville just after the battle at that place, but joined in the pursuit of the rebels, with whom it had a running skirmish, and captured a gun with its accoutrements ; subsequently did provost-duty at Gallatin for two weeks, and then joining its division, passed through Nashville, and went into camp on the Murfreesboro' turnpike, near the State Lunatic Asylum. December 26th, under Maj. Charles F. Manderson, marched with the army in its advance on Murfreesboro'. At that place, "under the personal lead of Mal-Gen. Rose-(Tans, Beatty's brigade charged the enemy, drove him about three-fourths of a mile, and held the position until relieved by Col. M. B. Walker's brigade." January 2d the regiment crossed Stone River ; with the 14th and 23d Brigades received the charge of the rebels ruder Breckenridge ; was forced to retreat, but recrossed and aided in the capture of four pieces of artillery from the famous Washington (Louisiana) Battery. In this battle Capt. Bean, of Co. E, Lieut. Bell, of Co. C, Lieut. Donovan, of Co. B, and Sergt.-Maj. Lyman Tilee were killed. Lieut. Sutherland, Co. H, and Lieut. Keel, Co. F, were severely wounded. The regiment entered the battle with four hundred and forty-nine men, and lost in killed, wounded; and missing two hundred and thirteen,—nearly one-half. The regiment marched to McMinnville, June 28th, crossed the Cumberland Mountains, Aug. 16th, to Pikeville, and crossed Lookout Mountain to Lee & Gordon's mills, arriving Sept. 13th. At Crawfish Springs the regiment had a brisk skirmish in which two men of Co. D were killed. It participated in the battles of the 18th and 20th of September, at Chickamauga, and suffered a loss, in killed, wounded, and missing, of one hundred men. The 19th remained in Chattanooga during the siege, took part in the advance on Orchard Knob, Nov. 23, and lost about twenty men killed and wounded ; on the 25th it " participated in the glorious charge against the rebel works at the foot of Mission Ridge, and seizing the inspiration, climbed, without orders, the precipitous sides of the mountain and aided in driving the rebels over and down the opposite side, losing one killed and thirteen wounded." The regiment returned to Chattanooga, joined in the severe march with Sherman towards Knoxville, thence to Strawberry Plains and Flat Creek, where, on Jan. 1,1864, four hundred of the 19th re-enlisted as veterans. The regiment then returned to Ohio, reaching Cleveland Feb. 16th. 9 The veteran 19th went again to the front, reaching Knoxville March 24th. From this point, on the 6th of May, Sherman's entire command entered on the Atlanta campaign. The regiment was sent to hold Parker's Gap, and May 20th rejoined its brigade at Cassville; was in the sharp fight at New Hope Church, where it lost many men in killed and wounded. It was engaged at Kenesaw, at Peachtree Creek, and at the crossing of the Chattahoochie River, and was under fire almost daily up to the evacuation of Atlanta. It also passed with Sherman around to the right of Atlanta in the affair at Jonesboro', participated in the action at Lovejoy Station, September 2d, capturing the enemy's front line of works, which it held for three days and until Sherman's army returned to Atlanta. The entire loss of the regiment in the Atlanta campaign was: killed, two commissioned officers and twenty-eight men ; wounded, six commissioned officers and ninety-six men ; missing, thirteen men. Total, one hundred and forty-five. The regiment marched under Gen. Thomas towards Nashville to aid in opposing Hood ; was iu reserve at the battle of Franklin, and the night after reached Nashville, and during the investment of that place by the rebels engaged in frequent sorties, with small loss ; participated in the battle of Nashville, and followed in the pursuit of Hood's defeated army as far as the Tennessee. During the month of February, 1865, the 19th was at Huntsville, Alabama, and thence moved into East Tennessee as far as the Virginia line, returning to Nashville on April 25th. On June 16th, it formed a part of the column sent to Texas, and reached Green Lake July 14, 1865. It left Green Lake September 11 th, and arrived at San Antonio on the 23d. This march was one of much suffering, being made over one of the great sandy plains of that country. The 19th was mustered out of service at San Antonio, Oct. 21, 1865, reached Columbus, Ohio, November 22d, and was paid off and discharged at Camp Chase, November 25th. TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, in the last days of June, 1861, and was composed of ten companies, inclusive of one (C) from the counties of Sandusky and Columbiana. The regiment proceeded to Cheat Mountain, Va., where it arrived August 14th, and theie joined the 14th Indiana. The enemy, who were in large force fifteen miles distant, were active, and on the 12th of September made a spirited attack, but, after a combat of three hours, were defeated and fled. Two soldiers of the 24th were wounded. Oct. 3, 1861, in an action at Greenbrier, Va., the 24th stood firmly under a heavy fire of grape, canister, and shell, sustaining a loss of two killed and three wounded. Nov. 18th the regiment marched from Cheat Mountain, and arrived at Louisville on the 28th, where it was assigned to the 10th Brigade, 4th Division, Army of the Ohio. The time from February 25 to March 17, 1862, was spent in camp at Nashville, Tenn., when the regiment proceeded to Savannah and Pittsburg Landing, and passed en route the Duck River, which they were obliged to ford. While at Savannah, April 66 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. 6th, the roar of the artillery at Pittsburg Landing was heard. In the absence of transports, the division at once proceeded by land through the swamps, the 10th Brigade taking the lead, and arrived at the scene of conflict in time to participate, during that evening, upon the extreme left. On the 7th the 24th was engaged all day, gaining fresh laurels. It subsequently took part in most of the skirmishes between Pittsburg Landing and Corinth, and was among the first regiments that entered the latter place, and later joined in the pursuit of the enemy in North Mississippi and North Alabama, encamping in July at McMinnville, Tenn. It left that place September 3d and returned to Louisville, Ky., with the army during Gen. Bragg's invasion. In October, 1862, it was assigned to the 4th Division, 21st Army Corps. After the battle of Perryville, in which it was not actively engaged, the 24th, after aiding in the pursuit of the foe into the mountains, marched to Nashville. In December, 1862, although reduced by sickness and other causes to thirteen officers and three hundred and forty men, it took part in the battle of Stone River, and, having been assigned an important position, held it faithfully and bravely, as shown by the casualties. Four commissioned officers were killed and four wounded, and ten privates killed and sixty-nine wounded,—ten mortally. The regiment was in the engagement at Woodbury, Tenn., Jan. 24, 1863, and later that year moved with the army against Tullahoma, and was on duty at Manchester, Tenn., until the advance on Chattanooga. It subsequently participated in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga, and Mission Ridge. After the affair at Taylor's Ridge, near Ringgold, the regiment was assigned to the 2d Division, 4th Army Corps, and was in the engagement near Dalton, where it lost in killed two, and in wounded eight. The 24th was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, June 24, 1861. THIRTY-SECOND INFANTRY. This was among the first of the Ohio regiments raised for three years. On the 15th of September, 1861, the regiment left Camp Dennison poorly equipped, and pro-. ceeded by rail to Grafton, from whence it marched to Beverly, West Va., arriving on the 22d. The regiment was assigned to the post at Cheat Mountain Summit, Col. Nathan Kimball commanding. October 3d the regiment led the advance against Greenbriar, Va., and during that fall were engaged in watching the movements of the rebels under Gen. Robert E. Lee. December 13th it accompanied Gen. Milroy in his movement against Camp Allegheny, and gallantly charged the enemy's camp, entailing a loss of four killed and fourteen wounded. The ensuing winter was spent at Beverly. It was in the subsequent operations under Gen. Milroy, resulting in the capture of Camp Alleghany, Huntersville, Monterey, and McDowell, and about May 1st was in the fight near Buffalo Gap. From this point the national forces fell back on the main army at Bull Pasture Valley, where Generals Schenck and Milroy had united their commands. In the severe battle at Bull Pasture Mountain, May 8th, the regiment lost six killed and fifty-three wounded, and was the last to leave the field. On the 12th of May, Maj.Gen. Fremont, with twelve thousand men, joined Gens. Schenck and Milroy, the united forces remaining at Franklin until the 25th. The 32d meantime was transferred to Schenck's brigade. Under Fremont the regiment participated in the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic, in the Shenandoah Valley, on the 8th and 9th of June. Later in that month, having moved to Strasburg, it was transferred to Piatt's brigade, and moved to Winchester, Va., July 5th, thence on September 1st, with the brigade, to Harper's Ferry, and aided in the defense of that place. " After making a hard fight and losing one hundred and fifty of its number, the regiment, with the whole command, was surrendered by the commanding officer of the post to the enemy as prisoners of war." The regiment was paroled, sent to Annapolis, Ind., and from thence to Chicago, Ill. Col. Ford was dismissed the service after a trial, in which he was charged with neglect of duty in the defense of Maryland Heights. The regiment became demoralized, and many of the soldiers deserted, until it was reduced to thirty-five men. This small number was the nucleus of a new organization. Within ten days from the appointment of Capt. B. F. Potts to the post of lieutenant-colonel, eight hundred men had reported for duty. The men were declared to be exchanged Jan. 12,1863. Left Camp Taylor, January 20th, arrived at Memphis on the 25th, and was assigned to Logan's division, 17th Army Corps, commanded by Maj.-Gen. J. B. McPherson. It moved to Lake Providence, La., took a notable part in the campaign against Vicksburg, in which, by a bayonet charge at the battle of Champion Hills, it " captured the 1st Mississippi rebel battery—men, guns, and horses—with a loss of twenty-four men." The battery was turned over to the regiment, and was manned by Company F through the siege of Vicksburg. In the campaign and siege the regiment lost two hundred and twenty-five, rank and file. It had shared in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, and Champion Hills. In August, 1863, the regiment accompanied Stephenson's expedition to Mon- -roe, La. ; McPherson's to Brownsville, Miss., in the following October ; and in February, 1864, was with Sherman at Meridian, and lost twenty-two men at Boker's Creek, in Mississippi. In December and January, 1863-64, three-fourths of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans ; on the 4th of March, 1864, received furlough ; and on the 21st of April rejoined the army with many new recruits. Joining Gen. Sherman June 10,1864, it was with the 17th Army Corps in the movement against Atlanta ; shared in the assault on Kenesaw Mountain, June 27th, and Nickojack Creek, on the Chattahoochie River, July 10th, and in the succeeding battles of the 20th, 21st, 22d, and 28th, before Atlanta, where it lost more than half its 'numbers in killed and wounded. After Atlanta fell the regiment engaged in the pursuit of Hood, and then rejoined Sherman and accompanied him in his " March to the Sea." On the 10th of December, 1864, the 32d was in the advance at Savannah, aided in driving the rebels into their works, and on the 21st entered that city with the army and went into camp, at Fort Thunderbolt. After the review of the.whole army by Gen. Sherman, the 17th Army Corps went by transports to Beaufort, S. C., and thence to Pocotaligo Station, on the HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 67 Savannah and Charleston Railroad. On Feb. 1, 1865, the regiment passed with the army through the Carolinas, and with the 13th Iowa was the first to enter Columbia.. March 20th and 21st it had a sharp engagement at Bentonville, N. C. The regiment moved with the army to Raleigh, N. C., and was present at the surrender of Johnston's army, May 1, 1865. It marched with the army through Richmond, Va., to Washington, where it participated in the grand review before President Johnson and his Cabinet. It was mustered out at Louisville, July 20, 1865, and the men were finally discharged at Columbus, July 26th. SIXTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. This regiment had its rise in the consolidation of two partly-organized regiments, the 45th and 67th. The regiment left Columbus, Ohio, for the field, Jan. 19, 1862, going into Western Virginia under Gen. Landor. With the exception of a march to Bloomery Gap, the greater portion of the month of February was spent at Paw-Paw Tunnel. On the 5th of March the regiment moved to Winchester, Gen. Shields commanding the division, where skirmishing was frequent on the picket line with Asliby's cavalry. On the afternoon 6f March 22d the regiment, reported to Gen. Banks in Winchester, and soon engaged the enemy, driving them until past nightfall as far south as Kearns-town. The regiment lay on their arms all night, and on the next morning were the first to engage the enemy. After the infantry fighting had been fairly opened, the 67th was ordered to reinforce Gen. Tyler's brigade ; to do which it was necessary to pass over an open field for three-fourths of a mile, exposed to the enemy's fire. The regiment executed the movement on the double-quick, and came into action in splendid order. The regiment lost in this action fifteen killed and thirty-two wounded. Until the last of the next June the 67th endured the hardships of marches up and down the valley, over the mountains and back again, from the Potomac to Harrisonburg, from Port Royal to Fredericksburg, from Fredericksburg to Manassas, from Manassas to Port Republic, and from Port Republic to Alexandria. On the 29th of June the regiment embarked on steamer " Herald" and barge " Delaware," and started for the James to reinforce Gen. McClellan. In the night of the 30th, when near the mouth of Chesapeake Bay, in a heavy gale, the hawser by which the barge was towed parted, leaving the barge to toss about in the trough of the sea. Men, horses, arms, and camp and garrison equipage were carried overboard and lost, and it was nearly an hour before the steamer was able to return to the barge. At Harrison's Landing the regiment campaigned with the Army of the Potomac till the evacuation of the Peninsula, when it went to Suffolk, Va., with only 'three hundred men for duty out of the eight hundred and fifty which composed the regiment at the organization. While here the regiment enjoyed its first opportunity for rest and drill ; and in the last of December was transferred to North Carolina, and then to Hilton Head, where it arrived Feb. 1, 1863. The regiment shared in the Charleston expedition, landing on Cole's Island on the 2d of April. For seven months the regiment heroically endured all hardships, privations, and dangers of the siege, taking part in the attack on Fort Wagner, and sustaining a heavy loss. It was at last relieiTed, and was, allowed a few days' rest preparatory to an expedition into Florida. The regiment re-enlisted and returned to Ohio February, 1864. At the expiration of their furloughs the soldiers of the 67th returned to the field, reaching Bermuda Hundred, Va., under Gen. Butler, on the 6th of May, 1864. On the 9th of May the 67th was detached to guard the right flank of the 10th Corps, which had gone to the railroad at Chester Station, to destroy it from there to Petersburg. A section of artillery was sent with the regiment, and it was placed on the turnpike from Richmond to Petersburg, about eleven miles from the former place, with orders to hold the position at all hazards. During the night reinforcements arrived, and next morning the rebels made a general attack upon them. The 67th maintained its position from first to last, presenting an unbroken front to four successive charges. A section of our artillery, for a short time, fell into the hands of the enemy, but was recaptured by a portion of Company F. The 10th of May, 1864, will always be remembered as a sad but glorious day by the 67th. Seventy-six officers and men were killed and wounded in that battle. On the 20th of May, a portion of our lines having fallen into the hands of the rebels, the 67th, with other regiments, was designated to recapture it, which they did by a charge, in which the regiment lost sixty-nine officers and men killed and wounded. The rebel general, W. H. S. Walker, was wounded and captured, his sword passing into the hands of Col. Voris as a trophy. On the 16th of August four companies of the 67th charged the rifle-pits of the enemy at Deep River, and at the first volley lost a third of their men ; but before the rebels could reload the rifle-pits were in our possession. On the 7th, 13th, 27th, and 28th of October the regiment engaged the enemy, with a loss of over one hundred men. During the spring, summer, and fall of 1864 the 67th confronted the enemy, at all times within range of their guns ; and it is said, by officers competent to judge, that during the year it was under fire two hundred times. No movement was without danger ; firing was kept up for days, and men wore their accoutrements for weeks at tit time. Out of over six hundred muskets taken to the front in the spring, three-fifths were laid aside during the spring on account of casualties. In the spring of 1865 the 67th participated in the assault on the rebel works below Petersburg ; on the 2d of April was foremost in the charge on Fort Gregg, and at Appomattox Court-House was in at the death, bearing her battle-flag proudly in the last fight-our forces made against the Army of Northern Virginia. On the 5th of May the regiment reported to Gen. Voris, commanding the district of South Anna, Va., and garrisoned that portion of the State till December, 1865. In the mean time the 62d Ohio was consolidated with the 67th, the la' ter regiment retaining its organization. The 67th was mustered out of the service on the 12th of December, 1865, wanting but six days of having been recognized as a regiment for four years, 68 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. SEVENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. The 76th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was raised at Newark, Ohio, and organized Feb. 9, 1862. The regiment proceeded via Paducah, Ky., to Fort Donelson, and was in the engagement at that place. March 6th it moved to the Tennessee River ; thence up the river to Crump's Landing, and on the 31st proceeded to Adamsville and took position in Gen. Lew. Wallace's division, in the right wing of the army of Gen. Grant. It made with the division a forced march to Pittsburg Landing, April 6th, and in the ensuing battle was continually subjected to the enemy's fire. In the latter part of April it participated in a successful charge against the rebels near Corinth, and afterwards was a part of the grand reserve in the advance on that place, and after its evacuation moved to Memphis, arriving June 17th. On the 24th of July the regiment marched to near Helena, Ark., where it went into camp. Upon the reorganization of the Army of the Southwest the 76th was assigned to the 2d Brigade, Col. C. R. Woods, of the 3d Division, commanded by Gen. P. J. Osterhaus. It was part of the expedition to Milliken's Bend Aich captured the camp and garrison equipage of the 31st Louisiana Regiment. A detachment, comprising a part of the 76th, afterwards proceeded up the Yazoo, surprised Haines' Bluff, and captured four siege-guns, two field-pieces, and a large quantity of fixed ammunition. The regiment returned to Helena, spent one week in October at St. Genevieve, Mo., and then moved to Pilot Knob, remaining there for rest and reorganization until November 12th, when it returned to St. Genevieve, and embarked for Camp Steele, Miss. On the 21st of December it became a part of Gen. Sherman's expedition against Vicksburg. Jan. 10, 1863, the regiment, with the division of Gen. Steele, landed at Arkansas Post, and the same night " marched six miles, through mud and water, and by two o'clock next morning the troops occupied the cantonments of the enemy. Shortly after daylight they moved upon the • enemy's works, and about one o'clock the 76th charged within one hundred yards of the rifle-pits, halted, opened fire, and held the position for three hours, when the enemy surrendered." During the month of February details for the regiment were made to work on the canal across the peninsula opposite Vicksburg. It participated in the rout of the rebels under Col. Ferguson at Deer Creek, April 7th. After this the regiment, with the 15th Corps, moved to Young's Point, Milliken's Bend, and Hard Times Landing, and reached Grand Gulf, May 6th. It was in the engagement at Fourteen-Mile Creek, and at Jackson charged the works on the enemy's left, which were soon after evacuated. The regiment, with the corps, marched for Vicksburg on the 16th of May, and on the 18th took position " six hundred yards from the main lines of the enemy. The batteries of the enemy in front of the 76th were silenced, and none of his guns could be manned except those of the water-batteries." After the surrender of Vicksburg the regiment marched in pursuit of Johnston, arriving at Jackson July 10th, and later in the mouth went into camp at Big Black Ridge. During October and November the regiment was connected with operations in Northern Alabama and Tennessee; joined Gen. Hooker in the assault on Lookout Mountain ; was engaged at Mission Ridge; and on November 27th charged on Taylor's Ridge, where it suffered severely. " In one company of twenty-eight men, eight were killed and eight wounded, and seven men were shot down while carrying the regimental colors." Jan. 1, 1864, the 76th went into winter-quarters at Paint Rock, Ala. Before spring arrived the regiment was furloughed home, two-thirds having re-enlisted as veterans. The regiment, which was originally nine hundred and sixty-two strong, had been reduced to less than three hundred. Returning to the camp at Paint Rock, the regimentroceeded to Chattanooga May 6th, moved through Snake Creek Gap on the 9th, the evening of the 14th charged the enemy near Resaca, and participated in the repulse of Hardee's corps on the 28th. In June the regiment moved to New Hope Church, thence to Acworth and Kenesaw Mountain, Rossville, and Decatur, arriving within four mile f of Atlanta on the 20th of July. With the 30th Iowa, the regiment recaptured four twenty-pound Parrott guns which the rebelsAad taken, and on the 28th they aided in the repulse of the enemy, who made three successive charges with great loss. On the 13th of August, in an advance of the skirmish-line, the 76th captured fifty of the enemy, afterwards aided in the destruction of the West Point and Montgomery Railroad, and on the 31st in the repulse of the rebels at Flint River. The regiment, after rest and reorganization in September, crossed the Chattahoochie October 4th, " marched through Marietta, north of Kenesaw Mountain, near Adairsville, through Resaca, through Snake Creek Gap ;" on the 16th skirmished with the enemy at Ship's Gap, marched through Lafayette, and then, on the 18th, through Summerville, where the non-veterans were mustered out. The regiment next moved with the army to Little River,-Cave Springs, and near to Atlanta. Thence, on the 15th of November, the 15th Corps moved- southward with the right wing of the army, by the way of McDonough, Indian Springs, Clinton, and Irwintown, passing twenty miles east of Macon ; thence eastward to the Ogeechee, and down its west bank to the mouth of the Cannouchee;- thence eastward to Savannah, where it formed on the 18th of December. After the evacuation the regiment performed provost-guard duty in the city until Jan. 9, 1865, then embarked for Beaufort, S. C. ; thence marched to Gardner's Corners. and on the 31st started on the "campaign of the Carolinas." It was engaged in skirmishing near Cofumbia.. After the surrender of Lee and a few days of provost-guard duty, the 76th moved northward, engaged the rebels at Bentonville, and proceeded, via Goldsboro', to Raleigh, and there remained until the surrender of Johnston. The regiment broke camp April 30th, reached Washington May 23d, where it shared in the grand review, then proceeded to Louisville, Ky., when it was mustered out, thence to Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged, July 24, 1865. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 69 " The regiment participated in forty-four battles ; moved nine thousand six hundred and twenty-five miles on foot, by rail, and by water ; and passed through the rebellious States of Kentucky, Missouri. Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia. Two hundred and forty-one men were wounded in battle ; three hundred and fifty-one died on the field or in hospitals; two hundred and twenty-two carry scars as evidence of their struggle with the enemy ; and two hundred and eighty-two have the seed of disease contracted in the line of duty. It is a sad but noble record, and the survivors may well be proud of the part they have taken in establishing the greatness and permanence of the American Union." SEVENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. Company I * In introducing this history to the reader, it is not proposed to present a history of the great Rebellion, but an unvarnished narrative of the part taken therein .by Company I of the 78th Ohio Volunteer Infantry. No body of men in the service ha§ taken part in a greater number of skirmishes and battles, traveled over more territory, and participated st4 more important campaigns. The majority of this company were from Columbiana County, but Lieut. De Wolf and a number of men from Licking. County were assigned to this company at Camp Gilbert, and sixty enlisted men and substitutes were added after the original organization, making a total of one hundred and forty-seven belonging to the company during the term of service. The company was 'recruited in December, 1861, and organized Jan. 11, 1862, at Zanesville, Ohio, and assigned in the regiment as Company I, the other companies being from the neighborhood of Zanesville. Under the command of Col. M. D. Leggett the company left the State, and, arrived at Fort Donelson, Feb. 15, 1862, while the battle at that place was in progress. This company being the only one from Columbiana County, the history of the regiment includes the company history. The regiment was for nearly fbur years constantly in the front, and during the summer's heat and winter's cold was actively. engaged, and never went into summer- Or winter-quarters. Its heaviest and most important marches were performed during the winter months, in which it passed through nearly every State of the would-be Confederacy. From Paducah, Ky., the regiment marched nearly all the way to Grand Gulf; Miss., passing through Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina, and Virginia. It took an active part in all the bloody battles in the West under Grant, and afterwards under Gen. Sherman, beginning with Shiloh and Corinth and the campaign following. It commenced the winter campaign under Gen. Grant in the interior of Mississippi. It crossed the Mississippi River below Grand Gulf, and did its full share of fighting in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion's Hill, Black River, and in the fbrty-two days' siege of Vicksburg. After the surrender of Vicksburg, it made an important campaign under Gen. * Prepared by II. W. Brown, New Lisbon, whose notiees of individuals are confined to those who were from Columbiana County. Sherman to Clinton and Jackson, and a second campaign to Monroe, La. Feb. 1, 1864, it commenced the long and most destructive campaign of' the war,—through Central Mississippi to its extreme eastern boundary. March 20, 1864, the regiment started from Vicksburg for home on veteran furlough, having re-enlisted as veterans Jan. 5, 1864. May 7th it left Columbus, Ohio, for Georgia, marching from Clifton, Tenn., to Rome, Ga., via Huntsville, Ala., thence to Big Shanty, where it took an important part in all the hard-fought conflicts of the Atlanta campaign. After three weeks' rest the regiment started on the campaign in Northern Alabama in pursuit of the rebel Gen. Hood. It returned to Atlanta, and on the 13th day of November, 1864, entered on the greatest campaign on record,—through Georgia to Savannah, a march of thirty-seven days, thence/to Beaufort, S. C., Columbia, Washington, D. C., and 'Louisville, Ky. The distance traveled in this campaign was more than four thousand miles on litt, three thousand by railroad, and twenty-six hundred by water, making a total of nine thousand six hundred miles. During the service the regiment lost one hundred and twenty killed in battle, three hundred wounded, seventy missing in action, two hundred and ninety-five discharged for disability, thirty-one transferred to the Invalid Corps,— a total of eight hundred and sixteen. The company's losses during same period were—five killed in battle, ten wounded, ten died from disease, thirty discharged for disability, and seven transferred to the Invalid Corps. The regiment was engaged in the following battles : Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Matamora, Thompson's Hill, Raymond, Jackson, Champion's Hill, Fort Hill, siege of Vicksburg (forty-two days), Fort Beauregard, Bocachita, Meridian raid, Big Shanty, Bushy Mountain, Kenesaw, Nickojack, siege of Atlanta, battles at Atlanta, July 21st, 22d, and 28th, Jonesboro', Lovejoy, Milledgeville, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Charleston, Columbia, and Bentonville, —thirty-four in all,—and almost numberless. minor affairs and skirmishes. Its entire term was one of extreme exposure and arduous, service. Said the corps commander in his farewell address, " Tour history may truly be said to have been written in sweat and blood." On account of the arduous service, the company suffered much from disease and in battle; its very best young men fell in the prolonged struggle. Especially has it been true of Company I—a fact observed by so many—that "the arrow of Death is mysteriously select in the choice of its victims." Its death-list includes those who were regretted most and could be spared least,—men the most upright, most useful, and the best loved in the company and at home. Some of the men of Company I have filled important positions in the regiment, at division, corps, and department headquarters. The limited space allowed for the military history of the company does not admit of a detailed history of the company, but the account of the terrible battle of Atlanta, July 22, 1864, in which Gen. McPherson was killed, and where the 17th Corps did the most terrible fighting, en. countering the greater part of' the rebel army, is of great interest to the friends and relatives of those of the com- 70 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. pany who took part in the bloody drama. During the earlier part of this campaign the soldiers endured-great privation on account of scarcity of rations. At one time the men were three days without anything to eat, and all the time, night and day, under fire, gradually driving the enemy. While advancing and making a charge upon the enemy's works at Kenesaw Mountain, June 15, 1864, Sergt. T. C. Starr of the company, —a young man of sterling worth and integrity,—was killed. On the 20th of July the Army of the Tennessee advanced towards Atlanta from near Decatur,—the 15th Corps, com-anded by Gen. Logan, on the line of the Augusta Railroad ; the 17th Corps, commanded by Gen. Frank Blair, on the left of the railroad; and the 16th Corps, commanded by Gen. Dodge, in reserve. When the day closed Company I was in front of a high hill strongly occupied by the enemy. From citizens it was learned that this hill overlooked Atlanta and was in short range of that coveted city. McPherson said, " We must have that hill." Gen. Blair directed Gen. Leggett to charge and take the hill in the morning. Gen. Leggett did as commanded. At six o'clock A.M. of the 21st he made a magnificent charge in the face of a deadly fire of musketry and artillery and took the hill, with many prisoners. He soon had artillery in position playing upon Atlanta. The rebels made several vigorous charges during the day to retake the hill, but without success. Gen. Leggett lost about four hundred men in this charge. The 4th Division, commanded by Gen. G. A. Smith, attempted also to advance with Gen. Leggett, but met such a murderous fire as to compel him to fall back. During the day the 4th Division was placed in position to the left of Gen. Leggett. The enemy was discovered moving towards our extreme left, and the 16th Corps was directed to take position so as to protect our left flank. The 16th Corps was moving to this position on the 22d, but had not reached the left of the 4th Division by three-fburths of a mile when the enemy fell upon it from the rear in heavy force. Gen. Dodge met this unexpected onslaught with a resistance so vigorous and persistent as to cause the rebels to retire. The enemy were as much surprised to find Gen. Dodge upon their flank as was Gen. Dodge at being attacked. The rebels expected, to meet no obstruction from the rear except the pickets of the 17th Corps, and did not meet anything else in the gap of three-fourths of a mile between the left of the 17th and right of the 16th Corps. Through this gap the whole of Claiborne's division of Hardee's corps passed undiscovered, the ground being covered by a dense forest. The pickets, many of them, were killed or captured, and the rest followed in so closely as to be able to give but little alarm. The enemy advanced rapidly upon the rear of the forces of Gens. Smith and Leggett,—a ter/ible situation for the great Army of the Tennessee, when the result of a battle might determine the fate of the Western armies. It was the advance of this force that shot' the gallant and greatly-beloved McPherson. When the news spread along the line that he had been killed, strong men wept, and, brushing away the tears, swore to be avenged. Gen. Grant wept like a child when he received . the news, as he called McPherson the " hero of the war." Gens. Leggett and Smith both put their men over their works (having intrenched themselves), and met the enemy's mad charge with a terrible volley of musketry. The enemy, however, pushed up to within a few feet of the works, but were finally repulsed with a slaughter almost unparalleled. They fell back, reformed, and soon came up again in the same direction, and the conflict for some time was a hand-to-hand combat, in which the bayonet and the clubbed musket were freely used: The enemy were again repulsed, leaving the ground literally carpeted with the dead and wounded. During this hand-to-hand fight the enemy seemed determined to carry away the colors of the 78th Regiment ; but the companies rallied around them, and, with bayonets and clubbed muskets, saved them. They were torn from the staff by a rebel, but Captain Orr, of Company II, plunged his sword through him, recaptured them, and, placing them around his body, kept them secure. What was once a flag was now only ribbons. After a few moments' quiet, the enemy---a part of Hood's corps—was discovered moving upon the division from the front. Gen. Leggett placed his men to the rear of' the works, and met the charge with the same determined spirit of the former onslaught. The enemy came with deafening yells, and were met with murderous volleys and again successfully driven back. Again they rallied and forced their way up to the works, and again were repulsed with great slaughter. In their several attacks from the front and rear the enemy seemed fully impressed with the belief that they would not only repossess themselves of' Leggett's bill, but would capture his division. After the fourth repulse the rebels concluded that the 17th Corps could not be taken. They then turned their attention to retaking the hill. For this purpose they brought in a fresh division—Cheatham's of Hardee's corps—and massed upon Gen. Smith's left flank. This, of course, compelled Gen. Smith to change his front. Gen. Blair several times sent word to Leggett that it was all-important to hold the hill, and Gen. Leggett as often replied " that if the 3d Division were driven from the hill, there would not be enough of it left to ever fight another battle." He was constantly passing up and down the line, cheering his men, exhorting them to hold the hill at all hazards. He was greeted with loud cheers. In the change of front it was necessary to take the 4th Division and the 2d Brigade of the 3d Division out of their works, and, although greatly fatigued with previous fighting, they were obliged to meet, without protection, the advancing column of the enemy's fresh troops. All who witnessed the fighting at this time pronounce it the most desperate they ever saw. The battle became almost immediately a hand-to-hand conflict. The officers became engaged with their swords and the men with their bayonets, and in many cases with their fists. The heaviest part of this engagement fell on the 78th and 68th Ohio Regiments ; but they stood like rocks, remembering McPherson, determined to conquer or die. The enemy were at last repulsed, leaving the ground covered with their slain. The commanding general walked back and forth, anxiously awaiting the result, and sending messengers to Leggett to HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 71 know if he could hold the hill,—that the fate of the army depended on him. Leggett replied, "The hill is safe ; the 3d Division holds it." Had either the 78th or 68th given way at a single point, the Army of' the Tennessee would have been lost. The next day the rebels sent in a flag of truce, desiring to get their dead. A truce of one hour was granted on Gen. Leggett's front, but the time was insufficient. Gen. Leggett delivered to the enemy and buried one thousand dead. Gen. Smith's division was occupying a new line, and the number killed by his division was not estimated, as they were in the enemy's hands. The 17th Corps was fully avenged for the killing of McPherson. The 78th Regiment suffered severely, having one hundred and twenty-seven killed and wounded and twenty taken prisoner. Company I received its full share of work that day, and several of the company carry scars which remind them of that terrible battle. Daniel H. Watt was killed ; Morrison Powers fell mortally wounded, and died shortly afterwards; George Hanna, Thos. G. Hawkins, J. B. Mills, Lieut. Wm. H. Hessin, of Gen. Leggett's staff, Sergt. Isaac Burbeck, and John Baker were wounded. 'Lieut. Hessin was wounded severely, and fell from his horse while in the act of carrying ammunition to his regiment. While home on veteran furlough, Lieut. Mills was promoted to captain and assigned to Company C, May 10, 1864. lie acted as major in the Carolina campaign, and was commissioned as such, but, it not being his place by regular promotion by rank, he refused to muster, and returned to the command of his company,—an exhibition of generosity rare in military life. He was popular with his men, and influenced many to enlist. At the burning of Columbia, S. C., he was busy until near morning carrying women and children upon his horse outside the burning city. In supporting Col. Robinson he led the regiment with acceptance, and proved himself an efficient commander. Entering the army a private, he earned his promotion to major by merit. ONE HUNDRED AND FOURTH REGIMENT.* This regiment was recruited almost exclusively from Stark, Columbiana, Summit, and Portage Counties. Four companies of the regiment were composed of Columbiana County men, viz. : Company G, known as the Salem company; F, known as the Wells-ville company ; C, known as the Palestine company ; and Company K, known as the New Lisbon company. These companies were recruited in the month of August, 1362, and organized at Camp Massillon as a part of the 104th Regiment, and mustered into the service with it on the 30th day of August, 1862, by Capt. J. R. Paxton, of the 15th United States Infantry. About the 1st of Septem er the regiment was hurried to Cincinnati, then besiege by Kirby Smith. On the 11th of September the adv. ced pickets of the rebel forces were met by the 104th, 'nd skirmished with all day, the regiment losing one n killed and five wounded. 'This was the first and only blood spilled in defense of Cincinnati. Alexander Lowrie, of Company G, was wounded in the leg, and it was found necessary to amputate the limb above the knee. Soon * Prepared for this work by A. R Martin, of New Lisbon. after the skirmish the rebel army retreated towards Lexington, and the regiment marched in pursuit. This, being its first march, was very severe on the men. The roads were dusty, the springs dried up, and the men, all undisciplined and unused to exposure, suffered intensely, and many cases of sickness resulted from this march, and many deaths followed. The regiment reached Lexington at daylight on the 15th of October, a few hours after the rear guard of the rebel army had evacuated the place. The regiment remained in Lexington until the 6th of December. While here the drill and discipline of the regiment were attended to with such success as to carry off the palm in a review of the forces at that place, the commanding officer deciding that the 104th Ohio had attained the highest state of discipline of any regiment in his command. On the morning of the 6th of December the regiment struck tents and took up the line of march, leaving their beautiful camp at Lexington behind, and that day's march brought it to the Kentucky River, at Clay's Ferry. The next day it reached Richmond, Ky. The brigade consisted of the 100th, 44th and 104th, and the 19th Ohio Battery, under command of Col. S. A. Gilbert, of the 44th Ohio. At Richmond the command built formidable works. The regiment remained here until the 27th of December, when the line of march was again resumed, and, on the evening of the 28th, Danville, Ky., was reached. John Morgan's guerrilla forces were at this time operating in the vicinity of Danville, and this movement was for the purpose of intercepting him. Beyond slight skirmishing, nothing important occurred here. From Danville the regiment went to Frankfort, and there remained, performing provost-duty, until Feb. 21, 1863. While in camp at this place, the 44th Ohio was mounted. On the evening of February 21st the regiment took up the line of march towards Danville. This march was made very hard and disagreeable by a furious snow-storm, through which it with difficulty made its way, reaching, late at night, the Kentucky Military Institute, in which it quartered for the night. The next day's march brought it to Harrodsburg late at night. ,The next morning the regiment went to Danville, expecting to engage Morgan's cavalry, but no enemy was found. The regiment continued in this part of Kentucky, watching and checkmating the movements of the rebel forces under Morgan, Pegram, and Cluke, until the following summer, when it joined Gen. Burnside's army in East Tennessee, arriving at Knoxville on the 4th day of September, 1863, and being the first Federal infantry in the place. The duties performed by the 104th while in Kentucky were arduous and harassing, it being obliged to march and countermarch continually up and down and through almost the entire country. Owing to the exposure and the fatigue of hard and forced marches, many fell out of the ranks and died from diseases contracted during these marches. Up to this time Company C had lost ten of its number, and Company K seven, by death. The other companies, doubtless, lost proportionately. During the retreat of the national forces, under Gen. S. P. Carter from Danville to Lexington, in March, 1863, the regiment 72 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO. lost twenty-five men captured, all of whom were paroled by their rebel captors in a few days after their capture. The most important places occupied by the regiment during its memorable Kentucky campaign were Lexington, Richmond, Danville, Frankfort, Lancaster, Crab Orchard, Mount Vernon, Somerset, and Stanford. Before leaving Kentucky the regiment was placed in the 1st Brigade, 3d Division, 23d Army Corps, under Gen. Hartsuff. After a brief rest at Knoxville the regiment, with its brigade, was ordered to Cumberland Gap. The Gap was reached on the 7th day of November. This march was Made with such rapidity as to merit and receive from President Lincoln a highly complimentary telegram, sent. to Gen. Burnside. Immediately upon its arrival at the Gap a demand for surrender was made by Gen. Burnside, which was as promptly refused. The national troops then made preparations to carry it at the point of the bayonet, but before the movement was made the rebel leader, Gen. Frazier, had found good reason to change his mind, and surrendered his entire command as prisoners of war. The 104th was the first regiment to enter the works, and it received the surrender of the rebel army and stores. The rebel command consisted of about three thousand men and fourteen guns. This surrender was made Nov. 9, 1863. Remaining at the Gap a few days, the regiment returned to. Knoxville. After this the regiment accompanied Gen. Burnside on an expedition to Carter's Station, on the East Tennessee and Virginia Railroad, and on returning to Knoxville it did provost-duty for some weeks. It was present at. and took an active part in, the defense of Knoxville when besieged for twenty-two days by the rebel Gen. Long-street. During the siege the regiment occupied various important positions under fire up to the raising of the siege, losing some men killed and wounded. During the siege the exposures and privations endured by the regiment were very great, its rations being limited and inferior in quality, and the weather cold, drizzly, and disagreeable. The men were without tents, and compelled to take their rest on the muddy ground. The result of this was that many sickened and died from camp-fever and diseases contracted while enduring these privations and exposures. The 104th left many of its representatives in the Knoxville cemetery. The regiment, with the national army, joined in the pursuit of Longstreet, and followed him as far as Blain's Cross-Roads, participating in the various skirmishes of that pursuit. The regiment. wintered in this inhospitable region, and there was much suffering for want of sufficient food and clothing; yet, amid all their sufferings, half starved, half clad, these brave men never for a moment lost their love for the old flag, and there declared a willingness to enter on another three years' term of service ; but, their enlistment not expiring within the time specified, they were not permitted to " veteranize." Early in April, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Cleveland, Tenn., where troops were assembling preparatory to the Atlanta campaign. The regiment. formed a part of that campaign, and participated in all its general engagements, being under fire for one hundred and twenty days. It was engaged in the sanguinary battle of Resaca, May 14th and 15th, and on the 6th of August in the desperate assault at Utoy Creek, in which the loss to the regiment was twenty-six officers and men killed and wounded. After sharing in the successes that compelled the evacuation of Atlanta, Sept. 1 and 2, 1864, it went into camp at Decatur, Ga., and there remained until Oct. 4, 1864, when it left Decatur and crossed the Chattahoochie River fifteen miles from Decatur. After marching about four hundred miles in Northern Georgia and Alabama, passing through Marietta, Acworth, Alatoona, Cassville, Kingston, Rome, Calhoun, Resaca, and Snake Creek Gap into Alabama at Gaylorsville, it finally reached Cedar Bluff, Ala. On October 28th it crossed the Coosa River, and, taking the cars at Dalton, Ga., it passed through Nashville to Pulaski, Tenn. At Nashville the regiment cast its vote in favor of " veteranizing Abraham Lincoln." On November 8th it took the cars and went to Spring Hill, Tenn. November 13th it marched to Columbia, and thence to Pulaski. From Pulaski it fell back to Columbia. The regiment was engaged in sharp fighting and skirmishing here from November 25th to November 29th, losing several men killed and wounded. On the night of the 29th of November it moved towards Franklin, making a severe march of twenty- I five miles, reaching that place at daylight the next day. At Franklin the regiment, with its brigade, built breastworks. The fight at Franklin began on the 30th of November, at five o'clock in the afternoon, and lasted till ten in the evening. This was the most severe engagement in which the regiment had ever participated, and it lost sixty killed and wounded. Capt. Wm. F. Kemble, of Company C, and Capt. Bard, of Company I, were killed in this battle. The men went into the battle with the avowed intention of revenging the loss of their comrades at Utoy Creek, and used " Utoy" as their battle-cry. The rebel Gen. Adams was killed in front of the 104th, the general and his horse both rolling over in front of the regiment. Capt. Kemble, who lost his life in this battle, fought desperately, throwing hatchets and axes into the seething mass of rebels in his front, until he fell pierced in the breast by a bullet. He fell as he lived, a brave soldier and a patriotic citizen, and as an officer beloved by all his men. Lieut. Cope, of Company F, was severely wounded through the arm during the battle, but wrapped a handkerchief around his arm and bravely stood his ground until the battle closed. After the battle the regiment, with the national forces, marched to Nashville, which was reached on the 1st of December. The regiment occupied an important position in the main line in front of Nashville. Here the men were again confronted by intensely cold, disagreeable weather, and in consequence suffered severely. On the 15th of December the regiment lost three men, wounded in a skirmish. On the 16th it was engaged in a charge with its brigade, capturing the works of the enemy, with eight pieces of artillery and a number of prisoners, not losing a man. Resting on the enemy's works that night, the regiment moved the next morning in pursuit of the enemy, made a short halt at Columbia, and reached Clifton, Tenn., Jan. 6, 1865. It remained in camp at this point until the 16th of January, when it embarked on the steamer "Swallow," and, landing at Cincinnati, took the cars, January 22d, for Washington HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO - 73 City. Many pleasing reminiscences of this trip through Ohio might be recalled if space in this brief history would permit such a digression from the stern facts of a bloody record. After an absence of two years and a half from their native State, away from the refined associations of friends, it cannot be wondered at that at the sight of their noble State—very appropriately appellated by them " God's Country"—and of the noble and patriotic people, they should burst forth in shouts of joy. Arriving at Washington City, it was from thence carried by the steamer " Star of the South" to Fort Fisher, at which place it landed Feb. 9, 1865. It took an active part in the operations which compelled the evacuation of Fort Anderson, Feb. 18, 1865. In the skirmishing at Fort Anderson the regiment lost one killed and several wounded. The regiment was engaged in the assault upon the rebel works at Old Town Creek, Feb. 20, 1865, which involved the capture of Wilmington, February 22d. The loss of the regiment in the charge upon the enemy at Old Town Creek was two killed and twenty wounded. On the 22d of February the regiment, with its brigade, entered the city of Wilmington. On the capture of Wilmington, the colonel of the 104th Regiment was appointed to command the post of Wilmington, the lieutenant-colonel was appointed as provost-marshal of the city, and the regiment as provost-guard, and so continued to serve until the 23d Army Corps marched towards Goldsboro'. The regiment then marched to Kingston to the support of Gen. Cox, who was threatened by overpowering numbers. On March 20th the regiment left Kingston, and arrived at Goldsboro' the next day. It remained here until the 11th of April, when it started for Raleigh, N. C., arriving at the latter place April 15th. A grand review of the troops was had at Raleigh, and the regiment received some high compliments from Gen. Sherman and others for its efficiency of drill and the soldierly bearing of its men. On May 1, 1865, the regiment was ordered to proceed next day to Greensboro', N. C., to receive and guard property turned over by the army of Gen. Joe Johnson, and remained stationed there until June 17, 1865 when it was mustered out of service and ordered to report to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, Ohio, for final pay and discharge. It arrived at Cleveland on the 24th day of June, and was paid off June 27th and discharged. Companies C, F, G, and K were with the regiment in all its marches, and participated in all its battles and skirmishes from Fort Mitchel to Old Town Creek. They all made a noble record in the service, and their-losses-by death from casualty and disease were : Company C, 21; Company F, 22 ; Company G, 15 ; and Company K, 12. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. This regiment was organized at Camp Massillon, Ohio, in August, 1862, and was mustered into the United States service Sept. 18, 1862, by Captain A. E. Drake, of the 2d United States Infantry. Four companies were recruited in Columbiana County,— A,* D, M, and K ; four in Stark County,—B, E, F, and * Company A, subsequently called the "Liverpool Tigers," was raised by Capt. H. R. Hill, and was composed exclusively of citizens of East Liverpool. 10 I ; and two in Summit County,—C and G. The regiment was ordered first to Camp Dennison, Ohio, to drill and receive camp-equipage preparatory to moving to the front. After remaining at that place one week, it reported, under orders, to Maj.-Gen. Wright at Cincinnati, Oct. 4, 1862. The tents of the regiment were pitched near Covington, Ky. At that place it received its full quota of teams, consisting chiefly of raw and rebellious mules. In familiarizing these animals with their collars it seemed for a time more than probable that the first blood of the tegiment would be shed ; but the soldiers were equal to the emergency., and came off victors and unscathed. After about two weeks the teams, under orders, were turned over to the quartermaster. The regiment was divided, five companies, under Col. J. A. Lucy, being ordered to report to the post-commandant at Cincinnati for provost-guard duty, and the other five companies, under Lieut.-Col. T. C. Boone, to report for guard duty at Camp Chase, Columbus. In November, 1862, the battalion at Columbus was ordered to Maysville, Ky., under command of Col. Lucy, Lieut.-Col. Boone taking charge of the battalion at Cincinnati. The latter performed provost and general guard duty at Cincinnati for more than a year, during which period he was sorely annoyed by the interference of the civil authorities with the soldiers and others in his charge. These consisted of prisoners, military and political, and of convalescent soldiers and deserters, whom it was the commanding officer's duty to forward to their respective regiments. It was during this period that Gen. Burnside issued Orders Nos. 38 and 113, the latter requiring all writs of habeas corpus issued by State authorities to be respectfully disrespected. The orders caused considerable excitement among the community, and resulted in bringing the civil and military authorities into conflict. For carrying out these orders—refusing to deliver up certain deserters on a writ of habeas corpus—a warrant for the arrest of Col. Boone was issued by Judge Paddock, probate judge of Hamilton Co., Ohio ; but the warrant could not be executed because of the guard which constantly surrounded his person. In July, 1863, Col. Boone called out his battalion for five or six days, on the Harrison Pike, to render assistance to the cavalry in pursuit of John Morgan, then on his unfortunate raid through Ohio. In December, 1862, the battalion at Maysville was ordered to Covington, Ky., for guard and patrol duty. Company H was mounted and did good service in .the country about Covington, giving special attention to bushwhackers and guerrillas. In October, 1863, the regiment was relieved, and ordered to report to Maj.-Gen. Rosecrans, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Reaching Murfreesboro', it was ordered to report to the post-commander for duty. Part of the regiment was at once mounted and sent out against the rebel guerrillas then infesting the country between Nashville and Tullahoma. In 1864 that part of the regiment not mounted was stationed on the line of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, in block-houses, to prevent the guerrillas from destroying it. August, 1864, block-house No. 4, in command of Sergt. Flohr, of Company B, was captured by the forces of 74 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY, OHIO the rebel Gen. Wheeler. Block-house No. 5 was attacked at the same time, but the rebels were handsomely repulsed by Lieut. John S. Orr, the commandant, and his gallant squad of thirty men, with the loss of three killed and seven wounded. For this brave defense Lieut. Orr was highly complimented in an order issued by Brig.-Gen. H. P. Van Cleeve. The rebel Gen. Wheeler attacked the Union lines on the railroad between Nashville and Duck River, and at Lavergne, Tenn. At Lavergne the regiment had one hundred men in a small fort, in which were mounted one six- and one twelve-pounder. The rebel cavalry outnumbered the Union forces three to one, and on the evening of August 31st made three furious charges, but were each time repulsed with serious loss. The firmness and bravery of the regiment on this occasion saved the line of railroad and much property at the fort. Shortly afterwards, Company K (mounted) surprised and captured a squad of guerrillas, and lost Sergt. Richmond, killed, and three men wounded. During Hood's advance on Nashville, in December, 1864, block-houses Nos. 1, 3, and 4 were assaulted by a large force of rebels under Forrest, and their garrisons, consisting of parts of Companies C, F, and G, captured. The garrisons of block-houses Nos. 5 and 6 were, by order of Gen. Thomas, withdrawn to Murfreesboro'. Block-house No. 7 was assaulted and surrounded by the rebels, and for fifteen days the garrison dared not venture outside. The garrison of block-house No. 2, under command of Lieut. Harter, was assaulted Dec. 19, 1864, by the enemy with three pieces of rifled artillery, and a continuous fire kept up from nine o'clock in the morning until dark. Two of the garrison were killed and three wounded. Under cover of the night the garrison withdrew, and reached Nashville in safety. On December 7, 1864, the rebel Gen. Buford made a vigorous charge on Murfreesboro', but, after a few hours' fighting, was driven back with heavy loss. Gen. Rousseau ordered Col. Boone to take charge of the 3d Michigan, with his own regiment, and " repulse and drive the rebels out of town." On the 10th of December, Gen. Hood overpowered the national forces at Lavergne by superiority of numbers, and caused block-houses Nos. 1, 3, and 4 to surrender, with a battalion of the 115th Regiment, numbering one hundred and forty men. Most of these were on their way to Columbus, under parole, on board the ill-fated steamer "Sultana," when it exploded on the Mississippi River, near Memphis, April 27, 1865. Eighty men, belonging to Companies B, C, F, and G, besides Capts. D. N. Lowry and John Eadie and Lieut. J. C. Ely, lost their lives. The regiment performed garrison duty at Murfreesboro' and guard duty on the line of the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, from Nashville to Tullahoma, until the 23d of June, 1865, when it was mustered out of service by Capt. W. S. Wilson, A.C.M. It received its final discharge and pay at Cleveland, Ohio, July 7, 1865. The regiment, during the latter part of its service, was in the 4th Division, 20th Army Corps, under Maj.-Gen. Rousseau, division commander. The 115th Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry did va ried duty, was well disciplined, and endured most of the privations and hardships of an active army-life, except hard and forced marches. The strength of the regiment when organized was nine hundred and eighty-five, and it subsequently received three hundred recruits. At muster-out it numbered six hundred and thirty officers and men, all told. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. This regiment was recruited in the fall of 1862, and was organized by Col. Emerson Opdycke, of Trumbull Co., Ohio. By the 6th of October eight full companies had reported, and were on that day mustered into the United States service. The regiment left camp Jan. 3, 1863, and then numbered six hundred and fifty-seven men, Companies I and K not having joined the ranks. Reaching Cincinnati, the regiment embarked for Louisville, Ky., and encamped beyond the city, where it prepared for field-service. It participated in the fights at Franklin in February, March, and April, and moved to Murfreesboro, June 21st, and towards Hillsboro' on the 24th, over wretched roads and in the rain. September 1st it moved towards Chattanooga, and skirmished with the enemy at the base of Lookout Mountain. It participated in the movements and skirmishes near Lee & Gordon's Mills and those antecedent to the battle of Chickamauga. In this battle the regiment engaged actively and exhibited great bravery, and were largely instrumental in winning victory for the national arms in that serious contest, which lasted, with varying success, from the 18th until the 20th of September. It was also engaged in the battle of the 25th of November, at Chattanooga, and on the 28th started to the relief of Gen. Burnside's forces at Knoxville, Tenn., and participated in the affair at Dandridge, in which it lost, of officers, Adjt. Smith, killed ; Lieut. Clark, of Company H, wounded ; and of privates, four killed and seven wounded. Lieut. Smith was fatally shot in the head with a musket-ball. The regiment was engaged in the battles, May 7 to May 12, 1861, at Dalton, Ga., losing four killed and eighteen wounded, and also fought bravely at Resaca on the 14th. It was also in the succeeding engagements at Lost Mountain and Kenesaw Mountain, where it executed a magnificent charge; though not well supported, losing Lieuts. Dilly and Burnham, killed, and Capt. Moses, wounded. After the fall of Atlanta, the 125th was, with others, sent back against Hood, then menacing Nashville. In the battle of Franklin it won high honor. Gen. Thomas, respecting its part in the battle, said, " Col. Opdycke, your brigade saved the army, at Franklin, and saved Nashville." The regiment captured eight prisoners and two battle-flags. Part of the regiment was on the skirmish-line in the battle of Nashville, and, under Lieut. Hulse, did good execution. At seven o'clock A.M. the regiment advanced with the line upon the enemy's works, and after a sharp fight carried them. The enemy was pursued, and night closed the conflict. The next day, the 16th, the 125th was again in motion at an early hour, and the fight resumed. At four p.m. the regiment charged with the division, upon