(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 432 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. CHAPTER XI. BY CHARLES. D. DICKINSON. MILITARY HISTORY-EARLY MILITIA-WAR WITH MEXICO-WAR OF THE REBELLION-REGIMENTS IN WHICH COLUMBIANA COUNTY MEN WERE CONSPICUOUS-OTHER MILITARY ITEMS. MILITARY history of this county should include a sketch 0f all who participated in the war f the revolution and afterward became residents of our county, and there were no doubt quite a number of such located here, but it seems almost impossible to get any definite information concerning those heroes of the past and it is thought better to omit, than to give an imperfect and incomplete mention of them on these pages, so this article will begin with the Militia.—The Columbiana county militia were first mustered in 1806, in the spring of which year the first battalion, under Maj. Lewis Kinney, assembled on the farm owned by Jonah Robinson, located on the Georgetown road, and on the west side of the west fork of Beaver creek, where musters were held for many years. The first muster of the second battalion under Maj. John Taggart, took place on the farm of Matthias Lower in Fairfield township about three miles southeast f the present village of Columbiana. This farm is the one on which the first supreme and common pleas courts were held in the county. Many who were originally officers in the militia or were promoted to such positions afterward, became prominent in various capacities, civil and military. Brig. Gen. Robert Simison became Associate Judge; Lieut. Col. Reasin Beall, Brigadier General, Clerk f the Court, Treasurer, and Recorder; Maj. Lewis Kinney served in the state senate from 1808 to 1813; Maj.. John Taggart, who lived in Unity township near the present village of East Palestine became state senator in 1806-07; Capt. Israel Warner was a captain in the war of 1812, and marched a company to the northern frontier; Lieut. Jacob Gilbert became captain, and Ensign Lindsey Cannon a lieutenant in the war of 1812, as did also David Graham. Lieut. Peter Musser was afterward Brigadier General, a major in the war of 1812, and a member of the House of Representatives in 1821— 22; Dr. Horace Potter, surgeon, was afterward Clerk of the Court of common pleas, and Maj. Thomas Rowland, the first COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 433 Quartermaster, who was subsequently county treasurer,— marched a company of volunteers to the relief of Gen. Hull in 1812, and afterward having received the appointment of captain in the United States. infantry, enlisted a company and again marched to the relief of the frontier; Fisher A. Blockson, clerk of the regiment, became a representative in the General Assembly in 1826 and served until 1828, and again served from 1831 to 1833. He was also a senator in that body from 1847 to 1851, and for several years served as prosecuting attorney for the county. On March 28, 1809, a call was made by the governor of Ohio, through Maj. Gen. Wadsworth, upon Brig. Gen. Beall to take effectual measures to arm and equip, according to law one hundred and forty-four of the militia f his brigade, and hold in readiness to march, at a moment's warning, to meet some great national emergency, This emergency having passed, an order was issued by Maj. Gen. Wadsworth, dated Canfield, June 8, 1809, in which the troops were discharged, with the thanks of president of the United States, "to those volunteers whose patriotism induced them to volunteer their services in defense f the liberties of their country." And Maj. Gen. Wadsworth congratulated the detachment on the happy change in our foreign relations which had made their services unnecessary. The muster days mentioned above were gala days among the early settlers of this county; and for many years almost the entire population regarded the day of general muster as a holiday only second to Independence Day. Upon those occasions, the people, men, women and children, went many miles in wagons, on horseback or afoot to the scene of the drill and parade, carrying with them their provisions, and in many instances, if living at some distance, they would not return to their homes for a day or two after the muster. Those were the days of ginger bread, cider and small beer, and in many cases, as distilleries were plentiful, the doughty warriors attacked King Alcohol, and — were vanquished. Trials of strength and skill between the local champions of the different localities always occurred at those gatherings, and a feud engaged in on one muster day was almost invariably carried over to and renewed at the next annual muster. Each militia company vied with the others in the adoption of some special uniform distinguishing that company from all the rest, and all attempted some new special drill or evolution to dazzle the beholders. A mention of muster day in the presence of any of our oldest citizens is sure to bring up a reminiscence of some particular muster day, of some particularly interesting circumstance which occurred at one f those old-time meetings when the gray haired relator of the occurrence was probably only a child. In many a musty old chest in a quiet farm house in the 28—A. 434 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. country may be found the remains of a once gaudy militia uniform, with lace all tarnished, buttons gone, and the once shining epaulets peering through a shroud of rust and dust. But the organized militia of Columbiana county were not all " fuss and feathers," and their organization was not effected for the mere purpose of posing before the admiring gaze of open mouthed rustics. They were " made of sterner stuff," and were several times called into active service, and always responded nobly to the call. Whether to meet the "great national emergency" in 1809—all accounts of which " emergency" seem now to be lost in obscurity — to stand by the stars and stripes in the war against the British invaders in 1812, or again in the Mexican war, the citizen soldiers of the county were not summoned in vain. On the 18th day of June, 1812, war was declared between the United States and Great Britain, and soon afterwards Capt. Thomas Rowland raised a company of volunteers and marched to join Gen. Hull at Detroit, encamping the first night at the barn on the old Stuck farm, a mile west of New Lisbon, then owned by Gen. Beall. When the company arrived at the river Raisin, thirty miles from Detroit, intelligence reached them of Hull's surrender, and soon a demand was made by the British for the surrender of Capt. Rowland and his company. To this they refused to accede, retreated and returned home. A letter from Rev. Father E. W. J. Lindesmith, chaplain U. S. army at Ft. Keogh, Montana, is of interest in connection with the published reports of this expedition. After recounting the fact that Joseph Lindesmith (the great-grandfather of Rev. Lindesmith) had served as a bugler and fifer and bore arms for seven years in the revolutionary War, from Pennsylvania, and died near Dungarmon in Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1817, leaving a widow who survived him twenty years, and four sons and one daughter, viz.: Daniel, Jacob, John, Peter and Elizabeth, Rev. Lindesmith says: "In the war f 1812-14 Daniel Lindesmith of West Fork creek, was a member of Capt. William Pritchard's mounted company, second rifle regiment of New Lisbon, Ohio. He rode his own horse, carried, his deer rifle and played the fife. He died in 1833, on his farm five miles west of New Lisbon." A mounted company was organized in New Lisbon about that date known as Capt. Daniel Harbaugh's company of light dragoons, and on that company's muster-roll of September, 1812, appears the name of Daniel Lindesmith as trumpeter. Whether Capt. Daniel Harbaugh was succeeded by Capt. William Prichard, we do not know, but William Prichard's name does not appear at all on the muster roll of that date. Rev. Lindesmith further says that "John and Peter Lindesmith be longed to the infantry from Columbiana county in that war. COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 435 They were fifers and armed with their own buck rifles. These brave men belonged to Gen, Hull's command in the campaign through Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, but, for patriotic reasons, were not included in Hull's treacherous surrender. The circumstance was this: Several of the bravest officers became aware of Hull's traitorous deign, and to escape being surrendered, they reported that Indians were scalping citizens of a certain place, and volunteered with a number of picked . men to go to their rescue, and thus escaped falling into the hands of Gen. Brock, the British commander. John Lindesmith died in 1831; Peter Lindesmith died in 1845, on their farms near Dungannon, in Columbiana county, Ohio,. " Maj. Gen. Wadsworth; who resided in Canfield, in what is now known as Mahoning county, Ohio, upon the receipt of the information f Hull's surrender, sent an express to Brig. Gen. Beall, which arrived at New Lisbon about midnight on Sunday, the 23rd of August, 1812, Gen. Beall having surrendered August 15, 1812. Gen. Beall, immediately upon receipt of the information, aroused all the inhabitants of the town, and a meeting was held at a hotel kept where the late C. L. Frost lately kept a grocery and where his widow now resides. Messengers were appointed to arouse the militia, and to notify the various captains of militia companies and their commands, to meet in New Lisbon about Tuesday or Wednesday following. The county was thoroughly aroused and a large attendance of militia took place, the town being filled with a great number of people, and great excitement prevailed during the time, the greatest being in and around the stone house on. Washington street, then kept as a hotel, the arms f the militia being deposited in a log house which stood on the west side of the same lot, and but a few feet from the stone House. Fisher A. Blocksom was appointed, and immediately started as an express to Beavertown. On his arrival, however, he found the news of Hull's surrender had already reached there, and they were holding a meeting to take active measures to arouse the people of Beaver county, Pa. By Friday the militia were ready to march, and left New Lisbon; one company of volunteers commanded by Capt. William Foulks, and a company of cavalry commanded by Capt. Daniel Harbaugh. While the excitement was at its highest point, a horseman suddenly appeared from the direction of Hanover, and announced the Indians coming, slaying and scalping in their course. The alarm became so great that a number of families hastened away with their effects, most of whom passed down the west fork of little Beaver and crossed the Ohio line into Pennsylvania. The rider proved a false messenger, there being no occasion for the alarm. By a singular coincidence, a similar scene occurred at the same place just about fifty-one years after that 436 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OH0 VALLEY. date, at the time of the famous "Morgan raid" thr0ugh Ohio in 1863, an account of which will be given hereafter. During the war of 1812, five or six companies of volunteers and enlisted men, and three or four companies of drafted militia were furnished by the county for the defense of the frontier. Besides those already mentioned were companies of volunteers commanded by Capts. John Ramsey, and Israel Warner, and companies of drafted men commanded by Capts. Jacob Gilbert, Joseph Zimmerman, William Blackburn and Martin Sitler, the regimental officers being Col. Hindman, Majs. Peter Musser and Jacob Frederick. Maj. Frederick was a representative in 1811, and Capts. Foulks, Harbaugh and Blackburn at a later date. Subsequent to the return home from Raisin river of Capt. Thomas Rowland and his first company of volunteers, he was appointed captain of the seventeenth regiment, United States army, and in the latter part of the spring of 1813, raised a second company at New Lisbon. The following is a copy of his advertisement for recruits: "Young men of courage, enterprise and patriotism, —your country calls you to the field to assist in vigorously prosecuting a war which has been entered into, where every honorable means to avert it have failed. The encouragement given to soldiers is greater than has been known before. Every able bodied soldier who shall enter the service for twelve months shall receive sixteen dollars bounty and eight dollars per month with clothing and rations. Step forward with cheerfulness and to tender your country your service for a few months, to assist in bringing to an honorable issue a war which a contrary course might protract for years." " THOMAS ROWLAND, Capt. 17th Regiment U. S. Army." The company was raised and marched to Sandusky July 16, 1813. A few days previous to its departure many of the relatives of the young men who had enlisted endeavored to obtain their release, even after they had received their bounty, and, acting on the counsel of a lawyer named Reddick, many writs of habeas corpus for their discharge were issued. To prevent the writs being served on him, Capt. Rowland marched his company out of the village in the form of a hollow square, with himself and music in the center, and in this order traveled an entire day. Reddick followed to Cleveland, when an order, issued for his arrest by Col. Ball, caused his sudden departure the following night. The muster-roll of Capt. Rowland's companies have not been preserved, and it is impossible to ascertain how long the last company remained in the service. After the close of the war of 1812, the militia of the county continued its organization for many years and as late as 1844. COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 437 Wellsville boasted of one of the finest militia companies known as the Wellsville Light Artillery, under command of Capt. Henry Cope. This company had fifty-one men on its muster-roll, carried a twelve-pounder Napoleon gun, and paraded in a showy uniform consisting of red coats, white pants and stiff hat with a brilliant plume. They are said to have made a very imposing display when out on dress parade, and during the company's eight years' existence, from 1844 to 1852, their red coats and white pants glistened at general musters, Independence day celebrations, parades and on other public occasions. It was while in camp at New Lisbon, that the company received orders to prepare for active service in the campaign against Mexico. Arrangements were immediately made for a departure for the seat of war, but just then peace was declared and the company lost a chance to win glory on the field of battle. Before the days of the artillery company and during the time of its existence, Judge J. A. Riddle commanded a cavalry company of the state militia, with the headquarters at Wellsville. In 1858, Capt. Henry Cope organized the Wellsville Guards, with A. H. Battin as first lieutenant; James T. Smith, second lieutenant; and J. H. H. Hunter, third lieutenant. Upon the breaking out of the war of the rebellion, in 1861, the entire command, with one exception, enlisted in the service, and went out under the three months' call, in Company K, Third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. During the war of 1812, the volunteer companies and the regularly organized militia of the county were so closely allied in all their movements that it has been deemed unnecessary to mention them separately, hence they are all included under the head of county militia. After the Mexican war, the interest in local military organizations gradually died out, and for some years prior to the rebellion in 1861, we have no definite record f any military body except the Wellsville Guards, whose career has just briefly been mentioned. Company E, Eighth Regiment Ohio State This company was organized October 15th, 1875, by Col. Hugh Laughlin, at East Palestine, Columbiana county, as an independent company, and named the Palestine Grays. Col. Laughlin was the first captain of this company. It was mustered into the state service in the tenth regiment in the year 1876, and in 1880 the tenth regiment was disbanded, and Company E transferred to the eighth regiment, where it still remains. Capt. Laughlin was succeeded by W. T. Hamilton, who resigned April 10th, 1887, and was succeeded by S. M. Hoon, by virtue of an election held April 17th, 1887. This is the only militia company in the county; and makes its headquarters in a very pleasant armory erected for its use at East Palestine. 438 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. War with Mexico.— The causes of the war with Mexico will be given here in very brief form. Texas, formerly a part of Mexico, had maintained an independent position from 1836 to 1845, and by desire of its citizens became one of the states of the Union. Its independence had not been recognized by the Mexican government, and its annexation to the United States was regarded by that government as an encroachment on its rights. Two days after the inauguration of James K. Polk as president of the United States, Gen. Almonte, Mexican minister at Washington, on behalf of Mexico, declaring the annexation "an act of oppression the most unjust to be found in the annals of history," asked for and received his passports and left the capital, and diplomatic relations between the two governments ceased. Both made preparations for war when Texas was admitted to the Union July 4, 1845. The first message of President Polk contained a lengthy discussion of the Texas question, and he informed Congress that " Mexico had been marshaling and organizing armies, issuing proclamations, and avowing the intention to make war on the United States, either by open declaration, or by invading Texas." He had, therefore, " deemed it proper; as a precautionary measure, to order a strong squadron to the coast of Mexico, and to concentrate an efficient military force on the western frontier of Texas." The majority of the people of Ohio were opposed to the course of the administration in inaugurating and carrying out the measures which precipitated the Mexican war. The vexed question of slavery was largely entered into. Iowa and Florida — the one a free state and the other a slave state had been the last admitted into the Union, and the " balance of power" which the two sections of the country watched with jealous eyes was thought to be nicely adjusted. It was certain that Texas would become a slave state. The whig party in the northern and western states held that a war to annex Texas could only be founded on the doctrine of the extension of slavery, and the eloquent and gifted son of Ohio, "Tom " Corwin, then a member of the United States senate from this state, in thrilling tones voiced the sentiment of the citizens of his state when he said: " Were I a citizen of Mexico, I would welcome the American soldiers with bloody hands, to hospitable graves." Of the party which affiliated with the southern states in politics, and cared not " whether slavery was voted up or voted down," the most of them felt that the war was unnecessary and undesirable. The formal declaration of war on the part of the United States was made May 13, 1846, and on the part of the government of Mexico, on the 23d of the same month. COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 439 While the majority of Ohio's citizens was opposed to the declaration of war, yet their patriotic feelings were aroused when the conflict became .inevitable; and although having its soldiers in every part of the regular service, it sent out as many volunteers, in proportion to its population, as any state of the Union. From Monterey to Chepultapec they shared in that brilliant record, where not one defeat was sustained, and the victories were always against great odds. It is a lasting shame to the state of Ohio, that no record has been made or attempted to be made, of the part her gallant sons took in that memorable war. The records of Ohio in the Mexican war, are lost among the records at Washington. In the adjutant general's office at Columbus is only one worn, ragged, illegible muster-roll of a part of one company. In the roster of Ohio soldiers, published by authority of a resolution adopted by the legislature on May 15, 1884, nine volumes of which, beginning with volume II., are now in print, the roster commission says, " The records of the war with Mexico now in possession f the adjutant general of Ohio, are so incomplete, and the difficulty of securing missing rolls from the war department at Washington so great, that no effort has been made to prepare a roster of Ohio soldiers in that war, it being thought advisable to postpone that work until after the roster of the war of the rebellion is completed." A number of the residents of Columbiana county participated in this war, but owing to the condition of the records, it is impossible to give any account of any regularly organized company from this county, if any such there was, who took part in the struggle. After years of peace and prosperity, after the arts of war had long been forgotten, and many of the actors in the former battles for our flag had answered the last roll call of the grim captain Death, the fierce storm cloud of battle hovered again over our land, and broke upon us with all its terrors when the War of the Rebellion begun. Of the causes of that terrible, long and bloody conflict, the most stupendous insurrection, the greatest civil war in the history of the world, but little need be said. It is a matter of such recent history that these pages need not be encumbered by any long explanation of the situation of affairs on that morning in April, 1861, when the first gun of the Southern Confederacy shook a continent. The question of human slavery had been the disturbing element in national politics for some years. Between the two extremes of the rabid, fire-eating slave-holder of the South and fanatical abolitionist of the North, was the great mass of more conservative people, who, while adhering to the tenets of their own political faith as expressed by either of the parties to which 440 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. they belonged, yet were opposed to any extreme measures. The attempt to extend slavery into the territory of Kansas, and unlawful acts of the border ruffians of Missouri, against the free soil settlers of Kansas, on the one hand, and the equally unlawful act of old John (Ossawottomie) Brown in organizing and conducting the insurrection at Harper's Ferry,. Virginia, on the other hand, he did much to augment the breach between the sections of the country. The political campaign of 1860, which resulted in the election of Abraham Lincoln as President f the United States, was contested with a feeling which showed to observing eyes, the latent volcano but illy concealed beneath the surface of American politics, The announcement of the election of Lincoln and Hamlin was preceded some weeks by arrangements for secession of several f the southern states, in case their leaders were defeated in the struggle they were making for supremacy. Immediately after the election of Lincoln was made known, a convention was called in South Carolina, an appropriation was made, enlistments began, and drills, parades, harangues, meetings and bonfires were the order of the day, and the ordinance f secession was adopted a little after noon on December 20, 1860. The other seceding states rapidly followed, Lincoln was inaugurated and, the whole country was in chaos and confusion. The action of the Southern states was viewed with alarm by the thinking men of the nation, but the great mass of Northern people rested under the impression that the attitude of the south was merely another expression of their arrogance and braggadocia. In Columbiana county the condition of affairs was similar to that in most localities throughout the north. Being, particularly in the central and northern portions, an anti-slavery stronghold, with a large number of radical abolitionists, the people had become accustomed to the predictions of disruption of the Union by the speakers of that party, and could not bring themselves to view the situation with much alarm, yet there was considerable uneasiness felt upon receiving the news of the secession of the Southern states. The condition of affairs immediately following the spirited campaign of 1860—the fact that a president of the United States was obliged for his own personal safety, to enter the capital of his country secretly and by night, furnished the theme for many anxious discussions among our citizens, but when on that bright April morning in 1861, the first gun fired on American soil by American citizens upon the American flag, caused its reverberations to echo throughout a continent, a dazed feeling took possession of the entire population. Workshops were closed, labor was suspended, neighbor hurried to meet neighbor, anxious eyes peered into others which reflected the same expression with bated breath and beating hearts was the COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 441 interrogation propounded, " Have they dared to do it?" The further news from Fort Sumter but confirmed the first report, and then a reaction took place, the feeling of doubt and suspense gave way to that of indignation. All the papers were eagerly bought and all were anxious to learn the latest news from the seat of war. The war was actually in progress and the fate of Col. Anderson and his brave band within the walls of old Sumter, enlisted the liveliest interest of every one. The blacksmith's fire was permitted to die out upon the forge while he read the news, farmers forgot their crops and assembled in the towns to learn the latest developments, knots of uneasy people gathered on the corners, and all were concerned in the fate of the nation, when, on the 15th of April, just three days after the first gun of the rebellion, had been fired, President Lincoln issued his famous proclamation calling for the services of seventy-five thousand men to aid in putting down armed resistance to the lawful government of the United States. Meetings were immediately held at every town and hamlet in the county. Speeches were made, recruiting offices opened, the shrill music of the fife and rattle of the drum, the glare of the bonfire at night meetings, the eloquent appeals of the orator, all combined to excite the patriotic ardor and enthusiasm of the people. Young men who had from infancy been taught the lesson of faith in and fidelity to America and an undivided union, and old men whose silvered locks had many years been blown about by the same breezes which unfolded to their view, the starry banner of the great republic, vied with each other in placing their names upon the roll of their country's defenders. Immature youths who could not obtain the consent of their parents to join the army, stealthily left the old homestead and even went into other states to enlist, and thus avoid their recall by their fond parents. Husbands leaving the home fireside in the evening to purchase provisions for the family, came home an hour later, enlisted soldiers, expecting orders to go into camp at an hour's notice. Fathers, leaving the cares of the household and business to mother and the children, forgetting their age and many infirmities, walked proudly to the recruiting offices, nerved with the memory of many happy years of peace and prosperity under the best government on earth, and sustained by the hope that after a brief conflict, the smoke of battle would be dispelled, and the white-winged angel of peace would soon spread her broad pinions over all our land without one state lost or one star dimmed in the constellation of our flag. Camps were formed at convenient points, and after some preliminary drilling at the places of enlistment, as soon as a sufficient number of recruits were obtained they were sent to the nearest camp, there to learn more of the duties and discipline of 442 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. soldier life. After a few weeks of camp experience, during which brief furloughs were granted to enable the volunteers to visit their families and look after such unsettled portions of their business as demanded immediate attention. The earlier regiments, those in three months' service, under the first call of the president, were not so favored, however, as after a very short drill, barely enabling them to learn the commands, they were hurried to a distant camp and from there pushed rapidly to the front. The day of departure of these citizen soldiers from their homes, was always marked by immense throngs f relatives and friends, Waiting at the several railway stations for the departure of father, husband, brother, son or lover, with gloomy anticipations of their fate, with heavy hearts filled with solemn premonitions of what might occur, which premonitions were alas so often fulfilled. Tears filled many eyes as the shrill whistle of the locomotive which should tear away the loved ones from home and fireside smote upon their ears, and after a last fond embrace, the brave boys, the hope f the land of freedom, embarked upon the cars, and mournful adieus were waved as the train moved rapidly away on its journey. To those remaining at home, the hours seemed long and dark and dreary until the mails should bring some message from the soldier boys, while to the volunteers change of scene and the busy activity of preparation for the deadly conflict served during the day to attract the attention in a degree from home and home affairs, but in the lonely watches f the night while pacing his solitary beat, the new fledged warrior found time for reflection and visions of home, and its familiar surroundings flitted constantly before him. Anxiety for the welfare of those most dear to him transformed the seemingly happy and careless youth of the day, into the solemn visaged, thoughtful man of the night. The enlisted and drafted men from Columbiana county were distributed through more than forty, regiments of Ohio volunteers, while twelve Pennsylvania, three West Virginia, and two Kansas regiments contained representatives of this county. Fremont's bodyguard, Lincoln's body guard, the gun boat service in the Mississippi river navy, the Twenty-seventh regiment of United States colored infantry and the First United States heavy artillery, were not complete without one or more of old Columbiana county's brave sons, while from Liverpool township alone, twenty-four men were enlisted in some branch or branches of the service of which we have no record. Besides those enlisted in the various other departments of the army, the county furnished ten surge0ns and assistant surgeons, one volunteer physician, one county military surgeon and two lady volunteer nurses. It would be almost impossible to give an estimate in round numbers of all enlisted and drafted men from this county, in the COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 443 war of the rebellion, as some of the younger men and boys, in order to avoid parental interposition, enlisted in neighboring states under fictitious names, while others, being employed in various capacities in other localities, joined the army where they were located at the time, and thus were not credited to this county or state, and other again re-enlisted or were transferred to different regiments in the state. It will be endeavored, however, to give a brief sketch of the several regiments to which Columbiana county soldiers belonged with the number in each from this county: First Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—The First Ohio was organized under President Lincoln's first call for troops, in April, 1861. Its nucleus was. formed in some of the old militia companies and its ranks were soon filled with some of the best patriotic young men in the state. Within sixty hours after the news of the president's call was received, the cars were bearing the regiment to Washington. However, delay on the route, prevented its reaching there before the danger was averted. Its earliest action was that at Vienna, where the rebels fired into the train, but the First, followed by the rest of Gen. Schenck's brigade — to which it was attached -- hastily debarked, formed on the side of the track, and made so handsome a resistance, that they were presently able to retire unmolested and with comparatively small loss. The First had little active share in the battle of Bull Run, but with the rest of the brigade, it was kept in good order, and with slight loss rendered good service in covering the retreat. Its term of service having now expired, the regiment was sent home and mustered out. The regiment was reorganized from August to October, 1861, at Camp Corwin, near Dayton, Ohio, to serve three years. October 31st it left Dayton and reached Cincinnati; November 4th received its arms and on the 5th left for Louisville, Ky., on the steamer " Telegraph No. 3." Arriving at midnight, it went into Camp York, near the city; November 8th it embarked for West Point, at the mouth of Salt river, moved thence on the 15th, via Elizabethtown to Camp Nevin— arriving on the following day — where it reported to Gen. A. M. McCook, then in command of the Second division of the army of the Cumberland. Soon after it was brigaded with the First Kentucky or Louisville Legion, Sixth Indiana, First Battalion Fifteenth United States infantry, and battalions of the Sixteenth and Nineteenth infantry, forming the Fourth brigade of the Second division. After marching and counter-marching through Kentucky and Tennessee, and enduring many hardships, on the 6th of April cannonading being heard, in the direction of Shiloh, the regiment made a forced march of thirteen miles in three hours to Savannah and to Pittsburg Landing, where it arrived at daylight. It took a prominent part 444 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OH0 VALLEY. in that battle, and participated in the movement on Corinth, and afterward in the battle of Stony River, Liberty Gap, Chickamauga, Orchard Knob, Mission Ridge, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca and Kenesaw, besides other lesser engagements. During its term of service the First Ohio was engaged in twenty-four battles and skirmishes, and had 527 officers and men killed and wounded. It was mustered out by companies — the last one on the 14th of October, 1864. This regiment contained five volunteers from Columbiana county, one of whom, Lieut. John W. Jackson, a resident of New Lisbon, was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. He was a brave. soldier and a gallant officer, and was greatly lamented by his fellow soldiers. Third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— This regiment was raised in the suburbs of Columbus, Ohio, at Camp Jackson for the three months' service. Its organization was completed April 21, 1861, and mustered into service April 27th. Three days afterward it had arrived at Camp Dennison. It spent the month of May in drill and other preparations for the field, receiving for arms old flintlocks altered to percussion. The term f service having nearly expired, the regiment without hesitation, re-enlisted for three years, and was reorganized June 20th June 21, 1861, it was ordered to Grafton, Va., and reported there to Maj. Gen. McClellan. It was brigaded with the Fourth and Ninth Ohio, and Loomis' Michigan battery, under Brig. Gen. Schleich. Its first engagement with the enemy was at Middle Creek fork, W. Va , July 6, 1861, and afterward the regiment participated in the battles f Rich Mountain, W. Va., Blackwater, Bridgeport, Perryville, Stone River, Sand Mountain, Black Warrior creek and Blounts' farm. On the morning of May 3, 1863, at Cedar Bluffs, twenty-two miles from Rome, Ga., Gen. Forrest with his rebel cavalry captured the brigade which included the third Ohio. The regiment proceeded to Atlanta, and thence via Knoxville to Richmond, where it was quartered in the open air on Belle Isle until the 15th of May, when the men were paroled and the officers sent to Libby Prison. The regiment was soon exchanged, and subsequently took part in the pursuit and capture f Gen. John Morgan and his rebel raiders. After performing duty in various capacities, it received orders at Chattanooga, Tenn., on June 9, 1864, to report to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where, its term of service having expired, it was mustered out June 21, 1864. Company K, of the Third Ohio, numbering 00 volunteers, was composed chiefly of men from Wellsville, East Liverpool and Salineville in Columbiana county, to which sixteen recruits from the same county were afterward added, thirteen of whom were transferred to the Twenty-fourth Ohio. First Lieut. Calvin E. Starr, a brave and meritorious officer of this COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 445 company, from New Lisbon, was killed at the battle f Perryville, Ky., and his loss was greatly deplored by all who knew him. Sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison, Ohio, in June, 1861, to serve three years. It was mustered out July 23, 1864, by reason of expiration of term of service. This regiment took part in eight hard fought battles of the war, But two representatives f this county are found on the muster rolls of this regiment. Seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—This regiment was 0rganized at Cleveland and Camp Dennison, Ohio, in June, 1861, to serve three years, and was mustered out in June, 1864, its term of service having expired, and the veterans and recruits were transferred to the Fifth Ohio. It bore an honorable part in thirteen important battles. Three Columbiana county boys have the honor of having been members of this fighting regiment. Tenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Dennison, Ohio, June 4, 1861, for three years' service. Mustered out June 3, 1864, by reason of expiration of term of service. Number of important battles engaged in, eight. Only one volunteer from this county was enrolled in this regiment, John Reed, of Wayne township, who was killed at Perryville. Eleventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was raised in Miami, Clinton, Hamilton, Montgomery and Columbiana counties, Company C, to the number of seventy-eight, having been raised in the village of Salem and vicinity, in Columbiana county. It was mustered into the service in June, 1861, for three years. On the 7th of July it was ordered to the Kanawha valley. It arrived at Point Pleasant on the 11th, and became a part of the Kanawha division, commanded by Gen. Jacob D. Cox. It spent the fall and early winter near Gauley Bridge in raiding, scouting and reconnoitering, and was in the engagements at Cotton Hill and Sewell Mountain. In the latter part of July, 1862, Company C was ordered to Summerville, to reinforce a detachment f the Ninth Virginia stationed there, and remained until the regiment moved to Washington City. On the 18th of August, the eleventh Ohio proceeded to Washington, D. C., and on the 27th was ordered to Manassas Junction. In the retreat to Fairfax the regiment acted as rear guard, distinguishing itself for " cool and determined bravery." This regiment afterward bore a distinguished part in the battles of Frederick, South Mountain, Antietam, Hoover's Gap, Tullahoma, Chickamauga, Lookout Mountain, Mission Ridge, Ringgold, Buzzard's Roost, Resaca, and several minor engagements, and on June 10, 1864, proceeded to Camp Dennison, Ohio, where it was mustered out June 21, 1864, its term of service having expired, and the veterans and recruits were consolidated into a battalion, and retained in service until June 446 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. 11, 1865, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders. from the War department. Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. —Organized at Camp Dennison, Ohio, from June 12 to 26, 1861, to serve three years. Original members (except veterans) were mustered out June 26, 1864, on expiration of term of service. Veterans and recruits' were not mustered out until December 5, 1865. The Thirteenth Ohio took part in seventeen principal battles during the war. One lone representative of this county is recorded as a member of the Thirteenth regiment. Nineteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—This regiment was formed directly after the attack of Fort Sumter, and was composed of recruits from seven counties, Companies E and H being from New Lisbon, in the county of Columbiana. By May 15, 1861, the regiment was in quarters at Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, Ohio. May 27th, it moved by rail to Camp Jackson, near Columbus, where officers were chosen. Companies A and B, after being armed and equipped, proceeded by cars to Bellaire, Ohio, the remainder of the regiment to Zanesville, Ohio,. for perfection in drill, June 21, the whole regiment embarked, with the other troops, for Parkersburg, W. Va., where they arrived on the 23d. While at that place it was brigaded with the Eighth and Tenth Ohio and Thirteenth Indiana, under Brig. Gen. William S. Rosecrans. On the 25th, the regiment moved by rail to Clarksburg, and joined McClellan's "Provisional Army of Western Virginia." On the 29th, with the advance, it made its first real march, reaching Buckhannon on July 2d, and moved thence, July 7th, to Roaring Creek, and encamped in front of the fortified rebel position at Rich Mountain. In the ensuing battle it received the commendation of Gen. Rosecrans. On the 27th of July, the regiment's term f enlistment having expired, it proceeded to Columbus, Ohio. By the 26th of September following, nine companies had been recruited for three years' service and the regiment was re-organized. November 16th it moved to Cincinnati, Ohio, and thence by steamer to Camp Jenkins, near Louisville, Ky., and thence, December 6th, to Lebanon. From Lebanon it marched forty miles to Columbia. On this march a wagoner, Jacob Clunk of New Lisbon, Columbiana county, was run over by his team and instantly killed the first death in the regiment. The regiment reached Columbia, December 10th, and was brigaded with the Fifty-ninth Ohio, Second and Ninth Kentucky infantry, and Haggard's regiment of cavalry, constituting the Eleventh brigade, Gen. J. T. Boyle commanding. While at Columbia the regiment received a beautiful silk flag from the ladies of Canton, Ohio. January 17, 1862, the Nineteenth, marched to Renick's creek, near Burkesville, on the Cumberland COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 447 river, moved thence to Jamestown, and February 15th, after the defeat of the rebels at Mill Springs and the evacuation of Bowling Green, returned to Columbia. While at Columbia the regiment suffered much from measles and typhoid fever. It made tedious marches to Glasgow and Bowling Green, poorly shod; on April 6th arrived within fourteen miles of Savannah, on the Tennessee river and participated in the second day's battle at Pittsburg Landing, and subsequently participated in the movement upon and in the siege of Corinth, Miss. On May 22d, near Farmington, had a picket skirmish, in which six men were wounded, two of whom afterward died. May 29th, it entered Corinth with the army; June 3d joined in pursuit of the enemy as far as Brownsboro and then returned to Iuka; joined Buell's column, and went with it to Florence, Ala., and to Battle creek, arriving July 14th; marched with Gen. McCook's division to Nashville, August 21st, and there joined the army under Gen. Buell and marched with it to Louisville, Ky. Leaving Louisville October 1st, the regiment reached Perryville just after the battle at that place, but joined in the pursuit of the rebels. December 26th, under Maj. Charles F. Manderson, now United States senator from Nebraska, it marched with the army in its advance on Murfreesboro, and " under the personal lead of Maj. Gen. Rosecrans, Beatty's brigade charged the enemy, drove him about three-fourths of a mile, and held the position until relieved by Col. M. B. Walker's brigade." The Nineteenth did heroic work in the battle of Stone River. Capt. Urwin Bean of Company E, was killed in this battle. He was a resident of New Lisbon, in Columbiana county, was a fearless and efficient officer and was universally respected. The Nineteenth Ohio entered the battle of Stone River with 449 men, and lost in killed, wounded and missing, 213, nearly one-half. It afterward took an honorable and conspicuous part in the battles of Liberty Gap, Chickamauga. and on the 25th of November, 1863, it "participated in the glorious charge against the rebel works at the foot of Mission Ridge, and seizing the inspiration, climbed, without orders, the precipitous sides of the mountain and aided in driving the rebels over and down the opposite side, losing one killed and thirteen wounded." The regiment returned to Chattanooga, marched with Sherman toward Knoxville, thence to Strawberry Plains and Flat Creek, where on January 1, 1864, 400 of the gallant Nineteenth Ohio re-enlisted as veterans. The regiment then returned to Ohio, reaching Cleveland on February 16th. The veteran Nineteenth went again to the front, reaching Knoxville March 24th. The list of battles in which the Nineteenth Ohio bore an honorable part,— in addition to those already mentioned— as shown by the official army register, are Rocky Face Ridge, Cassville, Pickett's Mills, 448 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Kenesaw Mountain, general assault on Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta (Hood's first sortie), Lovejoy Station, Franklin, Nashville (skirmishing in front of), and Nashville (battle of). Including the drafted men, there were 202 of Columbiana county's soldiers connected with the Nineteenth Ohio. The Nineteenth was mustered out at San Antonio, Tex., October 21, 1865, reached Columbus, Ohio, November 22d, and was discharged at Camp Chase, Ohio, November 25, 1865. Twentieth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— Columbus, Ohio, was the place of organization of this regiment, and the date from August 19 to September 21, 1861, to serve three years. After the original members (except veterans) were mustered out on expiration of the term of service, the veterans and recruits were retained in service until July 15, 1865, when it was mustered out in accordance with orders from the war department. It was engaged in twenty-three battles, including the sieges of Jackson and Savannah. This county contributed but one member to the Twentieth regiment, Twenty-Fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camps Chase and Jackson, Ohio, from May 29 to June 17, 1861, for three years' service. It was composed of ten companies inclusive of one (C) from the counties of Sandusky and Columbiana. The regiment was ordered to Cheat Mountain, Va., where it arrived August 14, and there joined the Fourteenth Indiana. The enemy, who were in large force fifteen miles distant, were active, and on the 12th of September made an attack, but after hard fighting for three hours were defeated. Two soldiers of the Twenty-fourth were wounded in this action. October 3, 1861, in an action at Greenbriar, Va., the Twenty-fourth stood firmly under a heavy fire of grape, canister and shell, sustaining a loss of two killed and three wounded. November 18, the regiment marched from Cheat Mountain, and arrived at Louisville, Ky., on the 28th, where it was assigned to the Tenth brigade, Fourth division, army of the Ohio. The time from February 25 to March 17, 1862, was spent in camp at . Nashville, Tenn., when the regiment proceeded to Savannah and Pittsburg Landing,. and passed en route the Duck river, which they were obliged to ford. While at Savannah April 6th, the roar of the artillery at Pittsburg Landing was heard. In the absence f transports, the division at once proceeded by land through the swamps, the Tenth brigade taking the lead, and arrived at the scene of conflict in time to participate, during that evening, upon the extreme left. On the 27, the Twenty-fourth Ohio was engaged all day gaining fresh laurels. It subsequently took part in most of the skirmishes between Pittsburg Landing and Corinth, and was among the first regiments that entered the latter place, and later joined COLUMBIANA .COUNTY - 449 in the pursuit of the enemy in north Mississippi and northern Alabama, encamping in July at McMinnville, Tenn. It left that place September 3d. and returned to Louisville, Ky., with the army during Gen. Bragg's invasion. In October, 1862, it was assigned to the Fourth division, Twenty-first army corps. After the battle of Perryville, in which it was not actively engaged, the. Twenty-fourth Ohio, after aiding in the pursuit of the foe into the mountains, marched to Nashville. In December, 1862, although reduced by sickness and other causes to thirteen officers and 340 men, it took part in, the battle of Stone River, and, having been assigned to an important position, held it faithfully and bravely, as shown by the casualties. Four commissioned officers were killed and four wounded, and ten privates killed and sixty- nine wounded,—ten mortally. The regiment was in the engagement at Woodbury, Tenn., January 24, 1863, and later that year moved with the army against Tullahoma, and was on duty at Manchester, Tenn., until the advance on Chattanooga. It afterward took a prominent part in the battles of Lookout Mountain, Chickamauga and Mission Ridge. After the engagement at Taylor's Ridge, near Ringgold, the regiment was assigned to the Second division Fourth army corps, and was engaged in the battle near Dalton, where it lost in killed two, and in wounded eight. The regiment was mustered out by companies at different dates from June 17 to 24, 1864, by reason of expiration of term of service. The village of Columbiana and surrounding country, furnished most of the members of Company C of this regiment, and the total number of volunteers from this county enrolled in the Twenty-fourth Ohio, was fifth-one. Twenty-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— From July 15 to August 18, 1861, this regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, for three, years' service, and the original members (except veterans) were mustered out on expiration of term of service. The veteran and recruits were mustered out July 1865. Twenty-two battles in the states of Missouri, Tennessee, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, and North Carolina were participated in by this regiment, and only one Columbiana county soldier is found on its muster roll. Thirty-second Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.-- Among the first f the Ohio regiments raised for the three years' service, was the Thirty-second. On September 15, 1861, it left Camp Dennison poorly equipped, and proceeded by rail to Grafton, W. Va., from whence it marched to Beverly, W. Va., arriving on the 22nd. The regiment was assigned to the post at Cheat Mountain summit, Col. Nathan Kimball commanding. October 3rd, the regiment led the advance against Greenbriar, Va., and during that fall were engaged in watching the movements of the rebels 29-A. 450 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. under Gen. Robert E. Lee. December 13th, it accompanied Gen. Milroy in his movement' against" Camp Allegheny, and gallantly charged the enemy's camp, entailing a loss f four killed and fourteen wounded. The ensuing winter was spent at Beverly. It was in the subsequent 0perations under Gen. Milroy, resulting in the capture of Camp Allegheny, Huntersville, Monterey and McDowell, and about May 1st was the fight near Buffalo Gap. From this point the national forces fell back on the main army at Bull Pasture valley, where Gens. Schenck and Milroy had united their commands. In the severe battle at Bull Pasture mountain, May 8th, the regiment lost six killed and fifty-three wounded, and was the last to leave the field. On the 12th of May Maj-Gen. John C. Fremont, with 12,000 men, joined Gens. Schenck and Milroy, the united forces remaining at Franklin until the 25th. The thirty-second meantime was transferred to Schenck's brigade. Under Fremont the regiment participated in the battles of Cross Keys and Port Republic, in the Shenandoah valley, on the 8th and 9th of June. Later in that month, having moved to Strasburg, it was transferred Piatt's brigade and moved to Winchester, Va., July 5th, thence on September 1st, with the brigade to Harper's Ferry and aided in the defense f that place. "After making a hand fight and losing 150 of its number, the regiment, with the whole command, was surrendered by the commanding officer of the post to the enemy as prisoners of war." The regiment was paroled, sent to Annapolis, Ind., and fr0m thence to Chicago, Ill. The regiment became demoralized, and many of the soldiers deserted, until it was reduced to thirty-five men. This small number was the nucleus of a new organization. Within ten days after the appointment of Capt. B. F. Potts— late governor of Montana, and brother of W. S. Potts, Esq., one of the contributors of this work—to the post of lieutenant colonel, 800 men had reported for duty. The men were declared to be exchanged January 12, 1863. Left Camp Taylor, January 20th, arrived at Memphis, Tenn. on the 25th, and was assigned to Logan's division, Seventeenth army corps, commanded by Maj.-Gen. J. B. McPherson. It took a notable part in the campaign against Vicksburg, shared in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson; Champion Hills and Boker's Creek. In December and January, 1863-64, three-fourths of the regiment re-enlisted as veterans; on the 4th of March, 1864, received furlough; and on the 21st of April rejoined the army with many new recruits. Joining Gen. Sherman, June 10, 1864, it was with the Seventeenth army corps in all the succeeding movements and battles, and accompanied Sherman in his " March to the Sea." It marched with the army through Richmond, Va., to Washington, when it participated in the grand COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 451 review before President Johnson and his cabinet. It was mustered out at Louisville, Ky., July 20, 1865, and the men were finally discharged at Columbus, Ohio, July 26, 1865. During the term of service of this regiment, on December 22, 1863, Company F was permanently detached, as the Twenty-sixth independent battery, Ohio light artillery, and a new Company F, formed in February and March, 1864. Columbiana county had thirty-eight men in this regiment in Companies A and F, nearly all of the number being from Perry, Butler and Washington townships. Thirty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— Organized at Hamilton, Ohio, in August and September, 1861, to serve three years. Mustered out by companies at different, dates from August 26 to September 28, 1864. Veterans and recruits transferred to the Eighteenth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry. Took part in fourteen principal battles in Kentucky, Tennessee, Mississippi and Georgia. But 0ne member of this regiment from this county. Thirty-eighth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Defiance, Ohio, from July 24, 1861, to April 12, 1862, for three-years' service, and original members (except veterans) mustered out when term of service expired. Veterans and recruits mustered out July 12, 1865. The record of battles in which this regiment was engaged numbers ten, and includes some of the hardest fought battles in Tennessee and Georgia. In this regiment there was again but one member from this county. Forty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—At camp Wood, Ohio, from August 26th to October 29th, 1861, this regiment was organized for three years' service. The original members (except veterans) were mustered out on expiration of term of service, and veterans and recruits November 27, 1865. The official army register, part V, page 116, shows that this regiment bore an honorable part in twenty-one of the most brilliant engagements in Tennessee and Georgia. Columbiana county's sons, numbered four in this organization. Forty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Andrews, Mt. Vernon, Ohio, and various places in the state from September 28, 1861, to February 1, 1862, to serve three years. All except veterans and recruits were mustered out at expiration of term of service, and the latter were mustered out July 13, 1865. Participated in eleven engagements, and in this regiment Columbiana county was again represented by four volunteers. Sixty-first Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—This regiment was organized in the state of Ohio, at large, in March, April and May, 1862, to serve three years. It was consolidated with the Eighty-second regiment, Ohio volunteer infantry, at Goldsboro, N. C., March 31, 1865. The Ohio Roster Commis- 452 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. sion says f this regiment that the records on file in the adjutant general's office are so incomplete, there being no muster-out rolls, and the difficulty of obtaining the same from the war department so great, that it is probable some errors and omissions have been made in the roster. Thirteen battles and the famous " Sherman's March to the Sea," are all the record of this regiment obtainable at present. The list of membership from this county in the Sixty-first Ohio, is sixteen. Sixty fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— Organized at Camp Buckingham, Mansfield, Ohio, November 6 to December 14, 1861, for three years' service. Mustered out (except veterans) at different dates from December 10, 1864, to May 31, 1865, on expiration of term of service. Veterans and recruits mustered out December 3, 1865. Took part in eighteen principal battles in Tennessee and Georgia. One drafted man enrolled in this regiment, from this county. Sixty-fifth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— This regiment was organized in the state of Ohio, at large, from October 3 to December 14, 1861, to serve three years, and was mustered out November 30, 1865. Was engaged in eighteen battles in Tennessee and Georgia. Columbiana county had thirty-seven members of this regiment, nearly all from Perry township and vicinity. The muster-out roll of the non-veterans is not on file in the office of the adjutant general. Sixty-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— This regiment was formed by the consolidation f two partly-organized regiments, the Forty-fifth and Sixty-seventh, from October, 1861, to January, 1862, raised in the state of Ohio, at large, for three years' service. The regiment left Columbus, Ohio, for the field January 19, 1862, going into Western Virginia, under Gen. Landor. With the exception of a march to Bloomery Gap, the greater portion of the month of February was spent at Paw-Paw tunnel. On the 5th of March the regiment moved to Winchester, Gen. Shields commanding the division, where skirmishing was frequent on the picket line, with Ashby's cavalry. On the afternoon of March 22d the regiment reported to Gen. Banks, in Winchester, and soon engaged the enemy, driving them until past nightfall as far south as Kearnstown. The regiment lay on their arms all night, and on the next morning were the first to engage the enemy. After the infantry fighting had been fairly opened, the sixty-seventh was ordered to reinforce Gen. Tyler's brigade, to do which it was necessary to pass over an open field for three-quarters of a mile exposed to the enemy's fire. The movement was executed on the double-quick, and the regiment came into action in splendid order. The regiment lost in this action fifteen killed and thirty-two wounded. Until the last f the next June the sixty-seventh endured the hardships of marches up and down COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 453 the valley, over the mountains and back again, from the Potomac to Harrisonburg, from Port Royal to Fredericksburg, from Fredericksburg to Manassas, from Manassas to Port Republic, and from Port Republic to Alexandria. On the 29th of June it embarked for the James river to reinforce Gen. McClellan. At Harrison's Landing the regiment campaigned with the army of the Potomac till the evacuation of the Peninsula, when it went to Suffolk, Va., with only 300 men for duty out of the 850 which composed the regiment at organization. It was transferred to North Carolina, then to Hilton Head, shared in the Charleston expedition, took part in the attack on Fort Wagner, and at last was relieved and allowed a few days' rest preparatory to an expedition into Florida. The regiment re-enlisted and returned to Ohio in February, 1864, and at the expiration f their furloughs, returned to the field, reaching Bermuda Hundred, Va., under Gen. Butler, on the 6th of May, 1864. From that time until the date of mustering out, the sixty-seventh was active at all times, eighteen engagements in Virginia and South Carolina being its war record from beginning to end of its organization. On the first of September, 1865, the Sixty-second Ohio was consolidated with the Sixty-seventh, the latter regiment retaining its organization. The Sixty-seventh was mustered out of the service on the 12th of December, 1865, wanting but six days of having been recognized as a regiment for four years. Twelve men from Salem village was Columbiana county's contribution to the Sixty-seventh Ohio. Seventy-Sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry.,— The Seventy-Sixth regiment was raised .at Newark, Ohio, and organized at Camp Sherman, Ohio, from October 5, 1861, to February 3, 1862, for three years' service. It proceeded via Puducah, Ky., to Fort Donelson, and was in the engagement at that place. March 6th it moved to the Tennessee river, thence up the river to Crump's Landing, and on the 31st proceeded to Adamsville and took position in Gen. Lew Wallace's division in the right wing of the army of Gen. Grant. It made with the division a forced march to Pittsburg Landing April 6th, and in the ensuing battle was continually subjected to the enemy's fire. It participated in a successful charge against the rebels near Corinth in the latter part of April, and afterward was a part f the grand reserve in the advance on that place, and after its evacuation moved to Memphis, arriving June 17th. On the 24th of July the regiment marched to near Helena, Ark., where it went into camp. Upon the re-organization of the army of the Southwest, the Seventy-sixth was assigned to the Second brigade, Col. C. R. Woods, of the Third division, commanded by Gen. P. J. Osterhaus. It was part f the expedtion to Milliken's Bend, which captured the camp and garrison equipage f the Thirty-first Louisiana regi- 454 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ment. A detachment, comprising a part of the Seventy-sixth, afterward proceeded up the Yazoo, surprised Haine's Bluff and captured four siege guns, two field pieces and a large quantity of fixed ammunition. The regiment returned to Helana, spent one week in October at St. Genevieve, Mo., and then moved to Pilot Knob, remaining there for rest and reorganization until November 12th, when it returned to St Genevieve, and embarked for Camp Steele, Miss., January 10th, 1863, the regiment, with the division of Gen. Steele, landed at Arkansas Post, and the same night "marched six miles through mud and water, and by two o'clock next morning, the troops occupied the cantonment f the enemy. Shortly after daylight they moved upon the enemy's works, and about one o'clock the Seventy-sixth charged within 100 yards of the rifle-pits, halted, opened fire; and held the position for three hours, when the enemy surrendered." During all the month f February details from the regiment were made to work on the canal across the Peninsula opposite Vicksburg. It participated in the rout of the rebels under Col. Ferguson, at Deer Creek, April 7th. Afterward the regiment, with the Fifteenth corps, moved to Young's Point, Milliken's Bend, and Hard Times Landing, and reached Grand Gulf May 6th. It was in the engagement at Fourteen-mile Creek, and at Jackson charged the works on the enemy's left, which were soon after evacuated. The regiment, with the corps, marched for Vicksburg on the 16th of May, and on the 18th took position, "600 yards from the main lines of the enemy. The batteries of the enemy in front of the Seventy-sixth were silenced, and none of his guns could be manned except those of the water batteries." After the surrender of Vicksburg the regiment marched in pursuit of Johnson, arriving at Jackson July 10th and later in the month went into camp at Big Black Ridge. During October and. November the regiment operated in Northern Alabama and Tennessee; joined Gen. Hooker in the assault on Lookout Mountain, was engaged at Mission Ridge, and on November 27th, charged on Taylor's Ridge, where it suffered severely. " In one company of twenty-eight men, eight were killed and eight wounded, and seven men were shot down while carrying the regimental colors." January 1, 1864, the Seventy-sixth went into winter quarters at Paint Rock, Ala. Before spring arrived the regiment was furloughed home, two-thirds having re-enlisted as veterans. The regiment was originally 962 strong, had been reduced to less than 300. Returning to the camp at Paint Rock, the regiment proceeded to Chattanooga, May 6th, moved through Snake creek gap on the 9th, the evening f the 14th charged the enemy near Resaca, and participated in the repulse of Hardee's corps on the 28th. In June the regiment moved to New Hope Church, thence COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 455 to Acworth and Kenesaw Mountain, Rossville and Decatur, arriving within four miles of Atlanta, on the 20th of July. Thereafter it was in constant action through Georgia and the Carolinas, reaching Washington May 23, 1865, where it shared in the grand review, then proceeded to Louisville, Ky., where it mustered out, thence to Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged July 24th, 1865. " This regiment participated in forty-four battles; moved 9,625 miles on foot, by rail and by water; and passed through the rebellious states of Kentucky, Missouri, Arkansas, Tennessee, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina and Virginia; 241 men were wounded in battle; 351 died on the field or in the hospitals; and 222 carry scars as evidence of their struggle with the enemy." Company F, 110 men of this regiment went from New Lisbon, this county. Seventy-eight Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—From October 24, 1861, to January 16, 1862, this regiment was organized to serve three years, the organization was effected in the state of Ohio, at large, the majority of Company I were from Columbiana county. The company was recruited in December, 1861, and organized January 11, 1862, at Zanesville, Ohio, under the command f M. D. Leggett, the company left the state, and arrived at Fort Donelson, February 15, 1862, while the battle at that place was in progress, from Paducah, Ky., the regiment marched nearly all they way to Grand Gulf, Miss., passing through Tennessee, Mississippi, Lousiaina, Alabama, Georgia, North and South Carolina and Virginia. It took an active part in all the bloody battles in the west under Grant, and afterward under Gen. Sherman, beginning with Shiloh and Corinth and the campaign following. It commenced the winter campaign under Gen. Grant in the interior of Mississippi. It crossed the Mississippi river below Grand Gulf, and did its full share of the fighting in the battles of Port Gibson, Raymond, Jackson, Champion's Hill, Blark River and, and in the forty-two days' siege of Vicksburg. After the surrender of Vicksburg, it made an important campaign under Gen. Sherman to Clinton and Jackson, and a second campaign to Monroe, La. February 1, 1864, it commenced the long and most destructive campaign 0f the war — through central Mississippi to its extreme eastern boundary. March 10th, 1864, the regiment started from Vicksburg for home, on veteran furlough, having re-enlisted as veterans January 5, 1864. May 7th it left Columbus, Ohio, for Georgia, marching from Clifton, Tenn., to Rome, Ga., via Huntsville, Ala., thence to Big Shanty, where it took an important part in all the hard fought conflicts of the Atlanta campaign. After three weeks' rest, the regiment on the campaign in northern Alabama in pursuit of the rebel Gen. Hood. It returned to 456 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Atlanta, and November 13, 1864, entered on the greatest campaign' on record --- through Georgia to Savannah, a march of thirty-seven a days, thence to Beaufort, S. C., Columbia, Washington, D. C., and Louisville, Ky. The distance traveled in this campaign was. more than 4,000 miles on foot, 3,000 by railroad, and 2,600 by water, making a total of 9,600 miles. The regiment was engaged in the following battles: Fort Donelson, Shiloh, siege of Corinth, Matamora, Thompson's Hill, siege of Vicksburg, Fort Beauregard, Bocachita, Meridian raid, Big Shanty, Bushy Mountain, Kenesaw, Nickojack, siege of Atlanta, battles at Atlanta, July 21st, 22nd, and 28th, Jonesboro, Lovejoy, Milledgeville, Savannah, Pocotaligo, Charleston, Columbia and Bentonville, — thirty-four in all—and almost numberless minor affairs and skirmishes. While advancing and making a charge upon the enemy's works at Kenesaw mountain, June 15, 1864, Sergt. T. C.. Starr, of Company I, from Center township, a young man of sterling worth and integrity, was killed. During the service the regiment lost 120 killed in battle, 300 wounded, seventy missing in action, 295 discharged for disability, thirty-one transferred to the invalid corps — a total of 816. Company I's losses during the sane period were five killed, ten wounded, ten died from disease, thirty discharged for disability, and seven transferred to the invalid corps. This company contained seventy-two men from Columbiana county. The original members of the Seventy-eighth Ohio (except veterans) were mustered out January 12, 1865, on expiration of term of service, and the organization, composed of veterans and recruits was mustered out July 11, 1865. Eighty-fourth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, on June 7, 1862, and on the 11th of the same month was ordered to Cumberland, Md. From this point detachments of the regiment moved on several expeditions, for the purpose of preventing the transportation of arms and supplies into the rebel lines, of capturing rebel mails and mails carried, and of putting an end to the operations of guerrilla bands. On September 13th, the regiment was ordered to New Creek, where an attack was anticipated by the rebel forces under Jackson and Imboden. A portion of the regiment occupied the fort in the rear of New Creek, and the remainder was posted in the village. The enemy retired without making the attack, and the company was ordered to Camp, Chase for muster-out. It was ordered from Camp Chase to Camp Delaware, when, together with the Eighty-seventh, it was reviewed by Governor Tod, who complimented the officers and men upon their efficiency, and value of their services they had rendered. The regiment was mustered out after having served about a month longer than its term of enlistment. Thirty-three. men from this county were enrolled in this regiment. COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 457 Eighty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— There were two organizations of this number; the first was one f several called out by Governor Tod of Ohio, in response to a call from the president for 75,000 men, in May, 1862, to serve for three months. It was designated the Eighty-sixth Ohio infantry, and was organized at Camp Chase on June 11, 1862. On the 16th they left for Clarksburg, W. Va. It was stationed at that point for the purpose of guarding the railroad and protecting Grafton, that town being the base of supplies for troops at Weston, Buckhannon and Beverly. July 27th, Companies A, C, H and I were ordered to Parkersburg, Va., where they did guard and provost duty. August 21st, this detachment was ordered to Clarksburg, where they remained until September 17th, when they were ordered to Camp Delaware, Ohio. September 25, 1862, the regiment was mustered out at the last-named place. Thirty-one members f this regiment were from Columbiana county. Eighty-seventh Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—This was a three months' organization and was recruited from almost every county in the state, and was ready for service in June, 1862. Columbus was its point of rendezvous. June 12 it received orders to repair to Baltimore and report to Maj.-Gen. Wool, commanding officer at that post. Arriving in Baltimore on the 15th of June, it was assigned to a camp north of and near the city, where for some weeks, Col. H. B. Banning, its commander, drilled and disciplined the men. In the latter part of July it received orders to report to Col. Miles, at Harper's Ferry. On its arrival at that place it was stationed on Bolivar Heights, where again it was subjected to the most rigid drill. It remained at Harper's Ferry until the siege of that place by Jackson's rebel army, and although its term was ended, was included in the surrender of the national forces on that occasion. When the circumstances of the case were made known, the men were released from their paroles, and the regiment sent home, from Annapolis, and mustered out of the service at Camp Chase on the 10th day of September, 1862. Columbiana county contributed sixty-nine men to the rolls of the Eighty-seventh Ohio. One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. This regiment was recruited almost exclusively from Stark, Columbiana, Summit and Portage counties. Four companies of the regiment were composed of Columbiana county men, viz.: Company G, known as the Salem company; F, known as the Wellsville company; C, known as the Palestine company, and Company K, known as the New Lisbon company. These companies were recruited in the month of August, 1862, and organized at Camp Massillon as a part of the One Hundred and Fourth regiment, and mustered into the service with it, August 30, 1862. About September 1, the regiment was ordered to Cincinnati, 458 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY, then besieged by the rebels under Gen. Kirby Smith. On the 11th of September the rebel pickets were met by the One Hundred and Fourth, and skirmished with all day, the regiment losing one man killed and five wounded. " This was the first and only blood spilled in defense of Cincinnati." Alexander Lowry, of Salem, a member of Company G, was wounded in the leg, and it was found necessary to amputate the limb above the knee. After the skirmish, the rebel army retreated toward Lexington, Ky., and One Hundred and Fourth followed in pursuit. The roads were dusty, the springs dried up, and the men, all undisciplined and unused to exposure, suffered intensely, many cases of sickness resulted from this march, and many deaths followed. The regiment reached Lexington at daylight on the 16th of October, a few hours after the rear guard of the rebel army had evacuated the place, and remained there until the 6th of December, during which time the regiment was thoroughly drilled and disciplined. Leaving Lexington, it marched to Richmond, Ky., reaching there on the 8th. The brigade consisted of the One Hundred and Forty-fourth and One-Hundred and Fourth, and the Nineteenth Ohio battery, under command of Col. S. A. Gilbert, of the Forty-fourth Ohio. The regiment left Richmond on the 27th of December and marched to Danville, Ky., which was reached on the evening of the 28th. After some slight skirmishing with Morgan's guerrillas, the regiment went to Frankford, Ky., and there remained, performing provost duty, until February 21, 1863. It remained in this part of Kentucky, watching the movements of the rebels under Morgan, Pegram and Clute, until the following summer, when it joined Gen. Burnside's army in east Tennessee, arriving at Knoxville September 4, 1863, being the first federal infantry in that place. Owing to the exposure and fatigue of hard and forced marches while in Kentucky, many fell out of the ranks and died from diseases contracted during these movements of the regiment. Up to this time Company C had lost ten of its number, and Company K seven, by death. The other companies lost proportionately. The most important places occupied by the regiment during its Kentucky campaign were Lexington, Richmond, Danville, Frankfort, Lancaster, Crab Orchard, Mount Vernon, Somerset, and Stanford. Before leaving Kentucky the regiment was placed in the First brigade, Third division, Twenty-third army corps, under Gen. Hartsuff. From Knoxville the regiment, with the brigade was ordered to Cumberland Gap, which was reached on November 7. After preparations were made for a charge, but before carrying it into execution, the rebel leader, Gen. Frazier, surrendered his entire command as prisoners of war. The One Hundred and Fourth was the first regiment to enter the works, and it received the COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 459 surrender f the rebel army and stores. The rebel command consisted f about three thousand men and fourteen guns. This surrender was made November 9, 1863. In a few clays the regiment returned to Knoxville, and soon after accompanied Gen. Burnside on an expedition to Carter's Station on the East Tennessee and Virginia railroad, and on returning to Knoxville it did provost duty for some weeks, and took an active part in the defense of Knoxville when besieged for twenty-two days by the rebel, General Longstreet. The One Hundred and Fourth left many of its members in the Knoxville cemetery, the deaths from exposure during the siege, as well as those killed in battle helping to swell the number. The regiment joined in the pursuit of Longstreet and followed him as far as Blain's Cross-Roads, participating in the various skirmishes of that pursuit, and wintered in this inhospitable region. Yet half starved, and half clad as they were, these brave men never for a moment lost their love for the old flag, and there declared a willingness to enter on another three years' term of service, but their enlistment not expiring within the time specified, they were not permitted to veteranize. Early in April, 1864, the regiment was ordered to Cleveland, Tenn., preparatory to the Atlanta campaign of which it formed a part and participated in all its engagements, being under fire for 120 days. It was engaged in the terrible battle of Resaca, and in the desperate assault at Utoy Creek, where it lost in killed and wounded, twenty-six officers and men. After sharing in the success that compelled the evacuation f Atlanta, September 1 and 2, 1864, it went into camp at Decatur, Ga., and there remained until October 4, 1864, and after marching about 400 miles in Northern Georgia. and Alabama, passing through Marietta, Acworth, Allatoona, Cassville, Kingston, Rome, Calhoun, Resaca, and Snake Creek Gap, into Alabama at Gaylorsville, it finally reached Cedar Bluff, Ala. October 28 it crossed the Coosa River, taking the cars at Dalton, Ga., and passed through Nashville to Pulaski, Tenn. November 8th it took the cars and went to Spring Hill, Tenn. November 13th it marched to Columbia, and thence to Pulaski. From Pulaski it fell back to Columbia. The regiment was engaged in sharp fighting and skirmishing here from November 25th to November 29th, losing several men killed and wounded. On the night of November 29th it moved toward Franklin, making a severe march of twenty-five miles, reaching that place at daylight the next day. The fight at Franklin was the most severe engagement in which the regiment had ever participated, and it lost sixty killed and wounded. Capt. Wm. F. Kemble of Company C from Elk Run township, this county, was killed in the battle. He fought desperately, throwing hatchets and axes into the 460 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Seething mass of rebels in his front, until he fell pierced in the breast by a rebel bullet. He fell as he lived, a brave soldier and a patriotic citizen, and as an officer beloved by all his men. On the 15th of December the regiment lost three men, wounded in a skirmish. On the 16th it was engaged in a charge with its brigade, capturing the works of the enemy, with eight pieces of artillery and a number of prisoners, not losing a man. The regiment pursued the enemy next morning, making a short halt at Columbia, and reached Clifton, Tenn., January 6, 1865. On January 16th it went by steamer to Cincinnati, and took the cars, January 22d, for Washington city. From Washington city, the regiment was ordered to Fort Fisher, where it arrived February 9, 1865. It took active part in the operation which compelled the evacuation of Fort Anderson, February 19, 1865, losing in the skirmish, one killed and several wounded. It was also engaged in the assault upon the rebel works at Old Town Creek, February 20, 1865, which involved the capture of Wilmington, February 22d. The loss of the regiment in the charge at Old Town Creek was two killed and twenty wounded. February 22, 1865, the brigade of which the One-hundred and fourth was a part, entered Wilmington. The regiment afterward marched to Kingston, thence to Goldsboro, where it arrived March 21st. It remained here until the 11th of April, when it started for Raleigh, N. C., arriving on the 15th. May 1, 1865, it was ordered to proceed to Greensboro, N. C., to receive and guard property turned over by the army Gen. Joe Johnson, and remained stationed there until June 17, 1865, when it was mustered out of service and ordered to report tome Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, Ohio, for final pay and discharge. It arrived at Cleveland on the 24th of June, and was paid off June 27th and discharged. Companies C, F, G and K were with the regiment in all its marches, and took part in all its battles and skirmishes. from Fort Mitchell to Old Town Creek. They all made a noble record in the service, and their losses by death from casualty and disease were: Company C, 21; Company F, 22; Company G, 15; and Company K, 12. The total number f enlisted men in these four companies from Columbiana county, was 431 many of whom have held important county and state offices since the war, in fact the number of members of the One hundred and Fourth thus honored, has exceeded all the members of other regiments from this county combined. One Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry' was organized at Camp Massillon, Ohio, in August, 1862, and was mustered into the United States service September 18, 1862. Four companies were recruited in Columbiana county, A, D, F and K. Company A, subsequently called the " Liverpool Tigers," was raised by Capt. Harrison R. Hill, and was composed exclus- COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 461 ively of citizens of East Liverpool. The regiment was first ordered to Camp Dennison, Ohio, to drill and receive camp equipage preparatory to moving to the front. It reported, under orders, to Maj.-Gen. Wright at Cincinnati, October 4, 1862, and camped near Covington, Ky. The first engagement of the One Hundred and Fifteenth was with the obstinate mules furnished them at this camp. Five companies under Col. J. A. Lucy, were ordered to report to the post commandant at Cincinnati for provost-guard duty, and the other five companies, tinder Lieut.-Col. T. C. Boone, reported for guard duty at Columbus, Ohio. In November, 1862, the battalion at Columbus was ordered to Maysville, Ky., under command of Col. Lucy, Lieut. Col. Boone taking charge of the battalion at Cincinnati. The latter performed provost and general guard duty at Cincinnati for more than a year. In July, 1863, Col. Boone called out his battalion for five or six days, on the Harrison Pike, to render assistance to the cavalry in pursuit of the rebel raider John Morgan. In December, 1862, the battalion at Maysville was ordered to Covington, Ky., for guard and patrol duty. Company H was mounted and gave special attention to bushwhackers and guerrillas. In October, 1863, the regiment was relieved and ordered to report to Maj.-Gen Rosecrans, at Chattanooga, Tenn. Reaching Murfreesboro, it was ordered to report to the post- commander for duty. Part f the regiment was at once mounted and sent out against the rebel guerrillas then infesting the country between Nashville and Tullahoma. In 1864 that part f the regiment not mounted was stationed on the line of the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad, in block-houses, to prevent the guerrillas from destroying it. At Lavergne the regiment had 100 men in a small fort, and the rebel cavalry, outnumbering the Union forces three to one, on the evening of August 31, made three furious charges, but were each time repulsed with serious loss. Shortly afterward, Company K (mounted) surprised and captured a squad of guerrillas, and lost Sergt. Richmond, killed, and three men wounded. During Hood's advance on Nashville, in December, 1864, block-houses Nos. one, three and four were assaulted by a large force of rebels under Forrest, and their garrison, consisting of parts of Companies C, F and G, captured. On the 10th of December, Gen. Hood overpowered the national forces at Lavergne by superiority of numbers, and caused block-houses Nos. one, three and four to surrender with a battalion of the One Hundred and Fifteenth regiment numbering 140 men. Most of these were on their way to Columbus, Ohio, under parole, on board the ill-fated steamer " Sultana," when it exploded on the Mississippi river, near Memphis, April 27, 1865. Over eighty members of Companies B, C, F and G 462 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. lost their lives in this explosion. The regiment performed garrison duty at Murfreesboro and guard duty on the line f the Nashville and Chattanooga railroad, from Nashville to Tullahoma, until the 23d of June, 1865, when it was mustered out of service. It received its final discharge and pay at Cleveland,, Ohio, July 7, 1865. The regiment, during the latter part of its service, was in the Fourth division, Twentieth army corps, under Maj.-Gen. Rousseau, division commander. The four companies, A, D, F and K, contained 493 men from Columbiana county. One Hundred and Eighteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry went into camp at Lima, Ohio, in August, 1862. In September was sent to Cincinnati. Here it was mustered into service. In same month moved under Gen. A. J. Smith toward Louisville, Ky.; at Cynthiana was detached to guard railroad — a large amount of guard and post duty was performed. On the 8th of August, 1863, it proceeded to Lebanon, Ky., and on the 20th set out on the march for east Tennessee, which occupied seventy days and was very severe. They reached Kingston a few days before the rebels cut the communication between that place and Knoxville. On December 9th the regiment reached Nashville; from there to Blain's Cross Roads. On the 29th of December they were attacked by the enemy at Panther's Creek, and fought rapidly about two hours; then charged, driving the enemy back. On May 7th the One Hundred and Eighteenth moved upon Dalton, and from there advanced upon Resaca. During the afternoon of the 14th it participated in a charge upon the enemy's works, and out of 300 men engaged, lost 116 in less than ten minutes. After a few days the regiment was in a fierce battle at Dallas, Pumpkinvine Creek. The regiment was engaged at Kenesaw Mountain, and in the final movement which caused the fall f Atlanta. After the fall of Atlanta the regiment fell back to Decatur, rested a short time, and joined in the pursuit of Hood and followed as far as Gaylesville, Ala. The regiment was engaged in the battle of Williamsburg Pike and Locust Grove. The enemy struck their line a little to the left of the One Hundred and Eighteenth. The shock was terrible, but it stood firmly, using their bayonets over the breast works. By daylight the One Hundred and Eighteenth was across the river and falling back on Nashville, where it was again engaged, and after the battle it participated in the pursuit of the enemy as far as Columbia, and then went to Clifton. On February 11, 1865, it embarked on a steamer and landed at Smithsville and moved immediately on Fort Hudson and soon captured it, the One Hundred and Eighteenth being the first to plant its colors on the wall. On the 20th it was in an action on Town Creek. At joined Sherman's army on the COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 463 23rd and participated in the final movement against Johnson. The regiment camped near Raleigh, then Greensboro, thence Salisbury, where it remained until June 24th, when it was mustered out of the service, arrived at Cleveland July 2nd; was welcomed by Chief Justice Chase, and received final discharge July 9th, 1865. One man from Columbiana county was in this regiment. One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.—This regiment was organized at Camp Steubenville, Ohio, mustered into the service September 4, 1862, sent to Parkersburg, W. Va., on the 16th of the same month, where it remained one month, drilling and doing guard and garrison duty. In October it was taken by rail to Cumberland, Md., remaining six weeks. On December 12th, it left for North Mountain, on the line of the Baltimore and Ohio railroad, for the purpose of guarding that road. During the winter the regiment was afflicted with typhoid fever and small-pox. On April 15, 1863, they were ordered to New Creek, Va.; from there they marched to Greenland Gap. Returning to New Creek, they took cars and went to Martinsburg, where they remained until June 14, 1863. This regiment belonged to the Third brigade, Second division, Eighth army corps, and the brigade was composed of the One Hundred and Sixth New York, One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Ohio, and Capt. Maltsby's West Virginia battery, commanded by B. F. Smith, colonel of the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth Ohio. On the night of June 13th, while at Martinsburg, the brigade was attacked by the advance guard of Lee's army; the whole of that night was consumed in brisk skirmishing. After a hard fight at Martinsburg, the regiment retreated to Harper's Ferry. After the evacuation of Harper's Ferry in June, 1863, the division to which the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth regiment belonged was detailed to guard a fleet of canal boats on the Ohio and Chesapeake canal, conveying stores to Washington city, remaining in Washington two days, thence to Frederick City, Md., and rejoined the army of the Potomac. Thence to Sharpsburg, from thence, after the rebel army under General Lee had crossed the river, moved to Harper's Ferry. Thence to Upperville, thence to Manassas Gap, where they had a fight, in which a bayonet charge resulted in driving the enemy from the heights. From thence they marched to Rappahannock Station, where they remained until August 18, 1863. From this place to New York city, remained three weeks. and returned to the same place. At Bristow Station, on October 11th, they took part in a fight with a portion of General Lee's army, and for many days were engaged in skirmishing with the enemy up to Centerville Heights. From there the regiment returned to Rappahannock Station. They participated in the taking of an earthwork at Brandy Station, 464 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and then went into winter quarters. This regiment was afterward assigned to the Third brigade, Second division, Sixth army corps. On April 1, 1864, the regiment went into camp near Rixeyville, Va., where they remained until the campaign under General Grant, in his march on Richmond. On May 4th, it moved with the brigade toward Rapidan river, crossing the river the same day, and took part in every engagement f the campaign, from the crossing of the Rapidan on the 4th, to the crossing of the James river on June 17, 1864. In front of Cold Harbor it was in the assault of the Third division on the enemy's works, carrying and holding them under a heavy fire. After crossing the James to the south side, they participated in all marches, skirmishes, etc., of the Sixth army corps, up to July 2nd, when it went into entrenchment at the Williams House, near Petersburg. On July 6, 1864, the regiment marched to City Point, thence to Baltimore, and on the 8th took cars for Monocacy junction, where it took a prominent part in the battle of Monocacy. After the battle it went to Washington, where it rejoined the Sixth corps. Then in the pursuit of General Early's army, and participated in the engagements at Snicker's Gap, Charlestown, Halltown and Smithfield, Va., in August, 1864. On September 19, 1864, the regiment moved from Berryville to Winchester, and took a position near the Sixth corps, and participated in the battle of Winchester. Up to October 19th, the regiment was engaged in a number of marches, and arrived at Cedar Creek just in time to take part in the memorable battle of that date. On December 4th, the One Hundred and Twenty-sixth embarked for City Point. On the 7th it moved to the front, rejoining the army of the Potomac. On the 9th of December the regiment went upon an expedition to Hatcher's Run, returning the next day, went into camp and remained until: February 9, 1865, when it went to the relief of the Fifth corps near the Squirrel level road, and again went into winter quarters. During the 3d, 4th and 5th of April, the regiment participated in the pursuit of General Lee's army, and on the 5th occupied a position facing the Amelia Court House, and on that night was detached and did not rejoin the brigade until April 15, 1865, at Burksville Junction. From there they commenced a forced march to Danville, Va., where it remained until May 16 when it moved by rail to Richmond, Va., and on the 24th commenced its march for Washington, and on the 25th was mustered out of the service. It was finally paid ff and discharged at Columbus, Ohio. The muster roll of this regiment shows but seven men from this county. One Hundred and Forty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry -May 12 and 13, 1864, to serve one hundred days. It was come. — This regiment was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 465 posed of the Eighteenth battalion Ohio National Guard, from Columbiana county, and a part of the Sixty-ninth battalion Ohio National Guard, from Coshocton county. On the 15th of May the regiment left Camp Chase for Washington city, and was placed on garrison duty in Forts Slemmer, Totten, Slocum, and Stevens, north of the Potomac. June 8th the regiment embarked for White House, Va., but without debarking it was ordered to Bermuda Hundred. It was assigned to the Tenth army corps, and was placed in the intrenchments at City .Point, where it remained until ordered to Fort Pocahontas, It was relieved from duty at Fort Pocahontas August 29th, and proceeded to Camp Chase, Ohio, where it arrived on the 5th of September, and was mustered out September 13, 1864, on expiration f term f service. Company A was from Washington township, Company B from Madison township, Company C from Hanover township, Company D from Perry township, Company F from Fairfield township, and Company I from Liverpool township, Columbiana county. These six companies furnished 529 men. One Hundred and Seventy-Sixth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry.— On the 21st of September, 1864, the One Hundred and Seventh-sixth was organized at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, for a term of one year. As soon as the organization was complete the regiment was ordered to Nashville, Tenn., and assigned to the Second brigade, Fourth division, Twentieth army Corps. Soon after its arrival it was detailed to perform provost guard duty at Nashville, and during the siege and battle of Nashville it was in the works, but with the exception of a few companies under Maj. Cummings, the regiment was not engaged. Quite a number of the men were veteran soldiers. The regiment was mustered out of service at Tod Barracks, Columbus, Ohio, on June 18th, 1865. Of this county's soldiers, 112 were in this regiment. One Hundred and Seventy-eighth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized at Camp Chase, Ohio, September 26, 1864, to serve one year, and was at once dispatched by rail and river to Nashville, Tenn., with orders to report to Major-General George H. Thomas, for duty. The regiment remained in Nashville some two weeks performing guard duty, when it was sent to Tullahoma, Tenn., where it composed part of the post command, and from Tullahoma by rail to Murfreesboro, and during the siege of Murfreesboro, by Gen. Hood's rebel forces, which lasted eighteen days. The port of Tullahoma was evacuated in the winter of 1864, and the One Hundred and Seventy-eighth was ordered to North Carolina. It landed at Morehead City, N. C., with the Twenty-third army corps, and a few days thereafter participated in a.skirmish with the enemy at Wise 's Fork. After the surrender of Johnson's army the regiment was ordered 30—A. 466 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. to Charlotte, N. C., where it performed garrison duty until mustered out of service, June 29, 1865. Thirty-one men were contributed to this regiment by Columbiana county. One Hundred and Ninety-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry was organized in the state of Ohio, at large, in January and February,. 1865, to serve one year. It left Columbus, Ohio, on the day of its organization, under orders to proceed to Winchester, Va., and report to Maj. Gen. Hancock, then organizing the First army corps at that place. At Harper's Ferry the regiment was halted by command of Gen. Hancock, and ordered to report to Gen. John R. Brooke, and assigned to the Second brigade, Second division, army of the Shenandoah. Its only service was garrison duty in the valley, marching as far south as Winchester, where it remained until August 27, 1865, when it was mustered out. Companies A and I of this regiment enr0lled 123 volunteers from this county. Twenty-seventh Regiment United States Colored Infantry was organized for three years' service, at Camp Delaware, Ohio, from January 16 to August 6, 1864. Was mustered out of service September 21, 1865, and contained three members from Columbiana county. First Regiment Ohio Volunteer Heavy Artillery mustered into service as the One Hundred and Seventeenth regiment Ohio volunteer infantry, in September, 1862, at Camp Portsmouth, Ohio, to serve three years. The eight companies of this regiment aggregated 796 men. In October, 1862, the regiment was ordered to Kentucky, where, for the succeeding seven months, it was engaged in guard duty and expeditions against guerrillas. In May, 1863, orders were issued by the war department changing the organization into the First regiment heavy artillery, Ohio volunteers, and on August 12, 1863. it was so re-organized, with twelve full companies, aggregating 1,839 officers and men. During the process of re-organization the regiment constructed the extensive fortifications around Covington and Newport. During the fall and winter of 1863-64, the regiment, in battalion detachments, was engaged in guard duty at various . points in Kentucky. On February 19, 1864, it started under orders, through heavy snow and extreme cold, over the mountains to Knoxville, Tenn., arriving there March 9. Until September the regiment was engaged in guarding the railroads through Tennessee, and subsequently participated in Burbridge and Stoneman's raids against Saltville. During the winter of 1864-65 it was constantly engaged in foraging and fighting guerrillas throughout east Tennessee and North Carolina. Forming a part of the First brigade, Fourth division, army of the Cumberland, the regiment was engaged in guarding mountain passes and garrisoning captured points in Virginia and North Carolina. After COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 467 the surrender of Lee and Johnson, the regiment saw service in North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia and Tennessee. On July 25, 1865, it was mustered out of the service, at Knoxville, Tenn. Company A of this regiment had eighteen members from this county. Second Regiment Ohio Volunteer Heavy Artillery was organized at Camp Dennison, Ohio, from June to September, 1863, to serve three years, and was mustered out August 23, 1865, in accordance With orders from the war department. The different companies, during the greater part of their service, were separated from each other, and as the official list of battles engaged in by the regiment is not yet prepared, the movements of Company G, which contained sixteen members from this county, will alone be given. The company moved to Bowling Green, Ky., October 11, 1863, where it remained until May 26, 1864, when it was transferred to Charleston, Tenn. On the 3rd of August it moved to Cleveland, Tenn., where on the 17th of the same month, it took part in an engagement with the enemy, and then moved to Loudon, Tenn. On the 18th of November it moved to open communications with the forces then engaged with the enemy at Strawberry Plains. On the 29th it returned to Knoxville; on the 7th of December it moved to Bean's Station, and thence to southwestern Virginia. The company returned to Knoxville on December 25, and moved from that place to Camp Rothrock and to Port Saunders on the 9th f January, 1865. On February 1, 1865, the company moved to Athens, Tenn., and from there to Nashville,. where it was mustered out. Third Ohio Independent Battery.— The Third Ohio (otherwise known as Williams') battery was recruited and organized by Capt. W. S. Williams, of Canton. The nucleus of this battery consisted of one gun, which was taken to the field in the spring of 1861, by Capt. Williams, and was attached to Gen. J. D. Cox’s. division, operating in West Virginia. At Charleston, after the fight at Scarey Creek, it added another gun by capture from the rebels, and served out the three months' service. The exigencies of the service required it to serve an additional three months, and until it could be relieved by other batteries. In February, 1862, Capt. Williams recruited his battery up to six guns and 161 men, and participated in the fight at Pittsburgh Landing. It took part in the siege and capture of Corinth, also in the battle of Corinth and Iuka, under Gen. Rosecrans. In the fall of 1862 it moved with Grant's column on the Tallahatchie toward Jackson and in the return to Memphis. In this campaign the men of the battery suffered from want of rations, and were compelled to subsist for some days on parched corn and hominy. The battery moved with Grant's army to the rear of Vicksburg. In this campaign it was a part of Logan's division. On the march to 468 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Vicksburg it took part in the battles f Raymond, Jackson and Champion Hills, and was in position in the rear of Vicksburg for forty-six days. It accompanied Sherman on the expedition to Meridian and had a heavy artillery fight at Clinton, Miss. On July 22, at Leggett's Bald Knob, it was engaged from if 11 o'clock A. M. until sundown. At this place one of their guns was captured by the rebels, but was recaptured in fifteen minutes. The next fight in which the battery was engaged was at Jonesboro. The rebels were driven from that point and pursued to Lovejoy's Station. The battery followed Hood's forces up to Nashville and aided in its defense. From Nashville it was transferred to Fort Donelson. After remaining there some months it was ordered to Camp Taylor, near Cleveland, for muster out, which was effected August 1, 1865. Fifty-two members of this battery were from this county. Twenty-sixth Ohio Independent Battery.—The nucleus of this organization was a detachment from the Thirty-second Ohio infantry. Its complements of men was completed by Capt. B. F. Potts (afterward colonel of the Thirty-second Ohio infantry and brigadier general U. S. V.), at Augusta, Carroll county, Ohio, in the month of August, 1861. After completion it was attached to the Thirty-second, as Company F, and served with that regiment until July 20, 1862. At that time it was detached for artillery duty at Winchester, Va., fully equipped and called " Potts' Ohio battery." On Gen. Pope's retreat, in 1862, Winchester was evacuated, and its garrison, including the Twenty-sixth Ohio battery, retired to Harper's Ferry on the night of September 11th. On its arrival there one section was immediately ordered to Sandy Hook, and about five miles below that place, where for two days it skirmished with the enemy. On the 13th the enemy brought to bear upon this section six pieces of artillery, which it withstood until orders were received to fall back toward the ferry. On the 14th a fierce artillery duel was kept up in which the entire battery was constantly engaged from 10 o'clock A. M., until dark. On the 15th the rebels opened upon the battery, front, right and left, with twenty-four guns, and for upward of an hour this unequal contest was continued, and for sometime after the white flag had been raised by the national forces. After the surrender, the battery, with other troops come posing the garrison, were paroled, and sent to Chicago, where the company was rejoined to the Thirty-second Ohio infantry, which had also been surrendered at Harper's Ferry. And in January, 1863, the battery company again left for the field, in company with the Thirty-second, and served with it through Gen. Grant's Mississippi campaign until March 16, 1864. At the battle of Champion Hill the brigade to which the Thirty-second was attached charged and turned the enemy's left, capturing a COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 469 battery of six guns. Gen. John A. Logan having been informed of the proficiency of Company F, in artillery practice, issued an order that these guns be placed in their charge, and to have them in readiness for action the next morning. Notwithstanding more than one-half the horses had been killed, harness cut and torn, and other damage to repair, yet the battery entered the column next morning at daylight, ready for action. The company was now called " Yost's Captured Battery," and during the entire siege of Vicksburg, was actively engaged. Its position was in front of the Rebel Fort hill, within 300 yards of the enemy's work. This company endured the dangers and hardships of the entire siege, and received high compliments from Generals McPherson and Logan. On August 3, 1863, the company was again remanded to the Thirty-second Ohio infantry, but on the recommendation of Gen. J. B. McPherson, the war department gave authority to Governor Tod to transfer the company from the Thirty-second Ohio, and on December 22, 1863, it was made into a distinct organization, and designated' as the Twenty-sixth Ohio battery. The battery becoming entitled to veteran furlough, and on January 1, 1864, were ordered home, where they remained thirty days, and on February 3, 1864, returned to the field at Vicksburg, with recruits sufficient to bring it up to the maximum strength. The battery was in a number of expeditions from Vicksburg and Natchez, resulting in skirmishes. The first raid (in July, 1864) made by the battery and other troops, was led by Gen. Slocum. The second was a cavalry raid from Vicksburg to Natchez in October, 1864, commanded by Col. Osband. On November 8, 1864, the battery was ordered to report at Natchez, Miss., for garrison duty. This was the last of its active duty excepting an occasional brush with guerrillas in the vincinity of Natchez, and across the Mississippi river. After the close of the war it was attached to the Texas expedition, and served on the Rio Grande until August, 1865, when it was ordered to Ohio, and on September 2, 1865, it was mustered out f the service at Tod's barracks, Columbus, Ohio. The names of twenty-seven men from this c0unty appear on the muster-roll of this battery. Second Regiment Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. — This regiment was organized in the summer and autumn of 1861, under the supervision of Hon. B. F. Wade and Hon. John Hutchins, who received special authority from the war office. The regiment rendezvoused at Camp Wade, near Cleveland, Ohio. last company mustered in on the 10th of October, 1861. Being the first cavalry regiment raised in the northern part of the state, it drew into its ranks a large proportion f wealth, intelligence, capacity, and culture. Men and officers were almost wholly from the district known as the Western Reserve. The second was equipped 470 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. and partly drilled at Cleveland, and in November was ordered to camp Dennison, where they continued drilling during the month of December. Early in January, 1862, under orders, the Second proceeded to Platt City, Mo., reporting to Gen. Hunter, and the next three weeks scouted the Missouri border. On the 18th of February Doubleday's brigade of which the Second was a part, was ordered to Fort Scott, Kansas. On the 22nd of February, a scouting party of 120 men of the Second was attacked in the streets of Independence, Mo., by an equal force under the command of Quantrill. As a result of the Second's "first fight," Quantrill was routed in fifteen minutes, losing, five killed, four wounded, and five captured. The Second lost one killed and three wounded. Early in April Minor's battalion marched to Carthage, Mo., where it remained several days breaking up guerrilla haunts, and returned to Fort Scott. The entire command soon moved to Baxter Springs, I. T. Later in June the column moved southward, the animals living on the grass only. On July 8th went into camp at Flat Rock Creek, I. T., and later in the month, the Second formed a part of a force which moved upon Fort Gibson, capturing it, and in August moved to Fort Scott. The company shared in a forced march for ten days and nights in pursuit of raiding rebel parties. About this time 150 men and two officers were detailed from the Second to man temporarily, a light battery. Six months later the detail was made a transfer by the war department, and constituted the Twenty-fifth Ohio battery. Early in September the mounted portion of the regiment, with the battery above mentioned, moved with the army of Gen. Blunt into Missouri and Arkansas, sharing in the active campaign, which ended in the victory of Prairie Grove, Ark , December 3, 1862. In this campaign the Second fought at Carthage and Newtonia, Missouri Cow Hill, Wolf Creek, White River and Prairie Grove. In November the Second was transferred to the eastern army, and the dismounted portion moved at once to Camp Chase, Ohio, where they were refit for the field. The mounted portion remained in Arkansas till December. In February, 1863, the original twelve. companies were consolidated into eight and a battalion of four companies, raised for the Eighth Ohio volunteer cavalry, was added to the Second. Early in April the Section preceded to Somerset, Ky., and near Lexington the new battalion joined the regiment. In May and June the Second fought twice at Steubenville, twice at Monticello, and once at Columbia, Ky. In the early part of June four companies of the Second formed a force, under Gen. Saunders. They moved into East Tennessee, attacked Knoxville, and destroyed a large amount of supplies, several railroad bridges and returned in good condition. Kanitz's brigade of which the Second was a part, joined COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 471 in the pursuit f John Morgan and followed the great raider 1,200 miles through three states, marching twenty out of twenty-four hours, living wholly upon the gifts of the people for twenty-seven days, and finally sharing in the capture at Buffington Island. After the raid the company re-assembled at Cincinnati where nearly the whole regiment was furloughed by Gen. Burnside as a reward for its endurance and gallantry. The second re-assembled at Stanford, Ky., and in August moved with the army to east Tennessee. It was brigaded with the Second East Tennessee, Ninth Michigan, and Seventh Ohio, cavalry. Col. Carter, Second East Tennessee, commanding. They moved through Big Creek Gap, and to Tennessee river, and had a light engagement at Loudon Bridge, where the enemy fell back. On the 5th and 6th made a forced march to Cumberland Gap. The Second fought the battle of Blue Springs, bearing an honorable part. The mounted force pushed on up the valley defeating the rebels at Blountsville and Bristol. The Second engaged Wheeler's cavalry at Cumberland Gap, and during the siege at Knoxville it operated on the enemy's flank, and after the siege joined in the pursuit. On December 2nd it fought Longstreet's cavalry at Morristown, on the 4th it formed the advance of a brigade which attacked and fought eighteen regiments for two hours at Russellville, and on the 6th was in the front five hours, in the battle of Bean Station, and the five days following was almost constantly under fire. January 1, 1864, when out of 470 men 420 re-enlisted and were furloughed. They returned to Camp Chase, and about February 16, disbanded for thirty days, and on March 20, 1864, re-assembled at Cleveland with 130 recruits. It was ordered to Annapolis, Md., where it arrived the last of March. On the 22nd the regiment moved to Camp Stoneman, District of Columbia, and by the 30th was equipped. It moved out of camp May 1st, 800 strong, marched through to Warranton Junction and reported to General Burnsides on May 3d. On the 7th it engaged Rosser's cavalry with slight loss; and from this time on during the campaign of the Wilderness it was employed in covering the right flank of the infantry almost constantly, either on picket or skirmishing. By order the Second was transferred from the Ninth army corps, and permanently attached to Sheridan's cavalry corps army of the Potomac, and on the 29th reported to Brigadier-General J. H. Wilson, commanding Third cavalry division, on the Pamunkey and by him assigned to the First brigade, commanded by Brigadier-General J. B. McIntosh, then a colonel. On the 31st the First brigade advanced on Hanover Court House, and after a desultory fight the brigade formed, dismounted for the charge. The Second occupied the center and sustained the heaviest of the shock, driving the enemy from their front, taking 472 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OH0 VALLEY. possession of and holding the crest and court house. On the next day a portion of the first brigade, including the Second Ohio cavalry proceeded to Ashland. The force had hardly arrived when they were surrounded by the enemy under Fitzhugh Lee, and an action ensued which lasted until sundown, when our men withdrew, the Second covering the retreat. On the 22nd of June the division moved on the raid to the Danville railroad. The Second had an active share in the expedition, fighting at Nottaway Court House, Stone Creek and Ream Station, losing 100 men and five officers killed, wounded and missing. Late in July it moved to the left of the army and did picket duty on the left of Warren's (Fifth) corps. Early in August the division withdrew to Washington city, and on the 13th moved to Winchester, where they arrived on the 17th. The division was ordered to act as rear-guard and hold the town till dark. At 3 o'clock P. M., Early made an attack and at sundown the division fell back. The Second battalion and two companies of the Third battalion of the Second Ohio cavalry, ,acting as rear-guard for the whole command. On the 19th Early again attacked, and after a sharp fight the division retired to Charleston, and again Early attacked on the 22d, and the Second was closely engaged. From Charlestown the army retreated to a position, inclosing Harper's Ferry.. The Second went to the right and was twice engaged with the enemy. The Second camped twenty-four hours on the South Mountain battlefield, marched over Antietem and re-crossed the Potomac at Shepherdtown. On August 30, the regiment marched to Berryville, Va. and assisted in driving the enemy out of the town. On the 13th f September' McIntosh's brigade including the Second, was ordered toward Winchester. The brigade charged (Second Ohio in front)., drove in the enemy's cavalry, and the Second, with the aid of the Third New Jersey, captured an entire regiment of infantry, and took them to Camp Berryville. At the battle of Opequaw and Winchester by four hours' hard fighting, and a bold charge McIntosh's brigade won the day, and at night, when Early’s army was retreating, the Second was the last to leave the pursuit. On the 10th the Second drove Wickham's cavalry through Fr0nt Royal, and marched and skirmished in Luray Valley until the 25th, when it joined the army at New Market. They moved to Waynesboro, where on the 29th Fitzhugh Lee attacked the command at sundown. The Second fought dismounted till all had withdrawn,. and then prepared to retire as rear-guard, when it was found that retreat was cut off by a line of rebel infantry. The regiment charged through its column and continued at rear-guard until noon next day. The Second shared in the repulse of Rosser's cavalry at Bridgewater. During Sheridan's march COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 473 down the valley the Second fought from 8 o'clock A. M. until P. M., and one day pursued until 3 P. M. On the 19th f October the regiment shared in the battle of Cedar Creek, being in the saddle from daybreak until 9 o'clock P. M., and was present on the pike when Sheridan came to the front on his immortal ride, and joined in the charge which decided the victory. On February 27th, the Second, with the cavalry under Sheridan, started on their last raid of the war. Near the town of Waynesboro, on March 2nd, Custer's division captured the remainder of Early's army. In this engagement the Second captured five pieces of artillery with caissons, thirteen ambulances and wagons, seventy horses and mules, thirty sets of harness, 650 prisoners of war, and 300 stands of arms. For this it received the thanks of Gen. Custer on the field. It had the advance of the column entering Charlottesville, where it captured more artillery. It continued to do its share until the force reached the White House on the 10th of March, where Sheridan's cavalry joined the army f,the Potomac near Petersburgh, and entered on the campaign that closed the war. Twenty-one of Columbiana county's sons were connected with this regiment, which was mustered out about September 1st, 1865, and on September 11th, 1865, at Camp Chase, Ohio, was paid and discharged. The Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry.* — The Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry was organized and mustered into the United States service in the early part of October, 1861, at Warren, Ohio. A historian has truthfully said of this regiment —" The Sixth Ohio Volunteer cavalry as a newspaper regiment has not much history, but the record shows long lists of killed and wounded and a record of battles that place it among the best regiments in the service." The muster rolls in the war department show that there were 4,265 Men mustered into this regiment; four companies were permanently detached for service in west, and four companies recruited and filled their places, which increases the number of recruits largely over other regiments. Active service began in early spring of 1862 with Gen. Fremont in West Virginia. With his army they moved up the Shenandoah valley where the regiment first drew sabre on the enemy at Strasburg. Those who served in the early part of the war 61--62, will remember that the cavalry were scattered about and used as escorts, strikers and orderlies for the generals and staff officers down to the second lieutenants, and were of little use as a distinctive branch of the army, and it was about this time that Gen. Hooker's celebrated joke went forth offering a liberal reward for a dead cavalryman." Though the duty performed before * This sketch of the Sixth cavalry was furnished by C. C. Baker. 474 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. was hard, there was perhaps some grounds for the sarcastic words of Hooker. Winter of 1862-3, the cavalry was organized in one grand corps composed of three divisions, each having three brigades and each brigade being composed of five regiments. In this organization the Sixth Ohio Cavalry took its place in the second brigade of the second division, and from that time on its history can be traced with the movements of that celebrated corps and division commanded by the famous Sheridan and the " Old Reliable " Gen. Gregg. The cavalry corps when thus organized soon took a front rank in the movements and battles of the war, and now no endorsement is needed to the soldier's bravery who served in the front, with General Sheridan’s cavalry. Company "C" of the Sixth was recruited at Salem, O.; it was the first to report at camp, always holding the proud honor of being the veteran troop of the regiment company " M," one of the new companies of 1863 was largely made up of Columbiana county boys, as were numerous recruits for the other companies; quite a number of whom are still living at Salem and elsewhere in the county. A condensed list of engagements in which the regiment was engaged and received casualties, is all our space here will permit, viz.: Mt. Jackson, Va., Cross. Keys, Cedar Mountain, Second, Bull Run, Chantilly, Fredericksburg, Kelly's Ford, Stoneman's Raid, Brandy Station, Aldie, Bristow Station, Middleburg, Upperville, Hanover, Pa., Gettysburg, Hagerstown, Md., Auburn Mills, Todd's Tavern, Sheridan s Raid, Wilderness, Haws' Shop, Cold Harbor, Trevillian Station, Saint Mary's Church, Deep Bottom, Hatcher's Run, Ream's Station, Petersburg campaign, Boydtown Road, Dinwiddie Court-house, Sailors' Creek, Farmville and Appomattox where the regiment served as Gen. Grants escort on the memorable day of Lee's surrender, after which the regiment did Provost duty in Virginia and North Carolina until in August 1865, when it was ordered to Cleveland, Ohio, and mustered out of the service—only numbering 375 men. Tenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Cavalry was organized at Camp Taylor, in October, 1862, by Charles C. Smith, under a commission from Gov. Todd. It was not ready for the field until the spring of 1863, when it went to Nashville, Tenn. They were ordered at once to Murfreesboro, where it remained until the army f the Cumberland opened the campaign against Gen. Bragg at Tullahoma. During this campaign the Tenth were engaged acting efficiently as the " eye of the army," fighting and vanquishing such rebel cavalry as it met. The Tenth participated in the battle of Chickamauga and after the battle was ordered up the Sequatchie valley to guard that country against guerrillas. The Tenth was at the battle of Resaca, under Col. COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 475 Smith, led the charge which commenced the fight, and in this brilliant dash the loss of the regiment was severe. It was engaged in all of Kilpatrick's movements during Sherman's Atlanta campaign. The " Great March to the Sea" was inaugurated, and on that march most of the fighting was done by the cavalry, and the Tenth Ohio was more frequently engaged than any other regiment, from the fact that they had a fashion of using the saber ftener than the gun. The enemy was first encountered at Jonesville, Ga., and from that place to Savannah scarcely a day passed without encounters with the rebel Gen. Wheeler's and other cavalry and infantry. At Bear Creek Station the Tenth engaged the enemy singly. Here again the saber was used. Lieut. James Morgan, of Company F was killed while leading his men in this charge. According to Gen. Sherman's instructions the Tenth crossed Ocmulgee and moved on the Clinton and Macon road. Gen. Kilpatrick fought his command to within a mile of Macon, there under a fire of thirteen pieces of artillery, the Tenth Ohio, led by Capt. Hafford, charged the works with drawn sabers and never halted until the fort was entered and two pieces of artillery were captured, but not without the loss of many killed, wounded and prisoners. The enemy was encountered at Griswoldsville, Gordon and Milledgeville. On the morning of December 1st, Kilpatrick moved his command, in compliance with orders of the night previous, stripped for fight. The national forces numbered but 5,600, while the rebel cavalry numbered from 10,000 to 12,000. The Second division, composed of the Tenth Ohio cavalry, Ninety-second Illinois, on foot with Spencer seven-shooters, made directly for the barricades. while the Tenth with drawn sabers charged on the flank. The advance squadron of the Tenth was led by Capt. Samuel Norton, of Company D, who was killed at the head of the column while urging his men to deeds of daring. The enemy was routed and driven eight miles. After this engagement the cavalry followed the army on its march to the coast, covering the entire rear, from right to left, and so completely protected the train from Wheeler's numerous attacks that not a single wagon fell into the hands of the enemy. On reaching the Gulf railroad, Kilpatrick was ordered to cross the Ogechee River and endeavor to communicate with 0ur fleet from Kilkenny Bluff. This was accomplished by Capt. Estes and Capt. Day, of the Tenth Ohio cavalry. The closing campaign of the war was reached -- that through the Carolinas. In this the Tenth was actively engaged, meeting the enemy frequently, and almost invariably repulsing their attacks. Gen. Kilpatrick frequently expressed his opinion that the Tenth Ohio Cavalry was the best charging regiment he had under his command. This county had three representatives in this regiment. 476 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Twelfth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. — This regiment was recruited during the months of September and October, 1863, from nearly every county in the state, and was mustered into the service November 24, 1863. On the 29th the regiment moved from Camp Dennison, where it was mounted and equipped, to Mount Sterling, Ky. Little transpired until the 23d of May, when the regiment was a portion of Gen. Burbridge's command, on the first Saltville raid. On the arrival in the vicinity of Pound Gap, after eight days' marching, it became evident that John Morgan had entered Kentucky, and the command immediately started in pursuit. After severe marching, with but little time for eating or sleeping, the command arrived at Mount Sterling on the 9th of June, 1864. The Twelfth was closely engaged with the rebels at this place, behaving with great gallantry, and being specially complimented by Gen. Burbridge. The Twelfth again overtook Morgan at Cynthiana, and fought with him, scattering his forces in every direction. The regiment charged through town, crossed the river, and pursued the retreating rebels for three days. On July 30th, a portion of Company A attacked some sixty guerrillas near Lebanon, Ky., killing their leader and five or six of his men, and completely routing the remainder. They were next engaged for half a day in hard fighting at Saltville, on September 20. It became necessary to silence a battery posted upon the hill. The Twelfth, with its brigade, charged up the hill and drove the enemy from his works. After this, headquarters were at Lexington, until they were ordered to Crab Orchard to join another Saltville expedition. The division under Gen: Burbridge left Crab Orchard on November 22, during a heavy snow storm, and marched to Bean's Station, and on same night the Twelfth made a successful reconnaissance to Rogersville. It did its full share of duty under Gen. Stoneman at Bristol, at Abingdon, at Marion, and as support to Gen. Gillam in pursuit of Vaughn. Then with Stoneman again, and engaged Breckenridge for forty hours, and finally defeated him. In this. engagement all of the Twelfth, bearing sabers, participated in a grand charge, driving back the enemy's cavalry, and for their work on this day received the praise of Gens. Stoneman and Burbridge. After the capture of Saltville on December 21, they returned to Richmond, Ky., where headquarters were established.. As a result of this raid four boats were captured, 150 miles of railroad, thirteen trains and locomotives, lead mines, iron foundries, and an immense quantity of stores of all kinds were completely destroyed. It then proceeded to Nashville, arriving March 6. From there it moved to Knoxville. At this point it again formed part of a raiding expedition under Gen. Stoneman. They penetrated North Carolina, attacked the Lynchburg and East Tennessee railroad at Christiansburg, Va., which was de- COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 477 stroyed for thirty miles; and they cut the Danville & Charlotte railroad at Greensboro, N. C. This drew the garrison to Salisbury, and cutting the road again between them and Salisbury, that place, with stores and the National prisoners, fell into our hands on April 12th. Moving south, they destroyed many miles of railroad, and the work seemed done. Thenceforward they assisted in the capture of Jefferson Davis, moving through South Carolina and Alabama, capturing Gens. Bragg and Wheeler and their escorts, and finally reached Bridgeport, Ala., having been in the saddle sixty-seven days. The Twelfth finally rendezvoused at Nashville, and was mustered out on November 14, 1865. One hundred and sixty-three of the members of Squadron B and Company I of this gallant regiment, which so covered themselves with honor, were from Columbiana county. Thirteenth Regiment Ohio Volunteer Cavalry was formed by the consolidation of the Fourth and Fifth independent battalions, and by recruits during the winter of 1863-4. It was mustered into the service May 6, 1864, for three years. On the 11th it joined the Ninth army corps, composing a part of the army of the Potomac, where, acting as infantry, it participated in the following battles: White House Landing, June 19; Charles City Court House, June 23; and in the protracted siege and various heavy assaults on the rebel works at Petersburg, Va. During the assault which occurred July 30th, the Thirteenth Ohio made for itself a noble name for courage and daring both by its men and officers. The regiment also participated in the following battles: Weldon Railroad, August 19, 20 and 21; Ream's Station, August 25; Poplar Grove Church, September 30; Pegram's Farm, October 2, and Boydtown Plank Road, October 27. On December 18 they were equipped for cavalry and reported to Maj.-Gen. Gregg, army of the Potomac, and participated in the battle at Hatchet's Run, February 6, 1865. On the 28th they aided in the rout, destruction and capture of the rebel army under Lee. On April 5th, at Petersville, they made a mounted charge, capturing 850 prisoners, and a stand of colors. They made a charge at Sailor's Creek, on a train of wagons, which was entirely destroyed, and 280 prisoners, 140 mules and 28 horses captured. The regiment on its return took part in a charge which resulted in the capture of over 5,000 men, including Brig.-Gen. M. D. Carse, and three of his staff. On the 7th of April it was in the advance, pressing and constantly fighting Lee's rear guard, and at noon made a dash into Farmville, capturing 308 prisoners. They also assisted in capturing a train of railroad cars, bearing supplies to Lee's army, near Appomattox Court House. At the surrender of Lee's army the Thirteenth was in the front, when they charged Lee's army and which resulted in the surrender. The Thirteenth was afterward ordered 478 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY to Amelia Court House, Va., and was detailed as provost guard for Amelia and Powhaten counties, in which capacity it served until August 10, 1865. At this time and place it was mustered out of the United States service and ordered to Columbus, Ohio, where it was discharged and paid August 18, 1865. The muster roll of the Thirteenth showed thirteen men from Columbiana county. In addition to the volunteers belonging to the foregoing named organizations, the county was represented as follows: In the First United States colored heavy artillery, one. This regiment was organized at Chattanooga, Tenn., near the close of the war. In Pennsylvania regiments as follows: First reserve, one; Third artillery, four; Twenty-third Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, seven; Twenty-sixth Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, one; Twenty-ninth Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, one; Thirty-third Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, one; Forty-sixth Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, fifteen; Fiftieth Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, one; Sixty-second Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, seven; Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, one; One Hundred and First volunteer infantry, one; One Hundred and Fortieth Pennsylvania volunteer infantry, one. In West Virginia regiments: First volunteer infantry, nine; Fourth volunteer cavalry, five; Seventh volunteer cavalry, two. In Kansas regiments: First Kansas volunteer infantry, one; Tenth Kansas volunteer infantry, One; Fremont's guard, three; Lincoln's body guard, one; Mississippi river navy gun-boat service, seven. That a number of others, not enumerated in this volume, went out from this county and took an active part in the great struggle to suppress the rebellion, does not admit of a doubt, but all record of them seems to be lost. However, Columbiana county's citizens have a right to feel proud of the record made by her brave sons in the greatest civil war ever known in the history of the world. A war that cost the country one million of men in the killed and crippled for life of the two armies. In money the north and the south had expended probably the enormous sum of $5,000,000,000. The exact amount will never be known, as the confederate debt perished with the government that created it. War, with all its horrors, is yet filled with many incidents so ludicrous in their nature as to excite laughter. An old campaigner's most enjoyable stories are frequently filled with less of forced marches, fierce assaults, stubborn conflicts, bitter exposure and ghastly battle fields, and more of the ridiculous scrapes of foragers, the laughable mistakes of pretenders, and the thousand and one amusing occurrences of army life. As such sketches, however entertaining they might be, do not properly belong to a county history, they will be omitted. But some such COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 479 matters occurring among the stay-at-homes, may afford in their recital, some amusement to the old soldiers, and their families who may peruse this volume. About the beginning of the war there were many strong, loyal, Union men in this county who were perfectly willing and anxious to fight, bleed, etc., for their country. As Artemas Ward said, they were willing to sacrifice all their wife's relations on the altar of liberty. They would fight from dawn to darkness, with wind for ammunition, provided the enemy was far enough distant; they would bleed, if the loss 0f blood was not too great, provided they could stay at home; and some even suffered the martyrdom of " accidentally " losing the end of a finger in a mysterious manner so they could avoid the draft; but few of them died and none died voluntarily, as the " silver threads among the gold " were in their favor, when they changed the birth record in the family bible so they might appear beyond the age for conscription. These were the persons, who, when our volunteers responded so nobly to their country's call at the beginning of the war, would sit back complacently and ejaculate " good riddance," and said that the " scum " was gone to the army and it made little difference if they never returned. They were the class of creatures who so patriotically toasted their aristocratic shins before their own firesides and read the news, and when the report of some terrible battle reached them, and hundreds of better men than they were breathing their last on southern soil, they would exclaim triumphantly that " we" had won a glorious battle. They were the ones who,—while our brave boys were enduring fatigue, and exposure and hunger and thirst and facing rebel bullets for the enormous recompense of thirteen dollars per month,—charged the dependent families of our patriotic soldiers war prices forever thing needed to sustain life, and a liberal additional commission for their trouble, and they are the ones who today are clamoring against the granting of pensions to the poor wrecks of humanity brought to that condition by their service in aiding to preserve the Union. As the war progressed it became evident that more men would be needed for the suppression of the rebellion and the draft became decidedly unpleasant to this same gentry, when a new solution of the difficulty presented itself to them. By enrollings themselves in the Ohio National Guard they might avoid the draft and of course they never suspected that they would be called from home. Alas for the uncertainty of human expectations. A call was made and our brave warriors were ordered under arms to report at the front. Then there was hurrying to and fro. With blanched cheeks and trembling lips, these doughty defenders of 480 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY their homes, were anxiously seeking substitutes. Their business engagements, their health or that of their families would not permit them to leave home. Bids were made to young men, like those for slaves on the auction block in the days before the war, and general consternation prevailed. The voices which had been " still for war " were now stilled for war, and any mode f egress was accepted. Many succeeded in procuring substitutes, but there were some who were obliged to proceed to the front, carry a gun and knapsack and live on army rations without pie. True there were a number in those organizations who might have made a valid excuse for staying at home, but they were the ones who where the first to accept the situation, go readily to the front and perform their duty there like soldiers as they were. No military history of Columbiana county would be complete without a sketch of the pursuit and capture of the famous rebel raider Gen. John Morgan, as the day of the capture of that noted band of guerrillas was perhaps the only one in the history of the county that witnessed the scene of an armed rebel within its boundaries. In the month of July, 1863, Morgan and his band, which consisted of artillery and cavalry, crossed the Ohio from Kentucky into Indiana. Striking a short distance into the interior, he followed up through southern Indiana, aiming it was supposed, for camp Dennison near Cincinnati. Whether he expected aid from rebel sympathizers in the north, or was only incited by his daredevil spirit of making a dashing raid through an enemy's country is not known, but soon after crossing the state line from Indiana into Ohio, his movements were followed by the troops stationed at different points through the state and his raid partook more of the character of a fleeing from the wrath to come, than of a bold aggressive movement through the north. He moved rapidly through the southern portion of the state endeavoring to effect a crossing f the Ohio river at some point where he might again return in safety to his former field of action, but as he learned that gun-boats were patrolling the river and troops were moving with a view to capture him and his force if possible, his only hope was to reach this county and cross the Ohio along its border at the most practicable point. The excitement became intense in the country occupied by the raiding forces, increasing as they progressed and became much greater by the exaggerated reports concerning them. As he was approaching the county in the direction of Salineville, most of the citizens of the surrounding country capable of performing military duty went to that point and spent the night of Saturday, July 25th, under arms. Couriers were hastily sent out through the county, and by one o'clock on Sabbath morning, July 26th, the citizens of every town and ham- COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 481 let as well as the occupants of the farms along the many highways were aroused by the cry " Morgan is coming!" The messengers added materially to the already overwrought excitement and many things were done by the people, upon the spur of the moment which in the light of after events were the subjects of laughter joined in by the actors themselves. Some had their money in such secure places that they forgot its whereabouts themselves, others would try to save by secreting them, a worthless old wagon or some worn out farming implements at the risk of losing by the delay thus occasioned, horses worth many times the article thus sought to be saved. Bonfires were built in every village and the citizens crowded around them and by their glare, organized for resistance. Boys were dispatched through the surrounding country to rouse the farmers and procure arms and ammunition, and by daybreak, motley crowds hurriedly organized, were moving toward the supposed scene of action. It was a scene worthy of the artist's pencil. In wagons, on foot, in carriages, on horseback and in every conceivable manner, were the frightened people proceeding, they scarcely knew where, armed with rifles, axes, shotguns, scythe blades, corn cutters, old muskets, picks, shovels and anything that first came to hand. Morgan was hard pressed by the cavalry under Shackleford and Hobson, and in the early morning encountered Shackleford's force at Salineville. A sharp skirmish ensued, but Morgan escaped with his forces in the direction of Summitville, in Franklin township, from whence he was hotly pursued into the township of Wayne, where he met James Burbeck, captain of a squad hurriedly organized in New Lisbon, to whom Morgan surrendered, and by whom the command was paroled, but Shackleford's troops coming up soon after, the raiders were taken in charge by them. In the meantime exciting scenes were being enacted throughout the county. From the northern and eastern portions of the county, the objective point of the thoroughly alarmed people was New Lisbon, the county seat. Gathered there awaiting orders, all sorts of rumors floated through the air. To an uninterested spectator, if such there could be, it was a novel sight. Here was a short man with an old squirrel rifle twice his length, beside him a six-footer with an old blunderbuss that would scarcely measure two feet in length. Beyond them a fat one with an old cavalry sabre dragging on the ground, next a stalwart fellow with a double-bitted axe upon his shoulder, and so on with increasing variety if that could be possible. The New Lisbon ladies prepared a dinner on the public square for their brave defenders, and many who had only eaten a scant breakfast or perhaps none at all, were voraciously satisfying the inner man, when a hatless rider came dashing up the street, his thin locks flying in the air, his fat body bouncing on the saddle and the stirrups fly- 31—A. 482 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. ing about in all directions. As soon as he could regain the breath which was jolted out of his body, he feebly echoed the familiar shout, " Morgan is coming!" and in a moment all thoughts of dinner were forgotten. The greatest confusion ensued, and the scene occurring at the same place in August, 1812, was re-enacted. One robust fellow carrying the flag with a company from a neighboring town, hastily handed the colors to the nearest bystander, and jumping into a vehicle with a friend proceeded homeward as fast as the little pony could take them. In fact it was currently reported immediately after the excitement subsided, that the pony had covered the ten miles between the two towns, up and down hills in exactly forty minutes. But a brief period elapsed until a great majority of those who went to find Morgan, had indicated by their absence, the fear that they might find him. One company had proceeded a short distance south of the village on what is known as the Hephner Hollow road, and by orders of their commanding officer, were drawn up in line of battle across the road. Presently a horseman was discerned coming around a bend in the road and this company became panic stricken, rushing up the steep hills on either side before they could determine whether the approaching rider was a friend or a foe. In their scramble up the hillside one man fell over a log and those following him fell over him until they lay there five deep. Hundreds of other equally ludicrous affairs happened, and many remarkable suggestions were made in all seriousness. While driving through a shallow stream in which the fellows on the wheels were scarcely submerged, it was proposed to cut down and destroy the bridge to prevent the rebel cavalry from crossing it, and on passing a large tree in an open space by the roadside, the very valuable suggestion was made to fell the tree across the read and thus baffle Morgan and his men. Dozens of other equally valuable strategetic moves were broached and earnestly commented on, and at the same time Morgan and his hungry, ragged and exhausted raiders were the prisoners of war of Gen. Shackelford's command. Of course, after the news of the capture reached them, these victorious warriors of a day, returned to their respective homes, happy in the thought that they had contributed so much toward repelling the invaders of the soil of Columbiana county. More than a quarter of a century has elapsed since the closing scenes of the great rebellion. Many of the active participants in its thrilling history have answered the last roll call, and in a few brief years the last soldier of that grand army which fought so nobly to maintain and perpetuate the Union, will be mustered out. Today the silvered hair, the bent form, the trembling limbs of the survivors betoken that they will soon pass from among us, leaving behind them a record of fidelity to the right COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 483 and an example deserving of the emulation f the present and coming generations, an example which combines three great American virtues, courage, justice and patriotism. The history of the Menonnite and Friend churches came too late for insertion in their proper place with other churches. Nold Menonnite Church.—In 1828 a log building was erected on section seven in Fairfield township by the Nolds, Stauffer and others of Beaver and Fairfield townships, who entertained the Menonnite belief. Worship was held in this house until 1873, when it was replaced with a neat brick. Preaching was held alternately in this house, and in the Overholser neighborhood soon after the country was settled, and afterward in the Wetzler neighborhood. The principal ministers have been Jacob Overholser, Jacob Nold, Henry Stauffer, Rudolph and John Blosser, Jacob Wissler, Samuel Good, Jacob Culp, Joseph Bixter and Peter Baysinger. There was also a Menonnite church in West township, which dates its organization from about the year 1840. Friends.— The Friends, who were among the first settlers of Fairfield township, founded a religious society which was the first in the township, and was the Second Monthly Meeting of the Friends in the state of Ohio. In 1803 a delegation was appointed by the Red Stone quarterly meeting of Pennsylvania to visit the new settlement and organize what is now known as the " Middleton monthly meeting f the Society of Orthodox Friends." Same year a log meetinghouse was built near the center of section twenty-six, which was used as a place of worship till 1810, when a brick was built in Middleton, which was destroyed by fire in 1858, and the present frame was erected same year. They have had as regular ministers John Heald, Nathan Heald, Isaac James, James Armstrong, and others. For a number of years Abi Heald, wife of James Heald, was the public minister. William Heald and John Allman were the first elders. A school for instruction in the common branches of a secular education has been maintained by the Friends at Middleton since the formation of the society. The membership of the Middleton Meeting has been diminished by the formation of societies in adjoining townships on the south and by the defection of those who allied themselves to other branches of the society of Friends. To accommodate those living in the northern part of the township, a social meeting-house was built of logs, before 1820, in what now forms the Friends' grave-yard at Columbiana. For a time worship held according to the custom of the orthodox branch, was sustained, but most of the members in that part of the township became 484 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY. Hicksites, and meetings were held by that organization. The Hicksite Friends' Meeting of Columbiana may be said to have a distinct history from 1832. Wm. Nichols and wife were recommended ministers. John Armstrong and Thos. Wickersham were occasional preachers. The regular Monthly Meeting was discontinued in 1867. Since then the members have become very few, although still maintaining right to the church property. Friends' meeting-house at New Lisbon. About 1813 the Friends living in New Lisbon began holding meetings in dwelling houses, and in 1816 a small meeting-house was built on Jefferson street and used thereafter as long as worship according to the custom of Friends was kept up there. In 1829 the society embraced the doctrine f Friend Hicks, and after a short period, became so much reduced by removal and other causes that the meetings were finally abandoned. The Carmel meeting of the Orthodox Friends was organized in Middleton about 180. The first year a log meeting-house was built on a lot donated by Jacob Heacock, and was used until 1835, when the new one was built and partially destroyed by fire in 1845. The first monthly meeting at Carmel was on December 12, 1817, Joseph Fisher and Nathan Heald were the first clerks. Nathan Hale, Abijah Richards and Esther Hale were the first ministers. The monthly meetings discontinued in the fall of 1854, nearly all the old members having died or removed. The Friends living in that neighborhood, however, held monthly meetings at Middleton after that date, and om September 29, 1828, a number of Friends who had been accused by the regular meeting of defection of doctrine assembled at Elk Run and appointed James Hambleton clerk; and Eli Vale, James Marsh and Thomas McMillen to confer as to what future action should be taken. They reported that they thought that the harmony of the society would be promoted if those holding the belief of Friend Hicks would hold a meeting " separate from our accusing brethren," and for this purpose a house was proffered by Jesse Underwood for the time, and James Hambleton, Jacob Heacock and Benjamin Pyle were appointed to make arrangements with the opposing party for the use of the meeting-house. Accordingly, on December 20, 1828, Jacob Heacock and Benjamin Pyle were appointed overseers of the meeting which was permanently organized, with James Hambleton as clerk and Thomas McMillen assistant. At a later session James Hambleton, John Edmundson and Jacob Heacock were appointed to build a meeting-house, which was accordingly erected in 1829. Until about 1845 the meetings were well attended, but at this time many of the members removed, that after December, 1851, no monthly meetings were held. The Carmel monthly meeting for women was established in 1820, but discontinued in 1840. COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 485 "Friends" Meeting-house.—The first church in Hanover township was a log house built by the society f Friends, east of New Garden, about 1806. Nathan, Thomas, and James Galbraith were the leading men in the society. Meetings were held every Sabbath, and the congregations were always large. In 1840 the log church was replaced by a commodious structure upon the same site. Not long after that the Quakers began to move away, and in a short time nearly all were gone. The church was abandoned, and after standing until 1859 the building was demolished. About the date of the building of the church at New Garden: The Friends living near Hanover erected a log meeting-house west of the village. The first elders were Stephen McBride (the founder of the church), Sarah, John and Levi Miller, and the first preacher, Sarah Shaw. At that time this was the only church in the neighborhood, and all denominations attended. In 1872 they replaced the log house with a brick. Since that date removals from the settlement have made inroads upon the church membership, and at the present time there are but few left. The first meeting held by Friends in the township of Butler, was in 1805, in which year a log meeting house was erected. Joshua Lynch of New Jersey, and Catlett Jones of Virginia, served as ministers in that primitive house. In 1827, a large and commodious brick meeting-house was erected, and in 1856, the building was destroyed by a high wind, but was rebuilt the following season. The Monthly Meetings numbered about 600 members. and at the division in 1854, a branch called the Gurneyites kept the meeting-house. The Wilburte Friends branched from the main body in 1854, and two years thereafter built a meeting house. They numbered about 150, and belonged to the Ohio Yearly Meeting which assembled at Barnesville. "New Garden Meeting," Friends.—The meetings of this society of Friend were transferred to Winona in 1839, having been held in Hanover township prior to that time. The principal members were West Negus, Jno. Johnson, Isaac Test, Casper Williams and L. R. Walker. The meeting-house was built in 1839. About 1870, there were six district societies of Friends at Winona and Salem, each claiming to hold to the original faith, Hicksites, Gurneyites, Wilburites, Kollites, Dr. Kite's meeting and the Remnants. Society of Friends at Salem.— The first settlers of the town were members of the religious Society f Friends, who first gathered for religious purposes in the summer of 1804, in the log cabin of Samuel Davis. A little later two acres of ground were donated by Mr. Davis to the society for meeting-house purposes, being the square enclosed by Maine, Green, Ellsworth and Chestnut streets, where a double log cabin was erected. Quar- 486 - HISTORY OF THE UPPER OHIO VALLEY terly meetings were held at Westland, monthly meetings were held at Middleton in 1804 and 1805, and quarterly meetings established at Salem in 1808. In 1807, the society belonged to the Red Stone quarterly meeting, and in 1813 to the Baltimore yearly meeting. In the summer f 1807, a meeting-house of brick was erected on Main street, nearly opposite the log cabin. This ground was given by Israel Gaskell. In 1828, a separation took place, two factions being formed, known as the " Orthodox " and " Hicksite " bodies. In 1845, the Hicksites built a meeting-house at the corner of Ellsworth and Green streets. The first preaching in this house was by Elias Hicks. The Orthodox Friends, after the separation, retained the portion of the original property on Dry street, and worshiped in the brick house built in 1807 until 1845, when they erected a large brick edifice. Amos Kimberly was the regular established preacher in the society. A separation occurred on the second Saturday in November, 1856, and two factions, known as the "Gurneyites" and " Wilburites," were formed. Each party claimed the property, and sold it, J. Twig Brooks being the purchaser, in 1871. Each faction bought with its share of proceeds. Elk Run Township.— It appears that the Friends were the first to establish public worship in Elk Run township. About 180 they built a meeting house on section 2, given by Isaac James, who was the first minister. This house remained, but, since 1860, has seldom been occupied for meeting. The Friends of Elk run have united with others at Carmel in Middle township, in forming a monthly meeting and assembling at both places alternately. Many joined the Hicksites in 1828; some removed in 1840. These and other causes dismembered the meeting, leaving but a few to represent the orthodox Friends in this township. Friends Meeting-House, Franklin Township.— About 1818, there being in the township quite a number of "Friends," a log meeting house was built, in that part now included within the limits of East township, in Carroll township. Among the leading members in the organization were Richard and John Battin, Stephen McBride, Jr., Isaiah Williams and Mordecai Sanders. The Friends worshiped there several years, but removals from the township, thinned the ranks of the society, and led to its eventual dissolution. In West township the society still exists although it has no church. The greater part of its members worship in adjoining townships. They number about sixty. The Broad Gage Church.-- Of the Quaker element which was founded in Salem, a very large portion followed Elias Hicks at the time of his progressive departure from the dogmas of the old church. They organized under the reform movement, and COLUMBIANA COUNTY - 487 were, and are still, known as Hicksites. During the anti-slavery movement they were all found on this side of the oppressed, and through their efforts and influences Salem became a central point or headquarters for the abolitionists of Ohio and the adjoining states. In 1863 these Freethinkers (or infidels, as they were called by the church,) organized an independent society at Salem. About two years later they purchased the old Baptist church on Depot street. The first speaker was Charles H. Ellis, a young man of considerable ability. Parker Pillsbury was employed to lecture during two or three winters after the discharge of Mr. Ellis, and Charles C. Burleigh for one or two winters. The discourses were very radical and able. An idea of the breadth of the society's declared platform of faith may be drawn from the second and third articles of their constitution, which embraces all their creed, and which read as follows: "ART. 2nd. Our object is the cultivation of personal goodness, and the promotion of practical righteousness among men. "ART. 3rd. No test of opinion, belief or creed, shall ever be made the condition of membership; but all persons who will attach their names to its constitution, or cause the same to be done, shall be members of the society." During the winters of 1873 and 1874, Parker Pillsbury, acting upon the grand principle of free speech and independent thought laid down in the platform of the society, expressed his honest and earnest conviction upon the woman question, especially upon the true relations f the sexes, the present marriage system, etc. From that time the society began to crumble, and was soon practically dead as an organization.