CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 25 Unite in firm, in honorable bonds; Break every link of slavery's hateful chain; Nor let your children at their father's hands Demand their birthright and demand in vain. Where'er the murderers of their country hide, Whatever dignities their names adorn, It is your duty—let it be your pride— To drag them forth to universal scorn. So shall your loved, your venerated name, O'er earth's vast convex gloriously expand; So shall your still accumulated fame In one bright story with our Garfield stand. WALTER I. THOMPSON, Councilman from the Fifth District of Cleveland, and a prominent contractor and builder, was born in this city, August 15, 1853. He secured a liberal education and at seventeen years of age began learning his trade as an ap. prentice to S. C. Brooks & Co. From 1874 to 1881 he was a day workman; he then decided to risk his own judgment and his limited capital in a few contracts. He succeeded, and the next year he ventured farther, and each succeeding year extended his business until all his own time was devoted to supervision of work, execution of plans and submitting bids for new contracts. Mr. Thompson's ancestry is English. His father, Charles Thompson, was born in Lincolnshire, England, and in 1835 took up his residence in this city. He was a cooper by trade, and for many years has been superintendent of the barrel department of the Standard Oil Company of this city. He came to Cleveland with two other young men and learned his trade here. He is a gentleman of exemplary habits, good business judgment and a modest, quiet citizen. His father was a sea captain, conducting vessels between New York and Liverpool. Our subject's mother, whose name before marriage was Avarina Jenkins, was a native of Wales; and her father, Isaac Jenkins, came to Cuyahoga county before 1840 and became a farmer near Warrensville, this State. The children by this union are: Louisa, wife of William Kyle, of Cleveland; Walter I.; C. E., in the employ of the Mercantile National Bank of Cleveland; and E. E., in the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad offices. October 30, 1878, Mr. Walter I. Thompson was united in marriage, in Cleveland, to Miss Olive N. Quayle, daughter of Robert Quayle, a Manxman and a blacksmith. Mr. Thompson's children are John William and Avrina Olive. In politics our subject has always been a Republican, and has been more or less active in his party's interests ever since he became of age; but not until the spring of 1892 did he submit to the use of his name as a candidate for any elective office. He was then elected to his present position as Councilman from the Fifth District of Cleveland, to succeed J. I. Nunn, a Democrat. In the organization of the Council of 1892 he was appointed chairman of the committee on printing and member of the committees on appropriations and city property. In 1893 he was chosen chairman of the latter, and also served on the committees on appropriations and fire. In respect to the fraternal orders he is a member of the Cleveland City Lodge and of Webb Chapter, of the Masonic order, also of Banner Lodge, I. 0. 0. F., of the Masonic Club, Builders' Exchange and Employing Carpenters' Association. In Odd Fellowship he has passed all the chairs, and is Junior Warden in the Masonic lodge. BURROUGHS FRANK BOWER, vice-president, treasurer and general manager of the World Publishing Company (Cleveland World), was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, October 31, 1855, and is consequently in his thirty-ninth year. He comes of German and American stock. His father, Henry Bower, was born in Pennsylvania, brought up on a farm, taught school, and moved to Michigan in the '30s, where he engaged in the business of buying and selling 26 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. pine land, manufacturing lumber, and carrying on a general mercantile business until his death in 1870. His mother, whose maiden name was Margaret G. Chase, was of Geneva, New York, a daughter of Captain Chase, who distinguished himself' in the war of 1812. Mr. Bower was the youngest of four children, and was intended for the bar, which profession his elder brother had embraced, but the sudden death of his father when young Bower was fourteen years old required a change in plans. Some time prior to the death of Mr. Bower's father; his eldest son, Henry E. H. Bower, brother of the subject of this sketch, published a weekly newspaper at Ann Arbor called the Democrat. It was in this office that young Bower obtained his initiation into the newspaper business. After his father's death, the Democrat being sold, young Bower took up civil engineering, but this tot being to his taste he abandoned it and went West. In December, 1874, he returned to Ann Arbor and became the local editor of the Courier. At the time he accepted this position he had not- yet turned his nineteenth year. During 1875 and 1876 he also attended lectures at the TJniversity of Michigan, and in 1876 entered the law department of the university and also studied law in the office of Prosecuting Attorney Robert E. Frazer, now Judge Frazer, of Detroit. Mr. Bower supported himself while in college by corresponding for a number of newspapers and conducting a humorous department in Ballou's Monthly, a Boston publication. He was accorded the degree of LL. B. in March, 1878, and soon thereafter was admitted to the bar in the Washtenaw circuit court. He was chosen by the Greek-letter secret society of the law department as its representative on the Palladium board for 1878, and was also elected, after a spirited contest, toast-master of his class. After graduating he arranged to practice law in Kansas City, but fate again overruled Soon after graduating he was sent for by the Detroit Evening News to fill temporarily an absent reporter's place. About this time the country was indignant on hearing of the discovery, in the dissecting room of the medical college at Ann Arbor, of the body of the son of General Nevins, of Ohio. Bower was assigned to this case by the News. His inside knowledge of the medical department, obtained while a student at the university, was all brought into use in this series of articles, which immediately gave him a local reputation as a newspaper reporter. Later he obtained and wrote up for the News in an exhaustive manner the facts concerning the mysterious disappearance of Martha Whitla, a young woman whose dead body was found in the River Rouge, sewed up in a sack. In these articles a citizen of Detroit considered himself accused of the murder of this girl, and he brought suit for $50,000 damages against the Evening News. After an exciting trial, extending over many weeks, the jury returned a verdict in favor of the News. This vindicated Mr. Bower's statement of the facts, and as the plaintiff left the court room, a discomfited suitor, he was arrested on the charge of wilful murder. Two murder trials followed, the jury disagreeing on the first trial and acquitting cm the second trial. In 1878 Mr. Bower revived the Ann Arbor Democrat, turned the management over to his brother, Henry E. H. Bower, and continued his newspaper work in Detroit. In July' of the same year he and Henry A. Griffin, the well-known Cleveland journalist and Secretary of the Ohio State Board of Commerce, started the Detroit Daily Mail. Capital was lacking to make it a success, and the paper suspended in a few weeks. In 1884 Mr. Bower became the managing editor of the Detroit Post and Tribune. When that paper was sold two years later he transferred his services to the Detroit Journal, and soon became its managing editor, remaining with it until the reorganization of the World Publishing Company of this city in July, 1890, when he was invited to accept its management. He assumed his new duties on July 7th of that year. The World was only a small four-page daily of insignificant circulation; but CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 27 capital was interested, Mr. F. B. Squire becoming president of the company. Mr. Bower is one of the large stockholders. The World has grown in less than four years under his management to be the paper it is to-day. In 1891 Mr. Bower wedded Mrs. Agnes Sinclair Riggs, of Detroit, widow of Major John H. Riggs, and since his marriage has resided at 909 Prospect street. He is one of the hardest-working men in Cleveland, devoting his entire time to the management of the World. WILLIAM A. KNOWLTON, M. D., one of the well known and popular physicians of Cleveland, is a prominent resident of the South Side of the city, where he has built up a representative and lucrative practice since he established himself in business there, in 1890. He was born at Olmsted Falls, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, May 16, 1839, his parents being Dr. William and Mrs. Charlotte (Haskell) Knowlton, both of whom were natives of the State of New York, where they grew to maturity, and were married. The father, who was a skilled physician and surgeon, came with his family to Ohio in 1838 and located at Olmsted Falls, where he engaged in the practice of his profession, becoming widely and favorably known for his ability and honor. He had received his medical education in the East and kept pace with the advancement made in his line of occupation. He had to endure the manifold hardships which ever fall to the lot of the pioneer physician, but he served the people in his field of labor faithfully and unselfishly, gaining the high esteem and the affection of those to whom he ministered. His death occurred in February, 1856, at which time he had attained the age of fifty years. His widow survived until 1865, passing away about the age of sixty-two years. The Haskell family was one of prominence in New York; a brother of Mrs. Knowlton was a member of Congress from the district in which Genesee, that State, is located. Of the six children born to Dr. and Mrs. William Knowlton our subject was the youngest, and of the number only three are now living, namely: Ellen M. Voorhees, who is still a resident of Cuyahoga county; Rev. A. W. Knowlton, a Presbyterian ,clergyman, located in Wayne county; and our subject. Another brother, Dr. Augustus P., who died a few years since, was a practicing physician at Berea, Ohio, and had attained to a position of prominence in his profession, being well known in Cleveland and in other parts of the State. Our subject received an academic education under the tutorship of Professor Samuel Bissell, of Twinsburg, Ohio, and subsequently began the study of medicine under the preceptorship of his brother, Augustus P., at North Royalton, Cuyahoga county. He is a graduate of the medical department of Wooster University and also holds a diploma from the medical department of the Western Reserve University. He began the practice of his profession at Brecksville, where he remained for nearly a quarter of a century, coming to Cleveland in 1890 and locating at 530 Jennings avenue, where his headquarters have since been maintained. He has recently secured a preferment which amply attests his ability and reputation, having taken the chair of obstetrics in the medical department of the Wooster University. He is a member of the Cuyahoga County, the Cleveland and the Ohio State Medical Societies. In his fraternal relations he retains a membership in each the Masonic order, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Grand Army of the Republic. Of the Doctor's war record it may be stated that he enlisted in May, 1862, for three months' service as a member of Company E, Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On being mustered out at the expiration of his term of enlistment, he again made ready to go to the front, and in October of the same year re-enlisted in Company E, Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, which was duly assigned to service in the Army of the Potomac. He was wounded at St. Mary's Church on the 24th of June, 1864, 28 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. and was thus so disabled as to be unable to again join his company, which took an active part in numerous engagements, being one of the commands that served under General Sheridan. Dr. Knowlton rose by successive promotions until he was finally commissioned Captain by Governor Brough. He was mustered out with his regiment in 1865. In 1868 Dr. Knowlton was united in marriage to Mrs. Jennie M. Seymour, of Cleveland, Ohio. She died in 1880, at the age of forty years. The second marriage of the Doctor occurred in 1882, when he was was -united to Miss Fannie E., daughter of Owen P. Snow, of Brecksville. They have had three children, one of whom, Douglass, died at the rage of one year. Those living are Margaret, aged eleven, and Donald, aged one year. Mrs. Knowlton is a devoted member of the Pilgrim Congregational Church of Cleveland. HON. DAVID MORISON, of Cleveland, was born in this city, of Scotch-American parentage, and was thus equipped by nature with some of the best gifts of nativity to which man can fall heir—the Scotch thoroughness and thrift and the American keenness and practical insight. His mother, Charlotte C. (Bidwell) Morison, was a descendant of an excellent New England family, who trace their ancestry direct to the Mayflower, many of whom were Revolutionary patriots and citizens of Connecticut. His father, David Morison, Sr., was born in Edinboro, Scotland. After acquiring a collegiate education Mr. Morison prepared himself for the vocation of a thorough merchant and manufacturer, and at length came to America, locating in Cleveland. Mr. Morison, the subject of this sketch, has been a Republican since his boyhood, taking from the first a deep interest in political questions and always having an opinion of his own. He has also been one of those who believed that it was the duty of every good citizen to take a part in political affairs, and in consequence he has been an active worker in support of the principles and party in which he believed. In 1877 he was elected to the City Council and became a most useful and trustworty member. He was complimented with the presidency of that body in April, 1882, and his remarks on accepting the trust showed the deep sense of responsibility he felt in assuming that office. In addition to his services in the Council, he was also an active member of the Board of City Improvement, being the representative of the Council in that body in 1880–'81, and the citizen member in 1886. Among the measures for the public good to which he gave his voice and vote during this service were: The acceptance of Wade Park; granting a right of way to the New York Central & St. Louis Railroad through the city; authorizing the purchase of the Fairmount street reservoir; the extension of the franchise of the Brooklyn street railroad in Scovill avenue to Woodland cemetery, and the introduction of Medina block stone for paving, instead of the old cheap method. In 1886 Mr. Morison was elected to the State Senate by a majority of 3,425 votes, in a district occasionally Democratic, and was re-elected to that body in 1888. While in the Senate he secured the passage of a bill giving Cleveland the Federal plan of government. At the next session the Cleveland municipal reform bill was 'brought before the Senate, and Mr. Morison made. an able address in support of the measure and secured its unanimous passage. In making up his cabinet in April, 1891, Mayor Rose invited Mr. Morison to become Director of Charities and Correction, to accept which he resigned his seat in the Senate. The administration of affairs in that office was most economical and efficient. The institutions under his charge were in debt, and in a deplorable condition as regards sanitation and otherwise. By Mr. Morison's wise guidance all these conditions were remedied, even perfected, and the institutions made almost self-supporting. He CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 29 retired from the City Hall in April, 1893, conscious of having performed his whole duty and with the thanks of a grateful public. For many years he has given his spare time to extending his real-estate investments. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, Oriental Commandery, K. T., Knights of Pythias, Red Cross Lodge, Court St. Clair, I. 0. F., Cleveland Athletic Club, Masonic Club and many other organizations. RT. REV. LOUIS AMADEUS RAPPE, who was first Bishop of Cleveland, was born February 2, 1801, at Andrehem, Department of Pas de Calais, France. His parents were of the peasantry, and though humble they were truly virtuous people. In early life the son was under the necessity of assisting his aged father in cultivating the fields, and hence his literary training was somewhat neglected up to the age of twenty years, at which age he started for the College of Boulogne, then under the direction of the celebrated Abbe Haffringue. His purpose was to prepare himself for the priesthood, having been so induced by the influence of his mother. After completing his collegiate course, he entered the Seminary of Arras, and March 14, 1829, was ordained priest by Cardinal Latour d'Auvergne. His first charge was a country parish in the village of Wizme. About five years after his ordination he was appointed Chaplain of the Ursuline Convent at Boulogne. This position Father Rappe held from 1834 to 1840, during which time he read with great interest the " Annals of the Propagation of the Faith," which prompted him to devote himself to the American Missions. Through the influence of Bishop Purcell, of Cincinnati, then visiting Europe, Father Rappe was induced to come to America in the year 1840, for the purpose of entering upon the toilsome and self-sacrificing life of a missionary. Receiving permission from his Ordinary to leave his diocese, and bidding farewell to his charge, he set sail for America, arriving at Cincinnati toward the close of 1840. By Bishop Purcell he was at once sent to Chillicothe, in order to learn the English language, with which he was not familiar on coming to America. A few months later he was able to make himself understood in English, though he progressed slowly in the language and never acquired skill in its pronunciation. From the summer of 1841 to the spring of 1846 his labors were in the northwestern part of Ohio, from Toledo to the Indiana line and to the south as far as Allen county. His labors were trying and filled with great privations and difficulties. It was here that he saw the dangerous effects of intemperance, and throughout the rest of his life he was an ardent worker for temperance, both in word and example. He was successful in his labors in the Toledo field, which grew in point of numbers and thus increased his duties manifold. He was a missionary of indomitable zeal and untiring energy, and being of great power of endurance he was enabled to perform much work. At last assistance was necessary, and in 1846 he was sent a co-laborer in the person of Father De Goesbriand. Father Rappe was affable in his intercourse with his people and was of great power and influence among them. As a teacher of the catechism he had a special gift, and was equally gifted in his ability to bring the adults of his flock to frequent confession and regular attendance at mass. Bishop Purcell, finding the work of attending the diocese, then comprising the whole of Ohio, too great for him, asked the Holy See for a division of the diocese, and Cleveland was designated an episcopal see, and the zealous " Missionary of the Maumee," Father Rappe, was chosen as first bishop of this diocese. October 10, 1847, he was consecrated, at Cincinnati, by Bishop Purcell. Immediately afterward Bishop Rappe took possession of his see, his diocese comprising all that portion of Ohio lying north of the southern limits of Columbiana, 30 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Stark, Wayne, Crawford, Wyandot, Hancock, Allen and Van Wert counties. There was then but one church in Cleveland, namely, St. Mary's, built in 1836, and but one priest. To supply the growing Catholic population in Cleveland it was necessary to erect another building for church purposes. In 1848 a frame building, 30 x 60 feet, was erected on Superior street, near Erie, and for several years it was used as a temporary church and parochial school house (the first in Cleveland), folding doors closing the sanctuary during school hours. Later Bishop Rappe had plans made for a cathedral, and in the fall of 1848 the corner stone was laid. Bishop Rappe went to Europe in 1849 for the purpose of securing priests for his diocese, and members of religious communities for -schools and charitable institutions. In September, 1850, he returned with four priests, five seminarians and six Ursuline nuns. During the Bishop's absence the mansion of Judge Cowles, on Euclid avenue, was bought for the Ursuline Sisters. It served as 'the mother house of 'the community until 1893. These sisters immediately opened a select school and academy, and in 1851 St. Mary's Orphan Asylum for girls was established on Harmon street, and the next year St. Vincent's Asylum for boys was opened on Monroe street. The most important wants of the diocese now being supplied, Bishop Rappe turned his attention to the details of diocesan work. Much work was accomplished in the upbuilding of schools and charitable institutions, and the several churches rapidly grew both in number and strength, and amid all these great duties Bishop Rappe never once showed signs of fatigue. Previous to 1863 Cleveland had no hospital, and the Civil War increased largely the necessity for a hospital, which Bishop Rappe would have ere then built had he been able. Now he proposed to build one and supply it with competent nurses, provided the public would give him active assistance; and the public gladly embraced the opportunity. In 1865 a $75,000 hospital was completed. It was named Charity Hospital and placed under the charge of the Sisters of Charity. In 1869 Bishop Rappe visited Rome, attending the Vatican Council; and returning with frail health and failing eyesight he resigned, August 22, 1870, as Bishop of Cleveland, in which position he had borne arduous duties, performing them with phenomenal zeal, fitness and becoming success, for a period of nearly twenty-three years. He retired after his resignation to Burlington, Vermont, and thereafter engaged in his former and favorite work of giving missions and catechising the young, till his death, which came to him September 8, 1877. To Cleveland his remains were brought and placed in the vault in the Cathedral basement. Bishop Rappe was, indeed, a remarkable man; he was endowed with a strong mind and an affectionate and devout nature; he was a true patriot, a devout Christian, and his life was long and well filled with usefulness to his God and fellow man. RT. REV. RICHARD GILMOUR, second Bishop of the Cleveland diocese, was born in the city of Glasgow, Scotland, September 28, 1824, and came to America in 1829. He was brought up and educated as a Scotch Covenanter, but in early manhood he became a Catholic, and his conversion was due to unaided investigation and reason. He studied for the priesthood at Mount St. Mary's College, Emmitsburg, Maryland, and was ordained priest August 30, 1852, by the Most Rev. Archbishop Purcell, who now sent him to a field of labor in southern Ohio, northeastern Kentucky and southwestern Virginia. Here also he labored under great trials and disadvantages, though with great and pleasing success, till 1857, when he was called to Cincinnati, and made pastor- of St. Patrick's Church, one of the largest congregations in that city. Here also he was very successful. Among other CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 31 achievements was the organization, of one of the largest parochial schools in Cincinnati. After eleven years of faithful service for this congregation he became a professor in St. Mary's Theological Seminary, Cincinnati, and later pastor of St. Joseph's Church at Dayton, Ohio. In 1872 he was made Bishop of Cleveland, being consecrated as such by Archbishop Purcell, on the 14th of April that year. Like his lamented predecessor, Bishop Rappe, he was a man of indomitable zeal and wonderful energy. He found his new position full of difficulties and incessant work. Not sparing self he so overtaxed his physical strength that he was obliged to cease all duty for nearly two years, for on June 24, 1874, he fell a victim to nervous prostration, from which he did not fully recover until about 1877. Most of this period of enforced rest he spent in southern France, whence he returned in July, 1876, gradually resuming his arduous labors. He soon had the satisfaction to see his diocese rank with the first in point of system and order. He was an ardent advocate for the parochial schools, for which in earlier years he prepared a complete set of readers, that soon found adoption throughout the country. As a public speaker he had few equals; as a writer he ranked with the best, his style being clear, forcible, and even trenchant at times. He was a man of strong individuality. Tall of stature, and commanding in appearance, he would easily be singled out in any assembly as a man of force and mental strength. Fair-minded and strictly just, he keenly resented injustice or deception. At first sight he impressed one as stern and reserved, but in reality he had a most kindly disposition and generous impulse. As a converser he had few superiors. He was most frugal in his habits, and methodical as well as painstaking in his work. He was thoroughly American in sentiment, but had an impartial respect and kindly feeling for all nationalities. He had the universal respect of his non-Catholic fellow citizens, who recognized in him a man of rare intellect and great force of character. Of this respect they gave evidence in the memorial meeting held in his honor, after his death, in Music Hall, Cleveland, when all the speakers were men of prominence, not one of whom Catholic, and representing all shades of belief, and even of unbelief, but who had none but words of praise for him, applauded by the thousands assembled to honor his memory. It was indeed the most unique assembly ever held anywhere in the country. His death was lamented as that of a great man, good citizen, and able prelate, a loss to city, country and the church he served so well. He died at St. Augustine, Florida, on April 13, 1891, after about one year's illness. His remains rest in a crypt under the cathedral in Cleveland, next to those of his predecessor, Bishop Rappe. THE RT. REV. IGNATIUS FREDERICK HORSTMANN, D.D., third Bishop of Cleveland, was born in Philadelphia, or rather the part of it that was then the District of Southwark, on December 16, 1840. His parents, natives of Germany, came to this country in early life, and his father was a very prominent and prosperous business man in the city of his -adoption. Young Ignatius began his education in a private academy conducted by Madam Charrier and her daughter, Mlle. Clementine, and situated on German street, east of Third street. From this institution he passed to the Mount Vernon grammar school, and, having finished the regular course with distinction, was promoted to the Central high school, at which he graduated in 1857, with an exceptionally high average. Indeed, those who were then and previously his classmates say that he was ever at the head of his class. Then he entered St. Joseph's College, conducted by the Jesuits, and located at the northeast corner of Juniper and Filbert streets, Philadelphia. Evincing a strong inclination for the priesthood, he entered the preparatory seminary at 82 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY Glen Riddle, being one of the first of its students. Bishop Wood was so pleased with his aptitude for and application to study that he chose him as one of the first whom he sent to the newly established American College in Rome. There he continued to fulfil the promise that he had already uniformly given, and soon took foremost rank in the classes of the Propaganda, winning a number of medals in literary and oratorical contests. Completing the prescribed course of studies, he was elevated to the priesthood in the Eternal City on June 10, 1865, by Cardinal Patrizzi. He continued his studies in Rome, and a year later won the degree of Doctor of Divinity. Returning to Philadelphia he was, in the latter part of 1866, appointed Professor of Logic, Metaphysics and Ethics, as well as of German and Hebrew, in St. Charles Borromeo's Seminary, in the old building at Eighteenth and Race streets, until 1871, and afterward at Over-brook, Pennsylvania. He remained there until the close of 1877, when he was appointed pastor of St. Mary's Church, Philadelphia. He served this parish with admirable ability and tact, and drew to the church large congregations to hear his learned and interesting discourses. So carefully did he manage the finances of the parish that when he left, after having been in charge considerably less than eight years, there was a balance of over $19,000 to the church's credit. In September, 1885, Archbishop Ryan appointed him Diocesan Chancellor, which important and exacting position he filled with distinguished ability, till his elevation to the Episcopate, February, 1892. As Chancellor he had more leisure for literary work than he had as a pastor. His extensive learning and critical taste have been of use not only to himself but also to the intelligent Catholic-reading public in his valuable labors on the editorial staff of the American Catholic Quarterly Review. In addition to attending to the works so far referred to, he was Spiritual Director of the Catholic Club and Chaplain of the Convent of Notre Dame, including the spiritual direction of three organizations that meet there and that are composed largely of former pupils of the, academy. Many appropriate demonstrations in his honor were held in this city on the occasion of the twenty-fifth anniversary of his ordination, which was celebrated impressively. Archbishop Ryan preached the jubilee sermon in the cathedral. At a grand reception at the Catholic Club in behalf of his lay friends a purse of $4,200 was presented, which sum he immediately turned over to St. Vincent's Home. February 25, 1892, he was consecrated Bishop of Cleveland, thus succeeding Bishop Gilmour, who died in April, 1891. Bishop Horstmann was duly installed in Cleveland- a few weeks later, an immense multitude welcoming him to the Forest City. During his short career as Bishop of the large and important Diocese of Cleveland he has impressed all who have thus far met him as a man full of energy, firmness and kindness. He is a fluent speaker, an able writer, and is endowed with great business tact, and thoroughly in touch with his people.REV REV. C. A. THOMAS, senior agent of the publishing house of the Evangelical Association of Cleveland, was born in Hesse, Germany, March 22, 1840, a son of Henry and Catharine (Knoth) Thomas, also natives of Germany. His father, who has been engaged in the shoe trade, is now retired, aged eighty-seven years, with powers of body and mind well preserved. He resides with his son, .whose name introduces this sketch. He came with his family from Germany in 1854, settling at Lockport, New York. His wife died about 1884, at the age of seventy one years. Both Were worthy and devoted members of the Evangelical Association. Their exemplary lives as sincere and consistent Christians are an endearing heritage to the family and a boon to CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 33 their acquaintances in the church of their choice. Of their twelve children five are living, one of whom, Henry, a twin brother of the subject of this sketch, is a minister in the Canada Conference of the Evangelical Association. When a youth Mr. C. A. Thomas was educated both privately and at public schools, in both German and English, and both in the old country and America, and to a great degree without tutors. He began preaching at the age of nineteen years, in Canada, the New York Conference embracing a portion of that country. He was on circuits for twenty years before coming to Cleveland, in 1879, and for over fourteen years he was editor of the Evangelical Magazine and of Sunday-school literature; he is the oldest editor now in the publishing house, with which he has been connected for more than fourteen years. In this situation he was the successor of the late Rev. Dr., Martin Lauer, who suddenly died December 31, 1893. After that event the Board of Managers and the junior publisher, who survived Mr. Lauer, were of the united opinion that Mr. Thomas possessed all the qualifications for the position; and his success since then, though he has had the place but a short time, has already given ample evidence that their judgment was correct. Mr. Thomas is one of those men who consider their lives to be made up of plain duties, and his highest ambition is to discharge those duties to the honor of God and with justice to all men. He is the author of' a number of books in German, is a fluent writer and ready speaker. When he assumed the management of the Religious Belleslettric Magazine its circulation increased from 6,000 to 14,500, and it has outstripped every other publication of its kind in the German language in this country. His success as editor was due largely to the fact that he familiarized himself with the wants and needs of the readers of the magazine, and has been successful in his endeavor to meet those wants. In this effort he did not undertake to cater to morbid appetite, but kept strictly within the channel of purity and noble ambition. This feature has brought the Evangelical Magazine to the front, and is now the leading German periodical in this field in America. Rev. Thomas is from a family noted for good health and longevity; is of medium size, wiry constitution and jovial disposition, and alert as a young man. He is a close observer, a good judge of human nature, has clear conceptive powers, a keen sense of 'justice, and is therefore a man of the highest sense of dignity, supported with the prudence of consideration and equity. As a preacher he was singularly successful. This is accounted for by his originality, which is full of energy and life, and just so much of good humor as to make him an interesting speaker both for young and old. He is a natural disciplinarian, which quality he demonstrated with signal ability while serving the church as Presiding Elder and also as editor of the Evangelical Magazine. February 27, 1866, is the date of his marriage to Miss Joanna Spies, daughter of Rev. C. A. Spies, of this city, and of the same church, who resides with this family. His age is now eighty-three years, and he is retired from the ministry, which he commenced in 1857, and during which he did much for the religions welfare of the German people of this country, both in the United States and in Canada. Mr. Thomas' residence is at 31 Steinway avenue, Cleveland. His children are: Edward, a machinist of this city, who married May Judkins; Emma, of the home circle; Adaline, who has been a successful teacher in the public schools for a number of years; Joanna, who died at the age of nineteen years, May 27, 1893, a most lovely girl; and Harvey, now a pupil ,in the public schools. The Cleveland publishing house of the Evangelical Association is located at 265 to 275 Woodland avenue. The building is a solid brick block, four stories high besides the basement, and covering the entire square between Vine and Herman streets; having 100 feet front on Woodland avenue, it is equivalent to five full-sized stores. Half of it was built in 1874, and half in 1884. It embraces, besides publishing and 34 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. wholesale departments, a retail book store and a number of offices, and a large press-room fronting on Woodland avenue. The house publishes a number of periodicals, both in German and English, weeklies, monthlies and quarterlies. having subscribers by the hundred thousand scattered throughout America, Germany and Japan, and even to some extent in Russia, Pales tine and parts of Africa. It is safe to say that this house has done its full share in distributing good and wholesome literature. It has the oldest German religious papers in this country, some of which were commenced as early as 1836; and a complete file Of the oldest periodical is still preserved entire. The institution also publishes music, conducts a bindery and electrotyping establishment and do job work generally. No publishing house in the United States has a better name, or has in the time of its existence exerted a greater influence for good. D. W. GAGE, attorney, Cleveland, was born September 26, 1825, at Madison, Lake county, Ohio, a son of James and Charlana (Turney) Gage. His father was born in Norway, Herkimer county, New York, and early in life, probably when twenty-one years of age, came to Ohio, settling in Madison, where he spent nearly the whole of his life. He was a carpenter and joiner by trade, and also devoted a portion of his life to farming. In the village of Madison David. W. Gage was reared, attending the district school until he was seventeen years of age, when he prepared for college at Twinsburg Institute, Painesville Academy and Madison Seminary. When he was about ready for college he was attacked with typhoid fever, and a severe spell of sick ness prevented his taking a course in college, and left him in not the very best of health, and warned him of his inability to go through the ordinary work of completing a college education. He had, however, gained a very liberal education, and as his tastes directed him to the profession of law, he began his preparations for that vocation by entering the law office of S. B. Axtell, in Painesville, where he read law during the years 1848 and '49. Subsequently he came to Cleveland and spent the years of 1852 and '53 in reading law in the office of Williamson & Riddle. He was admitted to the bar at Columbus in the winter of 1853-54, and immediately thereafter entered upon the practice of his profession. He began practice in Cleveland, and continued until 1868, in which year he removed to Iowa, where he remained for five years. He then returned to Cleveland, in which city he has since remained, continuing in an active, lucrative general practice. While in Iowa he held the position of -United States Commissioner for that State, and since he returned to Ohio he has been conspicuous as a leading spirit in the Prohibition movement. He is a member of the Sons of Temperance and of the Royal Templars, and for a number of years was a member of the Masonic order. He is a Christian gentleman, being a member of the East End Baptist Church, where he is an active worker as a Deacon. Mr. Gage was married September, 1855, to Miss Mary J. Cole, daughter of Wm. H. Cole, of Warrensville, this county. The home of Mr. and Mrs. Gage have been blessed by the birth of the following children: Cora B., now the widow of A. R. Newton; Mattie G., now the widow of J. W. Street; and Julia J., now Mrs. W. R Gerrish, of Oberlin, Ohio. HENRY CLAY WHITE, a member of the bar of Cuyahoga county, was born in the town of Newburg, in said county, near the city of Cleveland, on the 23d day of February, A. D. 1839. His father, Wileman W. White, emigrated from Berkshire county, Massachusetts, to Cleveland, Ohio, when it was a struggling village, in the year 1815. He was bred to the trade of carpenter and joiner, and entered at once upon an active CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 35 career as a builder and contractor in the grow ing village of Cleveland, and 'constructed the first frame church edifice in the city, and the first bridge across the Cuyahoga river. He was an active builder and business man until 1838, when he removed from the city and purchased a large farm with mill, etc., in the township of Newburg and located upon the Ohio canal, which was then the great line of communication between the lakes, Pittsburg, Cincinnati and other points. The mother of the subject of this sketch was also a native of Massachusetts, born in Berkshire county. The father died in 1842, leaving Henry, his youngest soh, only four years of age. He thus lost the nurture and guiding hand of his father, and from domestic vicissitudes very soon lost his home and was obliged to resort to many humble occupations to make a living. In 1851 he attended school for a year or more at the Eclectic Institute, the predecessor of Hiram College, Ohio, and later, in 1856, returned to that school, when it was presided over by James A. Garfield, then its young principal. Mr. White spent five years at this school, laying the foundation for a fair education. He was one of those who, to the extent of his capacity, was blessed by the inspiration and ideals received from the teaching and intercourse with Mr. Garfield, who early achieved success as a great teacher. Mr. White, in the fall of 1860, entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan and graduated there in 1862 as B. L.; he then came to Cleveland, Ohio, where he has since resided, having been admitted to the bar in 1862. For ten years after his admission to the bar, in consequence of the depression in legal business due to the war of the Rebellion, he entered the Clerk's office of the Court of Common Pleas and served there in all capacities for ten years, until 1874, when he entered actively into the practice of law. In the fall of 1887 lie was a candidate for Probate Judge of the county of Cuyahoga, seeking the nomination at the hands of the Republican party, having for his chief opponent Honorable Daniel R. Tilden, who had held the office for thirty-three years in succession. Mr. White was nominated and elected by a handsome majority, and entered upon his first term on the 9th day of February, 1888, and has since been twice re-elected and is now holding said office for his third term. In politics he is a Republican, having taken part in the campaign of 1860, which resulted in the election of Abraham Lincoln. He is a member of the Disciples' Church. He was married in 1866 and has four children. REUBEN WILLSON WALTERS, physician and surgeon of Chagrin Falls, Ohio, was born at Russell, Geauga County, Ohio, August 22, 1838, a son of Reuben R. Walters, who was born in Herkimer county, New York, in 1804, a son of Nathaniel Walters, born in Dutchess county, New York, a son of John Walters, a native of England. Nathaniel Walters,‘ a grandfather, married a Miss Robins, also a native of New York State, Dutchess county, and a daughter of an old family of the State. Reuben R. Walters, father of Reuben W. Walters, came to Ohio in 1837 and settled in Russell. He was a carpenter and joiner and cabinet-maker by trade, and was a good mechanic. He was the man that cast the first Abolitionist vote in Geauga county. Later he became a Republican and finally a Prohibitionist, was a Deacon in the Free-will Baptist Church, and died at Chagrin Falls, January 9, 1888, at eighty-three years of age. The mother's maiden name was Emily White; she died at Chagrin Falls, March 10, 1890, aged eighty-five, surrounded by all the care and comforts her son, our subject, could give her. She had one other son, Franklin R., who died in 1854. Reuben W. grew up in Chagrin Falls and here received his early education. During the war he enlisted, August 15, 1862, at the time of Lincoln's call for " 300,000 more," and in the 3 36 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company D, and as hospital steward he served until March, 1865. He was at the battles of Lookout M ou ntain, Missionary Ridge, etc., Georgia, and other engagements of less note. As hospital steward he served with credit and honor. Doctor Walters graduated in the Medical Department of Western Reserve University, February 19, 1867, and also graduated at the Homeopathic Hospital College of Cleveland six years later. Doctor Walters was married December 5, 1867, at Conneautville, Pennsylvania, to Sarah Francis White, a lady of education, refinement and good family. She was born at Garrettsville, Ohio, a daughter of H. K. White, now deceased, and Laura (Ellinwood) White. Before her marriage she was a successful and popular teacher. She died March 20,1893, leaving two sons: Wilson H., a graduate of the Chagrin Falls high school in 1892; and Frank, a boy of fourteen, attending school at Mount Vernon, Ohio. Mrs. Walters was a worthy wife and mother, a helpmate to her husband, a Christian lady. Doctor Walters is a member of the G. A. R, N. L. Norris Post, No. 40. He is one of the twelve commissioners of the Soldiers' and. Sailors' Monument, at Cleveland, Ohio. He is a worthy member of the Seventh-Day Adventist Church.. The Doctor has been active in the best interests of the town, and is one of its most worthy citizens. The Doctor was President of the Board of Education from 1879 to 1882, and clerk of the same during those years. FRANK S. CLARK, M. D.—In the great competitive struggle of life, when each man must enter the field and fight his way to the front, or else be overtaken by disaster of circumstance or place, proving either a coward or a victim, there is ever a particular interest attaching to the life of one who has turned the tide of success, has surmounted obstacles and has shown his ability to cope with others in their rush for the coveted goal. The record of such lives must ever be a fecund source of interest and incentive. Dr. Clark, who has gained enviable prestige as one of the most able and successful of the younger practitioners of medicine and surgery in the city of Cleveland, was born in Summit county, Ohio, on the 27th of May, 1865, a son of H. J. and Lizzie P. (Blackman) Clark, both of whom are natives of Ohio. The father is now actively engaged in the general mercantile business. In early life he was for about twenty years a prominent teacher, being for some time superintendent of the public schools at Oberlin, Ohio. He is a graduate of the Western Reserve University, and at one time he had charge of the academy at Poland, Ohio. He is a resident of Oberlin, and has for years been a Deacon of the First Congregational Church of that place. Our subject is the second of a family of five children, two of whom died in childhood. Those living are noted as follows: Mary A. is a graduate of Oberlin College, and has been a successful teacher. She taught at Nashville, Tennessee, under the auspices of the American Missionary Association of the Congregational Church. Edward W. Clark is a graduate of Oberlin College, in which institution he was for two years an instructor in Latin and Greek, for the teaching of which languages he is now (1893) in Germany perfecting himself. Dr. Clark completed a classical course at Oberlin and graduated in 1887, receiving the degree of A. M. in 1890. In the fall of the same year he began the study of medicine in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, graduating in 1890. He filled the position as house physician at Lakeside Hospital for one year and then entered upon a general practice in the city of Cleveland, leaving the hospital in April, 1891. He had charge of the Maternity Hospital for one year after severing his connection with the Lakeside Hospital. He is a member of the Cuyahoga County and the Cleveland Medical Societies and is also identified with the State medical association. CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 37 Dr. Clark has met with success in his professional work, has gained recognition for his worth and ability and is one of the most promising among the young physicians of the Forest City. He has been a close and conscientious student, is thoroughly abreast of the progress made in the science of medicine and is enthusiastic in his profession. He is at present visiting physician and surgeon to St.. Alexis Hospital. HON. HENRY B. PAYNE, an eminent citizen, lawyer and statesman, was born in Hamilton, Madison county, New York, November 30, 1810. His father, Elisha Payne, was a native of Connecticut, and left Lebanon in that State in 1795, settling in Hamilton, where he was instrumental in founding the Hamilton Theological Seminary, being a man of pure personal character and public spirit. The Payne family is of English origin, but the mother of Henry B. Payne came of the noted Douglas stock. Mr. Payne graduated at Hamilton College at the age of twenty-two, distinguished for mathematical and classical attainments. He immediately began the study of law in the office of John C. Spencer, an eminent lawyer of Canandaigua, afterward Secretary of War in President Tyler's Cabinet. Stephen A. Douglas was at the same time a student in the office of a rival law firm, and then and there Payne and Douglas began a personal and political friendship of a life-time. In 1833 westward was the course of empire for young men of education and high spirit, even as it is now, and the two young lawyers emigrated to Cleveland, Ohio, then a thriving village of about 3,000 people. Douglas had preceded Payne some months, and when the latter arrived he found the future senator of Illinois sick nigh unto death. His first mission was to nurse his friend back to health or close his eyes in death. For three weeks he never left the bedside of Douglas. When the latter recovered he announced his intention of going further west. Mr. Payne, while regretting the separation, aided him financially to make the journey, and three years later was gratified to hear of Douglas as Prosecuting Attorney of Sangamon county, Illinois. Mr. Payne, sagaciously prophesying the bright future of the then handsome village, adopted Cleveland for his permanent abode, and after a student year in the office of Sherlock J. Andrews, then the foremost advocate of northern Ohio, he was admitted to the bar. The following year he formed a partnership with the late Judge Hiram V. Willson. The legal firm of Payne & Willson starting under favorable auspices, in a few years they found their office doing the leading business in the State. The professional life of Mr. Payne was comparatively short, embracing only some twelve years, as he was compelled, in 1846, in the midst of an overwhelming business, to retire from practice by reason of physical debility arising principally from hemorrhage of the lungs, the result of crushing mental and physical labor. After the lapse of fifty years but few of his contemporaries remain who knew him at the bar. If, however, the legends which have come down the decades from the lips of eminent veterans of the profession may be relied on as history, they bear testimony to his legal accomplishments and great forensic ability, even from his first appearance. His characteristics were quickness of perception, a seeming intuitive knowledge of principles involved, a wonderful comprehension of testimony, and as an advocate he possessed rare and peculiar gifts. He did not, however, trust alone to his inherent powers. Being an alert and industrious student he thoroughly prepared every case, and then doubly armed he was a formidable opponent. In 1836, upon the organization of the government' of the city of Cleveland under a municipal charter, he was appointed the first of that long list of legal advisers designated City Attorney or Solicitor. The same year he married Miss Mary Perry, the accomplished and 38 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. only daughter of Nathan Perry, a worthy merchant of the pioneer days of northern Ohio. In commemoration of the happy event and life-long domestic companionship, he recently, after the lapse of nearly sixty years, erected on Superior street the monumental and beautiful structure appropriately christened "Perry–Payne." After his retirement from the bar and the restoration of his health, he was not inactive; he not only devoted himself to his extensive private affairs, but such was the public confidence in his financial abilities and personal integrity that his services were almost constantly demanded, either in the Council to aid in restoring or sustaining municipal credit, or in the reconstruction of its various departments,—always a gratuitous service. Mr. Payne was an early and leading spirit in railroad enterprises in Ohio. In 1849 he, with John W. Allen, Richard Hilliard and John M. Woolsey, inaugurated measures for the construction of the Cleveland & Columbus Railroad, and mainly to Henry B. Payne, Richard Hilliard, and Alfred Kelley the success of the great enterprise was due. The road was completed in 1851 and Mr. Payne was elected its president, which office he resigned in 1854. He became a director in 1855 of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula (afterward Lake Shore) Railroad. These and other enterprises and industries with which his name has been associated as subscriber and promoter, have largely contributed to advance the little village of his adoption in 1833, to a city of 300,000 in 1893. In 1855 he served as a member of the first board of Water Works Commissioners, under whose auspices that great and indispensable system was planned and executed in behalf of the city. In 1862 he became president of the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners, which position he has ever since held. The city takes pride in the management of its sinking fund, which in the hands of able and honest commissioners, in thirty years, has augmented from about $360,000 to $3,000,000, with a nominal annual expense of only a few hundred dollars for clerical service,—an unprecedented example of the management of a public financial trust. In 1848 he was a Presidential Elector on the Cass ticket. In 1851 he was elected State Sen- ator, serving two years with such ability as to win universal recognition in the State as a parliamentary leader and statesman. The first appreciation of the public talents of Mr. Payne, and the devotion of his party in that Legislature to him, is recorded in the twenty-six ballotings for United States Senator, in which his party remained true to him in every ballot, while their opponents, the Whigs, matched him alternately with many of their ablest men, Ewing, Corwin, Andrews, and several others, the balance of power being held by some few Free Soil members, the ultimate result being the election of Benjamin F. Wade by one majority. The stirring event in the State in 1857 was the nomination of Mr. Payne by the Democratic party for Governor. The conclusion of his brilliant and captivating speech accepting the nomination was alike gallant, inspiriting and characteristic, when he said, “In the, battle in which we are engaged I ask no Democrat to go where I am not first found bearing the standard which you hive placed in my hands." He made a canvass so remarkable for its spirit, aggressiveness and brilliancy that although his party had but recently been in a minority of 80,000, he came within a few hundred votes of defeating Governor Chase for his second term. The official count alone determined the result. He was a delegate to the Democratic national convention held at Cincinnati in 1856, which nominated Buchanan for president; and delegate at large to the convention at Charleston in 1860, and reported from the committee the minority resolutions, which were adopted by the convention. He was selected by Senator Douglas to reply to the attacks of Yancey and. Toombs its that convention. The speech made by Mr. Payne in the Charleston convention was remarkable for its perspicuity, brilliancy and power,—condemning incipient secession and CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 39 uttering prophetic warnings to the South if they persisted in going out of the Union. The speech made him a national reputation, winning for him the gratitude of the Northern delegates and commanding the respect of the Southern members. In 1872 the Democratic State convention, held at Cleveland, selected him as a delegate at large to the convention which nominated Horace Greeley. He was made chairman of the Ohio delegation, and on his return entered with his accustomed zeal and spirit into the campaign. In 1874 he accepted the Democratic nomination in the Cleveland District for Congress, and in a district which has always given a large Republican majority he was elected by nearly 2,500 majority. It was at a time when there was expressed, justly or unjustly, much public indignation torching financial scandals in Congressional and official service, and in his speech accepting the nomination he was moved to say: "If elected, and my life is spared to serve out the term, I promise to come back with hand and heart as undefiled and clean as when I left you;" and he kept the faith. He at once took high rank in Congress and was appointed on the committee on Banking and Currency. This was his appropriate field of labor, and his propositions, explanations and arguments in committee commanded the profoundest consideration. The financial bill known as the "Payne Compromise" was doubtless the master work of his Congressional life. The Resumption Act had recently passed, and all the Western Democrats had been elected with the understanding that it should be repealed. The Eastern Democrats were in favor of cast-iron resumption. The bitterest feeling sprang up between the two factions, and a split upon the currency question seemed imminent. Payne had always been faithful to his convictions as a Democrat, but "soft" money was not a portion of his creed. The extreme " hards " wanted to abolish paper currency: the extreme "lofts" wanted to wipe out the banks. There were some forty propositions pending. Payne then presented his plan. He proposed to retain both the banks and their currency and the greenbacks, but was in favor of the Government making the paper money as good as gold. He proposed that the banks and the Government should bear the burdens of resumption by returning twenty per cent. of the paper each had in circulation, thus reducing the volume of the paper, and paving the way for a natural resumption. His plan met with decided opposition from both factions, but he calmly reasoned with his opponents until he made many converts among thinking men, both statesmen and bankers. The Payne plan was adopted by a Democratic caucus, after nearly three months of discussion, and reported to the House by Mr. Payne. Senator Bayard gracefully yielded to Mr. Payne's views, saying to him, "I have made a careful examination of your proposition and find there is no sacrifice of principle in it. It is an adjustment of some financial principles to a strained condition of affairs." Mr. Seligman, the eminent New York banker, said, "The principles of Payne's compromise if enacted into law would prove a solution of our complicated system, and give us a safer currency than England. It made no war on banks, but it recognized them as a safe medium for handling the currency, and increasing and decreasing the volume of currency, according to the needs of trade, and removed it from the domain of politicians, too many of whom knew but little about the financial affairs of the country." He was chairman of the House Conference Committee on the Electoral vote, a strong advocate of the Electoral Commission bill, and a member of the Commission himself. His record through all that exciting period is creditable to him in the highest degree, both as a representative Democrat and a statesman. From the disruption of the Charleston convention Mr. Payne was conscious that an attempt would be made to separate the States, and it was in his first public utterance thereafter, and before the first act of secession, that he replied to the hostile sentiments expressed 40 - C UYAHOGA COUNTY. by a Southern gentleman, declaring that "the Union had a mortgage upon every dollar that he owned for its preservation." In the gloomy days of 1862 he united with other citizens in a guarantee to the county treasurer against loss by advancing $50,000 for military necessities, trusting to a future legislature to sanction such advances. During the reverses of the Union army early in the war, when the President called for 500,000 volunteers, Governor Tod appealed to him for his influence in aiding to meet that call. He reported with alacrity, stumping the State, encouraging enlistments, raising funds, and preaching the salvation of the Union. Mr. Payne's name was presented as a candidate for the Presidency before the national Democratic convention held in Cincinnati in 1880. Ohio had instructed her delegates to • vote for Thurman, which they felt obligated to do unless released by him. Although Mr. Payne did not receive a single vote from his own State, he, nevertheless, was the third highest in the list on the first ballot, which stood: Hancock 171; Bayard 153; Payne 81, the remainder of 738 being widely scattered. At this juncture, if Mr. Payne could have received the Ohio vote, to which, as her leading candidate, he seemed fairly entitled, he could have been nominated, but the delegation being unable to get released from their instructions, Mr. Payne promptly requested the withdrawal of his own name. In 1885 Mr. Payne was elected United States Senator for the term of six years, ending in 1892, being the first Democrat ever elected from the northern half of the State. It was an unsought and gratuitous gift of the Legislature, and of the party with which he had been for a lifetime recognized as one of its most brilliant leaders—and a graceful climax of an honorable life. Mr. Payne's family relations have been fortunate and happy. His wife, a few years his junior, is still by his side. They have had five children, but sadly three times the family circle has been broken, first in the death of the youngest, and then of the eldest son; and lastly in the death of Mrs. W. C. Whitney, of New York. The survivors are Colonel Oliver H. Payne, of New York, and Mrs. Bingham, of Cleveland. REV. J. H. C. ROENTGEN, D. D., pastor of the First Reformed Church, which was the first German church on the West Side in Cleveland, Ohio, was born in Elberfeld, Rhein Province, Prussia; Germany, June 19, 1844. His parents were Ferdinand and Henrietta (Huesser) Roentgen. The mother died in Germany in 1860, aged fifty-two years. The father, a cigar manufacturer, came to America with his family in 1872. They stopped at Sheboygan, Wisconsin, where they remained some two years, removing thence to La Crosse, Wisconsin, in 1874. Here the father died in 1882, aged seventy-six years. Both father and mother were life-long members of the Reformed Church. Rev. Dr. Roentgen is the third in a family of five children, three of whom died in early life. A younger sister, the wife of Rev. Julius Grauel, resides at Olney, Illinois, where her husband has a charge. She and Dr. Roentgen are the only surviving members of their family. Dr. Roentgen was educated in Europe and came to this country with his father. Here he studied theology at Franklin, Sheboygan county, Wisconsin, graduating in 1874, and was ordained by the Sheboygan Classis of the Reformed Church in the United States, October 11, 1874. He took his first charge, a mission at La Crosse, Wisconsin, October 18, 1874. Here he labored effectively, erecting a building for the parochial school, and so wisely directing his efforts that when he left in. December, 1882, what had been a mission was a self-sustaining church of nearly 200 members. From La Crosse Dr. Roentgen 'came to Cleveland, January 8, 1883, to become pastor of the First Reformed Church, which he CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 41 has served ever since. This church was organized in 1848. When he came the membership numbered between three and four hundred; it now numbers between four and five hundred. The Sabbath-school has over 250 members. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon Rev. Dr. Roentgen in June, 1892, while a teacher in Calvin College, by the Franklin and Marshall College, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, the oldest and greatest college of his church, and he taught in Calvin College from 1885 to 1892 preaching in his church at the same time. He was married December 15, 1874, to Miss Maria Louisa Frederica Walther, daughter of Carl and Louisa Walther, natives of Germany and residents of Sheboygan, Wisconsin. Dr. and Mrs. Roentgen have had four children, viz.: Louisa, deceased at nine years; Henry, Dorothea and Arthur. The Doctor's only cousin is Dr. W. Roentgen, a professor in the University of Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, Germany. Dr. Roentgen is a scholarly man, of good personal appearance, strong mentally, quick in perception and active. He holds a prominent and important place in the church of his choice, and is in the prime of a vigorous and useful manhood. He is in rugged health and gives promise of many years of active usefulness to his church and to the community wherever his lot may be cast. FATHER W. KOERNER, rector of St. Procop's Catholic Church, was born in Bohemia, August 31, 1859. His parents were Charles and Theresa Koerner, both of whom are deceased. W. Koerner was educated in his native town, Wittingau, and also in Budweis, and in St. Francis Seminary in Milwaukee, where he completed his theological course in 1883, and was ordained priest February 16, that year, by Archbishop Patrick Feehan, of the Chicago Diocese. His first work was in St. Procop's Church, Chicago, where he served as assistant priest for fifteen months. From there he went to Detroit, where he labored- as pastor of the St. Wenceslaus Church, built the schoolhouse and renovated the church building at an expense of many thousand dollars. He remained there over five years, then went to Kellnersville, Wisconsin, where he served nearly four years as Bohemian missionary, and renewed the interior of the church, ordering all the equipments from Cleveland. His next field of labor was Muscota, Wisconsin, a few months, coming thence to Cleveland, August 22, 1893, to take charge of his present work. He has about 450 families under his care. The school numbers about 465 children, with six rooms and six teachers. Everything is in excellent working order. REV. FRANK OPPERMAN, pastor of the United Evangelical Church in Cleveland known as "Friedens Kirche," was born in Germany, April 18,1863. His parents were John and Cecilia Opperman. His father, a minister, died in Germany, in 1863, at about fifty years of age, and his mother still lives in her native land (Germany), aged sixty-eight years. Of their children, John, born December 4, 1861, and still residing in Germany, and the subject of this sketch, are the only ones living. Both the grandfathers also were ministers. Rev. Frank Opperman graduated at Wernigerode, in Germany, in 1881, and studied theology at Berlin. He served in the army one year the time required of professional men in Germany—and came to America in January, 1886. Here he studied in the seminary of the Evangelical Synod at St. Louis, Missouri, completing the course in 1887. He then returned to Germany and studied theology. In October, 1888, he retnrned to America and was appointed minister at Strasburg, Tuscarawas county, Ohio, remaining until April, 1891, when he came to his present congregation. His congregation 42 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. has seventy-five regular members, and about thirty irregular; Sabbath.school, 150 children, with twenty-one teachers. Mr. Opperman was married February 12, 1889, in Germany, to Miss Mary Wiedfeldt, daughter of Rev. Emil and Elizabeth Wiedfeldt. Her father is a minister of the United Evangelical Church in Germany; was educated in the University of Halle, Germany, and labored as a minister for about twelve years in Salzwedel and Estedt sixteen years, in which latter place he still remains. His father-in-law, Charles Wildberg, was a minister in the same place twenty-five years. Rev. Emil Wiedfeldt and his wife, Elizabeth, had four children,—Mrs. Opperman, Charles Martin, Emanuel and Elizabeth,—all living at home except Mrs. Opperman. The boys are attending the gymnasium. The subject of this brief notice is a man young in years for the responsible positions he has held and is still holding;-but he is scholarly, pleasant and easy in address, and is growing rapidly in favor with all good people. His wife is a cultured, attractive lady and a wonderful helper in the arduous duties of a minister's wife. They have one child, Elsa by name. REV. MARTIN LAUER, deceased, late senior agent of the Publishing house of the Evangelical Association at Cleveland, was born in Germany, January 18, 1824. His parents were John Martin and Elizabeth C. (Hausan) Lauer, natives of Germany. His father, a horticulturist, died in Germany. Both the parents were well-to-do, honest Germans, belonging to the national church, and were widely known and highly respected as worthy people. The wife's father, Martin Haman, and his brother, represented the German Government at different times in Holland, and Martin held other positions also under the Government. The subject of this sketch was nine years of age, in 1833, when his father died, at the age of thirty-nine years, and his mother came to America in 1835, bringing her family of four children, namely, Martin, the eldest; Anna Maria, who died and was buried in Cleveland, and was the wife ofholding; butbel, who now lives in Kansas; Elizabeth, wife of Jacob Keller, of St. Paul, Minnesota; and Catherine, who died unmarried in Buffalo, New York. Mr. Lauer was educated in Buffalo, New York, where the family settled, and also in Rochester, same StREV. He began preaching at the age of twenty years, in the forests of New York and the Province of Canada. In 1846 he was ordained by Bishop Seybert, the fifst bishop of the Evangelical Association. In 1847 he was sent to Laba.n, Pennsylvania, which was quite a favorable change from the back woods. Thence he went to New York State, preaching successively in the cities of Buffalo (his old home), Albany, Syracuse and Rochester. He was then made Presiding Elder. He was a member of the Board of Publication of his Church from its organization in 1859 to 1875, and was finally elected editor of the Christliche Botschafter, and came to Cleveland, where he passed the remainder of his life. His election prohibited him from membership in the Board of Publication, owing to a rule that no officer of the Publishing House can be a member of the Board of Publication. In 1879 he was elected senior agent of the Publishing House. He was also President of the Orphans' Home of the Evangelical Association, located at Flat Rock, Seneca county, Ohio, in which institution are sheltered at present about 140 children. It has 300 acres of land, well improved, good brick buildings, furnished with the best modern appliances and improvements and about $70,000 as an endowment fund. Mr. Lauer was also Presidefirst the Missionary Society of his church from 1879, both Home and Labann, until the time of his death. At the last meeting of that society there were representatives from the United States, Canada, Germany, Switzerland and Japan. They have been very successful in their missionary work, especially in Japan. CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 43 The life of Rev. Martin Lauer is a part of the imperishable record of his church's achievements in the various and extended sections of country where he labored. He was admitted to his conference before he had reached his majority. The short stature and massive frame, in symmetric harmony with the fine-cut features, the broad, high forehead, small, brown eyes shining forth under the bushy eye-brows, the classic nose and massive chin, convinced every observer of the great mind he possessed. He was a thinker, and always saw his way clear before he acted. This was true of him as a minister, and he never entered the pulpit without being perfectly conversant with the subject matter of his discourse. In public meetings he would never participate in a discussion unless in possession of such a degree of knowledge of the matter under consideration that he always knew what to say, and as a rule gained his point. His whole appearance, in connection with his acute intelligence and practical way of conducting affairs, recommended him as a competent manager of an extensive business establishment. His quiet but decisive way of expressing his views and his clear judgment inspired confidence and respect. His conversation, cautious disposition and strong mind, his candid manner of action and of accomplishing his work, made him a favorite among the clergy of his church as well as the business world, and the " beloved Father Lauer" among all who knew him. He had studied closely the problem of his early life, and how to make the most and best of it, which showed that he followed a clear and marked line. He considered his relations to be threefold in character, and this involved a threefold responsibility. The first of these three relations, in a manner, embraced also two others; and this was his relation to God. In early life he made a profession of Christianity in the church of his choice, in whose communion he spent all his life. He showed his attachment to his church by a uniform fidelity. His religion was not a mere profession, but personal and practical, and his life purpose and aim was to do what was right and pleasing to God. He had broad views of truth and a high and wide conception of duty. He once said, " New light is ever breaking forth from the Word of God, and that Word liveth and abideth forever: it is an infallible source of truth. The sum of its teaching is, Thou shalt love the Lord thy God with all thy heart, and thy neighbor as thyself.' It is a standard as high as Heaven, and I shall aim to make it the guiding star of my faith and life." The second relation was that which he bore to himself. He regarded his faculties and powers- as something almost apart from himself; that is, he considered them a trust, which God had committed to his keeping for its right and faithful use, for which he was responsible. He formed his plan early in life. He always said, " Certain things are required of me—plain duties." These he aimed to perform. The line of life which he selected was one of strict integrity, and personal business and honor. To these he adhered with fidelity, and by this course was led on the highway of ministerial success. This naturally involved a third relation,—that to his fellow-men. He had learned in his early experience how good a thing it was to have the friendship and sympathy of others, and therefore he always made friends. He always kept an open heart and ready hand, and a pleasant smile to gladden others, and always manifested a lively interest in the good order and moral welfare of the community in which he lived. His devoted wife was for nearly half a century the human comfort and stay of his life. She and all her children belong to the Evangelical Association. Mr. Lauer was married May 16, 1849, to Miss Catherine Schlotzhauer, in the city of Albany, New York, and they had twelve children, five of whom are still living, namely: Herman M., who married Fannie Miller, and is a carpenter contractor of Cleveland; Edward T., who married Christina Phillipe, and is in the paving business; Cornelius A., who married Elizabeth Morman, and is in the insurance business; Clara L., who was married May 16, 1893, to William T. Hudson of Cleveland: 44 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. Mr. Hudson is connected with the Standard Oil Company; and Lydia Paulene, still of the home circle. She is Corresponding Secretary of the largest Young People's Society of Christian Endeavor in Ohio, and a great church worker, a teacher of marked ability. The other children are all deceased, and all died in early childhood, excepting one son, Paul Erasmus, who died in February, 1893, at the age of thirty years. He was a man of mnch promise, possessing good business ability and that enterprising spirit that overcomes all obstacles. After passing through the high school of Cleveland he entered Adelbert College, same city. After graduating at Adelbert he served as principal four years in the Green Springs Academy, in Seneca county, Ohio, where he also married Miss Alice Hesser. He then spent three years in Johns Hopkins University, where he graduated with the degree of Ph. D. He was appointed Supervisor of the Public Schools of Cleveland, but served only a few months when he was taken sick with typhoid fever, from which he died. He was a man of great intellectual force, and well defined and clear-cut views. He exercised a wide influence for good, and his early Christian character will long be remembered by a large circle of friends and acquaintances. His early death was sadly mourned and his ripe Christian character made a lasting impression upon his friends. Rev. Martin Lauer was taken sick about the middle of December, 1893, and after a two-weeks illness departed this life at 8:50 o'clock in the evening of December 30, 1893. W. E. SCHUTT, Superintendent of Mails in the Cleveland (Ohio) post-office, has been identified with the United States mail service since November, 1879. He was born at Avilla, Indiana, March 23, 1857, of Scotch-German extraction. His father, Thomas Schutt, still living at Avilla, is a farmer and was a pioneer to Noble county, being the first to cut a tree from the farm on which he now resides. He was born at Penn Yan, Yates county, New York, March 21, 1817, and emigrated to the Hoosier State in 1844. At that time railroads were unknown in the Western States, and the journey " out West" was made by boat from Buffalo to Toledo, thence on foot the remaining 100 miles through an almost unbroken wilderness. The mother of Mr. Schutt died in 1864, and the subsequent four years of his life were spent with an indulgent grandmother, after which he returned to the farm (the father having re-married), where in addition to attending to the usual duties of a farmer's boy he managed to obtain a liberal academic education, and at the age of seventeen commenced teaching school; this vocation was followed for two years, at the close of which he entered the office of J. M. Teal, D. D. S , at Kendallville, Indiana, where he began the study of dentistry, which was not entirely completed when he was tendered and accepted the position of railway postal clerk, not, however, with the intention of making it a lifework, dentistry being his chosen profession; and during his entire connection with the mail service he has found time to read the current dental literature, and, until assuming charge of his present position, to put into practice any improvements or advanced ideas found therein, the difficult operation known in dental surgery as replantation having been many times successfully performed by him. Having satisfactorily passed the probationary period he was permanently appointed as a railway postal clerk in May, 1880, at a salary of $900 per annum. From this time on he took a greater interest in the service, was successively promoted through all the intermediate grades, and in March, 1886, was appointed clerk in charge between Syracuse, New York, and Cleveland, Ohio. This position was filled with entire satisfaction to the department, as was evidenced by his appointment, May 1, 1891, to the position he now holds. In the spring of 1890, Postmaster General. Wanamaker offered a gold medal to the clerk making the best record in the railway mail ser- CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 45 vice at the close of that year; this was won by Mr. Schutt, in the Ninth Division, his record for the year being as follows: In addition to the duties of clerk in charge, he distributed 1,490,- 944 pieces of mail, with but 128 errors, being an average of 11,648 pieces correct to each error, and was examined on 10,396 postoffices, of which 99.93 per cent were correctly cased, at the rate of 32 per minute, with 680 separations. HON. SAMUEL WILLIAMSON, a shrewd attorney and able financier, died January 14, 1884, at his residence, No. 930 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, nearly seventy-six years of age. He was born March 16, 1808, in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, and was the oldest of the seven children of Samuel and Isabella (McQueen) Williamson. His father removed from Cumberland county to Crawford county in 1800, where he first met his wife. On the 10th of May, 1810, he removed with his family to Cleveland, where in partner. ship with his brother he began the business of tanning and currying, which he continued until his death in September, 1834. He was a man of enterprise and public spirit, liberal in politics and highly esteemed as a citizen. For many years he was Justice of the Peace for Cleveland township and Associate Judge of the Common Pleas Court. His son, whose honored name introduces this personal memoir, was only two years old when he was brought to this city by his parents. On reaching the age of seven years he was sent to the public schools, which he attended till 1826; at that time he entered Jefferson College, in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and graduated in 1829. Returning to Cleveland he entered the office of the late Judge Sherlock J. Andrews, where he read law for two years. In 1832 he was admitted to practice in the Cuyahoga courts and immediately formed a partnership with the late Leonard Case, continuing his professional labors with him until 1834, when Mr. Williamson was elected County Auditor, in which office he remained for the period of eight years, when be resumed the practice of law. In 1843 he married Mary E. Tisdale, of Utica, New York, and died leaving a wife and three sons, namely: Judge Samuel E. Williamson, of Cleveland; George T. Williamson, of Chicago; and Rev. James D. Williamson, of Cleveland. Mr. Williamson continued the practice of law with but slight interruption, in partnership with A. G. Riddle, nntil 1872, when he gave up the arduous labors of his profession and retired from its active pursnit to the enjoyment of a more quiet life. He did not cease to work, however, but gave much of his personal attention to the affairs of the Society for Savings, of which he had been the president for several years. At the time of his death he was the oldest citizen of Cleveland, having lived here since he was two years old, or nearly seventy-four years. He held many responsible positions in this city, besides having directed many large business interests, and he always showed himself capable of discharging every trust confided to his care. During the time he practiced law his mind was not entirely engrossed by professional interests; on the contrary, he was elected to a number of public offices which call for sterling worth and ability, and he discharged all his duties with unvarying fidelity and marked skill. In 1850 he was elected by this county to the 'State Legislature, and in 1859—'60 he was a member and president of the State Board of Equalization. In the fall of 1862 he was elected to the State Senate, where he served two terms. He also rendered valuable service as a member of the City Council and of the Board of Education, being especially conspicuous in the latter body for his activity in promoting improvements in public education. He was a director of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, and was also its vice president at one time, and for many, years its attorney. Several years prior to his death he became president of the Society for Savings, in which position he displayed marked ability as a financier, exhibit- 46 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. ing good judgment, strictest integrity, a keen sense of honor, and a high order of business talent. In many respects Mr. Williamson was a very extraordinary man, for example in the extent of his practical acquirements derived from experience, and in his temperament, character, and persistent fidelity to duty. For seventy-four of the seventy-six years of his life he lived - in Cleveland, which place he saw grow from a mere hamlet of a few hundred souls to a city of great and immense proportions and consequence. He had seen generations come and go until there was rolled up, upon the gronnd that was sal-- rounded by a wilderness in his childhood, a city of over 200,000 inhabitants. He came to the bar with no extraordinary or adventitious circumstances to give eclat or introduce him prominently before the public. He possessed none of those elements of genius and oratory which are sometimes used to attain temporary reputation at least, and elevate men to high positions. His strength consisted in the fact that from the beginning to the end he brought to the discharge of duty, labor, integrity, industry and fidelity to all the great trusts that were imposed upon him through a long life. Whether as a practicing lawyer, a county officer, a legislator, or finally, during the last years of his life, as president of one of the largest institutions in the city, with immense responsibilities to the poor and those of small means, he passed through life without leaving a suspicion upon any man's mind that in the discharge of any of the duties which these places imposed he had not been faithful and honorable to the utmost. His arguments to the court were always happy, often strong, and in the terseness of their language and legal logic, beautiful. The real point was made clear, its decisive character shown and the books and cases that only approach it had no part in his argument. His proper place was upon the bench; his mind was eminently judicial, with a controlling moral bias for the right. The kindest of men, he was the tenderest and most considerate of friends. He was ever earnest, yet not stern or puritanical. Such men as he make more secure the free institutions of this country and gladden the lives of all those with whom they are connected, and their death creates a void which is not always filled. Such material was used in building up American independence. His character and worth, being such, could not but command the highest confidence and esteem of his fellow men. Universal expressions of sorrow and regret at his demise were heard on all sides. As a man he was always courteous and gentlemanly to those with whom he came in contact, and no one knew him but to honor and respect him. He was for many years president of the First Presbyterian Society, and he carried with him into the walks of private life the precepts of Christianity, which were so strongly interwoven with his character. He died full of years, surrounded by the love of troops of friends and possessed of all the honors that should accompany old age, and his good name will long keep a conspicuous place in the memory of the citizens of Cleveland.R REV. FREDERICK von SCHLUEMBACH, pastor of the Independent Evangelical Protestant Church of Schifflein Christi, was born in Germany in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, June 27, 1842. His parents were George and Adelaide (Eggel) von Schlnembach, both natives of Germany, who never came to America. George von Schluembach was a military man, as was also his father, Christopher von Schluembach, who was a Personal Adjutant of King William of Wurtemberg. Our subject's ancestors were made nobles in the sixteenth century by the Emperor of Austria. The son, George, was an officer—a captain in the Fourth Cavalry Regiment of Wurtemberg. In his later years he retired from the Captaincy but served as Adjutant of Prince Frederick of Hohenlohe Oehringen until old CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 47 age disabled him. He died in 1879, aged seventy-eight years. His wife died in 1860, aged sixty. Both were members of the Lutheran Church, good Christian people, devout, orthodox and conservative. Their devout lives and Christian example are an endearing heritage to the family, and to a very large circle of acquaintances. Of their eight children only three daughters and two sons are now living. A brother, Alexander, and a sister, Wilhelmina, are residents of Cleveland. They, with Frederick and William,—the latter of whom died with yellow fever in New Orleans,—are all of the family who came to America. Frederick von Schluembach, the youngest of the above, was educated for military life in the city of Ulm, in Wurtemberg. He entered the German army in 1858, as cadet, and served until 1859, when he left the army and came to Philadelphia. He there worked hard in various positions; at last as clerk in a homeopathic drug-store until the war between the States broke out. He enlisted May 5, 1861, in response to President Lincoln's call for 75,000, in the Twenty-ninth New York Infantry, called the " Astor Regiment" and later the " Steinwehr Regiment," named for Colonel, later General, Steinwehr. Mr. von Schluembach was commissioned First Lieutenant of Company B, and was in the Army of the Potomac, taking part in almost all the leading battles in which that army was engaged. He was disabled in the second battle of Bull Run, was captured on the field and taken to Libby Prison. He was one of the 150 officers that were held by Jefferson Davis until General Butler and President Lincoln stopped all exchange of prisoners until these officers were released. Butler was instrumental in bringing this about. Lieutenant von Schluembach was exchanged soon afterward and returned to Philadelphia. He re-enlisted in Company H, One Hundred and Eighteenth Regiment of Pennsylvania, and served until he was wounded in the battle of the Wilderness under General Grant. He was brought into Alexandria, Virginia, to the hospital, and never went into service again, being discharged May 20, 1865. He remained in Philadelphia until 1866, and then started a grocery store at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania. During this time he was a great Republican politician, a high officer in the Union League of Pennsylvania and stumped the Eastern States for General Grant. In 1868 he moved to Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, and undertook the publication of a German Republican newspaper. Later he became Government mail agent on the Lehigh Valley Road, the printing office having burned out without insurance. In the spring of 1872 our subject was called to the ministry of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and sent to the Pennsylvania Avenue Church of Baltimore, Maryland. He remained there three years, as long as the rules of his church would allow any minister to remain in one place, and during this time he organized the German Bund of Young Men's Christian Association, becoming its General Secretary. In 1875 he was sent by his church as a missionary to Galveston, Texas, and then to Waco, same State, in 1878. In 1879 he was appointed German General Secretary of the International Committee of the Young Men's Christian Association of the United States and Canada, with headquarters at New York city. In 1880 he was called by Mr. Dwight L. Moody to assist him as a German evangelist. He then visited all the prominent cities of the United States, and becoming overworked was sent to Germany by his friends of New York. There he had an operation performed for an abscess caused by exposure in the late war. During his convalescence he was called by Professor Christlieb and Court Chaplain Stoecker to become an evangelist in Germany, and until 1889 he worked as an evangelist in both Germany and America. While an evangelist in Germany Mr. von Schluembach labored among the highest as well as the lowest of the people, being supported by the influence of the Countess Waldersee and also that of Count Bernstorff, the Chamberlain of the late Empress Augusta. In Berlin an d 48 - CUYAHOGA COUNTY. other cities he organized the Young Men's Christian Associations on the American plan, with great success. In 1883 Mr. von Schluembach started a German colony in Texas, where he joined the Evangelical Synod of the United States, which sent him in 1890 to his present church, to rescue the building from the hands of the marshal in the the United States Court of Cleveland. In 1892 the church of Schiffiein Christi became again an independent congregation, and called Mr. von Schluembach for its permanent pastor. The congregation has since increased in membership, and is gradually emerging from its trouble. Mr. Schluembach is a man of broad and enlightened views on all subjects of general importance and is well-informed and ripe in the experience of the world. In person he is of goodly size, strongly built and robust, with the soldier's movement and bearing. He possesses a vigorous intellect, is quick in perceptive faculties and of a genial, kind and gentle disposition. His cyclopedic learning, his capacity for various literary work, his devotion to books, and more than all the sterling elements of large and noble manhood which he possesses, are among the qualities which even a comparative stranger will soon recognize. He is classed among the best and most noted citizens of Cleveland. M. M. HOBART, one of the prominent members of the Cleveland bar, and senior member of the well known law firm of Hobart & Bacon, is a native of the old Bay State, having been born at Amherst, Massachusetts, on March 26, 1846: His parents were Edmund and Esther (Montague) Hobart. His father still resides in Amherst, and has been a prominent man in his locality all his life, having held at different times many positions of honor and trust. The Hobart family originally came from Hingham, England, the first one of the name in America being the Rev. Peter Hobart, who came over in 1632, loeating first in Hingham, Massachusetts, near Boston. He had five sons, and all were ministers of the Congregational Church. Esther Montague, Mr. Hobart's mother, was the daughter of Moses Montague, of Sunderland, Massachusetts. She died in 1851, leaving our subject as an only issue. The Montagues are from the well known English family of that name. His father married again and two sons were born to him by his second wife, one of whom is deceased, and the other, Frank Adams, resides on the family homestead with his father. Mr. Hobart prepared for college at Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Massachusetts, and in the fall of 1868. entered Amherst College, from which he graduated with honor in 1872. In the fall of the same year he entered Columbia Law School in New York city, but soon afterward failing health moved him to suspend his studies for a time and upward of a year was spent in traveling in Europe. In the fall of 1874, however, his law studies were resumed at Columbia Law School, and in May of the following year he graduated. Following his graduation he was admitted to the bar in New York, then in Massachusetts, and later in Ohio. In July, 1875, he located in Cleveland, where he soon succeeded in gaining a good practice. During the years 1877 and 1878 Mr. Hobart was acting City Prosecutor of Cleveland, and in 1880 was appointed by President Hayes as Supervisor of the United States Census for the Sixth District of Ohio. For one term, during the years 1881—'82, he served as clerk to Mayor Herrick and the Board of Improvements. At the municipal election in 1888 he was elected from the Fourteenth ward as a member of the City Council, which body upon its organization chose him as its president. Mr. Hobart has continued the practice of law since 1875, with the exception of the time he served as Mayor's clerk, has met with success, and is now recognized as one of the able members of the bar, with a large clientage and a firm position. The firm of Hobart & Bacon was formed in June, 1887. CUYAHOGA COUNTY - 49 Mr. Hobart is a member of the Masonic fraternity, being a thirty-second-degree Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Masonic Club. Mr. Hobart was married on December 5, 1882, to Miss Peckham, of Lebanon, Connecticut, and they have had two children: Marion Montague, born November 9, 1885; and Harold Peckham, born August 22, 1888. Mrs. Hobart is a highly educated and estimable lady. Through her mother she is closely related to the late Jeremiah Mason, of Boston, the distinguished jurist, and through her father to Erie's hero, Commodore Perry. Her father, James M. Peckham, was one of the most prominent and esteemed citizens of Lebanon, Connecticut. HON. WILLIAM J. WHITE, Member of Congress from the Twentieth Ohio District, is a native of the Dominion of Canada, born in 1850. His early youth was spent on the farm of Benjamin Crafts in Geauga county, Ohio, and for two years he lived in the home of M. B. Crafts, a cousin of the Hon. C. E. Crafts, present Speaker of the House of Representatives of the General Assembly of Illinois. At the age of eighteen years he came from his country home in Geauga county to the city of Cleveland. His boyhood had been of peculiar privation and hardship, and he had been exposed to temptations to which a character of less strength and poise must have yielded. Although deprived of a mother's loving, care in his childhood the principles of truth and honor had been instilled in his nature from his very existence, so that he passed into manhood with an untarnished reputation. His education was obtained by attending the public schools in winters and two terms in an academy. The beginning of his commercial career was in Cleveland, where he began a small business in the sale of confectionery and popcorn. His connection, with the chewing-gum trade dates from the winter of 1871. Going to the establishment of Merriam, Morgan cot Company to purchase paraffine he was refused a less quantity than a case, costing $24. He did not have a sufficient sum, and was obliged to defer the experiments which he purposed making with the wax. In the spring of 1876 he bought a remnant of stock from the assignee of George E. Clark, manufacturer of the " Busy-bee" gum, in order to get the tin prizes to put in popcorn bags. This purchase included the equipment used in the manufacture of gum and a small amount of paraffine. With this Mr. White at once began the experiments he had had so long in contemplation, meeting with great difficulty in removing the gum from the marble slab; but in this, accident, or destiny, favored him; some of the paraffine dropped on a greased slab, hardened quickly and was easily removed. Soon followed Mr. White's first brand of chewing-gum, which was called the " Mammoth." The venture was successful and the demand steadily increased in both the wholesale and retail trade. The first shipment was made to George Schoff, Massillon, Ohio, and consisted of fifty boxes at thirty cents a box. Two years later Mr. White introduced the " Diamond" brand of chewing-gum, which was put upon the market through the confectioners and proved an immense success. Eighty girls were at one time employed in the manufacture of this especial brand; and the sales were enormous. The increase in the business of manufacturing gum necessitated the abandonment of the confectionery trade, and the candy-wagon of Mr. White was given in charge of another person. All went well for a season; then there was a change in the wheel of fortune, and Mr. White was left with a large stock of goods, machinery and $500 in cash, but no further demand for his manufactures. This failure was probably due to mismanagement on the part of jobbers. Mr. White went out on the road, visited Buffalo and Jamestown, where he placed some goods, and also made a shipment of a few cases to Chicago; later he visited Peoria, Burlington, Keo-