250 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY The bank too, despite the completeness of its modern appointments, has for fifty years kept and used a pin cushion made from rolled strips of felt cloth by Mark Huston, still actively engaged at his trade, and then one of the city's leading tailors. Since the bank's amalgamation of the Citizen's Bank its capital stock has been increased to $300,000 with a surplus of $300,000 and undivided profits of $100,000. In all the institution at the outset of 1926 had 15,000 accounts. Following the amalgamation of the First National and Citizens banks the following directors of the latter were added to the directorate of the former : C. C. Ashbaugh, Jason H. Brookes, Hugh L. McNicol and John W. Vodrey. J. W. Smith of the Citizens' Bank was also made an assistant cashier of the combined concern. The Potters National Bank was organized in July, 1881, when temporary quarters, in a room on the present site of the McKinley Hotel on Second Street, renting for $12.50 a month, were occupied. Successful from the start the directors purchased a lot at Broadway and Fourth streets and a two-story brick structure was erected thereon. It was completed and occupied in 1882. Early in 1900 the bank officials purchased a lot at Fifth and Washington streets when a three-story brick and stone structure was built at a cost of $38,000 and utilized first in March of 1901. This building was at the time the pride of East Liverpool and for nearly a quarter of a century it served the needs of the institution. In 1924 this edifice was torn down and the present commodious structure with all modern appointments that consist of a huge basement compartments, committee rooms and a community room for the public was begun and completed in 1925. Occupancy was had on November 9 of that year. Two additional lots were purchased and used in the surface necessary for the new building. Its total cost was $300,000. The first officials of the bank at its organization were William Brunt, president ; John N. Taylor, vice president ; F. D. Kitchall, cashier ; William Brunt, N. A. Frederick, William Cartwright, James H. Goodwin, Joseph Cartwright, F. D. Kitchall and John N. Taylor, directors. The officers of the bank as the new building was occupied in 1925 were : President, W. W. Harker ; vice president, N. A. Frederick ; cashier, R. W. Patterson, assistant cashier, J. F. Rigby. The directors were: W. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 251 W. Harker, N. A. Frederick, W. E. Wells, Edwin M. Knowles, Frank Crook, Homer J. Taylor, C. V. Beatty, G. R. Thomas, Malcolm W. Thompson and R. W. Patterson. The bank began with a capital of $50,000 which by 1925 has been increased to $100,000 with assets of $2,400,000 and a reserve and undivided profits amounting to $396,000. Early in 1926 the capital stock was increased to $400,000 with a surplus and undivided profits amounting to $650,000. The Citizens National Bank was organized on December 1, 1897, with Robert Hall as president ; John W. Vodrey, vice president and H. H. Blythe, cashier. For a year business was transacted in the present water works office on Fourth Street. In 1898 the building on Washington Street utilized by the institution until it was merged with the First National Bank in 1925 was erected at a cost of $15,000. At the same time the old Grand Hotel which abutted it at Sixth and Washington streets was also purchased at a cost of $25,000. This property was later sold, however. The original board of directors consisted of : Robert Hall, Joseph G. Lee, J. W. Vodrey, J. H. Brookes, H. A. Weitzeman, William Erlanger, Robert Burford, John M. Steele and Dr. W. N. Bailey. In 1905 the bank's surplus was $65,000 and its undivided profits $8,000. The stockholders voted to conclude the sale of the institution to the First National Bank on Dec. 28, 1925 and the transfer was made on Jan. 5, 1926. At the time John W. Vodrey was president ; Jason Brookes, vice president and H. H. Blythe, cashier. The directors were John W. Vodrey, Jason Brookes, R. C. Heddleston, E. J. Smith, Hugh McNicol, D. M. Cronin, C. C. Ashbaugh, J. M. Manor and Dr. W. N. Bailey. At the time the capital stock of the bank was $100,000, the assets $100,000, the reserve and undivided profits, $195,000. For a period following the passing of Robert Hall and previous to the incumbency of John W. Vodrey, Joseph G. Lee served as the bank's president. The Dollar Savings Bank was organized on May 31, 1902 with George H. Owen as president and Harry T. Hall as cashier. It had a capital and surplus of $68,000 in 1905. For five years business was transacted in the Watson Building at Sixth and Broadway. On April 2, 1907 the present quarters in the old Odd Fellows Building at Fifth and Washington were occupied following 252 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY its purchase in 1905 and subsequent transformation into a modern office building. Its present capital stock is $60,000 with surplus and undivided profits of $88,832. The bank has had but three presidents, George H. Owens, Moroe Patterson and Hal N. Harker, the present incumbent. Frank M. Gardner is its second cashier and R. B. Curby, assistant cashier. The present directors are H. N. Harker, president ; W. A. Weaver, vice president ; J. A. Trotter, Harvey McHenry, B. M. Louthan, J. S. Hilbert and Frank M. Gardner. The Community Bank was organized on August 30, 1919. Its initial officers were president, E. G. Sturgis ; vice president, W. H. Vodrey and Clyde Springer cashier. The latter has been succeeded in turn by George Williams and Milliard Blythe, the present incumbent. The bank began with and has a capital stock of $50,000. It has a present surplus of $3,000 and undivided profits of $12,000. It utilizes the Morris system of loaning. At the outset the directors consisted of C. V. Beatty, R. A. Cawood, E. G. Sturgis, W. T. McNutt, W. H. Vodrey, C. C. Ashbaugh, D. M. Cronin, J. B. McDonald and F. F. DeBolt. The present directorate is made up of the same persons except that W. S. Fowler and R. G. Thompson have succeeded W. T. McNutt and E. G. Sturgis. The present president is C. V. Beatty with R. A. Cawood as vice president. Business was begun in a room adjacent to the Dollar Bank in the Hodson Building on Fifth Street. In June of 1924 The Peoples Building and Savings Building at Fifth and Market streets, consisting of five business rooms and three floors were purchased at a cost of $71,000 and the corner room vacated by the Building and Loan Company which had merged with the Union Building and Loan Company was occupied by the bank. It had savings and accounts that exceeded $175,000 in 1925. The Potters Savings and Loan Company was organized in February of 1889 by its present secretary, John J. Purinton. The institution was the outgrowth of two years experience in the operation of The East Liverpool Building and Loan Company which functioned under the old "terminating" plan. Finding it to be not adequate to meet the demands and methods of modern needs the present "permanent" plan was substituted. The success of the Potters Savings and Loan Company was so immediate and pronounced that by 1891 the East Liverpool Building and HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 253 Loan Company was merged with it as was the Witena Building and Loan Company in 1894. The latter had an authorized capital of $100,000. Its prime movers were Jethro Manly, George Wilson and Robert Hall. At the outset the business of the initial activities of the Potters Savings and Loan Company was conducted in the council chamber of the City Hall. Later an office was maintained in connection with the law offices of Mr. Purinton and his then associate, Jason Brookes in the present Community Bank Building at Fifth and Market streets. Later Mr. Purinton opened offices across the street in the present Brookes Building. Quarters were then procured in the present Dollar Bank Building at Fifth and Washington streets which were maintained for ten years when the present Potters Building, fronting Washington and Broadway was built at a total cost of $110,000. The site of the structure was purchased from Jetho Manley on Dec. 30, 1902 for $19,000 when the assets of the company were $1,700,000. The contract for the building was let March 21, 1904 to the Claude Nease Lumber Company. It was completed and opened for business on November 2, 1905 when the assets of the company were $2,200,000. It is a fireproof, five-story structure and contains numerous offices besides a large and commodious basement. Its total cost was more than $142,000. In 1924 the building was remodeled when the rooms for the company use were greatly enlarged and made modern in every detail while the heating and plumbing systems were also rebuilt at a cost of $90,000. Then the assets of the company had reached $6,827,536.87. The Federal Building and Loan Company was organized in 1902 with an authorized capital of $100,000. Dr. R. J. Marshall was the president, and Walter C. Supplee secretary. Business was begun in rooms on Mulberry Street which were occupied until Dec. 15, 1914 when the present quarters in the postoffice building on Pennsylvania Avenue were utilized. A. L. White succeeded Mr. Supplee as secretary on Dec. 10, 1910, Mr. Supplee having passed away a short time previously. The present authorized capital of the company is $2,000,000 with assets of $700,000. Dr. R. J. Marshall is still the president of the concern with T. H. Fisher, vice president. With them as directors are C. R. Boyce, J. W. Irwin, T. J. Kerr, J. C. Carnahan and A. L. White. The Union Building and Loan Company was formed in 1898 with 254 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY J. M. Kelly as president, Sherman T. Herbert secretary and Con Cronin as vice president. At the outset the company had an authorized capital of $1,000,000. On April 1, 1924 the concern, now The Union Savings and Loan Company-took over the People's Building and Loan Company. The latter had been organized in 1899 with L. M. Thomas as president and M. E. Miskall as secretary. During the latter's incumbancy as postmaster from 1919 to 1924 and before his demise in the early days of December of the previous year much of the secretarial work was done by John Fowler. The present officials of the Union Savings and Loan Company are: President, G. Y. Travis ; secretary, S. T. Herbert. The company now has an authorized capital of $2,000,000 with assets of $1,500,000. Its directors are : G. Y. Travis, S. T. Herbert, J. T. Herbert, W. S. Steele, W. S. Fowler, C. V. Beatty, L. E. Conner, J. N. Hanley and Frank Crook. By 1926 the authorized capital of the company was $10,000,000. Its total assets were over $8,000,000 and its reserve and undivided profit fund totals over $600,000. The company has had but two presidents ; Robert Hall served until his passing in 1903. He was succeeded by the, then vice president, W. L. Smith, who in turn was succeeded by John W. Vodrey as vice president. Both still maintain these positions. The company has had three treasurers, William B. Green, who removed from the city in 1891 and was succeeded by F. D. Kitchel, cashier of The Potters National Bank, who served until his removal from the city in 1907 when the duties of the position were absorbed by Joseph M. Blazer, the present incumbent. The chief executive position of the company from the outset has been held by John J. Purinton, who, since 1922, has been assisted in that. capacity by his son, Alwyn C. Purinton, as assistant secretary. In addition to those previously designated the Company has been efficiently and devotedly served for varying periods as directors by George Kaufman, Robert Hill, John H. Burgess, Charles H. Birkett, William Erlander, Dr. William M. Calhoun, H. A. Weeks, and Thomas J. Duffy. Among the directors that have passed away are F. D. Kitchel, William B. Lewis, William Kent, Robert Hall, Thomas Plunkett, Robert T. Hall, F. G. Croxall, R. B. Stevenson and Thomas H. Arbuckle. The present directors are: W. L. Smith, John W. Vodrey, Robert HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 255 H. Perry, Daniel F. Nellis, Charles W. Hendershot, Patrick McNicol, T. E. Lewis, John J., and Alwyn C. Purinton. At the close of 1925 the total membership of the Potters Savings and Loan Company exceeded 11,000. In 1912 the School Savings System plan was submitted by the company to the school board which, being approved and subsequently installed in the city's public schools has made East Liverpool a pioneer in a departure that has spread to almost every state in the Union and has gone far in teaching thrift to children and foundationing their future. CHAPTER XVII. CHURCHES. PIONEER MINISTERS-FIRST CHURCHES-METHODISTS- FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-SECOND PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH-AND EMMANUEL PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH. Under spreading trees, in private houses and within tents early Columbiana County residents worshipped God publicly and heard the preaching of the Gospel. Always its religious atmosphere grew and proved an inspiring and comforting impetus throughout the multitudinous vicissitudes of the initial phase of its existence which, in its mature years, has established it as a community of high moral tone, one inculcated in Christian doctrine and given to a breadth of equity in the varied human relationships of its inhabitants. It was a Methodist minister, Rev. Robert Dobbins, of Yellow Creek, who preached first to an East Liverpool audience which, few in number, greeted him in the open in 1799. He filled in at every opportunity. Then, from Calcutta, came the Presbyterian preachers, Revs. Thomas E. Hughes and John Scott, who, as evangelists, had with others been holding revivals throughout the outlying settlements. Episcopalians erected the first church within the present city confines and the Roman Catholic Church followed with the second built structure. Then, in turn, as the population mounted the various denominations became active in organization and resultant building of places of worship until by 1925 East Liverpool has more than 35 church and missions, some fitted with every modern appointment and all carrying a value exceeding $1,000,000, with a total membership of more than 12,000 in all the different denominations. Not until 1834 was an effort made to build a church in East Liverpool - 256 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 257 though meetings were held in the log school house and the later brick one on the present site of the Fourth Street Common School, when inclement and cold weather prevented outside services. In that year the Episcopal congregation, just organized, put up a frame structure on Fourth Street on the same site now similarly utilized which was contributed by James Penderton, John Moore and Thomas Fawcett, the town's second owners. It was designated as St. Stephen's Protestant Episcopal Church. The first sermon preached in it was by the Rev. Thomas Mitchell, who became the initial rector. He was followed by the Revs. Thomas Adderly, James Goodwin, Edmund Christian, Mr. Butler, T. K. Rodgers, T. K. Coleman, Mr. McKay, Mr. Gilbert, Phillip McKim, Mr. Burke, Jesse C. Taylor, Frederick Williams and Rev. Mr. O'Meara. In 1879 on an adjoining lot the original church was replaced by what was known as "The Bell Church." The membership then was about 30, the attendance 150 and the Sunday School 125. The new structure, of brick, cost $6,000. It was destroyed by fire in 1899. A beautiful stone edifice replaced the lost church at a cost of $8,000 and was dedicated on Dec. 26, 1900, by Bishop W. A. Leanord, of Cleveland. The pastor was Rev. Edwin Weary, who continued as such until 1902. Then followed in turn, Revs. Robert Kell and Lionel C. Difford. The former, going to Baltimore, Md., in 1919, was succeeded by the latter who remained in charge until his demise on Jan. 26, 1926, following a year's illness. He was buried in Riverview Cemetery. In 1922-23 a commodious parish house was built between the church and the parsonage at a cost of $40,000. It was dedicated on Sept. 17, 1923 by Bishop Frank Du Moulen, of Cleveland, with Rev. Lionel C. Difford as the rector. At the annual meeting of the church on Feb. 2, 1926 the old vestry was re-elected as follows : senior warden, Albert Calms ; junior warden, W. H. Thompson ; treasurer, R. A. Weinhardt ; clerk, George Steel ; financial secretary, Clifford Hindley, R. J. Shepherd, A. M. Burns, Robert M. Cartwright, John B. McDonald, Charles Nelson and John Parker. Methodists during early East Liverpool days first held their services in the various homes of those belonging to their denomination. Then followed meetings in the initial hewn log school house on the present site of the Central School Building on Fourth Street which were in charge of the circuit riders of that period. (17)V1 258 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY In 1827 the Rev. George Brown, of Wheeling, W. Va., organized the first Methodist class at the home of Claiborne Simms, Jr. It consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Jesse Johnson ; Mr. and Mrs. James and William Warrick ; the Fawcett Sisters, Mr. and Mrs. Claiborne Sims, Mrs. Robert Fawcett, Mr. and Mrs. Simeon Johnson, Mrs. Nancy Anderson, Mr. and Mrs. William G. Smith, Mrs. Abagail Smith, Mr. and Mrs. Samuel Lyon, John Lyon, Mr. and Mrs. Able Coffin, Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin Davidson and others. Then followed the forming of the Sunday School with Jesse Johnson as initial superintendent. One of the earliest singers who often led the music in the class meetings was Mrs. Nancy Anderson. She also combined the work of village nurse and church janitor in her effort to aid the work then being done. Here, in one of these religious sessions, Adam Poe, son of the famous Indian fighter, became convicted of his sins and later was converted as he rowed home across the Little Beaver Creek. He later became a Methodist preacher. By a strange coincidence the Fifth and Jackson Streets lot, at least 50x90 feet of it on which the original Methodist Church stood was procured from a Catholic, James Blakely, who was associated with William G. Smith, grandson of the town's founder, in the real estate business. Both wished to further the interests of Christianity in the community. They donated a lot, that on which part of the Vodrey pottery now stands to the Catholic residents and certain other property was traded to Mr. Blakely for the Methodist plot. Thus, Mr. Smith donated the site for the initial church in 1836 when he was 33 years of age. In the following year a square edifice with a stone basement and an upper section of brick was thereon erected. With the old log school house dilapidated the members began holding services in the basement ere the remainder of the structure was completed. This was continued for several years since sufficient funds for its completion were not forthcoming. William Phillips and his wife, Susannah Phillips, who lived at the present site of Dixonville, mortgaged their farm to raise the necessary money. Accordingly the church was generally known as "Father Phillip's Church." Among those aiding in these basement services were the Bennett brothers, who operated the first pottery in the city. Edwin Bennett, who later removed to Baltimore and lived to be the oldest manufacturing potter in America, frequently preached in these meetings, he having qualified as a local preacher. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 259 From 1834 to 1848 the church was a member of the Pittsburg, Pa., Conference and was a part of the Warren, Ohio and Beaver, Pa., districts. It was the custom to have a senior and junior minister who filled the various small congregations of this area as they found it possible to do so. A young preacher of that time received $100 per year ; a married minister was given twice this sum with an additional $16 per month for each of his children under 16 years of age. The young divines were also forbidden by the church conference to marry until they had spent four years in the ministry. The ministers serving the church in this interim were: Stephen Hubbard, 1834 ; L. D. Prosser and G. C. Baker, 1835; D. Goddard, 1836 ; John White, 1837 ; Israel Dallas, 1838 ; John J. Sweazie, 1839 ; H. Wharton and S. W. Day, 1840 ; H. S. Wharton and C. H. Jackson, 1841; J. M. Bray and W. P. Blackburn, 1842-43 ; Warner Long and John Huston, 1844 ; Nathan Calendar and J. K. Miller, 1845 ; J. K. Miller and M. L. Weekly, 1846 ; John Murray and Thomas Winstanley, 1847 ; Thomas Winstanley, 1848. In 1849 the church became a part of Liverpool Circuit with Revs. W. C. Henderson and L. J. Dales as the visiting preachers. In 1850 the former was assisted by Rev. W. N. Gilmore and in 1851 by Revs. John Huston and Samuel Crouse. In 1852 the church was one in the Allegheny district with John Huston and J. K. Miller as the preachers. Came then in turn: 1853J. Ansley and A. W. Butts ; 1854—Andrew Huston and F. D. Fast ; 1855—Andrew Huston and supply ; 1856---D. B. Campbell and J. R. Roller ; 1857-'58-'59—H. W. Baker, J. M. Carr, Edward Williams ; 1860—M. W. Dallas, A. W. Taylor, Henry Mansell ; 1861—M. W. Dallas, W. D. Stephens ; 1862—Wesley Smith. In 1863 the church had 72 members. It then became the East Liverpool station. The Rev. M. S. Kendiz, with four years of circuit work, became the first settled pastor. He bewailed his lack of experience to his district elder, Rev. I. N. Baird who firmly told him: "Go and do the work of a Methodist preacher and all will be well." The two-story brick church then used was commodious, but not beautiful. But it was free from debt. Rev. Mr. Kendiz received $320 for his year's work which was raised to $400 the following year for his successor, Rev. Walter Brown. In 260 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY 1865-'66 Rev. G. A. Lowman was in charge. The membership had increased to 86. He was receiving $600 per annum. In 1867-68 Rev. George Crook was the shepherd of the flock, then 132 strong. The salary-was placed at $1,000, in 1869-'70 for Rev. Alexander Scott and for Rev. W. P. Turner in 1871-'72-'73. By the latter year the membership was 190 and the pay $1,100. The need for a larger edifice was now apparent. On July 14. 1872 it was agreed by the trustees to build a new church. An additional 50 feet on Fifth Street was purchased by David Boyce for $500. Plans were submitted by Architect C. C. Kemble of Wheeling, W. Va. All initial bids were rejected. The contract was finally awarded to William Faloon & Co., of Salineville, Ohio for the sum of $14,500 and stipulated for its completion by Oct. 1, 1873. The old structure was torn down and services held in a "tabernacle" constructed across Jackson Street on the site of the Dr. C. H. Ogden home. The corner stone was laid on June 28, 1873. The building was not completed by the stipulated time It was turned over unfinished to the trustees July 3, 1874. The total cost had reached $18,067.86, of this sum $10,200.53 was paid. The structure consisted of a lecture room and an audience room above it. The former, finished, was dedicated on Sept. 27, 1874. The services were in charge of Dr. R. S. Dashiels, missionary secretary of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Though it rained all day $5,000 of the indebtedness was raised. Rev. Ezra Hingley was pastor of the church at this time, he serving during 1873-74. The membership had been augmented to 370, largely due to the annual revival services at the Spring Grove Camp Meeting and the pastor's salary was boosted to $1,200. In 1876-77 Rev. A. W. Butts was the pastor. In the latter year the church entered the East Ohio Conference, it having been transferred to the Steubenville district in 1867. The membership was then 425. The Rev. Sylvester Burt succeeded him in 1878 and a parsonage was built on Jackson Street. In 1879 the audience room of the new church was completed under Rev. Burt's ministry. It was dedicated in mid-summer of that year by Dr. R. L. Dashell, D. D. Missionary, secretary. The membership had reached 470 souls. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 261 With the erection of the parsonage and the furnishing of the audience room the church debt had reached the colossal sum of $7,000. This the Conference took cognizance of in 1880 and sent to the church as pastor the retiring presiding elder of the Steubenville district, the Rev. John Williams. He remained for three years and within six months, on May 24, 1881, raised the entire amount needed which averaged $1.25 for each of the town's then 5,600 population. His ministry was blest by an addition of 105 additional members, the total being 575. He was followed in 1883-'86 by Rev. L. W. Day. Rev. Mr. Williams was called back for three years more in 1886-'89. He found the church with a debt of $2,000. This he raised plus $4,000 the first year for additional repairs despite his 67 years. His health failing he was sent on a trip to England. He gave way, greatly beloved, by his congregation, to Rev. W. H. Locke who remained four years until 1892. In 1902 Rev. M. B. Pratt, of Akron, 0., began a three-year ministry and was followed by Rev. Thomas W. Lane, the retiring presiding elder of the Cleveland district. Then followed in turn Revs. A. D. Mink, Edwin Kirby, Isaac Miller, Jesse Wyeth, Dr. Isaac Wood and Dr. Frank Fowler. During Dr. Isaac Wood's ministry, in 1921, the old church, built in 1873, was razed and the preliminary work of constructing the present commodious, palatial and outstanding edifice, possessing all modern appointments, was begun. The corner stone was laid on Oct. 11, 1921 by Bishop W. L. Anderson, of Cincinnati and District Superintendent H. K. Hillberry, of Steubenville. The completed church was dedicated on Sept. 24, 1922 by Bishop W. L. Anderson, assisted by District Superintendent, H. K. Hillsberry, assisted by the pastor, Dr. Isaac Wood following a week of special services which were begun on Sunday, Sept. 17, 1922, with sermons by Bishop Edwin H. Hughes, of Malden, Mass. The large window of the new church facing Jackson Street is a reproduction of Raphael's "Transfiguration of Christ" at Saint Peters in Rome. It was built by Tiffiny, New York and presented to the church by Mrs. Isaac Watt Knowles and her son, Edwin M. Knowles, in memory of Isaac Watt Knowles. The beautiful window above the entrance to the edifice on Fifth Street representing "Easter morning" was also built by Tiffiny, of New York and presented to the church in loving memory of Nina Lee Dauler by her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Joseph G. Lee. The marble pulpit, 262 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY designed by Tiffiny, New York, is the gift of Mr. Lawrence M. Thomas in memory of his mother, Esther Warrick Thomas. The organ, built by the Tellers-Kent Company, Erie, Pa., was presented the church by Mrs. John Nessly Taylor and her son, Homer J. Taylor in memory of John N. Taylor. The Tubular Tower chimes, installed by the J. C. Deagan Co., Inc., of Chicago, Ill., was given to the church by Mrs. Josephine Thomas in honor of her husband, Mr. Lawrence M. Thomas. The total cost of the new structure was $275,000. The Pennsylvania Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church was the result of Godly men and women in the Episcopal Mission located on Virginia Avenue in the fall of 1887. Succeeding meetings were held in a nearby rented school room. Before its present designation it was known as the Second and Erie Street M. E. Church. The first building, a frame, was erected in 1889, costing $3,500, and dedicated free of debt. The present used structure, a commodious brick on Pennsylvania Avenue, was built in 1912 during the pastorage of Rev. W. A. Smith. It was dedicated on April 21 of that year by Bishop Joseph F. Berry of Philadelphia, Pa. The property is valued at $40,000. The membership is now 405 with a Sunday School enrollment of 650. The present pastor is Rev. George Westlake. He began his work with the church in 1926. Preceding him have been the following ministers in charge of it : W. S. Lockhart, 1888-'91; D. C. Knowles, 1891-'93 ; H. E. Hall, 1893-'94 ; E. S. Sears, 1894-'96 ; S. B. Salmon, 1896-'98 ; W. H. Haverfield, 1898-99 ; C. W. Orcutt, 1899-03 ; S. P. Lloyd, 1903-'05 ; S. E. Perejoy, 1905-'08 ; F. I. Dunbar, 1908-'10; W. A. Smith, 1910-1913 ; E. H. Warner, 1913-'14 ; A. W. Gruber, 1914-'17 ; M. W. Reese, 1917-'21; R. J. Norris, 1921-'23 ; Rev. W. E. Stokes, who died suddenly on March 8, 1926. The present officiary of the church is as follows: Local preachers, William T. House and R. J. Lawrence ; class leader, James Miles ; stewarts, F. L. Reagle, Arthur Hill, Mrs. F. L. Reagle, Mrs. A. C. Mardis, Walter McClelland, Elias Wright, Edgar Pittinger, Herbert A. Miles, Harold Downard, C. A. Poole, Louis Sanford, Edward B. Wolf, Herbert Plate, J. T. Armstrong, Clyde Goodballit, C. F. Curry, E. W. Lawrence, W. H. Goodballet, Louis Hardwick, John Green and Henry Harmon ; trustees, T. H. Wilkinson, W. T. House, Charles Landfried, Charles Hayes, L. R. Cottle, E. F. Cunningham, James Miles, Arthur Hill and J. A. Doplar. Supt. of the Sunday School, Louis Sanford ; president of the Women's HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 263 Home Missionary Society, Mrs. James Miles ; president of Women's Foreign Missionary Society, Mrs. Grace Welsh ; president of the Ladies' Aid Society, Mrs. W. C. Stokes. Evolving from a Sunday School held in the Neville Institute school house from March, 1899, the Boyce Methodist Episcopal Church, at Elizabeth Street and Harvey Avenue, took definite church form when a newly erected frame structure, just completed, was dedicated on Dec. 17, 1905, by Dr. Manchester, of Steubenville, district superintendent. The first pastor of the church was Rev. S. A. Peregoy, who also was pastor of the then Erie M. E. Church. He was followed by Rev. W. S. Nichols, who presided also over the Orchard Grove M. E. Church. George Hollingshead, a student, was the first minister to give his entire time to the church. He was succeeded after a year by Revs. B. S. Brindley, A. A. Horton, Howard Pearson, the Rev. Dr. Farrar, O. L. Williams, who remained three years ; J. L. Mesley and D. W. Cooper, the latter also being the Orchard Grove M. E. Church pastor. Then followed E. G. Evans, Bruce Walter and J. L. Culp. The present pastor is Rev. J. L. McQueen. The membership is now 160 and the Sunday School enrollment 272. M. C. Flick, as assistant, presides over the official board during the minister's absence. The Orchard Grove Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church was built in 1907 following the desire of zealous members of the First Methodist Episcopal Church to meet the religious needs of the north side of the city. It evolved from a Sunday School started in Gardendale, a near suburban section which, consisting of 100 members, was initially superintended by A. W. Ferren. Ile was followed by J. T. Smith, great, great grandson of Thomas Fawcett, the city's founder for two years and by O. W. Shingleton for a similar period. Mr. Smith thereafter served in this capacity for fourteen straight years. During a revival following the opening of the school by Rev. Clark Crawford, 75 persons were converted. Another similar meeting directed by Dr. Milton B. Bratt, pastor of the First M. E. Church, resulted in additional accessions whereupon a lot at St. Clair and Orchard Grove Avenues was purchased and a modern brick ediface with commodious auditorium, Sunday School and basement was erected at a cost of $11,000. The building committee consisted of Messers J. T. Smith, W. C. Todd, Monroe Patterson, George Kaufman and Christian Metsch of the parent 264 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY church. The structure was dedicated on Dec. 15, 1907 by Dr. T. W. Lane. pastor of the First M. E. Church of Wheeling, W. Va., with Rev. M. B. Pratt, then of Amsterdam, N. Y., preaching at the evening service. Rev. W. H. Dickerson, of Steubenville, district superintendent, presided. Dr. McLane also made the dedication prayer. Rev. W. S. Nicholson was pastor during the building of the church. He was followed by Revs. Mr. Hollet W. W. McEwan, Mr. Baird, David Cope, Clark Cooper, L. 0. Eldredge, W. E. Speaker. The corner stone of the new structure was laid on Nov. 10, 1906. On this occasion the Rev. James Swan, a north side resident, aged 82, who had preached for 55 years, offered prayer. The initial congregational prayer service in the building was held on Sept. 25, 1907. The church has since been remodeled by the extension of its basement and overhauling of the Sunday School room. It has a membership of about 150 with a Sunday School of practically 200. Its present pastor is Rev. S. Lee Whiteman who also has charge of the Anderson M. E. Church. He succeeded the Rev. John Kahoe, who was stationed in the north side during 1923-25. With the idea of contributing to the needs of the West End of the city the then Sheridan Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church was formed as the result of activity of the members of the First Methodist Episcopal Church. The initial steps towards its reorganization was begun with a cottage prayer service at the home of Mr. and Mrs. A. G. Allman of May Street on October 18, 1906. To further the project a finance committee composed of R. B. Stevenson, chairman, Mr. Graham, W. G. Pollock and Mesdames A. G. Allman, W. B. Cohen and C. H. Risinger were named. The lot on which the present church was then purchased of James Anderson. In 1907 a frame building with a basement that seated about 150 persons was erected at a cost of about $4,000. It was dedicated in mid-summer of that year, the dedicatory sermon being preached by Dr. T. W. Lane, the pastor of the First M. E. Church. His assistant, Rev. Paul Secrist, became the church's first pastor in connection with his other duties. In 1908 the church was given its own pastor, Rev. John Wesley Eicher. In 1909 the Rev. Charles J. Thompson became the pastor and the church began growing. In 1911 the church was enlarged to its present dimensions with a seating capacity of 350 and an enlarged basement that HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 265 will admit room for children in the Sunday School and the holding of Christian Endeavor services. The cost of the improvements totaled $4,500. The entire value of the property at the present time being about $10,000. In 1915 Rev. J. H. Schweisberger became the pastor for two years and was succeeded by the Rev. Alfred Walls, who remained for three years. He was succeeded by the Rev. E. D. Holtz, J. W. Coderno, W. D. Ward. Jay E. Smith and Lee S. Whiteman, the present incumbent, who also is in charge of the Orchard Grove M. E. Church. The church now has a membership of about 112 members with a Sunday School that averages an attendance of 105. In honor of Bishop William Anderson, then of Cincinnati, O., the church's name was changed to The Anderson Methodist Episcopal Church in 1921. The First Presbyterian Church was organized on Jan. 27, 1845. It was composed of but 16 members: Michael McKinnon, John Fisher, Sanford C. Hill, Mrs. Nancy McKinnon, Mrs. Elizabeth Fisher, Mrs. Sarah Hill, Eliza F. Hill, Anna E. Lewis, William Miller, Nancy Riley, Berlinda Riley, Nancy Riley, Jr., Josiah Scott, Jr., Susannah Scott, Sarah Scott and Mary Gibson. These came from the Long's Run Church near Calcutta. All were practically of Scotch origin. The initial ruling elders were Michael McKinnon, a man of strong convictions, who survived until 1874 when 93 years of age; John Fisher, broad shouldered and of smiling face, who passed away in 1870 and Sanford C. Hill, the town's famed almanac maker, astronomer, surveyor and accountant. Other early elders were John McCammon and James W. Gaston, who succeeded him in 1852. He served as such for 32 years. Subsequently there were James Logan, Andrew Blythe, John Smith, Sr., Dr. N. B. Hickman and D. G. Albert. The first supply minister was the Rev. Reuben Lewis who gave one-third of his time to the church until 1849 when he retired to work in Virginia. The membership by then had reached a total of 49. In 1850 the Rev. Thomas P. Gordon, the Wellsville pastor, a man of commanding address, gave part service to the church. He was followed in 1854 for two years by the Rev. John Moore, pastor at Yellow Creek. He later removed to Missouri. For seven years thereafter Rev. W. W. Laverty, Wellsville pastor 266 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY and teacher there and in Beaver, Pa., a fine scholar and impassioned preacher, filled at intervals the pulpit. Then followed Rev. William Dickson, pastor of the Long's Run Church whose clear cut theology so appealed that he was given a call as permanent pastor to the church but he finally yielded to the insistance of the Deerfield congregation over whose destinies he presided for ten years with signal success. After utilizing supply ministers for twenty-three years the church finally procured Rev. George W. Riggle as the first regular pastor. He was installed in October of 1867, of studious habits, thorough scholarship, superb voice, manly presence and uniform christian character his ministry soon caused the church to begin growing. Ill health forced him to quit in 1875 and move to New Mexico where he passed away in 1887. In 1877 Rev. S. H. McKown became the church's second regular pastor. Many allied themselves with the church during his period of service and a heavy debt carried by it was provided for largely through his agency. Ill health permitted him to remain in this capacity but a short time. The third pastor was Rev. T. V. Milligan who came to East Liverpool from the "Old Church" in Steubenville. He was installed on January 15, 1878. His pastorate continued for nine years until February of 1887. In this interim the church had constantly grown. From the original 16 the number was 69. In 1865 the enrollment was 110 with 118 Sunday School attendants. In 1877, the city's population being over 4,000, the membership had reached 187 and the Sunday School totaled 200. By 1880 the members were 338 and the Sunday School 275. During Dr. Milligan's pastorate marked mission work was done in bringing outside children into the Sunday School. This was begun in 1882. Outstanding in her activities in this direction was Mrs. Letitia Curry, who sought those living in and about the Jethro neighborhood. She taught a class for a time in the open under a tree, then was tendered a house for the purpose in Jethro Hollow which the notable flood of 1884 turned around, destroying its utility. But she and those aiding her refused to be daunted. Their activities resulted in the procuring of a lot on West Eighth Street and the subsequent erection of what is now West End Chapel which later evolved into a church of its own. In 1884 seventy persons were added to the parent church. When Dr. Milligan concluded his ministry to remove to Wooster, Ohio and there assume the HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 267 fiscal agency of the University of Wooster the membership had reached 435 persons while the Sunday School totaled 744. The Rev. Albert B. Marshall, D. D., succeeded Dr. Milligan as the church pastor. As pastor-elect he preached his first sermon in the church on Oct. 27, 1887. The installation services followed in December. It was conducted by a committee of Presbytery consisting of Rev. James M. Swan, Rev. John D. Owens, Rev. Houston, Rev. H. W. Lowery and Rev. Alexander M. Reid, Ph. D. At the time the session consisted of James C. Allison, John M.. Aten, W. N. Bailey, William Fisher, George Gaston, John F. Hickman, William B. McCord and George C. Morton. In 1887 Elder James C. Allison was superintendent of the Sunday School and was followed later by John J. Pierinton and George L. Matheny. In the latter's administration it was divided into private, intermediate and senior departments with 50 classes and the largest membership in its history. During Dr. Marshall's seven years of ministry which concluded in 1894 there had been added to the church 1,036 new members. Of this number 742 were on profession of faith. In all 225 were baptized. In this interim letters to other churches were granted 215, and 51 answered the final call. The church celebrated its fiftieth organization anniversary on January 25-27, 1895. This jubilee occasion also marked the installation of Rev. John Lloyd Lee, the successor of Dr. Marshall. On the evening of January 25, Rev. J. C. Kreusch, of New Philadelphia, O., moderator of the Steubenville Presbytery presided at the service. The sermon was preached by Rev. Frank DeWitt Talmage, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Pittsburg ; Dr. Marshall by then pastor of the Central Presbyterian Church at Des Moines, Iowa, charged the pastor, and Rev. H. W. Lowry, pastor of the Wellsville Presbyterian Church, delivered the charge to the congregation. Dr. Lee presided over the church for seven years. In 1902 he was succeeded by Rev. C. G. Jordan, a young man of vigor, who drew multitudes to hear his oratory. He departed to engage in evangelistic work and for a time was in addition a member of the Pennsylvania legislature. In 1904 Dr. E. M. McMillan took up the church pastoral work. In that year the members of the session were: John R. Stoddard, George Gaston, William Fisher, John M. Aten, J. C. Allison, John A. George, R. 268 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY E. Rayman, J. T. Elliott, F. H. Croxall, A. S. Young, Charles H. Blazer and Harry. Watkins. Dr. McMillan, after a fruitful pastorate of eight years, retired in 1912 and was succeeded by the present incumbent, Dr. D. W. McLeod, who, Canadian born, of Scotch forbears, big of brawn and massive of intellect, is one of the outstanding preachers of his day and generation in the Ohio Presbyterian Synod of which in 1923 he was the moderator. In 1923 following a revival of interest in the West End Chapel by J. Harry Cotton, a Princeton theological student, who, for more than a year, had assisted Dr. D. W. McLeod at the parent church. The chapel was then formed into the West End Church. Until his return to Princeton University Mr. Cotton acted as supply minister. Since his departure the Rev. Charles Howard Rank, pastor of the Madison Presbyterian Church, has had charge of both congregations. In 1892 a second chapel just off the north side on Morton Street was erected as the result of activity by Christian Endeavor members the previous year and devoted to Sunday School work. More than 200 scholars were enrolled. The first superintendent was John R. Stoddard. He was assisted by James Swaney and later by Howard J. Hill. Elder D. Moore was also a still later superintendent. With the building of churches on the north side the chapel was discontinued in recent years and the building sold. The seventy-fifth anniversary of the organization of the First Presbyterian Church was celebrated on Jan. 27, 1920 and continued until Feb. 1, 1920. The three surviving pastors of the church, Dr. A. B. Marshall, Dr. E. M. McMillan and Dr. Charles G. Jordan returned to preach during the celebration. The church, by 1925, is composed of some 1000 members. From it have in recent years been organized three churches in other sections of the city ; the West End Chapel on Eight Street ; the Second Presbyterian Church on Virginia Avenue, East End and the Emmanuel Presbyterian Church on Park Boulevard in North End residential section of the city. In addition to large missionary contributions the church also partially supports a missionary, Miss Lillian McHenry in Persia. The first worship place of the church was in a frame structure at Third and Jackson streets which was erected in 1848. A brick ediface was built in 1869-70 on Fourth Street. This served the demands of the HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 269 growing body until 1888 when the present structure which at intervals has been repaired and added to, was begun and completed the following year. It was constructed at a cost of $30,000 and dedicated by the Rev. James D. Moffat, D. D., of Washington, Pa., on Sept. 1, 1889. In 1925 the basement of the building was remodeled and greatly enlarged at a cost of $15,000, thus procuring an assembly room almost equal to the Sunday School space above it and enabling the primary and kindergarten students enlarged quarters. The church has throughout the years since its organization turned out the following ministers: Rev. William Gaston, Rev. Sanford C. Fisher, Rev. James M. Newell, Rev. Winfield E. Hill, Rev. S. Ferree Marks, O. C. Crawford, a missionary in China Bertram H. Conley, LeRoy Harries. The session in 1925 consisted of Erwin R. Allison, Howard W. Blake, Karl Fisher, P. A. Fuhrer, Oliver F. Johnson, G. R. Patterson, W. S. Pittinger, John R. Stoddard, Harry Watkins and Harry Yates. W. J. Scott, elected in April, 1925, served but a few days, as he shortly removed to Hamilton, Ohio. A small frame building formed West End Chapel of the First Presbyterian Church in 1887. The early Sunday School superintendents there were Howard J. Hill, M. F. Albright, W. A. Hill and W. V. Harris. A commodious two-story edifice was erected on the same spot in 1892 at a cost of more than $3,000. The following ministers as assistants to the First Presbyterian Church pastor have been in charge of the chapel at irregular intervals : Rev. Mr. Cooper, John Hammond, who during his work with the church conceived the idea to devote his life in the evangelistic field in which he has since taken high rank as an evangelist; Rev. Mr. Grim, M. M. McDevitt, Rev. Mr. Barker and Rev. E. J. Townshend. The Second Presbyterian Church was organized on March 26, 1890 with 80 charter members. In 1889 a mission school had been formed in the East End of the city by members of the First Presbyterian Church. Sessions were held in a frame building. The first pastor was Rev. H. A. Cooper, the second, Rev. A. D. McCullough and the third, Rev. N. M. Crowe who began his work in 1905. The building was enlarged. The merbership was 300. Among the initial elders were Robert Baird, George Wilson, Truman W. McCain and Isaac Beardmore. 270 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY In 1908 a brick structure, containing an audience and Sunday School room and a large basement auditorium, was constructed on Virginia Avenue at a cost of $30,000. Rev. L. B. Llewellyn was the pastor. The church corner stone was laid on August 16, 1908 by Rev. Paul Hickok, of Delaware, Ohio, grand chaplain of the grand lodge of the Free and Accepted Masons of Ohio in the presence of 4,000 persons. The church was dedicated on March 21, 1909. A flood damaged the basement of the church in 1923. The repairs which added to the commodiousness of the lower section of the structure cost $2,000. In 1921 an imposing and comfortable two-story dwelling of eight rooms for pastors was erected next to the church at a cost of $8,500. Following Rev. Mr. Crowe the pastors have been Revs. L. B. Llewellyn, Harold G. Gaunt, W. W. McEwan, J. M. Diehl, and Dr. F. E. Dean. The latter began his present ministry on Oct. 6, 1921. The membership of the church is now 280 with 222 enrolled in the Sunday School. Known first as the Community Church the Emmanuel Presbyterian Church developed from a Sunday School that was started on the North Side boulevard district of the city. Meetings at the outset were held in the old Maplewood School House, which since has been transformed into a residence. On Dec. 2, 1909 the present brick structure was erected and paid for by W. L. Thompson, who lived nearby. Its initial membership was about 50 persons. The congregation's first clerk was C. H. Blazor. Dr. E. M. McMillan, of the First Presbyterian Church, presided at such necessary meetings as moderator. The first board of elders consisted of H. G. Deidrick, F. P. Sant and C. H. Blazer. The then trustees were John C. Thompson, Robert T. Hall, Jesse C. Scott, Samuel Beerbridge, Edward Geise and Dr. J. M. Cartwright. The latter was also the first church treasurer. The church's first pastor was Rev. J. L. Grimm. He remained one year and was followed by Rev. E. G. Macleman. In 1914 Dr. W. H. Clark began a pastorate that was suddenly terminated when he passed away on Jan. 15, 1926, following a seizure of illness in a street car the previous day as he was making a down town trip. The church became known as the Emmanuel Presbyterian when it was incorporated under Ohio laws on Jan. 14, 1911. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 271 The church had two elders in 1925: Charles Gonzales and H. R. Thompson. Its present trustees are J. C. Thompson, W. H. Vodrey, George Faulk, Edward Adams, Leland Thomas, H. R. Thompson, W. E. Geiss, W. B. Louthan and Dr. Joseph Cartwright. The combined offices of secretary-treasurer are now held by W. H. Wain. The church's membership is 160 with a Sunday School attendance of about 90. CHAPTER XVIII. CHURCHES, CONTINUED. CATHOLIC CHURCH—ST. ALOYSIUS CHURCH—EARLY PRIESTS—ST. JOHN'S EVANGELICAL LUTHERAN CHURCH—FIRST UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH -SECOND UNITED PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH—FIRST METHODIST PROTESTANT CHURCH—SALVATION ARMY—FIRST CHURCH OF CHRIST— SECOND CHURCH OF CHRIST—BAPTIST CHURCH—FIRST CHURCH OF THE NAZERENE—CHRISTIAN CHURCH—OTHER DENOMINATIONS. On a portion of the plot occupied by the Vodrey Pottery on East Fourth Street a section of its wall is now a part of the plant the first Catholic Church in East Liverpool was built. It was begun in 1837, but remained unfinished for several years due to a lack of funds which were earnestly sought by permission of Bishop Purcel in other Ohio congregations. By July 1841 the sum of $3,000 had been expended on the brick structure (40x70 feet) with a debt of $1,000. In the appeal sent out it was declared: "Considering our numbers we have succeeded in raising a beautiful and substantial edifice, one that will be an ornament to our town and a credit to our faith." Rev. James Conlon, the first priest to administer to the spiritual interests of the Catholics of East Liverpool, directed the building and financial activities of the new church. Rev. Mr. Conlon found ten Catholic families in the hamlet when he made his first visit in the fall of 1835. Meetings for sixteen years were held in the largest room of the spacious home of J. S. Blakely, a prominent citizen and generous Catholic. Though the mission was small and poor, decision was reached to build a church. Services were maintained in it in its unfinished state. But the necessity to meet the debt caused the appeal that was generously responded to and the building was corn- - 272 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 273 pleted. But before it could be then used an early morning fire destroyed it on Palm Sunday in 1845. It had cost $4,000. Stunned by their loss the members had recourse to the generosity of Mr. Blakely whose home was used until in 1851-52 a frame structure was erected by Rev. James Monahan at Fifth and Jefferson streets which fronted the latter. It cost $1,000 and was 30x50 feet in dimensions. During Rev. P. J. McGuire's postorate 25 feet was added to it at a cost of $800. Timber for the original frame building on Fifth Street was prepared in Pittsburg and floated down the Ohio River on a raft to East Liverpool. During Rev. Carroll's pastorate also, in 1887, this structure was razed and the present St. Aloysius erected thereon at a cost of $30,000. It was dedicated on Oct. 5, 1890 by Mgr. F. M. Boff, V. G., of Cleveland. In 1913 the structure's brick walls were covered with cement, giving it an appearance of imposing stone. The entire repairs cost $7,000. During Rev. Mr. Carroll's stay in East Liverpool his residence on Fifth Street was converted into a school and the present parsonage site and initial residence on it purchased. He also purchased four and one-half acres of land on Pleasant Heights and devoted it to burial purposes. Rev. James Conlon attended East Liverpool as a mission from his home in Steubenville from 1835 to 1842 and from Dungannon until 1849. It was then made a monthly mission by resident pastors of Dungannon from 1849 to 1856 and from Summitville from 1856 to 1874, when after a few months it was attended by Rev. James Cullen from Wellsville. In the summer of 1876 Rev. P. J. McGuire built a comfortable brick residence on two lots on Fifth Street at a cost of $4,000, the land costing him $1,600. By Rev. Mr. Carroll this was used as a school. The present residence for church pastors was first erected in 1883. In 1903 during the pastorate of Rev. Thomas M. Smyth, an eight-room brick school house with all modern appointments was erected on the former site of the pastor's residence on Fifth Street at a cost of 835,000. During his early labors with the church old debts and improvements amounting to $14,000 was liquidated by him. Later a frame Sisters Home was built just athwart the school building, which in 1919-20 was sold as a residence and moved to Fourth Street when an adjoining two-story brick house was purchased and remodeled in Spanish design for a Sisters' Home and Convent at a cost of $20,000. This departure was accomplished during the pastorate of Rev. T. Austin (18)V1 274 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Dunne, who also before his passing on Feb. 6, 1925 started the work of enlargening and overhauling the pastoral residence next to the church, which was completed in the fall of that year at a cost of several thousand dollars. The building now presents a stone appearance and the grading and horticultural work on the lots in and about it and in the rear of the church, school and convent lots has made of the entire property owned by the church on Fifth Street of greatly increased value and enhanced appearance. Throughout the years the church's growth has been continuous and steady. In 1918 a second church building in the city became necessary when a frame structure with a large basement was erected in the East End on Pennsylvania Avenue by Rev. T. A. Dunne at a cost of $10,000. Its first pastor was the Rev. Jerome Reidy, of Cleveland, who formerly had been an assistant to Father Smyth at St. Aloysius. Later when Father Reidy was transferred to Youngstown the church became a mission with Father Dunne in charge of both churchs. Since 1921 the church has been presided over by the Rev. Stanislan Cappe. An East Liverpool girl, Miss Mary Imogene Blakely, selected the name "St. Aloysius" for the church. She was the daughter of John S. Blakely, who with Ferdinand Keffer, George Buch Leet, Patrick and John McNicol, Martin Hilbert, Mrs. Henrietta Kellar, Thomas Plunkett, G. Margraff, M. Holtzman, George Darrah, George Diedrick and other zealous Catholics of that early date made possible the erection of the frame structure which preceded the present stone-brick edifice. Mrs. Henrietta C. Keifer was then the organist and vocalist and Miss Blakely had charge of the altar and general ornamentation of the church. Her brother, Walter J. Blakely, was the first boy to serve mass in East Liverpool. Mr. Blakely declared in a letter sent from St. Louis on March 11, 1904 that "several liberal and kindly disposed Protestants contributed to the expense of building the church. Our beloved 'Old Doctor Ogden' frequently attended the services. Rt. Rev. M. G. Boff, later vicar general of the Cleveland diocese, was one of our earliest 'occasional pastors.' " The Rev. Patrick J. McGuire, a native of Ireland, where he was born in 1841, was the first active pastor at St. Aloysius. He was appointed to the church at Summitsville and Columbiana County missions in September of 1864, which he served for ten years, when he was called to the pastorate of St. Bridget's Church in Cleveland, which he held until Feb- HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 275 ruary, 1876, when he was returned to St. Aloysius in East Liverpool with Wellsville as a mission. He remained in East Liverpool until sent to St. John's Church in Canton. Father McGuire was possessed of brilliant talents, fine literary tastes and a fortunate physical organization which gave him a mental balance and a happy temperament that stood him well for the pastoral duties. He was succeeded by Father Denes Tighe, who twice for brief periods, held the pastorate at the church. In November, 1879 the Rev. John P. Carroll, a native of New York City, became pastor and continued as such until March of 1893, when failing health compelled him to resign. For nearly a year he was a patient in Charity Hospital, Cleveland, where he succumbed on Feb. 6, 1894. His remains were brought to East Liverpool and interred in St. Aloysius Cemetery. From March to Dec. 5, 1893 the Rev. John C. Desmond, a native of Cork, Ireland, assumed the church's leadership only to be taken ill and removed to Mercy Hospital in Pittsburg where he passed away. Fathers James Cullen, J. T. Cahill and E. J. Murphy filled in for brief periods during these early pastorates. The Rev. Thomas M. Smyth, who was born in Morristown, N. J., May 27, 1847, succeeded to the pastorate in December of 1893, he coming to East Liverpool from Ashtabula, Ohio. He served until 1915 when he died in the pastorate residence. His remains were interred in the Catholic Cemetery on Pleasant Heights, East Liverpool, following a funeral that was attended by numerous dignitaries of the church. That year he was succeeded by Rev. T. Austin Dunne, a native of Canton, Ohio, who served until his passing in 1925. His remains were taken to Canton for interment. In the summer of 1925 Rev. T. E. Walsh, of Cleveland, was transferred from Youngstown to East Liverpool and is now in charge of St. Aloysius. Since its organization St. Aloysius has had several assistant pastors. The first of these was the Rev. Thomas J. Mahon, of Youngstown. He came to St. Aloysius in June of 1901 and remained over three years. Those who have followed him for varied periods have been Revs. James Cummings, Jerome Reidy, Michael J. Flannagan, Thomas J. Gaffney and the present incumbent, Walter Fowler, all of Cleveland. The latter has served since 1923. The church throughout the years of its activity has turned out from its membership some notable members of the priesthood. These include 276 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY the Rev. Patrick Farrell, D. D., who was born in East Liverpool Oct. 28, 1862. He graduated in one of East Liverpool's first High School classes, it having but three members: himself, John J. Purinton, later state senator and leader in the Pottery City financial world and Rev. A. H. Lucas, later a prominent Methodist minister in the East. Rev. Mr. Farrell took post graduate work in Rome, Italy. He became pastor of St. John's Cathedral in Cleveland and Chancellor of the Diocese and also taught in the Diocesan Seminary. He died in 1910 and was buried in East Liverpool. Another is the Rev. William A. Scullen, nephew of Rev. Farrell, who also became Chancellor of the Diocese under Bishop Farelly, of Cleveland. Other pastors developed from the church are Revs. John McKeever, of St. Martha's, Akron ; Cornelius Mahoney, of Alliance and Daniel O'Shea, of Gerard, Ohio. The church now has a membership of about 3,000, of whom about 800 are affiliated with St. Anne's in the East End of the city. Catholicism in the Ohio Valley was the result of the Jesuits, whose emissaries included Fathers Peter Pateir, Joseph B. De Bonnecamp and Joseph de la Richardie. Columbiana County soon became a center of the Church in Northeastern Ohio with Summitsville, Dungannon and Steubenville having chuches from which missions in East Liverpool and Wellsville were formed. From 1840 to 1864 the following priests held services in The Pottery City: Rev. James Monahan, 1849-52 ; Rev. Michael Kennedy, July to Dec. 1852 ; William O'Connor and Frances Strokes, Dec. 1852 to June 1855 ; Michael Prendegast, 1856-1858 ; Thomas J. Walsh 1858-59 ; Denes Tigue 1859-64 and P. J. McGuire 1864-74. St. John's Evangelical Lutheran Church was the outgrowth of this denomination and the Reformed Protestant Church whose members enjoyed occasional worship in East Liverpool as early as 1854. They employed ministers in common and held services in dwellings and school houses. The Rev. Mr. Lenakemper served them until 1858. For several years thereafter no meetings were held. In 1864 Rev. Henry Reit revived interest in the adherents of the denomination. He served them until 1868 and was succeeded by Rev. Mr. Geiser. During the pastorate of Rev. Mr. Geiser the two organizations joined in the erection of a brick edifice on Third Street. It became known as The German Lutheran Church. This was replaced in 1896 by a brick HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 277 and stone structure costing $25,000. Dr. J. G. Reinartz was then the pastor. It was dedicated on Nov. 29, 1896. Succeeding Rev. M. Geiser were the following pastors: Revs. Mr. Steinbach, John Fritsch, George Becker, Mr. Born, M. Kreugler and John Fritsch for the second time. Rev. Mr. Fritsch also served at the same time a church at New Castle, Pa. The membership of the church was then but 15. With a membership of 24 Dr. J. G. Reinartz, the present pastor, began his long pastorate on June 6, 1886. The church began and has continued to grow under his supervision. There were 500 enrolled members in 1905. The church celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary of Dr. Reinhartz's ministry on Dec. 3, 1911, with sermons by Rev. C. Theophilus Bentz, president Thiel College, Greenville, Pa., who spoke in German and Rev. J. L. Smith, D. D., Pittsburg, Pa. In 1923 the church was overhauled and repaired. The brick walls were coated with cement, giving the whole the appearance of a stone edifice. A commodious Sunday School room has been arranged on the basement floor with a Jackson Street entrance. The cost of the improvements was $10,000. The present membership is 600 baptized persons. During his pastorate Dr. Reinhartz has buried 475 members of his church. In the rear of the church on Jackson Street a commodious parsonage has been built. With an additional lot next to the church on Third Street the property owned by the congregation is valued at about $100,000. The First United Presbyterian Church was organized in 1851-52. It was initially under the direction of the Associate Reformed Presbyterian Presbytery of Steubenville. It became a United Presbyterian congregation with the Union of the Churches in 1858. There were 18 original members : Alexander Young, George Anderson, Mrs. Isabel Anderson, Mrs. Mary Anderson, Nancy J. Anderson, William Blythe, Mrs. Harriet Blythe, William Dever, Mrs. Nancy Dever, Mrs. Mary Marks, Alfred B. Marks, Miss Ellivia Marks, Mrs. Finley, Miss Rebecca Finley, James McCormick, Mrs. Ellen McCormick and Mr. and Mrs. James Gibson. Rev. S. W. Clark, who had charge of a St. Clair Township church, was the first pastor. Rev. Thomas Andrews followed him, serving the Calcutta Church also. After him was Rev. J. W. Martin. In May, 1869 the Rev. J. C. Taggart assumed charge and for four decades directed the des- 278 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY tinies of the constantly growing congregation. He began with supervision of but 95 members and was ordained in June of 1869. For a time the original members worshipped in the town's school house and other churches. In 1854 a frame church building was erected at Fifth and Market streets on the present site of the Brookes Building. In 1876 across the street on the opposite corner a two-story brick edifice was erected which cost $16,000. It was dedicated in 1878. It was sold to the Citizens National Bank, and a more modern building of Vermont sandstone was built at Sixth and Jefferson streets at a cost of $95,000. With large auditorium, Sunday School and class rooms, pastors study, gallery and choir loft, a basement with kitchen, it has all the appointments that the times demand. It was dedicated on Jan. 5, 1907, the Rev. John Knox McClurkin of Pittsburg making the dedicatory address. When Dr. Taggart passed away he was succeeded by Rev. H. A. Kelsey, of Altoona, Pa., in 1910. He remained until 1916 and was followed by Rev. J. A. Speer, of Steubenville. The latter was suceeded in 1919 by the Rev. L. A. Davison, of Pittsburg, the present pastor. The church has a present membership of about 600 members. The Jefferson Street window of the new structure depicts "Christ in Gethsemene" and that on Sixth Street "The Good Shepherd." The first church formed in the East End of the city was the Second United Presbyterian Church. Organization was effected on March 15, 1887 with 47 members. Previously since 1881 under the direction of the members of the First United Presbyterian Congregation and its pastor, Dr. J. C. Taggart, a Sunday School had been maintained in the suburb. Preaching at monthly intervals was had for an interval by stated supplies. The first pastor of the church was the Rev. A. K. Knox. At the start The Neville Institute School was used as a meeting place and also the Walters Cooper Shop. A chapel costing $1,100 was built and opened for use on Oct. 31, 1881. In this early Sunday School John J. Quay was the first superintendent. He was followed by J. C. McClain. On Sept. 9, 1898 the corner stone of the present brick edifice at Mulberry and St. George streets was laid with an elaborate program which included parts by Revs. Dr. J. C. Taggart of the First U. P. Church, Rev. Dr. John R. Lee, of the First Presbyterian Church, Rev. Mr. Cooper, of the Second Presbyterian Church and Rev. W. J. Wishart, of Allegheny, HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 279 Pa., who made the chief address of the occasion. Special music was rendered by the choir under the then direction of Frank White. Among the members were Alex McGraw, D. A. Mackintosh, W. H. Gaston, J. A., and Alex Quay and William Glenn. The structure consisting of auditorium, Sunday School, class rooms and basement cost $8,000. Succeeding pastors of the church have been Revs. J. Ross Green, D. W. McQuiston, M. A. Eakin, John Watson, J. H. Rainey, Charles E. Nash, Mr. Buchanan and the present incumbent, Dr. J. O. Campbell The First Methodist Protestant Church was organized in May of 1855 with eleven members. For two years they worshipped in Bradshaw's Hall on Broadway. In that year the Sons of Temperance Hall on Fifth Street was purchased and in it the so-called "White Church" services were held for twenty years. In 1878 this building was torn down and a two-story brick edifice erected during the pastorate of Rev. J. B. Lucas at a cost of $10,000. This served the congregation until 1921 when a night fire made such damages to it that the members sold the property and built a modern church of imposing appearance with attractive equipment on Jackson Street. It has a large auditorium, Sunday School room, gallery, numerous class rooms, a basement with athletic arrangements, pastor's study and choir room. The new structure was erected with Rev. John Dimit as pastor. The building committee consisted of F. A. Smith, chairman, John Brookes, W. C. Todd, F. F. De Bolt, Joel B. Taylor, S. P. Ankrim, and Fred Kent. The dedication occurred on May 13, 1923, the dedicatory address being by Rev. Thomas H. Lewis, D. D., L. L. D., president of the General Conference of Washington, D. C., and was preceded by a week of special services. The cost of the structure and lot was $125,000. The first pastor of the church was Rev. E. A. Brindley. He was followed by Revs. William Hastings, George Burns, William Case, John Hodgkinson, J. H. Hall, Henry Palmer, J. B. Lucas, W. H. Gladden, R. B. Whitehead, C. F. Swift, Dr. David Jones, Dr George Sissen and John F. Dimit. Rev. Mr. Dimit came to the church from a pastorate in Waynesburg, Pa., in 1909 and is now serving his seventeenth continuous year as pastor. In this interim he has himself conducted some outstanding revivals. The church has a membership of about 500 persons. The Salvation Army, for 40 years, has been a distinctive religious 280 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY force in the religious life of East Liverpool. In the fall of 1883 a potter of the Pottery City went to Wellsburg, W. Va., to sober from his besetting sin. He fell in with the then Wellsburg Corps, accepted Christianity and lost his evil habits. Returning to East Liverpool he rented the Old Diedrick Opera House which seated about 400 people and set about to establish a local corps of the army. The Divisional Officer arrived and the establishment was made. At once it became known as "the Corps of the Gallant 600" because that number became converts during that time. The East Liverpool Corps, the fifth in Ohio, had the distinction of having the first brass band in the American Salvation Army. It was initially and for years directed by Thomas Manton, an early convert and long one of the city's most earnest Christian leaders. This band attained a national reputation and accompanied General William Booth, the organization's founder on some of his trips throughout the Ohio Valley during his initial visit to America from England. For over three decades served the Army in other official capacities before he retired and transferred his Christian activities to the First M. E. Church of the city. Many officers now prominent in the Army work in this country have been stationed with the Pottery City Corps. Capt. Samuel Emmil was the original commander. He was followed by Capt. Florence Graves and she by Captain James Britten during whose tenure the Army met with serious opposition, it being charged that the street services constituted a breaking of the peace of the community. Many of the older members were thrown in jail before it was decreed that it could hold its meetings in its own way. After Capt. Emmil Ensign and Mrs. Young Ensign and Mrs: Job and Captain Mataxes, a Greek, followed as corps commanders. Adjutant A. E. Snider had charge of the work in the city for eight years up to about 1912. He was followed by Adjutants William A. Brindley, William Hyde, J. H. Abrams, John Dean and the present commander, Major Hughes. In 1888 an auditorium of large dimensions was erected on Fourth at a cost of $3,000. The lot was leased from Henry Brunt, in 1908 a brick structure, seating 600, with a home for the commandant adjoining was built on Third Street at a cost of $28,000. The structure has a cornmodius basement which is jointly used as a junior room and stock apartment containing emergency supplies for the needy. This departure was consummated during the tenure of Adjutant A. E. Snider. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 281 With Rev. J. A. Brenenstuhl, of Steubenville, as the moving spirit the First Church of Christ was organized in 1888. It was incorporated the following year by Stockdale Jackman, H. H. Dixen, J. S. Scott, Thomas Lloyd and Col. William H. Vodrey. The same year a building was erected at East Fourth and Elm streets on a lot donated by the Hon. Josiah Thompson. The first pastor was Rev. B. C. Black. He served until October of 1891. On Jan. 26, 1897 the church was destroyed by fire. The members at once purchased Bradshaw's Hall on Broadway which, in 1898, was remodeled as a place of worship. All, including building, ground and improvements, cost $12,000. In 1905 the membership had reached 500, with Rev. J. W. Gorrell as pastor. Those serving between him and Rev. Black were Revs. Walter Mansel, C. W. Huffer and O. F. Reed. In 1912 a modern appointed church edifice was erected on the site of Col William H. Vodrey's home at College and Fourth streets. The structure includes a large auditorium which can be added to by a gallery and encircling class rooms plus the commodious Sunday School assembly room. A large basement with kitchen equipment and choir and office space add to its interior features, while the exterior, enhanced by large entrance columns, a long, wide expanse of steps leading thereto and capped by a huge dome gives the structure a compelling and imposing appearance. The new building was built during the pastorate of Dr. E. P. Wise of Akron, which began in 1904 and continued until 1914 during which the membership was greatly added to and the congregation assumed a leading status among the others of the city. Dr. Wise was greatly aided in his labors by his wife, Mrs. Wise, who, possessed of pertinent talents as a musician and organizer, directed the choir which did significant adjunt work to the pastor's efforts. Possessed also of a strong personality Mrs: Wise was during her husband's entire stay in East Liverpool a leading figure in its literary and social life which had its effect in adding to the growth of the church over which Mr. Wise presided. The new structure cost $75,000 and was dedicated on May 19, 1912 by Rev. George Enicly, of St. Louis, Mo. In 1903 a parsonage was built on the plot occupied by the first church at a cost of $4,500. Dr. Wise resigned to accept the pastorate of the Denomination's Church in its college town of Bethany, W. Va. He was succeeded by Rev. John Mullen. He remained until 1919 during which period he con- 282 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY ducted in the church several notable revivals. He accepted a call in Texas from whence he came, where, a few years later, he passed away. Rev. B. R. Johnson, a young man who had some time previously, presided over the Wellsville Christian Church was called to the pastorate from Akron in 1919. Under his leadership the debt remaining on the newly built structure was liquidated and the mortgage on it burnt. At a special service for this event in 1922 Dr. E. P. Wise, by then of Akron again, was present to see his initial work consummated. Rev. Johnson, himself strongly evangelistic, has held several successful revivals in the church and aided in others in which outside ministers were brought in. As a result the church has had marked results in numerical additions. The church now has a membership of 1,500 while the Sunday School enrollment is 600. From it have been formed the Second Church of Christ in the East End of the city and those of the denomination in Newell and Chester, W. Va. The Second Christian Church, located on Pennsylvania Avenue in the East End of the City, was organized in 1903. In two years it had a membership of 200. The pastor then was Rev. F. N. Pittman. The new religious unit had its beginning in a Sunday School which was formed and carried on for a long period by Rev. J. W. Gorrell of the First Christian and Rev. J. H. Weaver, a retired minister who was directing the Ohio Valley Business College. The present pastor is Rev. A. J. Travis. He was preceded by Revs. E. D. Munson, Dennison Myers, Mr. Beatty and Percy Britton. The present membership is 220 with a Sunday School attendance of about 100. So far as known no attempt was made to form a Baptist Church in East Liverpool until a century after its settlement. Until 1899 members of that denomination in the city worshipped with other denominations. On June 11 of that year a coterie consisting of Mr. and Mrs. T. C. Neal, lately arrived from Rudville, Ohio, and Mr. and Mrs. David Wells, just removed from Mt. Vernon, Ohio, C. C. Leiter, Mrs. Rebecca J. Robinson, Miss Georgia Robinson and other members of their families agreed to hold cottage services at their various homes. Meetings were held at the home of Mrs. Robinson on Market Street, the American Cash Grocery Store on Sixth Street and the Fowler Building in the Diamond until the church was organized at a meeting at the HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 283 First U. P. Church, Fifth and Market streets on July 11, 1901. The New Hampshire Covenant and articles of faith had been previously adopted on July 7, 1911. At this session Rev. E. Chestney of Wooster was the moderator and Rev. E. A. Read, of Martins Ferry, the clerk. The sermon was preached by Rev. C. B. Allen, of Canton. It thus became known as The First Baptist Church. On Oct. 1, 1901 Oscar Lee Owens, a student of Rochester, N. Y., became the church's first pastor. He was ordained in December of 1901 with Rev. C. J. Baldwin, D. D., of Granville, Ohio, preaching the sermon. The Sunday School was organized on Aug. 13, 1899. Shortly thereafter at a meeting in the home of Mrs. Rebecca Robinson an agreement was reached to proceed with the formation of a church. Those signing this initial action as members were Mr. and Mrs. T. C. Neal, Mr. and Mrs. David Wells, Mrs. Rebecca J. Robinson and Miss Georgia Robinson, C. A. Leiter and family having removed to Hamilton, Ohio. In January of 1900 Rev. H. H. Bawder was sent to East Liverpool by the Ohio Baptist Convention to further the organization in the city. He augmented it by about 85 persons from the immediate community, Wellsville and Chester, W. Va. Mr. and Mrs. Charles Brown of Akron joined the little band in 1900 and he became the church's clerk. Those from Wellsville allying themselves with the new denomination were Mrs. R. F. Southworth, Miss Carrie Southworth, Mr. and Mrs. Mathew Glass and Mrs. W. F. Lones. In 1901 W. H. Begnon, a student from Dennison University, became the student pastor until September of that year. A substantial brick edifice with commodious auditorium, basement and Sunday School was erected in 1910 on Fifth Street at a cost of $10,800. The dedicatory sermon was preached by Rev. George Leonard. In March of 1920 this structure was all but entirely destroyed by fire. It was immediately rebuilt at a cost of $22,000. The pastors of the church have been as follows : 1901-02, Rev. Oscar Lee Owens ; 1902 to 1906, Rev. H. H. Bawder ; 1906-11, Rev. Leo Brown ; 1911-16, Rev. W. J. Thompson ; 1919-22, Rev. J. Miller ; 1919-22, Rev. W. J. James. In the late summer of 1923 Rev. A. H. O'Brien, of Tiffin, Ohio, who, as a young man, had been a missionary to China, became the pastor which position he has since filled. 284 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Ever evangelistic the church, aided by several successful revivals, has constantly grown. Its present membership is 439 with a Sunday School having an enrollment of 400. The church also maintains a mission that is constantly increasing, on Pleasant Heights. The First Church of the Nazarene was organized on Oct. 24, 1910 by Rev. C. A. Imhoff, district superintendent of the Pittsburg district with the following members: Mr. and Mrs. Ben Bixley, Mr. and Mrs. C. W. Davis, Mr. and Mrs. S. S. Bennett, Mr. and Mrs. John McVay, Mr. and Mrs. William Marshall, Mr. and Mrs Newton Mosser, Mr. and Mrs. Arthur Seevers, Mr. and Mrs. C. F. Wood, Mrs. Estella Norris, H. D. Rutlidge and Edwin Reddick. The first pastor was the Rev. F. W. Armstrong. He was followed by Revs. T. J. Adams, E. G. Martin, H. G. Trumbauer, R. P. Fitch and 0. L. Benedum, the present incumbent. From the start the church has had a steady growth. After worshipping in various places the congregation in 1918 rented the former First Christian Church on Broadway, which was utilized until 1920 when a brick edifice that seated 260 was erected and dedicated in April of that year. Following a continuation of numerous evangelistic services the new structure soon became too small for the growing congregation and added hearers. Additional land was accordingly procured and the old building was partially torn down and a new edifice thereon built in 1924 at a cost of $45,000, which will seat 800 persons. This was dedicated on Oct. 9, 1824 by Dr. J. W. Godwin, of Pasadena, Cal., the church's general superintendent. He was assisted by the pastor, Rev. 0. L. Benedum. The basement has numerous class rooms for the Sunday School which has an enrollment of 450. The present membership of the church is 310. The trustees of the church in 1925 were: F. W. Polen, Thomas Durbin, Homer Rutledge, C. F. Brindley, William Foden, Edward Davis, Charles Davis, Clare Hulse and S. S. Bennett. The Free Methodist Church began holding meetings in Bradshaw Hall on Broadway in 1893. A second organization of the same denomination was organized on Oakland Avenue, East End, in 1899. The former organization was performed by Rev. M. L. Schooley, who at the instigation of the Rochester Conference that was held in New HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 285 Brighton, Pa., was sent to East Liverpool for this purpose by Presiding Elder, Rev. D. B. Toby. Starting out with 35 members meetings were held for a brief period in a store room on Sixth Street. In 1894 Miss Mary J. Elliot who later became Mrs. J. Leonard, of Mulberry Street, had charge of the Young Congregation. The following year Rev. J. S. Dempster assumed the work, but did not remain long and Miss Elliot divided her time between it and the church in Ohioville. The two following years Revs. F. W. Murray and S. O. Soyelvington were the pastors. In 1898-99 Miss Ceilia Crill was in charge and was followed by Revs. A. C. Andrew, 1900, and J. W. Howard for the next two years. Rev. R. A. Foust functioned for 1903-04 and Rev. W. G. Long in 1905-06-07. Then followed Revs. T. R. Wayne, J. M. McKum, Milton Parker, J. C. Rose, W. G. Long again and H. W. Armstrong. The present pastor, Rev. R. N. Large, succeeded Rev. A. L. Duncan in 1925 after the latters regime of three years. A frame edifice was erected on Avondale Street in 1900 at a cost of $2,500, which has given the congregation the name of The Avondale Free Methodist Church. A parsonage alongside of it was built in 1914 at a cost of $3,200. The present membership is about 50 with a Sunday School attendance of 100 persons. The Oakland Free Methodist Church on Holiday Street was formed from the activities of the Avondale Street Church. During the pastorate of Rev. J. W. Howard in 1903 the present East End Church, a frame structure, of the denomination was constructed at a cost of $3,000. In 1910-11 the parsonage near it was built at a cost of $2,200, Rev. Milton A. Parker being then the pastor. The congregation was for a time under the care of the Avondale Church when its pastors, Revs. J. W. Howard, A. F. Foust, William Long, Oliver Atkinson, ministered to its wants. Then followed as regular pastors, Revs. J. McCleary, Homer Bibble, R. N. Large, H. L. Speer, A. C. Pamer, J. 0. Archer and John C. Douglas. The present membership is 70 with a Sunday School enrollment of about 200. The Free Methodists of the Rochester district, Pittsburg Conference, of which the two East Liverpool churches are members, purchased a twelve-acre tract of land on the Anderson Boulevard between Beechwood and Dixonville as a permanent summer camp ground site. With a never- 286 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY failing spring, well laid grounds under giant oak trees and on a well paved roadway the spot is ideal for the purpose. The initial gathering thereon was in 1922. The annual affairs continue for ten days during which the members of the allied churches live in tents which are stored in a newly built warehouse on the property during the winter. Several cottages have also ben built on the plot, which with a dormitory and dining hall, constitute the present permanently constructed buildings. The Church of Christ was formed in Dry Run, near the Pennsylvania state line in 1905 when services were held at the various homes of the eight or ten members who composed it. Finally meetings were held above the old post office building at Washington and Third streets, which is now the Moose Home. After a three years' tenure the meetings were transferred to the rooms occupied by Frank Aley on Avondale Street. About five years later another removal was made to Pleasant Heights where the Mission Chapel there was utilized for two years. Then a return was made to the former quarters above the old post office from where eleven years ago a final move was made to the building now occupied at the top of the Sixth Street hill. The present structure has been remodeled from a two-story frame residence at a total cost of about $8,000. The church operates as a whole, there being no organizations of any sort within it and no musical instruments are used in the services. The church likewise has no pastors but functions through its individual members. Evangelists from time to time are procured to aid in the regular work of the church. The present elders are : Dr. Charles E. Plum, Frank Ward and William Gibbs. The deacons are : Henry Hopple, Mark McCullough and Joseph Barnhouse. The Church of God has a membership of about 30. The present occupied frame building was built in 1914 and dedicated on Easter Sunday of that year by the then pastor, Rev. Harry Rodgers. Following him was the Rev. J. W. Strotman and Mrs. Frankhouse. The present pastor is the Rev. William Stottor. In addition to the preaching services a Sunday School is held every Sunday. The Congregation Bnei Jacob following an interim of meetings in The Maccabees Hall on Washington Street erected a brick edifice in Third Street at a cost of $12,000 in 1915. It was dedicated in September of that year, Rabbi Abraham Simon being in charge of the services. But eight HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 287 persons were members at the outset of the denomination's activities. The congregation now numbers fifty. The structure has a good-sized auditorium and a substantial basement in which the Hebrew School is held. The first rabbi of the congregation was Nachman Jablonskey. He was followed by Abraham Simon. The congregation has since been presided over by Rabbi M. Fine, J. Horowitz and Jacob Kohen, who is now in charge of it. The Reformed B'Nai Israel Temple at West Fifth and Monroe streets was erected in 1921-22 at a cost of $55,000. The structure was dedicated on Sunday, May 14, of the latter year, when the dedicatory address was made by Rabbi I. E. Philo of Youngstown, Ohio. Other addresses were made by Rabbi David Alexander, of Akron, Ohio, and Attorney Peter Glick, of Pittsburg, Pa. The formal presentation of the temple key was made by Jacob Janowitz and a response was made by Gus Bendheim, president of the congregation. Special musical numbers were given by Misses Zella Moyer, Eva Wasbutsky, Mrs. F. H. Zepermen and Mrs. Julius Goetz. Following the dedicatory exercises a congregational dinner at which 150 sat down, was enjoyed in the basement of the church at which President Gus Bendheim presided. The church corner stone was laid on Tuesday, June 28, 1921, when Rabbis Philo and Alexander and Rev. Thomas J. Gaffney of St. Aloysius Church took part. The International Bible Students Society of East Liverpool was organized in 1897. Its initial active proponents were William Beardmore, A. J. Moon and C. Roberts. Meetings at the outset and for more than a decade were held in The Trades and Labor Council rooms at Washington and Fifth streets. For three years past services have been held in the former M. P. Church auditorium, which is now a part of The Ceramic Cafeteria Building on Fifth Street. There are at present about 43 members who each Sunday are addressed by outside ministers. The affairs of the Society are in the hands of the following Board of Elders: W. H. Moon, chairman ; Alex Lowe, Charles R. Staats and William Capp. The Society of Christian Scientists affected an organization in East Liverpool in 1921. Meetings are held on Sunday at the G. A. R. Hall, Fourth and Washington streets. There are about 18 members at the 288 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY present time. The readers are: Miss Anna Schultz, of Wellsville and Mrs. Treston, of East Liverpool. For several years up to 1878 the Mormon Church existed in East Liverpool. Meetings were held for this period in a room erected as a stable in the rear of a lot on Seventh Street. When the services were discontinued the elder maintained his residence in the city as he went about preaching in other places the doctrines of his denomination. Under the direction of the Rev. J. H. Mason the African Methodist Episcopal Church was organized in 1887. Meetings for about two years were held in the City Hall. Then a church, seating about 200 persons was built on Grant Street at a cost of about $1,500. About 1912-13 the present frame edifice on West Ninth Street was erected at a cost of between $3,000 and $4,000. Of the initial trustees only W. H. Prier is now living. The pastors of the church have been Revs. J. H. Mason, J. H. Mara, W. D. Mitchell, J. Lewis, W. T. Artsit, J. H. Mason, the second time, J. W. Wilkes, B. F. Carson, J. H. Mason, the third time, John Collins, D. W. Butler, H. H. Upthegrove, J. M. Tate, H. H. Farrell, M. Hogan, E. I. Forte, G. H. Cotton and H. E. Lewis, the present incumbent. The membership is now about 100 and the Sunday School attendance 150. For more than one year in the late seventies the Zion Methodist Colored Church with Rev. John Little in charge flourished in a church on West Sixth Street. It had a membership of about 25 persons. The membership finally merged with other congregations and the church building was removed to West Seventh Street and utilized as a residence. The Pennsylvania Avenue Baptist Church (colored) was organized by the Rev. Mr. Nelson about a quarter of a century ago with forty members. In 1906-07 the initial part of the present three-story edifice was built at a cost of $1,300. From time to time additions and repairs to it have made of it a building now valued at $10,000. The present membership is about 150 with a Sunday School enrollment of 100. A pipe organ, costing $3,000, was installed in 1923. The church was constructed under the pastorate of the Rev. John Jackson, who succeeded Rev. Mr. Nelson. Then followed as pastors, Rev. Mr. Garfield, Dr. I. R. Hall, who served for twelve years from 1909 to 1921; Rev. J. Dantley, Rev. George Christian and Rev. Francis M. Story, who retired in September of 1925. The church recently extended a call to Rev. Mr. Harrison of Virginia. HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 289 The present deacons are Jean Law, E. J. Adams, Samuel Van Meter, Charles Campbell, John Early and J. Johnson. The trustees are Ira Brown, George Jackson ; church treasurer, James Pratt, Edward Banks. The Triumph Church and Kingdom of God in Christ (colored) was formed in 1907 by Rev. J. Corsey and has about twenty members. Meetings are held in a hall on Erie Street. Revs. George and John Williams had in turn charge of the denomination which is at present looked after by a young man, Rev. Alvis Mays. The First Spiritualistic Church of East Liverpool, an auxilliary of the Ohio State Spiritual Association was organized on February 2, 1924. Meetings are held every Sunday evening in the Sixth Street Opera House Auditorium. The officers of the body are as follows: President, H. H. Barker ; secretary, Mrs. William Liske ; treasurer, Mrs. Harold Barker ; trustees, David Wucherer, Mrs. E. L. Rankins, Mrs. Mary Bergner, Mr. and Mrs. Garland Abshire, and Mr. and Mrs. William Liske. The Trentvale, now the M. P., Mission on Dresden Avenue in what is known as California Hollow, a frame structure that will seat about 150 persons, was built in 1909 at a cost of about $2,500. The foundation, costing $350, was donated by Mr. and Mrs. William Dean. It was maintained for years as a Union Sunday School by residents in close proximity to it. In 1920 it became the property of the First M. P. Church, which assumed its then indebtedness. Since it has been maintained as an adjunct of this church with Rev. John Dimit, the pastor, acting as the Sunday School Superintendent at each Sunday afternoon session. The attendance averages about 60 persons. The Gardendale Mission, beyond the Northside of the city, was formed by Rev. W. A. Armstrong, pastor of the Nazarene Church. It has since become inter-denominational and is supplied from time to time by the different ministers of the city. At the present time Rev. C. C. Bloor, of Newell, W. Va., is in charge of it. The membership is about 25 with a Sunday School of more than 50. At the outset the room used was a tool house for Liverpool Township contractors. It was purchased and remodeled by the congregation about ten years ago at a cost of $600. The president of the congregation is John McVay, the vice president, John Matton and the secretary and treasurer, George S. Reed. The trustees are: Mrs. Angie Ricard, Mrs. Upton Davis and Mrs. Morris. (19)V1 290 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY The Ross Meadows Mission was organized as an inter-denominational body in 1914. However, in 1921 it was taken over by the United Presbyterian Church. Ever since it has been allied with the Calcutta United Presbyterian Congregation. Rev. P. A. Brown, the pastor of the latter congregation, became the first pastor. He was succeeded in 1921 by Rev. G. R. Cheeks, who is now in charge of both churches. The present building of frame was originally constructed at a cost of $1,200. It has seating capacity for 100, which is its present membership, with 90 allied with the Sunday School. The church membership, however, have begun the erection of a new brick edifice a short distance from the present church, which, it is planned, will be completed by the fall of 1926. It will have a seating capacity of 250 and will be composed of a basement, balcony and four class rooms, one of the latter to be utilized as the minister's study. The entire cost of the new structure will be $18,000. The La Croft Union Mission, a brick structure with a seating capacity of 200, was erected in 1914 at a then cost of $1,400. It is inter-denominational. It is at present in charge of Rev. Floyd S. Cooley. Ministers from the different city churches have from time to time supplied it. It has a membership of 110 and a Sunday School of about 85. The Pleasant Heights Mission is now owned and operated by members of the First Baptist Church. The structure in which the meetings are held was built in 1904. Then it was planned to make of it an inter-denominational body. As a result the residents of the hilltop aided very materially in the construction of the edifice on Northside Avenue. Charles Menough, John Butler, W. VanFossan and others hauled the brick and stones to the site where the Rev. Crawford and others laid them in the walls. At the outset the initial services which prompted the erection of the edifice were held in a hall on Baxter Street. The Christian Union Band and other denominations held services in the new structure before the Baptists obtained possession in 1913. The purchase price was $2,400. The present membership at the afternoon services is about 143. For a brief time in 1924 a mission was held in the home of Robert Lewis on Pleasant Heights, under the auspices of the First Church of Christ. It was later discontinued, however. CHAPTER XIX. NOTABLE REVIVALS. BILLY SUNDAY'S GREAT REVIVAL OF 1812-PREPARATION ON COOPERATION-BOB JONES' REVIVAL EIGHT YEARS LATER- DR. W. E. BIEDERWOLF RELIGIOUS CAMPAIGN IN 1924-UNION REVIVAL IN 1907-EVANGELIST SMILEY HOLDS REVIVAL IN 1893-FRANCES MURPHY IN 1877-WOMEN'S CRUSADE IN 1878-MAJOR COLE IN 1891. East Liverpool Church history has been embellished by numerous outstanding revivals in addition to those held by its different congregations. As a result notable additions to the memberships have been marked. Transcending all of these was the six-weeks series of meetings from Sept. 15 to Nov., 1912 by the Rev. W. A. (Billy) Sunday, the former professional base ball player, then in the hey-day of his unprecedented evangelistic career. To accommodate the huge tabernacle erected for the revival the old Croxall Pottery at Second and Washington streets was torn down. It seated and held between 9,000 and 10,000 persons. Thousands attended the services. Particularly on Sundays were people turned away. Preceding the revival 133 prayer services in homes in East Liverpool, Wellsville, Newell and Chester, W. Va., were held and attended by 10,000 of the men and women in which fully 7,000 supplications were made. The smallest of these had but two persons in attendance but these carried on as did those that were largely attended. Assisting Mr. Sunday was his famed wife, "Ma" Sunday ; Rev. L. K. Peacock, his assistant, manager and shop worker ; Homer Rodeheaver, choral director and trombone soloist; Miss Grace Saxe, notable bible teacher ; Miss Francis Miller, who directed women's activities; Miss Anna - 291 - 292 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Maclaran, soloist ; B. D. Ackley, pianist, secretary and hymn writer, and the aged Major James H. Cole, who previously himself had held an outstanding series of evangelistic meetings in East Liverpool.   The choir, composed of more than 500 voices, was a signal contribution to the religious awakening of the community that followed. Business was all but suspended. No services in the co-operating churches of the four towns were held during the progress of the revival. Two services, except on Monday, were held daily and three in the tabernacle on Sundays. These were supplemented by others of a preliminary nature elsewhere and in the various potteries and factories of the four towns. Parades, headed by bands, were nightly features. The city was traversed by a huge Sunday School demonstration on one of the participating days.   To enable the adults to attend the tabernacle services in peace all babies and children were kept in a nursery maintained at the First Presbyterian Church, which was in charge of a committee headed by Mrs. William G. Miller, of the First Methodist Episcopal Church. In all 2,955 babies were thus cared for during the revival, 384 of these being registered on the final Sunday of the campaign.   The revival resulted in a total of 6,334 conversions. Of these 1,134 "hit the trail" on the last Sunday of the meeting as follows: morning, 118 ; afternoon, men 118, women 31; evening 671. On that day also the entire contribution totaled $12,654.84, all of which was given Mr. Sunday. Of this sum $6,432.73 was collected at the morning service, $2,262.32 at the men's meeting in the afternoon, $246.54 at the women's service at the same time and $1,780.78 at night. To this was added a special sum of $60.97 given First M. E. Church of Chester, W. Va., and the M. P. Church. Before his departure the following morning additional amounts from private sources were mailed the evangelist. He spent the following week touring West Virginia in the interest of the dry campaign in it then pending. His work practically cinched the defeat of the wets and paved the way for similar action later by other northern states.   So tremendous was the interest and effect of the campaign that the then Morning Tribune of East Liverpool printed 750 extra papers of its already greatly extended and increased circulation which proved too small for the demand that 1,000 more copies were struck off. As a result of the reading of the campaign accounts conversions were reported in places elsewhere in adjoining states. On Monday following the close of the   HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 293   campaign Rev. L. K. Peacock, speaking at the Homer Laughlin Pottery in Newell, W. Va., registered 53 more conversions. On Saturday preceding the revival's close, police officers on orders from Mayor R. J. Marshall, rounded in fifteen men for a meeting at city hall and eight of these started changed lives.   Eight years later East Liverpool churches, the majority of them, again combined and held a five-weeks' meeting on the city lot on Sixth Street, which was formerly the site of the home of Col. John N. Taylor. On it a tabernacle was built which accommodated between 5,000 and 6,000 persons. The evangelist on this occasion was Bob Jones, of Montgomery, Ala. He was virtually a young man in his late thirties who had been preaching since he was a boy and who had done notable work in the south. His party consisted of Mr. and Mrs. Loren Jones, the former directing the choir of several hundred voices and acting as soloist and the latter being the pianist and director of the work among the women ; Don Hindeman, shop worker ; Don Cochran, builder of the tabernacle, soloist and manager of the campaign ; Mrs. Don Cochran, soloist and aid to Mrs. Jones.   The revival began on Sunday, September 7, and continued to Sunday, October 10. Contrary to the Billy Sunday meeting no record was made of the number of converts who, during it, made a move to accept the tenets of Christianity. The committee in charge of the campaign was headed by Dr. Donald W. McLeod, pastor of the First Presbyterian Church. The contributions of the final day of the series of meetings were given to Mr. Jones for his services.   Until the expenses of the movement, including the cost of the tabernacle, were procured daily collections were taken.   Four years after the Bob Jones meeting Dr. W. E. Biederwolf, of Monticello, Ind., was procured by East Liverpool churchmen for a six weeks' religious campaign. A tabernacle of almost the same size was erected on the same lot on which the Billy Sunday meeting had been held in 1912 at Second and Washington streets. The meetings were begun on Oct. 16 and continued until Dec. 1.   The tabernacle was erected by James Heaton, program director of the Winona Lake Assembly, Winona Lake, Ind. He remained during the campaign as party manager and soloist. The director of music as dispensed by the 500-voice choir was William McEwan, who had for sev-   294 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY   eral years previously been the singing leader for the famed Gipsy Smith. Mr. McEwan abbreviated a stay in Scotland to come to the East Liverpool Revival. The women's work was in charge of Miss Wilma Davis, of St. Augustine, Fla., while the shop activities were directed by Rev. Fred E. Bennett, of Chicago and editor of The Home, a magazine published in the interest of The Family Altar League of America. Miss Edwina Wilson, a young East Liverpool High School girl, was the chief pianist during the entire campaign with Miss Davis presiding at the second piano during the evening services. The choir was further augmented by a several piece orchestra.   On the final Sunday of the revival a contribution of $5,035.77 was raised at the three services and given to Dr. Biederwolf. The total expense of the campaign had been raised during the earlier collections. These included generous donations to the City Hospital and the Salvation Army. In addition the sum of $1,200 was given Dr. Biederwolf for the relief of lepers in Korea.   In all there were 1,378 conversions during the meeting. Of these 868 were noted as reconsecrants, 77 as church members who decided to transfer their allegiances to East Liverpool churches, and 433 new converts. A feature of this revival was the presence on the final Saturday night of the campaign of hundreds of members of the Knights of The Ku Klux Klan, robed and hooded in the manner of their open air assemblages. Many of them, their identity unknown, trod the sawdust aisles in token of their purpose to rededicate their lives. The revival was held under the auspices of the East Liverpool Evangelistic Association, of which Dr. F. A. Dean, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church, was president; Daniel Ogilvie, vice president; T. T. Jones, secretary and Robert Bruce Curby, treasurer.   For six weeks in the fall of 1923 John Sproul, a veteran of the World War, who recovered from a physical condition brought on by wounds and gas when his life had been despaired of, following a visit to a healing evangelist in the Smoky City through whom he embraced Christianity, held a series of meetings in and about East Liverpool, during which several hundred persons professed aid and cures from their afflictions.   From Oct. 1 to 21 he with Rev. J. Lysle Shaw of Toronto, Ohio, and C. C. Rumberger, a singer of Georgetown, Ill., attracted throngs to a tent which was pitched at Glenmoor on the Lincoln Highway three miles   HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 295   north of town. On Saturday, Oct. 27 he began a similar meeting in the East Liverpool High School Auditorium with C. C. Conley, of Akron, succeeding Mr. Rumberger as director of music. More than 100 persons, many from other points, declared physical and spiritual benefits. Crowds nightly attended these services.   During January, February and March of 1925 George M. Formsby, of Grand Crossing, Fla., held intermittent meetings which were begun in the Ceramic Cafeteria rooms and transferred in turn for periods to the First Presbyterian Church, the still standing W. E. Biederwolf Tabernacle and the then First Nazarene quarters in a store room on Fifth Street. Many outstanding cures were noted with numerous minor benefits.   For five weeks beginning on April 1, 1907 and ending on May 6, 1907 was held the first union revival in an erected tabernacle in East Liverpool. The site chosen was City Park, formerly a section of an old cemetery at the foot of Fifth and Sixth streets and overlooking the Ohio River. It was built in 20 working hours by a force of churchmen for the most part directed by George W. Lewis, of Lodi, Ohio, who remained during the campaign to assist the evangelists who conducted it : Dr. M. B. Williams and his son-in-law, Rev. French E. Oliver, a physical giant, six feet and four inches in height, both of Chicago, Ill.   Dr. Williams had been a Y. M. C. A. secretary before entering the ministry and later had traveled extensively about the world. He was unable to attend the opening meeting and for several thereafter due to the fact that he had been injured considerably when thrown from a riding horse just on the eve of his East Liverpool engagement.   The singing was in charge of Prof. Loya Sutherland, who pleased greatly with his direction of the 250-voice choir and his numerous solo contributions.   The tabernacle seated 4,000 persons and was during the greater part of the meetings taxed to capacity.   In all there were 844 conversions which included 173 men, 277 women, 120 boys and 274 girls.   At the close of the series of services Dr. Williams returned to Chicago and Rev. Mr. Oliver and Prof. Sutherland continued for a time their work in Chester, W. Va.   296 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY   For fifteen days from Jan. 11 to Jan. 26, 1893 a notable revival was held in the Fifth Street Rinks in which the majority of East Liverpool churches participated. The evangelist was F. E. Smiley and the musical director, Charles Alexander, who directed the choir in The Moody Bible Institute, Chicago. This engagement was Mr. Alexander's first apart from his school work at which he later made an international reputation. As a result over 300 persons signed cards indicating their purpose to ally themselves with a church. More than 2,500 attended the final meeting. It was necessary to continue the services another week under the directions of local ministers after Messrs. Smiley and Alexander had gone to their next engagement at Milbrook, N. Y.   At the Fifth Street Rink in 1896 the evangelist, Rev. Ferdinand Schwera held a revival that had outstanding effects.   For three months in the fall and winter of 1877 Frances Murphy, the famed reformed saloon keeper, held services in the First M. E. Church in East Liverpool which created and developed a marked temperance atmosphere in and about its immediate vicinity. More than 2,000 persons signed the pledge. Many of his hearers took to the platform themselves in spreading to other nearby communities the virtues of the departure as indicated by this New England reformer.   In 1878 The Women's Crusade created even greater interest in the city and was featured by bodies of women following the precedent of the organization in other Ohio cities, praying on the streets before saloons for their closing. In few instances this effect was obtained, but the intermittent activities in this direction during a portion of that year went far in bulwarking that created previously by Mr. Murphy.   An outstanding union revival in East Liverpool was that conducted by Major James H. Cole of Adrian, Mich., in the Fifth Street Rink from Jan. 11, to Feb. 8, 1891. Added seats placed in the auditorium admitted of the seating of 1,500 persons in it. It was crowded nightly and the entire community felt the impress of the developed moral tone that resulted. A. W. Scott was the secretary of the campaign committee and Robert Burford the treasurer.   The conversions of the meeting totaled 1,000. Of these 600 joined local churches at once. The receipts of the campaign in the collections taken were $1,104.56. Of this amount $340 was paid for the rental of   HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 297   the building and there were other expenses of heat and light. What was remaining was given to the evangelist.   As a result of these meetings bands of women as they had done during the Murphy meetings of a few previous years took to praying on the streets in front of saloons and occasionally inside of them. Some devotees of them were thus moved to abandon their habits. For a great while after this revival the spiritual standards of the local churches were greatly raised. Among the converts of this revival were men who during succeeding decades were among the leading members of East Liverpool churches. The musical director of the revival and Major Cole's assistant was the Rev. Frank Jewell.   CHAPTER XX.   SPORTS AND RECREATIONS.   A SPORT LOVING PEOPLE—FISHING, GIGGING AND HUNTING—EARLY AMATEUR BASEBALL—PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL—THE INDUSTRIAL LEAGUES—IN THE MAJOR LEAGUES—WEST END PARK, PATTERSON FIELD—ASSOCIATION FOOT - BALL—WORLD'S GREATEST BASKETBALL TEAM— POTTERS CRICKET—IN SQUARE ARENA AND ON MAT—BALL AND M A LLET—TURNERS -POTTERS' SPORT OF K INGS—M'KINLEY AT RACE—TENNIS—HIGH SCHOOL MEETS—ROLLER SKATING—PRINCESS JUDGES DOGS—BOWlING—CHICKEN FIGHTING—GOLF CHAMPION—MARATHON—COUNTRY CLUB—POULTRY SHOW.   Outstanding as a chief characteristic of East Liverpool from its origin as a community and its evolution to town and city has been and is the tendency of its inhabitants to all activities in the known sport world. With every line of physical endeavor in which art, dexterity, speed, slight, endurance, development and capability commingle there has been ever a quick and sustained appeal which, reacting on the mental processes of its from time-to-time residents, has deepened generally their intellectual and spiritual acquirements making of them as a result a people given more than ordinarily to the recognized forces of law and order—the basic and fundamental desideratum towards the super-civilization in the offing of the future.   That "all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy" has accordingly been a seemingly intuitive principal in the native and added members of the city's population. In easy fashion therefore has the great national game of baseball been assimilated ; the sport of kings on local turfs acclaimed ; the marathons of ancient Greece enjoyed ; the fistic encounters of British pugdom emulated ; the "pantheonic" wrestling matches of centuries back copied ; the entrancing "surfing" of Australian and Hawaiian   - 298 -   HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 299   waters attempted and the "Nimrodian" tendencies of antiquity followed. In a word what the human unit elsewhere, seeking relaxation, has done East Liverpool folk to a more or less extent have duplicated and frequently exceeded.   Bare knuckle fighting was perhaps the first order of sport in the hamlet of Fawcettstown. On occasions residents were edified or repelled by physical combats that maimed and disfigured the principals. It was the method of settlement when differences arose. Then followed contests in this manner. Until a comparative recent day the London prize rules obtained in boxing and prize fighting.   Wrestling, swimming, foot races, hunting, fishing. horseshoes, cricket and the preliminary form of base ball filled the gala days and non-working recreation hours. Thus the sporting instinct grew. Its tendencies took form so that East Liverpool, once a city, vied with metropolitan centers in the breadth and scope of its amateur and professional departures in the world of sport.   No better instance of its dimensions along these lines can be indicated than the situation which obtained in 1906 when the municipality in the fall of that year boasted membership in the Pennsylvania, Ohio and Maryland baseball league, the Central basket ball league, the Inter-State Polo league and the Western Pennsylvania and Eastern Ohio Association football league. At that time Pittsburg had a place in but two professional organizations—a baseball club in the National league and a floor team in the Central Basket ball league and Cleveland an equal showing with an American league baseball team and a place in the Inter-State Polo league. The progress of sport in East Liverpool has thus been hand in hand with its industrial and civic development.   Swimming has always been a consistent pastime of old and young East Liverpool residents. With the Ohio river winding itself about the city surcease from summer heat and lassitude has ever been found in bodily dippings beneath its placid, though sometimes, muddy water. Every rock athwart an inviting pool is and has been known to a majority of its inhabitants throughout the more than century of its existence. To augment bathing facilities in later years beaches for this purpose have been arranged at intervals from the east to the west end of the city.   Perhaps the largest area devoted to this departure was what was known as the Jefferson Street Beach which was actively maintained for