(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 50 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND so that he cast an intelligent ballot in support of the principles in which he firmly believed. He never had occasion to regret his determination to seek a home in the new world, for here he found the opportunities which he sought and in their utilization he worked his way steadily upward. Recognizing the fact that "there is no excellence without labor" his persistent energy and activities enabled him to make steady advance in business circles, and thus he left his family in comfortable financial circumstances. To provide a good home for them and surround them with the comforts of life, was his purpose and ambition, and he found his greatest happiness in providing for their welfare. J. C. McWATTERS. In a history of the enterprising business men of Cleveland it is well that mention should b made of J. C. McWatters, not only from the fact that he is a self-made man who has achieved notable and creditable success but also owing to the fact that his labors have been a stimulus in general business activity and the practical value of his opinions concerning vital questions relative to the trade interests of the city has again and again been demonstrated. Mr. McWatters was born in Newtonville, Canada, September 17, 1853, and is of Scotch lineage, his parents, John and Jean (Copeland) McWatters, both being natives of Scotland. The father, a carpenter and contractor, died in Newtonville, Canada, about 1862, while his wife survived him for more than four decades, passing away in Cleveland in October, 1904. J. C. McWatters spent the first ten years of his life in his native village, after which he was a resident of Toronto, Canada, to the age of twenty years. Throughout that period he was employed in a furnishing goods store and during that period successive promotion advanced him to- the position of head clerk. At the age of twenty years he came to Cleveland, entering the employ of Mabley & Hull, dealers in clothing and men's furnishings. He acted as salesman in the boys' clothing department and his efficiency, perseverance and fidelity were manifest in the fact that six years later he became a partner of Mr. Hull under the firm style of E. R. Hull & Company. In 1893 another change in partnership led to the adoption of the firm style of E. R. Hull & Dutton, Mr. McWatters, however, remaining as general manager until ten years ago, when he resigned to establish business on his own account, becoming senior partner of the McWatters-Dolan Company, dealers in clothing and men's furnishings. From the beginning he has been president of the company and the interprise from the outset has proved a profitable undertaking. Business was begun at the present location at Nos. 238-240 Superior avenue, Northeast, when the street was called Little Egypt and was the poorest lighted street in the city. At night there was not a light on the street or in any store window. Mr. McWatters at once began the task of securing street lights and well lighted stores, and after a year's hard work succeeded. Since that time rents have quadrupled and this has become one of the best business locations in the city. Aside from conducting a prosperous and growing mercantile establishment, Mr. McWatters is also interested to some extent in Cleveland.real estate. He is recognized as one of the most enterprising and energetic business men of the city and is a valued member of the Retail Merchants Board and of the Chamber of Commerce, in both of which he has been very active, serving on numerous important committees. On the 9th of July, 1878, Mr. McWatters was married in Wolcott, New York, to Miss Florence E. Russell, a daughter of George H. Russell of that place. They were the parents of seven children, of whom five are living: Laura Winifred, who is the wife of Harry D. James, a wholesale grocer of Cleveland, and has three children, Thomas H., Russell H. and Florence Beatrice ; Florence, J. S. Kirk, Lillian and Robert Alexander, all at home. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 51 Mr. McWatters by no means limits his activity to business affairs or to cooperation in movements relative only to the material progress of the city. In church and social circles he is well known. He was one of the founders of the Trinity Congregational church, was president of its building committee and has been a member of its board of trustees since its organization. He also belongs to the Masonic fraternity and to the Elks and Owls lodges and to the Cleveland Automobile Club, enjoying the social interests offered by club life. Capable of judging life's purposes, contacts and experiences, while he has made a creditable record in commercial circles he is never too busy to be cordial or too cordial to be busy. CHARLES TUDOR WILLIAMS. Charles Tudor Williams, manager of the Cleveland Box Company and one of the most highly esteemed business "men of Cleveland, who during a long and active life has seen the city develop marvelously and the volume of its trade expand to its present proportions, was born here in 1839. He is a son of William Williams, who was born in Connecticut in 1803, and was brought west when he was about ten years old from East Windsor, Connecticut. The father of William was Ebenezer Williams. Growing up William Williams kept a tavern for a short time at Painesville, and then went to Warren, Ohio, where he was clerk and later cashier for the Western Reserve Bank, of which Zalmon Fitch, afterward his father-in-law, was president. Some time later Zalmon Fitch went to Cleveland as president of the Bank of Cleveland and William Williams to Buffalo, where he resided for a time, and then removed to Cleveland. Zalmon Fitch was one of the founders and president of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railroad, which was afterward merged into the Pennsylvania lines. The death of this sturdy, reliable business pioneer occurred in 1860. William Williams married his daughter, Laura Fitch, who was born in 1815, in Warren, Ohio, coming of an old and distinguished family. Her death occurred in 1852. Charles Tudor Williams took a high-school course and then entered the Western Reserve College then located at Hudson, Ohio. Following this he studied medicine in the Cleveland Medical College, finally becoming a tutor in the Western Reserve College. It was while he was acting in this capacity, that the entire college responded to the call for troops, the students in the ranks and the professors commanding. They enlisted for sixty days in the Eighty-fifth Ohio Regiment, Company B, but served nearly four months, making a brilliant record. After leaving the college, Mr. Williams engaged in business with E. L. Day at Kent, Ohio, under the firm name of the Kent Rock Glass Company, and continued this association for twenty years. The business was closed when natural gas was discovered, for, as there was none at Kent, competitors fortunate enough to secure the new fuel, could underbid those without it and dependent upon coal. While looking about for another investment, Mr. Williams went to Cleveland and accepted the chair in Greek in the Cleveland high school, but in 1893 he went to Chicago, where for five years he did a large business in importing foreign sugars and fruits. In 1898 the management of the Cleveland Box Company was offered him, and he returned to this city to discharge its duties. Under his capable and energetic control, the business has been remarkably successful, now extending all over the country. The company manufacture a general line of boxes but have their own special one which has been patented. In addition to other interests, Mr. Williams is a director of the Merchants & Manufacturers Insurance Company, of Janesville, Illinois; is a member of the board of directors of the General Package Company of New York city ; is a stockholder of the Union Casualty Company of Philadelphia ; director of the Lake Superior Construction Company; a stockholder in the New River Coal 52 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Company of McDonald, West Virginia, as well as a number of other concerns of like magnitude. Mr. Williams was married in 1855 to Mary P. Carver, a native of Kent, Ohio, who died in Chicago in 1896, leaving two sons, bath of Chicago : Dr. William Carver Williams and Day Williams. In 1907 Mr. Williams married Marie Carlson, a native of Sweden. Not only has Mr. Williams been so active in business and educational affairs, but he has made his influence felt in social and improvement organizations, being a member of the governing board of the Employers Association Club, president of the Local Box Manufacturing Association Club, a member of the board of directors of the National Box Association of the United States, and interested in several others. He belongs to the Alpha Delta Phi and is a member of the Hoo Hoo Club. While casting his vote for the republican ticket in national matters, his influence is exerted for the best man locally. He and his wife belong to the Swedish Lutheran church of this city. By firm determination and constant painstaking effort Mr. Williams has achieved much during his career as a business man. Unlike many of his associates he is a highly educated man, and demonstrates every day the advantages of a college training. However, his natural bent is such that he would have reached the top even if he had never had the educational advantages he did. He frnds recreation in travel, literature, gardening, fishing and boating, and his fad is flowers. STEWART HENRY CHISHOLM. Stewart Henry Chisholm, a son of Henry and Jean (Allan) Chisholm, was born in Montreal, Canada, December 21, 1846, and the Cleveland public schools afforded him his educational opportunities. When school days were over he entered the employ of the firm of Stone, Chisholm & Jones, and the business in its reorganization became known as the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, while later it became a branch of the United States Steel Company under the name of the American Steel & Wire Company. As time passed Stewart H. Chisholm made steady progress in his connection with that important enterprise and is today one of the most prominent representatives of the steel and iron trade in Cleveland, one of the most important centers of the trade in the country. He served for a number of years as vice president of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company and also was elected to the vice presidency of the American Steel & Wire Company. Capable and resourceful, he was chosen to the presidency of the Chisholm & Moore Manufacturing Company and to the Long Arm System Company, and is a director in numerous important business and banking institutions which are leading features in the commercial, industrial and financial life of this city. Attractive home surroundings and club associations are an indication of the social nature of Mr. Chisholm, whose friends delight in his companionship, which is characterized by unfeigned cordiality. He was married in 1872 to Miss Harriet Kelley, a daughter of George A. and Martha J. (Eastland) Kelley, of Kelleys Island. Twenty-three years passed, and Mrs. Chisholm was called to her final rest in 1895, leaving three sons : Wilson K., a graduate of Yale University of the class of 1898 and now treasurer of the Chisholm & Moore Manufacturing Company ; Clifton, with large ranch interests in New Mexico ; and Douglas, a Yale man of 1909, who is now purchasing agent for the Chisholm & Moore Manufacturing Company. In 1900 Mr. Chisholm was again married, his second union being with Mrs. H. P. Cord, who died in 1901. As a club man Mr. Chisholm is well known in the Union, Country and Roadside Clubs of Cleveland, the New York Yacht Club and the Manhattan Club of New York. His political indorsement is given to the republican party and liberal support to the Euclid ave- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 55 nue Baptist church, in which he holds membership. The leisure which is a manifestation of success, enables him to mdulge his interests in golf, hunting, fishing and yachting. A resident of Cleveland for sixty years, the evidences of his business ability are many, and the salient features of his life record are such as have given him prominence m the highest social circles, so that he is often a familiar figure in those places where the most interesting men of Cleveland gather. EBENEZER HENRY BOURNE. As one reviews the past history and takes cognizance of those who have been the builders of Cleveland and the promoters of her greatness it is at once manifest that Ebenezer Henry Bourne, now deceased, bore an important part in the work of improvement in various lines. His name is mseparably connected with its manufacturing interests, its political activity and its moral development. He left the impress of his individuality for good upon its records in all these lines and his influence was at all times potent, far-reaching and beneficial. A native of Wareham, Plymouth county, Massachusetts, Ebenezer H. Bourne was born on the 22d of October, 1840. A contemporary biographer has given his ancestral record as follows : "He is descended from Richard Bourne, who was born in England. It is not quite certain as to the date of the latter's arrival in this country but he is on record as an inhabitant of Scituate as early as 1630. Possibly he may have been at Plymouth earlier than this, but in 1637, the year following, he moved into Barnstable county, settling at Sandwich, coming there with Edward Freeman and others, and was one of the original settlers of that town and in the first circumstantial account of the first church established there, he is recorded as one of the eleven male members. The town was incorporated in 1639 and was in that year represented in general court by Richard Bourne and John Vincent. In 1650 he was granted a levy, 'in consideration of his labor and pains he bath taken in business concerning the town, as in selling the lands to satisfy the committee.' Richard Bourne is deserving of more than passing mention, for he was one of the most useful men in the colony and filled many high and important positions, whose life and history are of deep interest to the reader of men and events and whose name bears a luster and fragrance after the lapse of more than two and a half centuries. He was associated with John Elliott, the great apostle to the Indians, John Cotton, and others and was the first teacher among the Mashpee Indians. Elliott was born in 16o3 and established a church among the aborigines at Natick in 1646 and it is said that his example and influence were suggestive of the work in which Mr. Bourne finally engaged with so much zeal. The latter being possessed of large property brought with him in cash from England at his first coming over, he was enabled to make valuable investments in land that secured to his children a rich inheritance. He was also a man of learning and from the first took high rank in the colony. His interest in the Indians seemed to know no bounds and so much public attention had his labors attracted that in 1666 Governor Price, Thomas Southworth, Thomas Cushman and others went to Sandwich, for the purpose of an interview with him, that they might judge for themselves of the progress he was making and of the character of the work he was doing. This interview created not only the greatest respect and admiration on their part for Mr. Bourne, but also satisfied them that the Indian was susceptible of spiritual and mental improvement, both of which many had professed to doubt. There were other reasons for his success ; one was 'that his life and conduct was most exemplary, thereby securing the respect and confidence of the natives' and the other one was 'that he procured for them certain lands for their own.' In 1658 he assisted in the settlement of a boundary between the Indians and proprietors of Barnstable at Mashpee and obtained, at considerable expense to himself, the patent for the South Sea Indians, as they were styled in the deeds of that time, He 56 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND considered it entirely useless, to undertake the propogation of Christianity of any people without a home where they might remain upon their own soil and where permanent future interests should hang and dwell. This view of the case, time and experience have abundantly justified his excellent judgment and careful, wise planning and sowing did not end in simply having Indian deeds duly authenticated but his second son, carrying out the views and intentions of his father, after the latter's decease, produced a ratification by the court at Plymouth of the Mashpee grant to the Indians and their children forever and in this confirmation he caused the judicious provision to be inserted that no conveyance from the Indians to the English should be valid without the consent of all the Indians even though the general court might consent. And thus it is that, because of this just and humane provision, the Mashpee Indians still hold the lands of their fathers. After a number of years of active and successful work, in 1670 he was ordained pastor of an Indian church. Ordination services were performed by the famous Elliott, Mr. Cotton and other eminent ministers assisting. There were likewise many celebrities of the colony present, among them Governor Wmslow and Mr. Southworth. He was twice married, first to Miss Hallet and second to one of the Winslow family. His knowledge of the Indian language was of the utmost value and gave to the Indians great confidence and when a general plan was formed to slay all the settlers his influence saved the colony and his services were worth more than an army. He died in 1682, mourned and missed by the white man, and missed' and mourned by the red man. Many of his descendants have also been prominent and have kept bright the family name—among them the second son, above referred to, the steady patron and director of the Indians and who succeeded him in his Mashpee inheritance and in his offices. The latter's son, Ezra, was president of the court of sessions and the first justice of the court of common pleas in his county. Another descendant, Sylvanus, was long engaged in commerce and amassed great wealth as a merchant. He was also a register of probate and afterwards judge. He was born in 1695, died in 1782, leaving a wife, Mercy Gorham, who, in her will mentioned her husband's 'silver-hilted sword,' his grandfather's 'large silver tankard,' much other plate and the coatof-arms. Another Sylvanus, son of Melatiah, born in 1722, was a captain and consul at Amsterdam. Dr. Richard, born in 1739, brother of the last named, was the first appointed postmaster at Barnstable, which office he held till the close of his life. He was a man much beloved, of the strictest integrity and his accounts with the government balanced to a penny." Sylvanus Bourne, the father of E. H. Bourne, was a native of Wareham, Massachusetts, and was widely known m that section of the country, especially in connection with the operation and management of railway interests. He was at one time civil engineer of the Cape Cod Railway and through successive promotions became manager, superintendent and treasurer of the company. He wedded Miss Hannah Smith, also a native of Wareham, her father being extensively and successfully engaged in ship-building and widely known as an influential citizen. At the usual age Ebenezer H. Bourne entered the public schools of Wareham, there pursuing his studies until he was sent to Pierce Academy at Middleboro, Massachusetts, when thirteen years of age. There he devoted three years to study in preparation for a college course but trouble with his eyes compelled him to put aside his text-books and abandon for a time as he thought, his contemplated college course. It proved, however, that he was never again to resume his interrupted course and although this seemed to him a great hardship at times, like many of the difficulties of life, it turned out to be a blessing in disguise. No longer able to study Mr. Bourne turned his attention to business, and the utilization of the chances which he sought and found brought him to a prominent position in the business world.. He made his initial step toward HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 57 prosperity is an employe of the Cape Cod, afterward the Old Colony Railroad, with which he was connected for ten years, his ability gaining him promotion from time to time until he became assistant treasurer of the road, occupying that position during the latter years of his service. The west, however, with its many natural resources and its constantly expanding opportunities, seemed to call him and at the age of twenty-six years, in 1866, he arrived in Cleveland, where he organized the Bourne, Damon & Knowles Manufacturing Company, for the manufacture of washers, nuts and similar devices, this being the first enterprise of the kind in northern Ohio. It met a need in industrial circles and immediate success attended the efforts of the proprietors, who engaged in manufacturing everything in their line, their output including equipment in their special field for large vessels, gigantic bridges or the most delicate and intricate musical instruments. When Mr. Damon sold out ,in 1871 the firm continued as Bourne & Knowles and in 1881 the business was reorganized as a stock company under the name, Bourne & Knowles Manufacturing Company. Along the legitimate lines of trade the business has been expanded, its sales increasing by reason of the worth of the output and the reliability of the house in all trade transactions. In course of time there was not a town of any considerable size in the United States that did not handle their product and everywhere they gave thorough satisfaction. On the formation of the stock company Mr. Bourne was elected president and was also the chief executive officer of the Cleveland Spring Company, which was founded in 1868 and employed more than one hundred skilled workmen, its products being also sold throughout America and in many foreign lands. The company manufactured carriage, wagon, car and seat springs, and the extent of their business was indicated by the fact that theirs was one of the largest plants of the kind in the entire country. Mr. Bourne became also widely known as a prominent factor in financial circles, being chosen cashier of the Union National Bank of Cleveland when it was organized in 1884 with a capital stock of one hundred thousand dollars. He was also made one of its directors and remained in official connection therewith until his demise, serving for some time prior to his death as its president. The wisdom of his judgment was again and again demonstrated in the successful outcome of interests with which he was associated and the most envious could not grudge him his prosperity so honorably was it won and so worthily was it used. On the 9th of October, 1861, Mr. Bourne was united in marriage to Miss Olivia H. Norris, a daughter of Captain John Norris, of Hyannis, Massachusetts. Unto them were born four children. He was again married at Brighton, Massachusetts, October 22, 19o2, his second union being with Lucy Oliver Thacher, a daughter of Captain Oliver Thacher, of Yarmouth, Massachusetts. He died of paralysis on the 24th of April, 1908, after an illness of three days, and was laid to rest in Lakeview cemetery. Mr. Bourne was devoted to the welfare of his family, counting no personal sacrifice too great if it would enhance the welfare and interests of the members of his own household. His interests were always on the side of those things which promote intellectual, esthetic and moral culture. He attended the services of the Unitarian church and was a member of the Society of the Unity, a literary and social institution of much merit. He was also a member of the Union, Euclid and Country Clubs. His political allegiance was unfalteringly given to the republican party and his citizenship was characterized by a stalwart championship of the measures and movements which he deemed indispensable in promoting good government. In 1888 he was appointed city treasurer of Cleveland to fill out an unexpired term and in 1889 was called to the office by popular suffrage for a term of two years. His commercial and official integrity none questioned and all delighted to honor him because he was worthy of the unqualified respect and good-will of his associates. For some time he was the president of the National Association of Spring Manufacturers of the United States and he was ever willing 58 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND to give to trade relations the benefit of his broad experience and sound judgment. While forced to abandon his idea of a college education there were few college-bred men better informed on the general interests and questions of the day whose views of life were saner and whose efforts were of a more practical or far-reaching benefit to their fellowmen. At all times he displayed a spirit that prompted him to extend a helping hand to those in need of assistance. He believed that there is good in all men and this belief served to encourage and stimulate valuable qualities in others. While there was nothing further from his thoughts than posing as an example, nevertheless his life work in all of its honorable activities and far-reaching results constitutes a pattern which may well be followed by those who desire their lives to count for the utmost as factors in the world's progress and uplifting. CHARLES A. OTIS. Charles A. Otis, proprietor and publisher of the Cleveland News, and senior member of the firm of Otis & Hough, is of the third generation of one of Cleveland's prominent families and one that has for more than three-quarters of a century taken an active part in the affairs of this city. A grandson of William A. Otis and a son of Charles A. Otis, both of whom are represented elsewhere in this work, he was born in Cleveland, July 9, 1868. His education was gained at Brook's Military School in Cleveland, the Phillips Exeter Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, and Yale University, from which institution he was graduated in 1890 ,with the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. A course at Columbia Law School, in New York city, concluded his educational training. Going west at the behest of his father, who wished him to learn something of the country and of life outside of cities, Charles A. Otis was engaged in the cattle business in Colorado for three years. His ranching experience brought him a practical knowledge of the life and customs followed by the cattlemen of that* time. It involved rising before daylight and working until dark. At times the work was riding, roping; at others it took the form of pitching hay, four or five tons daily, from carefully loaded stacks, to the winter famished cattle. It was a strenuous life but it had its compensations. It developed a physique and brought health that could perhaps have been attained in no other way, and it established habits of industry and tastes for outdoor sports and country life, together with an interest in animate nature that has constituted a source of pleasure ever since. Returning to Cleveland in 1895, Mr. Otis organized, in connection with Addison H. Hough and others, the firm of Otis, Hough & Company, brokers in iron and steel. In 1898 the firm of Otis & Hough, bankers and brokers, was organized, with memberships in the New York and Chicago Stock Exchanges and the Chicago Board of Trade. Not long afterward the Cleveland Stock Exchange was organized, of which organization this firm was one of the prime movers. The business of Otis & Hough is one of the most prominent in their line in the west and the firm has a clientage covering almost the entire country. They deal extensively in municipal bonds and other investment securities, in addition to executing the business of their clients on the stock exchanges of New York, Chicago, Cleveland and other large cities. By no means restricting his activities to finance. Mr. Otis has been closely identified with Cleveland's industrial development, assuming many and varied commercial interests. He has been concerned in the steel industry as senior member of Otis, Bonnell & Company, while real-estate circles know him as secretary and treasurer of the Lenox Realty Company, vice president of the Tavistock Building Company and director of the Cuyahoga Company. He is connected with a number of directorates in banking and industrial circles, including the advisory board of the Citizens Savings & HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 61 Trust Company, director of the National Commercial Bank, the Standard Sewing Machine Company, the Bankers Surety Company, the American Lumber Company and a number of others. Mr. Otis further widened his business interests by accepting, in January, 1910, the presidency of the Cuyahoga Telephone Company, at the request of J. Pierpont Morgan who, shortly prior to that time, had purchased the controlling interest in the company: Mr. Otis has for years been interested in the independent telephone movement in the middle west. Though interested in the publishing business for some years as president of the Finance Publishing Company, it was not until 1905 that ,he entered the daily newspaper field as proprietor and publisher. In that year he purchased the Cleveland World, an evening paper of long standing, and soon consolidated with it the News and Herald, evening edition of the Cleveland Leader, and the Evening Plain Dealer. The Cleveland News, as the combined papers were called, is the only afternoon paper in the city having membership in the Associated Press. Though independent in politics, it has been active in city affairs and in the fall of 19̊9 achieved a notable journalistic feat in accomplishing, practically lone- handed, the defeat of the city administration which it had opposed for four years. Mr. Otis married Miss Lucia R., a daughter of the late Colonel William Edwards, mention of whom is made elsewhere in this work, and they have two children, William Edwards and Lucia Eliza. His town residence is at 3436 Euclid avenue, but his preferred home is Tannenbaum Farm, his big country place near Willoughby, Ohio. His interests include the breeding of fine cattle, chickens, etc., at Tannenbaum and elsewhere. He has been a prominent amateur reinsman, being a director of the Gentlemen's Driving Club and one of the organizers of the Forest City Fair & Live Stock Association. He is known as a breeder of smaller stock and is an officer of the Cleveland Fanciers Club. He has been active among Yale alumni and has been honored by their organization in the west. In philanthropy his principal connection is with the Babies Dispensary and Hospital, a charity which he was instrumental in founding and of which he is president. For some years he maintained on his Willoughby estate a summer camp for newsboys which attracted much attention among philanthropists. Among other memberships to be credited to Mr. Otis may be mentioned the Union, Tavern, Hermit, Roadside, Euclid, Country, Cleveland Athletic, and Cleveland Automobile Clubs, University and Mayfield Clubs, and in New York the Lambs, University and St. Anthony Clubs. HUMPHREY F. FULTON. Humphrey F. Fulton, who as president and treasurer of The Investment Company of Cleveland has been very active in promoting various mines and is one of the substantial men of the city, was born in Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, on a farm, January 15, 1863, being a son of Robert and Mary (McClary) Fulton. The father was born February 22, 1822, in Pennsylvania and always lived in that state, where he passed away in 1893. He was connected with the lumber and building interests of his locality and was a man well known for his republican principles. Prior to the formation of the republican party he was a whig. His wife was born in the Keystone state in 1827 and died there in 1865, and she came from the well known Momeyer family of York, Pennsylvania, on the maternal side of the house. The famous Robert Fulton was a first cousin of our subject's great-grandfather. The boyhood days of Humphrey F. Fulton passed as those of most lads of his time, although he secured a better education than many, attending the public school and the local academy. It was his intention to go to college, but he decided upon entering a business career immediately and for three years conducted a lumber yard in Pittsburg. In 1889 he, recognizing the superior 62 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND opportunities offered by Cleveland for his line of operations, came here and promoted a corporation which was from 1889 to 1896 under his management. In the latter year he sold his interests and embarked extensively in a real-estate business and did some building until 1905, when he closed up his affairs and in the following year organized his present company with himself as president and treasurer. The property and operations of the company are confined to Montana, where they have large holdings. In 1878 Mr. Fulton married Elizabeth Boyd, who was also a native of Pennsylvania. They became the parents of seven children, as follows : Mrs. Alta Swander, born in 1880, lives in New York ; Mrs. Dell Cannon, born in 1883, lives in Twin Falls, Idaho; and Jean, born in 1886, and Jessie, born in 1888, Helen, born in 19o2, H. F., Jr., born in 1906, and Mildred, born in 1908, are all at home. Mr. Fulton, like his father, is strong in his advocacy of the principles of the republican party. He is a keen, shrewd business man and splendid organizer. During his connection with his present company he has become an expert on mining and has carried through to successful termination a number of large deals. While he is able to judge quickly and to act accordingly, Mr. Fulton is careful of the interests of his stockholders and is considered a safe, sound man and one worthy of all confidence. FRANK A. EDMONDS. In the list of those far-seeing and progressive business men to whom the city of Cleveland owes so much of its prosperity, the name of Frank A. Edmonds stands well toward the top. After a long, honorable and successful career as business man and capitalist, Mr. Edmonds is now president and treasurer of the Edmonds Elevator Company which owes so much to his fostering care and brilliancy of executive ability. He has constantly contributed toward the well being of his city while exerting himself in his individual enterprises and his capital has been used to build up a mighty concern that gives employment to many and adds to the general prosperity of the community. Mr. Edmonds was born in this city in 1851, a son of Andrew J. and Sarah J. (Truscott) Edmonds. His father was born in Ashtabula, Ohio, and grew up in his native state to be a useful and representative citizen. He was a carpenter by trade. During the Civil war he served his country as a private, and gave his life to the cause, dying at the hospital in Springfield, Illinois, in 1865. His wife, who was also born in Ohio, passed away in 1872. The career of Mr. Edmonds shows many changes in work and degrees of success, but all his operations were marked by a steady appreciation of the dignity of labor and a comprehension of the power of accomplished results. After a common-school course he learned the carpenter's trade, and then that of ship-building, working at the latter for six or seven years. About 1874 he branched out in a different direction, engaging in the building of passenger and freight elevators and doing a general millwright business. For ten or twelve years he was satisfied with results but then entered the employ of the Falker Manufacturing Company and for three years set up engines for them and did similar work, but he began to realize that he was better fitted for the elevator business and so returned to it. About 1896 he beeamc a stockholder of the O'Donnell & Baer Company and remained with this concern for three or four years, when it failed. Mr. Edmonds was so well acquainted with every detail that he felt that he could rehabilitate the business, and so taking two of the former employes into partnership with him, he reorganized the company. This association continued for a year, when he bought out the interests of his partners and continued to operate the business by himself until 1906, when he HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 63 incorporated it as the Edmonds Elevator Company with his son as a stockholder and official, and himself as president and treasurer. This is one of the business houses of Cleveland which has grown steadily. There have been no sudden changes since Mr. Edmonds assumed control and there never will be because it is against his policy. He has built up a trade that extends all over the United States and has made his house known for quality and honorable methods. He is also connected with the Harris Ring Fence Company. In 1871 Mr. Edmonds married Maggie L. Fortier, who was a native of Prescott, Canada, by whom he had two children, namely : Robert A., who is vice president of the company ; and Harry Howard, who is also associated with his father. Mrs. Edmonds died in 1878 and in 1886 Mr. Edmonds was united in marriage to Miss Mattie Laura King, who was born in Urbana, Ohio, and to them have been born two children: Blanch and Ralph Worthington, who are at home. Mr. Edmonds is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner, belonging also to the Sons of Veterans and Foresters. He is captain of the Uniform Rank of Sons of Veterans. His political views make him a stanch republican. He is fully equipped to hold the place in the business world that he has won entirely through his own exertions and to ably manage his large interests, possessing as he does courage and perseverance-the prime factors in the making of a successful man. WILLIAM H. HUNT. William H. Hunt, president of the Cleveland Life Insurance Company, one of the notably successful insurance companies of the middle west, is a striking example of a self-made, successful American. He has been for many years prominent in business, civic and social affairs, and is one of Cleveland's most representative citizens. William H. Hunt was born at Warren, Ohio, January 20, 1868, a son of William B. Hunt, of English ancestry, and of Rebecca Myers Hunt, of Dutch ancestry. Mr. Hunt attended the public schools of Warren and Akron, Ohio. He entered the First National Bank of Akron when twelve years of age and there remained for eleven years. In 1889, at the age of twenty-one, he was made secretary of the old Akron Gas Company. In 1890 he became general manager and secretary of the American Alumina Company, a corporation with a capital of five hundred thousand dollars, and shortly thereafter assumed in connection therewith the position of secretary and treasurer of the Akron Vitrified Press Brick Company. While a resident of Akron he was interested in many enterprises and successful in all of his undertakings. Notwithstanding Mr. Hunt's natural inclination for the banking business, he assumed the general management of the brick company in 1893 as his chief occupation. This company shortly afterward became a part of the Hydraulic Press Brick Company, which subsequently developed into a ten million dollar corporation, the largest concern of its kind in the world. He became vice president and manager, which position he held until June 1, 1909, when he resigned to accept the presidency of the Cleveland Life Insurance Company. The latter company was organized some two years ago, its board of directors being composed of some of the most successful business men of northern Ohio. Having the utmost confidence of the stockholders, great strides are predicted and the company will take its place as one of the big life insurance companies of the country under its present administration. Mr. Hunt is one of Cleveland's most philanthropic citizens, giving freely of both time and money towards work of this character. He is a trustee of the Hiram House and takes great interest in settlement and social work. With his intimate associate, F. F. Prentiss, he was one of the principal organizers of St. 64 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Luke's Hospital, one of the most up-to-date and complete hospitals of the United States, and he is treasurer and one of the trustees. He is now president of the Society for Promoting the Interests of the Blind in Cleveland. He is also a trustee of the Workingman's Collateral Loan Society, an institution which has been a great help to the poor of the city. He is likewise a life member of the Associated Charities. His practical philanthropy has been spread in all directions and always where it will do the most good. He was for four years president of the Cleveland Builders Exchange, an institution which is stamped with his genius for organizing ability. He has always been foremost in developing and advanc- ing civic art and his refining influence has assisted largely in beautifying his home city. He was one of the organizers of the Civic Federation, of which he is also vice president. His name is known to clay workers throughout the country, for he has served as president of the National Brick Manufacturers' Association, and is at the present time president of the Ohio Face Brick Manufacturers' Association. Mr. Hunt is president of The Hunt, Queisser, Bliss Company of Cleveland, Ohio, one of the largest dealers in builders' supplies and specialties in the middle west. He has been an active member of the board of directors of the Chamber of Commerce and is a member of the leading clubs of the city, which include the Union, Rowfant, Euclid, Athletic, Mayfield Country and Tippecanoe Clubs. Mr. Hunt is known by all his acquaintances as a prodigious worker, yet carries his many interests with characteristic equanimity. His natural optimism is always in evidence and his cheerful and hopeful disposition is appreciated by associates in the various organizations with which he is identified. Few men active in business have traveled as extensively as Mr. Hunt. He has visited all parts of the world and his collection of curios is extensive. He has one of the largest private collections of photographs in the country, comprising many thousand art and architectural subjects from Oriental and European countries. JAY E. LATIMER. In these days of rapid discovery, development and expansion along electrical lines an almost limitless field of business has been opened out, and many a substantial competency has been won by those whose foresight has enabled them to realize the value of the opportunities thus presented. Of this number is Jay E. Latimer, who was born in Cleveland in 1863. He is now identified with various corporate and business interests, figuring prominently in real-estate circles as well as in connection with the electric-light and power enterprise. He was reared. in this city and after completing his education in the public schools turned his attention to the real-estate business, in which he formed a partnership in 1887 with W. M. Southern, under the firm style of Southern & Latimer. This association was maintained until 1892, when the junior partner sold out and became interested in electric railways. He became a pioneer in that field of operation in northern Ohio and was the promoter and builder of the Cleveland and Chagrin Falls electric line. In 1895 he promoted and built the Columbus, Delaware and Marion electric line, also the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula electric railway. His achievement in this field further extended to the development and construction of the Buffalo, Dunkirk & Western electric railway in 1902. In 1905 he became interested in electric lighting and power and is now president of the United Light & Power Company and president of the Commercial Electric Company, owning and controlling electric plants at Painesville, Fairport, Madison and Geneva, Ohio. He is also the vice president of the Terminal Land Company and president of the Fireproof Storage Company with warehouse at 5700 Euclid avenue. This is the first of the kind in this city and also the largest. Finding still further scope for his energies, Mr. Latimer became the promoter and or- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 67 ganizer of the Cleveland Mausoleum Company, thus instituting new methods of putting away the dead through a public compartment system. The company is now engaged in the construction of its first building in Brooklyn Heights cemetery and has already received large engagements, so that the business promises to be a profitable one. In numerous other corporations Mr. Latimer is a stockholder and director; for his business judgment is regarded as sound and reliable. He is preeminently a man of affairs and one who has wielded a wide influence. His theories are ever of a practical character, and his carefully formulated plans are easily executed with results that prove their worth. In 1889 Mr. Latimer was married to Miss Jennie C. Weidner, of this city, and they have three children : Ruth, a graduate of the Central high school; and Helen and Jay, who are students of the grammar school. Mr. Latimer belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club, and also to the Gentlemen's Driving Club, associations which indicate the nature of his interests and recreation. He has a wide acquaintance in this city, where he has always lived, and the fact that many of his stanchest friends are those who have known him from his youth to the present is an indication that- his life has ever been an honorable and upright one. FRANCIS M. CHANDLER. Attorney at law, Cleveland, Ohio. Born May 3rd, 1851, at Richfield, Summit county, Ohio. His paternal American ancestors were :- I. William and Annis Alcock-Chandler, of Roxbury, Mass. II. Thomas and Hannah Brewer-Chandler, of Andover, Mass. III. Henry and Lydia Abbott-Chandler, of Enfield, Conn. IV. Nehemiah and Mary Burroughs-Chandler, of Enfield, Conn. V. Joel and Abigail Simmons-Chandler, of Alstead, N. H. VI. Joel and Sophia Smith-Chandler, of Richfield, Ohio. VII. Joel Alonzo and Martha M. Buck-Chandler, of Richfield, Ohio. Educated in the public schools and Richfield Academy. Clerk in general store at Richfield from 1868 to 1874. Removed to Cleveland in 1874. Married (1st) Effie May Barney, of Richfield, February 2, 1876. She died November 26, 1888. Two children : Harry Alonzo who died in infancy and Capt. Charles DeForest Chandler, Signal Corps, United States Army ; born in Cleveland, December 24, 1878. Married (2nd) Mary Gertrude Mahon, of Cleveland, April 29, 1891. Two children : Francis M. Jr., born April 5, 1892, and Dorothy Gertrude, born June 18, 1897. Deputy Clerk Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga county, 1876 to 1883. Admitted to the bar of Ohio by the Supreme Court in 1883. Practiced law with Frank N. Wilcox, Esq., under the firm name of Chandler & Wilcox, 1883 to 1886. 1885, with Edward W. Bowers, established and published "The Daily Court Record," a publication devoted exclusively to the business of the courts and county offices of Cuyahoga county. Deputy County Recorder of Cuyahoga county, 1886 and 1887. Devised and installed the present system of numbering and receipting for documents and papers filed for record, which system, the General Assembly subsequently required all counties m Ohio to adopt. Chief Clerk of the Probate Court of Cuyahoga county, 1888 to 1900. Devised and installed the present system of keeping accounts, files and records of that court. Demonstrated the convenience, durability, economy and practicability of printed instead of manuscript court and county records, by printing Vols., 36 and 68 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 37 of the Probate records of wills and an index to all estates administered in Cuyahoga county from its organization in 1808 to 1898. Secretary of the Cuyahoga County Republican Executive Committee 1891- 92-93. Chairman of the Committee in 1895. While chairman, a comprehensive and systematic enrollment of more than 20,000 Republican voters of the City of Cleveland was successfully inaugurated. Secretary of the Lincoln Republican League of Cleveland, 1898 and 1899. United States Marshal for the Northern District of Ohio, June, 1900, to September 30, 1909. Vice President Hough Bank & Trust Company. Member Cleveland Chamber of Commerce.   “ Cleveland Bar Association.   “ New England Society of the Western Reserve.   “ Early Settlers Association of Cleveland.   “ Richfield Association of Cleveland.   “ Forest City Lodge No. 388, F. & A. M. CHARLES S. THRASHER. Charles S. Thrasher, secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Construction Company, has scarcely passed the first one-third of a century mark on life's journey, and yet today occupies a position in the business world that many a man of twice his years might well envy. The company with which he is thus officially connected operates most extensively in the building of electric railways and in the execution of its contracts sends its forces of workingmen into various sections of the country. At the same time Mr. Thrasher has extended his efforts into other fields and is now identified with various corporate interests which are effective forces in signally promoting the development of the community. The birth of Mr. Thrasher occurred July 5, 1875, in Cleveland. In the paternal line he comes of English ancestry. His grandmother was born in England but the grandfather was a native of Virginia. In the Old Dominion Silas P. Thrasher was born in 1842 and for forty years he has been a resident of Cleveland, where he is still engaged in the produce commission business, having long been a well known and prominent representative of commercial pursuits here. He married Jennie Rogers, who was born m 1851 and died in 1897. Her father, Daniel Moses Rogers, was captain of the steamship Savannah, the first steamship that ever crossed the 'Atlantic, He sailed with his father for some time and later became a Methodist minister, devoting his remaining days to preaching the gospel. Reared in the city which is still his place of residence, Charles S. Thrasher attended the public schools and after the completion of his education secured a position in the office of the Lake Erie Iron Company, with which he was connected for a year. He afterward spent two years in the service of the Grasselli Chemical Company as assistant purchasing agent, one year with the Southern Ohio Traction Company as auditor, one year with the Western Ohio Railroad Company as auditor, and two years with the New York & Long Island Traction Company as vice president and general manager. His previous and varied experiences with the different railway lines well equipped him for his chosen position as secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Construction Company. This company operates largely in Ohio in the building of electric and steam railroads, electric light and water plants, and in the construction of telephone lines throughout various parts of the country. They have thus far executed contracts for the Northern Ohio Traction & Light Company, the Cleveland, Southwestern & Columbus Railway Company ; the Lake Shore Electric Railway Company ; the Southern Ohio Traction Company; the Aurora, Elgin & Chicago Railway Com- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 69 pany, of Illinois; the Rockford, Beloit & Zanesville Railway Company, of Wisconsrn; the Richmond & Petersburg Railway Company, of Virginia ; the New York & Long Island Traction Company, of New York ; the Kokomo, Marion & Western Traction Company, of Indiana; the Western Ohio Railway Company ; the Youngstown & Ohio River Railroad Company; the Chicago, Lake Shore & South Bend Railway Company; and a number of others. The extent of their operation indicates the high position which they occupy in business circles and in their work they stand for all that is most progressive in railway construction and equipment. In addition to his other interests Mr. Thrasher is general manager of the Youngstow n & Ohio River Railroad Company, is a director of the New York & North Shore Traction Company and also a director of the Cleveland Construction Company. In 1905 occurred the marriage of Mr. Thrasher and Miss Lillian R. Finn, a native of Hempstead, Long Island. Politically he is a republican and fraternally is connected with the Masons, hiving attained the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite while with the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine he has also crossed the sands of the desert. There has been no retrograde movement in all of his business career, his course being marked by a steady progress that has resulted from his ability to differentiate between the essential and the non-essential, utilizing the former and discarding the latter until in his present connection, in as far as his official duties are influential factors in management, he seems to have realized at any one point of his business career the possibilities for successful accomplishment at that point. GEORGE C. HASCALL. George C. Hascall, who is the president of the Tropical Oil Company and also president of The Hascall Paint Company, located at 1252 West Seventieth street, Northwest, and is otherwise closely identified with important commercial and financial interests of Cleveland, was born in Ypsilanti, Michigan, January 17, 1852. His parents, Philander and Mary A. Hascall, both died in Ypsilanti. In the public schools of that city George C. Hascall received his fundamental education. Upon putting aside his text-books he was employed in a jewelry store first in Ypsilanti and then in Detroit. After one year's experience on the road as a traveling salesman in the oil business for a firm located in Cleveland, he took up his permanent residence in this city in April, 1884. Later as a broker he engaged in operations in the oil business ,upon his own responsibilities and in 1889 embarked upon the manufacture of oil. He established the present works of the Tropical Oil Company in December, 1903, having bought the plant he now operates. In the last six years he has greatly increased his 'business as may be indicated from a rough comparison of the past with the present. At first there were but two office employes and now there are twenty-six engaged upon clerical work ; there were only two employed in the works and now there are over twenty; at the beginning there were no traveling salesmen, now there are between thirty-five and forty, who cover the territory from Maine to California and north into Canada. As this growth has been entirely dependent upon Mr. Hascall's own efforts it tells its own story of his enterprise, vigorous methods and his far-reaching sagacity in business matters. But, although so remarkably successful in this undertaking, he has not been blind to other opportunities in which he might add to his income and at the same time promote the financial welfare of the city, with which he has been connected for so long. Accordingly, as he saw opportunity, he bought stock in the First National Bank, the Bankers Surety Company and the Hough Avenue Savings & Banking Company, all important institutions of Cleveland. He is president of the Texas Manufacturing Company at Fort Worth, 70 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Texas, and controls the largest interest in the Prairie City Oil Company, which is also true of the Atlantic Paint Company, of New York city, and the HascallSmith Furniture Company, of New York. In Alden, New York, in 1889, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Hascall and Miss Hattie M. Fuller, of that town. They have one son, Robert G., born March 14, 1893. A man of strong principles, he is closely identified with Masonic interests—an association devoted to the betterment of humanity. He has risen to the thirty-second degree in this organization and has been admitted into the order of the Mystic Shrine. JAMES H. COGSWELL. James H. Cogswell, of 805 Euclid avenue, is one of the progressive business men of Cleveland, connected with some of the most important commercial, man_ ufacturing and financial enterprises of the city. In all of his associations with the business world he gives the same quality of service and devotion to duty that characterize his conduct of his private affairs, and his cooperation and judgment are sought along many lines. Through the steps of an orderly progression he has steadily advanced until his name is one of the most honored on commercial paper in Cleveland, while his record excites the admiration and respect of colleagues and associates. Mr. Cogswell was born at Parma, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, March 19, 1849, a son of James H. and Mary H. Cogswell, both of whom were natives of Connecticut, where the father was born September 1, 1800, and his wife January 12, 1814. Coming to Ohio in 1833, they settled in the wilderness on the present site of Parma and both died there in the year 1895. There were seven children in their family and they gave them what advantages lay in their power. James H. Cogswell was educated in the district schools, which he attended until 1863, when he came to Cleveland to work for his uncle J. H. DeWitt, Sr., member of the firm of J. H. DeWitt & Company, dealers in ladies' cloaks and furnishings, with a store on the public square. A men's clothing department was added after Mr. Cogswell entered the business. For thirty years he remained with the firm. After his uncle died in 1869, the business was carried on under the name of the James W. Carson Company, but the firm failed in 1883. In that year Mr. Cogswell bought the merchant tailoring department, continuing in the old place until 1893, when removal was made to his present quarters in the Hickox building. He is also treasurer of the W. B. Davis Company, dealers in men's furnishing goods; secretary and director of the Bruce & West Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of confectionery and bakery goods; a director in the D. T. Owen Company, manufacturers of -folding beds, couches, etc.; stockholder in the Central National bank, the Citizens Savings & Trust Company, the Cleveland Trust Company, Home Savings Company, the Bank of Commerce, National Association and the National Refining Company. On January 12, 1904, Mr. Cogswell married Elizabeth Scofield, daughter of William C. Scofield, president of the Lake Erie Iron Company. Mr. Cogswell is a member of the Union Club. For forty years he has belonged to the Old Stone church and is one of its liberal supporters. The closeness with which he keeps in touch with his varied interests has insured his success. While forging ahead in the business world, Mr. Cogswell has not been content with securing his own success but has aided many others to gain a foothold and has been of signal aid to his associates in the many enterprises with which he is connected. Mr. Cogswell has now been a resident of the city for forty-seven years and his constantly broadening interests have brought him to a prominent position in business circles. He has watched with interest the progress of events which have brought the city to its present proud commercial and financial standing. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 73 He has in his possession a directory of Cleveland that was published in 1837. Only two of the, citizens whose names are therein recorded live here today. As the years have passed by he has improved his opportunities to the betterment not only of his own financial condition but also of the city's welfare and his name figures conspicuously on, the pages of its business development. WILLIAM ARTHUR SCHLESINGER, M. D. Notable progress has been made by the young men who are representatives of the medical profession in Cleveland and keeping abreast with the onward march is Dr. William Arthur Schlesinger, one of Cleveland's native sons, born April 5, 1880. His parents were Joseph Frederick and Elizabeth (Dorn) Schlesinger, the former a native of Austria and the latter of Kenton, Ohio. In the year 1869 the father heard and heeded the call of the western world and established his home in Cleveland, where he is now engaged in the tobacco manufacturing business. The mother is also living. Following his graduation from the South high school with the class of 1897, Dr. Schlesinger attended Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated, cum laude, in 1901. He also completed a course the medical department of the same university in 1904 and is now a member of the Alpha Omega Alpha and the Nu Sigma Nu, two medical college fraternies. His first practical experience in his profession came to him in connection with Charity Hospital, where he served from September, 1904, until January 1, 1906, as house physician and surgeon. In May of the latter year he entered upon the private practice of his profession at his present location at No. 5409 Broadway, Southeast, He was on the staff of Charity Hospital Dispensary for one year, beginning in 1907, and he is accident surgeon for the Empire Plow Company and for the interstate, Superior and Acme Foundry Companies. Other than this his practice is general and he is now the valued family physician in various households of the district in which he makes his home. He is serving as secretary of the Charity Hospital Medical Society and holds membership with the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. On the 23d of June, 1909, Dr. Schlesinger wedded Miss Nell E. Mix, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W, H. Mix, residents of Sugar Grove, Pennsylvania. COLONEL W. S. ROGERS. It would he difficult to find a resident of Cleveland who has more warm peronal friends than Colonel W. S. Rogers, a fact which is due not alone to the ability which he has displayed in business life and the prominence to which he has attained in official circles, but rather to those kindly, generous traits of character which recognize and appreciate the good in another. He is entirely free from ostentation or display and the simplicity of life and nobility of his character are well balanced forces with his business activity and enterprise. He is today filling the office of fire marshal of Ohio, an honor which came to him entirely unsolicited as a recognition on the part of Governor Harris of the ability and trustworthiness of Colonel Rogers. A native of Noblesville, Indiana, Colonel Rogers was born November 28, 1848, and was one of a family of eight sons whose father, Rev. William H. Rogers, devoted his life to the ministry as a member of the Presbyterian church. After the outbreak of the Civil war he joined the army as did his elder son. Colonel Rogers was but a boy in years at the time. He had completed his pre- 74 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND liminary education and had just entered Oberlin College in 1863 when, at the age of fifteen, he put aside his text-books and offered his services to the government. He also influenced several members of his class to accompany him and going to Cleveland he enlisted as a member of the Sixtieth Ohio Infantry, which was enrolled for three years' service. Proceeding to the front he soon became familiar with all of the horrors and hardships of war, participating in the battles of Spottsylvania, Cold Harbor and Deep Bottom. He was for seventeen months in almost continuous conflict in the region of Richmond, participating in the battle of Appomattox. Other notable engagements in which he took part were the long siege of Petersburg, the valiant assault upon the outpost of Richmond and the engagement of Jerusalem Plank Road, Ream's Station, Weldon Railroad and Hatches Run. He displayed valor and loyalty equal to that of many a veteran of twice or thrice his years and with a most creditable military record returned to the north. Like most ministers' sons Colonel Rogers found it necessary to depend upon his own resources for I start in business life and learned the machinist's trade, working at the bench for some time in the early '8os, his ability, however; winning him promotion to the position of manager. He then entered the services of the federal government in the improvement of the Mississippi river, employing constantly from two to three thousand men. He did splendid work in that connection and was highly commended by the administration of President Arthur. In the meantime he had become recognized as one of the leading representatives of the republican party in the district of Illinois in which he was . residing and was elected on the party ticket to the state legislature, where he distinguished himself by solidifying the faltering adherents of General John A. Logan, his intimate friend. As a result of this exertion in behalf of his comrade, the faithful "103" finally secured his election as United States senator. After leaving the federal service, Colonel Rogers became connected with the Brush Electrical Company, with which he was connected for sixteen years, and during the last five years served as general manager with headquarters in Cleveland, having supervision over thousands of men. While thus associated he became widely known throughout the United States and Canada as one of the most thoroughly competent electrical experts of America. Under his supervision hundreds of electrical plants, municipal and private, were installed all over the country, many of the first plants in the larger cities having been sold and installed by him. From early youth Colonel Rogers has displayed marked mechanical skill and ingenuity and his study and experiments along mechanical lines have resulted in the invention of several needed improvements in mechanical construction, upon which he secured patents and which are now in use all over the world. These inventions now return to him munificent royalties. His business enterprise and ability have led him into various business connections and he is the president and director of several successful companies in Cleveland and elsewhere. Colonel Rogers, aside from his business associations, has been called to various positions of honor and trust. He became identified with the Grand Army of the Republic, the Sons of Veterans and the United Veterans League upon their organization and for many years has stood very high in their ranks. He was twice elected commander of Memorial Post, in Cleveland, one of the largest, most wealthy and prominent posts in America. He has almost the unprecedented honor of being chosen commander for two successive terms and on the close of his second term Colonel Rogers refused to allow his name to be considered thereafter. Entirely without his solicitation or knowledge he was elected department commander of the Grand Army of the Republic of Ohio and with the modesty which has characterized his course through life he refused to again stand as a candidate for that position. He is today one of the most prominent, popular and honored members of the Grand Army of the Republic in America and he has done splendid service in behalf of that and other mili- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 75 tary organizations. Enjoying a wide acquaintance throughout Ohio and several other states in the middle west and the Atlantic coast states in the north, Colonel Rogers has again and again been called to deliver public addresses and is an eloquent, earnest speaker, appealing to the sympathies and tender memories of the old guard, while his wit, his pathos and his humor are effective forces in swaying his audiences. In the fall of 1897 there was organized in Cleveland what was called the Rogers Association, and this body afterward visited Colonel Rogers in his home for the purpose of pleading with him to become the republican nominee for mayor against Mayor Tom L. Johnson, recognizing that his personal popularity and the unbounded confidence reposed in him by all who knew him would make him a most strong and forceful candidate. Assurances of support from every section of the city came to him and it seemed that the trend of sentiment had been turned as if by magic, when Colonel Rogers personally went to Congressman Theodore E. Burton, whom he considered to be the man of the hour, and gracefully withdrew in Burton's favor. This act won for Colonel Rogers thousands of voters who had not even learned that he was being urged to make the race. His appointment as state fire marshal also came as a recognition of his ability and without his previous knowledge. In 1908 there was a bitter contest between rival faction', both contestants being previously in the office, and Governor Harris selected Colonel Rogers for the position, knowing that he was well qualified and that his patriotism was above question. He entered loyally upon his new duties and has instituted many needed reforms and improvements in connection with the administration of the office. He has surrounded himself with a corps of able and competent assistants and as state fire marshal he has won for himself new honors in a state which regards him as one of its most eminent and faithful sons. Throughout Ohio and indeed wherever he is known he is spoken of in terms of admiration and respect. His life has been so varied in its activity, so honorable in its purpose and so far-reaching in its effects that it has become an integral part of the history of the state. Not a man in public hfe in the sense in which the term is generally understood, he has nevertheless exerted an immeasurable influence in business as a financier and promoter of commercial and industrial interests ; in social and fraternal association by reason of a charming personality and unfeigning cordiality ; and in politics by reason of his public spirit and devotion to the general good as well as by his comprehensive understanding of questions affecting state and national welfare. LAWRENCE W. SINNOTT. Lawrence W. Sinnott is now giving his time merely to the supervision of his private interests, which cover large investments in real estate. He was formerly actively engaged in the real-estate business but retired in 1900 and is now numbered among Cleveland's capitalists. He was born in Ireland, March 27, 1849, and is a son of William and Margaret (McCabe) Sinnott. He acquired his education in the public schools of the Emerald isle and remained a resident of that land until seventeen years of age, when he crossed the Atlantic to America and for a time continued his studies in the Franklin school of New York city. When he had permanently put aside his text-books he engaged in the hardware business as a clerk for about a year and was afterward connected with the glassware business for several years in New York. Coming to Cleveland in 1873, he soon recognized the possibilities for successful operation in the real-estate field and for twenty-seven years figured as one of the leading real- estate dealers of the city, negotiating many important property transfers and keeping at 'all times conversant with the condition of the real-estate market and possible rise in values. His investments were so judiciously made that with a 76 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND handsome little fortune he retired in 1900 to devote his remaining days to the management of his numerous private interests. On the 10th of May, 1882, Mr. Sinnott was married to Miss Margaret H. Timbers, a daughter of Patrick and Mary (Murphy) Timbers, who were among Cleveland's pioneer residents, coming to this city in 1847. Five children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Sinnot : Mary Louise, a graduate of the Cleveland high school ; William L., also a high-school graduate, who for some time was connected with the Cleveland Electric Company and is now associated with the Union Electric Company of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; Alice, a graduate of the Cleveland high school ; Lawrence J., who was also graduated from the high school, where he distinguished himself as a member of the football team and is now associated with the Electric Supply Company ; and Margaret, who is now attending the academy of Our Lady of Lourdes. The family residence has been at No. 1911 East Seventy-ninth street since 1896. Mr. Sinnott has found time during a life of unusual activity and close application to business to indulge his love for horses and finds his greatest recreation in driving. Politically he has always been independent, deeming the character and efficiency of the candidate more important than partisan politics. His religious belief is indicated in his membership in St. Agnes Catholic church, to which he has always been a liberal contributor. He is a member of the Knights of Columbus and the Catholic Benevolent League. During his thirty-seven years' residence in Cleveland he has gained a large circle of friends, who have come to admire his strong characteristics of industry and honesty, which have commended him to the trust and friendship of his fellowmen. Coming to America when a mere boy, with no capital except a rugged constitution and a determination to succeed, he has climbed the ladder step by step and stands as a sterling example of the self-made man, his energy and opportunity making possible his success. M. LYMAN LAWRENCE. M. Lyman Lawrence is vice president of the Lawrence Publishing Company, publishers of the Ohio Farmer, recognized today as one of the leading agricultural papers in the entire country, with a circulation that makes the plant one of the leding enterprises of the city. Trained for the work in his youth, he has displayed an initiative spirit in the further development and extension of the business connected with the publication and circulation of the paper and today occupies a prominent place among Cleveland's representative and resourceful business men. Mr. Lawrence was born in this city December 23, 1868, and in the acquirement of his education passed through the public and high school, while in 1885, when a youth of sixteen years, he went to Colorado for his health. Advised that outdoor life would be beneficial, he became cowboy and cowpuncher on the western plains and there remained until the outdoor exercise effected his restoration. In 1889 he abandoned the life of the plains, however, for in that year his father went to Colorado and organized two banks, the Peoples National and the Peoples Savings Bank, both of Denver. M. Lyman Lawrence then entered the bank and held all of the important positions from messenger to cashier. When lie assumed the duties of the latter position he was the youngest bank official of Colorado. He allows no difficulty nor obstacle to thwart him in the work which he undertakes, and he soon proved himself capable of discharging duties that devolved upon him in the cashiership. The banks suspended in 1893 and Mr. Lawrence afterward returned to Cleveland, where he took an active part in the management of the Ohio Farmer, which his father had purchased during the youthful days of the son. From that time forward he has been actively connected with the publication of this leading agricultural journal and is now vice president of the Lawrence Publish- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 79 ing Company, which is an extensive plant and is conducting one of the important business enterprises of this character in the city. He is also the vice president of the Lawrence-Williams Company. In 1881 his father went to France, where he arranged for the sale of Gombault's Caustic Balsam, a veterinary remedy. The Lawrence-Williams Company was then formed and the business is now capitalized for fifty thousand dollars. The remedy has had a ready sale and the business is now one of very large and profitable proportions. The company are sole agents in the United States and Canada and they employ a large force of assistants in introducing the drug on the market. The present officers of the company are : Mortimer J. Lawrence, president ; M. Lyman Lawrence, vice president; L. L. Pope, secretary and Paul T. Lawrence, treasurer. The last named is also secretary and treasurer of the Lawrence Publishing Company. On the 3d of August, 1891, Mr. Lawrence was married to Miss Olive M. Harp, of Denver, a daughter of W. R. Harp, president of the Union Coal & Coke Company. Their home is on Magnolia drive, at the corner of Juniper drive, and is the scene of many attractive social functions Mr. Lawrence has been a Mason since 1892 and is a charter member of Brenton N. Babcock Lodge. He also belongs to Cleveland Lodge, No. 84, B. P. 0. E., and holds membership in the Cleveland Auto Club, the Lakewood Yacht Club, the Hermit Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Chamber of Commerce. He is prominent in social as well as business circles and is one of the popular and esteemed residents of Cleveland, where with the exception of his western experience his entire life has been passed. ELISHA STERLING, M. D. Dr. Elisha Sterling, an eminent surgeon and naturalist whose work was a factor in the world's progress, his ability being widely recognized in scientific Circles, was born in Salisbury, Connecticut, August 15, 1825. His father, John Sterling, came to Cleveland with an ox team and was three weeks in making the trip. Here he engaged in business, also staking out a claim and later becoming much interested in real estate. Elisha Sterling was but a young lad when he accompanied his parents on their westward removal to Cleveland, then a little village containing only about five hundred inhabitants. Educated in the schools of this city, he spent his boyhood and youth here, was married and established his home in Cleveland, making it his place of residence throughout his remaining days. It was on the 12th of May, 1854, that he wedded Miss Mary Hilliard, a daughter of Richard Hilliard. Dr. and Mrs. Sterling became the parents of five children who were living at the time of the death of the father, December 29, 1891. These are : Richard Hilliard, a resident of Denver, Colorado ; Mrs. Y. P, Morgan, whose husband was Dr. Morgan, a distinguished representative of the Episcopal clergy, mentioned elsewhere in this work ; Agnes ; Dora; and Katharine. As the interests of a youth center in the place of his residence, so with Dr. Sterling, who in his boyhood days found delight in companionship with the Indians and French-Canadian hunters, ranging through the woods and exploring the districts in the region of the Cuyahoga river which gave no indication of the habitation of white men in this part of the country. The woods and the waters became as an open book to him. Not only did he became familiar with Lake Erie but also with Michigan and Superior as he paddled with his companions over those great inland seas. Tramping with them through the forests, he also obtained a •comprehensive knowledge concerning the game to be found in those regions and he knew also where the fish were to be obtained and learned much concerning the habits of the denizens of the forest and of the streams. In 1836 he became a member of a sporting and athletic club founded by William Case. It was said of him that he was a naturalist of high ability 80 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and throughout his entire life manifested the keenest interest in the different phases of nature, especially in its animate life. As a profession Dr. Sterling took up the study of medicine and surgery and specialized in the latter field, becoming recognized as an eminent surgeon of the middle west. He began preparation for the profession under Professor Ackley in the old medical college on Erie street and after winning his degree went to Paris and completed his studies. While there he was invited by Professor Ricard to accompany him on a professional visit to Louis Napoleon and perform a surgical operation. It was as a pupil of Jean Jacques Victor Coste that Dr. Sterling witnessed the experiments of Joseph Remy in artificial hatching of trout eggs from the Vosges mountains in the cellar of the observatory in the Luxemburg Gardens of Paris in 1850. He remained always a naturalist, interested in everything bearing upon scientific understanding of the animal life, and when in Europe for professional study, used his opportunities to further his knowledge in that direction as well. He was a close friend of Dr. Garlich, famed in connection with fish culture. As a surgeon Dr. Sterling performed some notable operations. The Medical Record credits him with priority on the western continent in an operation in excision of the hip joint, the patient surviving eleven years, and the entire extirpation of the human tongue—the only case of this kind where a cure resulted from the operation. During the Civil war Dr. Sterlmg served as surgeon of the Ohio Light Artillery under General Barnett and was wounded in the ankle, being struck by a bullet. From the effects of this injury he never fully recovered. In his later years he ceased to practice medicine and engaged in writing for the Forest & Stream and papers of natural research. The Kirtland Society of Natural Science was the result of a suggestion of Dr. Sterling and its first meeting was held in his office February 25, 1869. The breadth of his studies and the depth of his research gained him prominence among men eminent in the two fields of labor in which he was particularly interested. Anything which tended to bring to man the key to the complex mystery which we call life, whether manifest in human or in animal form, was of interest to him. As a surgeon he displayed a most comprehensive knowledge of anatomy and of the component parts of the human body, together with the onslaughts made upon it by disease and the results that might be secured by operative surgery. At the same time he sought to know the facts relative to life in the animal kingdom and his knowledge and ability placed him prominently among American naturalists. JOHN H. GRIFFITH. The years of his life were busy ones for John H. Griffith until about four years prior to his demise, when he put aside the cares of commerce and spent his remaining days in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He was born in Rochester, New York, on the 19th of January, 1836. He did not reach the Psalmist's allotted span of life of three score years and ten, for his death occurred on the 25th of January, 1905. He was brought to Cleveland by his parents, David and Charlotte Griffith, in 1837 when but a year old. The family located on what is now the west side of the city. His father was one of the pioneer settlers and business men here, being for many years a well known representative of the commission business. He displayed in marked measure a spirit of enterprise and progress and those qualities were used for the advancement of the city as well as for his individual gain. He was likewise a charter member of the old St. John's church, one of the first in Cleveland. John H. Griffith was reared in this city and acquired his education here under the tutorship of Mrs. Chapman on the west side, and he also spent several terms HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 81 in study in neighboring towns. He was a young man of twenty years when, in 1856, he found employment in the freight office of the Pittsburg, Cleveland, Columbus & St. Louis Railroad, with which he was connected for several years, , or until 1863, when in association with his brother he entered the malt business, leasing the plant from their father. In this field of labor John H. Griffith continued until about four years prior to his death, when he retired from active business to spend his remaining days in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. His industry, perseverance and capable management had brought him a substantial competence and he used this during the last four years of his life to supply him not only with the necessities but also with those things which contribute to the comfort and pleasure of living. On the 10h of January, 1861, Mr. Griffith was united in marriage to Loraine E. Powers, a daughter of David J. and Eliza t1. Powers, who were pioneer settlers near Madison, Wisconsin, in the early '40s and spent their last years in Chicago, Mr. and Mrs. Griffith had but one child, Charlotte P. Politically Mr. Griffith was a republican, interested in the success of the party and in hearty sympathy with its principles, yet the honors and emoluments of office had no attraction for him. He was a good singer, fond of music, and was a member of one of the famous quartets of Cleveland. His fine voice rendered him popular in musical circles and many of his most pleasant hours were spent in association with those who enjoyed as he did this art, which is the least tangible but the most powerful of all arts. He attended the Episcopal church and the many good qualities of his life won him the esteem of his associates and gained for him the friendship of many with whom he came in contact. JOSEPH EDGAR COOK, M. D. Dr. Joseph Edgar Cook, who has done an important public work of a professional nature and at the same time has enjoyed a large general private practice medicine and surgery, was born at Perry, Lake county, Ohio, February 13, 1856. His father, Joseph Warren Cook, a native of Vermont, came with his parents to Ohio when a boy, settling in Lake county, where he spent his life on a farm, his death there occurring in 1889 when he was sixty-one years of age. The family is of English lineage. The mother of Dr. Cook was, prior to her marriage, Minerva E. Haywood, and she, too, was of New England birth. Her parents were among the early settlers of Madison county, Ohio, and, remaining a resident of this state until her death, she here passed away in 1891 at the age of sixty-two years. Dr. Cook remained upon the home farm until fifteen years of age, when he continued his studies in the Geneva (Ohio) Normal School, where he spent three years. He then went to Hiram College but at the end of the junior year was obliged to seek employment, and, having an opportunity to read medicine, he put aside his college text-books and came to Cleveland in 1878. Here he entered the office of Dr. W. J. Scott and subsequently entered the medical department of Wooster University in the spring of 1881. This was the last year before the consolidation of the two colleges which formed the medical department of the Western Reserve University, from which he later received an ad eundem degree of M. D., thereby becoming an alumnus of the medical department of the Western Reserve University. Soon after his graduation he removed to the west side and became associated in practice with Dr. Nathaniel M. Jones, the relation being maintained for about fifteen years. He then removed to the east side, opening an office in his present location in the New England building. He engages in the general practice of medicine and surgery and was surgeon for the Consolidated Street Railways for eighteen years, or until the fall of 1908. He has also been a member of the visiting medical staff of St. Vincent's Hospital for the 82 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND past eighteen years and was physician in charge of the City Infirmary and City Hospital for five years. After practicing for five or six years he spent one winter in post-graduate work in New York city. In 1896 he was chosen to the presidency of the Cleveland Medical Society and is also a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, of which he was the first president, and a member of the American Medical Society. Dr. Cook was for two years a member of the board of education preceding the adoption of the federal plan, and dying the second year he acted as president of the board. He belongs to all Masonic bodies in this city, including the consistory and the Mystic Shrine. His political allegiance is given to the democracy and he is a member of the Christian church. On the 18th of November, 1896, in Cleveland, Dr. Cook was married to Miss Lillian H. Heisley, a daughter of Judge John W. Heisley, of the common pleas bench of this city, serving in this judicial position for many years. Mrs. Cook is an officer of the Young Women's Christian Association, in which she has been very active. Since their marriage Dr. and Mrs. Cook have resided at 1950 East Seventieth street, where they cordially extend the hospitality of their home to many friends. NEWELL SAMUEL COZAD. The name of Cozad has figured on the pages of Cleveland's history for more than a century, or from the time when the present Ohio metropolis was a little struggling village, bounded on one side by the lake, over whose waters no steamship had as yet passed, while on the other side was the almost impenetrable forest. Newell S. Cozad was the third son of Samuel Cozad, who arrived in Cleveland in 1807 with his parents. He was a direct descendant of Jacques Cozad, who came to America in 1662. He was descended from French Huguenot ancestors who at the time of religious persecution had fled from northern France to Holland. Samuel Cozad had six children, all of whom are now deceased with the exception of Newell S. Cozad, who is living at 2043 Cornell Road. He was born in 1830 on his father's farm, which is now Wade Park. As a boy he attended Shaw's Academy for two years and afterward spent a similar period in Cleveland University. He took up the study of law under the direction of Joseph and Samuel Adams and was admitted to the bar when Judge Starkweather was on the bench. He then formed a partnership with J. M. Coffrnberry in 1854, the connection being continued for two years, when Mr. Coffinberry was elected judge and withdrew from the firm. Mr. Cozad afterward practiced alone until 1857 when he put aside the work of the profession to look after the business interests of his father, whose health was failing and so continued until the death of his father in 1872, at which time he was appointed administrator of the estate. In June, 1858, Mr. Cozad was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Goe, of Trumbull county, Ohio. There were two children of that marriage, Mary A, and Charles N. The son, now residing in Caldwell, Kansas, is married and has a daughter sixteen years of age. Mary A. Cozad is now Mrs. George W. Bradford and has two children, Charles and Ruth. The former is a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science of the class of 1907 and is now in electrical business in New York city, while Ruth is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown Private School, of the class of June, 1909. In the year 1865 Newell S. Cozad enlisted as a member of Company D, One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Regiment, and was corporal of a company under Captain John Wisman, Lieutenant Colonel Frazee and Colonel W. H. Hayward. After returning from the war he continued to assist in the management of his father's business affairs, as previously stated, and on the division of the estate HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 85 he inherited as his portion the home farm, which included the Wade Park of the present day. He planned and laid out that park in 1874, doing much of the labor himself in clearing and grading up the drives, spending about sixty thousand dollars on the improvement and development of the park. This money was borrowed on mortgage against the park and when a financial stringency came on Mr. Cozad was compelled to relinquish his title to the land to parties holding the mortgage, thereby killing a cherished ambition not only of his own but of the entire Cozad family. He afterward went west, spending some time in Kansas and the Indian Territory where he engaged in stock-raising. After devoting twelve years to that business he returned to Cleveland in 18.$8. During his residence in the Indian Territory the red men in that part of the country were very restless, owing to the Custer massacre. Many raids occurred and several men were killed on Mr. Cozad's ranch, it being a very wild country during his sojourn there. On his return to Cleveland he took up his residence at Lake View, on the Cozad property, comprising about eight acres. Aside from looking after this allotment he is leading a retired life. He holds membership in Forest City Post, G. A. R., and both he and his wife are members of the Euclid Avenue Congregational church, with which he has thus been affiliated for fifty-eight years. He belongs to one of the oldest, most prominent and most honored families of the city and justly enjoys the fruits of a successful business life. Surrounded by comforts and pleasures in accordance with his desires, he stands as a representative of a family whose high character in no manner suffers by his connection. A splendid type of American manhood and citizenship, he is now one of the most venerable of the native sons of Cleveland, his life record covering seventy-nine years. HENRY ALDEN SHERWIN. Approachable, courteous and free from ostentation or display, one meeting Henry Alden Sherwin in the general walks of life would scarcely think of him as a financier and prominent manufacturer, but rather of his pleasing personal characteristics, and yet his name is known from ocean to ocean and in every foreign land, as he stands today at the head of the world's greatest paint and varnishing manufacturing interests. He was born in Baltimore, Vermont, September 27, 1842, a son of Alden W. and Rachel (Bachelder) Sherwin, who were born and reared in that state and were representatives of old New England families. They were thrifty, frugal people of high moral character. In such a home atmosphere Henry Alden Sherwin was reared and the lessons then imprinted on his nature have since borne rich fruit. He attended the public schools to the age of fifteen years, when he put aside his text-books that he might enter the business world and earn his own living. His first position made heavy demand upon his time and energies and gave him little outlook, as he was employed as errand boy and clerk in a general store. However, he looked beyond the conditions of the moment to the opportunities of the future and resolved that if persistency of purpose and undaunted energy could win him promotion he would secure it. After two or three years spent in the store, desiring a broader field of action and regarding the opportunities of the growing west as superior to those of New England, he came to Ohio and established his home in Cleveland in February, 1860. For a time he was employed as a clerk and in other ways in a large dry goods house, receiving, however, but small salary. His manifest ability and faithfulness, however, soon won him recognition in merited promotion and here later he had become chief bookkeeper. The house closed its business soon afterward but his service in that connection was sufficient to recom mend him for other important positions and in a similar capacity he went to a wholesale grocery house, in which he was admitted to a partnership a few months later in recognition of his rare business sagacity and thorough trustworthiness. 86 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND He did not find the business, however, congenial to his tastes and, disposing of his interests in 1866, he turned his attention to the sale of paints, colors and varnishes. He had been connected with this trade for but a brief period when he felt that he was established on the highroad to success. The little business grew rapidly, demanding larger quarters from time to time, and new departments were added as the enterprise progressed. From a small beginning the business has grown to be the largest of the kind in the world and in no center of civilization is the name of the Sherwin-Williams Company unknown. It was in 1870 that Mr. Sherwin formed a partnership with E. P. Williams, and plans were made to extend the field of operations still further, Mr. Sherwin deciding to take up the manufacture as well as the sale of the commodity which he handled. The policy which was instituted has always been maintained and has constituted the basis of their splendid success. Mr. Sherwin resolved that the growth of the business should rest upon good quality and persistent advertising. He determined that only the best products that could be made should leave his establishment, believing that the best goods would sell the best and would prove not only more profitable to the manufacturer but also of, more value to the consumer. His idea as to the highest quality remaining the standard of the enterprise is one which has been maintained throughout the conduct of his business and the wisdom of his judgment has been conclusively proven in the success he has attained. As a manufacturer he met with the same success which had come to him in the sale of paints, colors and varnishes, and the continued expansion and growth the his business led to the increase of the plant from time to time, to additions to the force of traveling salesmen and to a general extension of trade. At length; in order to place the business on a more permanent basis and to provide proper facilities for its greater advancement, it was decided to form a stock organization, and in 1884 the business was reorganized and incorporated under the name of the Sherwin-Williams Company, with Mr. Sherwin as its president. The new company continued to grow safely along the lines laid down by its founder until today the enterprise stands at the head of the paint industry of the world, owing in large measure to the keen foresight and sound business judgment of Mr. Sherwin and to the correct principles promulgated by him. Mr. Sherwin himself said : "I attribute whatever success has come to the company to an unfailing loyalty to good quality in our products, to business character, good advertising and hard work. Good goods and good advertising stand side by side. Neither could have won without the help of the other." This house now largely sets the standard for the trade in the manufacture and sale of paints, varnishes and kindred products. The main offices and one of the largest factories of the company are at Cleveland. The plant at this point consists of seventeen large buildings. At Cleveland are also located the headquarters of the central district of the company's organization, which handles the business of the northern central portion of the United States, with offices and warehouses at Buffalo and Cincinnati. The remainder of the continent is divided into six districts : the Atlantic coast district, with offices and warehouses at Newark, New Jersey, Savannah, Philadelphia, Boston, New York city, and a factory at Newark ; the middle west district, with offices and factories at Chicago and warehouses and offices at St. Louis and Minneapolis ; the Canadian district, with offices and factories in Montreal, Quebec, and offices and warehouses at Toronto, Ontario and Winnipeg, Manitoba ; the Pacific coast district, with offices and warehouses at San Francisco, Los Angeles, Portland and Seattle ; and the southwestern district, with headquarters at Kansas City and offices and warehouses at Dallas, Texas, and Omaha, Nebraska. The export department is located at the Newark saes offices and the factory at that point is splendidly situated for purposes of foreign shipments. The company has its own linseed oil works thoroughly equipped with modern machinery, railway tracks, docks, marine elevator, et cetera, where it makes and refines its own linseed oil ; it operates its own tin can plant, with a capacity of seven million cans a year ; it makes HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 87 all its varnishes, driers and japans ; manufactures all its dry colors and runs its own printing plant, machine shops and box factory. In the box and cooperage department of the company the mills have an annual capacity of fifteen million feet of lumber and a dockage front of five hundred feet. The sample department where the sample folders are finished turns out annually nearly forty million samples. The capacity of this department allows them to paste one hundred and fifty thousand samples a day, while the amount of paint that is spread on their color cards would paint all the houses in a good sized town. From the beginning it has been the policy of Mr. Sherwin and his associates to advertise extensively, to bring out striking and attractive but not freakish advertisements and to correctly represent the products of the factory. Nearly twenty years ago the advertising department was organized and today is resembles in its organization a very fair-sized advertising agency and its work is much of a similar character. The department managers go to it for suggestion and assistance in the way of advertising to assist them in pushing the sale of the products in which they are particularly interested. It is completely equipped with a staff of writers and art department, clerical office force, a printing department of fifteen presses, a complete bindery and a large sampling department where the color cards are made, besides a finishing department where the varnishes, stains, enamels and other high grade finishes are worked out on the wood or on surfaces on which they are customarily used, so that any one interested can see exactly the effect obtained by the use of the various finishes. As the result of the extensive advertising no other paint or varnish products are as generally known as are those of the Sherwin-Williams Company. Not only have the stockholders in this enterprise given their attention to the development of a mammoth trade but they have closely studied the betterment of industrial conditions and have in this regard promoted many interests which have made their plants and their relation to their employes of a model character. Two floors in one building of the Cleveland plant are used exclusively as lunch room and kitchen, where a well selected bill of fare is served at practically cost prices. Rest rooms are provided for the girls and an employes' sick and death mutual benefit society renders aid in case of sickness or death among the employes, the membership, thereof including more than 90 per cent of the working force. A large part of one floor in one building is set aside as a club room and is used for meetings of employes and as a place of rest and recreation. It is furnished with a piano and game tables and the leading magazines are on file. In the club room is also located the library of the company and a branch of the Cleveland public library. The company publishes a monthly magazine called "The Chameleon," for the entire staff. It is edited and printed in its own printing department, is open to contributions from all employes and contains instruction, news, information and illustrations of the business. Moreover, the company hold a yearly convention of salesmen, officers and managers in Cleveland, give an annual banquet for employes, an annual outing for all employes and their families, maintains a debating society for young men in the office, also a glee club, and makes various gifts in recognition of faithful and competent service. The view of the company in this work is summed up very well in the following words : "The care and improvement of the animate machinery is at least as important to the manufacturer as the care and improvement of the immediate machinery. The three most important matters for attention should be health, morals and education, because a more vigorous employe can do more work, a more conscientious employe will do more conscientious work, and a more intelligent employe will do more intelligent work." Aside from his other business interests Mt. Sherwin is well known in various connections, being a director of the Cleveland Trust Company, the Society for Savings, the Osborn Manufacturing Company, the Lawrence Paint Company and the First National Bank. He is also affiliated with other progressive undertakings and is a prominent member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and 88 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND other civic organizations. He has never allowed personal interest or ambition to dwarf his public spirit or activities. His is the record of a strenuous life—the record of a strong individuality sure of itself, stable in its purposes, quick in perception, swift in decision, energetic and persistent in action. In September, 1865, Mr. Sherwin was married to Miss Frances M. Smith, the only daughter of Deacon William T. Smith, one of the oldest, best known and highly esteemed merchants and Christian gentlemen of this city. Their children are three daughters. Mr. Sherwin has been a member of the Baptist church for nearly a half century and has been a liberal contributor to the various branches of the church work in the city, state and country. He was for many years president of the Young Men's Christian Association, of which he is still a trustee and is likewise a trustee of the Denison University at Granville, Ohio. Mr. Sherwin is an expert angler and has a valuable collection of books on angling. He is .also a member and one of the founders of the Oustalea Club near Sandusky, a club of limited membership which is known the world over. He is truly democratic in manner and spirit, rating men by the aristocracy of worth rather than of birth and standing himself as a splendid type of American manhood and chivalry. P. A. McHUGH. P. A. McHugh, a self-made man in all that the term implies, the exigencies of the case demanding economy in his youthful days so that he gained real knowledge of values and the worth of opportunities, is now connected with the industrial interests of Cleveland as a manufacturer of chairs and seats. He was born at Summit Hill, Pennsylvania, March 26, 1864, his parents being John and Mary (Gildea) McHugh. His father came from Ireland at the age of seventeen years and opened up the first coal mine in Ohio. His mother's ancestors were among the first settlers of Pennsylvania who went to that state after the founding of the colony by William Penn. At an early age P. A. McHugh accompanied his parents on their removal from Summit Hill to Rolla, Missouri, where he attended the public schools and after he had ceased to be a student he engaged in teaching near Rolla for two terms. In the meantime he worked on the farm with his father and early became familiar with the tasks incident to the development of the fields. He afterward entered the Missouri School of Mines & Metallurgy, in which he pursued a three years' course. Returning to the north at the age of twenty-two years, he settled in Cleveland and went to work for Henry Slatmyre, with whom he continued for a year. He was afterward with Horace W. Power, who was state agent for the Travelers' Insurance Company, and remained in the insurance business for six years. He next secured a position as sleeping car conductor, acting in that capacity for a year after which he removed to Buffalo where he engaged in the insurance business with the Railway Official Employes Company. Because of a railroad strike he returned to Cleveland and accepted the position of shipping clerk with the firm of Likely & Rocket, trunk manufacturers. At the end of a year he became buyer for the W. A. Banks Company and for Haas Brothers in the produce business. About this time he conceived the idea of engaging in the seating business which he entered, making seats for tents and circuses. He afterward invented a portable grand stand which was later adopted by circuses. His first large contract was in furnishing seats for the Grand Army encampment in Cleveland, but owing to the death of President McKinley he lost considerable money. He is still engaged in business as a chair and seat manufacturer. This is the only industry of its kind in the world, Mr. McHugh originating and building it up himself. He contracts for seating large audiences all over the United States, manufactures the seats for all the circuses in the United States and is known all over the country as "McHugh, the Seat Man." HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 91 In 1891 Mr. McHugh was married to Miss Marie Jeavons, a daughter of W. A. and Sarah Newman Jeavons. Her father, now deceased, was a prominent manufacturer of Cleveland. Mr. McHugh is identified with several social organizations, including the Travelers Club, the Tippecanoe Club and the Cleveland Athletic Club. He is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce and belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and his life is in harmony with the beneficent purposes of the order. His political allegiance is given' to the republican party and he was at one time probate clerk. He takes great delight in hunting and target shooting and is a member of the National Rifle Association. As the years have gone by he has met many difficulties and obstacles, but his perseverance has enabled him to push on in spite of these. In his early manhood he was for eight years without a home; in his youthful days he had the experience of farm life where rigid economy was practiced, but this gave him knowledge of the real value of a dollar ; he also learned that the only success worth having is that which is earned, and his entire life has been characterized by laborious, persistent effort. Eventually, however, he solved the problems that confronted him and is now conducting a productive and profitable business in the manufacture of chairs and seats. FRANCIS H. WAGAR. Francis H. Wagar, the oldest native son of Lakewood, is in his ancestral connections a representative of one of the old Dutch families established at Lansingburg on the Hudson in the sixteenth century. He is the youngest son of Mars Wagar and a great-grandson of Nicholas Wagar. His mother was Katura Miller, a descendant of early English and French settlers. Mars Wagar was numbered among those who planted the seeds of civilization in the Western Reserve, making his original purchase of land from the Connecticut Land Company. He was numbered among those men whose industry and intelligence constituted the magic wand that has transformed the western wilderness into one of the most prosperous and thickly populated sections of the country. In 1826 he sold sixty acres of land for three hundred dollars and accepted in compensation for the greater part of it some Latin and Greek books which have since passed into the possession of his grandson and namesake. He was a surveyor and teacher by profession and in both capacities was closely associated with the early progress and development of this part of the state. He aided in promoting the school system in pioneer times and was the first of the name to become actively connected with the teacher's profession here, while his son Francis and his grandson, Mars E. Wagar, have since done good work in the same field of labor, fhe latter being at one time m the Central high school. Francis Wagar was only fourteen years of age when his father met an accidental death and thereafter for forty years there was displayed on the part of the son the most unselfish and filial devotion toward the mother. In 1853 he married Serena Tucker, a daughter of John Tucker, who was for fifty years a teacher and physician. Mrs. Wagar comes of Revolutionary ancestry and is a descendant of John Alden. Mr. and Mrs. Wagar have now traveled life's journey together for fifty-seven years, sharing with each other in the hardships and trials of life in the early days, subsequently profiting by the business conditions of later years and now in their declining days they are untroubled by the usual ills attendant upon old age, spending their time quietly in a comfortable home amid friends who entertain for them warm and lastmg regard. His son says of him, that the best thing he has always heard about his father is that "Frank Wagar's word is as good as his bond." He belongs to the Old Settlers' Association and is a prominent representative of that class of men whose labors laid the foundation upon which the present prosperity and progress of 92 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND the city and county rest. Mr. Wagar is now living on the same land where his birth occurred. The family home was originally a log cabin surrounded by an unimproved tract on which the timber had not been cut until Mars Wagar, Sr., undertook the task of developing his home there. Francis Wagar has lived to see the old homestead become a part of one of Cleveland's most beautiful suburbs, with all the latest adjuncts necessary to a highly developed community. His eldest son, Mars E. Wagar, so named in honor of his grandfather, is president of the Western Reserve Insurance Company, president and treasurer of the Wagar Realty Company and is prominent in the business life of the city in 0her connections. THOMAS HENRY LINAS. Thomas H. Linas was a contractor of Cleveland and substantial structures of the city stand as monuments to his enterprise and ability in the field of his chosen labor. He came to Ohio in 1871 from Belfast, Ireland. A native of the Emerald isle, he pursued his education in the schools of that country and then sought the opportunities of the new world, concerning which he had heard such favorable reports. Arriving in Cleveland, he entered the employ of David Copperfield as foreman, and in that connection had charge of the building of the public vault in Lakeview cemetery. He continued to act as foreman for Mr. Copperfield for two years, during which time he had demonstrated his ability in making estimates on contracts, and architects of the city, because of this, prevailed upon him to go into business upon his own account, assisting him in every way they could. His first contract of any note was the Cleveland Central high school and he also built the medical college of the Case School of Applied Science. He was likewise awarded the contract for the construction of the two wings of the old postoffice building and many of the fine homes of the city, including the Charles F. Brush and Samuel Andrews residences. As the years passed his business increased in volume and importance, his work being proof of his ability and skill. The structures which he erected were of substantial character and attractive architecture, adding much to the appearance of the city. He had been awarded the contract for the building of the Arcade before his death occurred and had himself set the corner stone for that structure which, after his demise, was completed by his son John. He was a man of notable enterprise and energy and was making rapid progress toward the goal of prosperity when his life's labors were terminated. With a nature that could never be content with mediocrity, he thoroughly qualified himself for his chosen work, mastered the scientific principles underlying building operations and kept in touch with the continuous progress that is manifest in the work of the architect and builder. Ere leaving the Emerald isle, Mr. Linas was married, June 4, 1863, to Miss Anna Albin, who was also a native of Ireland, and they became the parents of three sons, but the first born, John, is now deceased. The others are William Albin and Thomas H. The former is a graduate of the Central high school, which was erected by his father, and won the valedictorian honors of his class. The death of Mr. Linas occurred June 28, 1889, when he was but forty-seven years of age. It seemed that many more years of usefulness should have been allotted him and yet he had made good use of his time and opportunities in the decades which were his, winning not only a goodly measure of success but also an honored name. He was a public-spirited citizen and an earnest Christian man, holding membership in the Church of the Good Shepherd. Since his demise his widow has transferred her membership to St. Paul's Episcopal church. Mr. Linas was endowed with his share of Irish wit, his ready repartee and appreciation of humor adding much to the enjoyment of many situations. He HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 93 possessed a studious nature and literary tastes and spent many of his leisure hours with his books and his greatest pleasure came to him through his companionship with his family. He was devoted to their welfare and happiness, was loyal in his friendships and public-spirited and progressive in his citizenship. Though twenty years have passed since he was called from this life, his memory is yet cherished by those who were associated with him while he was still an active factor in the world's work. JACOB HENRY SILVERTHORN. There is perhaps no resident of Cleveland more capable of speaking with authority concerning many of the events and conditions of the city of Cleveland than Jacob Henry Silverthorn, who in the evening of life, surrounded by the comforts of his own earning and with the serenity which must come through the contemplation of what he has accomplished, is now living retired, making his home at the Hollenden Hotel. He knew Cleveland when it was scarcely more than a village, its business district bordering the river, while its commercial and industrial enterprises were of primitive character. Mr. Silverthorn w as born in Ohio on the 17th of November, 1827, a son of William Silverthorn, who was one of the earliest residents of this city. The father died during the boyhood of his son Jacob, after devoting his life to agricultural interests, with which he was connected until his demise about 1840. In early manhood he had wedded Miss Polly House, also a native of Ohio. They lived in this section of the state throughout their entire lives, although they were representatives of old Pennsylvania families of German descent. Jacob H. Silverthorn acquired his education in the early schools, the first "temple of learning" in which he pursued his studies being a little log building such as was common in primitive times. He left school. and home when ten years of age and went to Sandusky, Ohio, with the family of W. H. Mills and when a youth of fifteen made his way to Ashtabula, Ohio, where he learned the trade of building fanning mills. He remained at that place for three years and then removed to Willoughby, Ohio, where he was employed for a year by a man with whom he had previously learned his trade. He then began business in the same line on his own account, devoting two years to that undertaking, It was during his residence in Willoughby that Mr. Silverthorn was united in marriage to Miss Jeannette Jackson, a native of Rutland, Vermont, from which place her people had come to Ohio. In 1853 Mr. Silverthorn removed with his family to Rocky River and during the greater part of his life since that time has been identified with hotel interests. At that place he purchased the old hotel property and conducted a popular hostelry for fourteen years. On the expiration of that period he sold out and purchased a farm, on which he spent about six months, after which he came to Cleveland and bought the property where Adelbert College now stands. He became owner of nineteen acres and conducted a road house for about four years, having the most extensive patronage in the city. From that point he went to Coit-on-the-Lake, where he remained for two years in the hotel business, and in the meantime he became interested with Drake & Company, wholesale dealers in teas, coffees and spices. He was associated with that enterprise for three years, after which he returned to Rocky River and again purchased the hotel property in 1884. For seventeen years he continued there in the hotel business, after which he retired from active life. He was the first man able to command a dollar per meal in the county. Among his patrons were General Sheridan. General Hayes and other distinguished guests, and his was one of the most popular hostelries of the state. In all the years of an active business career Mr. Silverthorn was an interested witness of the growth, progress and development of the city and county. In 1838 94 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND he saw the first locomotive ever in Ohio, at which time General Harrison was on the train as a member of a delegation to Fort Meigs. Cleveland at the time Mr. Silverthorn first became acquainted with the city contained no jail, having merely a cage in which to incarcerate the culprits who broke the law. It was at that period of the city's existence that all of its business was conducted along the river, while its residence district covered but a small area. As the years have passed he has contemplated with interest the marvelous growth and development of the city along industrial and commercial lines, feeling just pride in what Cleveland has accomplished, giving her rank with the ten largest cities of the Union. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Silverthorn were born two children : William Henry, now president of the Railroad Steel Spring Company and of the Car Lighting & Heating Company, his home being in New York city ; and Mrs. H. B. Brooks, a resident of Birmingham, Alabama. Eighteen years ago Mr. Silverthorn was called upon to mourn the loss of his wife and the later years of his life have been spent at the Hollenden Hotel, where he is now comfortably located. His business life brought him into close contact with many prominent men with whom he had personal acquaintance, knowing them not as they appeared in history but as they were in every day life, so that his reminiscences are delightfully entertaining. A republican in politics, he has supported the candidates of that party since its formation and has cast his vote for men of his personal acquaintance, thus assisting them to the highest offices in the land. He has now reached the venerable age of eighty-two years but in spirit and interests seems yet in his prime. He stands as a splendid example of the hotel proprietor of an earlier generation, who played a most important part in the history of the state before modern invention made travel a matter of but a few hours from Cleveland to the eastern coast. His years rest lightly upon him and he is yet deeply interested in all that pertains to Cleveland, its growth and its upbuilding, while throughout the city he is honored as one of Ohio's worthy pioneers. COLONEL THOMAS AXWORTHY. The name of Colonel Thomas Axworthy was long an honored and prominent one in the business circles of Cleveland, where he operated as an iron and coal merchant. He was also the owner of many of the vessels engaged in the carrying trade and was a large investor in mining properties. Possessing broad, enlightened and liberal minded views, with faith in his own powers and in the vast potentiality for development inherent in his country's wide domain and with recognition of specific needs along the distinctve lines chosen for his life work, his was an active career in which he accomplished important and far-reaching results, contributing in no small degree to the expansion and material growth of the state and from which he himself also derived substantial benefits. Colonel Axworthy was born in Devonshire, England, June 11, 1836, and his life record covered the years to the 6th of December, 1893. His parents, Thomas and Anna Axworthy, came from Devonshire, to America, in 1830, and the ancestral history of the family is traced back to the time of William the Conqueror. In the public schools of Philadelphia Colonel Axworthy pursued his education to the age of sixteen years, when he was apprenticed to the stonecutter's trade in the service of William Struthers & Son, a leading firm of Philadelphia. He served for a term of five years and completing his trade, remained with his original employer until 1858. He then borrowed five hundred dollars and purchased a milk route, which he conducted for two years and sold out for one thousand dollars. He next accepted a railroad position but soon abandoned it for a position in the Philadelphia gas department. In 1857 he also became connected with the Philadelphia fire department and was soon made an honorary and active member of the West Philadelphia and Columbia Engine Company, with which he held various HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 97 offices for eleven years. In 1863 he manifested his fidelity to the Union cause by assisting in raising a regiment at Harrisburg. In 1864 Colonel Axworthy took charge of the retail and shipping business of the Powelton Coal & Iron Company of West Philadelphia—a position of great responsibility. Soon afterward the firm sent him to Buffalo to establish business there but deciding that Cleveland was the better place, directed him to remove to this city, which he did in 1868, taking up his abode with his family on Franklin avenue on the west side. He succeeded in building up a coal business equal to any on the lakes and gradually he made progress in business circles until he owned and controlled many iron and coal vessels engaged in the carrying trade and also had large interests in many important industries. He likewise made extensive investment in iron mines in the Lake Superior region. He stood as a splendid type of the self-made man, of reliant, independent spirit, finding in the business conditions of his day the opportunity for successful achievement. Such was the regard entertained for his opinions that his advice and counsel were often sought and were freely given for the benefit of others. Aside from the interests already mentioned he was actively engaged in promoting the Toronto, Hamilton & Buffalo Railroad when his death occurred. In his demise the city and country lost a prominent man of affairs, whose labors were of a character that contributed in large measure to general advancement and prosperity, as well as to individual success. Colonel Axworthy served as one of the most valuable men of the board of health during Mayor Payne's administration and in 1883, at the urgent solicitation of many of the leading business men of Cleveland, he accepted the nomination for city treasurer on the democratic ticket and was elected by a majority of thirty-four hundred votes in a district where a republican had hitherto always been elected. His bond, which was placed at nine hundred thousand dollars, was vouched for by friends who represented a capital of over twenty-five millions. He never sought to figure prominently in public affairs of a political character and the very fact that he was known as a conservative and reliable business man made him the choice of the people for the position of custodian of the public funds. In all matters of citizenship he maintained a progressive attitude and his endorsement of every movement of a public nature was sure to gain for it a strong following. On the 17th of March, 1858, in Philadelphia, occurred the marriage of Colonel Axworthy and Miss Rebecca Barrett, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Myrick) Barrett, of West Philadelphia. The father was superintendent of a large wholesale harness establishment there. The grandfather, Captain Myrick, sailed whaling vessels between China and Africa, returning home only once in ten years. Unto Colonel and Mrs. Axworthy were born four children, Mrs. Mary E. Arthur; Anna E.; Rebecca A., who became the wife of L. P. Presley, but both are now deceased ; and Jane A., the wife of L. H. Geller, of Cleveland. At one time there were four generations of the family : Mrs. Axworthy, Mrs. Presley, the granddaughter, Mary A. Presley, and a great-granddaughter, Lillian C. Segrave. Colonel Axworthy was a man of domestic tastes, deeply interested in the welfare of his family, whose happiness was his chief concern. He always held friendship inviolable and was loyal to every interest to which he pledged his word. He was an ardent sportsman and had many trophies of his hunting and fishing expeditions, He was also a great horseman and owned many valuable and fast horses. He held membership in the Jockey Club and also in the Union Club, while fraternally he was connected with Bigelow Lodge, A. F. & A. M., the Odd Fellows Society and the Knights of Pythias. Throughout the greater part of his residence in Cleveland he held membership in St. John's Episcopal church and was vestryman for nineteen years. With a nature that responded readily and generously to the call of the needy, he gave assistance to many who have reason to esteem him for his kindly and timely aid. He recognized fully the obligations of wealth and as he prospered gladly shared his success with others less fortunate. 98 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND He is therefore remembered for his many kindly deeds as well as for the splendid success which he achieved, placing him with the prominent representatives of the iron and coal trade in Cleveland, which is one of the most important centers of the mining industries of the country. CHARLES FISH. Colonial history chronicles the arrival of John Fish at Mystic, in Groton, Connecticut, in 1655. He is the earliest known ancestor of the Fish family in America and was one of the earliest settlers of Groton. Since that day representatives of the name have been characterized by loyalty and patriotism in citizenship and by progressiveness and reliability in business affairs. Captain Jonathan Fish, who won his title by service in the Revolutionary war, was one of the ancestors of our subject and to the same family belonged Hamilton Fish, of New York. In 1811 James Fish, the grandfather, in company with his two cousins Moses and Ebenezer Fish made the overland trip from Massachusetts, being forty-seven days upon the way. He was a native of Connecticut, having been born in Groton, in June, 1783. In the spring of 1812 he and his two cousins took up farms across the river in Brooklyn township and James Fish built upon his place a little log cabin, which was one of the typical pioneer homes. At the time of his settlement, being in straightened circumstances, he was obliged to walk to Newburg daily, a distance of five miles, and there in return for his day's labor received in payment sundry provisions at the rate of fifty cents per day. Sometime afterward he purchased one hundred and sixty acres of land, but, not being able to pay the taxes on the entire amount, he sold one hundred and ten acres of the place to Aziah Brainard. Subsequently he took up eighty acres, a mile north of his first purchase. It is related that during the progress of the battle of Lake Erie he was at work cutting logs and the distant roar of cannon could be distinctly heard. Thinking of how the settlers would lose their hard earned homesteads should victory be on the side of the English he became so nervous that he quit work and entered the cabin, where the women of the family were assembled. They knew nothing of the desperate combat that was being carried on so close to them and exclaimed : "How it thunders." "Yes," replied Mr. Fish, "but it is home-made thunder." He lived to the extreme old age of ninety-two years, passing away in September, 1875. He not only shared in the hardships and privations which led to the early material development of the community but also aided in the moral progress of the neighborhood during the thirty years in which he held membership in the Methodist church. In 1805 he married Mary Wilcox and their family numbered eight children, four born in Connecticut and four in Ohio. Isaiah W. Fish, the fifth of the family, was the first white person born in Brooklyn, his natal day being May 9, 1814. He received but a limited education, his early life being mostly spent in working on his father's farm. In February, 1837, he married Matilda Gates, a daughter of Jeremiah Gates, of Brooklyn, and they had three children, Lucy A., Charles and Buell J. The mother died in February, 1850, and Isaiah Fish was married July 5, 1850, to Mary A. More, of East Cleveland, by whom he had three children, Mary M., Louisa S. and James, but the son is now deceased. After his marriage Isaiah W. Fish engaged in farming in partnership with his father and for many years was closely identified with the agricultural development of this part of the state. He was also prominently connected with the religious, civil and educational interests of Brooklyn. For more than a half century he was a member of the Methodist church and for at least half of that period was a regularly ordained minister, preaching the gospel without asking for any pecuniary compensation. He was also for many years a teacher in the Sunday school and his labors were an effective force for HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 99 the moral development of the community. He was also president of the school board for four years and a generous supporter and champion of public education and of charitable institutions. In politics he was a republican and, although he had no desire for office, his fellow townsmen elected him to various political positions, the duties of which he discharged with promptness and fidelity. Charles Fish, a son of Isaiah Fish, was born August 31, 1843, and pursued his education in the old frame building which was called the Academy. He later spent a few terms in district schools and one term in Baldwin University at Berea, Ohio. At the age of sixteen he returned home and remained on the farm with his parents until nineteen years of age, when he joined the army, becoming a member of the Fifty-second Ohio Regiment. Before being mustered in this command was ordered to a spot too far removed from the seat of activity to suit NI r. Fish, who was then nineteen years of age, and he sought out the Seventh Kentucky Cavalry, with which he enlisted. He was with his 100 regiment in Georgia when with two other regiments it effected the capture of Jefferson Davis. At the close of the war Mr. Fish returned to Brooklyn and wedded Miss Mary Campbell, one of his childhood companions, who survives him together with their only daughter, Mildred, now the wife of Frank E. Norton, a representative of the White Dental Company of Philadelphia. A son, Willis, died at the age of sixteen. Mrs. Fish was born in Cleveland in 1847 and is well known in West Cleveland, being a representative of one of the early families. Her parents were Isaac and Caroline (Woodruff) Campbell. Her father was born in mid-ocean while his parents were coining from Scotland, the family home being established in Cleveland in 1832. In this city he became a pioneer shipbuilder and contractor. After his marriage Mr. Fish removed to a farm in Boston, Summit county, Ohio, where he remained until his father's death in 1881, when he returned to the old homestead. The father left to him and the other heirs many acres of land in the center of what is now the west side. On his return Mr. Fish erected a modern residence on the site of the old home and resided there, giving his supervision to his property interests, and as well, managed two farms he owned in Summit county, Ohio. Although a stanch republican he never took active part in local politics, but never failed to express his opinion upon political questions at the polls. The only social organization to which he belonged was the Grand Army of the Republic. He held membership, however, m the Brooklyn Memorial Methodist church and his life was in keeping with its teachings. In 1900 the family residence at what is now 3116 Mapledale avenue was completed, and it was there Mr. Fish resided until his death and there his widow and (laughter still make their home. He was much attached to his home and family, finding his greatest happiness in ministering to their pleasure. He passed away July 21, 1909, honored and respected by all who knew him and most of all by those who had known him longest and were most familiar with the history of his upright life and many splendid qualities. BENJAMIN D. NICOLA. Among Italy's native sons who have attained distinction in professional circles in America is numbered Benjamin D. Nicola, an attorney of Cleveland, who has been practicing here since 1904. He was born in Montenero, Valcocchiara, Italy, March 17, 1879. His father, Vincenzo D. Nicola, a native of the same place, was born April 19. 1855, and the grandfather, Benedetto Nicola, was likewise a native of Montenero, where he spent his entire life, his time being given to agricultural pursuits. In the year 1881 Vincenzo D. Nicola came to the United States taking up his abode in Uhrichsville, Tuscarawas county,