HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 175 election, so popular had he rendered himself by his devotion to the business of the county, his industry, his constant integrity and his eloquence in debate, that although against a settled rule he was again named as a candidate by the Democratic party, and again elected by a triumphant majority. He was at this time, perhaps, the youngest member of Congress in the House. He died before being qualified a second time, October 22d, 1840, by his own hand, in Barnum's hotel, Baltimore, aged only thirty years. Mr. Ramsey was a gentleman of refined and polished manners, and was very neat and particular in his dress. He was very popular, seemingly with all classes, and like his father, was possessed of great influence in his own political party. S. DUNLAP ADAIR, ESQ. S. Dunlap Adair, Esq., is admitted under Reed. The following sketch is from the pen of A. B. Sharpe, Esq : S. Dunlap Adair, Esq., was born on the 26th of March, 1810, and died on the 23rd of Sept., 1850. He had been a member of the Bar fifteen years, having been admitted on the 5th of January, 1835. He studied law with the Hon. F. Watts, whose appreciation of his abilities was evinced in saying of another, now one of the most prominent lawyers in the state, that he was the most brilliant young man that had ever studied with him, except Dunlap Adair. Mr. Adair was not a graduate of any college, yet he was a fine scholar, and a man of scholarly taste. A part of his early life was passed in the borough of Newville, where he always had many friends. While living there, he attended the classical school of Joseph Casey, Sr., father of the Hon. Joseph Casey, of Washington, D. C., and former reporter. Mr. Casey was a Dublin University man, and a particularly fine Latin scholar. He taught until he was advanced beyond three-score years and ten, and in his old age was used to talk to pupils of those who had been under his instruction, and had shown in his favorite branch of study ; and when going over the long roll of his students, and speaking of the bright young men he had taught, he was sure to place Mr. Adair among the foremost. After his admission to the Bar he made himself acquainted with the German, French and Spanish languages, and kept up his knowledge of the Latin. He was also well read in English literature ; and was regarded in his day as the man of most varied attainments at the Bar. He had excellent capacity as a public speaker, and it was recognized by the people, for he was frequently called on to make addresses ; and no matter what or how unusual the occasion, he was always happy. Although fond of study and varied reading, it would be wrong to infer that he was a recluse. He kept up with the events of the day. He always took part in the political contests that were waged, when he was at the Bar, and was a popular, although perhaps, at times, a too acrid speaker. He was the candidate of his party in the District for Congress, when William Ramsey, the younger, was elected. Being in a hopeless minority, he suffered the common fate of those nominated with him. In the line of his profession he had fondness for and great aptitude as a scrivener. In this he had no rival ; strange, as it may seem, when contemplating the other phases of his mind. He was Deputy Attorney General for one term, and knew everything pertaining to the practice of his profession in the criminal courts. In the trial of a cause in any of the courts his industry was adequate to the occasion. He knew as well how to prepare a case as to try it; and if it was one of interest, either from the legal questions involved, or from the peculiarity of the facts to be elucidated, he was able to produce as profound a conviction of its importance on the mind of the court and jury, as existed in his own. This will occur to any one who may recollect the trial of the last case in which he took part, and in which his highest qualities of mind were exercised. In stature he was below the medium height. He was delicately formed, near-sighted, and whether sitting, standing or walking had a tendency to lean forward. He was of a sanguine temperament, had auburn hair and a high intellectual forehead. His constitution was always delicate, and he had a hereditary tendency to bronchial disease —and had several attacks previous to the one of which he died. It seems to us strange that so much talent and such useful and varied acquirements should be so early removed from their sphere of exercise, but so it has been decreed. J. ELLIS BONHAM. The following sketch is also from the pen of A. B. Sharpe, Esq. : J. Ellis Bonham was born in Hunterdon county, New Jersey, on the 31st of March, 1816, and died in Carlisle, on the 19th of March, 1855. He was a graduate of Jefferson College, Canonsburg, Pa., and studied law with Hon. John Reed, who had then charge of a Law School in Carlisle, and gave instruction to many young men, afterwards distinguished in their profession in this and other states. After admission to the Bar be opened an office in Carlisle. He had no kindred here nor family influence. His pecuniary gains were small during the first years of his professional career, and he had little or no aid outside of them, as his father was in moderate circumstances. When the Hon. John K. Kane was Attorney General of the state Mr. Bonham became Deputy Attorney General for this county, and held the office three years. His habits of industry, united to his fine talents, eminently fitted him for the position ; and it is conceded by those who knew him and have had large experience at the Bar, that no one here, for many years, if ever, was more competent to fill the position, or did fill it with more ability. After his term of office for some years he gave his attention closely to his profession, and his practice extended rapidly in all the courts ; but he never had any fondness for the drudgery of the profession. His taste, his reading, and his ambition were largely in different lines. He had great fondness for English literature, and his library was large and choice. He had political ambition, and cultivated the quality that would have made him an eminent statesman. His political reading and knowledge were extended. He was accustomed to write for the leading political journals of his party articles on all the prominent questions of the day, and took pride in seeing them frequently copied into other papers. In his day, more than now, his grade of ability was sought after. He had none of the arts of the demagogue. His manner was modest. His conversational powers, not attractive to the many. His speech, that of a cultivated gentleman, and graceful orator ; and his habits more those of the student than of the man of the world. Still, he was the representative man of his political party, and this because his abilities commanded the position. During his term in the Legislature of the state be was acknowledged leader of the House, just as the Hon. Charles R. Buckalew was of the Senate ; and they were not unlike in mental characteristics and somewhat alike in personal appearance. They were decidedly the weakest men physically and the strongest mentally in either House. 176 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. The tariff and other national questions were then discussed in the Legislature ; and Mr. Bonham's utterances on these questions were read and studied, not only by his constituents, but in the state at large, and in the nation. When he had completed his Legislative term he became the nominee of his party for Congress ; and although in a district largely Democratic and he preeminently fitted for the position, he was defeated. This was at the time when the Know-Nothing furor swept over the land—when former majorities, political status, personal fitness and all similar considerations were tumbled into the common whirlpool of temporary political disintegration. After his defeat for Congress he determined to quit politics, and devote his attention exclusively to his profession ; and desiring a field adequate to his abilities, he selected Philadelphia, where he had many friends, among prominent citizens. He had rented an office there and had made preparation to commence practice in a few days. On his return from Philadelphia he took a cold in the cars, which he neglected, staying the same evening in a damp, chilly lodge-room, until a late hour. The next morning an intimate personal friend who was used to breakfast with him, missing him at table, called at his lodgings, and found him very ill. The cold had settled on his lungs. Death ensued in a few days from congestion. There was a common impression after his death that he had suffered much and become enfeebled from mortification at his defeat. There never was a more erroneous impression than this. He was too great a man, too well balanced mentally, to brood or pine over anything. He knew as well as any man of his day the ephemeral character of the political party that was then wafted into power ; and had too much magnanimity not to submit gracefully to the common lot of the great, that happen on untoward times. Instead of being disspirited, he never was in a brighter mood than during the period immediately preceding his death. He had been on intimate terms with the Hon. George M. Dallas, and other leaders of the Bar, and prominent citizens of Philadelphia, where he was sure to find society congenial to his nature ; and had already learned enough of the world to know that with a proper exercise of his talents his success in life was assured. No member of the Bar has passed away during the last quarter of a century that has left a more pleasant memory than he. His talents were such as to reflect high credit to the Bar. His intercourse with his fellow-members was uniformly courteous. He had no arrogance, and seldom, if ever, lost his temper. His arguments were often laboriously prepared, and as often exceedingly interesting to his hearers ; for they were set off with the diction and graces of the scholar and orator. If, at his death, lie left enemies, they were such from jealousy ; for he was too amiable, too regardful of the rights and feelings of others to incur hatred. In addition to the above sketch of A. B. Sharpe, Esq., we may add the following : In personal appearance Mr. Bonham was rather under, than above the medium height, delicately formed, with light hair and complexion. His countenance was handsome and eminently refined. In temperament he seems to have been possessed of one of those delicate organizations exquisitely sensative, known generally as the mental temperament in which mind preponderates very largely over matter. There is no one temperament which may be said exclusively to be the concomitant of genius, but it is this temperament which belongs to the finest order of intellects. It is found in those instances where the strength of the man is combined with the delicacy of the woman—a combination rare indeed, but when found, exceedingly felicitious. Mr. Bonham seems to have been possessed of such a temperament. In his gifts and polish there have been but few men whom he need have regarded as his superiors. As an advocate he was eminently a graceful and polished speaker, winning and attractive in his manner, with a poetic imagination and chaste and polished diction. His speeches were often effective, and on the occasion of his address to the jury on behalf of the Commonwealth in the case of the McClintock Riot many persons in the court were moved to tears. Although at the Bar for no long period he gave evidence of talents which had not yet reached their prime. To such a character the practical details of law are but poorly suited, and Mr. Bonham's ambition evidently aspired to a higher goal. In the loftier field of politics he would have found a more congenial atmosphere, and to this end, rather than to success in law, all the energies of his life seem to have been directed. WILLIAM H. MILLER, ESQ. For more than a quarter of a century Wm. H. Miller was an active and efficient member of the Bar of this county. He died suddenly of congestion of the brain in June, 1877. At the meeting of the members of the Bar on the occasion of his death, A. B. Sharpe, Esq., spoke of the character of Mr Miller, as follows : I have known Wm. H. Miller ever since I was a student of law. I have been intimate with him ever since I became a member of the Bar ; and in turning over the record of a quarter of a century of intercourse with him, there is not a page or even a sentence that I desire to blot out of my recollection. When death seals the lips and closes from view one with whom we have been long connected, in social and professional life, that feature of his character which most attracted us, stands forth most prominent. That Mr. Miller began life poor and has died in affluence is generally believed. That his natural parts were not great, and that he still attained an eminent place at the Bar is a conceded fact ; and that he has left the world, with the respect, the confidence and the esteem of the community in which he lived is universally acknowledged. All these are sources of comfort to his friends and sources of commendation, worthy of emulation by us his remaining brethren of the Bar. But that which chiefly makes the record of his life attractive is that he lived and died a courteous and amiable gentleman. In saying this I am sure that I will be borne out by all those who knew him best ; and if there is a feature of human character worthy of all commendation, one worthy of universal respect it is this. Brilliant repartee is evanescent ; sarcasm leaves its sting; arrogance is disgusting and insolence ever offensive, but " a soft answer turneth away wrath, and he that keepeth his spirit is better than he that taketh a city." I have often thought that Mr. Miller had a reputation for industry greater than he deserved—and for prescience and tact less than was his. He never had much taste for the literature of his profession, and did not care to prepare thoroughly for the trial of a case; but when the case was called he was ever cool and collected, and always made the most out of it before it was ended. It was said of HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 177 Massena, one of the greatest of Napoleon's Marshals, that his genius never shown forth until a battle was half lost ; and those who knew Mr. Miller best know full well what strength he would gather when difficulties thickened around him. With general literature, history, ancient and modern, various branches of science, and hooks of travel, he was very familiar. His ,private library was large, and embraced many branches of knowledge —and in it he passed much of his time, and from it he drew much of his enjoyment. When he became tired of this he resorted to travel, and visited all the places of note on this continent. This made him an agreeable and instructive companion. He had no passions to contend with, and cultivated a taste as refined as his physical constitution was delicate. His intercourse with men was gentle and amiable ; and had he not been stricken in the seat of reason in his last illness he might have departed saying : Life, we have been long together Thro' pleasant and thro' cloudy weather - 'Tis hard to part where friends are dear, Perhaps t'will cause a sigh, a tear. Then steal away—give little warning, Say not good-night, but in some Brighter sphere, bid me good morning. In addition to the above address by Mr. Sharpe, we add the following : In appearance Mr. Miller was tall, slender and slightly stooped in the shoulders, with long, white hair and shaven face. He had somewhat a partriarchial look, older than years would indicate. From his looks he would have been mistaken rather as an advocate of the doctrines of Calvin than of the common law. His appearance was refined. His manner was always courteous and deliberate. He was never flurried and seldom, if ever, was known to have lost his temper. As a speaker, he was deliberate, dignified, impressivie, and seemed always to win the implicit confidence of the jury. He was noted for good, practical judgment and sound sense, and these, added to a life of persevering industry, rather than the brilliant gifts of the advocate, won him the confidence and respect of his many clients, and caused him to be eminently successful in his profession. COL. WILLIAM M. PENROSE. Col. William McFunn Penrose is admitted under Hepburn.  He was born in Carlisle, on the 29th day of March, 1825 ; he graduated with honor at Dickinson College, in 1844, and seems even then to have been known as a diligent student, and as possessed of extraordinary p ,veers of application. This seems to have been the reason of his great success in after life, in the chosen field of his profession. He was admitted to the Bar of Cumberland county on the 10th of November, 1846. His committee of examination consisted of the Hon. John Reed, Hugh Gaullagher, Esqrs., and Hon. James H. Graham, before the Hon. John Stuart, then an Associate Judge of the court of this county. Col. Penrose was the oldest son of the Hon. Charles B. Penrose. " He came by inheritance to the high position which he held. His early and classical education was of the highest type. His father and uncle were both ornaments to the Bar of our county and state. He entered the arena when Reed and Biddle and Gaullagher were leaders of: the Bar—when Adair and Bonham were brilliant young men." Mr. Penrose was a man of refined, gentlemanly feelings, of a kindly disposition, and of courteous professional deportment towards all—to the court, but more particularly was he generous and kind towards his younger brethern at the Bar, a quality, the value of which only those educated in the profession can rightly appreciate. He needed to found no distinction on the depreciation of his inferiors. He was too noble for this. He affected no importance from the miserable accident of seniority or station, and laughed to scorn the pretentionless stupidity, that seeks, like the cynic, enforced reverence to its rage and to its dotage. Generous to a fault, and careless in regard to his own monetary affairs, but with a heart full of sympathy for the sufferings of others—his aid and counsel were sought by great numbers of people who were totally unable ever to remunerate him for his professional services. At the breaking out of the Rebellion Mr. Penrose was elected and served for some time as Colonel of the Sixth Regiment of the Pennsylvania Reserves. But such a life was ill-suited to a constitution naturally delicate. He paid dearly for his patriotism afterwards in continuous ill-health. For in the exposure of camp life he probably laid the foundation of disease which ended eventually with his death. During life Mr. Penrose was a hard student, and was devoted exclusively to his profession. The law, as it is said, is a jealous mistress, and he was constant in his affection, and content to woo no other. To the study and practice of his profession he threw all the energies of his intellect. As a lawyer he was eminently successful—learned, quick and accurate in his perceptions, cogent in argument, and fluent as a speaker—he seldom failed to convince a jury. In all questions of practice he seemed particularly at home. Expert to take advantage of every point, he was a merciless antagonist, and woe to the unwary adversary, who, but for a moment should drop his shield. Nor was he less successful in his arguments IN BANC. " His comprehensive mind was familiar with all the distinctions in the books. and his astuteness was so great that he marked out with wonderful quickness the almost evanescent boundaries which sometimes separate the principles which govern cases." Benjamin Junkin, then President Judge, said, on the occasion of Mr. Penrose's death : " His astuteness, vigor of thought, and keenness of perception in grasping the result of a principle and wielding it with steady hand, I have never seen surpassed. He stripped all questions down to the bones, and then handed over to the jury the issue in this clarified condition. In his manner he was terse, sententious and precise He continued all contests ' until the bellows were burned, and the lead was consumed of the fire,' then, and then only, did he yield." In appearance Col Penrose was tall and slender in form, with an intelligent, emaciated face, and was possessed of an active and nervous temperament. He was quick in his motions as in his thoughts. He was careless in his dress and walked our streets in slippers often, with a careworn and pre-occupied look, as if his attention was always upon the important responsibilities which were committed to his care. He died September 2nd, 1872, in the prime of life, in the midst of his usefulness and in the enjoyment of a large and lucrative practice, well merited by a life of untiring devotion to the duties of his profession. THE MCCLINTOCK RIOTS. It was early in June, 1847, while the Hon. Samuel Hepburn was upon the Bench, that what is known as the McClintock riot occurred. 178 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. in the borough of Carlisle. Two slave owners from Maryland had come to Carlisle to capture three fugitive slaves—a man, a woman called Hester, and a girl of about ten years of age. A colored man in the borough claimed the woman Hester as his wife, and from this or some other cause, the blacks were excited to the point of offering a determined resistance to the arrest. After a scuffle, in which blows were freely given, the fugitives were arrested and the blacks intimidated. The rest of the story is told in the recently published " Life and Letters of the Rev. Dr. McClintock " : " Early in the afternoon a writ of HABEAS CORPUS was obtained by Mr. Adair, one of the lawyers of the borough, bringing all parties before the presiding Judge, Hepburn, at the Court House. By this time the symptoms were so threatening,that a posse of officers was summoned to the aid of the sheriff. The crowd of blacks hung about the jail till its doors were opened again, and then they followed the sheriff and slaves, by no means in silence, to the court. The illegality of the imprisonment was decided very quickly, and the slaves were taken out of the hands of the sheriff and handed over to the keeping of their owners. Messrs. Kennady and Hollingsworth had, however, been arrested on a warrant from a justice of the peace for forcibly entering the house in which the slaves were found. They had gone from the court room to give the necessary bail, and had requested the sheriff and his deputy to take charge of the fugitives until their return. The willing officers undertook this service, illegal as it was, and stationed themselves close to the prisoners' box. The blacks of the town, who, by this time were maddened to fury, rushed to the box, lifted the woman Hester out of it, and made way with her towards the door ; the deputy, who had beaten off the woman's husband earlier in the day, drew his pistol and swore, he would shoot any one who attempted a rescue. The doors of the court room were hastily closed, and escape rendered impossible. The judge, seeing a riot imminent before his eyes as he sat on the Bench, ordered the room to be cleared. The crowd, white and black, were forced out, and the captors and their prey remained within, sheltered by the Constitution of the United States, as it then was, with the reluctant assent of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania." The Rev. Dr. McClintock, who was then a minister of the Gospel and a professor in Dickinson College, happened to be present in the Court House during this impending riot. " Passing on to the door of the court room, in obedience to the judge's order to clear it, Professor McClintock saw a white man raise a stick threateningly over the head of a negro, saying at the same moment, " You ought to have your skull broke." The negro protested that he had done nothing. " Then," said the professor, " if any one strikes you apply to me, and I will see that justice is done to you." Filled with the idea that all the proceedings were illegal, he discussed with two of the lawyers of the borough the bearings of the new law upon the case, as they went together down stairs. It was determined by Mr. Adair, the counsel for the negroes, to get out a second writ of HABEAS CORPUS, and to try before the Judge the question of the ownership of the woman and the girl. While the papers were preparing, Professor McClintock hastened to the College for a copy of the Act of 1847. He returned as quickly as possible, and rejoined Mr. Adair, who by this time had his petition ready. As they came from the rear of the court house, and stood a moment upon the front steps, the slave owners, with their slaves, came down the stairs from the room above. A carriage had been driven up to the edge of the sidewalk for the reception of the whole party. Mr. Kennady followed close after his servants, and with a billet of wood beat off the negroes, who, in a high state of excitement, crowded in upon him. The. man, Lloyd Brown, was forced into the carriage when a desperate rush was made for the woman and the girl. . Norman seized his wife, Hester, and bore her off; some one else, not known, clutched the child. The crowd dashed across the street and down an alley-way adjacent to the market-house, with Mr. Kennady in full pursuit. He was well able to pursue, for he was six feet in height, stoutly built and in the prime of life. A storm of missiles followed the negroes as they fled, and fell upon both pursuers and pursued.. Just as Mr. Kennady had crossed the street, in his tussel with the rescuers, he was tripped by some boards lying upon the sidewalk, and fell heavily. Before he could rise he was struck repeatedly by the negroes as they rushed past him in their flight, severely hurt, and rendered helpless." From these injuries Mr. Kennady died shortly afterward, and the feeling grew more intense. " By the time the day of trial arrived (August 25th) the case had expanded beyond its personal relations, and had become a " cause," on the opposite sides of which eager contestants were enlisted. No money, it was said, would be spared to insure the conviction of the Professor. There was a full array of counsel. The prosecuting attorney, J. Ellis Bonham, was assisted by three of the leading lawyers of the county. For Professor McClintock his friend, William M. Biddle appeared, and also Mr. Adair, who had been so active in procuring the HABEAS CORPUS, Mr. Graham and Wm. M. Meredith, one of the famous leaders of the Philadelphia Bar. The defendants, twenty-nine men and women, were all indicted in one hatch together, the gentleman and scholar leading the list. A separate trial was asked for him but was refused. It was well. He had taken his place by the side of God's poor, to give them the benefit of his larger intelligence and to shield them from wrong ; it was not unbecoming of him to share their lot. There could be no better position for a follower of Christ and a minister of his truth. " An excellent jury was impaneled. Among them was a stanch Calvanist, one of that rugged race who had originally settled in the Cumberland Valley, and who were as immovable as their own Blue Mountain in the maintenance of their conviction of right. Mr. Bonham, the prosecuting attorney, was a gentleman of refined feeling as well as an able lawyer. He wove together from the testimony which he expected to produce a combination of charges against the subject of our memoir, which, if the Commonwealth's witnesses had only been trust-worthy, would have overwhelmed any man that ever lived. But " leaving for a time the immediate facts of the case, the prosecution took a wider range and demanded a conviction as a means of appeasing the South and making slave property secure. Yonr verdict,' said the State's counsel to the jury, `either one way or the other, so far as these defendants are concerned, is but a drop in the bucket, compared with the other momentous issues which hang upon the result. The rescue of these slaves has had a most pernicious tendency in the South, and rendered the property of every slaveholder insecure. The slaves now think they can get protection and aid from the whites, and their conduct has become marked by insubordination and violence. * * * * Whether these defendants committed this outrage, or whether they did not, is a matter of trivial importance to your Southern brethren, compared with the consequences which may flow from your verdict to the social and political organization of whole communities. If you decide that these outrages can be committed HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 179 with impunity, the foundations of the Government will be broken, this union of States will be rent in twain, the fagot will be the arbiter of right and wrong, and the glare of a civil and, perhaps, of a servile war will light up the land. Your Southern brethern look to you, gentlemen of the jury, for protection, and that by your verdict you will stop the lawlessness which threatens to overwhelm them.' A most pathetic picture of the wailing of the widow over the dead body of her husband closed the able presentation of the Commonwealth's case." The court room presented during the trial a spectacle such as has rarely been seen in Cumberland county. The case, from its nature, touched the extreme points of society. and the extremes were represented in the crowd that filled seats and aisles, and watched with breathless interest the fluctuations of the legal conflict. The passions certain to be awakened by an outbreak of the endless slavery controversy were there concentrated, and were exerting their utmost force. No prisoner's box could hold the many defendants ; they were massed on one side of the room, under guard of officers of the court. They were a motley group, of black, brown and yellow, and as they gazed on the proceedings in which they were interested parties, with the helpless air so peculiar to their race, they excited in the spectator a deep feeling of pity. They had not, however, been left to take care of themselves ; competent counsel appeared in their behalf. Their co-defendant, who had tried ineffectively on the second of June to aid them, sat beside his lawyers and took an active and intelligent interest in the conduct of the case. Personal friends were there to give him the support of their presence. The venerable Albert Griffith, whose homely face, halting gait, deafness and sterling sense withal, would have made him a much noticed man in any gathering, sat close to the witness-stand, and with strained attention took in every word of the testimony and pleadings. He had come to hear and judge for himself, and when the trial was over he published a well-reasoned vindication of his old friend, Professsr McClintock. More than all, there rested upon the parties to the case an indefinable sense of its meaning which could not be expressed in words, an apprehension that it pointed to woes to come, a dread that this collision of two systems of life and civilization at a single point was but a foretokening of what might be, should the collision occur at ten thousand points, and involve all the communities living on either side of the slave line. Here were consequences sad enough attending the effort to secure right and justice for three slaves ; what would they be when it was attempted to secure right and justice for three millions." The result of the trial was that Professor McClintock was acquitted. Over half of the negroes were cleared, and thirteen convicted. Of these ten were sentenced to three years' imprisonment in the Eastern Penitentiary, but after a few months' imprisonment, through a writ of error in the Supreme Court, they were subsequently discharged. During the month of March, 1855, the members of the Bar were twice assembled together, in accordance with the old and kindly amenities of our profession to mourn the death of two of its brightest ornaments, William M. Biddle and J. Ellis Bonham. On the latter occasion, on the 20th day of March, 1855, Judge 'Graham presiding, Wm. H. Miller offered several resolutions upon the death of J. Ellis Bonham, Esq., which were seconded by Wm. M. Penrose, Samuel Hepburn, A. B. Sharpe and James R. Smith, in a few brief remarks. Mr. Miller said " But a few days have passed away since we followed to the grave one who, although not old in years, was looked upon by most of us as a professional father, and assisting friend and adviser. Now we mourn a brother and companion suddenly stricken by the hand of death. It may appear mysterious to us that one so young and so full of life and hope, aspiring to the goal of an honorable and high ambition, endowed by his maker with brilliant talents and qualified by education and laborious research to reach the highest point which he might desire to attain, should be so suddenly and to us apparently so untimely called from our midst." HENRY W. BELLMAN. On the 28th of August, 1856, Henry W. Bellman is admitted to practice law. Hon. James H. Graham was then the Presiding Judge. His committee of examination were John B. Parker, I. P. Colwell and Wm. M. Penrose, Esqrs. Mr. Bellman had read Divinity before he studied law, and had officiated in the pulpit ; but ill health compelled him to abandon the profession of his choice. He was married Sept. 11th, 1851, to Mary J., the daughter of the Rev. Jasper Bennett and Elizabeth Bennett, and was the father of the present writer. He removed a few years after his admission to our Bar to Richmond, Va., where he died December, 1860, at an early age. In the year 1859, just before the breaking out of the Rebellion, occurs the last case in our courts in regard to runaway slaves. This was the case of the Commonwealth vs. Myers. Three negroes, a man, wife and child, had been residing for some time in one of our adjoining townships. They had been slaves in Maryland, but had been manumitted by will at the death of their owner. It seemed afterwards the estate was insolvent, and the administrators sent their deputies to capture the human property, who were regarded as assets of the estate, and liable to be disposed of as personal property for the debts of the deceased. The question was, could they invade the free soil of Pennsylvania for that purpose. On the night of the twelfth of June, between the hours of twelve and one o'clock, these negroes were stolen from their home. The next day the house was empty, the inmates gone ; different articles of clothing were scattered about the deserted room. The bed had been occupied and bore the impression of the bodies of the occupants ; while a child's clothes and some trinkets were scattered upon the floor. The tracks of horses and a carriage were discovered upon the ground adjoining the deserted premises. Myers, the chief kidnapper, was captured in Pennsylvania just within the Maryland line, and brought to Carlisle for trial. The case was considered of great importance. Messrs. Watts and Sharpe were concerned with the District Attorney for the Commonwealth, while able counsel represented the rights of the state of Maryland. The case resulted in the negroes being returned, when Myers was allowed to go free. CHARLES E. MAGLAUGHLIN. Charles E. Maglaughlin was born in 1838, and died on the 26th of April, 1874, in the 36th year of his age. He graduated at Dickinson College in 1857, and afterwards read law with E. H. Weiser, of York, and then with Wm. M. Penrose, of Carlisle. He was admitted to our Bar in 1860. Robt. M. Henderson, A. B. Sharpe and S. Colwell, Esqs., being his committee of examination. He was elected District Attorney in 1865, and re-elected in 1868, serving two full terms of three years each. He represented Cumberland county in the Democratic State Conven- 180 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. tion of 1872, and was then mentioned as one of the nominees for Congress. As a lawyer he was earnest, passionate, nervous, vehement and impulsive. He was possessed of untiring energy, and was an indifatigable worker. He seemed never to realize that he needed rest or relaxation. He cared little for the literature outside of his profession, or, if he did, had not the leisure necessary for its cultivation. One striking characteristic of Mr. Maglaughlin was that in whatever he undertook, no matter how trivial or unimportant it was in itself, he was always thoroughly in earnest. The game of croquet, for a time, in the warm summer afternoons, was a favorite amusement, and his only recreation. This was occasional, but when he did play he battled as earnestly to maintain his point as if it were the most important case in court. It was during his term of office that he won an enviable reputation as a lawyer in the great case of the Com. vs. Dr. Paul Schoeppe for the murder of Miss Steinnecke. From this time forward he rose rapidly in the profession, and had an ever increasing practice. He was intimately connected also with the politics of our county, and had great influence in his own (the Democratic) party. He died as much probably from over-work, from mental and bodily exhaustion as from any other cause. The spark of life in him burned too brightly to burn long, and soon consumed the frail tenement that held it. At a meeting of the members of the Bar on the occasion of his death F. E. Beltzhoover, Esq., said, in generous encomium of his friend when alluding to his early death : " As a lawyer, he had reached the acme of success. He was always vigilant and always formidable. He had a strong and marked individuality, that quality or combination of qualities which distinguishes one man from another. He stood high at the Bar, upon whose death-roll is inscribed so many distinguished names. He died young, but Germanicus, the grandson of Marc Antony, and the most formidable warrior in the army of Imperial Rome, died at the age of thirty, suddenly, and in the midst of a promising career. The Senate met and decreed that instead of placing his old and battle-scarred shield in the temple, there should be a golden one in which to place his image. But his kind and wise old father, Tiberius, put aside the decree of the Senate, saying that all the luxuriant debauches of Rome might have golden shields ; but in all the world there was but one shield of Germanicus. So all that we may say in encomiums upon the name and character of our deceased friend will add nothing to the degree of tenacity with which we will remember his bold and stubborn and sagacious character as a lawyer. Many may be as learned and eloquent and strong in the profession, but there will be upon the tongue of popular fame in coming years but one Charley Maglaughlin." It was while Hon. James H. Graham was upon the Bench in 1869 that the trial of Dr. Paul Schoeppe for the murder of Miss Steinnecke occurs. Paul Schoeppe was born at Badauch, Germany. In 1860 he entered as a soldier in the Pioneer Battalion of the Royal Guard at Berlin, in which he was promoted to the position of PORT EPEE (sword-bearer) ensign. He soon resigned and became an amanuensis to Count Blankensee, of Berlin. There is evidence that at this period of his career he was guilty of forgery. Be this as it may, he soon afterwards came to America and he and his father, who was a minister settled in Carlisle. Dr. Schoeppe was a practicing physician in Carlisle and had acquired a good reputation among the people with whOm he was associated when the death of Mis Steinnecke occurred. This lady was the possessor of considerable wealth, had reached an advanced age and numbered among her acquaintances Dr. Schoeppe, who was also her physician. On the 27th of January, 1869, she repaired to a bank in Carlisle and drew some of the money there deposited in her name. On the same day she complained of being unwell, when Dr. Schoeppe administered to her a fluid, which she asserted before her death was represented to be a remedy intended to produce sleep. On the 28th Miss Steinnecke died, about thirty-three hours after partaking of the "medicine" recommended and given her by Dr. Paul Schoeppe. A few days elapsed and her remains were interred in a cemetery in Baltimore. In the meantime strong suspicions were aroused that her death was superinduced by unnatural cause, and that her attendant physician was not unacquainted with them. Several reasons existed for these suspicions, among which were the presentation of a check at a bank on the day following her death, by Schoeppe, purporting to be drawn by Miss Steinnecke in his favor, but which smacked very strongly of forgery, the facts that the deceased stated he had given her " something to make her sleep," and his claim of sole devisee of her property. There were minor circumstances to confirm the suspicions of foul play, which it is unnecessary to enumerate. On the supposition that Miss Steinnecke was the victim of poison her body was exhumed on the 10th of February (thirteen days after her death), with a view of subjecting it to POST MORTEM examination.. Eminent physicians made a thorough investigation and arrived at the conclusion that death resulted from some narcotic poison. On the 24th of May the trial of Dr. Schoeppe commenced and terminated on the 3rd of June in his conviction. During the trial numerous opinions of medical authorities on both sides were presented. The defendant was ably represented by counsel who did all in their power to establish his innocence. After the prosecution had concluded their argument Judge Graham delivered a very impartial charge to the jury, reviewing the entire testimony and explaining and answering the law points submitted by the counsel for the defence. The jury then, at one o'clock p. m., went to their room and returned to the court at five o'clock with a verdict that they find the defendant, Dr. Paul Schoeppe, guilty of murder in the first degree, in manner and form as he stands indicted. On the 5th of June a motion was made for a new trial, which was overruled by Judge Graham, and Dr. Schoeppe sentenced to death. The case, however, was at length, through the instrumentality of an act of Assembly, taken to the Supreme Court, and a new trial granted, which, on account of the contradictory character of the medical expert testimony resulted in his aquittal. We have now brought the history of our Bar from the earliest times of which we have any record down to a period within the recollection of the youngest member of it. Our endeavor has been to amuse, as well as to instruct, and we have not considered an anecdote, when characteristic of the party, beneath the dignity of history. With the living we have had naught to do. A man's biography is written properly only after he is dead—when he is no longer called upon to appear upon the stage, to wear robes or tatters, to laugh or cry, be hooted or applauded—for then the play is over, the curtain fallen, the audience gone, and he is equally indifferent to their praise-or blame. HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 181 MEDICAL PROFESSION. BY R. L. SIBBET, M. D. In presenting for publication in the History of Cumberland County a chapter concerning the Medical Profession the writer has no apology to make. The opportunity being presented, it has seemed proper that the names, at least, of the deceased members of the the profession should be gathered up, before they are dropped from the memory of the living, and that they should be printed in the history of the county ; not that they are all equally deserving of mention, but that they may furnish the ground-work of a more extended chapter when a brighter day dawns upon us. More than this has been attempted. The material for brief memoirs of a considerable number has been collected, from one source and from another, not, however, without much labor and patience. The work is indeed imperfect, as all such efforts must be ; and the writer can only say that he has done the best he could in the circumstances. Brief Biographical sketches of some of those who have contributed to the chapter have also been added ; and, it is proper to state in this connection, that to these belongs the credit of securing a place in our history for the chapter. To the members of the profession, and to all who have in any manner assisted in this work, especially to the Hon. Frederick Watts, Hon. John McCurdy, Rev. C. P. Wing, D. D , and Rev. J. A. Murray, D. D., the writer is under many obligations for valuable suggestions and assistance. BOILING SPRINGS. DR. JACOB SAWYER was born in Wilmington, Mass , December 26th, 1794. His family is traced to a Welsh ancestry, who settled in Massachusetts at an early day. His older brother Asa studied medicine and practiced in Dillsburg, York county, Pa., several years, and afterwards returned east and settled in New Hampshire. His brother Daniel married Hepsibeth Hart and also settled in New Hampshire and engaged in agricultural pursuits. Ann, his only sister, married the Rev. Mr. Thompson, a minister of the Congregational church, and settled in Boston, Mass. Jacob, the subject of this narative, and as it appears, the youngest of the family, after enjoying the advantages of the schools of his native town, entered the Phillips Academy at Exeter, N. H., where he completed his academic studies. Having a desire to study medicine, he entered the office of Dr. Hill, a distant relative, who became his preceptor. In the meantime he attended lectures in the Medical Department of Harvard University, and had for his instructors, Drs. Charming, Ingalls, Ramsey and others at that time distinguished in the profession. Dr. Sawyer commenced the practice of medicine first in Dillsburg, Pa., and became the successor of his brother, Dr. Asa Sawyer, of whom mention has been made. In 1825 he married Mary Ann McGowan, a daughter of David McGowan, Esq , of Boiling Springs, and continued in practice at Dillsburg until 1833, when he exchanged places with Dr. Thos. L. Cathcart, and removed to Bloomfield, Perry county. Here also he had a large and laborious practice. With the view of placing himself in more independent circumstances he returned to the Cumberland valley and purchased a farm in the neighborhood of Boiling Springs. But his counsel and attention was soon sought after, and it was not long until he was again involved in an extensive country practice. Once more, in 1857, he sought retirement and relief from labor. Accordingly he purchased a property in Carlisle and took possession of it ; but two years later death came and carried him to that " country from whose bourne no traveler returns." Dr. Sawyer in 1821 received a commission from Gov. Hiester as one of the Surgeons of the 5th Division of the Militia of Pennsylvania composed of the counties of York and Adams, and ten years later, the same was renewed by Gov. Wolf. In the domestic circle he was a kind husband and an affectionate father. His ambition was to give his children, nine in all, six of whom remain, an excellent education, as the best legacy that could be left them. His oldest son Augustus M., graduated at Dickinson College in 1853, sharing the honors of the class with J. .J Melson, of Maryland. He read law with Hon. Frederick Watts, and gave great promise of future usefulness, but was cut off in the morning of life, Sept. 18th, 1870, leaving a wife and one daughter. His other sons are engaged at present in merchantile pursuits. William Collins being in Philadelphia and Daniel A. in Carlisle. The latter in 1862, when the young men of the nation were called upon to preserve its integrity, laid aside his books in college and entered the service of the navy. He was assigned a place in the Blockade Squadron in the James River, was in both engagements at Fort Fisher, and remained in the service until the end of the war, when he was placed on the retired list of officers. His daughters, Amanda H., Roxanna S., and Marguret R., reside in Carlisle. Dr. Sawyer died March 6th, 1859, in the 65th year of his age, and 'was hurried in the Old Cemetery in the borough of Carlisle. His widow died June 30th, 1878, in the 79th year of her age. CARLISLE. Although Carlisle was laid out in 1751 we have no account of any resident practitioner of medicine in it until 1774, when it is said Dr. McCoskry settled in the place. Dr. Thomas Blair (see Pa. Archives, vol. III., pp. 27 and 57) and Dr. Prentice (see Colonial Records, vol. VII., p. 77) may have practised in the town and valley about 1756, but their names are only mentioned in connection with the army ; the former being recommended as a Surgeon and the latter being sent for to attend the wounded at McCord's Fort. DR. SAMUEL ALLEN MCCOSKRY was born in 1751 ; but it is not known where he received his education. He commenced the practice of medicine in Carlisle about the year 1774, and soon became distinguished as a practitioner and as a scholar. His father was probably " William McCoskry, who departed this life September 2nd, 1771, in the 43rd year of his age." And the following inscription, taken from a tablet in the same enclosure where he was buried, evidently refers to his wife : " In memory of Ann Susannah McCoskry, wife of Dr. Samuel Allen McCoskry, who departed this life November 12th, 1792, in the 38th year of her age." He af- 182 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. terwards married Alison Nisbet, the oldest daughter of Rev. Charles Nisbet, D. D., the first President of Dickinson College, and became the father of three sons and three daughters. Charles N. graduated in the class 1815 in Dickinson College, and afterwards obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine from the University of Pennsylvania. in 1819. He settled in one of the Souther states, but soon after died. Samuel A. also graduated in Dickinson College and afterwards became distinguished as a bishop in the Protestant Episcopal church. Dr. McCoskry had a brother Dr. Win. A. McCoskry, who entered the army during the Revolution and continued in it as a Surgeon until 1803, when he resigned and settled in Detroit, Michigan, where he practiced medicine until his death, in '831. It is said of Dr. McCeskry that he analyzed the butter into which a large quantity of arsenic had been introduced by Sally Clark ; and that his testimony before the court of Carlisle secured the conviction and execution of the girl—several persons being poisoned, only one, however, dying. He was a Presbyterian and was one of the twelve who applied for a renewal of the charter of the old church in the borough of Carlisle in the year 1786. His associates in this work were Gen. John Armstrong, Robert Miller, William Moore, Thomas Craighead, William Lyon, George Davidson, James Irvine, John Agnew, John Montgomery, Samuel Laird and the pastor, Rev. Robert Davidson, D. D. Dr. McCoskry was elected a trustee of Dickinson College in the year 1783, and continued to occupy the position until 1815, when he resigned on account of declining health. He died September 4th, 1818, in the 68th year of his age, and was buried in the Old Cemetery in the borough of Carlisle. DR. LEMUEL GUSTINE, according to the best information that can be obtained, was born in Saybrook, Conn., in the year 1749. After Obtaining a liberal education, but in what institution it is not known, he settled in the Wyoming Valley about 1769. It is probable that he studied medicine with Dr. Wm. Hooker Smith, a prominent citizen o f Wyoming, and a Surgeon in the Continental army ; at any rate, Dr. Gustine married his daughter. This lady died a few weeks before the " Massacre of Wyoming," and was buried at " Forty Fort," leaving a daughter, Sarah, four years old, who was with her father at the time of the surrender. In 1778, when the invasion of the valley took place by the British and their Indian allies, the two Wyoming companies of Continental troops were absent, having been ordered to join the Commander-inChief, " with all possible haste." The number of men and boys able to bear arms, in the valley, was about 400. The enemy consisted of about 400 British and Tories, and 600 Seneca and Mohawk Indians. Col. Zebulon Butler, who commanded the Wyoming troops, in conference with Col. Dennison and others, determined to march out of the Fort and attack the enemy without delay lest they should be reinforced. The Wyoming men fought well, but they were overpowered by superior numbers and were obliged to retreat after the loss of many lives. Dr. Gustine, who was aid to Col. Dennison, was among the last to leave the field, and with a few friends repined the fort from which they had marched to meet the enemy. Major John Butler, who commanded the British and Indians, now advanced and demanded a surrender of the fort, which was agreed to by Col. Dennison. One of the terms of capitulation which were signed by Dr. Gus-tine and others, contained the following : " That the inhabitants that Col. Dennison now capitulates for, together with himself, do not take up arms during the present contest." Soon after Major Butler had taken possession of the fort, he said to Dr. Gustine: " I can protect you and the others with you, today, and for this night also, but I can not promise you safety by to-morrow." That night the doctor was enaoled to procure a boat, and the next morning set off in it with his family and a few others, down the Susquehanna. Landing, for a short time, at Fort Augusta and also at Fort Hunter, he reached John Harris' Ferry, now Harrisburg ; and from thence Dr. Gustine proceeded to Carlisle. His daughter accompanied him, and in 1792 married the Rev. Nathaniel Snowden, then a licentiate of the Presbytery of Philadelphia, who had for several years resided at Carlisle as a student of Divinity, under the eminent Dr. Charles Nisbet. Mr. Minor, in his History of Wyoming (1845), referring to the family of Dr. William Hooker Smith, says : " But there was another daughter who was married to Dr. Gustine, whose name will be found in the capitulation of Forty Fort. Dr. Gustine moved to another part of the State, and an only daughter of theirs, who was in the fort at the time of the surrender, married the Rev. Mr. Snowden, father of James Ross Snowden. The heart leaps more quickly, and the life current flows more kindly at the mention of his name, when we recollect that the late honored Speaker of the House of' Representatives, and present Treasurer of the Commonwealth is the descendent of one of the Wyoming sufferers." Dr. Gustine, after the massacre of Wyoming, located in Carlisle, Penn'a., and soon became distinguished as a practitioner of medicine. He married Rebecca Parker, and became the father of four sons, James, Samuel, Richard and Lemuel, and two daughters. He was a Presbyterian, and was elected a trustee in the old church, in the borough of Carlisle, in 1795. He had a brother, Dr. Joel Gustine, who practiced medicine in West Chester, Virginia, and afterwards in Washington City. His only sister, Hannah Gustine, married Archibald Loudon, Esq., of Carlisle, the oldest survivor of the family. Dr. Gus-tine died October 7th, 1805, in the 77th year of his age, and was buried in the old Cemetery, in the borough of Carlisle. Dr. James Gustine, oldest son of Lemuel, pursued his academic studies in Dickinson College, and graduated to the class of 1798, with the degree of A. B. He afterwards received the degree of A. M. from the same institution. He pursued the study of medicine in the office of his father, and graduated after the usual courses of lectures, in the University of Pennsylvania, with the degree of M. D. He located in Natchez, Miss , but afterward returned to Carlisle to assist his father, whose health began to fail. He was elected a trustee of Dickinson College, in 1808, and continued to hold this position until 1820. Several years after his father's death, he returned to Natchez, where he spent the remainder of life as a planter, and as a practitioner of medicine. Dr. Samuel Gustine, the second son of Lemuel, also received a liberal education. He pursued the study of medicine in the office of his father and his brother, and after practising several years in Carlisle went south with his brother James. DR. GEORGE STEVENSON.—In view of the number and character of the military personages furnished by Carlisle, in the olden times, it has been justly called the " nursery of brave officers,"* and among these we place Dr. George Stevenson. It is true that the latter *Denney's Military Journal, p. 239, HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 183 part of his life was spent in Pittsburgh, but a large portion of it belonged to Carlisle, where as at Pittsburgh, he was a leading and influential citizen ; and as the family may be regarded among our historical families, there is an evident propriety that this sketch should be as full as necessary brevity will admit, especially as the subject of it was one of those worthies who wisely and earnestly endeavored to secure a country, government, and institutions now second to none in all the elements of popular happiness and prosperity, and for which posterity, should be ever grateful. His father, George Stevenson, L. L. D., was born in Dublin, Ireland, in 1718, and had emigrated to America, near the middle of the last century. He had previously graduated at Trinity College in his native city, and being an excellent classical scholar opened a school at New Castle, Delaware, where he conributed to the education of those who became, more or less, prominent in the busy scenes of life. He was a practical surveyor, then an important character, and was subsequently appointed Deputy Surveyor General, under Nicolas Scull for the three lower counties on the Delaware, called " the territories of Pennsylvania," the right to which William Penn obtained from James Duke, of York, in 1682. Afterwards, Mr. Stevenson moved from New Castle to York, Pennsylvania, and there commenced the practice of law, which he successfully pursued. As an evidence of his worth in this regard, he was commissioned a judge of the counties of York and Cumberland, his commission bearing date 1755, and in the reign of George the Second. He had become a very large land holder and engaged in the manufacture of iron. He with William Thompson, and George Ross afterwards a signer of the Declaration of Independence, erected and owned what was called Mary Ann Furnace in York county, as early as 1764. As well as Spring Forge a few miles distant from the furnace. In 1769, Mr. Stevenson moved to Carlisle and embarked as a pioneer in the iron business, at the place called Mount Holly, about seven miles south of town. In this enterprise, however, owing to the dishonesty of another, he became greatly reduced, and returned to the practice of the law. He took a prominent part in the affairs of our country at that early period, and some of his correspondence may be seen in the Colonial Records and Pennsylvania Archives. He died in Carlisle, in 1783, and his widow in 1791. He had married Mrs. Mary Cookson, the sister of General William Thompson and widow of Mr. Thomas Cookson a distinguished lawyer of Lancaster, who had been instructed with Nicolas Scull to lay out the town of Carlisle, in 1751. By this marriage, George Stevenson was born in York, Pennsylvania, in 1759. Three daughters completed the family. Nancy married John Holmes, of Baltimore, an eminent merchant and polished gentleman. Catharine married General John Wilkins, of Pittsburgh, brother of the Honorable William Wilkins, and Mary married Dr. James Armstrong, son of old General Armstrong, of Kittaning memory. Young Stevenson was attending a classical academy established in Carlisle by an Irish clergyman, Rev. Henry McKinley, and there he remained until the school was broken up by the war in 1778, the teacher and several of his pupils accepting commissions in the army, and of this number our youthful patriot was one, being appointed a first lieutenant in Chambers' Regiment, the first of the Pennsylvania line. In this capacity, as stated in a letter by General John Armstrong, Secretary of War under Madison, he was " highly esteemed for merits professional and personal." In the field, at the battle of Brandywine, he was distinguished for his gallantry by drawing off, under a shower of canister and grape-shot a piece of artillery that had been abandoned. He subsequently drew an admirable plan of that battle, still in the possession of the family, a duplicate copy of which he presented to General LaFayette on the occasion of his visit to the battle-field in September, 1825, on the day of the anniversary celebration of it. With his corps he spent the memorable winter of 177'1-78 at Valley Forge. But family circumstances calling him home, he resigned his commission in the latter part of 1778, and commenced the study of medicine in Carlisle with Dr. McCoskey, the father of the Bishop of the Diocese of Michigan. Afterwards he re-entered the army as a surgeon, and there remained until the close of the war. Ile then returned to Carlisle, and resumed the civil practice of his profession. In 1794, to aid in suppressing the whiskey insurrection in western Pennsylvania he commanded the Carlisle Infantry, organized ten years previously, a company whose admirable drill and equipment, as well as personnel, won the high commendation of Washington, who remained in Carlisle a few days at that time. He was commissioned Captain of the Infantry, by Governor Mifflin, Aug. 28, 1793, and the company had in its ranks several of the most distinguished men in the community, as is evident from the following extract taken from a journal kept by Mr. Andrew Holmes, one of the members of the company : " Saturday, October 11th, 1794, at two o'clock P. M., the Carlisle Light Infantry together with three or four thousand troops, Cavalry, Rifle and Infantry marched from Carlisle to Mount Rock. The officers of the Carlisle Infantry were as follows: Captain, George Stevenson ; 1st. Lieut., Robert Miller ; 2nd. Lieut. William Miller ; Ensign, Thomas Creigh ; Orderly Sergeant, William Armor ; Sergeant Major, George Hacket ; Drum Major, James Holmes and 52 privates—among whom were Thomas Duncan, David Watts, John Lyon, Andrew Holmes, Nathaniel Weakley, Archibald Loudon, Thomas Foster, Robert McClure, Archibald Ramsey, Francis Gib son, &c." At Sideling Hill Captain Stevenson was made Major. " After a tour of service along the Monongahela and at Fort Pitt, the company was mustered out, and returned to Carlisle by way of Strawsburg, December 5th, 1794." We can easily conceive what a handsome military officer Dr. Stevenson made, being very tall, perfectly erect, well proportioned, manly and commanding in his hearing. After the settlement of the whiskey troubles Dr. Stevenson removed his family to Pittsburgh, when he resumed the practice of medicine. When war was expected with France in 1798, Dr. Stevenson was commissioned Major in the tenth United States Regiment, in what was known as Adams' Provincial Army. He had the supervision of all the recruiting service in this state west of the Alleghenies, and had his headquarters at Pittsburgh (and thence lie conducted the obsequies of Washington). Mr. Jefferron's accession to the Presidency led to disbanding the army, and Dr. Stevenson returned to his civil practice. During a dark hour of financial pressure in public affairs, and as a matter of immediate relief in the Autumn of 1812, when the banking institutions of the borough of Pittsburgh could give no further aid and. Treasury drafts on the Bank of Pennsylvania remained useless, Dr. Stevenson and Major Kirkpatrick staked their " private fortunes and credit to the last cent" to sustain the operations in the Quarter Master's Department at Pittsburgh so necessary to a vigorous and successful prosecution of the war. This offer was accepted to the amounts of upwards of forty thousand dollars, and effected the purposes in, 184 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. tended by it to the fullest extent as subsequently stated in a most gratifying letter to Dr. Stevenson, by the commanding officer, R. Johnston, an honorable instance of his true patriotism, not less than his strong faith in the stability of the Republic ! And this was done when Dr. Stevenson was a Federalist and the administration Democratic. For many years he was among the very foremost friends and patrons of a high education, and served as a trustee of Dickinson College, Carlisle, from 1792 to 1827. He was also one of the founders of the Western University of Pennsylvania at Pittsburgh in 1819, now in a very flourishing condition, and he was the efficient President of the Board of Trustees associated with such sterling men as Francis Herron, Jonathan Walker, William Wilkins, Henry Baldwin, Harman Denny, Walter Forwards, Morgan Neville, Peter Mowry and others, all eminent citizens of Pittsburgh who have not had their superiors in the community, in purity of character, and unselfish devotion to the public good. Dr. Stevenson had served as Chief Burgess of Pittsburgh, when it was only a borough, and he had been for a long time President of the City Council until he removed from the place. As a borough it was incorporated in 1794, and as a city in 1816. He was one of the first directors of the Branch Bank of Pennsylvania, established at Pittsburgh in 1804, the very first bank ever established west of the Allegheny Mountains and afterwards merged in the office of the Banks of the United States ; General James O'Hara was the President of it. It is worthy of mention here, that of the first directors of this first bank, six had been officers in the army of the Revolution, Ebenezer Denny, Abraham Kirkpatrick, Presley Neville, George Stevenson, Adamson Fannehill and John Wilkins. Indeed many of the original settlers had been such men, and "made quite a colony of retired officers at De-un-da-ga, the Seneca name for Pittsburgh and literally signifying The Forks. Dr. Stevenson was not only a director but President of the U. S. Bank in Pittsburgh at the time that Longdon Cheres was President of the Mother Bank in Philadelphia. When the latter gentleman had concluded to retire from his high and responsible position he received a friendly letter from Dr. Stevenson, and in his reply of December 14, 1822, Mr. Cheres says : I can with great truth and sincerity reciprocate your kind expressions concerning our official relations. Under your auspices and very much by your personal exertions, the office at Pittsburgh has not only been rescued from great danger and losses, but has been restored to something like prosperity. In my immediate duties concerning that office I have acted with a confidence and ease of mind which would have been denied me if I had not known and felt that I was acting with a gentleman and man of honor, &c." Nicholas Biddle succeeded Cheres, and in a letter to Dr. Stevenson under date of April 12, 1825, he apprises him of the re-organization of the U. S. Bank at Cincinnatti, and that the Doctor was elected first director, with the decided wish of the board that he should be chosen to preside over the office. And then Mr. Biddle adds : The board indeed feel great pleasure at the circumstances that in resuming its business in a place where the Bank has suffered so deeply, and when all their experience warns them to proceed with the utmost caution they are able to connect with the management of their affairs a gentleman who has so long enjoyed their utmost confidence, and on whose integrity and discretion they can rely so entirely, &c." How delightfully refreshing now-a-days to read such testimony from such a source, and under such circumstances ! He did not, however, go to what became the acknowledged commercial metropo lis of the West, and we need not here conjecture or predict the results had he gone; but not long afterwards he moved to Wilmington, Delaware, and there spent the brief balance of his useful and honored life. He was also one of the original members of the " General Society of the Cincinnati," instituted in 1783. When he died his son, Henry Stevenson, M. D., U. S. Army, as the " eldest male branch, succeeded the father in 1830, and when he died, not having a son, then his brother, Dr. T. C. Stevenson, now of Carlisle, succeeded to the honor in 1854, and has at present in his posession, among other valuable relics and souvenirs of the past, the original diploma of membership which belonged to his excellent and honored father. As a physician, Dr. Stevenson was well read and judicious, and in his large practice he was eminently kind and skillful. As a citizen, he was public spirited, highly esteemed, and exerted a large and controlling influence, socially, commercially and politically, and his is among a few family names mentioned in Brackenridge's Recollections of the West, as names which will long be handed down by tradition. In estimating his character we are authorized to say that he was a man of broad views, and strong convictions, possessing a superior judgment with all the instincts and impulses of a high-toned gentle. man, and with such an intimate and nicely cultured sense of honor and honesty, that inspired lasting confidence and commanded the greatest admiration—a character—the richest and most precious legacy a father could bequeath to his children, or to the community. The worthy subject of this sketch left Pittsburgh in 1825, and removed to Wilmington, Delaware, where his long and useful life was finished in 1829. X. Dr. SAMUEL FAHNESTOCK, of German descent, practiced medicine and kept a drug store in Carlisle, between 1800 and 1820. He war married and had one son—a mute. He removed to Pittsburgh, Penn'a., engaged in the practice of medicine, and died there. DR. GEORGE DELAP FOULK was born one mile from Carlisle, Cumberland county, Penn'a., November 12th, 1780. His father, Stephen Foulk, was born October 15th, 1732, and was among the first settlers in the Cumberland Valley. He married Sarah Delap, June 10th, 1777, and is said to have built the Mt. Holly Iron Works. He died Nov. 20, 1800. The father of Stephen was also Stephen Foulk ; he was born in Wales, England, February 12th, 1702, and came to this country at an early day. He married Esther Willis, August 23rd, 1823. George, the subject of this narrative, enjoyed the advantages of early training, and when old enough was sent to Dickinson College, where he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts, in the class of 1800, the year in which his father died. Having a desire to study medicine he selected Dr. Potter, of Baltimore, as his preceptor, at this time Professor of Theory and Practice in the University of Maryland, and in 1802 or 1803, obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine from this institution. About the same time the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by his Alma Mater. Thus prepared for professional work, Dr. Foulk first located in Bedford, Pa., where he remained only a few years. In the meantime, 1804, he married Mary Steel, a daughter of Ephraim Steel, a merchant of Carlisle, and in 1803 was induced to return to his native valley and town, where he continued during the remainder of life. Dr. Foulk was a man of fine personal appearance, as well as of HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 185 great physical strength ; be was an indefatigable worker, seldom going to bed until midnight, and generally rising with the light of the morning ; he had a large practice and was partial to surgery, often going 40 or 50 miles to make difficult surgical operations. It is said that he never denied a call, no matter how inconvenient the hour or how severe the weather. Financially, be was not a success. Generous to a fault, he suffered much from endorsements, and was often imposed upon. His ambition was to give his children an excellent education ; he was brought up in the Protestant Episcopal church ; and after a life of great activity and usefulness died, August 14th, 1849, in the 69th year of his age, and was buried in the old cemetery in the borough of Carlisle. DR. GEORGE WILLIS FOULKE, son of George Delap Foulke, M. D , was born in Carlisle, Pa., October 8th, 1822; he enjoyed the advantages of early religious training, and was sent to Dickinson College where he graduated in the class of 1845, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. In the department of the Natural Sciences he especially excelled, and for " Superior Drawings and Knowledge of Architecture," Prof. Sudler made him a valuable present on the day of his graduation. He pursued the study of medicine in the office of his father, attended his first course of lectures in the University of Maryland, and afterward, in 1848, graduated at Jefferson Medical College with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. At the same time the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by his literary Alma Mater. Returning from lectures, Dr. Foulke commenced the practice of his profession in Carlisle, with the view of taking his father's place ; he gave great promise of distinction, especially in the department of Surgery, but was cut off in the morning of life, March 4th, 1850, and was buried with his father, in the old cemetery, in the borough of Carlisle. DR. LEWIS W. FOULKE, of Chillicothe, Ohio, was born August 6, 1809 ; his father was George D. Foulke, M. D., of Carlisle, Pa. He was brought up in the Protestant Episcopal church, and enjoyed all the advantages of an early education ; he pursued his academic studies in Dickinson College, and graduated in the class of 1829, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Selecting the profession of his father, he entered his office as a student, and in 1832 received the degree of Doctor of Medicine, from the University of Maryland. About the same time his literary Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Mastrr of Arts. Thus equipped for professional work, Dr. Foulke commenced the practice of medicine with his father, and continued until 1836, when he settled in Chillicothe, Ohio, and soon after obtained a lucrative practice. In 1846 he advocated the adoption of free schools for Chillicothe, and was the first President of the Board, and continued in this position twelve years, when he declined re-election. He subscribed the first stock in the Gas Works of Chillicothe—was first President of the Ohio Insurance Company, of Chillicothe, and is now President of the Chillicothe Cemetery Company. In 1877 he was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine, an institution which has adopted a European standard. Dr. Foulke was married to Elizabeth M. McCoy, in 1389, and has one daughter living, who is married to Augustus S. Franklin, M. D., a Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine. DR. JAMES ARMSTRONG, the older of the two sons of Gen. John Armstrong, Sr., was born in Carlisle in the year 1749. His distinguished father. having a high appreciation of learning, secured for him the best teachers that could be obtained at this early day, on the frontier ; and when old enough sent him to Nassau Hall, at Princeton, now the College of New Jersey, where he completed his academic studies. Having a desire to study medicine, he consented to an arrangement with Dr. John Morgan, of Philadelphia, one of the founders of the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, by which he was apprenticed to him for the period of four years, as was the custom in England and in the Colonies in those days. At the close of his term of study and service and attendance upon lectures, far too extensive for the young man of to-day he obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine, in the University, in 1769, and selected Virginia as the field of his future career. Accordingly he located in Winchester, which had become the centre of an intelligent and spirited population. But for some reason or other he became discouraged, and having a desire to visit Europe, as Dr. Morgan, Dr. Shippen and other distinguished practitioners had done, he set out for London, where be spent several years in the further prosecution of professional studies. On his return to Carlisle, and when lie was forty years of age, he married Mary Stevenson, a daughter of one of the earliest settlers west of the Susquehanna, a gentleman of wealth and superior attainments. He soon after removed to Kishacoquillas Valley, then almost a wilderness, and there became the owner of a large tract of land, on which he lived nearly twelve years. During this time he was elected to represent the people of the Third district of Pennsylvania, in Congress ; but after the expiration of his term of office lie retired to private life, which he greatly preferred. He was elected trustee of Dickinson College in 1796, and held this position until near the close of his life, being President of the Board sixteen years. In 1801 be purchased a tract of land six miles west of Carlisle, and returned to his native county. Eight years after this he moved into town and took possession of the old homestead that his father had left him, in order that his children might more conveniently embrace the advantages of education. In the same year, 1808, he was appointed Associate Judge in the county of Cumberland, in place of Hon. John Montgomery, deceased. He was a Presbyterian ; and in 1813 was elected a trustee in the old church in Carlisle, in which his father was a ruling elder for many years ; he continued in the old mansion during the remainder of life, practising his profession and entertaining a large circle of friends and, it is said, died in the same house in which he was born. Dr. Armstrong inherited many of the traits of his illustrious father —a vigorous intellect, a strong will, a love of freedom, a high sense of honor. He had a retentive memory, and was fluent in conversation. He had a great fondness for horses. The writer of this sketch often heard his son (now dead) speak of him as an excellent horseman. " He always rode with whip and spur, and vaulted into the saddle with dignity and grace." One can imagine the Doctor on horseback, tall and straight as an arrow, with wig and cue done up in artistic style, setting out from Carlisle on his annual tour across the Alleghenies to collect the revenues from the estates which his father had left him, a distance of nearly 200 miles, and in a few days returning apparently without the least fatigue. As the father of Doctor Armstrong will be frequently referred to in the general history of the county, it is only necessary to state that he, with two brothers, George and William, the former being captured dur- 186 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ing the Revolution, and his sister Margaret, emigrated from the North of Ireland and settled in Carlisle sometime before the year 1748. He died in 1765, " eminently distinguished for patriotism, valor and piety." He was buried in the old cemetery in Carlisle. And for a similar reason it is only necessary to say that his brother, General John Armstrong, Jr., no less distinguished than his father, was born in Carlisle, November 25, 1758 ; and that after being Senator from the State of New York, Minister to France and Secretary of War, under Mr. Madison, he died at Red Bank, N. J., April 1, 1843, in the 85th year of his age. Dr. Armstrong had nine children, three of whom died in early life, and two still remain. Alfred graduated in the class of 1823, of Dickinson College and has spent his life as a teacher of the Ancient Languages. He resides in Washington City, and Catharine in Richmond, Virginia. It is needless to say that Dr. Armstrong was everywhere recognized as a gentleman of superior attainments. He was kind and generous to a fault ; the poor were never turned away empty from his door. He was free from the vices of his age and yet he allowed his fortune to pass out of his hands, sacrificing his estates from year to year to meet the expenses of his house, which was always open for the entertainment of his numerous friends. He died in 1828, being 82 years of age, and was buried with his father in the old cemetery in the borough of Carlisle. DR. JOHN ARMSTRONG was born in 1799. His father, Dr. James Armstrong gave him all the advantages of early instruction and at the age of twelve sent him to Dickinson College, in which institution he completed his academic studies. Preferring the profession of his father, he entered his office as a student, and afterwards completed his studies in the University of Pennsylvania. He married in 1825, practiced in Dillsburg, Pa., afterwards in Bellefonte and finally returned to Cumberland in 1842. He was brought up in the Presbyterian church, and in the later years of his life, made a public profession of faith in Jesus of Nazareth in whom his fathers had trusted. With the view of securing for his grand-son, the present John A. Herman, Esq., of Harrisburg, Pa., an education such as he had received, he accompanied his daughter Mary, the widow of Christian B. Herman, of Silver Spring township, to Princeton, N. J., where he spent the remainder of life. He died in the 72nd year of his age, leaving two sons and two daughters. The following brief memorial, which we prefer to give in full, is from the pen of his classmate and intimate friend, the late Dr. David N. Mahon : The immediate ancestors of Dr. Armstrong took such a prominent part in the early settlement of Pennsylvania, and the subsequen struggle of the country for independence, that it seems fitting when a descendant of that stock goes to the Lomb, that he should receive more than a passing notice. General John Armstrong settled at Carlisle, in 1751, and assisted in laying out the town. His public services—civil and military—had an important bearing on the infant settlements; and the destruction of the Indian town of Kittanning, in what is now Armstrong county, by the expedition under his command, completely broke the power of the savages in the middle portion of the State. He was afterwards a member of the Provincial Congress, and as a Major General in the army of the Revolution, commanded the " Pennsylvania line" at the battle of the Brandywine. General Armstrong left two sons: Major John Armstrong, aid-de-camp to General Gates, in the Revolutionary war, afterwards Minister to France, and Secretary of War during Madison's administration. He married into the Livingston family of New York, and his daughter is now the wife of Willian B. Astor, Esq., the " millionaire" of New York city. The other son was the late Dr. James Armstrong, of this place, who, on his return from Europe, where he finished his medical education, married the sister of Dr. John Stevenson, and was known here as a very eminent physician for many years. Dr. John Armstrong was the eldest son of this marriage. He studied medicine under his father. and, for some years, practiced in Bellefonte. He removed to Carlisle about 1844, and remained in practice until his failing health forced him to relinquish the profession. He possessed a highly cultivated mind, and his talents, under more favorable auspices, would have gained distinction in almost any walk of life. His skill as a physician was of no ordinary character ; his social qualities were of a high order, and he had grace and dignity of manner that bespoke the innate gentleman. He cherished a warm affection for his native place, and a few months ago, on the eve of his removal to Princeton, he told his friends that he would die within a year, and requested that his body might be brought to Carlisle and deposited in the family burying-ground. His funeral took place on Thursday, the tenth inst., attended by his relatives and friends, and the Union Philosophical Society of Dickinson college, of which he was a member. REQUIESCAT IN PACE. DR. EPHRAIM M. BLAINE, son of Robert Blaine, Esq., and grandson of Col. Ephraim Blaine, who served with distinction in the Revolutionary war, was born in Carlisle, Sept. 24th 1796. He graduated in the class of 1814 in Dickinson College, and obtained the degree of M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1827, the subject of his thesis being CYNANCHE TRACHEALIS. He practiced medicine in Carlisle several years before he attended his last course of lectures, after which he received an appointment of Assistant Surgeon in the U. S. Army, and died in the service, in Savannah, Ga., March 13th 1835. DR. ADAM HAYS, uncle of John Hays, Esq., of Carlisle, was born in Cumberland county, Pa., in 1792. He was educated in Dickinson College, studied medicine with Dr. McCoskry and graduated with the degree of M. D. in the University of Pennsylvania in 1811. He immediately entered the army as an Assistant Surgeon and resigned at the close of the war. He practiced medicine in Chillicothe, Ohio several years, and then returned to Carlisle, where he engaged in the practice of his profession. In 1817, Dr. Hays married Charlotte, daughter of Charles McClure, Esq. of Letort Springs ; in 1823, Dickinson College conferred upon him the honorary degree of A. M.; and in 1829, he removed to Pittsburgh, where he spent the remainder of his life. He died in August. 1837. DR. WILLIAM CHESTNUT CHAMBERS was born near Harrisburg, Pa., in 1790. His grandfather was, no doubt, one of the four brothers—James, Robert, Joseph and Benjamin who emigrated from Antrim county, Ireland, about the year 1726, and settled first on the east of the Susquehanna, but soon after crossed the river and took possession of lands in different parts of the Cumberland Valley, Benjamin the youngest, going as far west among the Indians as Chambersburg, which bears his name. The other brothers are said to have taken up. HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 187 lands at Middle Spring, Green Spring, Middlesex and along the river. The subject of this sketch was brought up in the Presbyterian church. He was educated in Dickinson College, and in the medical department of the University of Pennsylvania. He settled in Carlisle as a practitioner of Medicine and soon after married Mary Ege, daughter of Michael Ege, well-known as an extensive land-owner and manufacturer of iron in Cumberland county. They had three sons—Arthur, Rev. Talbot W. Chambers. D. D., of New York, and William. The latter had decided talents as an artist, visited Italy, but died early in life. Several of his portrait paintings are very highly valued. Their daughters were Annie, Elizabeth, and Mary, who was married to Hon. George Sharswood, one of the present Judges of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Dr. Chambers, though much esteemed as a physician, relinquished, the practice of medicine after several years, and engaged in the manufacture of flour and of iron. In 1838, he removed to Philadelphia and died there in 1857. DR. ALFRED FOSTER was born in Carlisle, Pa., in the year 1790. His father, Thomas Foster, who had also two younger sons, Thomas and Crawford, and two daughters, gave him all the advantages of an early education. Accordingly he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Dickinson College in the class of 1809. Having completed his academic studies he selected Dr. Samuel A. McCoskry, as his preceptor, and immediately entered his office as a student of medicine. It is not known from what institution he obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine, though he is credited with it by his literary Alma Mater. In 1812, the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by Dickinson College. Thus prepared for professional work, Dr. Foster accepted the appointed of " Hospitable Surgeon's Mate U. S Army, April 27th 1814," and remained in the service until the close of the war. In 1816, he returned to Carlisle and opened an office disregarding the rule, that a prophet is not without honor save in his own country. His superior intellectual endowments, however, in connection with a commanding appearance, secured for him the confidence of the people and a large show of public patronage. He was an excellent classical scholar and it is said that he also possessed superior talents for mathematics, frequently undertaking the selection of the most difficult scientific problems. He was remarkable for his modesty, often allowing those of inferior attainments to take his place. Dr. Foster was brought up in the Protestant Episcopal church and died in 1847 in the 37th year of his age, and was burried in the " old Cemetary" in the borough of Carlisle. DR. JOHN CREIGH was born in Carlisle, Pa., September 13th, 1773. His father, Hon. John Creigh, Associate Judge of Cumberland county, emigrated from Ireland in 1761 and settled in Carlisle. He took an active part in the American Revolution, being one of the nine representatives from Cumberland county who signed the first Declaration of Independence issued by the Provincial Conference which met at Carpenter's Hall, Philadelphia, and which was adopted June 24th, 1776, and therefore ten days prior to the Declaration of Independence of the colonies dated July 4th, 1776. His commission as a military officer of Cumberland county is in the possession of his grandson, Dr. Alfred Creigh, of Washington, Pa., as also a Dedimus Potestatem by which he administered the oath of abjuration, allegiance and fidelity to six hundred and forty-two citizens of Carlisle and its vicinity, as directed by a Resolution of Congress passed Feb. 3rd, 1778 ; the original signatures being in a perfect state of preservation, and recalls the names of the first settlers of Carlisle. After a life of great usefulness, both in church and state, he died Feb. 17th, 1813. Judge Creigh had three sons and three daughters. Thomas was educated for the legal profession and died in Carlisle, October' 25th, 1809; Samuel for mercantile pursuits, and died in Ohio in 1835, and John for the medical profession. Isabella was first married to Samuel Alexander, of Carlisle, and afterwards to Robert Evans, of Cecil county, Maryland ; Mary to Hon. John Kennedy, Judge of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, and Elizabeth to Samuel Duncan, Esq., of Carlisle. Such is the history in brief of the family of Judge Creigh, but the present history is to commemorate the life of his son, John Creigh, M. D. He was brought up in the faith of the Presbyterian church—the church of his ancestors— especially in the Presbyterian church of Carlisle, in which his father had been an active member, a zealous elder, and a faithful trustee for many years. He was sent to Dickinson College, in which institution he graduated in 1792 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He then became a student of medicine in the office of Dr. Samuel McCoskry, and after attending the usual course of medical lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, and obtained the degree of Doctor of Medicine. At the same time his literary Alma Mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. Thus prepared for the active duties of his profession he located in Pittsburgh in 1795 ; then in Lewistown, Mifflin county, in 1796, where he married Eleanor Dunbar, only daughter of John Dunbar, Esq., of Cumberland county, and a ruling elder of the Presbyterian church. In 1799 he removed to Landisburg, now in Perry county, in which place he remained until 1819, when he returned to his native town and to the old family mansion in Carlisle. Of his immediate family who are living are Hon. John D. Creigh, of San Francisco California ; Rev. Thomas Creigh, D. D., and his sister Elenor Jane, of Mercersburg, Franklin county, and Alfred Creigh, L.L. D., of Washington county, Pa. Dr. John Creigh was honored by holding commissions from Gov. McKean, Gov. Finley, Gov. Wolf and Gov. Porter. In 1814, when the capitol at Washington was burned to ashes by the British, he enrolled a company in two days, volunteered his services, was accepted by Gov. Snyder, and was assigned the second post of honor in the Pennsylvania line. He was a Trustee of Dickinson College from 1827 to 1833, when it passed into the hands of the Methodist Episcopal church. He was also a Trustee of the Presbyterian church of Carlisle, and for many years its Treasurer. As a physician he ranked among the first in his profession, and had a large and laborious practice. As a neighbor he was kind, amiable and affectionate, ever ready to assist in relieving the suffering and the wants of his fellow-citizens. Throughout his medical life he regarded the honor and virtue of the medical profession as of the highest character, and as far as his influence went he condemned every attempt to lower the status of the profession. Dr. Creigh died in the faith of the church in which he was brought up Nov. 7th, 1848, and was buried with his ancestors in the old cemetery in the borough of Carlisle. DR. JOHN STEEL Gain, brother of the present Samuel and Robert Givin, was born in Carlisle, Pa., Jan. 3rd, 1796. Their father, James Givin, emigrated from Coleraine, Ireland, about 1788, and married Amelia Steel, daughter of John Steel, Esq , attor- 188 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ney-at-law, who, with his distinguished father, Rev. Capt. John Steel took an active part in the Revolutionary war. The latter obtained his commission at an advanced age in 1775 ; the former was Lieutenant in 1778 (see Colonial Records), and afterwards, as it is said, commanded a company which he recruited for the service in the Cumberland valley. Dr. Givin was educated in the University of Pennsylvania, from which institution he received the degree of M. D. in 1820. The subject of his thesis was Rheumatism. He settled in Carlisle as a practitioner of medicine and druggist. He was accidentally killed by the bursting of an iron six pounder on the Barracks grounds near Carlisle, July 4th, 1825. William Bell was also killed and several others were seriously injured. DR, THEODORE MYERS was born in the city of Baltimore, May 27th, 1802. It is said that he graduated with the degree of M. D. in the University of Maryland in 1823. He soon after settled in Carlisle, Pa., and commenced the practice of his profession. In 1825 he married Sarah A. Irwin, a lady of talent and education. She gave to the publisher in 1861 an excellent translation of Martin's Natural History in two volumes, and was the author of several works which are highly appreciated. She died in Carlisle, Dec. 17th, 1875. Dr. Myers was an active member of the Methodist Episcopal church and was much esteemed as a physician. He was elected a Trustee of Dickinson College in 1833, and continued to hold the position until taken away in the vigor of life. He died Feb. 20th, 1839, and was buried in the old cemetery in the borough of Carlisle. DR. JOHN MYERS, a brother of Dr. Theodore Myers, was born in Baltimore, Jan. 23rd, 1806. He graduated in the University of Maryland with the degree of M. D. in 1826. He soon after settled in Carlisle as a physician and druggist. In 1839 he married Margaret Ames, and had a family of several children. He was appointed Surgeon in the U. S. Marine Hospital located on the Ohio river below Pittsburgh. He died August 24th, 1854, at the residence of his brother-in-law, Judge Joseph S. Carson, in Winchester, Virginia. DR. JOHN ELLIOTT was born in Carlisle, Pa , in 1797. His ancestors emigrated from Ireland and settled in the Cumberland valley at an early day. His father was John Elliott, and James Elliott, Esq., of Big Spring, now in his 79th year, is one of the branches of the family. Completing his academical studies in Dickinsen College he selected Dr. McCoskry as his preceptor, and in 1820, after attending the usual courses of lectures in the University of Pennsylvania the degree of M. D. was conferred upon him. The subject of his thesis was Oleum Terebithinae. Dr. Elliott settled in Newville, Cumberland county, but soon returned to his native town where he continued to practice his profession. He was brought up in the Methodist Episcopal church and after a brief career died, June 12th, 1829. He was buried with his fathers in the borough of Carlisle. DR. DAVID NELSON MAHON, son of Rev. Samuel Mahon, was born in Pittsburgh, Pa., in 1797 or 98. He was brought up partly in the family of his uncle, Judge Jonathan Walker, of Bedford, Pa., and partly in the family of his uncle James Duncan, Esq., of Carlisle. He enjoyed the advantages of cultivated society and early instruction, and when sufficiently advanced in his studies, was sent to Dickinson College from which institution he graduated with the degree of A. B. in the year 1815, having for his classmates William M. Sharp, M. D., Charles N. McCoskry, M. D., and George T. Martin, M. D. He immediately afterwards entered the office of Dr. James Gustine, of Carlisle, and whilst a student of medicine attended lectures in the University of Pennsylvania and graduated in 1820 with the degree of M. D. At the same time the degree of A. M. was conferred upon him by his literary Alma Mater. In 1821 he received the appointment of Assistant Surgeon in the U. S. Navy and soon after went to sea on board the " Constellation" under the command of Commodore Ridgely. The cruise of the ship continued three years, which was quite sufficient for the young doctor. On his return to the U. S. he visited Natchez, Miss., where his preceptor, Dr. Gustine, had, in the mean time, located, but he preferred the freedom and independence of his native state, and soon after settled in Carlisle where he spent the remainder of his life. In 1829 Dr. Mahon married Elizabeth Neill, the daughter of Rev. William Neill, then President of Dickinson College, and became the father of two children, Mary and William, but in 1838 his wife died. In 1851 he married Julia the daughter of Admiral John Montgomery and by this marriage two more were added to his family. Annie and Montgomery. The children all survive the parents. Intellectually, Dr. Mahon stood far above the average of men. He was fond of the classics, rather than of science. He had an excellent memory and could repeat Homer, Horace and Shakespeare at pleasure. As a physician he might be taken as a model. He was careful, not only in diagnosis, but in the administration of remedies. He held in contempt every species of deception and quackery and was unwilling that medicine should be praised for what does not belong to it. In his intercourse with his fellows he was frank and courteous, and in consultation often yielded his judgment when there was no necessity for it. His inclinations led him into the special department of medicine rather than into surgery or obstetrics ; and besides, he was unwilling to adopt the American idea of dispensing the medicine which he prescribed. As a consequence his practice was limited in a great measure to the borough in which he lived. Medicine with him was a profession rather than a business or a trade ; and in his department no man ever possessed the confidence of the people in a higher degree. In the sick room as elsewhere he had a suavity of manner and of speech which made him a favorite among the educated and refined. Dr. Mahon died August 29th, 1876, and was buried in Ashland Cemetery, in the borough of Carlisle, where his wife Julia Montgomery has since been laid. DR. JACOB JOHNSON was born in Halifax, Dauphin Co., Pa. He settled in Carlisle about 1825, engaged in the practice of medicine, and died of Apoplexy about 1831. DR JOHN PAXTON was born in 1796. His ancestry were Scotch-Irish who settled in Adams county, Pa., at an early day. His brother was Col. James Paxton who engaged in the manufacture of iron in Pennsylvania and Maryland, many years. It is not known where he pursued his academic studies, but he obtained the degree of M. D. from the University Pennsylvania in 1820, the subject of his thesis being Epilepsy. Dr. Paxton settled in Carlisle about 1828 ; was married ; was a Presbyterian ; and was much respected. He returned to his native-county on account of failing health and died of pulmonary consumption Dec. 27th, 1840, in the 44th year of his age. HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 189 DR. JACOB BAUGHMAN was born in Lebanon county Pa., March 18th, 1803. His father, Christian Baughman, was born in Germany in 1763 ; his mother, Anna Hurst was born in Lebanon county in 1774. His paternal grandfather emigrated to this country about 1770. Dr. Baughman was brought up in the faith of the German Reformed church on what is still known as the O'Brien farm not far from the Alms House, and in Carlisle on what was called Baughman's corner for fifty years. His preparatory studies were pursued in the Latin school in Hopewell township taught by Mr. Cooper. He pursued the study of medicine with Dr. Dean, of Chambersburg, and with Dr. Foulk, of Carlisle, and graduated in the University of Pennsylvania in 1826, with the degree of M. D. Dr. Baughman, after practicing medicine in Lancaster county several years, returned to Carlisle where he spent the remainder of his life in the active duties of his profession. In 1847 he married Mrs. John Zug, formerly Margaret A. Hood, of Big Spring, daughter of Col. Josiah Hood, who at the age of eighteen marched in Captain Squire's company in 1812 to defend Baltimore and the Capital. Dr. Baughman, though he had two brothers and one sister was the last of the family. He died November 27th, 1857, and was buried in the old cemetery in the borough of Carlisle. DR. WILLIAM H. BOYD, nephew of Chancellor Kent, of New York, settled in Carlisle as a practitioner of medicine about 1833, but after several years' residence went south and died. DR. J. M'NALLY was a native of Ireland and was educated there. He settled in Carlisle sometime before 1833 and commenced the practice of medicine. He married a daughter of Gen. Robert M'Coy who had represented the people of Cumberland in Congress. Dr. M'Nally went to New Orleans and it is said became quite wealthy. DR. CHARLES R. COOPER was born in Carlisle about 1807. He practiced medicine several years in his native town, and was married to Mary Hays, a sister of Dr. Adam Hays. He went west and died there. DR. WILLIAM IRVIN was a native of Centre county, Pa. He graduated in the University of Pennsylvania with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the year 1829, taking for the subject of his thesis Gastritis. He settled in Carlisle about 1840, but remained only five or six years. He returned to his native county and was afterwards appointed consul to Shanghai in China where he died. DR. STEPHEN BARNETT KIEFFER is a native of Franklin county, Pennsylvania. His great-grandfather emigrated from Alsace at an early day and settled in Berks county not far from Reading. His grandfather, Jacob Kieffer, was brought up in this county and died at the age of forty-seven. His grandfather, on the maternal side, was Abraham Kieffer, who resided near Strasburg, Franklin county, and died there at the age of ninety-six. His father was Stephen Kieffer, who married Mary M. Kieffer, a distant relation. They had four sons—Abraham, Stephen B., Daniel B., and Benevill J., and six daughters—Eliza, Martha M., Rebecca, Catharine, Sarah and Louisa G. The subject of this sketch was brought op on a farm until he had reached his eighteenth year when he entered the Grammar school at Mercersburg, Pa , and afterwards Marshall College from which institution he graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1848 He immediately after entered the office of Dr. R. Parker Little as a student of medicine and in 1851, after attending the usual courses of medical lectures obtained from the University of Pennsylvania the degree of M. D. At the same time the degree of Master of Arts was conferred upon him by his literary Alma Mater. In 1851 Dr. Kieffer was married to Kate E., daughter of George Keller, Esq , of Carlisle, in which place he resides. He enjoys the confidence of the people, is giving his undivided attention to his profession and has a large practice. He is a member of the Cumberland County Medical Society ; was President of the State Medical Society in 1873, and in 1876 was a member of the International Medical Congress in Philadelphia. In 1877 be was -elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Medicine. DR. ALFRED J. HERMAN was born in Montgomery county, Pa. His father, Rev. Frederick L. Herman emigrated from Germany to this country and settled first in Easton, Pa., where he became pastor of a. congregation ; several years after he removed to Germantown where he accepted a call as pastor. He had seven sons, most of whom entered the ministry of the German Reformed church with which their father was attached. All are dead except two, Rev. Lewis C. Her. man and the subject of this sketch. The latter studied medicine with Dr. Rutter, of Pottstown, Pa., and after attending lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, graduated with the degree of M. D. in. 1846. Dr. Herman soon after settled in Cumberland county Pa., and during the last twenty-five years has resided in Carlisle, where he has a large practice.. He is a member of the Cumberland County Medical Society and of the medical Society of the state. DR. WILLIAM HARVEY COOKE was born near York Sulphur Springs, Pennsylvania. The several branches of his family came from England in the latter part of the 17th, and in the beginning of the 18th century and settled around Philadelphia where they became large land owners. Thcy brought with them from their trans-Atlantic homes, letters of high commendation. His father, Jesse Cooke, is descended through a recent maternal ancestor of the Gilpin family whose written history extends back through a long line of American and English ancestry of more than twenty generations, to Richard De Guylpyn in 1206 who was then the owner and occupant of the manor of Kentmere in the north of, England. This country seat was occupied by successive generations of the family for more than six hundred years. From the early spelling of the name and other historical data in possession of the family it is more than likely that they came into England with William the Conqueror. His mother was the daughter of William Harvey, Esq., of Bucks county, Pa., who afterwards removed to the western part of the state. In this branch of his family was Joshua Humphreys, who has been styled the " Father of the American Navy," and justly too, as he designed and superintended the construction of the first six ships of war of the United States which did such effective service in maintaining our independence. The subject of this sketch received an academical education in 190 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Chester county, Pa , and after spending several years in teaching commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Hiram C. Metcalfe, a personal friend f his father. He subsequently matriculated in Jefferson Medical College and after pursuing the usual course f study required by the institution, graduated with the degree of M. D. Dr. Cooke spent several years on the western frontier during the Kansas troubles. He was among the first settlers in the Territory of Nebraska, filling important offices and taking a prominent part in the initial civic organizations. In 1859 he returned to his native State, where he was married to Elizabeth Richmond, only daughter of the Rev. Dr. J. H. Marsden, of Adams county, Pa., and grand daughter of the late Rev. Robert Smith Grier. Soon after his marriage Dr. Cooke settled in Carlisle, where he has ,enjoyed the confidence of the people and has had a large practice. He has been for many years a correspondent and meteorological observer for the Smithsonian Institution, at Washington, D. C. He is a member of the Historical Society of Pennsylvania, and also a member f the National and State Medical Societies. DR. EUGENE A. GROVE is a native of Cumberland county, Penn'a. His distinguished ancestor, Hans Graf, left Switzerland, his native country, about the year 1676, on account f religious persecution, being a Menonite. After spending several years in the province f Alsace, now in the possession of the Germans, he set out for America and " arrived in Pennsylvania in 1696 ; and after remaining for some years in the vicinity f Philadelphia, first located in the Pequea Valley-While in pursuit of his strayed horses he found his way into what is familiarly known as Grff's Thal, within the limits f West Earl township (Lancaster county, Pa.) Pleased with the country, he had wife, children and chattles conveyed thither ; and located on the stream now called Groff's Run, where he soon after took up land." A single tract, containing 1150 acres, was surveyed October 4, 1718. Afterwards he purchased 250 acres more. Hans Graf, sometimes written Hance Graef, was selected as one of the persons to lay out the " King's High Road," from Lancaster to Philadelphia, in 1733. He was the father f six sons—Peter, David, Hans, Daniel, Marcus and Samuel. At the time of his death in 1746 he was extensively known and highly respected, and was regarded as one of the wealthiest citizens of the colony. The sons, after the death of the father, divided the estate, each one taking possession of a part f the land. His third son, Hans, married and became the father of Jacob, Heinrich and Hans or John. Heinrich married and had five children, Jacob, Catharine, Elizabeth, George and Henry. He settled in York county, Pa., brought up his family and died there, leaving a will dated August 20th, 1780, in which his son John was appointed executor. In this will the English orthography, Henry Grove, is given, but the signature is " Heinrich Graf." Henry Grove, the youngest son of Heinrich Graf, married Catharine Hake, a daughter f Andrew Hake. He spent the early part of his life in York county, and in Baltimore City ; and afterwards purchased a farm and mill property on the Yellow Breeches creek, known as Quigley's mill, where he died in May, 1859, and his wife on October 25, 1877. He had one son, the late Henry H. Grove, and Susanna C., widow f Rev. John Ulrich, deceased, all of Carlisle, Pennsylvania, Henry H. Grove was born April 21st, 1817, one hundred years af ter his great-great-grand-father settled in Lancaster county. In May, 1841 he married Eliza Ann, eldest daughter f Michael G. and Ann Mary Herman Beltzhoover, of Cumberland county, Pa , and became the father of two sons, Henry B., and the subject of this sketch ; he died in Carlisle, September 17th, 1870 and his wife March 21st 1876. His son, Henry B. Grove, at the age f 24, much respected and esteemed by all who knew him, was assassinated without any provocation whatever, on the 29th f October, 1865. Whilst engaged finishing a picture in his own photograph gallery, in the city of Baltimore, Md., a pretended friend, who had gained his confidence, presented a pistol at the back of his head and killed him instantly. The assassin robbed him of $125, a gold watch and chain and a valuable ring, and hastily fled. lie was soon, however, arrested by the detectives and police, the Mayor f the City offering $500 dollars reward ; he was tried and convicted of murder in the first degree, but on account of some legal technicality and the use of money, as it is believed, he has never been executed. Dr. Grove, the only survivor of this branch of the family, was educated in the public schools of Carlisle, studied medicine with Dr. S. B. Kieffer, and graduated in the University f Pennsylvania with the degree f M. D., in 1870. He resides in Carlisle and is engaged in the practice of his profession. DR. R. LOWRY SIBBET is a native of Cumberland county, Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Samuel Sibbet, being a Presbyterian and a Republican in his native country— Ireland—was not considered a safe man either by the King or the British Parliament, and fifty guineas were offered for his head. He was not, however, without friends. Connected with the Masonic order, he found those who gave him notice of the intentions of the Government. Accordingly, after an affectionate farewell with his wife, Alice Lowry, and his three sons—James, Robert and Thomas—he set out with all possible haste and secrecy for the United States. He was concealed in the hold f a ship, and reached Baltimore in the month of May, 1800. A few months later, his devoted wife, having disposed of their personal effects, ventured to cross the ocean with her three helpless children, and landed safely at the same port. Having heard of the Scotch-Irish settlement in the beautiful Cumberland Valley, they at once proceeded to the head of the Big Spring, where they were welcomed by many warm friends, natives of the Emerald Isle. Here were added to their family Samuel, Margaret Lowry and Hugh Montgomery ; and here they spent the remainder of life. Thomas was born October 5th, 1797, and inherited the marked features f his Scotch-Irish mother. He married Catharine, the only daughter of Timothy and Rachael Ryan, who also emigrated from the North of Ireland about 1775, and settled four miles east of Shippensburg. They had seven children, five of whom remain—Rachel A., Robert L., Henry W., William R. and Anna M. The parents and the two children are buried in the Spring Hill Cemetery, in the borough f Shippensburg. The subject of this sketch graduated in Pennsylvania College, with the degree of Bachelor f Arts, in 1856, and three years later obtained from the same institution the degree of Master of Arts. He engaged in teaching a classical school several years, and afterwards studied medicine with Drs. Stewart and Howland, in Shippensburg. He at- HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 191 tended the usual courses f medical lectures, and graduated in the University of Pennsylvania, in 1866. After engaging in practice in Harrisburg, and in New Kingston, Cumberland county, he visited Europe in 1870, where he spent two full years in the Universities and Hospitals—being seven months in Paris, during the entire siege ; two months in Berlin ; ten months in Vienna ; two months in London and the balance of the time in Spain, Italy and Switzerland. Returning to the United States, Dr. Sibbet settled in Carlisle, where in connection with the practice of medicine, he commenced an extensive correspondence with the leading men in the profession, which has resulted in the permanent organization f the " American Academy of Medicine "—an association founded on regular courses of study and degrees conferred by respectable institutions of learning. He is a member of the Cumberland County Medical Society, a member of the State Medical Society, and a fellow of the American Academy f Medicine. DR. ALFRED H. HOFFER was born September 5th, 1850, graduated in the University f Pennsylvania, with the degree of M. D., in 1871, and died in Carlisle, Nov. 13th, 1876. Dr. GEORGE HEMMINGER, f German descent, was born in Cumberland county, Pa. His early education was such as the public schools of the county afforded. At the age f 21 he entered the Select School taught by Prf. Frank L. M. Gillelan, in Plainfield, and had reached the Sophomore class of Pennsylvania College. In 1862, after the first " Bull Run " battle, he and six others of his class volunteered under Captain McCreary of Gettysburg, for three years or during the war. He shared the fortunes of the 138th Regiment, f Pennsylvania Volunteers, was in many hard-fought battles, and escaped without an injury or a days' ill health. It was, however, his fortune at the battle of Monocacy, July 9, 1863, while on the advance line f pickets, to be taken prisoner, and to be conveyed first to Danville, N. C., and then to Libby prison, where he remained eight months. He was afterwards exchanged, and joined his regiment at Coal Harbor, and served until the close of the war, neither accepting nor asking promotion. Returning to his native county, he entered the office of Dr. J. J. Zitzer, f Carlisle, as a student of medicine, and in 1869 graduated in the Detroit Medical College, with the degree of M. D. Dr. Hemminger first settled in Newville, Pa., and has since removed to Carlisle , he is married and has one child—a boy. DR. J. SIMPSON MUSGRAVE was born of English parents, in the north of Ireland. He spent several years in San Francisco, California, and in 1846 attended his first course of medical lectures in the Toland Medical College f that city ; he attended medical lectures in the University of Maryland, and was admitted into the Baltimore Infirmary as Clinical assistant. After attending another course f lectures in the Philadelphia University, he graduated with the degree of M. D., and has recently located in Carlisle. CHURCHTOWN. Dr. CHARLES, HARRISON GIBSON was born in Perry county, Pennsylvania. He is a descendant of a brother of Chief Justice Gibson, formerly of Carlisle ; lie pursued his academic studies in the Academy, in Mechanicsburg, and after attending the usual courses of lectures in the Miami Medical College, graduated with the degree of M. D., in 1873. Dr. Gibson immediately after entered one of the Cincinnati hospitals as resident physician, for one year, and afterwards practiced in the city until 1875, when he removed to Churchtown, Cumberland county where he still resides. HOGUESTOWN. Dr. Isaac Wayne Snowden was born in Harrisburg, Pa , on the 5th day of :March, 1794 ; his father, the Rev. Nathaniel Randolph Snowden, having removed to that place, from Philadelphia, a few months previous. The subject of this brief sketch descended from one of the oldest families in America. His great-great-grandfather, William Snowden, arrived in Philadelphia, in company with his brother Charles, about the year 1660. A few years subsequent Charles removed to Virginia, and from him have descended the Snowdens of Virginia, and Maryland. The Virginia branch inter-married with the Herberts, and Fairfaxes. The tenth Earl f Fairfax was a descendant on his grandmother's side, from this branch, and here the family name of Charles Snowden Fairfax. William Snowden, the ancestor of Dr. Snowden, was one of the earliest merchants in the colonies, and also became a large landowner, having title to large tracts f land as far back as 1669. His son John Snowden, was born in Philadelphia, in 1685, and on arriving at manhood, entered into mercantile pursuits with his father. In time he became the leading merchant of the then infant city f Philadelphia. His ships sailed into all the commercial parts of the world. One strong evidence f his piety and abiding faith in Divine Providence is presented in the fact, that all his bills of lading were made out commencing, " This cargo is sent to sea under the care of an overruling and Divine Providence." He was an Elder and one of the founders of the first Presbyterian church established in Philadelphia. He married Ruth Randolph, a daughter of Nathaniel Randolph, of New Jersey, who gave the ground upon which Nassau Hall (Princeton College) is built. The eldest son of this union was Isaac Snowden, born in 1710, who succeeded his father in business, as also in the eldership f the church By strict attention to business, the exercise f sound judgment, and economy, he left to his children a very large estate ; so large indeed, that in his diary he says, " It will reach unto the fourth generation, without being added to." The Revolutionary War and other causes dissipated a large portion of this vast estate within two generations, which is another illustration of the fact, that in our country, wealth seldom remains over two generations continuously in one family. Isaac Snowden died in 1760, leaving as his eldest son and namesake, Isaac Snowden, who was born in 1740, and who was the grandfather of Dr. Isaac. Wayne Snowden. Isaac Snowden, who had inherited a large fortune, did not enter into any business pursuits, but devoted his time to charities and public duties. He was one of the founders of the second Presbyterian church of Philadelphia, and subsequently an Elder in the same ; was also a trustee of Princeton College ; and during the Revolutionary War was; 192 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. one of the commissioners under authority of Congress, whose duty it was to issue Continental Currency. He also held other positions of trust, always declining to receive any pecuniary compensation. He was married to a daughter of the Rev. Samuel Finley, D. D., President of Princeton College, by whom. he had seven sons—Benjamin Parker, Gilbert Tennant, Samuel Finley, Nathaniel Randolph, Charles, Isaac, and Richard. Five of his sons graduated at Princeton, to wit : Benjamin Parker, in 1776, Gilbert Tennant in 1783, Samuel Finley, 1786, Nathaniel Randolph and Charles, in 1789. Benjamin graduated at the head of his class at the early age of 15 ; and it was his father's intention to give him the advantages of a University education abroad ; but unfortunately all his father's hopes were blighted by the loss of the vessel at sea. No tidings were ever received as to the cause of the calamity, nor will it ever be known until " The sea gives up her dead." The loss of this favorite son upon whom the father doted, was a terrible blow from which he never recovered. He fitted out a vessel at his own expense, and sent her to cruise among the distant islands, in the hope of finding his son, whom lie feared had been captured by pirates, which then infested the seas. After several years of anxious hope and alternate despair the father went to meet his darling son in that other and better country. Of the sons, four were ministers in the Presbyterian church. The Rev. Nathaniel Randolph Snowden, father of Dr. Wayne Snowden, shortly after he was ordained to the ministry, married Sarah Gus-tine, daughter of Dr. Lemuel Gustine, of Carlisle, Pa., by his first wife, who was a daughter of Dr. William Hooker Smith, a distinguished citizen of the Wyoming Valley, and who was during the Revolutionary War, a surgeon in the Continental Army. Dr. William Hooker Smith came from Connecticut, and was among the earliest settlers in the Wyoming Valley. He was descended on his mother's side, from Edward Winslow, who came over in the May Flower Colony, and who was subsequently Governor of the Colony. Dr. Smith was a man of large scientific and general information. As an evidence of his sagacity, it may be stated, that under the authority of what is known as " Connecticut grants," he obtained for " himself and his heirs the mineral right" to the most valuable coal lands in the Wyoming region. It will thus appear that even at that early day, which was so long before the use of Anthracite coal was considered practical, he calculated its future value, and desired to give his descendants the benefit of his far reaching sagacity. Sarah Gustine, the granddaughter of Dr. Hooker Smith, and mother of Dr. Snowden, was born in Wyoming, in the year 1774, and was four years old at the time f the "Massacre of Wyoming," She was captured by the Indians when the fort surrendered. Major John Butler, who commanded the British and Indians, told Dr. Gustine, her father, that he " would protect him and the others with him for that day and night, but could promise no safety on the morrow." That night Dr. Gustine procured a boat, and with his family, and a few others, set-off down the Susquehanna. The party landed for a short time at Fort Augusia (now Sunbury), and then pursued their journey down the river, stopping at Fort Hunter (Duncan's Island), and subsequently landing above John Harris' Ferry (now Harrisburg.) From thence Dr. Gustine and his family proceeded to Carlisle, where be took up his residence and remained until his death in the year 1807. We have very briefly traced the lineage of Dr. Snowden's family from 1660 to the time f his birth, 1794, and it will appear to the most casual reader that all the streams which entered into the current of his life were calculated to make him what he proved to be—a conscientious, intelligent and honorable citizen, fit to adorn any station in life. In this country, under the benign influence of Republican institutions, lineage is of no value, except as giving certain qualities which enable the possessor the better to perform his duty as a citizen, not only in what he does, but in the example he sets to others. Dr. Snowden after receiving a very thorough academic education studied medicine under the distinguished Dr. Nathaniel Chapman, of Philadelphia. In 1816 he was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the United States Army and reported for duty at Sackett's Harbor. After a brief stay at this point he was ordered to join the army under General Jackson, then operating against the Seminole Indians in Florida. On joining the army Dr. Snowden was assigned to duty at Head Quarters, and became a member of General Jackson's military family from that period until the death of " old Hickory." There existed between them the warmest personal regard and friendship. Dr. Snowden served with zeal and signal ability throughout the Florida campaign, and also at New Orleans. He was in Fort Scott when it was beseiged, and when his duties as Surgeon permitted took an active and conspicuous part in the defence. He was severely wounded, but remained on duty until the fort was relieved. He participated in the subsequent campaign, and was with Jackson at the decisive battle f the Horseshoe. In 1823 Dr. Snowden resigned from the army and resumed the practice of his profession in Mifflin county, Pa. In a brief period he acquired a large and lucrative practice, extending into the neighboring counties. In 1832 he was married to Margery B. Loudon, youngest daughter of Archibald Loudon, f Silver Spring, whose ancestors were among the earliest settlers, and largest land-owners in the lower part of Cumberland county. To this section Dr. Snowden removed, and continued in the active practice of medicine until his death, which occurred on the 4th of June, 1850. He was mild and gentle in disposition but firm in his convictions, and never swerved from what he felt to be the path f duty. He was a thorough Christian gentleman, and died in the prime of life and usefulness, respected and beloved by all who knew him. He was an elder in the Presbyterian church in which his ancestors for generations had been prominently identified as laymen and ministers, Dr. Snowden was the eldest of six children, four of whom, including himself, were physicians. The Hon. James Ross Snowden, his youngest brother, was a lawyer, and filled many places of honor and trust, among which may be mentioned, twice speaker of the House of Representatives ; twice Treasurer of the State ; Treasurer f the United States Mint ; Solicitor of the Pennsylvania Railroad ; Director of the United States Mint ; and Prothonotary f the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania. Of his immediate family, his sister, the widow of the late Chief Justice Thompson, alone survives. Dr. Snowden left five children, two sons and three daughters. One f the latter still resides with her mother in the old homestead. His second son, Col. A. Loudon Snowden, born in Cumberland county, and educated at Jefferson College, removed to Philadelphia, HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 193 the home of his ancestors, in the year 1857, where he has since resided. For many years he was an officer in the United States Mint, and is now Post Master of the city, to which positien he was appointed by President Grant, without solicitation and against his protest. He is justly esteemed one of the most accomplished officers in the service of the Government. Col Snowden is also prominently identified with many of the most important interests of the city, and is recognized as among her most valuable citizens. In fine he is worthy of his ancestry, and does honor to his father's name and his mother's rearing. x. DR. JOSEPH CRAIN was born in the city f Lancaster, Pa., Dec 25th, 1803. His father, Richard M. Crain, soon after this date purchased a property west of the Susquehanna and took possession of it. He was a gentleman of culture, and became a leading citizen of the state. In 1838 he represented Cumberland, the county of his adoption, in the Constitutional convention. Dr. Crain pursued his academic studies in Dickinson College, studied medicine with Dr. Whiteside in Harrisburg, and it is believed, graduated in the Medical Department of the University of Maryland. In 1830 Dr. Crain settled in Hoguestown, Cumberland county, where he soon became extensively known as a skillful practitioner of medicine. He married Rebecca Wells, a lady of rare accomplishments, and became the father f two sons, Dr. Richard Crain and Alexander W., and two daughters ; the oldest married James Orr, Esq., of Cumberland county, and the younger, M. B. Taylor, Esq., of Camden, N. J. He afterwards married Ellen Chambers, daughter of John Chambers, Esq., of Cumberland county, with whom he had one son, Talbot. Dr. Crain was a Presbyterian, and during the later years- f his life became a devoted worshipper and communicant. He died April 18th, 1876, much respected, and was buried in the Cemetery at Silver Spring—six f his professional brethren acting as pall-bearers. LISBURN. DR. LEREW LETTER was born in Harrisburg, Penna., October 6th, 1806. He studied medicine with Dr. Luther Reilly, and after obtaining the degree of M. D. from the Medical Department of Yale College in 1832, he located in New Cumberland. He afterwards removed to Lisburn, Cumberland county, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was married first to Adaline Church, and afterwards to Sarah Lamb. He died in 1876, much respected as a citizen and as practitioner. DR. J. W. TRIMMER is a native of Adams county, Pennsylvania. He pursued his academic studies in the Millersville Academy, and in Dickinson Seminary. He studied medicine with Dr. A. D. Dill, of York Sulphur Springs, and graduated in the Rush Medical College with the degree of M. D. in 1875. He continued with his preceptor, engaging in the meantime in practice, and after attending a third course of lectures in the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, obtained an AD EUNDEM degree in 1876. Soon after this Dr. Trimmer settled in Lisburn, Pa., where he enjoys the confidence of the people and the prospect f a lucrative practice. MECHANICSBURG. DR. ASA HERRING, it is said, was a native f New Jersey, and was born about the year 1792. At any rate, he settled in Mechanicsburg, Cumberland county, with his wife, Jane Bush, some time previous to 1816. As early as 1818 he had an extensive practice. He was a member of the Presbyterian church at Silver's Spring, and it is said that the pastor, Rev. Henry R. Wilson, was his most intimate friend. He had one son, J. B. Herring, M. D , and three daughters —Louisa, Sarah and Mary Jane. In 1828 he removed to Elizabethtown, Pa., where he spent the remainder of his life. DR. JAMES BUSH HERRING was born at Hamilton, Northampton county, Pennsylvania, March 4th, 1829. He was the only son of Dr. Asa Herring, whose ancestors are said to have been Scotch-Irish. It is not known where he pursued his academic study, but it is known that he was familiar with the Latin and Greek languages. He graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in the University of Pennsylvania in 1851 ; the subject of his thesis being EMPIRICISM. He soon after settled in Mechanicsburg, the field in which his father labored twenty-two years previous. A partnership between himself and Dr. Ira Day was agreed upon, and he began the laborious work of a country practitioner. In 1853 Dr. Herring married Elizabeth Reigel, daughter of Adam and Esther Reigel, and became the father of one daughter and three sons. Dr. Herring was a member of the Presbyterian church. He took an active part in the organization of the present church in Mechanicsburg, and in the erection of a house of worship. He was elected and ordained a ruling elder, and served with great acceptance until the close of life. He died Nov. 9th, 1871, and was buried in Chestnut Hill Cemetery near the borough f Mechanicsburg. DR. JACOB WEAVER practiced medicine in Mechanicsburg. He commenced about 1825 and died about 1840. DR. JAMES GODFREY OLIVER, son of John Oliver, Esq., of Cumberland county, Pa., was born December 6th, 1801. He was educated in the private schools of the county and at Dickinson College. He attended his first course of lectures in the University of Pennsylvania in 1823, and his second course in the Jefferson Medical College, and graduated in 1823 with the degree of M. D. He immediately commenced the practice of his profession at Oyster's Point, but soon after removed to Mechanicsburg, where he continued practicing in connection with keeping a drug store. In 1829 Dr. Oliver married Jane, the daughter of William Caruthers, of Cumberland county, and became the father of three children—Bell, the wife of Thomas U. Chambers, Esq. ; Martha the widow of William H. Ewalt, and James Godfrey, all of Cumberland county. Dr. Oliver was a member f the Presbyterian church, and died May 31st, 1836. He was buried in the Cemetery at Silver Spring. DR. IRA DAY was born in Royaltown, Vermont, in 1799. His 194 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. educational advantages were such as the common schools and the Academy in his native town afforded him. Having acquired a sufficient knowledge of Mathematics and the classics to engage in teaching, he left his native state in 1823 and opened a select school in Harrisburg, Pa., where he also engaged in the study of medicine with the late Dr. Luther. In this way completing his preparatory training he returned to his native state in 1823, attending medical lectures in the University f Vermont, and graduated with the degree of M. D. Thus prepared for the arduous duties of his profession he selected Mechanicsburg, Cumberland county, Pa., as the field of his future labor. He soon acquired a large practice, which he pursued nearly forty-one years. He was an advocate of free schools for ail, was school director for many years, and in 1833 was elected a Trustee of Dickinson College. He was a consistent and influential member f the Methodist Episcopal church at all times and under all circumstances, giving the weight of his influence in favor of temperance, morality and religion. Dr. Day was an active member of the Cumberland County Medical Society, was its President when he died and was a permanent member of the State Society. He was a kind friend and affectionate husband and father, and a conscientious and skillful physician and surgeon. He died of pneumonia after a brief illness Nov. 27th, 1868, and was buried in the Cemetery near Mechanicsburg, being attended by a large number f friends and members of the prfession. DR. A. H. VAN HOFF, son f Rev. Van Hoff, formerly pastor f Salem church, Cumberland county, Pa., practiced medicine at Oyster's Point and afterwards removed to Mechanicsburg, where he continued the practice of his profession. He was in partnership with Dr. Wm. W. A. Steigleman. He was married—died about 1845. DR. WM, W. A. STEIGLEMAN practiced medicine at Oyster's Point and afterwards in Mechanicsburg where he died. DR. PHILIP H. LONG practiced medicine in Mechanicsburg about twenty-five years and died about 1875. DR. E. B. BRANDT is a native of Cumberland Co. His ancestors emigrated from Germany and settled in Pennsylvania at an early day. He was brought up on the farm and enjoyed the advantages of the public schools of the county in which he became a teacher. He studied medicine and after attending the usual courses f lectures in Jefferson Medical College, graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in 1855. Dr. Brandt immediately commenced to practice medicine in New Cumberland. In 1856 he married Margaret C. Mateer and removed to Shiremanstown, where he engaged in practice with Dr. Robert G. Young as senior partner. In 1864 he engaged in agricultural pursuits, but soon after returned to the practice f his profession in Mechanicsburg where he still resides. Dr. Brandt is a member of the Cumberland County Medical Society and also of the State Medical Society. DR. ROBERT GRAYHAM YOUNG was born Dec. 6th, 1809, in Louther Manor, Cumberland county, Pa. His great-grandfather on the paternal side, emigrated from Scotland and settled in County Antrim, Parish of Kilead, Ireland, about the beginning f the 17th century. His grandfather, Alexander Young came to America with his wife, Martha Orr, during the year 1769, and purchased and took possession f lot 25 Louther Manor, January 27th, 1770. His father, Robert Young, married Elizabeth Grayham, daughter of Mr. James Grayham, and to them the subject of this sketch was given. In accordance with the usages f the Presbyterian church his parents early in life dedicated him in baptism ; and at the age of thirteen, with the view of more conveniently giving him, their only son, the advantages of education, they changed their residence to Carlisle. Accordingly lie entered Dickinson College, and continued in the regular studies of the course, until he reached the Junior class, when he was induced to commence the study of medicine. He selected Dr. John Paxton, at this time one of the leading physicians of the place as his preceptor and after the usual course of lectures in the University of Pennsylvania, the degree f DOCTOREM IN ARTE MEDICA was conferred upon him, March 26th, 1839. At the same time he was elected a member of the " Societas Medica Philadelphiensis" organized in 1789. Thus prepared for the active duties f his profession, he returned with his parents to the old homestead, and soon found himself engaged in an extensive and laborious country practice. In 1838 he married Annetta Culbertson, daughter f Stephen Culbertson, of Shippensburg, Pa., and became the father of five children, three of whom remain—Elizabeth G. now the widow of William P. Stewart, son of the Hon. John Stewart, and Mary H. wife of Robert A. Bucher, son of Hon. George H. Bucher, and Robert Alexander. Dr. Young sometime after his settlement, changed his residence to Shiremanstown, and afterwards, in 1867, to Mechanicsburg where he still resides. In 1840 he was elected and ordained a Ruling Elder in the Presbyterian church at Silver Spring ; and when the Presbyterian church in Mechanicsburg was organized he was again chosen to serve in this capacity. In 1854 Dr. Young met with an accident that has entailed upon him much suffering which he bears with great resignation. By the kick of a horse the tibia and fibula of the right leg were broken. Ossious union took place very slowly and imperfectly. Six years afterwards in conference with his friends, Drs. Brandt and Herring, he consented to amputation, which proved successful. With the use of an artificial limb he was again able to engage in the practice f his profession. But, in 1870, he met with another accident, slipping and falling upon a wet board. The result was, as is now believed, an intra-cupsular fracture of the head of the femur. Medical Science and Art here fail to give the coveted relief. All that can be done is to smooth the pathway of life. In his affliction, he has the sympathy of a large circle of friends and of the entire profession. DR MARTIN B. MOSSER, son of Henry and Anna Brenneman Mosser and grandson of Dr. John Mosser was born in Upper Paxton, Dauphin, Co., Pa. In 1857 he engaged in the study of medicine with Dr. E. H. Coover, of New Cumberland, Pa., and graduated with the degree of Doctor of Medicine in Jefferson Medical College in 1862. Immediately after graduation, Dr, Mosser entered the army as Assistant Surgeon and was assigned to duty in the 4th U. S. Artillery. HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 195 In 1863 he was acting as Brigade Surgeon of Artillery of the 1st Army Corps until December 1st, 1864, when he was assigned to hospital duty at Haddington, U. S. General Hospital in Philadelphia. In August, 1865, he resigned his position and returned to private practice at Shiremanstown, Cumberland county, Pa. In 1863 Dr. Mosser married Rebecca Rupp, daughter of Rev. George Rupp and granddaughter of Rev. Henry Rupp, a native of Rheinish, Bavaria ; he has one daughter Gertrude E. ; his only son George H. died September 14th 1873. More recently Dr. Mosser removed to Mechanicsburg, where he still resides as a practitioner of medicine ; he is a member of the Cumberland County Medical Society, and also a member of the Medical Society of the State. The Mosser family seem to have a natural inclination to study and practice medicine, as there are at present nine of the family, who have the degree of Doctor of Medicine, including Dr. E. N. Mosser the younger brother of the subject of this sketch. NEWBURG. DR. DAVID SMITH practiced medicine in Newburg, Cumberland county, Pa., about thirty years. He was married and had a family. He died in 1863, and vas buried in the cemetery near Newburg. NEW CUMBERLAND. DR. JOHN MOSSER. was born in Lancaster, county, Pa , June 20th, 1777. His great-grandfather was a native of the Canton of Berne, Switzerland ; his grandfather and grandmother were Jacob and Mary Hostetter Mosser ; and his father and mother were Dr. Benjamin, and Barbara Engle Mosser, all of Lancaster, county, Pa. In 1799, Dr. Mosser married Elizabeth Neff and became the father of three sons and five daughters, named respectively, Benjamin, Elizabeth, Anna, Martha, Henry, Mary, Susan and John. The only surviving members of the family are Elizabeth Mussleman of New Kingston and Mary Whisler, of New Cumberland. About the year 1815, Dr. Mosser removed from Lancaster county, where he had engaged in the practice of his profession, and purchased a property in Cumberland county in the vicinity f New Cumberland and near the confluences of the Yellow Breeches creek and the Susquehanna river. Here he continued the practice of medicine and superintended his farm and brought up his family. Dr. Mosser was much esteemed by all who knew him. He loved his profession and had a large and laborious practice extending into Cumberland and York counties. His convictions were firm and yet he was liberal, giving to all others the same privileges which he claimed for himself. He had a great reverence for truth and abhorred the vices common in his day. He died June 10th, 1826, and in the same month, June 10th, 1845, the partner of his life was laid beside him in Mt. Olivet Cemetery near New Cumberland. NEWVILLE. DR. JOHN GEDDES was born in Silver Spring township, Cumberland county, Pa., August 16th, 1776. It is said that he studied medicine with Dr. McCoskry, of Carlisle, but where he attended medical lectures it is not known. In 1797 he settled in Newville as a practitioner of medicine. He married a daughter of Mr. Peebles and had one son and five daughters, three of whom married respectively, James Weakley, Col. William Barr, and Col. William H. Woodburn, all of Newville and vicinity. Dr. Geddes was a Presbyterian ; was much respected, and had a large practice. He died December 5th, 1840, and was buried in the old cemetery in the borough of Newville. DR. JOHN P. GEDDES, only son of Dr. John Geddes, was born in Newville, Pa., October 10th, 1799 He studied medicine in the office of his father, and graduated with the degree of M. D. in the University of New York in 1823. He settled in Newville and married Catharine, daughter of Hon. William Maclay, of Franklin county, Pa., and member of Congress in 1817. He had four sons, John who was born October 29th, 1827, graduated in 1849 in Jefferson Medical College with the degree of M. D. and practiced medicine in the state of Missouri and died May, 31st, 1872-William Maclay who died August 5th, 1872-John K. Geddes, Esq., and Rev. William N. Geddes, of Williamsport, Pa. and one daughter. Dr. John P. Geddes died October 10th, 1837 in Newville, three years before his father, and his wife Catharine, in Williamsport, Pa., December 22d, 1873. DR. WILLIAM M. SHARP was born at Green Spring, Cumberland county in 1798, and was the brother of the late Rev. Alexander Sharp, D. D. of the same place. Their father, Alexander, and his two brothers, Robert and Andrew came from Ireland and were among the first settlers in the neighborhood of Newville. Alexander and Andrew served in the Revolutionary war, and the latter Gen. Andrew Sharp, who afterwards settled in the neighborhood of Pittsburgh, where Sharpsburg now stands, was killed by the Indians. Dr. Sharp was a graduate of Dickinson College, taking his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1815. He then studied medicine with Dr. M'Coskry, of Carlisle, and obtained the degree of M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1819. He settled in Newville as a practitioner of medicine, married Jane Wilson, only daughter of Rev. Samuel Wilson, pastor of the Presbyterian church at Newville, and soon became distinguished in the profession as a scholar and as a physician. He died August 20th, 1835. DR. ALEXANDER E. SHARP, son of Dr. William M. Sharp, of Newville, Pa., was born in 1826. He graduated with the degree of M. D. in Jefferson Medical College in 1850, and immediately settled in Newville where he continued to practice his profession until his death which occurred December 13th, 1860. DR. WILLIAM SAMUEL RUTGER was born Dec. 13th, 1782, in the parish of Solingen on the east side of the Rhine between Cologne and Dusseldorf. His parents were John Peter Rutger and Anna Catharine Morsbach. They were members f the Reformed Evangelical church, and their son, according to the custom f the church, was baptized and afterwards confirmed October 5th, 1796. He studied medicine and after the death of his parents, set out for America by the way f Holland, sailing on the 21st f May, 1803, in a vessel containing 160 passengers and landing in Baltimore Sept. 23d of the same year. In 1806, Sept. 23d, Dr. Rutger married Anna Catharine Afer, who was born October 10th, 1782 in a village called Wald in the same parish. Her parents were John William Afer and Margaret 196 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. Bohl who set out for America with their family, but on reaching Amsterdam the father and four children were taken sick and died, leaving the mother, a son and one daughter who embarked for the new world and reached Baltimore in September, 1796. Dr. Rutger continued to practice medicine in Baltimore after his marriage until 1812, when he settled in Newville, Cumberland county, Pa., where he was generally known as the " Dutch Doctor." He had a large practice—was an excellent horseman, and it is said always rode on horseback to visit his patients. He had two sons and seven daughters, most of whom went west. In 1843, Dr. Rutger with his wife, in order that they might be nearer their children, moved to Sparta, Illinois, where his wife died in 1845, and he in 1847. J. C. CLAUDY, grandson of Dr. Rutger, was born in Newton township, Cumberland, county, Pa. ; his great-grandfather, on the paternal side, was Martin Claudy, who came from England and settled in Lancaster county, Pa., at an early day ; his grandfather William Claudy, was born in Lancaster county in 1786, and his father, George Claudy, was born in Cumberland county, in 1802, and died in 1845 ; his mother, Anna Catharine Rutger, was born June 28th, 1811, and is the only surviving child f Dr. Rutger. Dr. Claudy studied medicine with Dr. David Ahl, in Newville, and graduated with the degree of M, D., at the Bellevue Hospital Medical College, in 1865; the following month he entered the service of the U. S. army as Acting Assistant Surgeon, and was assigned to duty in the General Hospital, at Fortress Monroe. Va. ; in November of the same year he settled at Newville, where he still continues to practice his profession ; he married Lucinda Blean, daughter of Robert and Margaret Blean ; he is a member of the Cumberland County Medical Society and also a member of the State Medical Society. DR. JOHN AHL, was born in Bucks county, Pa., in 1781 ; his father, Dr. John Peter Ahl, was a native of Berlin, Prussia ; he was educated by his parents for the Roman Catholic church, but declined to enter the ministry ; he studied medicine, and soon after, while the American Revolution was in progress, came to this country and settled in Bucks county, Pa. ; he was appointed Surgeon in the Continental Army and served in this capacity until the close of the war ; he afterwards settled in Rockingham county, Va., where he continued the practice of his profession. But having a strong desire to spend the remainder of life in the active work of the church, he was ordained a minister in the Lutheran church, and took charge of a congregation in the city of Baltimore and continued in pastoral work until his death ; he had four sons and two daughters—Jacob, Peter, Catharine, Elizabeth, John and Daniel ; Peter settled in York, Pa., and became the father of the late Dr. David Ahl, of Newville, Pa. ; Daniel settled in Pittsburgh, and became the father of the present Dr. Jacob Ahl, of that city. The subject of this sketch, Dr. John Ahl, after receiving his education in Baltimore city, settled in Rockingham county, Virginia, where he married Nancy Vaun ; he soon after removed to Strasburg, Franklin county, Pa., where he practiced medicine ten years, and then removed to Newville, Cumberland county, where he continued to practice his profession. He died April 9th, 1844, and was buried in the old cemetery, in the borough of Newville. Dr. Ahl had five sons and three daughters—Catharine, Martha, Samuel, Cary W., John A., Peter A., Daniel V. and Mary E. In closing this sketch it is proper to add that in the family of Dr. All, an unusual degree of business talent and energy have been exhibited in the development of the mineral resources of our valley—in the manufacture of flour, paper and iron—in the erection of mills and dwelling houses, and in the improvement of many beautiful tracts of land. To Col. Daniel V. Ahl especially is Cumberland county indebted for projecting and carrying forward, under many discouraging circumstances, the Harrisburg & Potomac rail road—a work which cannot fail to be f immense value to the county. Da. JOHN ALEXANDER AHL, son of Dr. John Ahl, and grandson of Dr. John Peter Ahl. was born in Strasburg, Franklin county, Pa. He studied medicine in the office of his father, and attended lectures in the University of Maryland and also in the Washington Medical College of Baltimore, Md., from which institution he obtained the degree f M. D. in 1838. Dr. Ahl commenced the practice f medicine in Centerville, Cumberland county, but afterwards settled in Churchtown, where he had a large and laborious practice. In 1854 he relinquished the practice of medicine, purchased a property in Newville and commenced the manufacture of flour. He represented his district in the 35th Congress of the United States from 1857 to 1859, and was chosen one of the Presidential Electors in 1860. Returning to the duties of private life he engaged in the manufacture of straw paper or " Boards," and has more recently been engaged in the manufacture of iron with his brother, Peter A. Ahl. In 1845 Dr. Ahl married Elizabeth Williams, daughter of James Williams, Esq , and had five sons and three daughters, all of whom have been taken away except two. DR. DAVID AHL was born in York county, Pa., March 24th, 1827. He was appointed " a Cadet in the Army of the United States on the first day of July, 1847. During the period of his service he was proficient in the following branches of instruction and military exercises : Mathematics, French, English Studies, Infantry Tactics, Artillery, Drawing." On account of a slight defect in his vision which was aggravated by artillery practice he ffered his resignation, which was accepted at West Point, State of New York, June 13th, 1856. He immediately after commenced the study of medicine with Dr. Smith, of York, Pa., and graduated in the University of Maryland with the degree of M. D. in 1853. After practicing a short time in Dover, York county, Dr. Ahl removed to Newville, where he spent the remainder of his life. He was the inventor and manufacturer of " Ahl's Adaptable Porous Splints," recognized by the profession generally as a valuable improvement in the department of surgery. He died April 8th, 1878, leaving a wife and four children. DR. JOHN C. MOODY, son of Rev. John Moody, D. D. of Shippensburg, Pa, settled in Newville about 1830, and died about 1835. DR. JOSEPH HANNON graduated with the degree of M. D., in Jefferson Medical College, in the year 1844 ; he soon after settled in Newville, and practiced medicine there about 10 years ; he afterwards moved to Xenia, Ohio, with his family, where he died about 1750. HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 197 DR. MATTHEW FULLERTON ROBINSON, son f Robert and Annie Fullerton Robinson, was born near Greencastle, Franklin county, Pa., April 26th, 1820 ; he studied medicine with Dr. J. K. Davidson, of Greencastle and graduated in Washington Medical College of Baltimore with the degree f M. D., 1847. Dr. Robinson married Martha F., daughter of A. B. Rankin, Esq , of his native place, practiced medicine in Mercersburg, Franklin county, in Cashtown, Adams county, and afterwards removed to Newville, Cumberland county, where he spent the remainder f his life. He died January 7th, 1874, much respected by the profession and by the people, leaving a wife and six children, one of whom, Dr. R. E. Robinson resides in Mount Holly Springs, Cumberland county. DR JOHN GEDDES BARR, son of Col. William H. and Sarah Geddes Barr was born in Newville, in 1830. He graduated with the degree of M. D., in Washington City, D. C., in 1858. He practiced medicine in Newville, was surgeon in the Union Army and died in 1865. DR. SAMUEL H. BREHM was born in Mifflin township, Cumberland county, Pa. He was educated in the common and classical schools of the neighborhood. In 1866 the degree of Doctor f Medicine was conferred upon him by Jefferson Medical College ; after which he settled in Newville, and still continues in the practice of his profession He is a member f the Cumberland County Medical Society, and also of the State Medical Society. OAKVILLE. DR. ISRAEL BETZ is a native of Lancaster county, Pa. ; he is a descendant of German ancestors, who emigrated from the Palatinate during the time of the persecution, being Lutheran in their religious convictions. His father, when the subject of this sketch was but a child, removed from Lancaster county and settled in the Northern part of Ohio, and there brought up his family. Dr. Betz selected as his preceptor Dr. W. E. Swiler, of York county, Pa., and after attending the usual courses of lectures in the Medical Department of the University of Pennsylvania, graduated with the degree f M. D., in 1868. He soon after settled in Oakville, where he still continues to practice his prfession. OYSTER'S POINT. DR. PETER FAHNESTOCK resided at what is now called Oyster's Point on the turnpike road about three miles west of the Susquehanna and practiced medicine in that portion of the valley sometime previous to the beginning of the present. century and up. to 1813. He was married and had one son, Dr. Derrick Fahnestock, who was taken away early in life. PLAINFIELD. DR. JOSHUA E. VAN CAMP is a native of Perry county, Pa., and is of German descent. He pursued his literary studies in Loysville Academy and in Pennsylvania College. In 1862 he enlisted in the 133d Regiment of Pennsylvania Volunteers, and afterwards in the 208th Regiment—was promoted to Sergeant and served until the close of the war. He was in the battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, Hatcher's Run, Fort Steadman and Petersburg. After the war he studied medicine in the University of Michigan, and graduated with the degreee of M. D., in 1870. Dr. Van Camp commenced the practice of medicine in Markelville in his native county ; but afterwards, in 1872, removed to Plainfield, Cumberland county, where he still continues to practice his profession. SHIPPENSBURG. DR. JOHN SIMPSON settled in Shippensburg as a practitioner of medicine sometime before 1780. He was a man of great firmness of character, talented and eccentric. As a citizen, he was much respected, and as a practitioner of medicine no one ever possessed the confidence of the people in a higher degree. He had a large practice, was an excellent horsemen and often rode fifty miles a day. His son William practiced medicine in Pittsburgh. After a life of great activity and usefulness, Dr. Simpson died Feb. 17th, 1826. DR. ROBERT MCCALL practiced medicine in Shippensburg, and died in 1799. His father removed from Strabone township, York county, and settled in Shippensburg, in 17.50. DR. ALEXANDER STEWART, son of Robert and Anna Stewart was born of Scotch-Irish parents in Lancaster county, Pa., in 1770. He settled in Shippensburg, in 1795, and soon obtained a large practice. In 1801 he married Jane Rippey, a daughter of Capt. William Rippey, one of the earliest settlers of the valley. His eldest son, Dr. William R. Stewart settled in York Springs, Adams county, Pa., where he had a large practice. His daughter married Captain Joseph Mifflin. They still reside in the neighborhood of Shippensburg. Dr. Stewart was brought up in the Presbyterian church, and died much respected in 1830. DR. JOHN EALY, it is said, was born in Shippensburg about 1788. It is not known with whom he studied medicine ; but in 1809 he commenced to practice in his native place. He acquired a large practice ; was married and had several sons and one daughter ; he died in 1831. Dr. Elijah Ealy, oldest son of Dr. John Ealy continued to practice in his father's place a short time ; but afterwards moved west and settled in Dayton, Ohio, where he died, December 27th, 1851, in the 39th year of his age. Another son, Dr. John C. Ealy settled in Schellsburg Pa., where he still resides. Of the sons of John C. Ealy —three have graduated in the University of Pennsylvania—Dr. Taylor F. Ealy, now in New Mexico, Dr. Albert E. Ealy, f Schellsburg, Pa, and Dr Jacob H. Ealy, of Palmyra, Mo. DR. WILLPAM A, FINDLEY was born in Adams county, Pa. In 1816, he settled in Shippensburg. He soon became extensively known, as a skillful practitioner, but his social nature led him into excesses with his friends and to escape these, he removed to Chambersburg, where he died in 1841. DR. WILLIAM RANKIN was born at Potter's Mills, Centre county, Pa. October 9th, 1795. His parents, William and Abigail (McGinley) Rankin, were exemplary members of the Presbyterian church. As a result of their fideli- 198 - HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA. ty in training up their children, and as evidence that the Divine blessing accompanies the faithful discharge of duty, their six sons—William James, Adam, John, Alexander and Archibald—were all ordained Elders in the church. When quite young the subject of this sketch was sent to school and in 1814 graduated in Washington College with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He pursued his medical studies in the office f Dr. Dean, of Cham. bersburg, Pa., and after obtaining the degree f M. D. from the University of Pennsylvania, in 1819, entered into partnership with his preceptor, and located in Campbellstown, a few miles north of Chambersburg, In 1821 he relinquished this field of labor and settled in Shippensburg, where he soon acquired a large practice. In 1829 Dr. Rankin married Caroline, the oldest daughter of Major David Nevin, of Shippensburg, and became the father of five sons—Rev. Wm. A., of Warren, Pa. ; Dr. David N., of Allegheny city ; Alfred J. ; James H. and Joseph P., of Pittsburg, Pa.—and five daughters—Mary A., Abigail M., Elizabeth J., Caroline O. and Anna M. " Dr. Rankin was endowed by nature with a singularly lovely temperament, which developed itself into a corresponding character. He was amiable and yet firm ; dignified and yet familiar ; peculiarly attentive to his own sphere of business and duty, and yet deeply interested in the welfare of his friends and neighbors, and in the prosperity of the community in which he lived. His manner was gentle and conciliatory ; his bearing was respectful to all persons of every rank and condition ; eminently pacific in his disposition, he " followed peace with all men." As a physician and surgeon Dr. Rankin occupied a high position ; he frequently contributed to the medical journals of the country, and in this particular, also gave evidence of the advantage of a college education. After fifty years of incessant professional labor, respected and loved by all who knew him, Dr. Rankin entered into his rest. He died July 15th, 1872, and was buried in Spring Hill Cemetery. near the borough of Shippensburg. DR. DAVID NEVIN RANKIN, son of Dr. William Rankin, was born in Shippensburg, Cumb. Co., Pa. He studied medicine in the office of his father, and graduated in the Jefferson Medical College, with the degree of M. D., in 1 854 ; he soon after entered into partnership with his father, and shared with him the labors of a large country practice. At the commencement of the Rebellion, Dr. Rankin volunteered his services and was appointed Assistant Surgeon in the United States army, under Surgeon General Finley. In this position he assisted in opening several of the largest U. S. A. hospitals, such as the " Mansion House," and " Douglass " hospitals in the District of Columbia. He was afterwards placed in charge of the " Epiphany " and "Thirteenth Street " hospitals, in Washington city, and still later he was appointed operating surgeon in the U. S. A. hospital, at Pittsburgh, Pa. In 1868, when there was great need for experienced surgeons in the field, Surgeon General James King, selected Dr. Rankin as one of thirty of a " Volunteer Aid Corps," from Pennsylvania to assist during and after great battles. After the war he settled in Allegheny city, where he now resides, and enjoys the advantages of a lucrative practice. He is a member of the Allegheny County Medical Society, the Medical Society of the State, and of the American Medical Association. Dr. Rankin married Kate Irwin, daughter of Henry Irwin, Esq., of Allegheny city, and has two children. DR. THOMAS GREER, after practicing medicine in Fannettsburg, Pa., removed to Shippensburg some time before the year 1835, and entered into a partnership with Dr. Findley. His associations, at this time, were not such as to warrant success. He was an expert performer on the violin, which led him into many excesses which he might otherwise have escaped. He died in the year 1839. DR. JOHN N. DUNCAN, a native of Greenvillage, Franklin county, Pa., settled in Shippensburg sometime after 1840; he remained there until about 1850, when be removed to Chambersburg, and soon after died. SHIREMANSTOWN. DR. W. SCOTT BRUCKART was born in Lancaster county, Pa. ; he graduated at the Jefferson Medical College, with the degree f M. D., in 1870. Dr. Bruckart immediately commenced the practice of medicine in Mount Joy, in his native county ; but in 1874 removed to Shiremanstown, Cumberland county, where he enjoys the confidence and patronage of the people. To these may be added the following names of practitioners, concerning whom the writer has not been able to obtain sufficient information for more extended notices: DR. WILLPAM MCGOFRICK is said to have practiced medicine in Shippensburg some time before 1756, and Dr. John Calhoun about 1770. The latter was a native of Ireland, and sold the property now owned by William L. Curriden. DR. WILLIAM McCOMMON practiced medicine in Newville about 1800 and removed to Middletown, Pa., where he died. He was a native of Ireland. Dr. Morris practiced in Newville about 1820 ; also Drs. Edwards, Wilson, Culver, Barnetts, and David Willis. DR. JOHN W. SHRIVER practiced in Centerville, but removed to Dayton, Ohio, where lie died in 1875. Dr. David S. Hays practiced in the neighborhood of Centerville and died there about 1845. Dr. Henry Langheine, a German physician, also practiced in the same neighborhood and has since died. DR. DEATRICH COOVER practiced medicine in Dickinson township about twenty years and died about 1865. DR. ATWATER is said to have practiced in Carlisle about 1809 ; Dr. Joseph Speck about 1823 ; Dr. Linden about 1833 and Dr. Awl about 1835. Dr. J. J. Bender practiced in Carlisle, and died Feb. 28th, 1868, and likewise Dr. Charles Zitzer, who died in 1874. DR. JACOB BLACK AND DR. WILLIAM MATEER practiced medicine in Shiremanstown about 1850. Both are dead. From the foregoing it will be observed that up until the Revolution, in 1776, a period of half a century, very little is known of the medical profession in our county. That there were among the first HISTORY OF CUMBERLAND COUNTY, PENNSYLVANIA - 199 adventurers who crossed the Susquehanna and settled around the beautiful springs which flow from the deep limestone strata of our rich valley ; those who practiced the healing art, cannot be doubted ; but who they were no one of the living can tell, so rapidly does the past recede from our vision. Even since that memorable epoch in American history medical practitioners have lived, labored and died in the county of whom there is only a dim trace in the memory of the present generation. After a life of great activity and usefulness among the sick, the afflicted and the dying, they too have passed away, leaving in some cases only a part of the name around which may be gathered a few straggling thoughts. Had there been commenced in the office of the Prothonotary, when the county was organized, the registration f all practitioners of medicine, we would now be able to give to the public a more reliable and interesting chapter of history. As it is the reader must be satisfied with imperfect sketches of many, who, we have reason to believe, have merited more extended notices. In the meantime we would hope that the profession in our county and in the state will go forward with registration as indicated by a recent act of Assembly, and that the names, at least, of those who are now engaged in practice, or may hereafter commence, may be preserved for future generations. It is of course impossible to state how many resident practitioners of medicine have been in our county at any former period, but at present there are, as nearly as it can be ascertained, seventy-two, besides several who are engaged partly in other pursuits. Of these nine claim to be HOMEOPATHIC and one ECLECTIC. This would give according to the last census one practitioner to every six hundred and fifty of the inhabitants of the county. Whether the standard f education in the profession in Cumberland county during the last fifty years has been advanced is doubtful. After the Revolution and until half a century of our republic had passed away, it was considered quite necessary on the part of the student of medicine to obtain first the degree f Bachelor of Arts ; now an extended course of academic study is generally regarded by the people as a waste f time and money. A thorough knowledge of the English language is not even considered necessary by the parents of sons who take up the study of Anatomy. Only one during the last twenty-five years has commenced the practice of medicine in the county with the degree of Bachelor of Arts ; and of the whole number of practitioners only three are in possession of this degree. As a result the prfession in our county has well nigh lost its claim to a place among the so-called learned professions of the world. Compared with the standard of education in the other prfessions, that of the medical profession has fallen far below. As nearly as it can be ascertained seventy-five per cent. of Theologians are graduates of classical schools, and sixty per cent. of Attorneys-at-law have similar qualifications. We need not attempt to assign any reason for this state f things, common to all the counties of our state and to the United States ; it is sufficient to say, that the people desire to have it so. They often employ the most illiterate in preference to those who have enjoyed greater advantages, and are apparently unwilling to have any efficient legislation on the subject. Some time previous to the year 1835 several persons without pursuing any regular courses of study offered their services in the county as BOTANIC practitioners, using for the most part indeginous plants, as. emetics, purgatives and diaphoretics. Afterwards, in 1839, when the first ECLECTIC medical school was chartered, there appeared two or three persons who announced themselves as ECLECTIC practitioners. Soon after, when the first HOMEOPATHIC school was chartered in 1848, there appeared others who announced themselves as HOMEOPATHIC practitioners. And still later there appeared others who announced themselves as ELECTRICIANS, but in no case have the latter remained long enough to become identified wlth the people of the county. As medicine is a subject which every one desires to know something about, a few additional facts may be given concerning medical institutions and their requirements. In Germany there are 23 Universities ; in Italy 22 Universities and Academies ; in Great Britain 10 Universities ; in France 6 Academies ; in Belgiuem 4 Universities ; in Holland 3 Universities ; in Sweden 2 Universities ; in Brazil 2 Universities ; in Venezuela 2 Universities ; in Canada 8 Universities and Medical Schools. In all of these institutions courses of study are required, extending through a period of time not less than 8 years, and in most cases 12 years, before the degree of Doctor of Medicine is conferred ; and no one is allowed to practice who has not complied with these requirements. In the United States, the country in which the SECTS flourish more than in any other, there are 94 chartered Medical Schools of every grade and persuasion, the greater part of which scarcely deserve the name of medical institutions. Without preparatory courses f study without even an examination on any subject, students are allowed to matriculate and often to graduate in less than three years with the degree of Doctor of Medicine. The only medical school in the United States which requires an academic deg ree before. matriculation, or an examination equivalent to it, is the University of Harvard. As a result the standard of education in the profession has fallen far below that of any other civilized nation. Of the numerous institutions here referred to 11 are Homeopathic, 4 are Eclectic and 1 is Hygeo-Therapeutic. These are limited to the United States, and we have nothing farther to say of them, except this—that their standard of education is no higher than that of others in our country. But of the great Universities of Europe and of the larger part of the profession, a few words may be added. These in their teaching and in their administration of remedies are not bound by any system of practice or doctrine or theory. They do not believe that there can be A SYSTEM in the practice of medicine any more than there can be A SYSTEM in the practice of law. They do not accept the term Alopathic whether it is applied to an institution of learning or to a practitioner of medicine or to a medicinal preparation. They do not believe that the treatment of a disease can be alopathic or homeopathic or eclectic. They regard the use of such high sounding terms in medicine as unscientific and calculated to bewilder and deceive the people ; nor do they recognize the propriety of concealing a valuable remedy in any manner whatever. Hence they recommend all practitioners of medicine and surgery to write prescriptions. In 1866 the Medical Society of Cumberland county was organized by the adoption of a Constitution and By-Laws and the election of officers. Since that time regular meetings have been held in the months of January, May and September in the larger towns of the county ; medical subjects are discussed, delegates are sent to the State Medical Society and also to the American Medical Association.