(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 100 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Ohio, and establishing a grocery, meat market and general store. There he resided until 1896, when he removed to Barnhill, where he now makes his home. He has felt perfect contentment in his adopted land, realizing the value of the opportunities here offered. Fraternally he is connected with the Odd Fellows and with the Foresters of America. He married Pasqua Miraldi, also a native of Montenero, Valcocchiara, Italy, and she, too, also survives. Vincenzo D. Nicola served for a year in the Italian army, while his brother, Joseph Nicola, was for three years a soldier. Benjamin D. Nicola was a youth of nine years when in 1888 he came to the United States, supplementing his early education, acquired in the public schools of Italy, by study in the public schools of Uhrichsville, wherein he continued his course until he was graduated from the high school with the class of 1897. He completed a law course in the Ohio State University in 1900, at which time his professional degree was conferred upon him. In 1901 he pursued special courses in academic work and in law, thus broadening his general information as well as promoting his specific preparation for a professional career. Until 19(34 on account of his father's illness, he was in charge of his father's business, but in December of that year entered upon his practice in Cleveland after spending the summer in his native land. In 1905 he became a member of the law firm of Wilkin, Kirby & Nicola and since his withdrawal from that partnership relation in December of that year he has been alone in general practice, engaging in all lines of litigation and legal work. He has a large clientage among people of his own nationality, but does not make a specialty of this. On the 29th of June, 1905, Mr. Nicola was married to Miss Harriet M. Stuckey, a daughter of Herbert Stuckey, of Stark county, and they have two children, Kenneth Vincenzo, who was born July 29, 1906; and Esther L. Nicola, born June 13, 1909. Mr. Nicola belongs to the Odd Fellows Society and to the Tippecanoe Club, a fact which indicates his political preference and yet to some extent he is independent in politics for he does not consider himself bound by party ties. He is rather in sympathy with that independent movement which is carefully considering the political status and questions of the day rather than party affiliations. EDWIN C. HENN. Edwin C. Henn is the vice president and general superintendent of the National Acme Manufacturing Company, and also the inventor of the multiple spindle automatic screw machines which this company builds. He became connected therewith in 1902 and in the intervening years the goods of this company have established a world standard. The growth of the business, too, has made it one of the most important productive industries of Cleveland and Mr. Henn is known as one of the leading business men of his adopted city. His birth occurred in New Britain, Connecticut, June 5, 1863. His father, a native of Germany, was born April I, 1825, and came to America about 1845. He was for many years identified with manufacturing interests in connection with the well known firms of Russell, Irwin & Company and Landers, Frary & Clark, but is now living retired. He married Barbara Wilhelmy, who was also of German birth. Her natal year was 1831 and in 1899 she was called to her final rest. Mr. and Mrs. Henn were married in this country and their children were Edwin C.; Frank, now deceased ; Albert W., secretary and treasurer of the National Acme Manufacturing Company ; and Julia, the wife of Charles Snow, of Hartford, Connecticut. In the public schools of New Britain, Connecticut, Edwin C. Henn pursued his education through consecutive grades and became a high school pupil. He HISTORY OF CLEVELAND = 103 was associated with his father in business until eighteen years of age, when he went to Lorain, Ohio, and entered the employ of Joel Hayden Brothers Company. Subsequently he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he was connected with Post & Company, manufacturers of telephone supplies, for a few months. He returned to Hartford, Connecticut, to take a position as contractor with Pratt & Cady, manufacturers of waterworks supplies, with whom he remained for twelve years, filling various positions of trust during that period. In 1895 he engaged in business on his own account as a manufacturer of bicycle parts and in 1902 he came to Cleveland and shortly thereafter, in connection with his brother, A. W. Henn, and W. D. B. Alexander, he organized the National Acme Manufacturing Company, for the manufacture of automatic machinery and producing by automatic machinery parts for practically everything from a watch to a locomotive. They have made the Acme automatic machines the standard of the world. The business was begun in a little room in an attic and has grown to be one of Cleveland's giant industries, having the largest individual plant of its kind in the United States, covering over six acres of floor space, while employment is furnished to one thousand expert workmen. They use ten million and seventy-eight thousand pounds of iron, steel and brass annually in the product department alone and turn out over one hundred million finished parts. They maintain large warehouses and salesrooms in New York, Chicago, Cleveland and Boston and distribute their product throughout Europe, South America, Asia and Africa, as well as America. The business has enjoyed notable growth and is still developing at a remarkable rate, due in large part to the tireless energy and mechanical skill of Mr. Henn, who is its vice president and general superintendent. He has given to the world what it needs and the manufactured product is of such excellence and the prices so reasonable that a continuance of the trade is assured. On the 1st of July, 1884, Mr. Henn was united in marriage to Miss Dora Krout, a daughter of J. M. Krout, of Louisville, Kentucky. They have eight children : Albert E. was educated at Hartford, Connecticut, and in the Glenville high school ; Oliver L., who pursued his education in the same schools ; Ralph F., who attended the Glenville high school and the Case School of Applied Science ; Viola ; Julia ; Reginald F.; Carl ; and Richard. They reside on the Berkshire road in Euclid Heights, having one of the palatial residences of that section of the city. Mr. Henn is enthusiastic on the subject of motoring, and golf ; fishing and shooting are his pastimes; and travel also furnishes him recreation and interest. Socially he is connected with the Colonial and Euclid Clubs and fraternally with the Masonic and Odd Fellows Societies. He belongs also to the Glenville Christian church and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, cooperating in its various plans and movements for the business development, the substantial improvement and the adornment of the city. He stands as a splendid type of the alert, enterprising business man, his being a notable example of rapidly acquired success on the part of one who has understood conditions of trade and met the needs and demands of the times. Within a notably short period his business has reached mammoth proportions and the name of the company whose interests he largely controls is now known in every section of the world. HARVEY A. HIGGINS. Harvey A. Higgins, general manager of the Standard Tool Company of Cleveland, was born near Chicago, May 3, 1866, a son of Lewis H. and Jennie E. (McGlashan) Higgins. His early education was acquired in the public schools. Being eager to make for himself a place in the business world, he secured employment as a clerk in a wholesale grocery establishment, where he remained for two and a half years. On the expiration of that period he became associated with the Washburn & Moen Manufacturing Company, which later 104 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND became a part of the American Steel & Wire Company. He was identified with that enterprise for ten years and next became president of the Chicago Fire Proof Covering Company, manufacturers of asbestos products. He has been a resident of Cleveland for a decade, during which period he has been general manager of the Standard Tool Company. His previous important business connections had made him well known in industrial and manufacturing circles, leading to his present business connection, which is one of large responsibility. He is also one of the directors of the company and thus has voice in the financial affairs as well as general management over the business of the company. Mr. Higgins married Miss Martha Paine, of St. Louis, and they have three children, Harvey A., Jr. Robert Rhea and Margaret. The eldest is a graduate of the Cleveland high school and attended Oberlin College, wherein he pursued a classical course. Robert was graduated from the Shaw high school of Cleveland and is now pursuing a scientific course in Dartmouth College. The daughter is a pupil in the. Hathaway-Brown school. The family residence is at 11408 Bellflower Road. Mrs. Higgins is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. In his political views Mr. Higgins is a republican and keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day, but prefers to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs rather than become an active factor in political circles. He attends the Calvary Presbyterian church, of which he is a trustee, and he is a member of the Union and Colonial Clubs. In the Chamber of Commerce h'e is serving as director and is imbued with that progressive spirit which, manifest in the officers and directors of the Chamber, have made it a potent force in the city's upbuilding. He is fond of all manly outdoor sports and his is a well balanced nature in which the different interests, political, social, business and moral, are given their relative prominence. BASCOM LITTLE. Bascom Little was born in Cleveland, April 24, 1879, a son of Dr. Hiram H. Little, of whom extended mention is made on another page of this work. His education was acquired in the University School of this city and in Cornell University, from which he was graduated A. B. in 1901. Having put aside his textbooks, he entered business circles as an employe in the office of the Baker Motor Vehicle Company and became a director in 1903 when he resigned from active service in that concern. He had been financially interested in the business almost continuously since entering the house. From time to time he has made investment in manufacturing enterprises to none of which he gave his entire time yet devoted much personal attention to all. These include the American Ball Bearing Company, the Locke Steel Belt Company, the V. & 0. Press Company and various others, including a number of enterprises which he has brought into a syndicate and placed upon a substantial basis, after which he has disposed of his interests therein, He is a director in all of the above mentioned save the Locke Steel Belt Company, He is likewise a director in the Citizens Savings & Trust Company and the Baker Motor Vehicle Company. Mr. Little belongs to that younger generation of business men of Cleveland called upon to shoulder responsibilities differing materially from those resting upon their predecessors. In a broader field of enterprise they find themselves obliged to teal with affairs of greater magnitude and to solve more difficult and complicated financial and economic problems. In such a position is Mr. Little who, while not actively concerned in the daily management of any enterprise, is yet watchful of the conduct and control of many and the coordination of various business concerns in which the development and prosperity of the city have HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 105 On the 2d of June, 1906, Mr. Little was married to Miss Florence Cobb, a daughter of L. A. Cobb, of Cleveland, and they reside at No. 7711 Euclid avenue. Mr. Little's political views are in sympathy with republican principles and his religious faith is that of the Unitarian church. He is a member of the Alpha Delta Phi fraternity at Cornell and his enthusiastic interest in hunting is manifest in his trips to the Canadian woods each fall. He belongs to the Union, University, Tavern and Country Clubs and that he is not unmindful of the responsibilities of citizenship is indicated in the fact that he is serving as secretary of the Cleveland Associated Charities. Mrs. Little is also very active in local charitable work, being a director of the Rainbow Cottage and the Perkins Nursery and is also interested in the work of Alta House. Mr. Little is one of the trustees of Hiram House and a factor in the promotion of other charitable mterests, he and his wife being in entire unanimity in their interests for the amelioration of hard conditions of life for the unfortunate as well as in their home and social interests. THOMAS E. ADAMS. Thomas E. Adams, one of the organizers for The Adams-Bagnall Electric Company, whose inventive genius has constituted an important foundation stone upon which rests the successful business of that company, was born in Erie county, New York, September 3, 1851. His father, Thomas Adams, was a native of England, and in early life learned and followed surveying. When a young man he came to the United States, settling first near Buffalo, New York, but subsequently he returned to England, where he was married. He then came with his bride to the new world and took up his abode at Lake View, Erie county, New York. There he continued to engage in surveying and farming until his life's labors were ended in death in 1854. His wife bore the maiden name of Harriett Wickham and was born near Bristol, England, where her marriage was celebrated. Thomas E, Adams was only in his third year at the time of his father's demise. He was reared by his mother in Lake View, New York, and after attending the public schools spent the winter of 1868-9 in Oberlin College. This completed his education and he soon afterward entered business circles in the position of collector with the firm of William Sumner & Company of Cleveland. A year later he accepted a similar position with the late George W. Howe, with whom he continued for three years. On the expiration of that period Mr. Adams returned to the state of New York, where he lived for several years, but again sought a home in Cleveland. He was for two years with the Britton Iron & Steel Company and for thirteen years, following 1882, with the Brush Electric Company. He began as an expert, erecting and repairing general electric light apparatus. In 1884 he became foreman of the testing and other departments. During these years he patented numerous improvements on electric light and railway systems, including the wood segment commutator of the Brush dynamo ; the Brush-Adams arc lamp, which is widely used; the double pole trolley, seen in Cincinnati, Ohio, and Japan, attaching trolley to span wires to give the undermining wheel a smooth track. This is universally used. These and other important works has Mr. Adams done. In 1895 he became associated with others in the organization of The Adams-Bagnall Electric Company, with which he has since been identified. His inventive genius is manifest in the fact that he has taken out nearly a hundred patents on electrical and mechanical appliances. His talent in that direction has enabled him to greatly improve upon the work done by The Adams-Bagnall Electric Company, the business of which is now extended over the entire world. From the beginning the enterprise proved successful and its trade has now grown to extensive proportions. In addition to his other busi- 106 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ness affairs Mr. Adams is a director of the Standard Fuller's Earth Company of Mobile, Alabama, and of the American Crude Oil Company, of West Virginia. In 1879 Mr. Adams was united in marriage to Miss Belle Knapp Sturtevant, a native of Cleveland. Their only child, Marian Lois, died in 1896. Both Mr. and Mrs. Adams hold membership in the First Baptist church, in which he is a deacon. He is an associate member of the Cleveland Engineers Society and in the Odd Fellows lodge is well known, having filled all of the offices. His business record has been marked by that orderly progression which follows concentration of purpose and close application. He has utilized each advantage as it has come to him and the years have chronicled his success. ROY FOLLETTE YORK. Roy Follette York, equipped for life's practical and responsible duties by liberal educational advantages, which included a course in law, has made wise use of his time and opportunities and is now enjoying a substantial income as the vice president of the Stearns Automobile Company, of Cleveland, his native city. He was born February 4, 1871, of the marriage of B. H. and Julia (Harkness) York, the latter a daughter of Dr. L. G. and Julia ( Follette) Harkness, of Bellevue, Ohio. B. H. York, who was born in 1833 and died in 1884, was a grain merchant conducting business as a member of the firm of Gardner, Clark & York. In the public schools Roy F. York acquired his preliminary education, which was supplemented by study in Bridgeman's Academy and Brooks School, private institutions of this city. He afterward attended the Columbia Law School of New York city and the knowledge there gained has been a valuable element in his later business career. Leaving college, he turned his attention to the brokerage business in connection with his brother, under the name of R. H. York & Company, being thus associated until 1903, when he became connected with the Stearns Automobile Company as sales manager. After two years he was elected vice president of the company and has taken conspicuous part in placing it in the front rank among the automobile builders of America. Its output is now extensive and its manufactured product is standard in all that goes to make up good workmanship, durability, style and finish. The name of the house, too, has become a synonym for reliable business dealing for it is the policy and purpose of the members of the firm to hold to the highest commercial ethics. Mr. York belongs to the Cleveland Automobile Club and the Automobile Club of America and further indication of his social nature is found in his identification with the Union, Tavern, Country, Roadside and Mayfield Country Clubs. He is fond of golf, motoring and driving and indulges his love of these in leisure hours. He has traveled extensively both at home and abroad. His belief in republican principles is manifest in his support of the party at the polls when state and national candidates are on the ticket but at local elections, where no party issue is involved he votes independently. He resides at No. 2708 Euclid avenue and stands very high among Cleveland's younger generation of business men, being popular in business and social circles. FRANK C. NEWCOMER. Frank C. Newcomer, now enjoying an extensive clientele as a real-estate dealer and fire insurance agent, is the president of the Frank C. Newcomer Company of Cleveland. His birth occurred at Bergen Point, New Jersey, on the 15th of January, 1881, his parents being I. W. and Arabella (Rose) Newcomer, who are natives of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and Cleveland, Ohio, respectively. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND = 109 The Newcomer family is a very old one in this country, representatives of the name having located in Hanover, York county, Pennsylvania, about three hundred years ago. The paternal grandfather of our subject removed from York county, Pennsylvania, to Philadelphia, that state, and in 1855 established his home in Cleveland, Ohio. The maternal grandfather of Frank C. Newcomer was a native of England and after crossing the Atlantic to the United States, resided for a short time in Buffalo before coming to Cleveland, the year of his arrival in this city being 1830. I. W. Newcomer, the father of Mr. Newcomer of this review, came to Cleveland in 1860 and for a time was identified with the busmess interests of the city as a member of the firm of Rose Br0hers. Subsequently he became connected with the concern that later developed into the Cleveland Provision Company. He still survives and yet makes his home in Cleveland, being widely recognized as one of its most substantial, respected and representative residents. Frank C. Newcomer obtained his education in schools of New York, Cleveland and Chicago. After putting aside his text-books he entered the employ of the Cleveland Provision Company, of which his uncle, Benjamin Rose, was president, remaining with that concern for five years. On the expiration of that period he accepted the position of bookkeeper in the Market National Bank, but after two years associated himself with the Prudential Trust Company as manager of its real-estate department, serving in that capacity until the company was absorbed by the Citizens Savings & Trust Company. At that time he embarked in business for himself, and recently organized the Frank C. Newcomer Company, of which he is president, his comprehensive familiarity with property interests making him well qualified for the duties which devolve upon him in this connection. The company figures prominently in real-estate circles of Cleveland and makes a specialty of the improvement of estates. Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Newcomer has cast his ballot in support of the men and measures of the republican party, believing that its principles are most conducive to good government. He is connected through membership relations with the Hermit, Euclid, Union, Chagrin Valley Hunt, Lakewood Yacht and Mayfield Country Clubs, and is a lover of all manly outdoor sports, being especially fond of horseback riding. He likewise belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Real Estate Board. Mr. Newcomer is yet a young man but has already attained a gratifying measure of success, while his many good qualities, his social manner, his genial disposition and his cordiality have made him popular with those with whom he has been brought in contact. HARRY GORDON. Harry Gordon, who occupied a position of distinction in connection with business interests and fraternal and club circles of East Cleveland, was born in Williamsport, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1865, and his life record covered the intervening years to the 7th of January, 1907, when he was called to his final rest. His father, Clifford Gordon, was born in Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, July 16, 1827, and became a prominent merchant of Williamsport, Pennsylvania. On the l0th of March, 1850, he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Corah, who was born in Susquehanna county, Pennsylvania, August 8, 1829. In the schools of his native city Harry Gordon pursued his education to the age of thirteen years. When a youth of fifteen he was employed as fireman in connection with the operation of an engine at a sawmill and there remained for two years. When seventeen years of age he left Williamsport and came to Cleveland, at which time he accepted a position with the Bell Telephone Company. His evening's, however, were devoted to study and thus he completed his education, 110 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND wisely using his spare time in advancing his qualifications for business life. In this way he learned bookkeeping and later accepted a position as bookkeeper with the Lake Shore & Valley Railroad, serving in that capacity until he became associated with the Knickerbocker Ice Company, which he represented as bookkeeper for seven years. He also occupied a similar position in Lorain, Ohio, with the Lorain Steel Company. He then became connected with the late Mayor C. E. Bolton in real estate, official and business matters, and was connected with real- estate operations until his death. His investments were judiciously made, for he informed himself thoroughly concerning property values and the possible diminution or rise of prices in property. His activities also constituted forceful factors in public progress. He was a member of the city council of East Cleveland for two years, and cooperated in many movements for the upbuilding and substantial development of that section of the city. For many years he acted as vice president of the Tippecanoe Club and later was its president for two years, taking an active part in the executive management of the affairs of that organization. His political allegiance was given to the republican party, which found in him a stalwart champion of its interests. The opportunities of his youth were limited and he could well be termed a self-educated and self-made man. Without the opportunity of attending college he acquired knowledge far in excess of that of many a college-bred man. He gained broad, practical information that served him well in the conduct of official and busmess interests and in the management of social affairs promulgated by the clubs with which he was connected. He not only held membership in the Tippecanoe Club but also belonged to the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Auto Club, the Western Reserve and the Royal Arcanum. Neither was he unmindful of the higher, holier duties of life, for he cooperated m the work of moral progress through his membership in the First Baptist church. On the 17th of December, 189o, Mr. Gordon was married to Miss Myrtie D. Ensign, a daughter of Calvin and Deborah (Burdick) Ensign, of the state of New York. The father was a member of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war. The grandfather, Ezra Ensign, came from Vermont to Ohio in pioneer times, settling at New London. The maternal grandfather, William Burdick, on his removal from the state of New York took up his abode at Spencer, Ohio, in 1834, and devoted his attention to general agricultural pursuits. Mrs. Gordon is a native of Penfield, Ohio, but has resided in this city since 1890 and is well known in East Cleveland. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gordon were born two children : Bessie Frances, who was born March 19, 1892; and H. Ralph, March 16, 1895. The family were called upon to mourn the loss of the husband and father on the 7th of January, 1907. He had throughout his entire life wisely used his opportunities and, never living to selfish purpose, had given his life in large measure to the service of others. His geniality and cordiality rendered him popular in political and social organizations, and the constantly increasing circle of his friends was indicative of the high regard and esteem in which he was uniformly held. JOHN PETER VAUPEL. John Peter Vaupel figured prominently in business circles in Cleveland for a considerable period, both before and after the half century mark of the nineteenth century. He was born in Kurhesen, Germany, November 26, 1815, and his death occurred in Cleveland, November 14, 1872. Attracted by the business advantages of the new world, which he regarded as superior to those furnished in his own country, John Peter Vaupel sailed for Quebec, Canada, where he resided for a time, during which period his daughter, Mrs. M. E. Born, was born. In early manhood he had wedded Eleanor Bech, who was born December 9, 1818, in Bleich- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 111 enbach, Hesse-Darmstadt. They continued their residence in Canada until 1852, when they came to Cleveland. Mr. Vaupel was a cabinetmaker by trade and followed that pursuit for a time, after which he was engaged on general work but soon established a cigar box factory and conducted business along that line until his death. He built up an extensive trade and was quite successful. The character of the workmanship, the nature of the output and the reliable business methods of the house were all factors in the growth and prosperity of his business. While living in Canada he had owned and operated a soap and starch factory and his entire life was one of unremitting business activity and enterprise. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Vaupel were born seven children, of whom three are yet living: Charles P., who conducts a druggists' laboratory in Cleveland ; William ; and Mrs. Margaret E. Born, who has three children—Carl P., who is engaged in the plumbing business at Beechland, Ohio; Arthur W., who is connected with the Patterson Supply Company ; and Mrs. Eleanor Vondenstein, of Cleveland. The death of Mr, Vaupel occurred November 14, 1872, and his wife, long surviving him, passed away in 1899. He was ever a public-spirited and progressive citizen, interested in whatever pertained to the welfare of the community along the lmes of substantial reform and upbuilding. He was especially active during the war in raising funds wherewith to prosecute hostilities, for he was a most earnest advocate of the Union cause. He was, however, too old for active duty at the front, having passed the age limit. In his earlier manhood he was a member of the Methodist church but subsequently united with the Presbyterian church and served as one of its elders. His political allegiance was ever given to the republican party from the time of its organization and he kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day, believing firmly in its principles. He sustained an unassailable reputation for integrity in business affairs, for loyalty m citizenship and for faithfulness in friendship. His sterling traits of character were many and won for him the high regard, honor and respect of all with whom he was brought in contact. THOMAS WEST. Thomas West, the founder of one of the first banking institutions on the west and for years a prominent and highly respected business man of Cleveland, born near London, England, June 10, 1840. From the age of ten years he resided in Cleveland, at which time he came to this country with his father, mother and sister. His parents are both now deceased but his sister survives and is Mrs. James Pellett, a resident of Lakewood. The father was a bookkeeper, devoting his life to that pursuit. After the arrival of the family in Cleveland Thomas West pursued his education in the west side schools and was graduated from the West high school on Kentucky street, of which Mr. Hopkinson was then principal. Even as a boy he was industrious and frugal, devoting his time outside of school hours to the care of furnaces, pumping church organs and to selling papers. He was a most dutiful son, never neglecting the commands of his parents and the admirable traits which he displayed in his boyhood found expression in most honorable characteristics in later years. At the time of the Civil war he entered the navy, with which he served until honorably discharged in 1863. Returning to Cleveland, he secured a position in the First National Bank, where he remained for thirty-two years, during which time he was advanced through successive promotions, holding all the intermediate positions from clerk to cashier. He then resigned the cashiership to become the founder of one of the first banking institutions of the west side and as its secretary and treasurer he served for fourteen years, or until the time of his demise, which occurred September 12, 19o7. He was the chief executive 112 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND officer of the institution, having the practical management of the business and his long previous experience in banking well qualified him for the conduct of what became the most important moneyed concern of the west side. On the 27th of August, 1884, Mr. West was married to Miss Josephine A. Solloway, a daughter of Daniel P. and Ann (Halloway) Solloway, of England, who came to Cleveland at an early day. The father established his home here about 1830 and conducted a packing business, supplying vessels with meat. He was one of the prominent pioneer citizens and had wide and favorable acquaintance among the representative business men. Mr. West gave his political allegiance to the republican party and fraternally was connected with the Masons and the Odd Fellows. A devoted member of the Episcopal church, he served as senior warden of the Church of the Ascension of Lakewood for many years and in other ways took active and helpful part in church work and the extension of its influence. He never regarded the accumulation of wealth as the sole aim and end of life but gave his business interests their due relative position, dividing his time and attention with those interests which have bearing upon the social, intellectual and moral progress of the community. He died September 12, 1907, at the family residence in Lakewood and among an extensive circle of congenial friends his loss has been deeply felt. WARREN FARR. Warren Farr, founder and promoter of the Farr Brick Company, one of the most extensive productive industries of the city, in the course of an active career made steady and consecutive progress which brought him from a humble position in the business world to one of prominence. He was born in Medina county, Ohio, in 1845. His father, Thomas Jefferson Farr, was a native of the state of New York, whence he removed to Pennsylvania and later to Ohio. He married Sarah Korecky, and, establishing their home in Medina county, Ohio, they there reared their family, Warren Farr pursuing his education in the public schools. In 1873 he arrived in Cleveland where he believed that a large city offered better opportunities than he could secure in his home county. A seminary education constituted the foundation for his progress in the business world and before his removal to Cleveland he engaged in teaching school. After reaching this city he acted as assistant market superintendent of both the east and west side markets, filling the position most efficiently. He then took the contract for cleaning the streets of the city and doing teaming by contract. He made arrangements to do the teaming for the Cleveland Sawmill & Lumber Company for a time and was engaged in the sewer contracting business at a later date. As he needed brick for the work on paving contracts which were awarded him, his attention was naturally directed to the business opportunities furnished in the line of brick manufacture and he purchased a small brickyard of Mr. Gill- more. He began to make brick on a limited scale but thereby laid the foundation for the immense business of the Farr Brick Company. He devoted the remainder of his life to brick manufacture. His early output was about fifteen thousand bricks per day but later he enlarged the capacity of the plant to thirty thousand per day and since his sons have come into the ownership of the business the capacity has been further increased until it is now capable of turning out one hundred thousand daily, the capacity being about thirty million brick annually. The plant is located at the foot of Reeves avenue and is equipped with all modern machinery for the conduct of the business. Mr. Farr gave close study to the opportunities of the trade as well as to the processes of manufacture and the best methods of introducing his product to the market and as the years passed on he won substantial success, bringing him to a prominent position among the representatives of industrial life in Cleveland. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 115 Mr. Farr was married in Medina county to Miss Mary Ann Nye, who survives him, and unto them were born four children : Mrs. Ida M. Williams, now of Vancouver ; Mrs. Agnes N. Starkweather ; and Herbert J. and Ernest W., who are carrying on the business established by their father. Herbert J. married Florence E. Barney and has two children, Ruth A. and Herbert J., Jr. Ernest W. married Zetta A. Wightman. Mr. Farr was a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and also of the Foresters. In politics he was an active republican and frequently a delegate to conventions, while in local political circles he exercised considerable influence, his opinions carrying weight in the councils of his party. He held membership in the Methodist church and was greatly interested in everything pertaining to the material, political, intellectual, social and moral progress of the community. The end came when he passed away December 26, 1903. He was but in his prime and it seemed that his life's labors closed too suddenly, but in the fifty-eight years which were allotted to him he accomplished much in a business way and was, moreover, a prominent factor in the moral progress of the community by reason of an honorable, upright life. JAMES EDWARD CORLETT. The name of Corlett is found on the early records of Cuyahoga county and Long before Cleveland even dreamed of attaining its present commercial and industrial importance or thought to rank with the leading cities of the country, James Edward Corlett, as a boy and youth, was familiar with the prominent landmarks of the county and with the events which were shaping its history. He was born in the village of Newburg, September 3o, 1839. His parents, William B. and Jane (Cannell) Corlett, had come from the Isle of Man with a party of emigrants in 1827. They located in what was then the village of Newburg, the father leasing a plot of ground of fifty acres, which he afterward purchased for five hundred dollars. This was the second purchase made from the Connecticut Land Company. who had bought the Western Reserve from the Indians. He not only tilled his fields but also conducted a blacksmith shop on his farm, continuing in active business until 1859, when he retired and spent the succeeding decade in well earned rest, being at the end of that time, in 1869, called to the home beyond. He was one of the early and prosperous pioneers, through his thrift and economy accumulating a very substantial fortune which was later inherited by his sons. Charles and James. The Cannell family was also an early one here, as Patrick Cannell, the grandfather of our subject, settled in Newburg in 1826, being one of the early ministers of the gospel in the vicinity. James E. Corlett pursued his education in the old little white schoolhouse which was located on what is now the corner of Union and Rice avenues. He continued his studies there for sixteen years, but at the age of twenty-one put aside his text-books and devoted his entire attention to the work of assisting his father on the home farm. In 1871 he purchased the school building in which he had pursued his studies in his boyhood days, removed it to the old homestead and with his family occupied it until the death of his mother in 1880, when he took up his abode in the old family residence which his father had built. He was continually connected with agricultural interests until his death on the 6th of June, 1901. His life in a measure was quiet and uneventful in that he never sought to figure prominently in public affairs, but the substantial qualities of his manhood won him the honor and respect of all who knew him. He prospered as the years went by and in 1888 he sold twenty-six acres of his farm for five hundred dollars per acre, which sum was the original price that his father had paid for fifty acres in 1827. 116 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND On the r5th of May, 1872, Mr. Corlett was married to Miss Mary M. Day, a daughter of Leonard and Louisa (Burlingame) Day, who came from the east and settled in Sheffield, Lorain county, in pioneer times. Mrs. Corlett's father died when she was but three months old, after which she went to live with an aunt, coming to Cleveland in 1855. In 1862 her aunt removed to a farm on Kinsman street, where Mrs. Corlett remained until her marriage. She is now historian for the Reunion of Teachers and Scholars of the little white school, which she as well as her husband attended and from which have gone out men who are today most prominent and well known. Mrs. Corlett has acted as historian for thirteen years and has gained comprehensive knowledge concerning those who in youth mastered the elementary branches of learning in that school. She is a most well preserved woman, of keen intellect and of kindly spirit, and is esteemed and loved by all who know her. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Corlett were born eleven children: Mary Louise, who was born February 20, 1874, and died March 28, 1875; Edna Viola, who was born December 17, 1875, and is the wife of Dr. Guy Harwell of Cleveland ; Harriet May, who was born July 29, 1876, and is the wife of George Snell, of Toledo ; Charlotte Jane, born June 26, 1878 ; Mary Lucille, born April 23, 188o; Mona Catherine, who was born August 23, 1881, and died February 6, 1902; Lillian, born April 4, 1883; Claribel, who was born January 30, 1885; James Edward, who was born November 9, 1887, and died May 18, 1889; Thomas Norton, who was born March 10, 1889, and is now attending the Western Reserve University ; and Delane, born December 22, 1893. Several times has the family circle been broken by the hand of death and in 19oi the husband and father passed away, to the deep regret of all who knew him. In his community he had served as road supervisor and school director for many years and he attended the Methodist church. His influence was always on the side of right and progress and his word was as good as any bond solemnized by signature or seal. While a most respected and worthy citizen, he preferred the quiet of home life and to his family was most devoted, considering no effort or sacrifice on his part too great if it would promote the welfare and happiness of his wife and children. EDWARD J. ROBINSON. Edward J. Robinson, president and treasurer of the Water Works, Sewer & Paving Construction Company, incorporated as engineers and general contractors, with offices in the Citizens building of this city, is a man of broad-gauged ideas and remarkable force of character, capable of carrying out his plans no matter how difficult they may be. He was born August 23, 1864, in London, England, a son of Edward Glyndwr and Elizabeth (Maidwell) Robinson, the former born in Liverpool, England, December 18, 1837, and the latter in Wales, March 26. 1839. They were married in London. The mother is still living and now makes her home in Cleveland. The education of Edward J. Robinson was secured in private schools in London. His preliminary work was divided among several lines of business, but in 1884, when he began with the company erecting the water works at Sharon, Pennsylvania, he felt he had discovered what just suited him. He acted as assistant to the chief engineer who built the works, and later had charge of them for twenty years, thus securing a practical knowledge of the requirements of such a plant. In 1904, Mr. Robinson started in business for himself in Cleveland under the title of The Water Works Construction Company, an Ohio corporation, the name being changed later to the present one, The Water Works, Sewer & Paving Construction Company, with business confined to Cleveland and surrounding cities. Among other contracts, the company has built the plants of Sharon, Pennsylvania, West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, Falls Creek, Vermilion, Cleveland Heights and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 117 made many improvements for the Euclid Heights board and those of Cleveland Heights. Their equipment and facilities are unsurpassed, and their work cannot be outclassed by any other concern in a similar line. On July 30, 1891, Mr. Robinson married Mary Charlotte Bundell, who was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, and they have one daughter, Grace Maidwell, born December 19, 1897. Mr. Robinson is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner, and belongs to a number of other fraternal organizations. He is a member of Emmanuel Episcopal church of which he is choirmaster. In addition he belongs to the Ohio Chapter of the American Guild of Organists, and the 'Church Club of Cleveland. Mr. Robinson has won his way through his own ability, and has never been assisted by political backing in his business advancement, but only by his close attention to the duties of whatever position he occupied and the intelligence with which he did his work. CHARLES E. FERRELL. With appreciation for humor, with geniality and deference for the opinion of others, Charles E. Ferrell has firmly established himself in the regard of his fellow citizens, while his record in business has won him the confidence and the good will of all since he entered upon the struggle for a livelihood at an early age, the exigencies of fate forcing him to meet various difficulties and obstacles in life at a period when most boys are concerned with the attempt to acquire an education. He was born in Poland, Ohio, November 2, 1840. His father, William Ferrell, was of Scotch lineage and wedded Mary E. Bishop, a native of this state. The son spent his boyhood days in Atwater, Portage county, Ohio. He was left an orphan when but six months old and from early youth has made his own way in the world unaided. He acquired his education in the public schools of Atwater and also spent one year in Mount Union College. Later he was an officer at the State Industrial Home at Lancaster for one year before coming to Cleveland rn the latter part of 1865. He assisted in organizing the Industrial Home in this city, of which he was made assistant superintendent, occupying that position for ten years, while his father-in-law, Robert Waterton, was superintendent. Withdrawing from that position in 1895, he engaged in the real-estate business, in which he has since continued alone. His success therefore cannot be attributed to the aid or influence of another but has come as the direct result of his unfaltering labor, close application and the judgment which he displays in his investments. In early years he laid out and sold several all0ments but in more recent years has confined his attention largely to the commission branch of the business and the settlement of estates. He has established a reputation for integrity and fair dealing that has won for him many clients and gained for him the favorable regard of his colleagues in the same field of industry. He is now well known as a member of the Cleveland Real Estate Association and is the vice president of the West Cleveland Banking Company. He is also a member of the Chamber of Industry. His energy has brought, too, a constant expansion of his business interests until he now occupies a creditable place in real-estate circles. In politics Mr. Ferrell is a republican, believing in the worth of the party principles, yet he does not hesitate to cast an independent ballot if occasion demands. He belongs to the Highland Congregational church and is interested in its various activities and generously contributes to its support. For fourteen years he has been a trustee of the church and is now chairman of its finance committee. He likewise belongs to the Old Settlers Association and is much interested in all that pertains to the welfare of the city, giving hearty support to every interest which is a matter of civic virtue and civic. pride. On the 22d of June, 1865, Mr. Ferrell was married in Cleveland to Miss Minnie A. Waterton, a daughter of Robert Waterton, the superintendent and 118 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND organizer of the Cleveland Industrial Home, now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Ferrell became the parents of two daughters : Bessie, the widow of Franklin L, Baker ; and Mrs. J. C. Ross. Both are still residents of Cleveland. With a social disposition and a fund of good humor, Mr. Ferrell has long enjoyed the friendship of those with whom he has come in contact, his associates finding him a congenial and companionable gentleman. LOUIS A. OSBORN. Louis A. Osborn is a successful and enterprising representative of business interests in Cleveland as the president of the J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company, jobbers in tin plate, sheet iron, metals, tinners', roofers' and furnace men's supplies. His birth occurred in this city in 1865, his parents being James M. and Hulda A. (Wheeler) Osborn, the former a native of New York and the latter of Michigan. In 1878 R. P. Meyers and James M. Osborn organized the Myers, Osborn Company for the manufacture of stoves and jobbing in tin and sheet mill supplies. It is one of the pioneers in this line of activity in Cleveland, the business being started by R. P. Myers in 1859. Until his death, in May, 1909, M. J. Osborn was associated in business with his son Louis and was long numbered among the prosperous, respected and representative residents of this city. His wife, who came to Cleveland in early life, is yet living and has an extensive circle of friends here. Louis A. Osborn attended the public schools in the acquirement of an education and after putting aside his text-books entered the employ of his father in the capacity of shipping clerk, being gradually promoted to positions of greater responsibility as he demonstrated his faithfulness and capability in the discharge of the duties entrusted to his care. In 1888 the style of the concern was changed to the J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company and manufacturing was discontinued, the establishment being converted into a jobbing house. The business was incorporated in 1901 and they now enjoy an extensive and gratifying trade as dealers in tin plate, sheet iron, metals, tinners', roofers', and furnace men's supplies. Most of their business is done in the central west. As the president of the company, Mr. Osborn has earned for himself an enviable reputation as a careful man of business, and in his dealings is known for his prompt and honorable methods. He is also interested in a number of other concerns, among them being the Merwin Manufacturing Company. The latter is the firm which manufactures most of the products handled by the Osborn company. In 1893 Mr. Osborn was united in marriage to Miss Emily L. Baldwin, of Youngstown, Ohio. Their children are three in number, namely : William B., Lucretia M. and Mary Elizabeth. Mr. Osborn exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is a devoted and consistent member of the First Baptist church. He has gained many friends during his life-long residence in this city and has won for himself favorable regard in business circles in recognition of his enterprise, his alert and energetic spirit and his successful accomplishment. JOHN HENRY DREMANN. John Henry Dremann is the president and general manager of the Fuller Cleaning Company, today controlling the most extensive establishment of the kind in the city. Bending his energies to its further development, he is meeting with that success which comes from close application and intelligently applied energy. He was born in Cleveland, September 6, 1854, and is the eldest of the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 121 children of John H. and Margaret (Frese) Dremann. The father, born in Hanover, Germany, September 21, 1831, was brought to America in 1843, when a youth of twelve years, at which time he became a resident of Cleveland, although later he removed to St. Louis, Missouri, where at the beginning of the Civil war he enlisted in the Union army, serving under command of General "Siegel. In the midst of the war he returned home with health wrecked by the hardships and rigors of his military experience and passed away on the 21st of September, 1863. In Cleveland, in 1853, he had married Margaret Frese, and to them were born five children : John Henry, of this review ; Herman Gerhart ; Clara Margaret, the widow of William H. Wischmeier ; Anna; and Louise, the wife of William E. Meyer. In the schools of St. Louis John Henry Dremann pursued his education until nine years of age, when the family removed to Springfield, Illinois, where he continued his studies in a parochial school. He was there engaged in various business enterprises until 1896, when he returned to Cleveland and became associated with the Fuller Cleaning Company, which was established in 1870 by John M. Fuller and was the pioneer enterprise of this character in the city. From a modest beginning it has gradually developed under the wise and capable management of Mr. Dremann and his associates until it is the largest business of the kind in the city, the operating plant being equipped with the most modern apparatus obtainable, and has a number of Aero wagons with the modern vacuum system equipment. On Mr. Fuller's retirement his interests were purchased by Mr. Dremann and the business was incorporated under the name of the Fuller Cleaning Company, with Mr. Dremann as president and general manager. Many new features have been added from time to time, among them the house cleaning and rug manufacturing departments. The business has always been conducted with a view of producing something new and original and "The Fuller Way" has become a synonym for the best obtainable in this field of labor. The extent of the business, exceeding that of all other houses of this character in the state, is significant of the honorable and enterprising methods of the firm. On the 4th of May, 1876, Mr. Dremann was married to Miss Mary Elizabeth Schwentker, a daughter of William and Mary Elizabeth (Clausing) Schwentker, of Cleveland. Their children, five in number, are : Mollie Elizabeth, Louisa Margaret, Anna Caroline, John Henry, Jr., and Walter William. The family residence is at No. 7706 Lawnview avenue, Northeast. The parents are members of the Protestant Lutheran church and Mrs. Dremann is very active in mission and charitable work in connection with the church and is a member of the Ladies Aid Society. Mr. Dremann gives his political allegiance to the republican party on national questions, casting an independent local ballot. He belongs to the Lutheran Benefit Order, of which he has served as one of the trustees for many years, and is also a member of Tippecanoe Club. He finds rest and recreation in driving and motoring but allows no interests of this character to interfere with the conduct of his business, which, capably controlled, has brought him substantial and gratifying success. A close study of the needs of the business and unremittmg application, combined with inflexible integrity in commercial matters, have gained him the admiration, trust and respect of his fellowmen. JACOB WEISKOPF. Jacob Weiskopf, proprietor since 1875 of a thriving business in woolen rags and paper stock, with office and warehouse at 1575 Merwin street, was born in Austria, January 6, 1854, his parents being Alexander and Anna Weiskopf. The father, whose birth occurred in Austria in 1813, was a horse dealer and was killed by a fractious horse in 1877. He was survived by the mother for over twenty years, her death occurring in 1898. Our subject's paternal grandfather, Ben- 122 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND jamin Weiskopf, also a native of Austria, was born in 1764 and died in 1865, having passed the century mark. He was survived by his wife for about five months and she had reached the advanced age of ninety-eight years at the time of her death. Jacob Weiskopf attended the Austrian schools until fourteen years of age and then entered a dry-goods store as a clerk, continuing there until his eighteenth year. He then came to the United States and located in Cleveland, where he worked in the cooper -shop of the Standard Oil Company for six months. Later he was employed as a clerk in the grocery store of Henry Goldsmith for three years and for a year and a half was a junk peddler. He was next employed as manager for the firm of Stone Brothers, who were his brothers-in-law and proprietors of a woolen rag business, remaining with them for eighteen years. Since then he is engaged in business on his own account as a wholesale dealer in woolen rags and paper stock and has met with most excellent success. On the 21st of November, 1875, Mr. Weiskopf was married in Cleveland to Miss Rosie Stone, a daughter of Joseph Stone, who came to Cleveland from Austria in 1873, accompanied by his family of twelve children, all of whom married in this city and were present at the death of their father in 1890. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Weiskopf were born three children : Ray, who is now the wife of Joseph Goodman, a member of the firm of Strauss Brothers & Company ; and Henry and Charles, who are now engaged in business with their father. Mr. Weiskopf is particularly proud of his grandchildren, of whom he has five, his daughter having two sons-Lewis M. and Russell A. Goodman—while his son Henry has three children—Edward A., Morris and Elsbeth Weiskopf. The family residence is at 8017 Whitehorn avenue. Mr. Weiskopf is of Hebrew faith and is a member of the National Union. The lad who came timidly to America, hoping to win for himself a place in the new world, has more than fulfilled his dreams and in addition enjoys the pleasures of a wide friendship. CHARLES C. CORLETT. Charles C. Corlett, for years a well known representative of agricultural pursuits in Cuyahoga county, Ohio, was born in the village of Newburg, December 27, 1841, and passed to his final rest May 18, 1906. His parents, William B. and Jane (Cannell) Corlett, had come from the Isle of Man with a party of emigrants in 1827. They located in what was then the village of Newburg, the father leasing a plot of ground of fifty acres, which he afterward purchased for five hundred dollars. This was the second purchase made from the Connecticut Land Company, who had bought the Western Reserve from the Indians, He not only tilled his fields but also conducted a blacksmith shop on his farm, continuing in active business until 1859, when he retired and spent the succeeding decade in well earned rest, being at the end of that time, in 1869, called to the home beyond. He was one of the early and prosperous pioneers, through his thrift and economy accumulating a very substantial fortune which was later inherited by his sons, Charles and James. The Cannell family was also an early one here as Patrick Cannell, the grandfather of our subject, settled in Newburg in 1826, being one of the early ministers of the gospel in the vicinity. Charles C. Corlett, reared in his parent's home, pursued his education in the old Manx school until about seventeen years of age and through the periods of vacation assisted his father on the home farm. After putting aside his textbooks he continued to work in the fields upon the old homestead until 1869, when he was married. In 1870 he leased the farm upon which the family now reside from his father and continued to engage in general agricultural pursuits thereon until 1880, when his mother died. The farms, through the terms of the will, were HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 123 then inherited by t e sons and Charles Corlett received the one which he had rented. He continued to engage in farming until his demise and the rich and productive tract of land responded readily to the care and labor which he bestowed upon it, returning to him generous and abundant harvests. It was on Christmas day of 1869 that Mr. Corlett wedded Miss Belle A. Corlett, who though of the same name was not a relative. Her parents were Captain William and Catherine (Gill) Corlett, who came from the Isle of Man to Cleveland in 1828. Her father was a sailor and became a captain on the lakes. He sailed a vessel to Chicago in 1829, when there was a fort and a few log cabins on the site of the present populous city. He remained upon the lakes until 1851, when he purchased a farm in Warrensville and thereon spent his remaining days, his attention being given to general agricultural pursuits. His daughter, Mrs. Corlett, was born in Warrensville, now Shaker Heights, April 9, 185o, and has resided all her life in this city, living for over forty years in her present home, which is located in Newburg. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Corlett were born ten children: Ida B., who was born September 25, 1870, and died April 17, 1900; Catherine J., who was born August 5, 1872, and is the wife of George Emmke, a machinist of Newburg; William W., a farmer of Newburg, who was born September 29, 1874, and married Miss Bertha Hoppea; Mabel A., who was born December 15, 1878, and is the widow of John Kupps ; Frank N., who was born April 14, 1881, and died April 9, 1884; Ora E., who was born September 23, 1883; Charles E., who was born November 27, 1885, and is a carpenter by trade; Martha R., born October 18, 1887; Jessie A., who was born June 24, 1890, and is the wife of William Kenworthy; and Minerva, born September 5, 1893. In his political views Mr. Corlett was a stalwart democrat and was recognized as one of the local leaders of the party. He filled various offices, serving as councilman, school director and road supervisor of Newburg, his official service covering many years. He was at all times recognized as one of the prominent men of the locality and his influence was always on the side of right, progress, reform and improvement. He attended the Methodist church and was esteemed by all who knew him for his many sterling traits of heart and mind. ALEXANDER M. JOHNSON. The history of Cleveland would be considered incomplete and unsatisfactory were there failure to make definite mention of Lakewood's honored and valued citizen, Alexander M. Johnson, the oldest native son of this city and a most prominent representative of the pioneer days. His father, Jonathan Johnson, came to Cleveland in 1814 and his residence occupied the first lot east of the one on which the opera house on Euclid avenue now stands. He was a lake captain, closely connected with the early navigation interests. In 1821 he married Minerva Allen, a native of Black Rock, New York, now a part of Buffalo. She was a lady noted for her musical talent and vocal accomplishments, sharing the honors in that line in the Western Reserve with only one other. At the time of her marriage the husband took up his abode in the family home on Euclid avenue. His death occurred in 1856 and Mrs. Johnson, long surviving, passed away in 1871. It was in that home that Alexander M. Johnson was born February 19, 1823, and in the intervening years he has seen the city grow from a hamlet of three hundred and fifty inhabitants to one of the leading metropolitan centers of the country, classed with the ten largest American cities. He remembers well the old block courthouse and various events of the early days made deep impress in his mind. He relates the circumstance of Lorenzo Dow delivering a sermon from a stump at the foot of Water street in the '30s. Mr. Johnson says his father brought the first baby carriage to Cleveland, making the purchase at Buffalo when on 124 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND one of his lake trips. The occasion of the investment was the birth of twins in 1834. The boy afterward became well known as Captain Henry Johnson, while the girl, Helen Jane, became the wife of Joseph Bezneer. Levi Johnson, an uncle of Alexander M. Johnson, came to Cleveland in 1809. He, too, was a captain on the Lakes and a pioneer shipbuilder, who became a very prominent and wealthy citizen of Cleveland. He made investment m realty here and was the builder of the Johnson block and the Marine block. He also built lighthouses at different ports on Lake Erie and died in 1871 at an advanced age. Sufficient has been said to indicate that the Johnsons were among the prominent and honored pioneer families of Cleveland, closely connected with the early development and substantial improvement of this city. Alexander M. Johnson pursued his education in the district schools. In 1835 the father moved his family to Ashtabula and he soon afterward began his business career by borrowing money from his mother and engaging in the grocery business at the Harbor when eighteen years of age. He continued to conduct a store successfully for several years, after which he sold out and turned his attention to the lumber business in Michigan, with which he was connected for six years. On his return to Cleveland in 1874 he engaged in gardening in Lakewood, a business which he pursued profitably until 1900, when he retired. On the 16th of November, 1848, Mr. Johnson was married to Miss Sarah E. Childs, of Ashtabula, Ohio, who died in Lakewood in 1892. They were the parents of five children, namely : Sarah. Minerva, the deceased wife of Frank Wetherell, of Ashtabula, her death occurring in 1897; Alfred A., making his home on a ranch in Modesto, California; James William, with whom the father resides, vho has for several years been street commissioner of Lakewood ; Lawrence, a resident of San Antonio, Texas; and Walter B., who died in 1882 at the age of twenty years. Mr. Johnson is a member of the Early Settlers Association of Cuyahoga county and assisted Robert Cowan, aged ninety-six years, and Newell Cozad at the one hundred and twelfth annual flag-raising in the public square in 1908, and Robert Cowan and J. M. Burgess at the one hundred and thirteenth annual flag- raising in the succeeding year. He can relate many interesting incidents of the pioneer times and his opinions are largely accepted as authority upon matters of local history. V. MUMFORD MOORE. V. Mumford Moore, secretary and general manager of the Chisholm & Moore Manufacturing Company, was born at Newtown, Long Island, New York, September 12, 1851. Newtown is now a part of greater New York but the old homestead in which Mr. Moore was born still stands in a splendid state of preservation, although over two hundred years old. His father, Samuel H. Moore, was born in New York city in 1822. Early in life he tried farming on Long Island, but this not proving congenial, he returned to the city and engaged in the wholesale produce business, in which he remained for many years. He married Elizabeth Ann Sammis, of New York city, and to them were born two sons and five daughters. V. Mumford Moore received his early education in the Fairchilds Institute at Flushing, Long Island, and later took a course in the Polytechnique Institute in Brooklyn, graduating with the class of 1867. His father's store presented a business opening for the young man and in his seven years' association with the concern he gained a wide and valuable commercial experience. When the family removed west Mr. Moore went with them and resided for about one year in Madison, Wisconsin. They then concluded to go to Chicago and there he and his father and brother organized the firm of S. H. & E. Y. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 127 Moore, dealers in wholesale hardware and iron. This was subsequently merged into the Moore Manufacturing Company, with the subject of the sketch as secretary and treasurer. The company continued in succesfull operation in Chicago for about fifteen years. In 1888, however, they removed to Milwaukee, where under the name of the Moore Manufacturing & Foundry Company it held a secure place among the industrial concerns of the city for nine years. In 1897 those at the head of the Moore Manufa,:furing Company became of the opinion that Cleveland afforded superior advantages for the manufacturing of their specializes and with this conviction they came to the city and enrolled themselves among her large enterprises. They continued for one year under the old name and then reorganized as the Chisipirn & Moore Manufacturing Company, with Mr. Moore as secretary and genet- tl manager. The company manufacture chain hoists, trolleys and other specialties, many of which are the inventions of the Moores. Also among their output are malleable iron castings and kindred commodities. The plant, which is an extensive one, is situated at Lakeside avenue, northeast, between Forty-ninth and Fifty-third streets. Mr. Moore, in 1879, was united in marriage to Miss Ida Louise Aldridge, who died in 1893. Three daughters were born to them. The eldest, Hellene A., died at the age of two and a half years ; Elizabeth L. married J. E. Saw- hill and now resides in Oregon ; and Louise M. resides in Cleveland with her father. Mr. Moore is a well known club man, holding membership in a number of the Forest city's important organizations, both social and athletic, the most of these being a pleasant combination of the two. They include the Colonial Club, the Mayfield Country Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Cleveland Aero Club, and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Moore is also a member of the American Iron and Steel Institute and the Merchants Marine League. He was formerly an enthusiastic bicyclist but since that sport became passe he extracts his greatest comfort and recreation from his automobile. He is, however, very catholic in his athletic tastes and warmly advocates all out-of-door games and amusements. Politically he gives his adherence to the republican party, and though reared an Episcopalian, is now a member of the Second Presbyterian church. Mr. Moore displays many of the traits of the ideal citizen, combining with splendid executive ability and business acumen, social and fraternal proclivities and a public-spirited desire to do all in his power to further the interests of the whole social body. THOMAS H. BROOKS. Thomas H. Brooks is a member of one of the old colonial families of America that has been represented in the Western Reserve from pioneer times. His father, the late Dr. Martin L. Brooks, was one of Cleveland's beloved physicians for nearly a half century. Hezekiah Brooks, the pioneer of the family in the Western Reserve, came from Berlin, Hartford county, Connecticut, in 1818, bringing with him his wife and children, then three in number, and several relatives. They made a seven weeks' journey through the almost unbroken wilderness with teams and settled near LaPorte in Carlisle township, Lorain county, Ohio, where Hezekiah Brooks followed farming through the remainder of his life. Dr. Martin L. Brooks was born December 7, 1812, in Berlin, Connecticut, and was six years of age when the family came to Ohio. He was the eldest of thirteen children. Soon after the arrival of the Brooks family in the new country other pioneer residents came and the parents, ambitious to educate their chil- 128 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND dren, soon opened a school, which Martin L. Brooks attended to the age of sixteen years, when an accident occurred which probably had much to do with shaping his future life. While hauling logs he in some manner sustained a fracture of the leg. When he had partially recovered but was not yet fitted for manual labor, his father, not wishing the son to remain idle, placed him as a student in the academy of the Rev. Henry Lyon, at Brownhelm—the first classical school in the entire section. His ambitions once aroused, there was no return to the farm for him and after spending two years at the academy he continued his education in Elyria, Ohio, and afterward went to Oberlin, remaining a student there for two years, during which time Charles G. Finney also entered that institution. While attending school at Oberlin it was Mr. Brooks' good fortune to hear William Lloyd Garrison and as the result of the interest in the slavery question which the latter awakened, Dr. Brooks early became imbued with the anti-slavery spirit of that great champion of human liberty, and on the 4th of July, 1833, he made the first speech on abolition ever delivered at Oberlin, coming out firm and square against slavery. This caused much excitement and talk in the little town, which was destined afterward to become one of the greatest abolition centers of the north. It is popularly supposed that Oberlin College was founded on anti-slavery principles from the first, but this is erroneous, as the trustees did not adopt the principles of anti-slavery until some time after Dr. Brooks made his maiden speech in its defense. After leaving Oberlin Dr. Brooks went to Cincinnati, where he engaged in teaching school, and subsequently taught a large school for negroes at Gallipolis, Ohio, numbering among his pupils many freed slaves. This school, of which he had charge for two years, was under the patronage of the presbytery of Chillicothe. While there he aroused the antipathy of the townsfolk by his outspoken defense of the colored race. At one time a number of his friends had to guard his house from ruffians who threatened his life, and on another occasion he was attacked on a lonely road but, being mounted on a good horse, made his escape. Contrary to the advice of his friends, he boldly came forth and had his assailants arrested and placed in jail. During his sojourn there he was also a member of the famous underground railway system and many fugitive slaves had occasion to thank him for his aid in assisting them to freedom in Canada. In this connection Dr. Brooks related how one night, just as he was starting from a friendly farm house with a load of hay, under which there was a small colony of little darkies, the good hostess came out to him and raising both hands to Heaven she brought them down on his strong young shoulders with a fervent "God bless you, my boy." On the conclusion of his labors in Gallipolis Dr. Brooks attended a course of lectures at the Medical College of Ohio, in Cincinnati, but as his funds became exhausted he went to Kaskaskia, Illinois, where he remained in business for three years. During that period he was at one time brought into close contact with Abraham Lincoln, who even at that early day impressed Dr. Brooks as being a remarkable man. In 1842 he returned to Cincinnati and completed his medical studies, being graduated in 1844. After spending some time in a hospital in that city he located at Patriot, Indiana, a small town on the Ohio river, where he remained until the spring of 1848, when, feeling that his labors were circumscribed by the narrow borders of the place, he removed to Cleveland, which city remained his home throughout the rest of his days. His practice steadily grew, as did his medical reputation and as steadily he advanced in the respect and affection of the community. His practice in Cleveland covered a period of more than forty- five years, during which time he enjoyed well earned distinction as a successful and capable family physician. During the Civil war Dr. Brooks had charge of the United States Marine Hospital as surgeon and he was for years a censor in the medical department of the University of Wooster, while later he was censor of the medical department of the Western Reserve University. He was also honored with the, first presidency of the Cuyahoga County Medical Society. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 129 For a number of years after the close of the Civil war Dr. Brooks was associated in practice with Dr. H. J. Herrick, his son-in-law, but during the last quarter of a century his active connection with the profession was alone. He practiced in all departments, never confining his attention to a specialty, but engaged in family practice, office consultation being of secondary consideration. His life was ever an extremely busy one. Aside from his profession he took great interest in politics and public questions, though he never sought political preferment. Originally he was connected with the whig party but on the formation of the republican party to prevent the further extension of slavery he identified himself with that organization. He was also deeply interested in religious matters and was an elder in the Second Presbyterian church of Cleveland for forty years. At Kaskaskia, Illinois, on the 8th of December, 1839, Dr. Brooks was married to Miss Rebecca F. Hope, a daughter of Captain Thomas Hope, of Hampton, Virginia, the Hope family being one of the oldest and most pronounced pro-slavery families of that state. Mrs. Brooks passed away about twelve years prior to the death of her husband, who about seven years before his demise retired from active practice because of advancing age. He died after a few weeks' illness June io, 1899, sincerely mourned and beloved by all who knew him. Under the caption of "A Beloved Physician," a Cleveland paper said editorially of Dr. Brooks : "Full of years and rich in the garnered friendships of a half-century's busy life, Dr. Martin L. Brooks has passed from an earth that he did much to make pleasant for poor humanity. He was an honor and an ornament to the noblest of professions, and in that branch of the service which he made peculiarly his own, that of family physician, he endeared himself to grateful thousands. His smile was a light in the sickroom and his cheering words have brought hope to countless despairing souls. He had schooled himself to conceal his natural fears and anxieties—perhaps it was a heaven-sent faculty—and to the ailing ones he seemed more the tender, sympathetic friend than the watchful and heavy burdened physician. For many years he was known as 'Old Dr. Brooks' but it was ever a term of affectionate regard. He early aged in appearance and many of our older citizens well remember that he bore a venerable air for a quarter of a century or more. But though time left its impress freely on the outer crust of the man it never touched his heart. There was sadness in many homes when the news of his death was read, for no man beyond the border of the hearthstone is quite so dear as he who has lightened the pain or, mayhap, shared the sorrows of the family circle, and it is as such a friend and comforter that the dear old doctor's memory will be best revered and longest cherished." Unto Dr. and Mrs. Brooks were born a daughter and two sons : Mary, who became the wife of Dr. H. J. Herrick, of Cleveland ; Martin L., who was a physician engaged in practice at Newburg, where he died ; and Thomas H. The last named was born in Patriot, Indiana, October io, 1846, and was but one year of age when his parents established their home in Cleveland. His early education was acquired in the public schools and afterward he entered Williams College, from which he was graduated in 187o. In 1875 he established the T. H. Brooks foundry and structural iron business. In 1890 the firm name was changed to T. H. Brooks & Company, which stands today as one of the foremost representatives of this line of business in the middle west, being exclusively engaged in the manufacture of structural iron and ornamental steel work. The plant is one of the most important productive industries of the city and the modern business methods which are employed and the high commercial principles which are followed in its conduct constitute this one of the leading business concerns of Cleveland. Mr. Brooks has also figured prominently in connection with financial interests, being one of the organizers of the East End Banking & Trust Company in 1890, while for several years he served as president of the organization until the same was merged with the Cleveland Trust Company. He is interested in a number of banks and manufacturing concerns of Cleveland. Mr. Brooks married Miss. Anna M. Curtiss. He is a member of the Second Presbyterian church and for a number of years has served on its board of trus- 130 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND tees. In politics he is a republican and is a well known club man, belonging to the University Club of New York and the Union, Country and Euclid Clubs of Cleveland. In this city, where his residence has been maintained from early childhood days, he has a wide acquaintance and such has been his course in life that young and old, rich and poor, speak of him in terms of highest respect. ANDREW SQUIRE. Andrew Squire, one of the eminent members of the Ohio bar, has in his practice made a specialty of corporation law, a department of the legal science which is growing more and more complex as the result of the rapid growth and development of business and the establishment of new lines of commercial and industrial activity. Specialization in practice is largely the outgrowth of conditions of the last century, and the eminent lawyers are they who, well grounded in the fundamental principles, have concentrated their energies upon the mastery of a particular line, gaining therein a degree of proficiency that could not be attained if time and effort were given to various branches of practice. Mr. Squire is well known in his professional relations as the senior partner of the firm of Squire,. Sanders & Dempsey, of Cleveland, and finds in the work of the courts of Ohio's metropolis scope for his energy and his ability in the field of labor which he has chosen as his life work, having an extensive clientage of a most important character. A native of Mantua, Portage county, Ohio, Andrew Squire was born October 21, 1850, and comes in both the paternal and maternal lines of New England ancestry. His parents were Dr. Andrew Jackson and Martha (Wilmot) Squire, the former a physician who was born in Ohio in 1815. As a pupil in the public schools of his native town Andrew Squire continued his studies to the age of eleven years, after which he entered the Western Reserve Eclectic Institute at Hiram, Ohio. His parents removing to that place in 1863, he continued in school there until the winter of 1866-7, when he entered upon a course of medical lectures in Cleveland. However, while pursuing his studies in that direction his interest became awakened in the law and he determined to prepare for that branch of professional service, giving his leisure hours to the mastery of Black- stone's Commentaries and Bouvier's Institutes. Following his graduation from Hiram in June, 1872, he came to Cleveland and entered regularly upon the study of law in October of that year in the office of Cadwell & Marvin. His thorough reading and the capabilitiy which he displayed in the mastery of legal principles secured his admission to the bar on the 3d of December, 1873, after passing the required examination before the supreme court at Columbus. Mr. Squire at once located for practice in Cleveland and upon the election of his former preceptor, Mr. Cadwell, to the common pleas bench he was admitted to a partnership by Mr. Marvin, the relation between them being maintained until January I, 1878. In the meantime Lieutenant Governor Alphonso Hart came to Cleveland and was admitted to the firm in 1875 under the style of Marvin, Hart & Squire, which relation was continued until Mr. Squire withdrew three years later to form a partnership with Mr. Estep. In the spring of 1882 the firm was further strengthened by the addition of Judge Dickey under the firm name of Estep, Dickey & Squire. On the 1st of January, 1890, however, Mr. Squire severed his connection with that firm and joined Judge William B. Sanders and James H. Dempsey in the existing firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey. His position at the bar almost from the beginning of his practice has been a prominent one, for his work as an advocate and counsel has been characterized by all the salient qualities of the successful practitioner who prepares his cases with thoroughness and care and is well fortified by knowledge of law and precedent for the presentation of his causes before court and jury. Mr. Squire is a clear HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 133 thinker, a logical reasoner and strong in argument and is well versed in those branches of the law to which he has given special attention. In recent years he has more and more largely concentrated his energies upon corporation law and is now the legal representative for some of the most prominent business concerns of the city, to whom his sage counsel, based upon comprehensive understanding of legal principles, proves a valuable asset in the conduct of their business. It is proverbial that law partnerships are of comparatively brief duration, but on the 1st of January, 1910, that of Mr. Squire as senior partner had existed for twenty years. He has become financially interested and also has voice in the management of the Bank of Commerce National Association ; is likewise a director of the Citizens Savings & Trust Company, the Cleveland Stone Company and other corporations ; a trustee of the Garfield Memorial Association and various other associations. Unlike many men the importance of whose business or professional interests place them above the majority of their fellows, Mr. Squire takes deep interest in the political situation of the country, recognizing his duty of citizenship in this regard and standing stanchly in support of the principles which he regards as vital elements in good government. He is a stalwart republican and in 1896 was a delegate to the St. Louis convention which nominated William McKinley for the presidency. He received the highest honors of Masonry when the thirty-third degree was conferred upon him, and he is prominent in club circles of the city, belonging to the University and Union Clubs of Cleveland and the University and New York Clubs of New York city. He is also a member of the Country Club of Cleveland and was elected to its presidency in 1909. In strictly professional relations he is connected with the American Bar Association and the International Bar Association. His activities are varied, touching the general interests of society, and his example and efforts are forceful factors toward the betterment of all conditions which bear upon the social, professional and intellectual life of the city. THOMAS J. GREEN. Thomas J. Green, numbered among the early residents of the Western Reserve, was born in Huntingdon county, Pennsylvania, July 16, 1824, and died March 8, 1891. He was a son of George and Mary (McKinney) Green. The Green family had its origin in England but was founded in Virginia when that state was still numbered among the colonial possessions of Great Britain. Later a removal was made to Pennsylvania where two of the Greens held the position of high sheriff of that state. Thomas Green, the grandfather, and other members of the family served loyally in the Revolutionary war and thus aided in establishing American independence. It was in the year 1826 that George Green came with his family to Ohio, settling at Claridon, where he carried on farming and milling. His cousin, John P. Bosely, had come to this state in 1820 and served as a member of the Ohio legislature in early days. Thomas J. Green was but two years old when the family home was established at Claridon and with the two elder members of the family he attended school there, acquiring a common English education. When not occupied with the tasks of the schoolroom he assisted his father on the farm and later gave his entire attention to the work of the fields, to dairying and to the operation of the sawmill, which his father owned. George Green lived for over fifty years upon the same farm and Thomas J. Green there remained for a short time after his father's death, when he removed to Hebron, Nebraska, where his last days were passed. On the 4th of December, 1847, Mr. Green was married to Miss Hannah J. Metzgar, a daughter of John E. Metzgar, who came from Wurtemberg, Germany, with his family in 1805 and settled in Philadelphia. He afterward re- 134 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND moved to Mercer county, Pennsylvania, in 1836. He wedded Elizabeth Kettler, of Philadelphia, and their children included Hannah J., who became Mrs. Green. She was born in Philadelphia, December 4, 1826, and came to the Western Reserve when a young lady of twenty years. There were still many evidences of Indian occupancy here and the city of Cleveland contained only a few hundred population, while many districts of the state were still undeveloped. By reason of her long residence here Mrs. Green is entitled to membership in the Old Settlers' Association, with which she is now connected. By her marriage she had two sons : Charles H. and John H. Green. The former, a farmer of Thompson, Geauga county, Ohio, married a Miss Malin, of a pioneer family there. They have two children, Elwyn and Edith, both graduates of the Thompson school. John H. Green, who has served the Chamber of Commerce for seventeen years as abstracter, married Eva Viets, of Lake county, Ohio, and they have six children living. In his political views Mr. Green was originally a democrat but in his later years became a republican and continued a stalwart supporter of the party until his demise. His religious faith was that of the Methodist church and his influence was always given on the side of right and truth and all projects for the moral uplift and betterment of the community. He was a member of one of the first societies that opposed the use of intoxicants, called the Washingtonian Temperance Society, of which Mrs. Green was the first member. Through her entire life she has upheld its basic principles. The honesty of his purpose, his clean record, his devotion to all that is upright in life made for Thomas J. Green many friends during the years of his residence in this city. ROBERT M. KLEMM. Robert M. Klemm has for three years been superintendent of the Empire Brass Manufacturing Company, his business life being characterized by steady progress since he started out on his own account at the age of fourteen years. He was born m Cleveland, August 28, 1867, and is a son of John A. and Louisa Klemm. He pursued his education to the age of fourteen years while spending his youthful days in his parents' home, and began providing for his own support as an employe in the grocery store of E. A. Palmer, with whom lie remained for three years. He afterward accepted a position as brass finisher in the brass foundry of Schneider & Trenkamp, with whom he continued for ten years and later spent a year and a half as finisher with the Forest City Brass Company. He was likewise employed in a similar capacity and for a similar period by the Farnan Brass Manufacturing Company, after which he spent six months as foreman with the Columbia Manufacturing Company. He next went to Collomsville, Pennsylvania, where he engaged with the Crescent Manufacturing Company, spending three years in that service. On returning to Cleveland he became superintendent of the American Brass Manufacturing Company, thus serving for three years, after which he was made superintendent of the Empire Brass Manufacturing Company. Each change that he has made has indicated a forward step, his progress resulting from the capability that he has developed through experience, close application and indefatigable energy. Mr. Klemm is a member of the Knights of the Maccabees and a republican in his political views. He was married on the 21st of April, 1890, in Cleveland, to Miss Elizabeth Lippman, and they have three children : Robert, sixteen years of age, a pupil in the Technical high school ; Ruth L., ten years of age ; and Ray, a lad of seven years. The last two are still in the grades of the public schools. The family residence is at No. 7507 Goodwalt avenue. Mr. Klemm holds a warm place in the affection of his friends and is regarded as a man of sound business sense. In all of his work and in the various connections of life he is practical and, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 135 recognizing the fact that advancement is secured through demonstrating the worth of one's labors, he has made his service of value to those whom he has represented and promotion has followed as a logical sequence until he is today holding a position of large responsibility as the superintendent of the Empire Brass Manufacturing Company. WARREN H. COFFEE. Without special advantages at the outset of his career, seeking for no favored circumstances or fortunate environment, Warren H. Coffee has made for himself the prominent position which he now occupies as proprietor of one of the leading merchant tailoring establishments not only of Cleveland but of the state. In its conduct he has instituted new methods, which have led to successful results. He was born in Mahoning county, Ohio, February 18, 1859. The family has long been represented in this state. His grandparents were John and Mary Coffee, the former coming to Ohio from Pennsylvania and taking up his abode in Salem. He was of the Quaker faith and became a member of the early Quaker colony of Columbiana county. His son, Isaac Coffee, born in Columbiana county in 1831, prepared for and followed the profession of law until his death, which occurred in 1859 at the comparatively early age of twenty-seven years. He had wedded Kate Hine, a daughter of Warren and Rhoda T. (Ticknor) Hine. Her father was one of the early settlers of the Western Reserve, establishing his home at Canfield, Mahoning county. He was one of six brothers who came across the country from Warren county with ox-teams. They settled first in the vicinity of Cleveland but, like many of the early pioneers, thought the locality unfavorable for farming and so removed to Mahoning county, where they secured tracts of land and carried on general agricultural pursuits. Warren H. Coffee, educated in the public schools of Canfield, Ohio, continued his studies through successive grades until graduated from the high school in 1876, after which he entered the Eastman Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York. Being thus qualified for a commercial career, he then went to Niles, Ohio, where he conducted a general store under the firm name of Church & Coffee and there did a prosperous business until 1882, when he came to Cleveland and engaged as traveling salesman for E. Rheinheimer. Nineteen years were spent upon the road and in 1901 he established an independent business venture in opening the tailoring house of W. H. Coffee & Company. From its inception the new enterprise was a radical departure from old methods. The store was fitted up with a view to the artistic, with unusual facilities for catering to high class trade and with a policy of producing none but the highest grades of men's apparel. The business met with instantaneous success and has enjoyed a remarkable growth, being today one of the largest concerns in the city and state. It is largely accepted as the standard in this line and the name of Coffee upon any garment of men's apparel is a guarantee of the quality of workmanship and of style. Mr. Coffee's prominence among the representatives of his special line of trade is indicated in the fact that he is a member of the governing board of the Merchant Tailors' National Protective Association and president of the local branch. He is also a member and one of the directors of the Cleveland Credit Men's Association and his opinions concerning commercial interests are received with interest and attention, for while often original they are at all times practical and have constituted resultant factors for successful accomplishments. He likewise belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and thus cooperates in organized movements for the upbuilding of the city. In his political views Mr. Coffee is a republican with independent tendencies, supporting at 'local elections those whose standards of citizenship and of personal 136 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND capability give promise of faithful performance of municipal duties. As a Mason, he belongs to Iris Lodge, F. & A. M.; Cleveland Chapter, R. A. M.; Holyrood Commandery, K. T.; and Al Koran Temple of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. On the 29th of June, 1898, Mr. Coffee was married to Miss Flora Warner, of Cleveland, a daughter of Captain George and Mary Warner. Her father was prominent in lake transportation circles as harbor master and was also at one time a member of the city council. Mr. and Mrs. Coffee reside on Mayfield Road in Cleveland Heights. Fishing and outdoor sports constitute his source of rest and recreation, and his social, genial qualities have given rise to his widespread popularity, while his carefully directed business enterprise has led to his prosperity. WILLIAM W. WHITACRE. A life of well directed activity brought to William W. Whitacre a substantial measure of success and also gained for him the respect and good will of his fellow townsmen, who saw in him those substantial elements which constitute the good citizen. He was born in New Lisbon, Ohio, January 23, 1851, and spent his last years in Cleveland, where he departed this life August 19, 1905. He represented one of the old colonial families founded in America in the eighteenth century, when representatives of the name located in Loudoun county, Virginia. There Caleb Whitacre, the great-grandfather of our subject, was born in 1755, while John Whitacre, the grandfather, was born in 1778. Both continued to reside in Loudoun county, where they followed farming. Robert Whitacre, the father of our subject, was born December 3. 1806, and in Washington, D. C., in May, 1839, he married Miss Elizabeth W. Wood, who was born January 13, 1821. They removed from Virginia to New Lisbon, Ohio, at an early day and were farming people of that district. Mrs. Whitacre was a descendant of Francis Scott Key, the author of The Star- Spangled Banner, and also a descendant of John Hoyt, who was born in 1610 and was the ancestor of those of the name who settled in America in the early part of the eighteenth century. William W. Whitacre was educated in the schools of Lisbon, completing the high-school course by graduation, after which he attended Alliance Acdemy for a period of two years. This completed his literary course, after which he began preparation for the practice of medicine and spent one year as a student in a medical college in Chicago. That length of time, however, convinced him that he did not care to continue and in 1872 he came to Cleveland, where he secured a position in the freight office of the Lake Shore Railroad Company, there remaining until 1888. He then became freight agent for the Empire freight line and was also contract agent for that line, in which connection he traveled extensively and attended to a large volume of business. He was thus engaged up to the time of his death, which occurred on the 19th of August, 1905. On the 26th of November, 1879, Mr. Whitacre was married to Miss Helen Pennock, a daughter of Henry and Jane (Force) Pennock, of Virginia and New Jersey, who made the overland trip to Marlboro, Stark county, Ohio, with their parents, arriving in this state in pioneer times. Her maternal grandfather was Mahlon Force and her great-grandfather was Isaac Force, who served as a Minuteman in the Essex county, New Jersey, militia during the Revolutionary war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Whitacre were born a son and daughter : William Henry, now of Cleveland ; and Elizabeth J., who became the wife of John B. Dood, who is engaged in the real-estate and building business. In his political views Mr. Whitacre was an earnest democrat for a considerable period but in later years became more independent and cast his ballot HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 139 without regard for political affiliation. He was a self-made man, whose business success was attributable entirely to his own labors. He was good, kind, generous and loving, had a wide acquaintance and by all who knew him was held in the highest esteem. There is nothing in his life history to interest those in search of a sensational chapter, but to the student who has appreciation for real values there is much that may be carefully pondered and considered. He gained many friends and at his own fireside displayed the best traits of his character, for he was devoted to the welfare of his family. WELLES KIRK STANLEY. Welles Kirk Stanley, who in December, 1900, was admitted to the Ohio bar and has since practiced in Cleveland, being now accorded a large and distinctively representative clientage, was born in Portsmouth, Ohio, November 12, 1873. From the early colonization of the new world the Stanley family has been represented in this country, the ancestry being traced back to John Stanley, who was born in England probably about 159o. He embarked for New England in 1634 but died on the passage. He was accompanied on the voyage by his son, Captain John Stanley, who was born in England in 1624, grew to manhood in this country and died at Farmington, Connecticut, December 19, 1705. His son Thomas Stanley, who was born November 1, 1649, died April 14, 1713. Thomas Stanley, Jr., the next in the line of direct descent,- was born October 31, 1696, and died October 13, 1755. He was the father of Timothy Stanley, who was born August 13, 1727, and died April 28, 1817, at the age of ninety years. His son and namesake Tim0hy Stanley, Jr., was born June 29, 1771, and in 1813 removed to Marietta, Ohio, where he passed away February 14, 1819. He was the father of Timothy Robbins Stanley, the grandfather of Welles Kirk Stanley, who was born in Hartford, Connecticut, May 14, 1810. In 1815 he became a resident of Marietta, Ohio, and occupied for many years a notable position among the distinguished men of the state. He represented Lawrence county in the Ohio legislature in 1846 and became state senator in 1860. The following year he was commissioned colonel of the Eighteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, later reorganized the regiment and was at its head at the battles of Stone River and Chickamauga. He also led his troops in many other important engagements and was commissioned brigadier general in 1865. After the war he took up his residence in Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he became a partner in a law firm, and in addition to the practice of his profession he became a charter member and vice president of the First National Bank of Chattanooga. His death occurred in that city, July 8, 1874. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Prudence Welles, was a daughter of Leonard Welles, a granddaughter of Solomon Welles and a great-granddaughter of Gideon Welles. The last named was a son of Captain Robert Welles, the grandson of John Welles and the great-grandson of Governor Thomas Welles, who came to America in 1636. He was private secretary to Lord Saye and Seyle and was governor of the colony of Connecticut in 1655 and again in 1658. Rev. Timothy Welles Stanley, the father of W. K. Stanley, was born at Millersport, Ohio, October 24, 1833, and died in Delaware, Ohio, May 19, 1883. He was a Methodist minister for twenty-five years, was a delegate to the general conference in 1876 and acted as secretary of the conference. He was graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1853 and became recognized as one of the leading divines of the Methodist ministry in Ohio, serving at different times as pastor of the churches of Columbus, Portsmouth, Lancaster and other cities. He married Jennie Kirk, who was born in Fayette county, Ohio, November 17, 1835, and was a daughter of Thomas and Elizabeth (Parrett) Kirk. Her grandfather, James Kirk, served in the war of 1812, en- 140 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND listing in Virginia. Her maternal grandfather, Frederick Parrett, came from Switzerland in 1740 and settled in Shenandoah county, Virginia. All of his six sons served in the Revolutionary war. Welles Kirk Stanley, a son of Rev. Timothy W. and Jennie (Kirk) Stanley, pursued his education in the public schools of Lancaster, Ohio, and in the Delaware high school, from which he was graduated in the class of 1890. He afterward matriculated in the Ohio Wesleyan University and won the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1895. His professional training was received in the Yale Law School, which conferred upon him the Bachelor of Law degree in 1900. In the meantime, from 1895 until 1898, he was in business in connection with a building and loan association in Troy, New York. Following his graduation from Yale, he was admitted to the bar and in December, 1900, located for practice in Cleveland. He entered the office of W. H. Boyd, with whom he remained for three years and then opened an independent office, since which time he has engaged successfully in general practice. He is a young man of determination and energy and thoroughly qualified for the profession. He gives to each case careful preparation and with strong and incontrovertible logic presents his cause before the courts. On the 8th of June, 1904, Mr. Stanley was married to Miss Grace Hiles, a daughter of Charles M. and Helen Hiles of Cleveland. They hold membership in the Calvary Presbyterian church and Mr. Stanley gives his political allegiance to the republican party. He is a popular representative of various social organizations, having in his college days become a member of the Beta Theta Pi and the Book and Gavel Society, the latter a Yale Law School organization. He is also a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club and of the East End Tennis Club. His lines of life have been cast in harmony with the record of an honorable ancestry, one that has long figured in connection with the history of America. RT. REV. WILLIAM A. LEONARD, D. D. Rt. Rev. William A. Leonard, D. D., one of the prominent divines of the Episcopal ministry, now bishop of the diocese of Ohio, has in the years of an active life sent forth an influence for good that is immeasurable. His ability and learning have carried him into important relations with the church, while his abiding human sympathy and his practical teaching have made his labors a motive force for good in the lives of thousands with whom he has come in contact. He was born at Southport, Fairfield county, Connecticut, on the 15th of July, 1848, and pursued his preparatory education in Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, while his collegiate work was done in St. Stephen's College at Annandale. New York. He studied theology in Berkley Divinity School at Middletown, Connecticut, and added to his preparation the broad knowledge and culture that come from study and travel in Europe. He has never unduly confined his attention to doctrinal questions or theology, although well versed in these, but has given his thought and study to the broader purpose of helping men to live the Christ life by bringing into their lives understanding and appreciation for the principles taught by the lowly Nazarene. Bishop Leonard entered into active relations with the church when ordained as a deacon at Middletown, Connecticut, by Bishop Williams, on the 31st of May, 1871, and on the 21st of July, 1872, he was ordained to the priesthood at Stanford, Connecticut. The same year he became rector of the Church of the Redeemer in Brooklyn, New York, and it was while residing there that Dr. Leonard was married in April, 1873, to Miss Sarah L. Sullivan, of that city. Dr. Leonard continued as rector in Brooklyn for nine years, during which period, in 1879, the degree of Bachelor of Divinity was conferred upon him by St. Stephen's College, while in 1885 he received the degree of Doctor of Divinity HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 141 from Washington and Lee University of Virginia. In 1889 he was elected missionary bishop of Washington, then a territory, but declined the honor and continued as rector of the Church of the Redeemer in Brooklyn until 1881, when he became rector of St. John's parish in Washington, D. C. Throughout his ministry he has been concerned with those things which are an aid to better living and to that end he labored untiringly to establish the Free library at Brooklyn, which remains today as a monument to his devotion to his fellowmen. In May, 1889, at a convention held in Trinity church at Toledo, Ohio, Dr. Leonard Was elected to succeed Bishop Bedell, and was consecrated bishop of Ohio in St. Thomas church in New York city in the following October. The development of this diocese under his management has been remarkable and yet it has been a steady, healthful growth, increasing from sixty-four clergyman in 1890 to one hundred in 1894, and from twelve missionary stations to forty-two. The work has been continued through the succeeding years with equally gratifying results and over one thousand persons have been confirmed by him every year. While in Europe Dr. Leonard was for eight years in charge of the American churches on the continent. He was chaplain of the Ohio Society in New York, has been chosen chaplain of the Sons of Colonial Wars of Ohio and has been president on alternate years of the board of trustees of Kenyon College of Gambier. He is also a member of the general board of missions of the Episcopal church and his duties in these various connections have been performed in addition to the various lines of church work which are constantly claiming his attention. Dr. Leonard is a man of indefatigable energy, whose influence is extended for the benefit of his fellowmen in bringing them into a nearer relation with the Creator. His study and research have been wide and varied and his understanding of life and the motive springs of human conduct have enabled him to speak the word of timely counsel and assistance, of unfailing charity and abiding love. His is an attractive, almost magnetic manner. His broad scholarship is manifest in his brilliant oratory and while he speaks to the people out of the depths of profound knowledge, unlike many another orator, his language is characterized by a beautiful simplicity that enables him to appeal directly to the hearts as well as the intelligence of his hearers. CORNELIUS M. MUNHALL. There is no record which the American public holds in greater respect than that of the man who wins honorable success through his own efforts. Cornelius M. Munhall was numbered among those who have been thrown upon their own resources at an early age. From his boyhood days he faced the world alone and early came to realize that the present and not the future holds the opportunity. He therefore made good use of every passing hour and as the years went by his worth and ability carried him into important business relations. A native of Zanesville, Cornelius M. Munhall was educated in the schools of that city but when fourteen years of age came to Cleveland. He had lost his father when a little lad of nine years and was early thrown upon his own resources, being forced to make his way in the world unaided. Coming to Cleveland to secure employment, he obtained a position as clerk in a shoe store and later became clerk for the Erie Railroad. He was afterward traveling freight agent for the Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Railroad Company, which position he filled to the time of his death. He had thus through successive stages worked his way steadily upward to a position of responsibility, in which were entrusted to him the decision of many important questions. In all of his business career he was thoroughly reliable, understanding the demands placed upon him and fully meeting these in every particular. 142 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Munhall was married in Cleveland to Miss Katharine J, Jones, whose father, Thomas Jones, and grandfather, Thomas Jones, Sr., were among the early residents of this city, where they engaged in the monument business under the firm style of 'Thomas Jones & Son. They erected the Perry monument and many others of importance. Thomas Jones, Jr., was postmaster in Cleveland for a time, capably discharging the duties of that position and in fact was very active in public affairs, at one time serving as city auditor and leaving the impress of his individuality upon many movements which contributed in noticeable and beneficial measure to the upbuilding and welfare of the city. He held office here under Andrew Jackson and was not only active in political and mercantile circles but also was the owner of considerable real estate, including the land whereon the Doan building now stands. He was killed by accident when that structure was being erected. Mrs. Munhall is a niece of the late Judge J. M. Jones, a distinguished representative of the legal profession in Cleveland ; a cousin of Orville L. Jones of this city ; and a niece of Senator Jones, of Nevada. The family was long one of the most prominent here and from early days down to the present time has figured largely in connection with the evolutionary activities of Cleveland. The marriage of Cornelius M. and Katharine. J. Munhall was blessed with one daughter, Josephine, who is now the wife of Edward W. Jacoby and has one son, John. They reside at Bayonne, New Jersey. The death of the husband and father occurred June 29, 1895. He was a well known and leading member of the Travelers' Association, doing much to promote its interests and also had a wide acquaintance in military circles here, for he was a member of the Gatling Gun Battery. His political allegiance was given to the republican party and at all times he was loyal to his beliefs whether in political or other lines. Through his business affairs he became an excellent judge of men and his enterprise enabled him largely to promote the interests of the company which he represented. His social qualities, too, made him popular, while in every relation of life he enjoyed the good will and trust of those with whom he was brought in contact. HORACE ARTHUR FULLER. Horace Arthur Fuller is the vice president of The Bcfurne-Fuller Company and secretary and treasurer of The Union Rolling Mill. Company. For sixty-three years the family name has figured in connection with the business development of Cleveland, becoming a synonym for increasing activity and usefulness as the years have gone by. A native son of Cleveland, Horace A. Fuller was born September 23, 1864, his parents being Samuel Augustus and Julia (Clark) Fuller. The former was born in Warren, Ohio, April 8, 1837, and died October 23, 1891. His father, Augustus Fuller, came to Cleveland in 1847 and established a hat, cap and fur business. Samuel A. Fuller acquired his education in the Cleveland public schools, and following his graduation from the high school he entered his father's store as an accountant and at the age of nineteen years was made a partner in the firm. He was then connected with mercantile interests until 1869, when he turned his attention to the iron business, becoming associated with the Cleveland Iron Company, of which he was chosen secretary. In 1878 he established iron mills in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, and in i88o became the leading spirit in the organization of the Union Rolling Mill Company, serving for many years as the general manager and treasurer of the company. He was the founder and president of the Condit-Fuller Company, later the Bourne-Fuller Company. He became largely interested in the mining of iron ore in the iron ranges of Wisconsin and Minnesota and was also prominent in connection with the shipping interests of the lake. He became a conspicuous member of the remarkable coterie of men of his time who laid the foundation for Cleveland's commercial greatness and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 147 made it a world market for steel and iron products, its ramifying trade interests in this connection reaching out to all the civilized countries on the globe. In his political views Samuel A. Fuller was a republican and served as alderman from the third district. He gave to municipal affairs the same careful attention which raised him to prominence as a manufacturer. He was a leading member of the Board of Trade and cooperated in every movement for the progress and development of the city. Nor was he neglectful of the higher, holier duties of life as manifest in religious work. He became a member of the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian church and sang in its choir for thirty- three years, serving most of that time as choir director, while for several years he was president of the board of trustees. In 1858 Samuel A. Fuller was married to Miss Julia. Clark, who was a daughter of Albert C. and Elizabeth (Wright) Clark, and died in 1880. Her father was for many years an official in the United States treasury department at Washington, D. C., and was a well known banker of Cleveland, serving for some time as cashier of the old City Bank. After losing his first wife alb Mr. Fuller married Mrs. Louise Wood, a daughter of the Hon. John W. Allen, one of Cleveland's early mayors and the first president of the Big Four Rail-. way Company. Such in brief is the history of the parents of Horace A. Fuller. To the successful management of his extensive interests Samuel A. Fuller brought a ripe experience, a keen and penetrating business judgment and above all an unimpeachable integrity. Preeminently public spirited, he was always in the forefront of every movement looking to the advancement of the city or fostering its best interests. Genial, sympathetic, companionable, he won the love and respect of all with whom he came in contact. He died suddenly of heart failure and it is doubtful if the demise of any citizen in Cleveland would have caused more universal sorrow and regret than did his. While his business career awakened admiration, his personal qualities endeared him to all and made him a man whose friendship was warmly cherished. Horace Arthur Fuller was educated in the Cleveland public schools and the Western Reserve University. In 1883 he became connected with the Condit-Puller Company and has been with this organization and its successors continuously since. In 1888 he became associated with the Union Rolling Mill Company, serving as treasurer and assistant general manager until 1891, when he was made secretary and treasurer and director. He is also a director of the Central National Bank, a director of the Sheriff Street Market & Storage Company, and is financially interested in various other corporations. Mr. Fuller likewise has voice in the management of social organizations, being a director of the Union Club and a director and vice president of the Country Club. He also belongs to the Tavern Club and to the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian church, while his political endorsement is given to the republican party. On the 14th of April, 1886,. Mr. Fuller was married to Miss Alice Tenny, a daughter of the Rev. Edward Payson and Julia A. (De Forest) Ingersoll. Her father was born May 6, 1834, at Lee, Massachusetts, and among his early ancestors were Jonathan Edwards, the great Puritan divine, and Sir William Bassett, who landed at Plymouth in 1621. While a child Edward Payson Ingersoll went with his parents to Oberlin, Ohio, and received a part of his scholastic training in Oberlin College, while later he entered Williams College, from which he was graduated in 1855. He soon removed to Cleveland and became principal of the Central high school. Subsequently he studied law, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Law from the Ohio State and Union Law College. He was associated in law practice with William J. Boardman for three years and then began his theological studies at Andover. In 1863 he became pastor of the First Congregational church at Sandusky and has served as pastor of the Plymouth Congregational church at Indianapolis, Indiana, the 148 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Middle Reformed church of Brooklyn, New York, the Puritan Congregational church of Brooklyn and the Park Congregational church of St. Paul, Minnesota. After his last pastorate he was elected one of the secretaries of the American Bible Society and was serving as such at his death. The degree of Doctor of Divinity was conferred upon him by Williams College in 1877. In 1860 he married Julia A. De Forest, of Cleveland, and they had two daughters, Antoinette De Forest and Alice Tenny. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller have two children : Antoinette, the wife of Louis Almon Pierrong, of Cleveland; and Marian. They reside on the Lake Shore boulevard at Bratenahl. Mrs. Fuller is active in church and charitable work and is most generous in her aid to the needy. Mr. Fuller finds recreation in golf, tennis and motoring and is so situated financially that he can take from his business the time necessary for pleasures and recreation that go to make up a well rounded and evenly balanced existence. He is nevertheless recognized as a man of force in the business world and, although he entered upon enterprises already established, has shown an initiative spirit and marked enterprise in handling and controlling these interests, which are of no little magnitude. WILLIAM JOSEPH AKERS William Joseph Akers is entitled to threefold prominence—as a business man, as a political leader and as a philanthropist. His efforts in any one line would entitle him to more than passing notice, while his continued activity in these fields has made him a forceful factor in the world's work, the consensus of public opinion being that he is one of the most active and valuable of Cleveland's citizens. Mr. Akers was born in England, August 2, 1845, a son of John and Catherine (O'Leary) Akers. His parents came to America and located in Cleveland during the infancy of their son and remained residents of this city until called to the home beyond, the father dying in 1858 at the age of forty-three years, while the mother survived until 1894. The father was a prominent contractor here and erected many of the large buildings of his day in Cleveland. William Joseph Akers pursued his education in the public schools of Cleveland and at the age of thirteen began working in a blacksmith shop, but since 1865 has largely been identified with hotel interests. It was in that year that he became office boy in the old Union depot restaurant and eventually he became clerk, cashier and partner, while in 1880 he became sole proprietor. During the early years of his business career he was associated with John A. Wheeler and L. G. lRussell, which connection continued until they were called from life. With them he opened the Gibson House in 1875 and the Continental Hotel in 1877, both at Crestline. At the same time Mr. Akers was interested with John A. Wheeler and L. G. Russell in the operation of two flourmills, one at Crestlme and the other at Nevada on the Fort Wayne Railroad. He has long been recognized as a man of resourceful business ability, various enterprises making demand upon his time and energy, his enterprise and diligence, however, being at all times equal to this demand. He found hotel management and control a particularly congenial pursuit and in 1882 he opened the Russell House at Alliance, while in 1888, in connection with S. T. Paine, who is still his partner, he purchased the Forest City House, one of Cleveland's leading hostelries, which he is still conducting. In 1890 he also became part owner of the Sagertown Inn at Sagertown, Pennsylvania, and extended his efforts to industrial interests, becoming proprietor of the bottling works at that place. Mr. Akers has also controlled many railroad eating houses and in 1884 established the first dining car service in this part of the country on the old Bee Line, now the Big Four. In all of his work he has displayed much of the spirit of the pioneer, instituting new methods and seeking out and incorpoi ating new ideas of benefit to the trade. He organized the Cleveland Hotel HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 149 Men's Association, was its first president and is acting as its chief officer at this writing, in 1909. In association with Clifton D. Shears, of the Grand Hotel of Cincinnati, Mr. Akers organized the State Hotel Men's Association and served as its second president, Mr. Shears being the first incumbent in that office. Mr. Akers has occupied a very important part in local politics for over forty years and has been identified with almost every movement for the advancement of Cleveland during that period. It would be to give a detailed history of the city if one were to enumerate the list of public enterprises and movements with which Mr. Akers has been helpfully associated. Never neglectful of the duties of citizenship, he has been well qualified for leadership in political circles and in 1896 the republican party named him as its nominee for mayor in opposition to Robert Blee. He would undoubtedly have won the race had not General Myers entered the field as an independent republican candidate, thus dividing the republican forces and resulting in the election of the latter by a very small majority. He was again the republican nominee in 1892 with Tom L. Johnson as the opposing candidate. Mr. Akers has always taken a deep interest in the public schools, for many years assisting in their management as a member of the board of education, his labors being at all times practical, embodying too the spirit of reform and progress. He served as a director of the library board and in 1900 wrote and published a valuable history of the Cleveland schools, covering the ground from their establishment until that year. In connection with charity work Mr. Akers is also widely known, his broad humanitarian spirit being manifest in his earnest and continuous labor toward promoting interests leading to the amelioration of hard conditions of life for the unfortunate. For over thirty years he was a director of the Cleveland Associated Charities and a director of the board of charities and correction for the city. He acted as assistant secretary of the relief committee for Chicago fire sufferers and as a member of the committee had charge of the shipment and accounting of all supplies. He was also a member of the committee having in charge the relief work for the sufferers from the Ohio flood, the Michigan fire, the Johnstown flood and the Kentucky cyclone and in 1892 he was appointed by President McKinley to visit and aid the Hocking Valley mine sufferers. He is the financial trustee of the Dorcas Invalid Home, a trustee of the Boys Industrial School at Lancaster, Ohio, and from 188o until 1890 was the president of the Cleveland General Hospital. For many years he has been the commissary of the Cleveland Grays, a military organization of the city, and he has at all times been in hearty sympathy with the beneficent spirit of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has been honored with the thirty-third degree. He has held the office of deputy grand master of the Masons of Ohio and commander in chief of northern Ohio of the Scottish Rite Masons. He is a trustee and was chairman of the building committee of the Masonic Temple and has been a trustee of the Masonic Home at Springfield, Ohio, since its inception. His helpful spirit and his generous assistance in lines of charity have their root in his membership and belief in the Methodist church. In Cleveland Mr. Akers was married to Miss Maud M. Miller, of Brooklyn, New York, who is prominent in the highest social circles of this city and for years has been a leader in charitable work. She is now the vice president and corresponding secretary of the Dorcas Home and chairman of its mission committee and is equally active in the Sorosis Ladies Literary & Educational Society and other organizations. Mr. Akers has always been a lover of athletics and manly outdoor sports. As a youth he was a wrestler, an excellent rifle shot and a member of the old Railway Union baseball team, and he is still notable as a pedestrian, which is no doubt responsible in a large measure for the fact that now, in his sixty-third year, he is a vigorous man, strong and athletic, presenting the general appearance of a man of forty-five years. Nature is kind to those who do not abuse her laws and he has at all times followed closely her guidance. Moreover, he possesses a kindly, genial