(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 195 CHAPTER XIV. THE COUNTY IN FOUR WARS. The Organizations Which Marched front Old Columbiana in 1812, 1846, 1861 and 1898— The Morgan Raid Through Three Loyal States—The Final Capture of the Raiders in Columbiana County—An Eye-Witness Tells the Story of the Surrender of the Desperate Rebel Band, In the four wars in which the country engaged in the 19th century Columbiana County had an active part, In all of these wars the State furnished more than its full quota of leaders, as well as of "the men behind the guns," Among the leaders, particularly in the Civil War, Columbiana County men were conspicuous; and in the ranks none can truly say that the men did not do their whole duty, A higher encomium could not be paid them, The militia of Columbiana County was mobilized in 1806, It was denominated the "First Regiment, Second Brigade, Fourth Division, Ohio Militia." The roster contained 828 names, and was supposed to compose all the males in the county over 18 years of age who were subject to military duty in i806, In the spring of that year the first muster of the first battalion occurred under Maj, Lewis Kinney, It was held on the farm of Jonah Robinson, situated on the Georgetown road, on the west side of the west fork of Beaver Creek. Here the militia musters were held for many years, The first muster of the second battalion under Maj, Taggart, took place on the farm Matthias Lower in Fairfield township, Speaking of the early operations of the militia of Columbiana County, H, H, Gregg, of New Lisbon, wrote in 1873 : "As early as March 28, 1809, a call was made by the Governor of Ohio, through Major General Wadsworth, upon Brigadier General Beall to take effectual measures to arm and equip, according to law, 144 of the militia of his brigade, and hold it in readiness to march, at a minute's warning, to meet some great national emergency. This emergency having passed, an order was issued by Major General Wadsworth, dated Canfield, June 8, 1809, in which the troops were discharged with the thanks of the President of the United States to those volunteers whose patriotism induced them to volunteer their services in the defense of the liberties of their country,' And Major General Wadsworth cordially congratulated the detachment on the 'happy change in our foreign relations which has made their services unnecessary,' " What was the great national emergency at the time is not made clear, For this service 55 men were drafted out of the Columbiana County contingency, and formed into a battalion under command of Majors Keith and Musser. Mr. Gregg, already quoted, gives further account of the early military movements in the county as follows: "Of the War of 1812, Mr, Blocksom gave me some reminiscences which I will here relate, On the 18th of June war was declared, and soon afterwards Capt, Thomas Rowland raised a company of volunteers and marched to join General Hull at De- 196 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY troit, encamping the first night at the barn of the old Stuck farm, a mile west of New Lisbon, then owned by General Beall, When thiS company arrived at the river Raisin, 30 miles from Detroit, intelligence reached them of Hull's surrender, and soon a demand was made by the British f0r the surrender of Captain Rowland and his company, To this they refused to accede, retreated and returned home, Major General Wadsworth, residing in Canfield, received information of Hull's surrender, sent an express to Brigadier General Beall, which arrived at New Lisbon about midnight of Sunday, the 23rd of August, 1812, (General Hull surrendered August 16, 1812,) On receiving the information, General Beall aroused the male inhabitants of the town, anti a meeting was held at a hotel kept where C. L. Frost now. resides and keeps his grocery, Runners were appointed to arouse the militia of the county, and to notify the various captains of militia companies and their command, to meet in New Lisbon about Tuesday or Wednesday after, The county was thoroughly aroused and a large attendance of the militia took place, filling the town with a great number of people, and during the time, of course, great excitement prevailed, the greatest gathering being in and around the stone house on Washington street, then kept as a hotel, the depot of arms being in a log building which sto0d on the west side of the same lot, and but a few feet from the stone house, Mr, Bl0cksom was appointed, and immediately started as an express , to Beavertown, On his arrival, however, he found the news of Hull's surrender had already reached there, and they were holding a meeting to take active measures to arouse the people of Beaver County, By Friday the militia were ready to march, and left New Lisbon, one company of volunteers commanded by Capt. William Foulks, and a company of cavalry commanded by Capt, Daniel Harbaugh, While the, excitement was at a fever heat, a horseman suddenly appeared from the direction of Hanover and announced the Indians coming, slaying and scalping in their course, The alarm became so great that a number of families hastened away with their effects, most of whom passed down the west fork of Little Beaver and crossed the Ohio into Pennsylvania, The rider proved a false messenger, there being no occasion for the alarm, Five or six companies of volunteers and enlisted men and three or four companies of drafted militia were furnished by the county for the defense of the frontier. Besides those already mentioned were companies of volunteers, commanded by Captains John Ramsey and Israel Warner, and companies of drafted men commanded by Captains Jacob Gilbert, Joseph Zimmerman, William Blackburn and Martin Sitter, the regimental officers being Colonel Hindman and Majors Peter Musser and Jacob Frederick," The following list of Capt. Daniel Harbaugh's company of cavalry, or light dragoons, as they were then called, is copied from the muster-roll of September, 1812: Captain, Daniel Harbaugh ; 1st lieutenant, David Scott ; 211d lieutenant, George Clarke ; coronet, Michael Wirtz ; 1st sergeant, James Watson ; 2nd sergeant, Jonathan Whitacre; 3rd sergeant. Mordecai Moore: 4th sergeant, Henry Hephner ; farrier, John Kountz ; trumpeter, Daniel Lindesmith; privates—Abner Allison, Samuel Blackburn, Andrew Forbes, Henry Aten, John Fife, David Fife, John Goble, Morris E. Morris, Philip Meis, William Moore, Thomas. Moore, John McKinsey, Elemuel Swearingen, Benoni Swearingen, George Wilson, Andrew Willibury, Matthew Adams, Fisher A. Blockson, Holland Green, John McMillen, Edmund Keyes, Nicholas Sampson, Thomas C, King, James Brady, Michael Croper, Martin Bridenstein, William Davis, John Hollinger, John McKaig, Joseph Woods, Samuel Swearingen. John Rogers, Alexander Rogers, Samuel Hunt, John Fults, John Marchmant, Martin Armstrong John Poe. Nathan Davis (Captain's boy ), Benjamin Paul, Frederick Zepernick, Philip Hountz and Andrew Cruthers, Yellow Creek township furnished a number of men, and there were scattering recruits from other townships in the county who served in the War of 1812. and also in the Mexican War : but as the county was not represented further in organized form in those wars, no record of their service is obtainable. As early as 1844, Wellsville had a militia AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 197 company, of which the town was for many years justly proud, It was known as the "Wellsville Light Artillery" and was commanded by Capt. Henry Cope, The command numbered 51 men, carried a 12-pound Napoleon gun, and paraded in a showy uniform, consisting of red coats, white trousers and stiff hat with a brilliant plume. They are said to have made a very imposing appearance when out on parade, and during the company's eight years existence, from 1844 to 1852, their red coats and white trousers dazzled the public at general musters. Fourth of July celebrations, parades and on other occasions, It was while in camp at New Lisbon that the company received orders to prepare to take the field for active service in the war with Mexico. Arrangements were at once set afoot for the departure of the company for the seat of war: but just then peace was declared, and the members of the company lost their opportunity to distinguish themselves upon the tented field. Before the day of artillery and contemporaneous with it, Judge J. A. Riddle commanded a cavalry company attached to the State militia, with headquarters at Wellsville, In 1858 Capt, Henry Cope organized the "Wellsville Guards" with A. H. Battin as 1st lieutenant : James T, Smith, 2nd lieutenant, and J, H, Hunter, 3rd lieutenant. Upon the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion in 1861, the entire command, with one exception enlisted in the service, and went out under the three months call as a part of Company K, Third Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, IN THE CIVIL WAR It was in the War of the Rebellion—or the "Civil War," as it has come to be more commonly designated—that the patriotic men of Columbiana County more particularly distinguished themselves. The Third Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf,, w:s raised principally in the central part of the State. Company K, however, was chiefly from Wellsville, East Liverpool and Salineville, Columbiana County. The regiment was mustered in for three months, at Camp Jackson, April 27, 1861, and before its term expired had re-enlisted almost to a man for three years, being mustered in for the second term June 20, 1861, June 21, 1861, it was ordered to Grafton, West Virginia, and reported there to, Major General McClellan. It was brigaded with the Fourth and Ninth Ohio and Loomis' Michigan Battery, under Brigadier General Schleich, Its first engagement with the enemy was at Middle Creek Fork, ( West) Virginia, July 6, 1861, and afterward the regiment participated in the battles of Rich Mountain. \West) Virginia, Blackwater, Bridgeport, Perryville, Stone River, Sand Mountain, Black Warrior Creek and Blount's Farm, On the morning of May 3, 1863, at Cedar Bluffs, 22 miles from Rome, Georgia, General Forrest with his Rebel cavalry captured the brigade, which included the Third Ohio, The regiment proceeded to Atlanta, and thence via Knoxville to Richmond, where it was quartered in the open air on Belle Isle until the 15th day of May, when the men were paroled and the officers sent to Libby Prison. The regiment was soon exchanged, and subsequently one battalion of the regiment took part in the pursuit of John Morgan anal his Rebel raiders, After performing duty in various capacities, it received orders from Chattanooga, Tennessee, June 9, 1864, to report at Camp Dennison, Ohio, where, its term, of service having expired, it was mustered out June 21, 1864, Company K, numbering t0o men, was composed chiefly, as has been said. of men from Wellsville, East Liverpool and Salineville, Columbiana County, to which 16 recruits from the same county were afterward added, 13 of whom were transferred to the 24th Ohio. The 1st lieutenant, Calvin E. Starr, from New Lisbon, was killed at the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, Company C, tall Regiment, Ohio, Vol, Inf., contained on its rolls 78 men from Salem, Columbiana County, and vicinity, It was mustered into the service in June, 1861, for three years, On July 7th it was ordered to the Kanawha Valley, (West) Virginia, Arrived. at Point Pleasant, July 11th, it became a part of Gen, J. D, Cox's command, It spent the fall, 198 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY and early winter in the vicinity of Gauley Bridge in raiding and scouting, participating in the engagements at Cotton Hill and Sewell Mountain, Late in July, 1862, Company C was ordered to Summerville, to reinforce a detachment of the Ninth Virginia, and remained there until August 18th, when the 11th was ordered to Washington, D. C,, and on the 27th to Manassas Junction, In the retreat to Fairfax Court House, the regiment acted as rear guard, distinguishing itself for "cool and determined bravery," The regiment afterwards took part in the battles of Frederick, South Mountain, Antietam, Hoover's Gap, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca and several minor engagements, and on June 10, 1864, proceeded to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where it was mustered out June 21, 1864, its term of service having expired, Later the veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion, which was retained in the service until June 11, 1865, when, the war having closed, it was mustered out. The 19th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf., was made up of recruits from no less than seven counties in the State, fully one-third of the regiment, however, being included in Companies B, D, E, H and I, These companies were recruited chiefly from Center, Perry, Fairfield, Washington, Hanover, Middleton and Unity townships, Columbiana County. The regiment was mustered in May, 186 r, into the three months service and reorganized in September of the same year as a three years regiment. November Kith it moved to Cincinnati, and thence by steamer to Camp Jenkins, near Louisville, Kentucky. and thence, December 6th, to Lebanon. From Lebanon it marched 20 miles to Columbia. On this march a teamster, Jacob Clunk, was run over by his team and instantly killed—the first death in the regiment, The regiment, reaching Columbia September l0th, was brigaded with the 50th Ohio, Second and Ninth Kentucky In and Haggard's regiment of cavalry, constituting the 11th Brigade, Gen, T. T. Boyle commanding. While at Columbia the regiment received a beautiful silk flag as a present from the ladies of Canton, The regiment participated in the battle of Pittsburg Landing where Major Edwards was shot dead from his horse, and Privates O. T. Powell and Horace H, Bailey, of Company C, and Corporal W. E. Gibson, of Company H, were killed, and Lieutenant William A. Sutherland, of Company H, was severely wounded, The regiment subsequently participated in the movement against Corinth. The regiment reached Perryville just after the battle at that place, but joined in the pursuit of the enemy, with whom it had a running skirmish, and captured a gun with its accoutrements, Subsequently the regiment did provost duty at Gallatin for two weeks, and then joining its division passed through Nashville, and went into camp on the Murfreesboro turnpike: On December 26th, under Maj, Charles F, Manderson, the regiment marched with the army, in its advance on Murfreesboro. At that place, under the personal lead of General Rosecrans, Beatty's brigade charged the enemy, drove him about three-fourths of a mile and held the position until relieved by Col. M. B. Walker's brigade. On January 2nd, the regiment crossed Stone River with the 14th and 23rd brigades, and received the charge of the Rebels under Breckenridge, It was forced to retreat but re-crossed and participated in the battle of Stone River proper, The regiment entered the battle with 440 men, and lost in killed, wounded and missing, 213, nearly one-half of its numbers, It narticipated in the battles of the 18th and 20th of September, at Chickamauga. and suffered a Ioss, in killed, wounded and missing, of 100 men. The 19th remained in Chattanooga during the siege, part in the charge in Orchard Knob, November 23rd, and lost about 20 men killed and wounded. On the 24th it participate, in the charge against the Rebel works on Mission Ridge, and, seizing the inspiration, climbed without orders the precipitous side of the mountain and aided in driving, the Rebels from their works, losing one killed and 13 wounded. The regiment returned to Chattanooga joined in the march to Knoxville, thence to Strawberry Plains and Flat Creek, where, on January 1864, 400 of the 19th re-enlisted as vet- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 199 erans. The regiment then returned to Ohio, reaching Cleveland February 16th. The 19th Regiment, Veteran Volunteers, went again to the front, reaching Knoxville March 24th, The regiment afterwards participated in the Atlanta campaign, losing, in killed, two commissioned officers and 28 men ; wounded, six commissioned officers and 96 men ; missing, 13 men, The regiment marched under General Thomas to participate in the battles against Hood; was in the reserve at Franklin, and the night after reached Nashville and participated in the battle of Nashville, following Hood's defeated army as far as the Tennessee. During the month of February, 1865, the 19th was at Huntsville, Alabama, and then moved into Eastern Tennessee as far as the Virginia line, returning to Nashville April 25th, The 19th was mustered out of service at San Antonio, Texas, October 2 r , 1865, reached Columbus, Ohio, November 22nd, and was paid off and discharged at Camp Chase November 25th. Company C, 24th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf,, had in its ranks 37 men from Fairfield, Middleton, Center, Elkrun and Unity townships, Columbiana County. It was organized at Camp Chase, near Columbus, Ohio, in June, 1861, and was composed of 10 companies. Company C being made up of men from Columbiana and Sandusky Counties. The regiment proceeded to Cheat Mountain, (West) Virginia, where it arrived August 14th, and there joined the 14th Indiana. The enemy, who were in large force 15 miles distant, on the 12th of September made a spirited attack, but after three hours' fighting were defeated and tied, October 3, 1861, in an action at Greenbrier, ( est) Virginia, the 24th stood firm under a heavy fire of grape and shell, sustaining a loss of two killed and three wounded. November 18th the regiment marched iron Cheat Mountain, arriving at Louisville on the 28th, where it was assigned to the 10th Brigade, Fourth Division, Army of the Ohio, The regiment participated in the battle of the Pittsburg Landing on the 6th and 7th, where it distinguished itself. It subsequently took part in the fighting between the battles of Pittsburg Landing and Corinth, and was among first regiments to enter the latter place, later joining in the pursuit of the enemy in Northern Mississippi and Northern Alabama, encamping in July at McMinnville, Tennessee, It left that place September 3rd and returned to Louisville, with Buell's army during General Bragg's invasion. In October, 1862, it was assigned to the Fourth Division, 21st Army Corps. After the battle of Perryville, the 24th, after aiding in the pursuit of the enemy into the mountains, marched to Nashville, In December, 1862, although reduced to 13 officers and 340 men, it took part in the battle of Stone River, Here four commissioned officers were killed and four wounded, and 10 privates killed and 69 wounded—10 mortally, The regiment was in the engagement at Woodbury, Tennessee, January 24, 1863, and later that year moved with the army against Tullahoma, It subsequently participated in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge, After the fight at Taylor's Ridge, near Ringgold, the regiment was assigned to the Second Division, Fourth Army Corps, and was in the engagement near Dalton, where it lost in killed two, and wounded, eight, The regiment was mustered out at Columbus, Ohio, June 24, 1864, The 65th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf., was recruited from the State of Ohio at large, and was mustered in for three years in December, 1861, It was engaged in 18 battles in Tennessee and Georgia, It was mustered out November 30, 1865, Columbiana County had 37 men in this regiment. The 67th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf., was formed by the consolidation of the 45th and 67th, from October, 1861, to January, 1862, It was mustered in for three years, The regiment left Columbus for the field January 19, 1862, ; going into Western Virginia under General Landon. During the early months of 1862 the regiment saw arduous service in Virginia, On the 29th of June it reinforced General McClellan on the James, At Harrison's Landing it campaigned with the Army of the Potomac until the evacuation of the Peninsula, when it went to Suffolk, Virginia, with only 300 men for duty out of the 850, which composed the 200 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY regiment at its organization. It was transferred to North Carolina, then to Hilton Head, shared in the Charleston expedition, took part in the attack on Fort Wagner, and afterward participated in an expedition into Florida. The regiment re-enlisted and returned to Ohio in February, 1864, on furlough, Returning to the field it reached Bermuda Hundred, under General Butler, on May 6, 1864, From that date until the mustering out of the regiment, the 67th participated in many engagements, 18 in Virginia and South Carolina being its record from beginning to end of its service. On the 1st of September, 1865, the 62nd Ohio was consolidated with the 67th, the latter regiment retaining its organization, The regiment was mustered out December 12, 1863, having been in the service a total of four years lacking six days. Twelve men from Salem were members of the 67th Regiment. The 76th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf., was organized at Camp Sherman, Ohio, February 3, 1862, for three years, It proceeded via Paducah, Kentucky, to Fort Donelson, and was in the engagement at that place, March 6th it moved to the Tennessee River, thence up the river to Crump's Landing, and on the 31st proceeded to Adamsville and took position in General Lew Wallace's division in the right wing of the army of General Grant. It made with the division a forced march to Pittsburg Landing April 6th and in the ensuing battle was continually under fire, It participated in a successful charge against the Rebels near Corinth in the latter part of April, and afterward was a part of the reserve in the advance on that place: and after its evacuation moved to Memphis, arriving there June 17th, On the 24th of July the regiment marched to near Helena, Arkansas, where it went into camp, Upon the reorganization of the Army of the Southwest the 76th was assigned to the Second Brigade, Third Division, commanded by General P, J, Osterhaus, It was a part of the expedition to Milliken's Bend, which captured the camp and garrison equipage of the 31st Louisiana, A detachment, comprising a part of the 76th, afterward proceeded up the Yazoo, surprised Haines' Bluff and captured four siege guns, two field-pieces and a large quantity of fixed ammunition. The regiment returned to Helena, spent one week in October in St, Genevieve, Missouri, and then moved to Pilot Knob, remaining there for rest and reorganization until November 12th, when it returned to St, Genevieve and embarked for Camp Steele, Mississippi. January 10, 1863. The regiment with the division of General Steele, landed at Arkansas Post and the same night marched six miles through mud and water and by two o'clock the next morning the troops occupied a position in front of the enemy, Shortly after daylight they moved upon the enemy's works, and about one o clock the 76th charged within 100 yards of the rifle-pits, halted, opened fire and held the position for three hours, when the enemy surrendered, The regiment participated in the rout of the Rebels under Colonel Ferguson at Deer Creek, April 7th. Afterward, with the 5th Army Corps, it moved to Young's Point, Milliken's Bend and Hard Times Landing, reaching Grand Gulf May 6th, It was in the engagement at Fourteen-Mile Creek, and at Jackson charged the works on the enemy's left, which were soon afterward evacuated, The regiment with the 15th Army Corps marched for Vicksburg on May 16th and on the 18th took position b00 yards from the main lines of the enemy, The batteries of the enemy in front of the 76th were silenced, and none of its guns could be manned except those of the water batteries. After the surrender of Vicksburg, the regiment marched in pursuit of Johnston, arriving at Jackson July 10th, and later in the month went into camp at Big Black Ridge. During October and November the regiment operated in Northern Alabama and Tennessee: joined General Hooker in the assault on Lookout Mountain, was engaged at Mission Ridge, and on November 27th charged on Taylor's Ridge where it suffered severely. In- one company of 28 men, eight were killed and eight wounded, and seven men were shot down while carrying the regimental colors, January 1, 1864, the 76th went into winter quarters,at Paint Rock, Alabama. Before spring arrived the regiment was furloughed home, two-thirds having re- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 201 enlisted as veterans, The regiment was originally 962 strong, and had been reduced 1 less than 300. Returning to the camp at Paint Rock, the regiment proceeded to Chattanooga May 6th, moved through Snake Creek Gap the 9th, the evening of the 14th charged a enemy near Resaca, and participated in the repulse of Hardee's corps on the 28th. In June the regiment moved to New Hope Church thence to Acworth and Kenesaw Mountain, Rossville and Decatur, arriving within four miles of Atlanta July 20th. Thereafter it was in constant action through Georgia and th Carolinas, reaching Wasindington May 23, 186: where it shared in the Grand Review, then proceeded to Louisville, Kentucky, where it was mustered out, thence to Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged July 24, 1865. This regiment participated in 24 battles : moved 9,625 miles m foot, by rail and by water : and passel through the rebellious States of Kentucky Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia,, North Carolina, S. Carolina and Virginia : 240 men were wounded in battle: 351 died on the field or in the hospitals : and 222 thereafter carries scars as evidence of their struggles with the enemy. Company F, 110 men of this regiment went from Center, Yellow Creek, Elkrun, Middleton, St, Clair, Liverpool, Franklin, Madison Wayne and Knox townships, Columbiana County. Company I, 78th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf. contained 72 men from Columbiana County chiefly from the central and southern townships. The regiment was organized in January, 1862 to serve for three years, The Columbiana County company (I ) was recruiter in December, 1861, and organized January 11, 1862, at Zanesville, Ohio, uncle the command of M. D, Leggett, The Company left the State and arrived a Fort Donelson February 15, 1862, while the battle at that place was in progress, From Paducah, Kentucky, the regiment marches nearly all the way to Grand Gulf, Mississippi passing circuitously through Tennessee, Mississippi, Louisiana, Alabama, Georgia, Nord and South Carolina and Virginia. It took and active part in all the principal battles in the est under Grant, and afterward under Sherman, beginning with Shiloh and Corinth, and continuing in the campaign following, It commenced the winter campaign under General Grant in the interior of Mississippi. It crossed the Mississippi River below Grand Gulf, and fought at Fort Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion Hills, Black River and in the 42 (lays' siege of Vicksburg, After the surrender of Vicksburg, it campaigned under Sherman to Clinton, Jackson and Monroe, Louisiana, February 1, 1864, it commenced a long and disastrous campaign through Central Mississippi to its eastern boundary. March 20, 1864, the regiment started from Vicksburg for home on veteran furlough, having re-enlisted January 5, 1864, May 7th it left Columbus, Ohio, for Georgia, reaching that State in time to take part in the Atlanta campaign, After three weeks rest, the regiment participated in the campaign in Northern Alabama in pursuit of Hood. It returned to Atlanta, and November 13, 1864, entered on that great campaign with Sherman, through Georgia to Savannah, a march of 37 days : thence to Beaufort, South Carolina, Columbia, Washington, D, C., and Kentucky, The distance traveled in this campaign was more than 4,000 miles on foot, and 3,000 by rail, and 2,600 by water, making a total of 9,600 miles, The regiment was engaged in the following battles : Fort Donelsons, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Matamoras, Thompson's Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Fort Beauregard, Bocahita, Meridian raid, Big Shanty, Bushy Mountain, Kenesaw, Nickajack, siege of Atlanta, battles at Atlanta, July 21, 22, and 28th, Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Milledgeville, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Charleston, Columbia and Bentonville - 34 in all—and many minor Fights and skirmishes, During the service the regiment lost 120 killed in battle, 300 wounded, 70 missing, 295 discharged for disability, 31 transferred to the Invalid Corps—a total of 816, Company I’s losses during the same period were live killed, 10 wounded, 10 died from disease, 10 discharged for disability and seven transferred to the Invalid Corps, The original members of the 78th Ohio ( except veterans) 202 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY were mustered out January 12, 1865, on expiration of term of service, and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits, was mustered out July 11, 1865, In the 86th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf., there were 31 men from Columbiana County. The regiment was organized at Camp Chase, June 1, 1862, On the 16th it left for Clarksburg, (West) Virginia, It was stationed at that point for the purpose of guarding the railroad and protecting Grafton, that town being a base of supplies, July 27, Companies A, C, H and I were ordered to Parkersburg, (West) Virginia, where they did provost duty, August 21 st, this detachment was ordered to Clarksburg where its members remained until September 17th, when they were ordered to Camp Delaware, Ohio, September 25, 1862, the regiment was mustered out at the last named place, Company F, 87th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf., was recruited from various parts of Columbiana County, there being in its ranks 69 men from the county, It was a three months organization and was recruited from almost every county in the State, and was ready for service in June, 1862, June 12th, while in rendezvous at Columbus, it received orders to repair to Baltimore and report to Major General Wool, commanding officer at that post, Arriving in Baltimore on the 15th of June, it was assigned to a camp north of and near the city, where for some weeks Col, H. B. Banning, its commander, drilled and disciplined the men, In the latter part of July it received orders to report to Colonel Miles, at Harper's Ferry. On its arrival at that place, it was stationed on Bolivar Heights, It remained there until the siege if Harper's Ferry by Jackson, and although its term was ended, was included in the surrender of the Federal forces on that occasion, When the circumstances of the case were made known, the men were released from their paroles, and the regiment sent home from Annapolis and mustered out at Camp Chase, September 20. 1862, THE 104TH REGIMENT, The following sketch of the 104th Regiment, Ohio Vol, Inf., was prepared by the late A. R. Martin, who for many years after the close of the Civil War taught school in New Lisbon : This regiment was recruited almost exclusively from Stark, Columbiana, Summit and Portage counties. Four companies were com posed of Columbiana County men, viz. : Company G, known as the Salem company : Company F, known as the Wellsville company : Company C, known as the East Palestine company, and Company K, known as the New Lisbon company, These companies were recruited in August, 1862, and organized at Camp Massillon as a part of the 104th Regiment, and mustered into the service with it on the 30th day of August, 1862, by Capt, J, R. Paxton, of the 15th U. S. Infantry, About the 1st of September, the regiment was hurried to Cincinnati, then besieged by Gen, Kirby Smith, On the 11th of September the advanced pickets of the Rebel forces were met by the 104th, and skirmished with all day, the regiment having one man killed and five wounded, This was the first and only blood spilled in defense of Cincinnati, Alexander Lowrie. of Company G, was wounded in the leg and it was found necessary to amputate the limb above the knee. Some after the skirmish, the Rebel army retreated toward Lexington, and the regiment marched in pursuit. This, being its first march, was very severe on the men, The roads were dusty, the springs dried up, and the men, all undisciplined and unused to exposure suffered intensely, and many cases of sickness resulted from this march, many deaths following. The regiment reached Lexington at daylight on October 15th, a few hours after the rear guard of the Rebel army hail evacuated the place. The regiment remained in Lexington until December 6th. While here the drill and discipline of the regiment wre attended to with such success as to carry off the palm in a review of the forces at that place, the commanding officer deciding that the tooth Ohio had attained the highest state of discipline of any regiment in bus command, On the morning of December 6th the regiment struck tents and took up the line of march and that day brought it to the Kentucky River, at Clay's AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 203 Ferry. The next day it reached Richmond, Kentucky. The brigade consisted of the tooth. 44th and 104th, and the 19th Ohio Battery, under command of Col. S. A. Gilbert, of the 44th Ohio. At Richmond the command built formidable works. The regiment remained here until the 27th of December, when the line of march was again resumed, and, on the evening of the 28th, Danville, Kentucky, was reached. John Morgan's guerrilla forces were at this time operating in the vicinity of Danville, and this movement was for the purpose of intercepting him. Beyond slight skirmishing, nothing important occurred here. From Danville the regiment went to Frankfort, and there remained, performing provost duty, until February 21, 1863. While in camp at this place the 44th Ohio was mounted. On the evening of the 2Ist the regiment set out for Danville. This march was made very hard and disagreeable by a furtons snow-storm, through which with difficulty it made its way, reaching, late at night, the Kentucky Military Institute, in which it quartered for the night. The next day's march brought it late at night to Harrodsburg. The next morning the regiment went to Danville, expecting to engage Morgan's Rebel cavalry, but no enemy was found. The regiment continued in this part of Kentucky. watching and checkmating the movements of the Rebel forces under Morgan. Pegram and Cluke, until the following summer, when it joined General Burnside's army in Eastern Tennessee. arriving at Knoxville; September 4, 1863. and being the first Federal infantry in the place. The duties performed by the io4th while Kentucky Were arduous and harassing, it being obliged to march and countermarch continually, up and down, and through almost the entire section of country. Owing to the exposure and fatigue of hard and forced marches. many fell out of the ranks and died from diseases contracted during these marches. Up to this time Company C. had lost to of its number and Company K. seven, by death. The other companies lost proportionately. During the retreat of the Federal forces under Gen. S. P. Carter. from Danville to Lexington. in March, 1863, the regiment lost 23 men captured by the enemy, all of whom were parolled within a few days. The most important places occupied by the regiment during its memorable Kentucky campaign were Lexington, Richmond, Danville. Frankfort, Lancaster, Crab Orchard. Mount Vernon, Somerset and Stanford. Before leaving Kentucky, the regiment was placed in the First Brigade. Third Division, 23rd Army Corps, under General Hartsuff. After a brief rest at Knoxville the regiment. with its brigade, was ordered to Cumberland Gap. The Gap was reached on the 7th day of November. This march was made with such rapidity as to merit and receive from President Lincoln a highly complimentary telegram, sent to General Burnside. Immediately upon its arrival at the Gap a demand was made for surrender by General Burnside, which was refused. The Federal troops then made preparations to carry the stronghold at the point of the bayonet : but before the movement was made the Confederate leader, General Frazier, changed his mind and surrendered his entire command. The to4th was the first regiment to enter the works, and it received the surrender of the Confederate forces and its stores. The Rebel command consisted of about 3,000 men and 14 guns. The surrender was made November 9, 1863. After this, the regiment accompanied General Burnside on an expedition to Carter's Station, on the East Tennessee & Virginia Railroad, and on returning to Knoxville it did provost duty for some weeks. It took part in the defense of Knoxville when besieged for 22 days by General Longstreet. During the siege the regiment lost several men killed and wounded. The exposure and privations of the men during this siege were great. The rations were limited and of inferior quality. The weather was cold and disagreeable and the men were without tents. .As a many sickened and (lied. The tooth left many of its representatives in the Knoxville cemetery. The regiment. with the Federal forces, joined in the pursuit of Longstreet, following him as far as Blain's Cross-Roads. and participated in the various skirmishes of that pursuit. The regiment wintered in this inhospitable re- 204 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY gion, and there was much suffering for xvant of sufficient rations and clothing. Vet, amid all their sufferings, these brave men declared their willingness to enter on another three years service; but their enlistment not expiring within the time specified. they were not permitted to "veteranize." Early in April. 1864. the regiment was ordered to Cleveland, Tennessee (where troops were assembling preparatory to the Atlanta campaign). and participated in all the campaigns and general engagements, being under fire for 120 days. It was engaged in the battle of Resaca. May 14th and 15th, and on the 6th of August in the desperate assault at Utoy Creek. in which the loss of the regiment was 26 officers and men in killed and wounded. After sharing in the successes that compelled the evacuation of Atlanta. September 1 and 2. 1864, it went into camp at Decatur. Georgia. and there remained until October 4th. when it left Decatur and crossed the Chattahoochie River, 15 miles from Decatur. After marching about 400 miles in Northern Georgia and Alabama, passing through Marietta. Acworth. Allatoona, Cassville. Kingston. Rome. Calhoun. Resaca and Snake Creek Gap into Gaylorsville. it finally readied Cedar Bluff. Alabama. On October 28th it crossed the Coosa River and. taking the cars at Dalton, Georgia. it passed through Nashville to Pulaski. Tennessee. At Nashville the regiment cast its vote in favor of "veteranizing Abraham Lincoln.” On November 8th it took the cars and went to Spring Hill, Tennessee. On November i3th it marched to Columbia. and thence to Pulaski. From Pulaski it fell back to Columbia. The regiment was engaged in sharp fighting and skirmishing here from November 25th to 29th. losing several men killed and wounded. On the night of November 29th it moved toward Franklin, making a severe march of 25 miles and reaching that place the next morning at daylight. At Franklin the regiment with its brigade built breastworks. The fight at Franklin began November 30th, at 5 in the afternoon and lasted until to at night. This was the most severe engagement in which the regiment had ever participated. and it lost 60 men in killed 2nd wounded. Capt. William F. Kemble of Company C. and Captain Bard of Company I were killed in the battle. The men went into the engagement with the avowed intention of avenging their comrades at Utoy Creek. and used "Utoy” as their battle cry. The Confederate general. Adams, was killed in front of the to4th, the General and his horse both rolling over in front of the regiment. Captain Kemble who lost his life in this battle, fought desperately, throwing hatchets and axes into the seething mass of Rebels in his front. until he fell pierced in the breast by a bullet. Lieut. S. S. Cope. of Wellsville. of Company F. Was severely wounded through the arm. but wrapped a handkerchief about the wounded limb and bravely stood his ground until the close of the battle. After the battle the regiment, with the Federal forces, marched to Nashville. which was reached December 1st. The regiment occupied an important position on the main line in front of Nashville. Here the men were again confronted by intensely cold and disagreeable weather and in consequence suffered severely. On December 15th the regiment lost three men. wounded in a skirmish. On the 16th was engaged with its brigade in a charge, capturing the works of the enemy, with pieces of artillery and a number of prisoners, not losing a man. Resting in the enemies works that night, the regiment moved next morning in pursuit of the enemy : made a short halt at Columbia. and reached Clifton, Tennessee, January 6, 1863. It remained in camp at this point until January 16, when it embarked on the steamer "Swallow,” and landing at Cincinnati, took the cars January 22nd for Washington City. From Washington, it was carried by the steamer ''Star of the South” to Fort Fisher, where it landed February 9, 1863. It took an active part in the operations which compelled the evacuation of Fort Anderson. February 18, 1865. In the skirmishing at Fort Anderson, the regiment lost one killed and several wounded. The regiment was engaged in the assault upon the Rebel works at Old Town. February 20, 1863. which involved the capture of Wilmington. February 22nd. The loss of the regiment in the charge upon the enemy at Old Town was two killed and 20 wounded. On AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 203 the 22nd of February the regiment. with its brigade, entered the city of Wilmington. On the capture of Wilmington. the colonel of the 104th Regiment was appointed to command the post, the lieutenant-colonel was appointed provost marshal of the city, and the regiment was assigned to duty as provost guard. and so continued to serve until the 23rd Army Corps marched toward Goldsboro. The regiment then marched to Kingston to the support of General Cox. who was threatened by overpowering numbers. On March 10th the regiment left Kingston, arriving at Goldsboro the next day. It remained here until April 11th. when it started for Raleigh. North Carolina. arriving at the latter place April 15th. A grand review of the troops was had at Raleigh. and the regiment received some high compliments from General Sherman and others for its efficiency of drill and the soldierly bearing of its men. On May 1, 1865, the regiment was ordered to proceed to Greensboro, North Carolina, to receive and guard property turned over by the army of Gen. Joe Johnston. and remained there until June 17, 1865, when it was mustered out of the service and ordered to report at Camp Taylor. near Cleveland. Ohio. for final pay and discharge. It arrived at Cleveland June 24th and was paid off and discharged June 27th. Companies C, F, G and K were with the regiment in all its marches and participated in all its battles and skirmishes from Fort Mitchell to Old Town Creek. They all made a noble record in the service, and their losses by death from casualty and disease were : Company C. 21 Company F. 22 : Company G, 15: and Company K. 12. HISTORY OF THE 115TH REGIMENT. The 115th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., was organized and mustered into the United States service at Camp Massillon. Ohio, in August. 1862. Four of its companies were recruited in Columbiana County, viz : Company A. from East Liverpool and Liverpool township: Company D. from Bayard and est township: Company H. from Columbiana and Fairfield township. and Company K. from Hanover and Franklin townships. while Company F had in its ranks to men from Salineville and Washington township, its captain being from Hanover township. The regiment reported to Major General Wright at Cincinnati. October 4. 1862. The regiment was here divided, five companies. under Col. T. A. Lucy. being ordered to report to the post commandant at Cincinnati for provost duty. and the other five companies. under Lieut.-Col. T. C. Boone. to report for guard duty at Camp Chase, Columbus. In November the battalion at Columbus was ordered to Maysville. Kentucky. under command of Colonel Lucy. Lieutenant-Colonel Boone taking charge or the battalion at Cincinnati. The latter did provost duty at Cincinnati for more than a year. During this period Colonel Boone was harassed by interference from the civil authorities regarding soldiers and others in his charge. The latter consisted of prisoners. military and political. and of convalescent soldiers. deserters. etc.. whom it was the commanding officer's duty to forward to their respective regiments. It vas about this time that General Burnside issued General Orders Nos. 38 and 113. the latter requiring all writs of habeas corpus issued by State authority to be disrespected. The orders resulted in bringing the civil and military authorities into conflict: and for carrying out the orders—refusing to deliver up certain deserters on a writ of habeas corpus—a warrant for the arrest of Colonel Boone was issued by Judge Paddock in the Probate Court. But the warrant could not be served because of the guard which constantly surrounded his person. In July. 1863, Colonel Boone called out his battalion for five or six days, on the Harrison pike. to render assistance to the cavalry in pursuit of the Confederate General. John Morgan. then on his raid through Ohio. In December. [862. the battalion at Maysville was ordered to Covington, Kentucky. for guard and patrol duty. Company H was mounted and did good service in the country about Covington. looking after bushwhackers and guerrillas. In October. 18.63. the regiment was ordered to report to General Rosecrans at Chattanooga. Reaching Murfreesboro. it was ordered to report for duty 206 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY to the commandant of that post. Part of the regiment was at once mounted and sent out after the Rebel guerrillas then infesting the country between Nashville and Tullahoma. In 1864 that part of the regiment not mounted was stationed on the line of the Nashville Chattanooga Railroad, in block-houses, to prevent the guerrillas from tearing up the road, In August, 1864, Blockhouse No. 4 was captured by the Confederates under General Wheeler. Block-house No. 5 was attacked at the same time, but the Rebels were repulsed after sustaining a loss of three men killed and seven wounded. Wheeler attacked the Federal lines on the railroad between Nashville and the Duck River, and at Lavergne, Tennessee. At Lavergne the 115th had 100 men in a small fort, in which were mounted one 6-pounder and one 12-pounder. The Rebel cavalry outnumbered the Union forces three to one, and on the evening of August 31st made three furious charges, but were each time repulsed with serious loss. The firmness and bravery 0f the `regiment saved the line of railroad and much property at the fort. Shortly afterward Company K (mounted) surprised and captured a squad of guerrillas, and lost Sergeant Richmond killed and three men wounded. During Hood's advance on Nashville in December, 1864, Block-houses Nos. 1, 3. and 4 were assaulted by a large force of Rebels under Forrest, and their garrisons. consisting vt parts of Companies C, F and G. captured. The garrisons of Block-houses Nos. 5 and 6 were. by order of General Thomas. withdrawn to Murfreesboro. Blockhouse No. 7 was assaulted and surrounded by the Rebels, and fur days the garrison was invested. The garrison of Block-house No. 2 was assaulted December 19th by the enemy with three pieces of artillery, and a continuous fire kept up from 9 o'clock in the morning until dark. Two of the garrison were killed and three wounded. Under cover of the night the garrison withdrew and marched to Nashville. December 7, 1864, the Confederate General Buford, made a vigorous charge on Murfreesboro, but was driven back with heavy loss. General Rousseau ordered Colonel Boone to take command of the Third Michigan with his own regiment, and "repulse and drive the Rebels out of town," which was obeyed. On the loth of December, General Hood overpowered the Federal forces at Lavergne by largely superior numbers, and caused Block-houses Nos. 1, 3 and 4 to surrender, with a battalion of the 1 15th Regiment numbering 140 men. Most of these were on their way to Columbus, under parole, on board the ill-fated "Sultana," when it exploded on the Mississippi River, near Memphis. April 27, 1865. Eighty men, belonging to Companies B, C, F and G, besides Captains D, N. Lowry and John Eadie and Lieut. J. C. Ely. lost their lives. The regiment performed garrison duty at Murfreesboro and guard duty on the line of the Nashville & Chattanooga Railroad from Nashville to Tullahoma. until June 23, 1865, when it was mustered out of service. It received its final pay and discharge at Cleveland July 7, 1865. The regiment. during the latter part of its service, was under General Rousseau, division commander. When organized, the regiment numbered 98; men, and it subsequently received 300 recruits. At muster out it numbered, all told, 630 officers and men. OHIO NATIONAL GUARD RENDERS SERVICE. The 143rd Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, May 13, 1864, to serve for 100 days. It was composed of Cie 18th Battalion, 0. N. G., of Columbiana County, and a part of the 69th Battalion. 0. N. G.. of Coshocton County. On the 15th of May the regiment left Camp Chase for Washington City, and was given garrison duty in Forts Slemmer, Totten, Slocum and Stevens, north of the Potomac. June 8th the regiment embarked for White House. Virginia. but without debarking it was ordered to Bermuda Hundred. It was assigned to the toth Army Corps, and was placed in the entrenchments at City Point, where it remained until ordered to Fort Pocahontas, where it was relieved from duty. August 29th, and proceeded to Camp Chase, where it was mustered out September 13, 1864, on expiration of term of service. Company A PAGE 207 - BLANK PAGE 208 - PICTURES AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 209 was from Washington township, B from Madison, C from Hanover, D from Perry, F from Fairfield, and. I from Liverpool township, Columbiana County. These six companies furnished 529 men. IN THE LAST YEARS SERVICE. On September 21, 1864, the 176th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was organized at Camp Chase, to serve for one year or during the war. It was immediately ordered to Nashville. Tennessee, and assigned to the Second Brigade. Fourth Division, 2oth Army Corps. Soon after its arrival it was detailed to perform provost guard duty at Nashville. and during the siege and 'battle of Nashville it was in the works, but, with the exception of a few companies under Major Cummings, the regiment was not actively engaged. Quite a number of the men were veteran soldiers. The regiment was mustered out of service at Tod Barracks, Columbus. June 18, 1865. Company D. commanded by Capt. John A. Myers, of New Lisbon, was largely made up of Columbiana County men. The 178th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., was organized at Camp Chase September 26. 1864. and mustered in for one year. It was at once ordered to report to Maj.-Gen. George H. Thomas at Nashville. The regiment remained in Nashville two weeks performing guard duty when it was sent to Tullahoma, where it composed part of the post command. It was soon ordered to Murfreesboro. and was there during the seige of that city by Hood's Confederate forces, which lasted 18 days. In December. 1864. the I78th was ordered to North Carolina. It landed at Morehead City. North Carolina. with the 23rd Army Corps. and a few days later took part in a skirmish with the enemy at Wise's Fork. After the surrender of Johnston's army, the regiment was ordered to Charlotte. North Carolina. where it performed garrison duty until mustered out June 29, 1865. This regiment contained 31 men from Columbiana County. The 179th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf.. was organized at Camp Chase in September. 1864, and mustered in for one year September 27th. It was ordered to Nashville, where it was assigned to guard and provost duty. Picket and guard duty was always irksome to the soldiers, who would have greatly preferred to be at the front or on the "firing line," in modern war parlance. But there had to be troops to perform these routine duties. and the boys of the 176th and 179th, which had been brigaded together, submitted as gracefully as possible. However 50 men were detailed from the 176th and 179th, after the battle of Nashville in December, 1864, and assigned to the First U. S. Engineers, to assist the latter organization in building block-houses along the Nashville & Chattanooga and other Southern railroads used by the Federal forces in transporting troops and supplies. The 179th was in the reserve at the time of the battle in Nashville, but not actively engaged. The regiment was mustered out at Nashville June 17th. and paid off and discharged at Columbus June 21. 1865. A squad of Columbiana County boys, numbering about 18, under Lieut. George R. Gyger ( who in later years was Adjutant General of Ohio), composed a part of Company G, 179th Regiment. Companies A and I, of the 191st Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., each contained a number of men from Columbiana County. The regiment was organized at Columbus in January and February, 1865, to serve one year. It left Columbus immediately after organization, under orders to proceed to Winchester, Virginia, and report to General Hancock. At Harper's Ferry the regiment was halted by command of General Hancock, and ordered to report to Gen. John R. Brooke, and assigned to the Second Brigade, Second Division, Army of the Shenandoah. Its only service was garrison duty in the valley, marching as far south as Winchester. where it remained until August 27, 1865, when it was mustered out of the service. OTHER BRANCHES OF THE SERVICE. The Third Ohio Independent Battery was mustered into service in the spring of 1861. It was early attached to Gen. J. D. Cox's divis- 210 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY ion, operating in West Virginia. Going into the service with a single gun, it soon added a captured gun. In February, 1862. the battery was recruited up to six guns and 161 men. It took part in the battle of Pittsburg Landing, the siege of Corinth and the battle of Iuka under Rosecrans. In the fall of 1862 the battery moved with Grant's column on the Tallahatchie, toward Jackson, and in the return to Memphis. In this campaign the men of the battery suffered from want of rations, and were compelled to subsist for days at a time on parched corn and hominy. The battery, now a part of Logan's division, moved with Grant's army to the rear of Vicksburg. It took part in the battles of Raymond, Jackson and Champion Hills. and was in position in the rear of Vicksburg for 42 days. It went with Sherman to Meridian. and had a heavy artillery fight at Clinton. Mississippi. On July 22nd, at Leggett's Bald Knob, it was engaged from f o'clock a. in. until sundown. They drove the Rebels from Jonesboro. pursuing them to Lovejoy's Station. The battery followed Hood up to Nashville and aided in its defense. From Nashville it was transferred to Fort Donelso.i. It was mustered out at Cleveland August 1865. Fifty-two members of this battery were from Columbiana County. The Second Regiment, Ohio Vol. Cav.— the first regiment of cavalry to be raised in Northern Ohio—was organized under the supervision of Hon. B. F. Wade and Hon. John Hutchins. and was mustered in October to, 1861. The regiment had a remarkable career, making a splendid record. Twenty-one men from Salem were members of this regiment. It was equipped in Cleveland and transported to Camp Dennison for drill. Early in January. 1862. the Second was ordered to report to General Hunter at Platte City, Missouri, and for three weeks scouted the Missouri border. On February 18th, Doubleday's brigade, of which the Second was a part. was ordered to Fort Scott, Kansas. On February 22nd a scouting party of 120 men of the Second was attacked in the streets of Independence. Missouri. by an equal force under command of Quantrell. In this, the Second's first tight, the enemy was routed in 15 minutes time. Quantrell's loss was five killed, four wounded and five captured. The Second lost one killed and three wounded. Early in April one battalion of the Second marched to Carthage. Missouri, where it broke up a guerrilla haunt and then returned to Fort Scott. In June the regiment moved southward, the horses being obliged to subsist on grass alone. In July the Second formed a part of a force which moved upon Fort Gibson. capturing it, and in August returned to Fort Scott. In the early fall of this year 150 men and two officers were detailed from the Second to temporarily man a light battery of artillery, a transfer which was later made permanent. Early in September the mounted portion of the regiment. with the battery menti ned. moved with the army of General Blunt into Missouri and Arkansas. sharing in the campaign which ended in the victory of Prairie Grove, Arkansas. December 3, 1862. In this campaign the Second fought at Carthage. Newtonia. Cow Hill, Wolf Creek. White River and Prairie Grove. In November the Second was transferred to the East, and the dismounted portion moved to Camp Chase where its members were re-equipped for the field. In February, 1863, the original 12 companies of the Second were consolidated into eight. and a battalion of four companies. raised for the Eighth Regiment. Ohio Vol. Cay., was added to the Second. In the early part of June four companies of the Second formed a force under General Saunders. They moved into Eastern Tennessee, attacked Knoxville and destroyed a large amount of supplies and several railroad bridges. Kanitz's brigade, of which the Second was a part, joined in the pursuit of John Morgan and followed that troublesome raider 1,200 miles through three States, finally sharing in the capture of the larger part of the Rebel force at Buffington Island. After this the regiment reassembled at Cincinnati. where almost the entire command was furloughed by General Burnside as a reward for its gallantry and efficient service. The Second reassembled at Stanford. Kentucky. and in August moved to Eastern Ten- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 211 nessee. It was brigaded with the Second East Tennessee. Ninth Michigan and Seventh Ohio Cavalry. After a forced march to Cumberland Gap. the Second fought in the battle of Blue Springs. The force pushed cn up the valley. defeating the Rebels at Blountsford and Bristol. The Second engaged Wheeler's cavalry at Cumberland Gap. and during the siege at Knoxville operated on the enemy's flank, after the siege joining in the pursuit. On December 2nd it fought Longstreet's cavalry at Morristown. on the 4th formed the advance of a brigade which attacked and fought 18 regiments for two hours at Russellville, and on the 6th was in the front five hours, in the battle of Bean Station. For the five days following it was almost constantly under fire. January 1, 1864. when the term of enlistment expired. out of 470 men. 420 reenlisted and were furloughed. On March loth the regiment. having secured 120 recruits. was ordered to Annapolis, Maryland. The regiment moved to Camp Stoneman, D. C., and by the 3oth was fully equipped. Early in May it moved. Boo strong. to Warrenton (unction. reporting to General Burnside. On May 7th it engaged Rosser's cavalry with slight loss : and from that time on it was almost constantly employed in covering the right flank of the infantry, in the campaign of the Wilderness. The Second was transferred from the Ninth Army Corps and permanently attached to Sheridan's cavalry corps. Army of the Potomac. On May 31st the First Brigade of the Third Cavalry Division, of which the Second was now a part advanced on Hanover Court House and in the engagement which followed the Second occupied the center and sustained the heaviest of the shock of battle. The enemy was driven and the crest and the Court House captured. The next day a portion of the First Brigade, including the Second Ohio Cavalry. proceeded to Ashland. The force had hardly arrived when they were surrounded by the enemy under Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, and an action ensued which lasted until sundown, when the Union forces withdrew. the Second covering the retreat. On June 22d the division moved on the raid to the Danville Railroad. The Second fought at Nottaway Court House, Stone Creek and Ream Station , losing too men and five officers in killed, wounded and missing. Late in July it moved to the left of the army and did picket duty. Early in August the division withdrew to Washington City, thence to Winchester, where it arrived on the 17th. At 3 p. m. Early made an attack and at sundown the division fell back, the Second acting as rear-guard. On the 19th Early again attacked, and after a sharp fight the division retired to Charlestown. Again Early attacked on the 22nd. when the Second was closely engaged. From Charlestown the division retreated to a position inclosing Harper's Ferry, the Second twice engaging the enemy. On August 30th the Second assisted in driving the enemy from Berryville. On September' 3th McIntosh's brigade, including the Second, was ordered toward Winchester. The brigade charged ( Second Ohio in front), and drove in the enemy's cavalry. The Second, with the aid of the Third New Jersey. captured an entire regiment of infantry. At the battles of Opequaw and Winchester, by four hours hard fighting and a bold charge. McIntosh's brigade won the day, and at night. when Early's army was retreating. the Second was the last to give up the pursuit. On the loth the Second drove Wickham's cavalry through Front Royal. and skirmished in Luray Valley until the 25th, when it joined the army. at New Market. At Waynesboro, on the 29th, Fitzhugh Lee attacked the command at sundown. The Second fought dismounted until all had with. drawn. and then prepared to retire as rearguard, when retreat was cut off by a line of Rebel infantry. The Second charged through the column and continued as rear-guard until noon next day. The second shared in the repulse of Rosser's cavalry at Bridgewater. During Sheridan's march down the valley, the Second faiight from '8 o'clock a. m. until 11 p. m. On the 19th of October the Second shared in the battle of Cedar Creek, the men being in the saddle from daybreak until 9 p. m.. and was present on the pike when Sheridan made his immortal ride, joining in the charge which secured the final victory. On February 27th the Second, with the cavalry under Sheridan. 212 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY started on the last raid of the war. Near Waynesboro, March 2nd, Custer's division captured the remainded of Early's army. In this engagement the Second captured five pieces of artillery with caissons. 13 ambulances and wagons, 70 horses and mules, 650 prisoners of war and 300 stand of arms. For this it received the thanks of General Custer on the field. It had the advance of the column entering Charlottsville, where it captured more artillery. With Sheridan's cavalry it joined the Army of the Potomac near Petersburg, there entering upon the campaign which closed the war. The regiment was mustered out September 1st, and on the 11th was paid off and discharged at Camp Chase. SIXTH CAVALRY NOT A "NEWSPAPER REGIMENT." The Sixth Regiment. Ohio Vol. Cay., was organized and mustered into the United States service early in October. 1861, at Warren. Ohio. C. C. Baker. who a number of years after the war, served two terms as auditor of Columbiana County, wrote the following sketch of the regiment for the "History of the Upper Ohio Valley :" "A historian has truthfully said of this regiment—'The Sixth Ohio Cavalry as a newspaper regiment has not much history, but the record shows long lists of killed and wounded. and a record of battles that places it among the best regiments in the service.' The muster rolls in the War Department show that there were 4,265 men mustered into this regiment ; four companies were permanently detached for service in the West and four companies recruited to fill their places. which increases the number of recruits largely over those of other regiments. Active service began early in 1862 with General Fremont in West Virginia. With his army they moved up the Shenandoah valley, where the regiment first drew saber on the enemy at Strasburg. Those who served in the early part of the war —in '61-'62—will remember that the cavalry was scattered about and used as escorts, orderlies for generals and staff officers down to 2nd lieutenants, and were of little use as a distinct ive branch of the army; and it was at this time that General Hooker's joke went forth, 'offering a liberal reward for a dead cavalryman.' Though the duty performed before was hard, there were perhaps some grounds for the sarcastic words of Hooker. During the winter of 1862-63 the cavalry was organized into one grand corps, composed of three divisions, each haying three brigades and each brigade composed of five regiments. In this organization the Sixth took its place, in the Second Brigade, Second Division. and from that time on its history can he traced with the movements of that celebrated corps and division commanded by the famous Sheridan and the 'Old Reliable' General Gregg. The cavalry corps when thus organized soon took a front rank in the movements and battles of the war, and now no endorsement is needed to the soliders' bravery whn served at the front with General Sheridan's cavalry. "Company C. of the Sixth was recruited at Salem. Ohio; it vas the first to report at camp. always holding the proud honor of being the veteran troop of the regiment. Company M, one of the new companies of 1863, was largely made up of Columbiana County boys, as were numerous recruits for the other companies. "A condensed list of the engagements in which the regiment was engaged and received casualties is all the space will permit. viz: Mount Jackson, Virginia ; Cross Keys. Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run. Brandy Station. Aldie. Bristow Station, Middleburg, Upperville, Hanover, Gettysburg. Hagerstown, Auburn Mills. Todd's Tavern, Sheridan's Raid, Wilderness, Haw's Shop, Cold Harbor, Trevillian Station, St. Mary's Church, Deep Bottom, Hatcher's Run. Ream's Station. Petersburg campaign. Boydstown Road, Dinwiddie Court House, Sailor's Creek, Farmville and Appmattox, where the regiment served as General Grant’s escort on the memorable 9th April when Lee surrendered; after which the regiment did provost service in Virginia and North Carolina until August, 1863, when it was ordered to Cleveland to he mustered out of the service—only numbering 375 men.” The 12th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Cav., was AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 213 recruited during September and October, 1863, from almost every county in the State, being mustered in November 24th. Squadron B and Company I of this regiment contained 163 men from Columbiana County. On November 29th the regiment moved from Camp Dennison to Mount Sterling, Kentucky. The regiment was a portion of General Burbridge's command in the first Saltville raid. Arrived in the vicinity of Pond Gap. after eight days forced march. the command started in pursuit of John Morgan. who with his force had just entered Kentucky. The command, after severe marching. reached Mount Sterling June 9. 1863. there engaging the Rebel raiders. The 12th again overtook Morgan at Cynthiana, scattering his forces, and continuing the pursuit for three days. The regiment had hard fighting at Saltville, September loth. The 12th with its brigade charged up a hill occupied by the enemy and silenced a battery. driving the enemy from his works. The regiment did good service under Stoneman at Bristol. Abingdon and Marion. and as a support to General Gillam in pursuit of Vaughn. Under Stoneman, Breckenridge was engaged and defeated after 4o hours of fighting. In this engagement all the members of the I2th bearing sabers participated in a grand charge. driving hack the enemy's cavalry. After the capture of Saltville on December 21st. they returned to Richmond. Kentucky. As a result of this raid four boats were captured. 15o miles of railroad. 13 trains and locomotives, lead mines, iron foundries and an immense quantities of stores of all kinds ere destroyed. The regiment moved to Nashville March cith. and thence to Knoxville. From this point, under Stoneman. the regiment penetrated North Carolina, attacked the Lynchburg & East Tennessee Railroad at Christiansburg. Virginia. which was destroyed for 30 miles. They also cut the Danville & Charlotte Railroad at Greensboro, North Carolina, which drew the garrison to Salisbury: and cutting the railroad between them and Salisbury. that place. with stores and many federal prisoners. fell into the hands of the Union forces April 2th. The command assisted in the capture Jefferson Davis : then moving through South Carolina and Alabama, they captured Generals Bragg and Wheeler and their escorts and finally reached Bridgeport. Alabama, having been in saddle 67 days. The 12th finally rendezvoused at Nashville, and was mustered out November 14, 1865. Other regiments and organizations of Ohio troops contained scattering detachments and recruits from Columbiana County, among them the following named : Sixth Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., two men : Seventh Ohio Vol. Inf., three men; 10th Ohio Vol. Inf., one man John Reed. Wayne township, killed at Perryville. October 8, 1862) ; 13th, 26th. 34th, 35th and 38th Ohio Vol. Inf., one man each; 41st Ohio Vol. Inf., four men: 43rd Ohio Vol. Inf., four men: 61st Ohio Vol. Inf., 17 men; 64th Ohio Vol. Inf., one man : 118th Ohio Vol. Inf., one man ; 126th Ohio Vol. Inf., seven men ; 27th U. S. Colored Cavalry. three men; First Ohio Heavy Artillery, 18 men : Second Ohio Heavy Artillery, to men : 26th Ohio Independent Battery, 21 men : loth Ohio Vol. Cav., three men : rith Ohio Vol. Cav.. two men : 13th Ohio Vol. Cav., 13 men. Besides these a number of Columbiana County men enlisted in regiments and organizations of other States. of whom the rosters of Ohio soldiers have no accurate record. In gathering information for a number of the foregoing sketches credit is hereby given to Ensign's "History of Columbiana County," "History of the Upper Ohio Valley" (Brant & Fuller), and Hardesty's "Military History of Ohio," all of which have been helps in the collection of important data. MORGANS RAID THROUGH THREE LOYAL STATES. The dash of the Rebel raider. John Morgan, through a portion of Ohio in the summer of 1863, which created a good deal of panic in the sections traversed by the dashing Confederate and his reckless band, has been referred to casually in this chapter. It is worthy of a more detailed account in the history of a county in the bounds if which the raiders finally came to grief. The following sketch 214 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY is compiled partly from Hardesty's "Military History of Ohio," and partly from the story of an eye-witness of the final surrender (a citizen of Columbiana County still living in 1905). On June 27, 1863, John Morgan set out from Sparta, the county seat of White County, Tennessee, with a well-mounted force of 2,000 men and four guns. He crossed the Cumberland near Barkesville, Kentucky, on the 1st and 2nd of July, with well-laid plans for a successful foray over "neutral" and loyal soil. On July 3rd he met his first setback at Tebbs Bend of Green River where 200 men of the 25th Michigan had 24 hours in which to prepare to stay his progress, which time had been diligently used in entrenching. On July 4th with two regiments at hand Morgan gave battle to the sturdy "Wolverines." who couldn't think of surrendering on the Fourth of July and was at last compelled to draw off having inflicted a loss of six killed and 23 wounded and having about 50 killed and about five times that many wounded, two of his best officers, Colonel Chenault and Major Bunt, among the slain. At Lebanon Marion County, Kentucky. Colonel Hanson. of the loth Kentucky, with 400 men held him seven hours July nth, and although then obliged to surrender had so weakened Morgan's force. in connection with his loss at Tebbs Bend, that the latter. fearing the Union cavalry were closing about him, burned a good portion of the town and rode. through the dark of a rainy night. to miles in 90 minutes to Springfield. Washington County, Kentucky. At Lebanon among the killed was Morgan's young brother. On July 7th Morgan reached the Ohio River at Brandenburg. Kentucky, his force somewhat increased by Kentucky sympathizers. Seizing two steamboats. the "McCombs" and the "Alice Dean.” he crossed the river. Across Southeastern Indiana via Harrison, Floyd, Washington. Scott, Jefferson, Ripley and Dearborn counties, Morgan and his men dashed, tearing up railroads. burning public buildings and exacting a ransom for leaving private buildings unharmed : trading horses without giving "boot." scattering or capturing militia; levying on kitchens and stables alike, and levying upon stores and granaries for everything they saw that they wanted. Then. while Indiana people were preparing to defend the government stores at New Albany and Jeffersonville. and the Capitol at Indianapolis. Morgan crossed the Ohio and rendezvoused his troops at Harrison. Hamilton County. July 13th. On the preceding clay General Burnside. commanding the "Department of Ohio." had put Cincinnati under martial law, and Governor Todd called out portions of the State militia. The militia forces of Hamilton, Butler and Clermount counties were ordered to report to Burnside at Cincinnati : those of the counties of Montgomery. Warren, Clinton, Fayette, Ross, Highland and Brown to Colonel Neff at Camp Dennison ; those of Franklin. Madison. Clarke. Greene. Pickaway and Fairfield to Brigadier General Mason at Camp Chase: and those of Washington. Noble. Monroe. Meigs. Morgan, Perry. Hocking and others to Colonel Putnam at Marietta. A force of cavalry under General Hobson had been following Morgan from the Cumberland. which was thought to have him driven from his proposed invasion of Indiana into Ohio. Navigation of the Ohio was stopped and gunboats patrolled the river "to remove all stows and flatboats which might aid Morgan in his escape to the Kentucky shore." Nothing could have been farther from Morgan's intentions than to return to the Kentucky shore. and nothing seemed farther from the fact than that he was retreating or alarmed. From the beginning he had been pursuing, and successfully, a well-formed plan of crossing the northern counties of Kentucky, the southern counties of Indiana and Ohio. and then again to cross the Ohio into est Virginia.. and through a portion of that State into Southwestern Virginia. The misunderstanding of his purpose in crossing the Ohio abetted his scheme. Colonel Duke. his chief of staff and subseggently,_his biographer, says : "Here (at Harrison ) General Morgan began to maneuver for the benefit of the commanding officer at Cincinnati." HOW MORGAN FOOLED BURNSIDE. Having eluded the combined forces of Burnside and Hobson, which he conjectured AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 215 were likely to try to stop him when he should attempt to cross the Hamilton & Dayton Railroad, he took the utmost pains to let them know his attempted crossing would be at Hamilton. Some of his troops were move. I in that direction (luring the t3th. Wiseacres were captured and paroled after they had heard his march on Hamilton discussed. etc. The ruse succeeded; and while military and civil authorities were making arrangements to defend Hamilton. on the night of July 13-14 Morgan marched his cavalry through the very suburbs of Cincinnati without encountering a picket or receiving a shot from a city of a quarter million inhabitants, "under martial law" and the command of Gen. A. E. Burnside. Duke says his force at this time was less than 2.000 men. Greeley. in his "American Conflict.'' says he had 4.000 men and Jo cannon—evidently an over-estimate—although Burnside made the same mistake. Of this night march Duke says : "We could trace our column from the saliva dropping from the horses' mouths. It was a terrible. trying march. Strong men fell out of their saddles, and at every halt the officers were compelled to move continually about in their respective companies and pull and haul the men. who would fall asleep in the road. Many crept off into the fields and slept until they were awakened by the enemy. Day appeared just as we reached the last point where we had to apprehend danger. e had passed through Glendale and across all the principal suburban roads, and were near the Miami Railroad. e crossed the railroad without opposition and halted to feed our horses in sight of Camp Dennison. * * * That evening we were at Williamsburg. 28 miles east of Cincinnati, ( in Clermont County). having marched, in 35 hours. more than 90 miles. * * * feeling comparatively safe.'' Now. indeed, as there "mustering of armed men and marching to and fro" in Ohio. The cavalry troops. under Hobson and Judah. and the militia of the State were after Morgan in good earnest ; now giving the flying band hardly as much time as they required For burning and destroying public and private property. but many a farmer in the wake of their march ill testify they never lost an opportunity to impress a fine horse into the service of John Morgan and the Confederacy. Fifty thousand Ohio militia took the field, but the ridiculous misapprehension of where Morgan was and what he was after continued. It was gravely announced that he was marching to seize Columbus and steal the State treasury ; it was feared he would reach the lake shore at Cleveland. though no one could guess what he could want with the lake. In the meantime, marching from Clermont County through Warren, Clinton. Fayette, Ross, Brown, Highland, Adams, Pike, Vinton, Jackson and Gallia counties, and again concentrating in Meigs County. Morgan made for his objective point - the ford of the Ohio River at Buffington Island. The flying column had not proceeded thus far without difficulty. There had been daily skirmishing, and the militia companies had- harassed its flanks with good effect. As Morgan neared the river he was not unaware that in addition to the militia the cavalry under Hobson was in his rear, and Judah. with fresh cavalry, was near at hand: Colonel Runkle. with the militia that had forced him to stand and tight in Jackson County, was north of him, and the local militia, ahead of him through Meigs County, felled trees across the road and tore up bridges to retard his progress. At 1 P. M. July 18th. he rode into Chester, Meigs County. Only a few hours ride further was the ford, which crossed, he would be in Jackson County, West Virginia. and among secret sympathizers upon whose aid he could count. But he rested an hour and a half in Chester. and when lie reached Portland. a little village on the river bank, and opposite Buffington Island, it was dark. Some earthworks had been thrown up at the ford, and behind them stood some 300 militiamen ready to delay his progress. Again Morgan made a delay, knowing the exhausted state of his men and horses, and not knowing the force or position of his enemy. Nor would he abandon his wagon train and wounded. and seek to cross elsewhere at unguarded points. He would "save all or lose all," he is said to 216 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY have declared. At daybreak July 19th. Duke with two regiments advanced to storm the breastworks, but found them abandoned. Then the cavalry under Judah attacked him, and a short, sharp engagement followed in which the daring invaders took a number of prisoners. and held the Union cavalry in check. Then up the Chester and Pomeroy road came Hobson's cavalry, which had followed Morgan from the Cumberland. The "tin" gunboats steamed up the river and opened fire, and the raiders were surrounded by three times their number. Morgan attempted to withdraw, but his ranks were broken and his column soon in rout. Twelve hundred men and Morgan himself escaped, but Colonels Duke, Ward and Huffman were made prisoners. These prisoners were sent down the river to Cincinnati, and the chase after Morgan and his now demoralized troops was resumed. Twenty miles above Buffington they again reached the river, and about 300 crossed into West Virginia, but the gunboats coming up prevented the rest from following, Morgan himself rema;ning on Ohio soil. Then he struck for the Muskingum, and, met by the militia under Colonel Runkle, turned hack for Blennerhassett Island. The pursuers closed about them; but while they were asleep he again stole away, and at last found an unguarded crossing of the Muskingum at Eagleport, above McConnellsville, where he crossed; and with open country before him once more attempted to reach the Ohio. At Wellsville, Columbiana County. about 30 men turned out armed with pistols. squirrel guns. and two small cannon, one of them owned by the Fulton Foundry & Machine Works boys, and the other by the boys of the C. & P. R. R. shops. Believing that the mouth of Yellow Creek would be selected by the Rebels as a crossing point, the small body of volunteer militia loaded their artillery on a railroad truck, and pushed it over the rails three miles to the mouth of the creek. Arrived there. they were informed by the landlady of the public house. Mrs. McElvaney that two of Morgan's men had been to supper and had just left. This intelligence looked like business. and the men proceeded to elect their officers. Charles R. Boyce being chosen captain and John Cullom, second in command. The guns were planted covering the road leading to the river liar at the mouth of the creek; the bridge torn up ; pickets posted and the approach of the enemy awaited. About I A. M. Sunday they were relieved by General Brooks with a detachment of Pennsylvania militia. That evening the captured Morgan and his men were brought to Wellsville, where he stated that it had been his intention to cross the shoals at the mouth of Yellow Creek, but that lie was warned by scouts that the point was guarded by Soo men with cannon. fie accordingly decided to make. for Bab's Island, or Smith's Ferry, just across the Pennsylvania line. Meanwhile Governor Todd had taken measures to ship troops by rail to Bellaire, on the river, in Belmont County; and Major Way. of the Ninth Michigan Cavalry, was soon in pursuit cf the remnant of Morgan's command. "Morgan is making for Hammondsville" (five miles from the mouth of Yellow Creek) he telegraphed General Burnside on the 23th. "and will attempt to cross the Ohio at Wellsville. I have my section of battery and will follow him closely." He kept his word and gave the finishing stroke. "Morgan was attacked with the remnant of his command at 8 o'clock this morning," announced General Burnside the next day. "at Salineville, by Major Way, who after a severe fight routed the. enemy, killed about 30, wounded some 50 and took some 200 prisoners." About six hours later, and the long race had ended. "I captured John Morgan to-day at 2 o'clock P. M.," telegraphed Major Rue, of the Ninth Kentucky Cavalry. on the evening of the 26th, taking 336 prisoners. 400, horses and arms.” WHERE MORGAN SURRENDERED. There has been some controversy as to the exact place and manner of the capture of Morgan and the handful of men who were with him to the last. The editor of this work is fortunate in having an account of Morgan's movements in detail from the time he left Salineville until the end of his daring raid, with all the circum- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 217 stances of his surrender, from the eminently reliable eye-witness already referred to, who was still living in East Liverpool in 1903. After the fight with Major Way at Salineville and the loss of more than one-third of his men, Morgan with the worn-out, jaded and now demoralized remnant of a fine cavalry brigrade which started with him from Tennessee just 29 days before, turned in his flight directly north, until he struck the main road down the west fork of Beaver Creek near Gavers. Then he turned down the valley and again headed toward the Ohio River, which he hoped to ford at Bab's Island, just above East Liverpool. But the Ninth Kentucky Cavalry under Major Rue was pressing him so hard that, soon after striking south on the Steubenville road, he realized the impossibility of reaching the river. So, turning to Capt. James Burbeck, of New Lisbon, who had been in command of a detachment of the Ohio National Guard, and whom Morgan, having captured a short time previous, compelled to ride beside him, he proposed to surrender his command to him. Bur- beck in surprise accepted the proposition ; but Morgan did not halt to carry out his proposed surrender. They kept steadily on at as good a pace as the worn-out men and jaded horses could make through the heat and dust of that intensely hot July day. Morgan believing that only Home Guards were in his front. However, the Union Cavalry had borne to their right a few miles out from Salineville, and so came down to Beaver Creek and crossed that stream at Dobson's Mill. Leaving the road here, they turned directly down the creek bottom for about a mile, expecting to come out on the Wellsville road near West Beaver Church; but heing told of a bridle-path up a gulch opposite the barn of David Crubaugh, which would bring them by a short cut into the very road which they knew Morgan was advancing over, they left the creek bottom and advanced due north, single tile, up the gulch ; and as soon as they reached the road they discovered a cloud of dust rising less than a mile to their left. Major Rue formed his line about 100 yards from the point at which he struck the road. The men were formed in two ranks, his center on the road, the right behind a stretch of wood and the left in the Crubaugh orchard, behind a high rail fence. The stragglers were not yet all in line when Morgan's command appeared over the brow of the hill; but thinking the force in his front was made of farmers and Home Guards he pressed on to the summit of the next small elevation near David Burbeck's residence. There his lines were deployed right and left along a lane that crossed the main road, Morgan's left being protected by the same strip of wood which shielded the Union right. So there was just the width of a to-acre field between the forces, Morgan having the choice position. However, before one-fourth of Morgan's men were in line, Major Rue had given the command, "Ready! Aim !—" But ere the command "Fire!" could be given, a white flag went up in Morgan's center. Three of Morgan's men at once advanced down the road with the flag of truce, and were met half way by three men from the Union command, and the formal surrender to Major Rue followed. Morgan's men at once broke ranks and sought the long-desired rest in the shade of orchard and wood. This was between 2 and 3 o'clock on Sunday afternoon, July 26, 1863. Some time was spent in gathering up Morgan's stragglers receiving their arms, etc. It was found they were almost out of ammunition, and what they had was not properly distributed. The men and horses were so worn out that it was near dark when the Union force with their prisoners, between 350 and 360 in number resumed the march for the railroad. At Wellsville the prisoners were fed and allowed to rest before being given passage to Columbus. The eye-witness to the event already quoted speaking of the exact location of the surrender, says further; "The place where the head of Morgan’s column formed and consequently where he surrendered, is not where the Hepner road intersected the main road, as has been often stated, but almost a half mile farther, or down the road where a cross-road that run from the New Lisbon road intersected the main road: and this road was on the line dividing 218 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Wayne and Madison townships. I am sure of this, for I saw the lines as they were drawn up just previous to the surrender, Morgan's forces were in Wayne, forming along the township line, it so happened, while the Union forces were in Madison township." The daring and almost successful attempt to pass from Tennessee into Virginia, over soil of three loyal States, with from 2,000 to 3,000 armed men, thus ended in disaster, only about 300 men reaching Virginia—those escaping across the Ohio above Buffington Island. Morgan and the officers captured with him were dealt with as horse-thieves rather than prisoners of war, being confined in the penitentiary at Columbus, with sheared heads, though not put to hard labor. On the night of November 26, 1863, Morgan and six of his companions dug their way out and escaped, separating as soon as they were free. Morgan and one of his captains named Hines took the train for Cincinnati at the Union Depot at 1 A. M., and when near that city put on the brakes, "slowed up the train," and jumped off, easily making their way into Covington. where help awaited them. Morgan visited Richmond and was feted there, later returning to service in Eastern Tennessee, where he was killed in the following year. WHAT THE MORGAN RAID COST OHIO. Governor Todd called upon 38 counties for militia. and the response was made by 587 companies. aggregating 49,357 men. One-half of those assembled at Camp Chase were dismissed two days after Mogan entered the State. Those of Southwestern Ohio were discharged early in the raid, and the remainder soon after the engagement at Buffington Island. The expense of the raid in round numbers may he stated as : $250.000 for payment of militia, $200,000 for subsisting and transporting them : damage done by Union troops. $150,000 : damage by the enemy, $490,000: a total expense of more than $1,000.000. But it had resulted in the words of Governor Todd's address to the people, in ''the capture and destruction of one of the most formidable cavalry forces of the Rebels: a force that had been a terror to the friends of the Union in Tennessee and Kentucky for about two years." Of the regular force of Ohio in the field the 45th Infantry and Second and Seventh Cavalry participated in the pursuit of Morgan. The first named lost one killed and several wounded. The cavalry regiments rode for 26 days, 18 or 20 hours out of 24 and through three States, and both were participants in the engagement at Buffington Island. THE SPANISH-AMERICAN When war was declared with Spain by the United States in the spring of 1898, Columbiana County was ready to do her part toward sustaining the national honor, as she has ever been in similar emergencies. Company E, of the Eighth Regiment, Ohio National Guard, was stationed at East Liverpool and when the call was made. the company enlisted to a man. The officers of the company were : Captain. M. W. Hill: 1st lieutenant, George O. Anderson 2nd lieutenant. Robert T. Hall : sergeants; W. F. Hanley, F. L. Trump, C. A. Puriton, W. H. Kinsey, T. C. Smith and George T. Blake: corporals—J. C. Davis. V. P. Weaver. . J. Miller, G. E. Wyman. W. R. McCord, W. G. Hackworth H. G. Kerr. R. A. Woods, . S. Cook, L. E. Heddleson. T. C. Beatty and E. S. Morley. The company left East Liverpool for the regimental headquarters at Wooster on April 25th, and were mustered into the United States service at Columbus May 13, 1898. With all the Ohio troops the regiment rendezvoused at Camp Alger. Virginia. May 15th. On July 7th Company E with the regiment left New York on the transport "St. Paul” for Cuba, and were landed at Sihoney, near Santiago. on the 10th. The regiment reporting to General Shafter, the boys were ordered into the trenches and on guard duty, instead of being put forward to the "firing line" as they had desired. It was the rainy season : the country was reeking with miasma. Cuban fever and even the yellow fever was becoming prevalent. After the fall of Santiago, the men were still AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 219 held in camp, under the incessant rains, for days and weeks longer. Little wonder that the young soldiers, fresh from the North. almost all sickened and a number died of the pestilence which could scarcely have been thrown off by acclimated veterans. Finally the attention of the government was called to the condition of the men, and tardy relief came to them. August 18th those of the command who were able to travel were taken on a transport and started for "God's country.'' being landed at Montauk Point. Long Island, August 24th : and, having been kept in hospital and detention camp. those who were still able to be transported on September 26th took train for Wooster, Ohio. where they were mustered out November 21st. Two-thirds of those who survived were left to a greater or less degree physical wrecks, a number having been left to languish in the hospitals in Cuba and at Montauk Point. The death roll of the company was as follows : Francis Smith, died, at Siboney, Cuba, August 20, 1898: 0. T. Eddy. died at sea. August 22, 1898: Charles Sweitzer, died in East Liverpool from disease contracted in Cuba. September 3, 1898; Michael Eck, died at Montauk Point, September 11, 1898; Edwin Holloway, died at Montauk Point, September 13, 1898 Arthur Burrows, re-enlisted, and killed in action in the Philippines, November 10, 1900.