234 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY CHAPTER XVI. GALAXY OF STATESMEN. Men Who Have Represented Columbiana County in Congress, in the Legislature and in State Offices—Famous Campaigns and Campaigners—Rise of McKinley, Hanna and Others—Epoch-Making County Politics. While Columbiana County has not had the honor of seeing one of her natives in the White House or in the chair of the chief executive of the State, yet there have been from among her citizenship those who have acquired deserved fame and high honor in other scarcely less responsible if less exalted positions. A renowned president was a few months too young to claim nativity in Columbiana County, while one of the greatest statesmen and Senators the country has ever produced was born within its confines; and his ancestors for three generations made the county their home. Of intellectual lights of lesser magnitude, among legislators, national, State and judiciary—statesmen of high and low degree—there have been many whom Columbiana County- people have delighted to honor, and who have brought honor upon their constituency and themselves. Only examples from these classes of patriots and statesmen—all of them held in grateful remembrance—can he referred to in this chapter, while no slight is intended to any. Some of Columbiana County's early legislators and statesmen who achieved more or less distinction were William Russell. who was a member of the Lower House of the General Assembly of Ohio from 1824 to 1826, inclusive; John Laird, a bitter partisan of the Democratic faith, who served in the State Senate in 1823 and 1824; DeLorma Brooks. who was a member of the convention of Federalists which met in Columbus in 1827, and favored the nomination of John Quincy Adams to the presidency, and who was a member of the Lower House of the General Assembly in 1826-27; Andrew . Loomis, who represented the Columbiana district in Congress in 1836- 37, and who was chosen to deliver the oration on the occasion of the moth anniversary of Braddock's defeat, November 25, 1838; Charles D. Coffin, who was elected by the Whigs to Congress to fill the unexpired term caused by the resignation of Loomis ; and J. Twing Brooks, who was the youngest member of the State Senate in 1866-68. Fisher A. Blocksom, of New Lisbon, who was in public life perhaps longer than any other resident of the county, served as prosecuting attorney several terms early in the first half of the 19th century. In 18o6 he served on the staff of Brig-Gen. Robert Simison, who commanded the Second Brigade of the Fourth Division, Ohio State Militia. He was a member of the Lower House of the General Assembly from 1826 to 1828, inclusive, and was re-elected in 1831 and served until 1833. He was the presidential elector of the Democratic part' froni this district in 1832, and cast the rote of his party in the district for Andrew Jackson. He was prosecuting attorney for the county from 1838 to 1843, and a member of the State Board of Equalization in 1841. Mr. Blocksom died in New Lisbon, December 14, AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 235 1876, at the ripe old age of 95 years and three months. Gen. James W. Reilly, the old military, legislative and judicial "war-horse," was still living at his old home in Wellsville in 1905, at the age of 77. In 1861 he was elected on the Union ticket to represent Columbiana County in the Lower House of the Ohio Legislature, and while in that body served on the judiciary committee and as chairman of the committee on military affairs. In July, 1862, he was tendered the colonelcy of the 1o4th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., and served in the war with great distinction, being promoted to the rank of brigadier general, commanding for a time the Third Division of the 23rd Army Corps. In 1873 he was a member of the State constitutional convention. In 1866 his name was brought forward by the Republican party of the county in the nominating convention of the I7th District for congressional honors, and again in 1878, when, after a three days session, and more than too ballots, Jonathan T. Updegraff. of Jefferson County, succeeded in breaking the deadlock between himself and General Reilly and secured the nomination, Jefferson County at that time being a part of the 18th Congressional District. It has always been conceded that General Reilly could easily have secured the nomination of his party and gone to Congress had he consented to do a little campaigning over the district in his own behalf but so independent was he that not a speech would he make in a campaign where he himself was interested, even in his own county. Hon. Jacob A. Ambler, who was contemporaneous with General Reilly. in years and in public life, still lived at his old home in Salem in 1905, at the age of 76. In October, 1857, he was elected to the Lower House of the Ohio General Assembly, on the Republican ticket, resigning this office in 1859 to accept an appointment by Governor Chase on the common pleas bench of the First Sub-Division of the Ninth Judicial District of the State, to fill a vacancy caused by the resignation of judge Lyman W. Potter. In 1860 he was elected to the bench for the remainder of the unexpired term. and re-elected the following year for a full term of five years. Judge Ambler was elected to represent the 17th Ohio District in the 41st Congress, and was re-elected to the 42nd Congress. He served on the United States Tariff Commission, by appointment of President Arthur, the report of which commission was the basis of the tariff law of 1883. Judge Ambler was a Democrat until the organization of the Republican party, but ever after that period was a stanch advocate of its policy. His last active service in political campaigns, however, was in 1871, when he accompanied Governor Noyes on his canvassing tour through Southern Ohio. He was also a member of the Cincinnati convention which nominated Rutherford B. Hayes for the presidency in 1876. Hon. Jonathan H. Wallace was a notable personage of the old school who figured judicially and to some extent politically in the latter half of the 19th century, in Columbiana County. He was prominent at the Columbiana County bar, and, being elected prosecuting attorney in 1851, served two terms in that office. He was appointed judge in the Ninth Judicial District by Governor Hoadley, to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of Judge Peter A. Laubie, and served until the next regular election. In 1880 he was the candidate of the Democracy of the 17th District for a seat in the 47th Congress; and after a contest with William McKinley he was seated during the second session of that Congress. He was always a Democrat, but somewhat conservative in his political ideas. He died October 29, 1892. COLUMBIANA COUNTY ADOPTED McKINLEY. William McKinley, having been so near an actual product of Columbiana County that her people have long accounted him as one of her greatest men, and having, especially during his congressional career, been very closely allied with the county's politics as well as her industrial interests, to say nothing of his national fame as President of the whole country, a history of Columbiana County would not be complete without somewhat extended reference to 236 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY the great statesman. Indeed McKinley said himself in one of his famous speeches : "I cannot forget that, when I was first a candidate for Congress, it was the splendid majority of rock-ribbed Columbiana County which assured my election." William McKinley was born in Niles, Trumbull County, Ohio, February 26, 1843. In common with so many of our great statesmen and leaders, he traced his ancestry to the sturdy Scotch settlers of the North of Ireland. From his father he had the energy and intellectual brilliancy of the Scotch-Irish, to which was added the German perseverance of his mother. He began his public, career as a school teacher, but when the Civil War, broke out he "dropped the ferule and took up the sword," enlisting as a private in the 23rd Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf. The same qualities, which eventually placed him foremost in the ranks of his country's leaders, soon elevated him in the ranks of her defenders. After repeated promotions, he attained the rank of captain in 1864, and was breveted major at the close of the war. Returning to his native State when his country no longer needed his services in the field, he began the study of the law, establishing himself at Canton, Ohio, in 1871.. So rapid was his rise in the legal profession that. five years after locating at Canton, he was elected to Congress; and by three successive re-elections lie remained there four terms. In Congress his opinions soon began to have great weight : and, having made a close and thorough study of the tariff problem, lie brought forward a measure providing for a higher tariff on products of American industry than had ever before been enacted. This law. popularly known as the "McKinley Bill." was destined to become a great factor in subsequent national elections, and finally to place its author in the White House. In 1891 Major McKinley was elected Governor of Ohio; in 1893 lie was reelected by a plurality of over 80,000 votes, a result largely due to his sturdy advocacy of the principle of protection. His remarkable record easily won him the nomination for the presidency at the St. Louis convention in June. 1896. His successful conduct of the war against Spain, his great personal popularity and the wonderful prosperity of the country resulted in his renomination and re-election to the presidency in 1900. Six months after his second inauguration, lie was shot down by an anarchist assassin while attending the r'anAmerican Exposition at Buffalo, on September 6th, and died September 14, 1901. He was buried at his old home city, Canton. COLUMBIANA COUNTY'S GREATEST MAN. The native of Columbiana County who achieved die greatest fame of any of her famed citizens was the late Senator Marcus A. Hanna. His ancestors came from Scotland. Thomas Hanna, the great-great-grandfather of Marcus A. Hanna, is said to have come to this country in 1764. He settled first in Southern Pennsylvania, where lie found among the Scotch and Scotch-Irish pioneers of that section a number of his countrymen. Soon after arriving in this country lie died, leaving two sons. Robert and Thomas. Robert was bound out to a family of the Society of Friends, with whom he learned the tailor's trade. Having married, he removed to Virginia, where he and John Lynch laid out the town of Lynchburg. In 18o1 lie, with his wife and nine children. the second of whom was Benjamin. the grandfather of Senator Hanna, came in one of the old "Conestoga" wagons from Lynchburg to the Ohio River, which they crossed at Smith's Ferry near the Columbiana County line. Making their way through the then unbroken wilderness, they located on section to. Fairfield township. Columbiana County. Robert Hanna was chairman at the first election for township officers. held in Fairfield township, April. 1805. He was-at that time elected township trustee, and his son. Benjamin. was chosen township clerk and treasurer. The Hannas continued to Bold office almost continuously in the township up until about 1812. Meanwhile Robert Hanna had become interested in land in Middleton township, upon which lie erected a tavern at the cross-roads where the village of Clarkson was afterwards located, which village was laid out by him in 1816. Robert Hanna's son Ben- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 237 jamin and Rachel Dixson were married December 16, 1803, by the use of the Friends' ceremony. I his is said to have been the first ceremony of the kind in Fairfield township. Benjamin had located on what was afterward known as the Poulton farm, south of what was later the village of Columbiana. In 1810 he purchased a quarter-section of land east of the village, where the Columbiana Cemetery was afterward located. Selling this land he moved to Salem in 1812, where he kept a store established by a number of Friends. About two years later he purchased a farm near New Lisbon, and opened a store in the village, which he conducted until the canal excitement seized the town, when he was made president of the Sandy and Beaver Canal Company, which position he filled for 23 years. Leonard Hanna, sun of Benjamin, and father of the Senator, was born at Columbiana March 4, 1806. He attended the common schools in New Lisbon, went to college, studied medicine and became a practicing physician. He was a fine orator, and was an active advocate of anti-slavery and temperance. He removed with his family to Cleveland in 1852, and became a member of the wholesale grocery and forwarding house of Hanna. Garretson & Company. He died in 1862. Dr. Hanna's wife was a daughter of Porter and Rhoda Converse, of Ashtabula County, Ohio. Marcus Alonzo Hanna was born in New Lisbon, September 24, 1837, the second of seven children. He attended the public schools of New Lisbon until the age of when he removed with his father to Cleveland. In the public schools he prepared for a course in Western Reserve College, where he spent one year in scientific study. In 1857 he entered his father's store, the management Of which soon devolved upon him. The store at that time was doing a large Lake Superior trade. After his father's death, he settled the estate and managed the business of the store. During the Civil War he served four months in connection with the War Department in Washington. In 1864 he married C. Augusta Rhodes. daughter of Daniel P. Rhodes: of Cleveland. At Mr. Rhodes' death the firm of Rhodes & Company was succeeded by M. A. Hanna & Company, dealers in coal, iron ore and pig-iron. In this business, which gave employment to several thousand men, began the extensive relations of Mr. Hanna, as a capitalist and employer of labor, with the workingmen, and "the development of new ideas as to the proper attitude of each to the other." Observing that misunderstandings were constantly arising between the employer and employee, Mr. Hanna began an investigation with a view to finding a remedy if possible. His careful observation, and patient diligent inquiry into the problem, resulted in the formation of what has since been known as the National Civic Federation, an organization started about 1900 in Chicago. The object of association, as Mr. Hanna expressed it, was to bring together men of experience and ability to discuss economic questions. To quote his own words : "It is no new theory to me—no new idea of yesterday or a year ago. It is the result of 3o years of experience in dealing with this question of labor —dealing with it under all conditions and emergencies and embarrassments which crowd the busy life of those who conduct the industries of our country." In this connection a quotation from a sketch prepared for the Lisbon Centennial souvenir volume will be in place : "Prior to the great political campaign of 1896, Mr. Hanna was comparatively unknown outside the realms of trade and commerce. The knowledge that the world at large had of him was that he was a shrewd, careful and brainy captain of industry, engaged in large business enterprises which required the investment of much capital, the employment of an army of labor, and the watchful, far-seeing eye of the thoroughly intelligent business man to bring them to a safe issue. But his friendship and love for the standard-bearer of his party induced him to enter into that contest with all his ardor. and with his advent into politics no puny weakling entered the lists but a full-grown gladiator sprang into the arena. The country was amazed at the spectacle of one who had devoted his whole life to arduous business pursuits suddenly appearing in a new field. and 238 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY showing from that day his superb qualities of statesmanship. Untrained in the art of public speaking, he surprised his audiences by his oratory; for he is certainly an orator within the definition that 'oratory is the art of convincing the people.' But with all that has been accorded to him in a political way, Senator Hanna is prouder of the part he has taken in the peaceful solution of the vexed labor question than he is of mere political victories, gratifying as they may be. In speaking of the bitter contest in the Tuscarawas Valley during the miners' strike in 1874, when the militia of the State had to be ordered out to uphold the law and preserve order he said : 'I had seen men actuated by passion and prejudice, so that reason was dethroned; and I had seen the men on the other side fully aroused to what they considered the injustice of the demands of employees and determined to resist to the last. Like all other strikes, it came to an end and after that experience, after final consideration of its origin and its features, I made up my mind there was a better way to settle disputes of labor and capital ; and from that day to this, that question has never been absent from my thoughts; there never has been a time that I have not studied every feature of it. And when now in the opening of this new century we are in the midst of the greatest prosperity which we have ever known, when all the industrial interests of the country are roused to conditions which inspire activity, the men, the captains of industry, controlling these great industries, in their own selfishness, in their own desire to make the best of the opportunities, have overlooked the importance of that other side of the question. * * * * The way to prepare to meet all contingencies is to lay the foundation of mutual benefit and mutual confidence. each with the other, one just as necessary and just as important as the other.' The leading question of the (lay from every point of view, a question of the life of our republic, is the question upon which the Civic Federation is engaged, and to which the leading minds of the country are asked to contribute whatever of thought or experience they may have for a proper and just solution of the great economic problem. When such men as M. A. Hanna and his associates combine to bring harmony out of discord and industrial peace out of the conflict between labor and capital, we may feel assured that their efforts will be successful." Mr. Hanna was appointed to the United States Senate by Governor Asa S. Bushnell March 5, 1897, to fill the vacancy caused by the retirement of John Sherman, who resigned to accept the position of Secretary of State in President McKinley's cabinet; took his seat March 5, 1897; in January, 1898, he was elected for the short term ending March 4. 1899, and also or the succeeding full term. which would have ended March 4, 1905. He died after a brief illness, February 15, 1904, in Washington, and was buried in Cleveland. Rev. Henry C. McCook, D. D.. of Philadelphia, himself also a native of New Lisbon, wrote of Senator Hanna after his death : Draw. if thou wilt, the portrait of man Whom men would count a pattern of their kind— As son. employer. husband. parent. friend: Not faultless, for perfection who can find: But, knowing where the path of duty leads Therein will follow. faithful to the end: His promise. justly answering to his deeds. Abating naught. nor swerving from the way. Whatever tempt his steadfast feet to stray: To the full measure of his strength and light Doing his part and always all his best. With conscience clear and loyal to the right. Keep then this model, righteous man in view, And judge thou, if the Senator has not With honest. kind and faithful purpose sought To hold the mirror to this image true. While Hon. Robert W. Tayler is not a native of Columbiana County, vet it was in the county that he began his splendid career, fought his battles and won his most brilliant victories. He was born in Youngstown, Ohio. November 26, 1852; graduated from Western Reserve College June, 1872; in September of that year he commenced teaching in the High School in New Lisbon. and was elected superintendent of the New Lisbon schools in 1873, and re-elected in 1874. From January, 1875, to November, 1876, he was editor of the Buckeye State: in AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 239 April, 1877, he was admitted to the bar and was elected prosecuting attorney of Columbiana County in 1880, re-elected in 1882 and served until January, 1886; was elected to the 54th, 33th, 36th and 57th Congress, and declined after being nominated without opposition by the Republicans of the 18th District to succeed himself in the 58th Congress. In 1904 Mr. Tayler was appointed United States district judge for the Northern District of Ohio. to succeed Judge Wing, resigned, and his decision upon the constitutionality of the Chinese exclusion act, rendered in July, 1905, attracted world-wide attention. Judge Tayler is a very eloquent and convincing speaker, and did much campaign work, being very often in demand in this and other States during the exciting campaigns of 188o to 1904. One of the most—if not the most—effective campaign orators Columbiana County has produced was P. C. Young; and that he did not' go to Congress was not for lack of ability —and, it has been freely declared, of opportunity, had he seen and taken advantage of the tide of popularity when at its flood. Peter Cleaver Young was born May 19, 1848, in Middleton township, Columbiana County. He received his education in the common schools and in the New Lisbon High School ; was admitted to the bar in 1872, in the meantime conducting the Buckeye State for. several years. He was elected and served as probate judge of Columbiana County from 1891 to 1897. He died July 25, 1899. Judge Young, was, during every political campaign for 25 years, always in demand for service on the stump. in this and other States, East and West. John H. Clark was another of the "brainy boys" which Columbiana County produced about the middle of the 19th century. He was born in 1857 in New Lisbon, where he was admitted to the bar in 1878. He was several times urged to be a candidate for Congress and once or twice for Governor by his party (the Democratic.), which was in the minority, and as a campaign speaker had usually more dates than he could fill. In the early '80's he became interested in the publication of the Youngstown Vindicator, and later removed to Cleveland where he became a corporation lawyer. A sketch of Mr. Clark, printed in 1903, says : "By taste and habit Mr. Clark is a student and much of his time is spent in his library. He has expended both time and money in establishing and extending the equipment of public libraries. Some of the fruits of his interest in these lines have developed into a number of lectures on literary subjects which he delivers to fortunate audiences occasionally for educational and charitable purposes. His 'Some Clowns and Fools of Shakespeare.' `Shakespeare the Man,' and 'James Russell Lowell and La:lefty,' have delighted some of the largest audiences and ranked with the best talent in city courses." An attorney at the Columbiana County bar —also a native of New Lisbon, which town has produced so many good men—who at the beginning of the new century was forging to the front rank, both as an able lawyer and eloquent public speaker, was Charles S. Speaker. He belonged to a somewhat younger class than Tayler, Young and Clark, but was following close in their footsteps if not fully abreast with them in many of their brilliant qualifications. He served the county as prosecuting attorney from 1892 to 1897, and in 1903 was. Columbiana County's choice in the Republican convention which nominated James Kennedy, of Youngstown, to succeed Robert W. Tayler. Hon. William P. Hepburn, who for about 20 years represented the Eighth Iowa District in Congress, was born in Wellsville in 1833. He went to Iowa in 1841. Hon. John P. Elkin, of Pennsylvania, also spent his boyhood in Wellsville. THE COUNTY'S LEGISLATORS. Columbiana County has been represented in Congress, by Columbiana County men, as follows.: In 1825 and 1826, and again in 1829 and 1830, by John Thompson; 1833-36. John Thompson ; 1837-38, Andrew W. Loomis and Charles D. Coffin ; 1839-42, John Hastings ; 1843-44, William McCauslin; 1845-48. John D. Cummins ; 1869-72. Jacob A. Ambler; 1881-82. Jonathan H. Wallace; 1893-94, 240 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY George P. Ikirt; 1895-1902, Robert W. Tayler. The county has been represented in the Ohio Senate by the following persons: In 1803-04, Joseph McKee; 1805-06, James Pritchard and Benjamin Hough; 1806-07, Benjamin Hough and John Taggart; 1807-08. John McLaughlin and John McConnell; 1808- 12, Lewis Kinney; 1812-13, Lewis Kinney and Joseph Richardson: 1813-14, Josenh Richardson: 1814-15. John Thompson : 1816-17. John G. Young; 1818-21, John Thompson; 1821-23, Gideon Hughes; 1823-24, John Laird; 1824-23. Daniel Harbaugh (elected to fill vacancy of John Laird. demised) : 1825-33. William Blackburn; 1834-35, William McKaig (extra session) ; 1835-37, Joseph Thompson, Jr.; 1837-39, James Thompson; 1839-41, Joseph Thompson, Jr.: 1841-45. Charles M. Aten; 1845-47, John Martin; 1847-51. Fisher A. Blockson; 1832-53. James McKinney: 1854-55, Joseph F. Williams: 1856-57, Jonas D. Cattelt; 1858-59. Joseph C. McCleery 186o-61, Anson L Brewer; 1862-63. Robert Sherrard, Jr. (Jefferson County) ; 1864-65, Norman K. MacKenzie: 1866-69. J. Twing Brooks; 1870-71. Jared Dunbar ( Jefferson County) : 1872-73, J. T. Updegraff ( Jefferson County) ; 1874-77. Jonathan K. Rukenbrod: 1878-81, Reese G. Richards I Jefferson County) ; 1882-85. John M. Dickinson: 1886-89. Thomas B. Coulter ( Jefferson County ) 1889- 91, Thomas H. Silver; 1893-94. Charles N. Snyder; 1896-97. William V. Blake: 1900-02, Frank B. Archer (Belmont County ) 1902-04. Charles C. Connell ; nominated in 1903. Daniel W. Crist. In the Lower House of the Ohio General Assembly, the following persons were members : In 1803-04, Richard Beeson. Samuel Dunlap and John Sloane: 1804-05. Rudolph Bair ; 1806-07, John McConnell; smell 1807-08. John Sloane: 1808-09,. William Harbaugh and John Cnunbacher; 1809-10, George Clark. John Crumbacher and William Harbaugh 1810-11, Crumbacher. George Clark and William Foulks; 1811-12, William Fimiks. John Crumbacher and Jacob Frederick: 1812-13, Jacob Bushong and George Brown: 1813-14. Thomas Rigdon and John G. Young; 1814-15. Thomas Rigdun and David Hanna; 1815-16. Thomas Rigdon: 1816-17, John Thompson. David Hanna and Jacob Roller: 1817-18 Jacob Roller and Joseph Richardson; 1818-19. Joseph Richardson and William Foulks; 1919-20, Joseph Richardson and Jacob Roller; 1820-21, Joseph Richardson (elected Speaker). Jacob Roller and Jacob Brown; 1821-22. William Blackburn. Peter Musser and Daniel Harbaugh: 1822-23. William Blackburn. Joseph Richardson and Daniel Harbaugh: 1823-24. Joseph Richardson (Speaker). Jacob Roller and William Blackburn: 1824-25. William Blackburn. William E. Russell and George Brown: 1823-26. William E. Russell. George Brown and Jacob Gaskill : 1826-27. Fisher A. Blocksom, John Hessin and DeLorma Brooks: 1827-28. Fisher A. Blocksom. Robert Forbes and Elderkin Potter: 1828-29. Elderkin Potter. James Early and Nathaniel Myers: 1829-30. James Early. Jacob Roller and James Marshall: 1830-31. James Early, Jacob Roller and James Marshall : 1831-32. Fisher A. Blocksom. James Marshall and James Early: 1832-33. Fisher A. Blocksom. Robert Forbes and John Quinn: 1833-34. Jacob Roller. Robert Forbes and John Ouinn 1834-35. Jacob Roller. Robert Forbes and John Quinn: 1835-36. Samuel Cresswell. William Armstrong and Benjamin Blackburn ; 1836-37, Samuel Cresswell. William Armstrong and Charles M. Atm; 1837-38. Thomas Cannon. George Smith and Jacob Roller: 1838-30. George Smith. Jacob Roller and John M. Jenkins: 1839-40 John M. Jenkins, Robert Wilson and William D. Lepper : 1840-41. John M. Jenkins and Charles M. Aten: 1841-42. John M. Jenkins: 1842-43. John Reid and John Martin: 1843-44 John Martin and Robert Filson : 1844-45. Robert Filson 1845-46, Clement L. Vallandigham and Joseph F. Williams: 1846-47. Clement L, Vallindigham: 1847-48. James Patton and Joseph F. Williams: 1848-49, David King: 1849-50, John Gilman: 1850-51, Philip March: 1851-52. Philip March and Abram Croxton : 1854-55. Henry Hessin and William P. Morris: 1856-57. John Hunter and Moses Mendenhall: 1858-59, Jacob A. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 241 Ambler ; 1860-61, Jonathan K. Rukenbrod; 1862-63, James . Reilly: 1863-64, (Reilly resigned), James Boone; 1864-65. Samuel . Clark; 1866-67, Samuel W. Clark and Samuel Fox; 1867-68 (Clark resigned), James Martin; 1868-69, Josiah Thompson and Jonathan K. Rukenbrod: 1870-71, Garretson I. Young; 1871-73, Josiah Thompson: 1874-73, Ephraim S. Holloway; 1876-77, David Boyce; 1878;9, David Boyce and Samuel C. Beer; 1880-81, Samuel C. Kerr ; 1882-83, George . Love: 1886-89, William T. Cope and John Y. Williams; 1890-91. Alexander H. McCoy; 1892-93, Alexander H. McCoy and Joseph I. Brittain; 1894-95, Joseph I. Brittain and Witham C. Hutchison ; 1896-97, William C. Hutchison and P. M. Ashford; 1898-99, P. M. Ashford; 1900-01, Samuel Buell ; 1902-03, Samuel Buell and Daniel . Crist: 1904-05, Daniel W. Crist and Elijah . Hill; 1905, Elijah . Hill and William B. McCord, nominated (two to elect). From the time the first steps were taken to organize the State of Ohio up to 1905, three State constitutional conventions had been held. These persons were members respectively from Columbiana County : In convention of 1802. Rudolph Blair ; 1850-51. Henry H. Gregg and Samuel Quigley ; 1873. James W. Reilly. Among the efficient members of the General Assembly from Columbiana County during the last quarter of the 19th century. not only as pains-taking law-makers, but as active campaigners, were George . Love, William T. Cope and Alexander H. McCoy. Mr. Love was essentially a self-made man. He had been a coal miner and educated himself. He died soon after his period of service in the Legislature. Mr. Cope, who had made a good record as a volunteer soldier in the war for the Union, developed, after he was 3o years of age. no mean ability as a public speaker. He was State Treasurer from 1892 to 1896. inclusive, and died in November. 1902. Mr. McCoy was an especially useful member of the house committee of finance while a member of the General Assembly. He met death by accident in the summer of 1899. Isaac B. Cameron, for many years a merchant in Salinevine, achieved some distinction in county and State affairs. He served as treasurer of Columbiana County in 1894 and 1897, inclusive, and of the State of Ohio from 1901 to 1904. inclusive. Fir many years he was chairman of the Columbiana County Republican Executive Committee. He was a member of the State Republican Central Committee in 1893, also a member of the 18th Congressional District Committee in 1898 and 1899. In 1903 Mr. Cameron had been elected president of the Savings & Trust Company of Columbus. where he was making his home. THE BROUGH-VALLANDIGHAM CAMPAIGN. Among the most exciting political campaigns which ever occurred in Ohio was the gubernatorial contest of 1863 between John Brough, afterwards the "War Governor," and Clement L. Vallandigham, a native and for many a resident of New Lisbon—who during his race for Governor was banished across the lines into the so-called "Southern Confederacy." Clement Laird Vallandigham was born in New Lisbon July 29, 1820—being a son of Rev. Clement Vallandigham, one of Columbiana County's pioneer preachers. He was graduated at Jefferson College. Canonsburg. Pennsylvania, taught school from 1838 to 1840 and was admitted to the Columbiana County bar in 1842. In 1845 he was elected to the Ohio Legislature, and, although the youngest member, he became the leader of the Democratic party in the House. He voted against the repeal of the "Black Laws," preferring, as he said, to submit the question to the popular vote, declaring that he so voted because the measure "would result in the most effectual putting down of this vexed question for perhaps 20 years to cane. It would probably fail as did the question of negro suffrage in New York, where the people had voted against it by a majority of 50,000." In 1847 he removed to Dayton, where he became part owner and editor of the it Empire, and continued to practice law. In his salutatory in 242 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY the Western Empire he said : "We will support the Constitution of the United States in its whole integrity," "protect and defend the Union," "maintain the doctrine of strict construction," and "stand fast to the doctrine also of State Rights so embodied in Mr. Madison's Virginia report and Mr. Jefferson's Kentucky resolutions of 1798." He also advocated "free trade," "a fixed tenure of every office under the Federal government that will properly admit it," and "popular education." In 1852 he made an effort to secure the Democratic nomination for Lieutenant Governor, but was defeated by William Medill. In 1857 he was candidate for Congress against Lewis D. Campbell, and, though declared defeated, contested the seat and won it, serving from May 25, 1858, until March 3, 1863. During the 37th Congress he became conspicuous for his bold utterances against the acts of the administration in the conduct of the war, and on December 5, 1862, offered a series of resolutions in which he declared that, "as the war was originally waged for the purpose of defending and marinating the supremacy of the Constitution and the preservation of the Union. * * * whosoever should attempt to pervert the same to a war of subjugation. and for the overthrowing or interfering with the rights of the States, and to abolish slavery, would be guilty of a crime against the Constitution and the Union." These resolutions were laid on the table by a vote of 79 to 50. January t4tit following, Mr. Vallandigham spoke to the resolutions of Mr. Wright. of Pennsylvania, defined his position on the war question, and said "A war for Union! Was the Union thus made? Was it ever thus preserved? History will record that after nearly 6,000 years of folly and wickedness in every form and administration of government. theocratic. democratic, monarchic, oligarchic, despotic and mixed, it was reserved to American statesmanship in the 19th century of the Christian era to try the grand experiment. on a scale the most costly and gigantic in its proportions. of creating love by force, and developing fraternal affection by war ; and history will record too, on the same page, the utter. disastrous and most bloody failure of the experiment." After his term in Congress had expired, Mr. Vallandigham returned to Ohio and made numerous speeches, in which he attacked the administration of President Lincoln with great violence and bitterness. Gen. A. E. Burnside, then commander of the Department of Ohio, regarded these demonstrations of Mr. Vallandigham and his friends as intended to afford aid and comfort to the enemy; and, as the city of Cincinnati. as well as Southern Ohio and the adjacent States, was in some peril from the raids of the Confederates. he deemed it, to be his duty to suppress these demonstrations. and accordingly issued an order declaring that persons within the lines that were found committing certain specified acts for the benefit of the enemy should be tried as spies and traitors, and also said that the habit of expressing sympathy for the enemy would no longer he tolerated in the department. Mr. Vallandigham replied to this order on May ist in a violent speech and Gen. Burnside ordered his arrest. He was taken to Cincinnati. and, though he issued an appeal to his adherents, was tried by court-martial. convicted and sentenced to close confinement during the war. President Lincoln changed the sentence to banishment across the lines. This affair occasioned much discussion both in public assemblies and in the press. With scarcely an exception, Democratic newspapers denounced the whole transaction. Republican papers generally, however and some of those published by "War Democrats." maintained that the necessities of the case justified the measure. His reception across the lines not being to his liking—he having given the assurance to the leaders of the Rebellion that they would succeed if only their armies could hold out until another election. when the Democrats would sweep the Republican administration from power and make peace—Mr. Vallandigham made his way to Bermuda and thence to Canada, where he remained for some time. While thus in exile he was nominated for Governor by the Democratic party in Ohio. W. W. Armstrong. the veteran journalist, who had been a fellow-townsman of Val- AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 243 244 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 245 landigham in New Lisbon, wrote a vivid sketch of the famous campaign of 1863 for the Cincinnati Enquirer some years after. Armstrong wrote: "The conservative Democrats did not desire to nominate Vallandigham for Governor but his arrest, trial by military commission , and his banishment excited every radical and ultra peace Democrat in the State, and they rallied in their strength at all the county conventions and captured the delegates. One radical can always be counted upon to do more work than ten moderate men. The day before the convention assembled the city of Columbus was invaded by thousands of Democrats. bitter. assertive and defiant in their determination that, come what would. they would defy Order No. 38; and exercise what they claimed to be their constitutional right of free speech. Convention day came. and with it delegation after delegation, with bands of music. flags flying, hickory bushes waving, from every section of the State. Great processions. with men on horseback, and in wagons. crowded the streets. and the sidewalks were black with excited men. No hall in the city was large enough to contain one-tenth of the hold Democracy present who desired to attend the convention. It was held on the east front of the State House, in the open air. Ex-Governor Medill. of Lancaster, Ohio. was chosen president of the convention ; and Medill could hold no check on the extravagant demonstration in favor of the 'Man in Exile.' Vallandigham was nominated by acclamation. "The Democratic State Convention was held in the second week of June. and two weeks later the Republican State Convention met. John Brough was brought out in opposition to Governor Todd, who was a candidate for nomination for a second term. Brough received the nomination by a small majority. * * * * Brough was a great popular orator. He had a sledge-hammer style about him that made him very powerful. * * * Both parties having placed their candidates in the field, there opened a campaign which, for excitement. for rancor and for bitterness. will. I hope, never again be paralleled in this coun try. Vallandigham in exile in Canada. the command of his forces was given George E. Pugh, candidate on the ticket with Vallandigham for Lieutenant Governor. while Brough in person led the Republican cohorts. Every local speaker of any note joined in the battle of words, and 'Order No. 38. was 'cussed and discussed by day and by right, from the Ohio River to the lake, and from the Pennsylvania to the Indiana line, before great assemblages of people. The great political meetings of 1840 were overshadowed in numbers by the gatherings of both Democrats and Republicans in 1863. It Was the saturnalia of politics. * * * The Democrats in the last weeks of the campaign felt that they were beaten, but the splendid discipline of the Democratic organization was manifested by their determined effort to the very last hour of the election day." Brough's majority on the home vote was 61,927, but the vote of the soldiers in the field ran his majority up to 101,099—the largest ever given for Governor in any State up to that time. Another writer, speaking of Brough's candidacy, has said : "Although John Brough was a War Democrat, when the Civil War began in 1861, he was urged to become a candidate of the Republican Union party for Governor. This honor he declined at that time. The canvass of 1863 was held under different conditions. The Civil War was at its height, a large proportion of the loyal voters were in the army, and Southern sympathizers, led by Clement L. Vallandigham. were openly defiant. There was apparently some danger that he would be elected by the peace faction of the party. At this crisis Mr. Brough made a patriotic speech at Marietta, declaring slavery destroyed by the act of rebellion, and earnestly appealed to all patriots. of whatever previous political affiliations, to unite against the SOuthern Rebels. And then he was immediately put before the people by the Republican Union party as a candidate for Governor." The government made no objection to Mr. Vallandigham's return to Ohio. and he was a member of the National Democratic Conven- 246 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY tion at Chicago in 1864. and was largely instrumental in bringing about the nomination of Gen. George B. McClellan and George H. Pendleton for President and Vice-President. He was also a delegate to the National Democratic Convention in 1868. His death was caused by the accidental discharge of a pistol in his own hand, at Lebanon, Ohio. in 1871, being at the time but 51 years of age. THE FIGHTING M'COOKS. Perhaps no more fitting place will be found in this work to introduce the New Lisbon branch of the "Fighting McCook.” family than in this chapter: for, besides being warriors essentially, there was a large streak of statesmanship in the McCook blood. George McCook was born in 1750 and died in 1822 Mary McCormick McCook. born in 1763. died in 1833—both died and were buried in New Lisbon. To this worthy couple were born Dr. George McCook. Maj. Daniel McCook and Dr. John McCook. Dr. George McCook and Maj. Daniel McCook married sisters. Margaret and Martha Latimer. who lived. died and were buried in New Lisbon. The children of Dr. George McCook and Martha Latimer McCook were: Dr. George McCook. Jr.. Martha Umbstaetter. Margaret Hart. Mary A. Hanna and Catherine Hanna. whose husbands were relatives of Senator Marcus A. Hanna : Amelia McCook. Elizabeth. wife of Hon. Jonathan H. Wallace. and Fannie Childs. Maj. Daniel McCook and Martha Latimer McCook were the parents of Surgeon Latimer A. McCook. Gen. George W. McCook. Gen. Robert L. McCook. Gen. Alex. McD. McCook. Gen. Daniel McCook, Gen. Edwin S. McCook. Charles M. McCook, Col. John J. McCook. Midshipman J. James McCook, Mary J. Baldwin, Catherine McCook and Martha Curtis. Dr. John McCook was the father of Gen. Edwin S. McCook, Gen. Anson G. McCook. Chaplain Henry C. McCook, Commander Roderick S. McCook (U. S. N. ). Lieut. John J. McCook. and Mary Sheldon McCook. All of the children of Dr. George McCook. Sr., and of Dr. John AfcCook were born in New Lisbon. as also were Gen. Robert L. and Gen. Alex. McD., sons of Maj. Daniel McCook. Every one of the "Fighting McCooks" was a commissioned officer in the Civil ar either before its close or befoire his death. except Charles M. McCook, who declined a commission and was killed at Bull Run. Gen. Robert Latimer McCook was born in New Lisbon December 28, 1827. He read law in the office of Stanton & McCook (E. M. Stanton. the great ar Secretary, and Gen. George W. McCook) in Steubenville. and afterwards formed a partnership with Judge Stallo in Cincinnati. In the Civil ar he arose to the rank of major general, and was assassinated by guerrillas while lying wounded in an ambulance near Selma, Alabama, August 6, 1862. Mai. Gen. Alex. McD. McCook was born near New Lisbon, April 22, 1831. He was graduated from West Point in the class of 1852. and at the opening of the ar of the Rebellion was made colonel of the First Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf. He retired after the war as major general in the regular army. Dr. John McCook was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania. and educated at Jefferson College. He lived and practiced medicine in New Lisbon for many years, later in Steubenville. and died October 11, 1865, in Washington. D. C.. while visiting his son. Gen. A. G. McCook. Maj.-Gen. Edward M. McCook was born June 15, 1833, at New Lisbon. He practiced law in Kansas. and was a member of the Kansas Legislature. He entered the service at the opening of the ar of the Rebellion as major of the Second Indiana Cavalry. and at the close of the war had become a major general. Later he was United States Minister to the Sandwich Islands and was subsequently appointed Governor of Colorado Territory 1w President Grant. Gen. Anson G. McCook was born at New Lisbon October 10, 1835. and was educated in the schools of Ng1V Lisbon. He studied law in the office of Stanton McCook, Steubenville. and at the outbreak of the war in the spring of 1861 raised a company of infantry. of which lie was chosen captain. It was the first company to offer its services from Eastern Ohio. and was assigned to the Second Regiment. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 247 Ohio Vol. Inf. He was promoted to colonel and before the close of the Nvar was breveted brigadier general. After the close of the war he located in New York : although a Republican was elected for several terms to Congress from a Democratic district, and was for a cumber of years secretary of the United States Senate. Rev. Henry C. McCook. D. D.. was born July 3, 1837. at New Lisbon. He studied for the ministry in Western Theological Seminary ( Presbyterian ) at Allegheny: at the outbreak of the war enlisted as a private soldier was promoted to lieutenant and afterwards appointed chaplain. In 1905 he was pastor emeritus of the Tabernacle Presbyterian Church, of Philadelphia. of which for 25 years or more he had been the active pastor. He has written several books on the habits of ants and spiders and is the author of "The Latimers." a historic novel based upon pioneer life Western Pennsylvania. Commander Roderick S. McCook. U. S. N.. was born at New Lisbon. March 10, 1839. He was graduated from the Naval Academy at Annapolis in 1839. He did good service in the navy during the Civil ar. and won the rank of commander before its close. He died February 23, 1885. Rev. John J. McCook was born at New Lisbon February 4, 1843. He served as lieutenant in the First Virginia Infantry in the war: graduated from Trinity College. Hartford : studied medicine, afterward entered the Protestant Episcopal ministry, and later still became professor of modern languages in Trinity College. HEROES AND STATESMEN. But there were others than the McCooks and more than can be mentioned here—who, haying served their country well and truly in the War of the Rebellion, either did not live to return, or, returning, served their country and county in civil life and in the avocations of peace. Judge Peter A. Laubie. of Salem, and of the 19th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., who was promoted from lieutenant to captain and acting major. returned and served his county and district on the common pleas and circuit benches for over 30 years, and was still in the har ness in 1905. Ephraim H. Holloway. of Columbiana, who rose from the rank of lieutenant in the 41st Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., to that of brevet brigadier general. was afterwards a member of the Ohio General Assembly. Col. S. J. Firestone. of New Lisbon. who advanced from 1st lieutenant in the 19th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., to major, after his return served his county for two terms as probate judge. W. J. Jordan. of New Lisbon, who returned from the service of 1861-65 as lieutenant colonel of the tooth Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., attained to a splendid standing at the Columbiana County bar before his death. H. R. Hill, of East Liverpool, lieutenant colonel of the I15th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf.. also gained a leading place at the Columbiana County bar, and was still living in 1905. having retired from practice with honors. Col. Thomas C. Boone, also of the it5th. was an active figure in many enterprises in Salem up to the time of his death. Col. W. H. Vodrey, of the 143rd Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was, after the war, a conspicuous figure for many years in manufacturing circles in East Liverpool. The after-the-war experience of Capt. William T. Cope. also of the 143rd. has already been referred to in this work. David G. Swaim. of Salem, who had been promoted from 1st lieutenant to major of the 65th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf.. afterward served as major in the regular army. George F. Ball, of Salem. after serving in the 65th Ohio. and receiving a wound which was torture to him for the remainder of his life, served two terms as county recorder subsequent to his army experience. J. F. Riddle, promoted from captain to major of the Io4th, after being admitted to the bar followed mercantile pursuits in Wellsville for a number of years before his death. Capt. Asa H. Battin. of Wellsville. after serving in the Third Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., as commander of Company K. was mayor of Wellsville, and later practiced law at the Jefferson County bar. John L. Staughn. of New Lisbon. who was captain in the 87th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. was later coroner of Columbiana County for several terms. Capt. Hugh Sturgeon and Capt. Robert C. Taggart, of East 248 - HISTORY OF COLUMBIANA COUNTY Palestine, who served with distinction in the io4th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., were both useful members of the community in which they lived for years, Capt. Taggart having served two terms as county treasurer. (His further career of usefulness, for he still survived in 1905, is mentioned elsewhere in this works). Lieut. J. C. Taggart, also of the 104th, was still living in 1905 as minister of the First U. P. Church, of East Liverpool, in which capacity he has served for over 3o years. Lieut. Stacy Pettit, of the io4th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., was, subsequent to the war, county auditor for two terms. Adjt. William M. Hostetter, of the 1 i5th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., served the county as sheriff for two terms, and in 1905 was still an active and enterprising citizen of Lisbon. M. H. Foutts, who served honorably in the 115th. was, later, mayor of East Liverpool for a number of years. The same may be said of Lieut. George Morley, of Company I, of the 143rd —both of these men having been prominent manufacturers also of East Liverpool, and both having passed away before the close of the last century. George J. Luckey, formerly of East Liverpool, and a sergeant in Company I, 143rd Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., was after the war for many years city superintendent of public schools of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Capt. J. Newton George, of Company B, 143rd Ohio. was superintendent of the East Liverpool public schools for some years prior to his death. Lieut. T. C. McIntosh, of the same company. served two terms as county commissioner, and was in too5 still living, a prosperous farmer in St. Clair township. Capt. A. R. Arter, of Company C. 143rd Ohio, was a prosperous merchant in Hanoverton for many years before his death. Capt. William Brunt, of Company I. 143rd Ohio. was still living in 1905—being one of the most successful pottery manufacturers of East Liverpool. Capt. George W. Gibbs, First Lieut. Jesse H. Lemmon and Second Lieut. Jonathan R. Oliphant, all of Salem. had honorable records as officers of Company D. 143rd Ohio; Lieutenant Oliphant. who is still living, having served efficiently as assessor of his ward in Salem. Sergt. L. C. Dallas. of the 143rd, was postmaster of Salineville for a number of years before his death. Sergt. Norman B. Garrigues, of Salem, who, while in the service was for some time on Gen. John C. Fremont's body-guard, was subsequently auditor of Columbiana County for two terms. Daniel W. Firestone, of the 86th Ohio, and William G. Bently, of the 1o4th Ohio, each served Columbiana County as treasurer for two terms subsequent to the close of the war. Martin L. Edwards, of Salem, had a very honorable war record. He was promoted from sergeant of Company C. i ith Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., to 14 lieutenant, and served as captain, and was still engaged in the machine business in Salem in 1905. Lieut. Henry C. Jones, who served in the 12th Ohio Cavalry, was a practicing lawyer in Salem for many years after the war, and died about the beginning of 1904. Hon. John M. Dickinson, of Lisbon, was a member of the 84th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf. ; subsequent to the war, he was a member of the Ohio Senate in sessions of 1882 and 1884, and was mayor of New Lisbon from 1869 to 188i. He was still a practicing attorney at the Columbiana County bar in 1905. Lieut. Calvin L. Starr. of the Third Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., and Sergt. Thomas C. Starr, of the 78th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf., both of New Lisbon ; neither survived the war. Capt. U. . Irwin, of Salineville. died while in the service as an officer of the 19th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.; Capt. U. Bean, of New Lisbon, was killed in battle while leading a company of the 19th Ohio; Charles Brever, of New Lisbon. also a member of the l9th Ohio. was killed in battle; and Second Lieut. Freeman Morrison, of New Lisbon, a member of the 76th Regiment, Ohio Vol. Inf.. was killed while in the service. Sergt. Thomas J. Walton ( promoted to lieutenant) and A. William Meldrum, both of Salem, and both of whom served in the 19th Regiment. Ohio Vol. Inf., claimed to he the first men in the county to enlist for the War of the Rebellion. J. B. Kirk, living in Lima. Ohio, in 1905. set up a similar claim. he being at the time of the breaking out of the war, a resident of Salem, and enlisting also for the 19th Ohio. AND REPRESENTATIVE CITIZENS - 249 But time and space would fail to mention a tithe of these worthy examples. Peace hath her victories No less renowned than war ; And so the noble defenders of the 'Union, in the memorable struggle of 1861-65, were in very many cases the better fitted, by the experience of those years, for the pursuits of peace.