(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 200 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ily can be traced back to 1600 and it was in 1675 that representatives of the name came from England, settling in Maryland. In the country schools of his native county Harry James Crawford pursued his education, spending his youth on the home farm in Island Creek township. He afterward had the privilege of attending the Richmond College at Richmond, Ohio, where he pursued his preparatory course and later entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. He began preparation for the bar as a student in the Franklin Bachus Law School. He had been graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree from the Ohio Wesleyan University in 1896 and he completed his law course in Western Reserve University with the class of 1898, at which time the LL. B. degree was conferred upon him. On the 11th of June of that year he was admitted to the tar and began practice in Cleveland with the firm of Webster, Angel & Cook, with whom he was associated for four years, when in 1902 he went to the firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, with which he has since been connected. He does a great deal of trial work but nevertheless engages" in the general practice of law. He is concise in his appeals before the court, strong in his presentation of the cause to the jury and at all times is logical in his deductions, while his application of legal principled is accurate. On the 14th of June, 1899, Mr. Crawford was married to Miss Jemima Brandebury, a daughter of James H. and Sarah (Sherrard) Brandebury, of Delaware, Ohio. They have four children : Hammond, Henry J., Jane B. and Martha H. Mr. Crawford is an independent republican and belongs to various fraternities and clubs, including the Sigma Chi of the Ohio Wesleyan University, the Phi Delta Phi, a legal fraternity of the Western Reserve University, the Hermit, Union and Nisi Prius Clubs. He has won for himself an enviable record as one of the younger members of the Cleveland bar and has gained his success in that close application and careful preparation which are indispensable elements of progress in the difficult and arduous profession of the law. SILAS BRAINARD. On the pages of Cleveland's history as one of the pioneer representatives of the music trade appears the name of Silas Brainard—a name that is honored and respected wherever he was known and most of all where he was best known. Coming to Cleveland during the formative period in, its history ,he established one of the early music houses of the city and for years maintained a foremost place among the merchants of musical instruments and musical merchandise. Born in New Hampshire on the 14th of February, 1814, he acquired his early education in the public schools of the old Granite state. Coming to Cleveland at an early age he located on Superior street, where he opened a music store, having at first but one piano. Subsequently he opened the Brainard music hall which was afterward converted into the Globe theater and became the home of grand opera in Cleveland. He did much toward promoting the musical taste in this city by securing the talent of some of the most famous musicians and singers that are residents of or have visited America. He possessed an accurate ear, had the keenest appreciation for harmony and his own love of music prompted him to wish to give to others the pleasure which it brought to him. As the promoter of the Brainard music store he developed an excellent business which in time became the property of his sons. On the 23d of April, 1840, Mr. Brainard was married to Miss Emily Mould, a lady of English birth, who crossed the Atlantic to the new world when a little maiden of ten years. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Brainard have been born seven children: Charles Silas, now deceased, who married Minnie Wetmore, of Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio; Henry Mould, who was engaged in business with his father and who married Miss Frances Hills, of Cleveland; Fannie Mould, who became the wife HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 203 of Eugene L. Graves, of Bennington, Vermont, who is mentioned elsewhere in this volume ; Emily Louise, the wife of George E. Armstrong, of New York; Arthur Wilberforce, who wedded Miss Maria Bressant, of Watertown, New York ; Annie Mould ; and Laura Caroline. The two eldest sons were in business with their father as S. Brainard & Sons. This was the second largest house of the kind in the United States at that time. They continued with the house after the father’s death when it was conducted under the name of S. Brainard's Sons. In his political views Mr. Brainard was an earnest republican, though he never sought nor desired office, but kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He attended Trinity Episcopal church, of which his wife was a prominent member, and took an active interest in all departments of the church work. His name was not unknown in connection with public and private charities, and he realized fully the obligations of man toward his fellowmen. His recreation was largely found in driving, for he was very fond of horses. In Cleveland he stood as a high type of the prominent business man and citizen, practical not only in the management of his own affairs but in all of his relations to the public. He died suddenly in 1871, at the age of fifty-seven years, and thus passed away one who had left a deep impress upon the commercial history and musical development of Cleveland. MARTIN GALE. With the history of pioneer development the name of Martin Gale is closely associated and he was among the first to become actively identified with the operation of the stone quarries in this vicinity. He arrived in Cleveland in 1834, coming from Plattsburg, New York. The journey westward was made on the canal and by teams and he settled at Doan's Corners, now One Hundred and Fifth street. At that time old Mr. Doan had a hotel there and the only other building of the locality was a little stone structure which Mr. Doan owned and which was used for storing corn. Mr. Gale was told that if he would move the corn out and clean the place he might live there and in that building he began housekeeping. Soon afterward he purchased a large tract of land on Euclid avenue and built a fine home, it being the most pretentious residence within a radius of two miles for many years. It was occupied by his wife for sixty-four years. Much of the land which he purchased was covered with the native forest growth, but he cleared the tract and improved it and in the course of years developed some valuable stone quarries upon the place. For a long period stone was there quarried that was used in the construction of the best buildings of the city. The railroad company built a switch to the quarry, so that the stone could be shipped direct. With the growth of the city the land became more and more valuable. A part of the tract is now owned by the city and a part by John D. Rockefeller. In early manhood Mr. Gale was married to Miss Susan Walters, of Plattsburg, New York. It was subsequent to this time that the removal westward was made and after establishing their home in Cleveland they became connected with the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal church, which at that time had but ten members. Mrs. Gale was long a very active, helpful and earnest member there, taking an interested part in the church work for seventy years and at the time of her death she was its oldest member. Mr. Gale, through the period of his residence here, was also an active worker in the church, doing all in his power to promote its growth and extend its influence. He died in 1867 at the age of sixty-two years, his birth having occurred in 1805. His wife survived him for almost four decades, passing away in 1905 at the age of ninety years, for her birth occurred in 1815. In his political views Mr. Gale was a stalwart democrat, was always active in the affairs of the city and was looked to for good advice concerning the municipal interests and welfare. The Gale home was always one of open hospitality 204 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and was ever the headquarters for the Methodist ministers who visited the city. While Mr. Gale passed away many years ago, he lived to witness a remarkable growth in Cleveland, for at the time of his arrival the city was but a little village, giving but scant evidence of the changes which were to occur and transform it into one of the leading metropolitan centers of the country. Mr. Gale did his full share toward bringing about is present progress and prosperity and his efforts were of substantial and material value. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gale wee born ten children, of whom six are yet living: John W., a resident of Cleveland ; M. F., Aaron and Edwin I., all residents of California; Mrs. A. G. Stebbins ; and Mrs. Charles C. Hogan. Of the daughters, Alida G. married De Witt Clinton Stebbins, who was a native of Delaware county, New York, born in 1840. He was educated in the place of his nativity and by study developed the superior musical talent with which nature had endowed him. At the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted as a musician and served with the regimental band, remaining at the front until after the close of hostilities when, thinking to find better business opportunities in the middle west, he came to Cleveland and here engaged in the contracting and building business. He had devoted but a comparatively brief period to that work, however, when his health failed him and he engaged in the real-estate business, going west to Kansas City, Missouri. There he resided for some years and on account of being a fine cornetist was engaged to play in the Grand Avenue church while in that city. . Mr. Stebbins was married in Cleveland in 1871, to Miss Alida G. Gale, and unto them was born one child who died in infancy. After residing for some time in Kansas City, Mr. Stebbins returned to Cleveland, where he continued to make his home until his death in 1888. Both Mr. Gale and Mr. Stebbins were highly respected men who enjoyed in full measure the confidence, good will and kindly regard of all with whom they came in contact. HARRY HILLIARD WYLIE. Harry Hilliard Wylie's contribution to greater Cleveland is the flourishing little suburb of Beachland-on-the-Lake, adjoining the eastern limits of the city. He foresaw the great advantages to be derived from a home on the bank of the lake, far enough removed from the din and strife of city life to insure a peaceful atmosphere. He believed there were enough people in the city who would spend an hour on the cars, going and coming, to populate such a place. Hence, where less than four years ago the grape vine flourished and the bossie cow meandered listlessly over the meadows, a multitude of houses have been built and the city man now lives in the country with every known city improvement. Around Beachland other settlements have sprung up, Lake Shore boulevard has been extended from Cleveland beyond Beachland and well on its way to Buffalo, and in a few years' time Cleveland's growth eastward along the lake will be phenomenal beyond question. Mr. Wylie modestly disclaims that he is responsible for all of this great growth, but is ready to accept his share of it-whenever occasion demands. Mr. Wylie was born in Cahaba, Alabama, just forty years ago this August. His father was a Scotchman and his mother a Kentucky American. With one possessed of so much pent up vigor, he soon found the south too slow for him, and at thirteen years of age he spent his first night in New York city, sleeping in a dry-goods box under one of the arches of the new Brooklyn bridge, then just being completed. The next day he entered into partnership with another merchant of rather tender years, the entire tangible assets of the partnership being a blacking box with brushes, no blacking, three morning Suns and two cents in cash. This partnership flourished for a week but was terminated when Mr. Wylie accepted the responsible position of "devil" on the New York Evening Sun. A HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 205 rapid promotion followed through press room, composing room and editorial department, until at sixteen we find him a full fledged cub reporter, putting in his odd hours at Cooper Union and night schools. Mr. Wylie went to Chicago for the World's Fair, liked it and remained, work ing on the staff of the Inter Ocean, Times Herald and other papers, leaving there in 1896 to return to New York by way of Cleveland. Cleveland was too much for him, her opportunities were too great to be overlooked, and a visit to the Heights, out Mayfield Road, convinced Mr. Wylie that here was a section for which there was a great future, so we find him in 1898 actively engaged in the real-estate bus- iness, making a specialty of farm lands east of Cleveland. What his foresight has been is shown by his success with the Gates Mills property in its infancy and a large number of farm properties, especially along Mayfield Road and its vicinity, Compton Heights, Wyldwood Heights and Yellowstone Road. Mr. Wylie is the secretary of The Beachland Realty Company, one of the pioneers in the development of Cleveland suburban properties and one of the most successful. Early in 1910 the. company extended its sphere of operations to inter- national fields by purchasing Grimsby Beach, the great Canadian Chautauqua on Lake Ontario. They expect under Mr. Wylie's direction to Americanize this wonderful property and devote it to a summer residence resort for the better class of Americans and Canadians. Since 1906 Mr. Wylie's energies have been more particularly directed to Beachland-on-the-Lake. He lives at Beachland, is married and has four children, as follows : Robert Frederick, who is two years of age ; William Dunbar, nine years old ; and Helen and Beatrice, who are fifteen and eleven years of age respectively. EDWIN A. McFARLAND. Edwin A. McFarland, whose prosperity has been won in the real-estate field, is a native of Twinsburg, Summit county, Ohio. He was born April 14, 1842, a son of Harvey McFarland, who for twenty years was a justice of the peace in Lorain and Summit counties and died in Twinsburg, Ohio, where his wife also lies buried. Edwin A. McFarland remained in his native county to the age of sixteen years and through the succeeding decade was a resident of Kipton, Lorain county, where he followed gardening and farming. In the meantime he enlisted at the first call for troops for service in the Civil war, but the next day was informed that the quota was filled and that he would not be allowed to go to the front. Later, at the call from Governor Todd for volunteers to defend the state from the invasion of the Confederates, he reported at Cincinnati and was with the military forces during the period of danger to the state, after which he received an honorable discharge. Subsequently he turned his attention to the wholesale poultry business, shipping to eastern markets, but as this venture did not prove a success, owing to the dishonesty of commission merchants in the east, in 1880 he came to Cleveland, where he engaged in the wholesale poultry business and in this won a desirable reward for labor. Later he dealt in real estate and in this field has made himself financially independent. His investments have been judiciously made and with keen foresight he has recognized the possibilities offered in the purchase and sale of property. Closely watching the real-estate market, he has become owner of various properties which could be bought at a low figure, awaiting his time for profitable sale. His business associates and contemporaries recognize the soundness of his judgment and his powers of business perception. On April 14, 1866, Mr. McFarland was united in marriage to Miss Gertie A. Bates, of Henrietta, Lorain county, Ohio, and a daughter of Bennet Bates, a farmer of that locality. They have four children, a son and three daugh- 206 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ters, but Lena, the eldest, has been an invalid all her life. Grace is a graduate of the West high school and of the Cleveland Normal School, and for five years engaged in teaching in the Willard, Orchard, Gordon and Waverly schools. She then became the wife of Oscar Laisy of this city, who is engaged in the real-estate business, and they have two sons, Willard and Clifford, who are now pupils in the public schools. Royal McFarland, a graduate of the West high school and now assistant cashier in the Adams Express office, married Lillian Huff, of Akron, Ohio, and they have three children : Eugene, Hugh and Edwin, aged respectively five, three and one years. Catherine is a graduate of the West high school and is the wife of Edward Garson, of Rochester, New York, in which city they reside with their two children, Leonard and Alfred Bates. Mr. McFarland is a member of the First Ward Republican Club, of which he was chairman in 1896, while for seven years he has been its treasurer. He is interested in the political situations of the country and the questions and issues of the day, and has always given loyal allegiance to the grand old party. In all of his business career there has been no esoteric phase and the reliability of his methods and his unquestioned commercial probity constitute an example that is well worthy of emulation. LORENZO ALSON KELSEY. Lorenzo Alson Kelsey, one of the well known, old time citizens of Cleveland and one of the early mayors of that city, came from one of the oldest families of Connecticut. He was born February 22, 1803, at Port Leyden, New York, (better known as Kelsey's Mills in that section). His father was Eber Leete Kelsey, who, in 1797, went from Killingsworth, Connecticut to Port Leyden, whence he removed to Cape Vincent in 1809, making the first clearing and erecting the first home. He was called to Cape Vincent in the interest of Vincent Le Ray, whose agent he was. Le Ray was largely interested in the great land company, "La Compagnie de New York," the property of the colony of French exiles banished during the French Revolution, and who settled in Lewis and Jefferson counties, New York. Among them were Joseph Bonaparte and Count Real, of Paris, the latter chief of the secret police and the "council of ten." These exiles included a number of highly cultured and refined people, and a number of them were early friends of Mr. Kelsey. The mother of Mr. Kelsey was. Lucy Leete, a great-great-granddaughter of William Leete, one of the early colonial governors, and at the tine of his death governor of Connecticut. In 1825 L. A. Kelsey married Sophia Smith, the daughter of Miner Smith, a druggist, of Windham, Connecticut, and a granddaughter of Major Hezekiah Huntington, who left the Revolutionary Army after a service of three years, to establish, at Windham, Connecticut, the first armory in the United States for the making and repairing of guns, and, where it is said, the first gun wholly made in America was produced. Soon after Mr. Kelsey's marriage he removed to Youngstown, on the Niagara river, to engage in the lumber business. A schooner, owned by his firm was the first to pass through the Welland canal. He came to Cleveland in 1837, having been induced by flattering promises to take charge of the "Exchange," which was supposed to be a very fine structure on the "Flats." After his arrival there was a failure on the part of the Exchange people, and the project fell through. Mr. Kelsey then turned his attention to the old Cleveland Hotel, which stood on the site of the present Forest City House. Finding the business distasteful, after one year he retired. Soon after this he became commander of the lake passenger steamer "Chesapeake," in the line between Buffalo and Chicago. Subsequently he purchased the steamer HISTORY OF CLEVELAND = 209 General Harrison and ran it between Chicago and Green Bay. He always had a great fondness for the water, and when but a lad Commodore Chauncey, who was a warm personal friend of the family, wished him to enter the navy but his father would not consent. After the erection of the New England Hotel, by George M. Atwater, in 1847, Mr. Kelsey was persuaded to take charge of it and was its proprietor for two years. This hotel was on the corner of Superior and Merwin streets, a fine structure for those days, and was considered a rival of the Weddell House. The New England Hotel was destroyed by fire in 1854. , Politically Mr. Kelsey was a democrat and took a prominent part in the political affairs of his time. He was many times chosen as a delegate to the national and state conventions of his party. He was elected mayor of Cleve- land in 1848 and 1849, and although much pressed to serve another term, de- clined to do so. He had an extensive acquaintance with the prominent party leaders of the country, and could relate many interesting incidents of his ex- periences with the historical men of that day. His nature was most jovial, modest and kind, and his tastes musical and artistic. In 1844, he 'built a home on Woodland avenue, and resided there during the remainder of his life, excepting the two years he conducted the New England Hotel. His family consisted of two sons and three daughters, who lived to adult age ; Mrs. J. H. Devereux ; Edgar Oscor, of Lowell, Massachusetts; Theodore Rowland, who was killed at Chickamauga in the Civil war ; Ada Helen, who died unmarried; and Josephine, who married John Cutter, and is now his widow, residing in Meadville, Pennsylvania. Mr. Kelsey's death came in his eighty-seventh year. His wife died three years before, and both are buried now in Lakeview cemetery, at Cleveland. GEORGE H. GARRETT. George H. Garrett is well remembered as one of the popular hotel propri- etors of Cleveland, a man whose geniality, unfailing courtesy and efforts for the benefit of others gave him the high regard and enduring friendship of the great majority of those with whom he came in contact. He was born in West Chester, Pennsylvania, and died in Cleveland, March 17, 1908, at the age of fifty-three years. The family of which he was a representative was one of the old pioneer families of Pennsylvania and his father, George Garrett, was a prominent, active and influential citizen of West Chester. The son was educated in the public schools of that city, and his first commercial venture was in the flour and feed business, but he early developed a liking for the hotel business and, in consequence thereof, sought a favorable opening for activity in that line. He went to Warren, Ohio, where he built the Park Hotel, which he successfully managed for many years, and was later in Springfield, Ohio, where he engaged in the conduct of a hotel for some time. He was also at one time proprietor of a hotel in Zanesville and removed from that place to Cleveland in September, 1899. Shortly after his arrival, in connection with Mr. McKinney, he secured the Kennard house, which was then run down through poor management, but the partners were practical hotel men and through Mr. Garrett's extensive acquaintance with traveling' salesmen and by reason of the reputation which he had won as a popular and capable landlord, they soon were conducting one of the leading commercial hotels in the city and were very successful. Mr. Garrett concentrated his entire attention upon the business and looked after the interests of the guests of the house in every particular, regarding no detail as too unessential to claim his attention. He made a close study of the wishes and demands of the public and maintained a high standard in the hotel in the personnel of the house and in the character of the services rendered. He never regretted coming to Cleve- 210 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND land, but felt that his business success was an ample justification of the step which he took in removing to this city. Mr. Garrett was married in Chardon, Ohio, to Miss Clara L. Chamberlain, who still survives him and makes her home in Cleveland, where she has many friends. In his political views Mr. Garrett was a republican, active in the work of the party and interested in all that pertained to its welfare. He sought honor in municipal affairs as well as in private life, and his influence was always on the side of purifying and wholesome reform. He was an honorable, upright man, esteemed by all who knew him, his record and his personal qualities making him one of the popular citizens of Cleveland. LEONARD PARKS. Leonard Parks, one of the pioneer residents of Cleveland, arriving in 1834, continued to make his home in the city until his death in August, 1883. Although more than a quarter of a century has come and gone since he departed this life, he is yet remembered by many of the older citizens and the fact that he was closely associated with the development and progress of the city in its formative period well entitles him to representation in this volume. He was born in Schoharie county, New York, in 1824, and a decade later came to Cleveland with his father, Sheldon Parks, who brought his family to this city. He then purchased a farm on the Lake Shore in what is now Bratenahl, the former owner having been John Gardner. With characteristic energy Sheldon Parks began to clear, cultivate and develop his place, erected a substantial dwelling thereon and as the years went by met with a creditable and gratifying measure of success in all of his undertakings. Upon the farm which he developed he reared his family of seven children. Leonard Parks spent his youthful days at the old homestead and became familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. His education, too, was acquired in the early schools of those days, at a time when the boundaries of Cleveland were much more restricted than at the present and when the city gave promise of little industrial or commercial importance. Through the period of his minority he continued to assist in the labors of the farm, giving the benefit of his services to his father, Sheldon Parks, who lived upon the old homestead until his death, which occurred in 1872, when he had reached the venerable age of ninety-five years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Catherine Earls, died in 1867, at the age of sixty-seven years. She was a lady of marked ability and of innate culture and refinement and left the impress of her character upon the lives and hearts of her children. In the family were four sons and three daughters : Leonard and Samuel, both deceased; Joseph ; Sheldon, deceased; Mrs. Page ; Mrs. Hanks ; and Carrie. Joseph occupies a portion of the old home farm but a great deal of the original tract has been sold off in town lots and some of it is now owned by the wealthy people of the city and constitutes some of the finest residence property of Cleveland. Leonard Parks was never very actively engaged in any business enterprise save for the supervision which he gave to his property interests and in the control of his realty he manifested keen discernment and marked business ability. He had a fine home in East Cleveland and greatly enjoyed it, his interests centering there. He was also interested, however, in the affairs of the city and cooperated in many movements which were of direct benefit to Cleveland. Anything which was a matter of civic interest and of civic pride made strong appeal to him and his cooperation was never sought in vain for the public good. In 1852, in East Cleveland, Mr. Parks was united in marriage to Miss Harriet A. Hendershot, who was a daughter of Perry Hendershot, who was a stonemason by trade. He had much to do with the early building of the city and his labors were an element in its improvement during its formative period. His father, David Hendershot, had come to Cleveland from Pennsylvania at an early day, so that the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 211 Parks and Hendershot families were among the earliest settlers here. Mr. Parks was a very active member and interested worker in the Presbyterian church and his religious faith constituted the guiding principle in his life. He died in August, 1883, and Mrs. Parks has lived in the old home since that time, being one of the most highly esteemed of the early pioneer women of the city. WILLIAM BURNS HANLON. William B. Hanlon, a consulting engineer in railway and mining projects, was born in Coshocton county, Ohio, September 1, 1855. The Hanlon family is of Irish origin but for several generations has been represented on this side- the Atlantic. Alexander Hanlon, father of our subject, was a native of Jefferson county, Ohio, and at an early date took up his abode in Coshocton county. He was a carpenter by trade but later turned his attention to farming, purchasing land in Coshocton county, which he cultivated for some time. He was afterward chosen probate judge of that county and filled the position in an acceptable manner for six years. On his retirement from the office he also retired from active business life. He had married Elizabeth Mitchell, who was a native of Coshocton county, born May 20, 1820. His death occurred in April, 1890, while his wife passed away in July, 1896, at the advanced age of seventy-six years. She was a daughter of John Mitchell, a pioneer resident of Coshocton county and a native of Maryland. The Mitchells are of English lineage and are of an old, well known and representative family of the south, tracing their ancestry back to Dr. Brownhill, who was a surgeon in the British army and later was surgeon to his Majesty, the King of England. William B. Hanlon was educated in the district schools of Coschocton county and afterward spent about six months as a student in a normal school. He was reared to farm life to the age of twenty years, gaining all the experiences of field and meadow. He afterward became deputy in the office of the probate judge, serving for three years under his father, at the end of which time he became con- nected with an engineering corps, going out as a rod man with the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railroad Company. He remained in that service until the fall of 1879, when he removed to St. Clairsville, Belmont county, Ohio, in order to execute a contract for the mapping of the reappraisement there. He remained in that locality until May, 188o, when he went to Bridgeport as paymaster and clerk for the Pittsburg & Wheeling Coal Company. He occupied that position until the 1st of April, 1881, after which he became draughtsman and resident en- gineer with the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Company, at Massillon, Ohio. He occupied this position for two years, or until April 1 1883, when he went to Bridgeport as mining engineer for the Pittsburg & Wheeling Coal Company, thus serving until July, 1885. He then Look up special work in private practice, in which he continued until February, 1886, when he was elected chief engineer of the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railroad and thus served until 1901, during which time he was also mining engineer for many coal companies along the line of the road. His work included during this period a great deal of construction and changes of grade and alignment and also various improvements in the system. In 1got the property was taken over by purchase by the BaltimOre & Ohio Rail, road Company, and Mr. Hanlon remained as district engineer until September 1 1905. At that date he opened his present office in Cleveland, where he has since engaged as consulting engineer on mining and railway work. He has also made a specialty of the examination of properties for investors. He is considered an authority on the value of coal property in Ohio, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and Kentucky, and has a large clientage, making his practice a lucrative one. Mr. Hanlon is a member of the Cleveland Engineering Society, the American Railway Engineering and Maintenance of Way Association, the Ohio Engineer- 212 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ing Society and the National Geographical Association. He has carried his researches far and wide in the realms of knowledge bearing upon his profession and his learning and experience have given him prominent place and won him substantial success as a railway and mining consulting engineer. BISHOP I. F. HORSTMANN. Rt. Rev. Ignatius Frederick Horstmann was a distinguished representative of the Catholic clergy. His life of great usefulness in the upbuilding of the church and the expansion of its influence closed in Canton, Ohio, May 13, 1908, save as his memory is an inspiration for good deeds in the lives of those who came under his teaching. He was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 16, 1840, and was one of a family of ten children. After attending private and public schools of his native city, leading to his graduation from the Philadelphia Central high school, he became a student in a seminary at Glen Riddle, actuated by the purpose of preparing for the priesthood, which was his ambition from an early age. His scholarship led to his being sent to the American college at Rome in 1860 by order of Bishop Wood, and he displayed the same aptitude in his studies there that had characterized his scholastic work in previous years. His ordination to the priesthood occurred in the Eternal City, June to, 1865, and the year following the Doctor's degree was conferred upon him. Returning to Philadelphia, he occupied a professorship in St. Charles Seminary of that city until 1877, when he was assigned to the pastorate of St. Mary's church there, filling the position for eight years. Much of his time during that period was given to editorial work in connection with church literature, his introduction to an edition of the Bible bringing him renown in Catholic circles. In 1885 Bishop Horstmann was unexpectedly called to the chancellorship of the diocese of Philadelphia and while he was acting in that position he was appointed the successor of Bishop Richard Gilmour, with jurisdiction over the Cleveland bishopric. Several names were sent to Rome but all were rejected and Chancellor Horstmann, a total stranger to the diocese, was appointed November 29, 1891. His consecration took place in the cathedral at Philadelphia, February 25, 1892, the services being conducted by the Most Rev. William H. Elder, D. D., archbishop of Cincinnati, assisted by Rt. Rev. Bishops O'Hara, of Scranton, and Chatard, of Vincennes. Arriving in Cleveland on the 8th of March, 1892, the next morning Bishop Horstmann was installed as third bishop of that city, Bishop Foley of Detroit, preaching the installation sermon. Being familiar with the routine work of governing a diocese, he was very soon familiar with his new surroundings, taking up the administration, adopting all the business methods and forms and reappointing as his immediate assistants those then in the positions. There was, therefore, no break in the work of "the diocese, Bishop Horstmann at once taking up the tasks which, owing to Bishop Gilmour's long illness, had been left undone, as they could not be delegated to others. Under his guidance churches were established, orders dedicated and the large and varied interests of the diocese, both spiritual and temporal, were administered by him with great zeal and self-sacrifice. He presided with great dignity in the bishopric and yet his genial disposition, kindly manner and ready sympathy won him the friendship and highest respect of all. On December 20, 1892, Bishop Horstmann published a circular in which he ordered that throughout the diocese the De Profundis bell be rung each evening, either immediately after the Angelus or at 7 p. m., to remind the faithful to pray for the souls in purgatory. The 'devotion struck a popular chord and soon became a fixed custom. In the same month and year the bishop asked the pastors of congregations to send to the diocesan archives duplicate photographs of the respective churches. The same request was sent to the heads of all the religious and ed- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 213 ucational institutions. In a short time a most valuable array of photographs was collected, one set of which was mounted in two large albums, properly engrossed and indexed. The other set was likewise mounted in a splendidly bound album and presented to his holiness, Leo XIII, by Bishop Horstmann when he made his first official visit to Rome in December, 1894. In August, 1893, he divided the diocese into five districts, each of which was assigned to one of the five orphan asylums located in the diocese, and the sisterhood were allowed to collect only in the district now assigned to their respective asylums, in order to make the annual call on the charities of the faithful as light as possible. At the suggestion of Bishop Horstmann the Sisters of Charity, connected with St. Vincent's Orphan Asylum, Cleveland, commenced in 1894 the "St. Vincent's Union," its member- ship being composed of the laity who contribute as annual clues the sum of twenty- five cents toward the support of the asylum. The sum total thus realized each year has proved of g-reatassistance to the sisters in the work of charity. In 1892 Bishop Horstmann discovered the imperative need of securing for a cemetery a tract of laud sufficient for the needs o all the Cleveland parishes and after a six months' search for the same the Leland farm in Newburg township was secured. The new burial ground was given the name of Calvary cemetery. In 1900 Bishop Horstmann purchased an additional fifty-acre tract on the east of Calvary cemetery, thus making the entire cemetery tract one hundred acres in extent. It was reserved for Bishop Horstmann to carry out the ardent wish of Bishop Gilmour. expressed during his last clays, that of inaugurating in his diocese the evangelization of non-Catholics, about which owing to his long illness and constant press of duties in other directions, nothing had been or could be done. Bishop Horstmann invited the celebrated Paulist missionary, Father Elliot, to come to Cleveland and train two or more of the priests for that purpose, Father Elliot having had such experience in that work as perhaps no other priest in this country had. He came in September, 1894, and with the assistance of priests of his own training, gave missions to non-Catholics-in various parts of the diocese with great success. The missions consisted of a series of lectures in public halls ot any other available place to which the desired audience could be attracted. A special feature of the missions was the "question box," which soon became very popular. In September, 1895, the present Cleveland apostolate was organized and is continuing the work so well begun by Father Elliot. In 1897 the golden jubilee of the diocese of Cleveland was celebrated. Bishop Horstmann having ordered a solemn celebration of the jubilee in conjunction with the observation of the fiftieth anniversary of the consecration of the Rev. Amadeus Rappe as the first bishop of Cleveland. A special public celebration was held on October 13, 1897, and that day will ever be a red letter day in the Catholic an- nals of Cleveland. On December 31, 1897, Bishop Horstmann issued an order prohibiting Sunday funerals. For many years the abuse had existed in the diocese. although Bishops Rappe and Gilmour had protested against it but in his order all funerals were prohibited except those of extreme necessity and in these cases it was ordered that only a hearse or wagon and not more than two or three carriages would be allowed to the cemetery. That stopped Sunday funerals. Bishop Horstmann has done much to build up the diocese. Many new parishes have been organized, numerous churches, many of them architectural gems, have been built, etc., and a great increase of the Catholic population gained, especially in Cleveland and other large cities. Few dioceses, if any, in the United States have as many fine, costly and large churches and none has as many and well equipped parochial schools, colleges and academies in proportion to Catholic population as are located within the limits of the diocese of Cleveland. The diocese is also provided with generously supported charitable institutions, covering nearly all wants of suffering and neglected humanity. One of the most recent institutions, put up almost exclusively through the personal effort and private purse of 214 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Bishop Horstmann is the Home for Boys at Detroit avenue and West Eighty- third street, Northwest. It was established in 1907. Bishop Horstmann also planned a protectory for Catholic boys. Ground was purchased at Elyria but the institution has not as yet been established owing to lack of means. On the morning of May 11, 1908, Bishop Horstmann went to Canton, Ohio, to confirm classes in four different churches in the city and his duties there were exceedingly arduous. He first attended, at St. Mary's church, the dedication of a new parish house and in the evening he confirmed a class in the same church. On May 12th he spent a very hard day at St. Peter's church and on the day that he was stricken he was to have gone through the same services at St. Paul's and St. John's. But at 1o o'clock in the morning, when at his work in St. John's church, the first attack came to him and he was taken from his place at the altar and made to rest. But at 11 o'clock the second attack came and even then the physicians in attendance held out hope of his recovery, but it was not to be and at 9 :20 p. m. a long and useful life spent in the service of others came to an end, the diocese of Cleveland, which had been long and faithfully served, was without its leader, and he died a martyr to his work, as one of his watchers so feelingly expressed. His death is mourned, not only by his own people but by all who knew him and with whom he was always a good friend. Always in sympathy with any work for the good of mankind and the community at large, his death will leave a void which will be hard to fill. He was kind-hearted and merciful to the weak and erring and a devout priest. PERRY H. BABCOCK. No man was more respected or more enjoyed the confidence of the people and none more deserves such respect and confidence than did Perry H. Babcock. He stood as a high type of American manhood and citizenship, for his sturdy integrity and honesty of principle led him to despise all unworthy or questionable means to secure success in any undertaking or for any purpose to promote his own advancement in any direction. For many years he occupied a prominent position in business circles as senior member of the wholesale grocery house of Babcock, Hurd & Company. He was born at Ravenna, Portage county, Ohio, January 23. 1816. His parents were Allen and Mary (Collins) Babcock, members of old New England families. He was descended in the eighth generation from James Babcock, who was born in England in 1612 and landed in Plymouth, Massachusetts, in July, 1621. He was admitted an "inhabitant" of Portsmouth, Rhode Island, in 1642 and in 1853 became a freeman. The line of descent is traced down through John Babcock, a son of James. He wedded Mary Lawton and their son George married Elizabeth Hall and resided at South Kingstown, Rhode Island. David, son of George, lived at South Kingstown and Westerly, Rhode Island, and married Dorcas Brown. Their son, Jonathan Babcock, of Westerly, Rhode Island, married Susanna Perry, a representative of the old Rhode Island family to which Commodore Oliver Hazard Perry also belonged. Perry Babcock, son of Jonathan Babcock, married Cynthia Hickox and their son Almon Babcock, born in Granville, Massachusetts, November 9, 1788, became the father of Perry H. Babcock. Leaving Granville, Massachusetts, in 1810, he removed to Charlestown, Portage county, Ohio, where he acted as agent for his father, one of the members of the Charlestown Land Company. He was an active and enterprising man and a prominent and influential factor in the development of the Western Reserve. He served under General Wadsworth in the war of 1812 and afterward settled in Ravenna, where he built the first brick house in the village. He then opened a hotel which became a favorite stopping-place on the stage route between Cleveland and Pittsburg and he conducted a blacksmith's shop HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 219 and carried on farming, making his home in that locality until his death in 1850. He was married in 1814 to Miss Mary Collins, the only daughter of Robert Johnson Collins, of Rootstown, Portage county, Ohio. In the maternal line she was descended from the old and well known family of Wadsworth, of Hartford, Connecticut, and of Charter Oak fame. The history of Perry H. Babcock constitutes an important chapter in the commercial records of Cleveland. After completing a common-school education in his boyhood days, he learned the blacksmith's trade in his father's shop in Ravenna and in 1839, while working at his trade he met with an accident. During the enforced idleness which followed he accepted an invitation to make a trip to Cincinnati as the guest of the owners of a flat boat. During this trip Mr. Bab- cock was impressed with the possibilities of the profits that might be gained in the forwarding and commission business and determined at no distant day to put his ideas into practice. This proved that often seemingly trivial incidents constitute turnmg points in life for a casual trip taken merely to while away the time was the means of shaping Mr. Babcock's entire after life. Deflected from his purpose of devoting his life to the blacksmith's trade, he made his initial step in the commercial world and, ever proceeding forward, reached a place among the most successful merchants of his adopted city. While in Cincinnati he was employed as a clerk in a wholesale grocery house, there continuing until 1841 when he returned to Ravenna. The following year he hired a boat and brought a load of coal from the Briar Hill mines, now Youngstown, owned by Tod & Stambaugh, the senior partner of the firm being David Tod, who was afterward governor of Ohio. This was the first load of coal ever taken from those mines to Ravenna for previous to that time Ravenna had used coal taken from the Tallmadge mines in Summit county. Mr. Babcock remained at Ravenna until 1845 and during the shipping season of that year was in Pittsburg, forwarding goods through to the lakes in company with the firm of Hubby & Hughes, of Cleveland. The following year, 1846, Mr. Babcock removed to Aurora, Ohio, where he engaged in business with Hurd & Sons, the senior partner being his father-in-law. The firm was engaged in general merchandising, handling lines of goods in demand in those days. Mr. Babcock's work was entirely on the outside for he attended to the purchases while Mr. Hurd had charge of the sales. The firm continued at Aurora until 1853 when a removal was made to Cleveland in order to secure a broader field for operation. Later Joseph S. Williams, a brother-in-law of Mr. Babcock was admitted as a partner of the firm which then became Babcock, Hurd & Williams but later Messrs. Babcock and Hurd purchased the interest of Mr. Williams and the firm style of Babcock & Hurd was assumed. About 1865 C. A. Woodward and George H. Babcock, the latter a son of Perry H. Babcock, became members of the firm and .the style became Babcock, Hurd & Company, under which name the business is still conducted, Perry H. Babcock remaining as the head of the house until his death which occurred April 15, 1897, his remains being inter4red in Lakeview cemetery. He was an active, energetic and forceful man up to the time of his demise and his record was at all times most honorable and creditable. Few of Cleveland's citizens met with greater success or attained a more prominent position in mercantile circles than Mr. Babcock, for over a half century he was closely identified with the business interests of Cleveland and northern Ohio. What he attempted he accomplished and his plans were carefully formulated. He quickly utilized the opportunities that are to be found on every hand, his diligence and enterprise bringing him into important relations with commercial and financial interests. He did not confine his attention entirely to the management of the store for his sound judgment and keen discernment were sought in other directions. In 1874 he became a director of the National City Bank and 1876 until his death was also the vice president of that institution. In 1843 Mr. Babcock was united in marriage to Miss Maria Hurd, a daughter of Hopson Hurd, Sr., of Aurora, Ohio. Mrs. Babcock passed away in 1882, 220 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND leaving two sons, George H. and Charles. In 1884 Mr. Babcock was again married, his second union being with Caroline Baldwin, of Hudson, Ohio, who survives him and still resides in that town. In his fraternal relations Perry H. Babcock was a Mason and in his life exemplified the beneficent spirit of the craft. His salient characteristics were such as commend him to the confidence, good will and trust of all who knew him. His interests were broad and varied and never self-centered and his activities reached out to many fields of labor which are essential elements in the world's progress. He took a deep interest in the Western Reserve Historical Society, of which he was a life member. In all of his business associations and in his private life he commanded the respect of all who knew him. He was singularly modest and while he never spoke boastfully of his own accomplishments the world recognizes the fact that his force of character, his enterprise and his honorable business methods constitute the chief features in the success which he achieved and the honor which was accorded him. It will be interesting in this connection to note something of the family which Mr. Babcock left. His elder son, George H. Babcock, was educated in the public schools and in 1865 became a member of the firm of Babcock, Hurd & Company, so continuing until his death in 1883. He was a Knight Templar Mason and a young man of sterling worth whose death was regarded as a distinct loss in the community. Charles Babcock, the younger son, was born January 28, 1853, in Aurora, Ohio, and was educated in the common schools and in Cornell University. He, too, made his initial step in the business world in connection with the firm of Babcock, Hurd & Company and after three years' association therewith, as an employe, he was admitted to a partnership in 1876. He also succeeded his father as a director in the National City Bank and is likewise a director of the Union Steel Screw Company, of the Bankers Surety Company, the McLean Arms & Ordnance Company and is interested in a number of other corporations. Mr. Babcock is interested in the promotion and building of the Kansas City, Mexico & Orient Railway. He is a worthy successor of an honored father, showing the same adaptability to prevailing conditions and the same keen discernment of intricate problems that characterized Perry H. Babcock. Charles Babcock was married in Bridgeport, Ohio, to Miss Kate S. Holloway of that place and unto them have been born four children : Virginia M., now the wife of Niles B: Hasbrouck, of Cleveland ; Lila P., the wife of Edwin H. James, of Cleveland ; Harry H., who died in childhood ; and Georgia K., who is the wife of Joseph W. Sutphen, of Cleveland. Charles Babcock is widely known through his social relations as well as in business connections. He belongs to the Union, Euclid, Country and Colonial Clubs, being one of the charter members and organizers of the last named. He also belongs to the Ohio Society of New York and the Winona Point Shooting Club. PHILIP O'NEIL. Through the greater part of his active connection with business interests in Cleveland, Philip O'Neil was president of an insurance company, which in the course of years secured an extensive clientage. He enjoyed the well earned distinction of being what the world calls a self-made man. His birth occurred in County Wexford, Ireland, and in that land he largely acquired his education and learned the tailor's trade. He came to America with his father, Dennis O'Neil, and when a young man took up his abode in Cleveland. The voyage across the Atlantic was a long and tedious one, for none of the ocean greyhounds were then in existence but eventually father and son reached their destination and for five or six years after arriving in Cleveland, Philip O'Neil continued to work at his trade in this city. Thinking to find a more profitable field in insurance, he then HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 221 joined Patrick O'Brian in organizing an insurance company, of which he became president and secretary. He so continued until the end of his days and in the interim succeeded in building up an extensive and profitable business. He never regretted his determination to come to this city but found in its business conditions the opportunities which he sought and in their improvement he made steady progress, winning the just and merited reward of earnest, persistent labor. On August 23, 1855, Mr. O'Neil was united in marriage to Miss Ellen Whelan, who was born in County Wexford, Ireland, and came to the United States with her father, John Whelan, who was a tailor in Ireland, whence he sailed for America with his family that he might rear them in "the land of the free" and give them the better advantages offered in the new world. Unto Mr. and Mrs. O'Neil were born eight children, of whom six are yet living: Dennis, a prominent manufac- turer near Chicago; Nellie F. ; Annie T. ; Mary C. ; John Philip, also of Chicago; and Lizzie, the wife of James J. Laughlin. In his political views Mr. O'Neil was an earnest republican but without aspiration for office, and he was an active member and generous supporter of the Catholic church. He possessed a most charitable spirit that prompted his ready and liberal assistance to any in need and it was by reason of his many acts of kindness and helpful services to those with whom he came in contact that he won the re- spect and friendship of all who knew him, while his death, which occurred in De- cember, 1881, was deeply regretted throughout the city of his adoption. Mrs. O'Neil has made her home in Cleveland since her husband's death. She may well be proud of her family, whom she has carefully reared and who indeed are a credit to her name. FRANK EDWARD STIVERSON. Frank Edward Stiverson, who is now president and general manager of the Stiverson Motor Car Company, a recently organized enterprise of Cleveland, has through individual merit and close application reached this prominent position in commercial circles. He is a son of Edward and Elizabeth (Heine) Stiverson, of Newburg, Ohio, and is a descendant of one of the old Holland families of New Amsterdam. The name was originally spelled Stuyvesant and among the ancestors was Peter Stuyvesant, governor of the Dutch who constituted the Manhattan colony. The birth of Frank E. Stiverson occurred near Cleveland in December, 1859, and his education was acquired in the Brownell public school of this city and Hiram, Ohio. When thirteen years Of age he was employed on a farm at Mantua, Ohio, and later engaged in the meat business at Painesville, Ohio. He after- ward engaged in the carriage and livery business with Hobert Harrison, a son of the junior partner of the firm of Storrs & Harrison, retailing carriages, wagons and farm, machinery. The enterprise was then conducted under the name of Harrison & Stiverson for two years, at the end of which time Ile purchased the interest of his partner and continued the business alone, the enterprise proving a successful venture under his careful management. At the same time he assumed the agency of the White bicycle, also the Cleveland bicycle and became agent for the United States Express Company. Leaving the business in the hands of a manager, he then traveled for the White Company, selling bicycles for six months in the year and in the fall returning to the business which he had established. Subsequently he traveled for the Lozier Bicycle Company, selling bicycles for the Cleveland branch of the business, and at length he disposed of his own business and became sales manager for the Champion Chemical Company, which he thus represented for three years. He did excellent work in that connection, after which he returned to Painesville, Ohio, and purchased the Cowles Hotel, the leading hotel of the city, which he managed for 222 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND two years. He then disposed of the hostelry and returned to the Champion Chemical Company, traveling to the Pacific coast and later making business trips to Cuba in the interest of that firm. In 1906 Mr. White of the White Company made Mr. Stiverson sales manager of the Ohio sales department. As the successor of Hobart Adams he was manager for the state of Ohio until November 1 1909, when he resigned his position with the White Company and began the manufacture of automobiles under the name of the Stiverson Motor Car Company of Cleveland. Of this company he is the president and general manager and, although this is a new enterprise, the business is well organized and promises to be a successful venture. His advancement—and his business life has been marked by steady progress—has been due to hard work, no fortunate combination of circumstances aiding him as he has passed on in his business life to larger undertakings and broader responsibilities. In 1896 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Stiverson and Miss Medora B. Stevens, a daughter of H. K. Stevens. Mr. Stiverson is the owner of the Stuyvesant apartments and has become recognized as a forceful factor in the business circles of the city. He belongs to the Automobile Club and gives his political allegiance to the republican party. Earnest, persistent and indefatigable labor has been the main feature in his life record and both as a business man and citizen he enjoys an enviable reputation. JUDGE THOMAS BOLTON. Judge Thomas Bolton, for many years one of Cleveland's most prominent attorneys and able jurists, ranking also as one of her foremost citizens in his day, was born in Scipio, Cayuga county, New York, November 29, 1809, a son of Thomas Bolton, who was an extensive farmer in that section of western New York. Judge Bolton first attended the district schools of his native county and at seventeen years of age entered the high school on Temple Hill m Geneseo, where he prepared for college. In the fall of 1829 he entered Harvard University, being graduated in the class of 1833, winning honors in mathematics. In this connection it is pleasant to revert to the fact that his most intimate schoolmate, classmate and fellow graduate was the Hon. Moses Kelly, who was afterward his partner in the practice of law for many years in Cleveland and that between .the two, from their earliest acquaintance to the time when death called Mr. Kelly, there was a steadfast and unbroken friendship that was almost fraternal. With time affluence came to both and their homes were side by side. Such lifelong friendships are unusual, but whenever they do exist they indicate the presence in both parties of true and trusty qualities, with true appreciation on the one hand of the other's sterling characteristics. Following his graduation Judge Bolton entered upon the study of law at Canandaigua, New York, in the office of John C. Spencer, a strong and distinguished member of the legal profession in that section. At the end of a year he came west to seek a permanent location where he might further pursue his studies and enter upon active practice. He located at Cleveland, finding that points farther west were hardly within the pale of civilization at that early day. This was in September, 1834, and Cleveland was but little more than a village of twenty-five hundred inhabitants. It was not incorporated as a city until 1836, when at a public meeting to determine on the corporate limits Mr. Bolton was appointed on a committee to draft the charter and urged that both sides of the river should be embraced within the boundary limits. Although he was overruled in this, the wisdom of his foresight and judgment was proven not many years afterward when that section was taken into the corporate limits of Cleveland. His active connection with municipal affairs was renewed as councilman in 1839 and as alderman in 1841. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 225 Returning to his professional life, Mr. Bolton, who had studied law for a year in the office of James L. Conger of Cleveland, was admitted to the bar in September, 1835, by the supreme court of Ohio, on the circuit, Chief Justice Peter Hitchcock then presiding. For about a year Mr. Bolton was in partnership with Mr. Conger and then purchased his interest in the business, after which he sent for his old college friend, Moses Kelly, to join him. They formed a partnership that continued until 1856, when Mr. Bolton was elected to the bench. For many years the firm of Bolton & Kelly stood in the front rank of the legal talent of Cleveland. As bearing upon his political career it may be narrated that in the fall of 1839 Judge Bolton was elected prosecuting attorney of the county, at which time the whig party was largely in the ascendency, commanding a plurality of from fifteen hundred to two thousand. Although he was a democrat and the candidate of that party for the office, he was elected after a residence of but five years in the county. Two years later, on the expiration of his term, he was strongly solicited by both parties to accept the position for another term but declined in consequence of the inadequacy of the salary. An incident occurred during his service as prosecuting attorney which had marked effect upon the politics of Cleveland and that section of the state. Until 1841 slave owners were in the habit of sending their agents to Cleveland and causing their runaway slaves to be arrested and taken before a magistrate, when a warrant would be obtained for the return of the slaves, who would thus be carried back to captivity. All this was common, creating little or no excitement, and Mr. Bolton in the practice of his profession was more frequently employed for this purpose than any other attorney in the city. In the spring of 1841, three negroes who were claimed as slaves had run away from New Orleans and were in Buffalo. The agent of their master applied to a law firm in Cleveland for assistance. At that time slaves arrested in Buffalo were in the habit of claiming a trial by jury, which was granted. To avoid a jury, some members of which might sympathize with the runaways, it was thought advisable to get the negroes into Ohio and accordingly one of the attorneys, the agent and a negro from Cleveland repaired to Buffalo. On their return the three negroes came with them and it was said they had been kidnaped. On reaching this city the negroes were arrested under the law of congress as fugitives from service and lodged in the county jail. Information of this at length reached the few abolition- ists then in Cleveland, among them the Hon. Edward Wade, and Hon. John A. Foote, prominent lawyers of that day. They applied to the jailer for permission to consult with the negroes, but public opinion was so strong against the abolition- ists that neither the jailer nor the sheriff would permit them to communicate with the prisoners. It came about through chance that a colored man asked Mr. Bolton if he would take up their defense. He readily assented, and being prosecuting attorney of the county and not an abolitionist a fact which was well understood the doors of the jail were readily opened to him and he immediately made preparation for a vigorous defense of the prisoners. A writ of habeas corpus was immediately applied for to Judge Barber, one of the associate judges at the time ; the negroes were brought before him and the case continued for ninety days to allow the defense time for preparation. When it became known about town that Mr. Bolton had undertaken the defense of the negroes great indignation was excited and many threatened to tear down his office and to use violence toward his person. This only aroused him to greater energy in behalf of the negroes. In the meantime indictments had been procured in Buffalo against the alleged kidnapers and the excitement in the city greatly increased, so that on the day of the trial the courthouse was packed to the doors. After an investigation which lasted two days, the court discharged the defendants and they were acquitted. From the iniquitous proceedings in the case and the manner in which it was prosecuted and the excitement it produced, the community was led to reflect upon the evils of the system and the oppression of the law, and from that day until the slave girl Lucy was sent back into Virginia in 1862 (to appease, it was said, the 226 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND wrath of the rebels), not a negro was sent back into slavery from Cleveland or Cuyahoga county. Mr. Bolton left the democratic party in 1848, or, as he claimed, it left him when it adopted its national platform of that year. He then joined the freesoil party, was a delegate to the Buffalo convention and one of its secretaries. In February, 1856, he assisted in organizing the republican party at the Pittsburg convention and in the summer of the same year was a delegate from his congressional district in the Philadelphia convention, which nominated Fremont and Dayton. When Judge Bolton was admitted to the bar the court of common pleas, under the old constitution, consisted of four members, a president judge and three associates, elected by the legislature ; and the supreme court of the state consisted of four judges, also chosen by the legislature. A session of the supreme court was held by two of its members once a year in each county, and three sessions a year were held by the court of common pleas in Cuyahoga and adjoining counties. In 1851,. by adoption of the new constitution, the judges were elected by the people for a term of five years. Hon. Samuel Starkweather was the first judge elected under the new system and in 1856 Thomas Bolton was chosen his successor. In 1861 Judge Bolton was unanimously renominated and elected without opposition, and on the expiration of his second term, in 1866, he retired not only from the bench but also from the bar. He had come to the bar of Cleveland before the city was incorporated and entered upon practice with the force and earnestness which were the ruling elements of his nature. He was a strong man among eminently able fellow practitioners and his promptness and punctuality in the courts were proverbial. If he granted indulgences, he never asked for any, He was less given to books than his partner, Moses Kelly, who was the student and chancery member of the firm, but in the ordinary departments of the common law and in criminal practice Judge Bolton was most at home. He prepared his cases with the most thorough premeditation of the line of his own evidence and of all the opposing evidence that could possibly be anticipated. His arguments, while not studied as to finish, were strong, intensely practical and to the point. On the bench he was hardy and vigorous in his perceptions and understandings, thoroughly versed and ready in the law of pleadings and evidence. His ten years' service as judge was honorable to himself and valuable to the public. In all the phases of his professional career and private life he was thoroughly upright. He retired with an ample fortune amassed through foresight and business energy and his remaining years were devoted to his family and home, of which he was very fond. Judge Bolton first married Elizabeth L. Cone and after her death wedded Emeline Russell, who survives, as do his two sons : Charles C., of Cleveland, who is mentioned elsewhere in this work ; and James H., who is clerk of the United States district court at Sioux City, Iowa. Judge Bolton's death occurred February 1, 1871. WILLIAM FERNLEY BONNELL. William Fernley Bonnell, well and favorably known in industrial, financial and investment security circles in Cleveland, is a native of Bradford, Yorkshire, England, born November 16, 1862. His father, Joseph Fernley Bonnell, a manufacturer of harness, died in England in 1876, while his mother, who previous to her marriage was Elizabeth Duffill, died in that country in 1896. William Fernley Bonnell pursued his education in private schools to the age of fifteen years, when he entered the English navy, spending three years as a midshipman. On the expiration of that period, in 188o, he concluded to try his fortunes in America. Locating in Chicago, he at once became identified with the iron business and remained there until 1882. This was the beginning of an identification that continued for more than a quarter of a century, during HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 227 which time Mr. Bonnell became one of the well known men of the country in the iron and steel trade. In 1882 he located at Youngstown, Ohio, where he subsequently became prominently identified with that line of industry. In 1890 he was made treasurer of the Hubbard Iron Company and in 1893 was elected treasurer of the Mahoning Valley Iron Company. He became district sales agent of the Republic Iron & Steel Company in 1899 and that year removed to Cleveland. In 1901 Mr. Bonnell became a member and active business manager of the firm of Otis, Bonnell & Company of Cleveland, conducting an iron and steel commission business. Each change marked a forward step in his business career, bringing him into important relations with the iron and steel trade. In May, 1909, he became manager of the Cleveland branch of the firm of W, C. Langley & Company, brokers of New York. Mr. Bonnell's well known business ability, his hosts of friends and the high standing of the firm have been factors in quickly building up one of the leading businesses of the city, with a very high class clientele. Moreover, he has varied and extensive interests, being first vice president of the National Car Wheel Company and a director of the F. B. Stearns Company. His activity and enterprise constitute a dynamic force in the successful management of various concerns which are valuable factors in com- mercial and industrial circles. On the 30th of June, 1904, Mr. Bonnell was married in Rochester, Penn- sylvania, to Miss Mabel M. Fry, a daughter of H. C. Fry of that city and a graduate of Vassar College. Their son is William F., Jr., four years of age. Mr. Bonnell's residence is at No. 1972 Ford Drive. There a spirit of cordial hospitality always greets his many friends. Mr. Bonne11 believes that the best interests of the country are conserved through the adoption of republican principles and therefore gives to the party his loyal support at the polls. Otherwise he is not active in politics but movements for municipal progress receive his en- dorsement and support. He is connected with the Builders Exchange, while in more specifically social hnes his membership relations extend to the Union, Roadside, Country, Euclid, Tavern, Hermit, Cleveland Automobile, Cleveland Athletic and Gentlemen's Driving Clubs of this city, the Youngstown Club, the Mahoning Golf Club and the Royen Club. He is now the president of the Cleveland Automobile Club, WILLIAM B. MAXSON. William B. Maxson, well known in insurance circles as senior partner of the firm of Maxson & Perdue, at the outset of his business career recognized the truth of the epigrammatical expression by the old Greek sage, Epicharmus : "Earn thy reward : the gods give naught to sloth." Putting forth earnest effort, therefore, in the course of his business career, Mr. Maxson has made steady progress and is now conducting an extensive insurance business. He was born in Andover, New York, March 23, 1865, a son of F. S. and Alniira (Clark) Maxson. The father, also a native of Andover, was born in 1835, came to Cleveland in 1872 and is now associated with his son William, being still active in business at the age of seventy-four years. His wife died in 1901. Brought to Cleveland at the age of seven years, William B. Maxson acquired his education in the public schools here and in 1885 entered the Mercantile Insurance Company as a clerk, there remaining until 1890, during which time he obtained considerable experience in insurance lines. In that year, associated with Thomas E. Gill and Horace Foote, he formed the firm of Gill, Foote & Maxson, which firm became the successors of the Mercantile Insurance Com- pany. In Iwo the name was 'changed to William B. Maxson & Company and on the 1st of January, 1907, became Maxson & Perdue, Robert H. Perdue hay- 228 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ing entered the firm in 1900. They carried a general line of insurance, representing a number of the old, reliable companies and their annual volume of business is indicated by a large figure. Mr. Maxson is also president of the Cleveland Fire Insurance Exchange and president of the Fire Insurance Clearing Association. Directing his energies into other fields of activity, he has also become president of the Shaker Parkway Land Company, president of the Coventry Road Land Company, president of the Ohio Desk & Chair Company, vice president of the Union Elevator Company and director of the Thomas H. Geer Company. He is likewise associated financially with various other business organizations and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. His activity has been so varied and his interests so extensive as fo make his labors of particular benefit to the upbuilding of the city along lines of commercial, industrial and financial progress. Mr. Maxson is also well known as a director of the Cleveland Athletic Club and a member of the Union, Roadside, Euclid and Hermits clubs. He has always been active in local military organizations, joining the Fifth Ohio Regiment as lieutenant of Company B, in 1883. In 1886 he joined the First Cleveland Troop, serving through the regular term of enlistment and in 1889 became a member of the Gatling Gun Battery, serving as adjutant. In 1898 he was elected a lieutenant of the Naval Reserves and afterward became captain of Company I, of the Tenth Ohio Volunteers. In politics he is a republican but is not an active worker in party ranks. He belongs to the Euclid Avenue Baptist church and is a lover of all outdoor sports, particularly fishing, baseball and golf. Mr. Maxson was married in Cleveland, February 6, 1896, to Miss Gertrude Perdue, theirs being the first wedding celebrated in the Calvary Presbyterian church. Mrs. Maxson is a daughter of Eugene H. Perdue, formerly proprietor of the Cleveland Leader, and by this marriage there is one son, Clark P. Maxson, ten years of age. ADAM J. FAWCETT. Adam J. Fawcett, one of the progressive young business men of Cleveland, whose name has been connected with automobile interests for some time and who is now actively and successfully engaged in the confectionery business in connection with The Bailey Company, was born in Toronto, Canada, in 1878. He pursued his education in the schools of his native city until his graduation from the high school, when he entered business life as a clerk in the employ of J. Boyd, a lumber contractor operating in the woods of Canada. He was thus engaged for a year, after which he came to Cleveland, and in the fall of 1896 entered the employ of the Cleveland Sawmill Company, with which he remained until 1898, when the Spanish-American war was inaugurated. Although not a native-born citizen of the United States, Mr. Fawcett's interest was keenly aroused in the conditons which brought on the war and, enlisting in the navy, he served for two years. He left Cleveland in May, 1898, to join the Onondaga revenue cutter as an ordinary seaman. Before reaching Boston, however, he was promoted to quartermaster of the third class. Arriving at Norfolk, Virginia, his boat was put into the coast service, cruising between Norfolk and Eastport, Maine, and during this period he was promoted to the rank of quartermaster of the first class. Leaving the service in the fall of 1900, Mr. Fawcett returned to Cleveland and accepted his old position with the Cleveland Sawmill Company, and through the influence of his friend L. D. Holden, who was president of this company, 'he became connected with the Hollenden Hotel. After serving as night clerk for about six months he was made auditor of the hotel company and remained in the position for four years. On the 15th of March, 1903, he became associated with his father-in-law, M. F. Jewell, in the confectionery business on Erie street and they HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 231 also secured the concession in their line with the Bailey Company's store, the soda fountain business in that connection being the largest in Cleveland. In addition Mr. Fawcett owned and operated the Tabernacle garage from 1907 until the property was sold to the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers for their headquarters. When he gave up his garage business Mr. Fawcett beCame agent for the Oakland car, establishing business under the name of The Avenue Motor Car Company, and was also agent for the Pope-Hartford people, but when this agency was taken over by the General Motors Company in January, two, Mr. Fawcett retired from the automobile business and now devotes his entire energies to the conduct of his confectionery and soda business, which is the most extensive in the city. On the 24th of April, 1902, occurred the marriage of Mr. Fawcett and Miss Daisy Jewell, a daughter of M. F. Jewell, and they have three children: Gertrude and Jean, twins, six years of age; and Millard, aged two years. Mr. Fawcett is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. He belongs to the Cleveland Athletic and to the Cleveland Automobile Clubs, and is exceedingly popular in both. He is also a prominent representative of Masonry, holding membership in Iris Lodge No. 229, F. & A. M.; Webb Chapter, R. A. M.; Oriental Commandery, K. T., and Lake Erie Consistory. S P. R. S., thirty-second degree Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite. He is very fond of outdoor sports and he and his wife each year go to northern Canada deer hunting. Mrs. Fawcett is also an ardent enthusiast and has brought down several fine deer. Mr. Fawcett has one of the finest collections of modern rifles and guns of all descriptions in Cleveland and is a true sportsman, thoroughly at home in the forests, with knowledge of woodcraft such as few possess. A varied and interesting life has been that of Mr. Fawcett and in the short time he has been in business he has achieved an enviable prominence, establishing a reputation as a most alert, energetic and progressive man, well deserving the confidence of those with whom he is associated. HENRY WICK CORNING. Henry Wick Corning, capable and resourceful, manifesting a ready and in- telligent adoption of expedients in the conduct of extensive business interests as the secretary and treasurer of the Standard Sewing Machine Company, was born in Cleveland, January 13, 1869. The ancestral history is one of close connection with American interests in the direct line since the early colonization of the new world. Samuel Corning, the first representative of the family in this country, arrived in 1637, settling at Beverly, Massachusetts. The line is traced down through his sons, Samuel, John, Benjamin, John, and Warren Corning. The last named removed from Acworth, New Hampshire, to Mentor, Ohio, in 1810 and became the founder of the family in this state. He erected the first frame dwelling in Mentor township. His son, Solon Corning, wedded Almira Elizabeth Holmes, a daughter of Orrin Holmes, one of the early settlers of Willoughby, Ohio. Her mother was Mary Gardner Card, whose father was one of the first residents of the Western Reserve, coming to this'state from Rhode Island. Warren Holmes Corning, the father of Henry Corning, was born September 18, 1841, and became senior member of the firm of Corning & Company, of Peoria, Illinois, while later he was prominently identified with the banking and financial interests of Cleveland. He wedded Mary Helen Wick, a daughter of Henry and Mary Sophia (Hine) Wick, extended mention of whom is made elsewhere in this volume. Henry W. Corning, after attending the public schools of Cleveland, continued his education in St. Paul's School, of Concord, New Hampshire, and in Harvard University, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of 232 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Arts with the class of 1891. Returning home after his graduation, he became his father's assistant in the management of his various private interests and in 1895 became connected with the Standard Sewing Machine Company, of which he was elected treasurer, while later the duties of the dual position of secretary and 'treasurer were entrusted to him. The interests of the company have been substantially promoted through his efforts, enterprise and sound judgment. He is a director of the First National Bank, of the Guardian Trust & Savings Bank and the Adams & Bagnall Electric Company, in which concerns his voice is an influencing factor, for he is recognized as a man of strong business sense and keen discernment. On the 2d of November, 1897, Mr. Corning was united in marriage to Miss Edith Warden, a daughter of William G. and Sadie (Bushnell) Warden, of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. There are two children of this marriage, Mary and Warren Holmes. Mr. Corning's military experience embraces membership with Troop A of the Ohio National Guard, in which command he has served as second and first lieutenant. He also served as captain of Troop A of the First Ohio Cavalry during the Spanish-American war, his course in this connection setting at naught the contention of many that young men of means of the present day are entirely self-centered and have little concern with the events which shape the history of the country. His political allegiance is given to the republican party where national issues are involved, and at local elections he is identified with the independent movement which is seeking to elect men of trustworthiness and good business ability, without regard to political affiliations, to administer the business affairs of the city. Neither are the social interests of life neglected by Mr. Corning, who is a popular and valued member of the Cleveland Athletic, Union, Roadside, Country, Tavern and Mayfield Country Clubs, of Cleveland, and the Knickerbocker Club, of New York. His leisure hours are regaled with the delights of golf, tennis and motoring, and the success which is his is the legitimate result of his well-directed business activity, which enables him to maintain an attractive home at 5219 Prospect avenue and a country place at Mentor, Ohio. JOHN MILTON DOWNEY. John Milton Downey, a practicing attorney of Cleveland, was born in Harrisonville, Ohio, May 29, 186o. In the paternal line he comes of Irish ancestry, his grandfather, William Downey, having been born in County Down, near Belfast. About 1825 he came to the United States and settled in Pennsylvania, where he followed the occupation of farming. His son, Nathaniel Downey, was born in the vicinity of Freedom, Pennsylvania, in December, 1833, and was a gunsmith by trade. He came to Ohio about 1858 and in 1861 removed to Jackson, where he has since resided. He is now living retired. In 1863 he responded to the president's call for aid and enlisted as a member of the First Ohio Heavy Artillery, becoming first lieutenant. He served until the end of the war and was with Sheridan in the Cedar Creek campaign and witnessed the famous ride of that general at Winchester, when, covering twenty miles in an almost incredible time, he turned the tide of war and saved the day. During the winter of 1863-4 Nathaniel Downey was on garrison duty at Bowling Green, Kentucky, and was afterward with Grant in the Wilderness campaign. He married Sidney Stephenson, who was born in Jackson county, Ohio, in December, 1833, and died in the city of Jackson, November 3, 1905. Her father, John Stephenson, was born in Virginia in 1796, and died in 1860. He was a farmer by occupation and while looking after his sheep one night he fell over the edge of a cliff and was crippled. He therefore had to give up farming and removed to Jackson, after which he was elected probate judge of Jackson county and later was reelected. He held successively thereafter every county office except county coroner and prosecuting HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 233 attorney, acting at different times as sheriff, clerk of the courts, treasurer and county recorder. He died while in the latter office, after entering upon his second term. He was a whig in his political views and was recognized as one of the leaders of the party in his district. The Stephenson family comes of Scotch ancestry and William Stephenson, the great-grandfather of John M. Downey, Was a soldier in the Revolutionary war. His son, John Stephenson, mentioned above, was a soldier in the war of 1812. His wife was a daughter of John Forney; who was born in Maine, and, coming to Ohio, cast in his lot with the pioneer settlers of the southern part of the state. He made his home in Gallia county, took part in the Indian fights of the early days and assisted in developing the district in which he lived. John Milton Downey pursued his early education in the common schools and was graduated from the high school at Jackson in the class of 1880. He then studied law in the office of Moore & Atkinson at Jackson, and was graduated from the Cincinnati Law School as LL. B. in 1882 and was admitted to the bar. He at once began practice in Jackson and was there elected and served for one term as city solicitor. He continued in practice there until 1885, when he purchased an interest in the Jackson Journal and became its editor, there remaining until January 1 1888, when he removed to Cincinnati and became a reporter on the Cincinnati Post. After nine months he went to the Cincinnati Times-Star, of which Charles P. Taft was then, as now, proprietor. Three months later, on the recommendation of Mr. Taft, he accepted a position as editor of the Hamilton Daily News, published at Hamilton, Ohio, and continued in the editorial chair for seven years. In 1896, however, he resigned to become staff correspondent of the Cincinnati Commercial Gazette, with which he continued from the 1st of January until the 1st of July, 1896. The paper then consolidated with the Cincinnati Tribune and Mr. Downey removed to Canton, becoming staff correspondent with the Scripps-McRae League in the campaign of 1896. After the November election he went to New York and was staff correspondent on the New York Press for a few months but his wife did not like the east and they returned to Ohio, settling in Cleveland. Soon afterward Mr. Downey was appointed assistant chief clerk of the waterworks department and so continued un- til the spring of 1899, when he resigned and entered upon the practice of law, in which he still continues, giving his attention to general practice. On the 29th of May, 1885, Mr. Downey was married to Miss Tillie Hadway, a daughter of Porter and Mary Ann (Johnson) Hadway. Her father was judge of the court of common pleas in Jackson county, Ohio, being elected in 1867 and serving for a second term. He retired in 1877 and died in 1879, at the age of fifty-three years. Mr. and Mrs. Downey have one son, Ivan Ellsworth, who was born February 9, 1887, and was graduated from the Shaw high school in 1909. The family residence is maintained in East Cleveland, a suburb of the city. Mr. Downey is a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity, a stalwart republican in politics and a member Of the Epworth Memorial church. His life has been one of intelligently directed activity, whether in journalistic circles or in the field of law practice, and he is now accorded a large clientage which attests his ability in the work of the courts. CAPTAIN GEORGE STONE. Cleveland owes her growth and prosperity primarily to the fact of her advantageous situation on the shores of the lake and later to the fact that the men who settled here in early days possessed foresight and prescience sufficient to understand the value of the situation and used it to promote the trade conditions of the growing western city. Among this number was Captain George Stone, ,a conspicuous figure in the early lake navigation. He was born at Nor- 234 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND mandale, in County Norfolk, Canada, March 17, 1823. His father, John Stone, on leaving Canada, settled at Port Huron, Michigan, where for some time he was connected with vessel interests and thus closely associated with navigation on the lakes. His wife bore the maiden name of Leah Manuel. Captain Stone came to Ohio from Canada when seventeen years of age, making location at that time in Vermilion. He first shipped as a sailor on the lakes in 1844 and owned his first boat when twenty-five years of age. About 1848 he became master of the Napoleon, which he sailed for two seasons and the next year he sailed with the Torn Corwin. During the succeeding five years he was master of the New Haven, at that time one of the largest vessels on the lake, with a capacity of seven thousand bushels of wheat. In 1857 Captain Stone became associated with Captain Alva Bradley and was superintendent of all the Bradley boats, became financially interested in the Bradley Transportation Company and acted as general manager for some time. In fact the business and friendly relations between Captain Stone and Captain Bradley existed until the death of the latter in 1885, when Captain Stone was appointed one of the executors of the Bradley estate. The vessels which Captain Stone commanded for the Bradley Transportation Company included the schooners Wagstaff, Escanaba, Fayette Brown and Alva Bradley and the steamers J. S. Fay, E. B. Hale and Henry Chrisholm. He continued in active connection with the lake navigation until 1880, when he retired and from that time until his death gave his attention to the supervision of his own business interests. In 1845 Captain Stone was united in marriage to Miss Emily Cuddeback, at Vermilion, Ohio, and unto them were born two children who survive : Captain Henry Stone, who is captain of the steamer, Rufus P. Ranney; and Mrs. Marion J. Thompson. The death of Captain George Stone occurred October 25, 1905. Had he lived until the last day of the month he and his wife would have celebrated their sixtieth wedding anniversary. She still survives, although she is now in feeble health. For many years they made their home at No. 14211 Euclid avenue and spent several winters in Los Angeles, California, prior to his death. Captain Stone was for years a stalwart advocate of the democracy but later joined the prohibition party because of his firm advocacy of temperance. He belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and to the East Cleveland Presbyterian church, in the work and upbuilding of which he took an active interest. His life was at all times guided by high and honorable principles, bringing him into close connection with all that is best and enduring in life and his memory remains as a blessed benediction to all who knew him. CYRUS A. JEWETT. Cyrus A. Jewett, one of the directors of the George Worthington Company of Cleveland, is numbered among the native sons of Cuyahoga county, his birth having occurred at Newburg in 1858. His father, Captain Charles Porter Jewett, was born in Newburg township, Cuyahoga county, in 1824, and was a son of Moses Jewett, one of the pioneers of the Western Reserve, coming to Cuyahoga county and settling in Newburg about 1820. He engaged in farming, became an extensive landholder and was one of the prominent citizens of his time. Captain Charles Porter Jewett, who was actively engaged in agricultural pursuits in his early manhood, subsequently became one of the organizers of the South Cleveland Banking Company. He was likewise prominent in public affairs and was honored by election to the office of county commissioner, proving a faithful and efficient incumbent in that position. During the period of hostilities between the north and the south he loyally defended the interests of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 237 the Union as a member of the Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry and when mustered out held the rank of captain. His demise, which occurred in ig00, was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he had an extensive circle of friends in the county where his entire life had been spent. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Adeline A. Adams and whose birth occurred in Massachusetts in 1826, still survives. Her parents became early settlers of Ohio and she has made her home in this state throughout practically her entire life. She was the daughter of Joshua A. and Adeline (Athearn) Adams, who became residents of Newburg, Ohio, in 1826. The first American ancestor of the Adams family was Henry Adams, who came from Devonshire, England, with his wife, eight sons and one daughter in 1632, settling in Braintree, Massachusetts, and in 1641 was voted a grant of land. He was the first clerk of Braintree after its separation from Boston. One of his grandsons was John Adams, the second president of the United States. One of his sons, Edward Adams, lived at Medfield, Massachusetts, where he was much employed in public duties, being ensign and selectman for many years. He also served as representative in the first two general courts. His eldest son, also Edward Adams, married Elizabeth Walley and one of their sons was Eliashib Adams, who married Reliance Mayhew, a descendant of Governor Thomas Mayhew. Their son, Mayhew Adams, born in 1729, married Rebecca Mayhew, and they became the parents of seventeen children. One of the sons, Mayhew Adams, was a Revolutionary soldier serving as second major of Colonel Beniah Norton's Dukes County Regiment Massachusetts militia, while a second son was James Adams, who married Dinah Allen., Of the six children of that marriage, Joshua A. Adams, married Adeline Athearn and became the founder of the Ohio branch of the family. He was the maternal grandfather of the subject of this review. Dinah Allen was descended from George Allen, who was born in England in 1658 and came to America with the Puritans in 1635, settling at Sargus Lynn in 1637. He, with Edmund Freeman and others, purchased and settled the township of Sandwich, Massachusetts, where he served in various official capacities until his death in 1648. Governor Thomas Mayhew, ancestor of the May- hew family, was born in Southampton, England, coming to America in 1635 and residing in the Watertown colony until 1645, when he went to Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts, of which province he served as governor. He was a man of wide influence and engaged in preaching to the Indians for many years, as did his son, the Rev. Thomas Mayhew, and his grandson, the Rev. John Mayhew, the latter devoting his life to Indian mission work. After his death his work was carried on by his son, the Rev. Experience Mayhew, who served as chaplain of the four thousand New England troops who served in the taking of Louisberg in the war between the colonists on the one side and the French and Indians on the other. His mother was Thankful Hinkley, a daughter of Governor Thomas Hinkley, a son of Samuel and Sarah Hinkley, who came to America in the ship Hercules in 1635. He served as the last governor of Ply- mouth colony, his term of office being from 168o until 1692. At the usual age Cyrus A. Jewett entered the public schools in pursuit of an education that .would equip him for the practical and responsible duties of life and, after putting aside his text-books, in 1877, he became general utility man in the store of the George Worthington Company, jobbers of hardware. He has been .continuously identified with this concern to the present time, gradually working his way up from a minor position to one of large responsibility. For twelve years he represented the firm on the road as a traveling salesman and is now one of the directors of the company, in which connection his excellent business ability and keen foresight have proven factors in its successful control. In 1891 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Jewett and Miss Ella S. Jones, a native of Cleveland and a daughter of Edmund B. and Ella (Lockhead) Jones. Mr. and Mrs. Jewett have a daughter, Margaret Adeline, who is now attend- 238 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ing the Hathaway-Brown school. Mrs. Jewett before her marriage was prominent in musical circles, having studied under Professor Underner and Signor Bonfi and was for some years contralto of the Grace Episcopal church choir of Newburg. The political views of Mr. Jewett are indicated by his support of the men and measures of the republican party, while fraternally he is a thirty-second degree Mason and also belongs to the Mystic Shrine. His social nature finds expression through his membership in the Euclid, Roadside and Cleveland Athletic Clubs. He finds enjoyment in his leisure hours in golf and motoring. He is well known and highly esteemed throughout the county in which he has always resided. His prosperity is entirely due to his own labor, his utilization of opportunities and his persistency of purpose. FRANK PELTON. Frank Pelton is remembered as a man of unostentatious demeanor but of genuine worth, who in the conduct of his business affairs never took advantage of the necessities of others but sought success along constructive lines that were beneficial alike to the individual and the community. He was one of the chief promoters of the shipping interests of Cleveland and his death, which occurred November 2, 1876, was a source of deep regret in business and social circles. He Was born June 8. 1833, in Chester, Connecticut. His parents were Russell and Pamelia Pelton, likewise natives of that state. They traveled across the country with teams to Cleveland in 1835 and the father established a general store, which he conducted for a time, but later purchased a large farm on Denison Road in Brooklyn and gave his attention to general agricultural pursuits. Frank Pelton was but two years of age when the family came to Ohio, pursuing his education in the village schools, the old Brooklyn Academy and in Baldwin University at Berea, Ohio, where he pursued the Latin course. At the age of seventeen years he left school and engaged in clerking for his brother-in- law, who was in the ship chandlery business. After three years thus spent Mr. Pelton rented a part of his father's farm and engaged in general agricultural pursuits for nine years. He afterward rented his brother's farm, which he cultivated for five years. He then removed near the city and became connected with shipping interests, being associated with M. A. Hanna and others, who were the recognized leaders in the shipping industry in Cleveland. His vessels were among the first to bring iron ore to this port and he continued his active connection with navigation until his death, being one of the most successful among those who developed the marine transportation interests of this part of the country. His brother, F. W. Pelton, was also 'a prominent resident of Cleveland and for one term served as mayor of the city. On the 8th of January, 1854, Mr. Pelton was married to Miss Mary Knight, who was born in Glens Falls, New York, July 3o, 1833, and in 1852 came to Cleveland, where she has since been well known in connection with the social life of the city. She is a daughter of Moses and Esther (Brown) Knight, who removed from New Hampshire to the Empire state in an early day, the father there engaging in business as an architect, surveyor and machinist. The Knight family long generations ago removed from France to England and the first representatives of the name in this country came to Newburyport, Massachusetts, early in the seventeenth century and were prominent in the history of that region in colonial days. Many members of the family served in the French and Indian war and in the Revolutionary war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Pelton were born eleven children, as follows : Cora B., the wife of Dr. E. H. Jewett, of Cleveland ; Russell K., who is manager of the Rose estate in this city ; Ellen M.; Mary F., the widow of E. Cogswell ; Noyes F., who died in infancy; Esther L., the wife of Thomas H. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 239 Talbot, a resident of Oakland, California ; Glenn W., who has passed away ; Clarence B., who is also deceased; Emily G., the wife of Harry H. Shutts, of Oakland, California ; Francis S., who is a traveling salesman ; and Lura A., deceased. Mr. Pelton was a republican, stanch in his advocacy of the party and for many years served as a trustee of Brooklyn township, while for a long period he was also a member of the board of education. He also attended and assisted in building the Franklin Avenue Methodist Episcopal church. He was a charter member of Glen Lodge, the Amazon Lodge of Odd Fellows and Bigelow Lodge of Masons. His military history covered service with Company C, First Light Artillery, under command of General Barnett. After the outbreak of the Civil war this company enlisted for one hundred days' service and on their return Mr. Pelton was mustered out. He reenlisted, however, with the rank of lieutenant but, owing to ill health, previous to his active service in the field, was honorably discharged. He never allowed the accumulation of wealth to in any way affect his relation toward those less fortunate. He was a man of kindly spirit and good heart, devoted to his family and a liberal donor to worthy charities and to the poor where assistance was needed. H. HUGHES JOHNSON. H. Hughes Johnson, attorney at law of Cleveland, was born at Cape May, New Jersey, March 16, 1872. His father, Eldridge Johnson, occupied the office of city treasurer of Cape May for twenty-five years. His mother was Jane Hughes, who was a daughter of Albert Hughes. H. Hughes Johnson graduated from the public schools of Cape May, after which he came to Ohio and entered Wooster Preparatory School. He then spent three years in Wooster College and afterward entered the senior class of the University of Pennsylvania, from which he was graduated in 1896. He took his law course at the Ohio State University Law School. In October, 1898, he was admitted to the bar and in January, 1899, began practice in Cleveland with the firm of Bunts & Beavis. After the death of Mr. Bunts, Mr. Johnson continued with Mr. Beavis until October, 1906, when he severed his association with Mr. Beavis, since which time he has been alone. Mr. Johnson married Miss Katherine Lucas, a daughter of Dr. J. J. Lucas, president of Allahabad College. He is a member of the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian church and of the University Club. WILBERT C. WARNER, M. D. Dr. Wilbert C. Warner, since June, 1894, a practitioner of internal medicine in Cleveland, with office and residence at the corner of Eighty-ninth street and Hough avenue, was born in Lacona, New York, on the 16th of February, 1864. The first representatives of the Warner family in this country came from England shortly after the landing of the Pilgrims, taking up their abode among the earliest settlers of Hartford, Connecticut. Many of the name participated in the various wars of the country and the family has also been well represented in the medical profession. Hon. Andrew S. Warner, the father of our subject, was a native of Oswego county, New York, and became an active and prominent factor in the public life of his community, serving as state senator and in various other positions of public trust and responsibility. He studied medicine in early manhood but later became identified with general agricultural pursuits, believing that the life of 240 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND a farmer was more conducive to health than that of a physician. During the period of the Civil war he served as colonel of the One Hundred and Forty-seventh New York Volunteer Infantry. His demise occurred on the 25th of December, 1887, when he had attained the age of seventy years. His widow, who bore the maiden name of Chloe Monroe and is likewise a native of Oswego county, New York, still survives at the age of sixty-five years, making her home at Pulaski, New York. She comes of old Vermont stock, her ancestors having crossed the Atlantic from England to the United States at an early period in the colonization of the new world. Wilbert C. Warner obtained his literary education in Pulaski Academy and Cornell University and then, having determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work, pursued courses of study along that line in Syracuse University and Dartmouth College. He received the degree of M. D. from the latter institution in 1887 and subsequently spent two years in European hospitals, principally at Vienna. In June, 1894, soon after his return to the United States, he located in Cleveland, which city has since remained the scene of his professional labors, his practice continually growing in volume and importance as his skill and ability have become recognized. He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the Cleveland Medical Library Association and others, while socially he is identified with the Euclid Club. He is known as one worthy of the trust and confidence of his fellowmen, not only in professional circles but in private life' as well, and Cleveland accounts him a valuable addition to the ranks of her medical fraternity. JOHN T. HUTCHINSON. John T. Hutchinson, who at the time of his death was one of the oldest and most successful vessel owners on the lakes and was for many years prominently connected with the carrying trade, was born in Oswego, New York. No resident of Cleveland was more closely, actively or prominently associated with navigation interests, and the enterprise which he displayed in this connection brought him substantial prosperity and was of direct benefit to the shippers of the city. Mr. Hutchinson began business in this line when twenty-four years of age, or in 1861, by the purchase of an interest in the scow Monitor, which was about two hundred and sixty-five tons. It was built for the purpose of carrying lumber from Lorain and Fremont to Buffalo, from which point it was shipped to New York, where it was used in the construction of the ironclad Monitor that sunk the Merrimac in Hampton Roads during the Civil war. Mr. Hutchinson owned the scow until the fall of that year, when he sold the vessel for fifty-five hundred dollars. He afterward became third owner in the construction of the steamer Lac La Belle, his partners in this enterprise being La Frenier Brothers. In the fall of 1860 Mr. Hutchinson married Miss Emma C. Camp, a daughter of C. L. Camp, who died two years later. Of the estate Mr. Hutchinson borrowed five thousand dollars and with this he purchased the scow Ellen White, which he used in the lumber and stone trade, making trips to and from all points on the lower lakes, although little was done on Lake Superior. He owned this scow for several years, when she burned off Port Dover. In 1862 he purchased the schooner Milan, which he sold three years later and then bought the bark Orphan Boy, of William Kelley, of Milan, the purchase price being twenty-eight thousand dollars. For a few years he owned this vessel and on selling her bought the schooner Winona for eighteen thousand dollars. He owned that vessel for three years and then entered into partnership with S. H. Foster, building the schooner I. N. Foster, at a cost of twenty-four thousand dollars. After the sale of that vessel Mr. Hutchinson built the Emma C. Hutchinson in the winter of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 243 1872-3, naming the schooner in honor of his wife. This is still in commission. It was launched June 12, 1873, and has been very fortunate, no losses being charged against her except six thousand dollars. Her tonnage is six hundred and ninety-eight and when she was built she was one of the largest schooners on the lakes. The next vessels which Mr. Hutchinson owned were the Rube Richards and the May Richards, the former a steamer and the latter a schooner, which he purchased in the winter of 1877-8, at a cost of fifty-eight thousand dollars for the two. He afterward bought an interest in the steamer Queen of the West and later became owner of the Germanic, which had a carrying capacity of two thousand tons and cost ninety-five thousand dollars. The vessels owned by Mr. Hutchinson in 1899 were the steamers Germanic, Rube Richards and Queen of the West, and the schooners Emma C. Hutchinson and May Richards. It will be seen from the foregoing that he was constantly extending his operations and working his way upward in lake navigation circles. His investments at length represented many thousands of dollars, while his annual business was represented by a large figure. His vessels were constantly in use in the shipping trade of this part of the country and the volume of his business brought him a most substantial and gratifying financial return. As above stated, Mr. Hutchinson was married to Miss Emma C. Camp, who was born in Cleveland, her father being Charles L, Camp, who came to this city from the state of New York when there was but one house here. With the early development and progress of Cleveland he was closely associated and was engaged in the dry-good's business for many years. He was also for a considerable period vice president of the old City Bank and figured prominently in financial circles. He built the first four-story brick building in Cleveland on Superior street and was one of the organizers and founders of many of Cleveland's business enterprises, which greatly promoted the business development and prosperity of the city. He formulated his plans carefully, was determined in their execution and so utilized the means at hand that he seemed to have attained at any one point of his career the possibility for successful attainment at that point. Mr. Camp married Miss Clarissa Blicksley and they became the parents of five children, of whom four are living: Mrs. David Foster, Miss Mary E. Camp, Mrs. Hutchinson and Mrs. Thompson. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Hutchinson was blessed with two children : Charles L,, who is his father's successor in business, and Mrs. S. A. Mintz, of Ashtabula, Ohio. Mr. Hutchinson was greatly interested in the welfare of the city and did much toward its advancement. In all of his business affairs he was thoroughly reliable and trustworthy and the spirit of enterprise also characterized his work. His success came to him gradually as the reward of persistent effort, careful management and laudable ambition, and he remained an active factor in the shipping interests of Cleveland until his death, which occurred in May, 1903. He was most widely known among all those connected with lake navigation and his salient qualities of character won him respect and good will. RALPH KINSEY UPDEGRAFF, M. D. Ralph Kinsey Updegraff, physician and surgeon, was born in Cleveland, March 30, 1873. His father, Robert D. Updegraff, was born in Mount Pleasant, Ohio, and was a son of Dr. Jonathan T. Updegraff, a physician who represented his district in congress for thirteen years and was an intimate friend of Garfield. His opinions carried weight in the councils of the republican party in this state and he also left the impress of his individuality upon the national laws that were enacted during his service in congress. He served also as a surgeon in the Civil war and likewise participated in the Franco-Prussian war 244 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND while pursuing post-graduate work in Europe. In private life he won distinction as a leading and learned physician and also became well known as a breeder of fancy horses, owning at one time Flying Hiatoga and other valuable trotting stock. Dr. G. M. Kinsey, our subject's maternal uncle, is engaged in the practice of medicine in Cleveland and other members of the family are representatives of the medical profession in various parts of the country. David Updegraff, a brother of Dr. Jonathan T. Updegraff, was once the head of the Quaker church in the United States. Robert D. Updegraff, father of Dr. Ralph K. Updegraff, completed his education by graduation from the University of Michigan in the class of 1869, at which time the Bachelor of Law degree was conferred upon him. He at once came to Cleveland, where he engaged in practice until his death, winning distinction as an able counselor and advocate. He also served as police judge for two terms and was active in public affairs here. He likewise conducted a large stock farm at Hudson, Ohio, where he engaged in breeding fine cattle. Although this was a side issue in his life, it was a source of much interest to him and he did much toward improving the grades of stock raised in Ohio. He imported the first Holstein cattle into the state and in other ways promoted the interest of the agricultural class through his live-stock ventures. He married Theresa Kinsey, a daughter of Amos Kinsey, a stock breeder of Mount Pleasant, Ohio. He was also a recognized leader in the ranks of the abolition party and maintained a station on the so-called underground railway prior to and during the war. He and others of the family were very active in state affairs. His daughter, Mrs. Updegraff, is a graduate of Vassar College and has been very active in literary circles in Cleveland, where she still makes her home, surviving her husband, who passed away in 1903 at the age of fifty-seven years. Dr. Updegraff is the eldest of a family of three, his sisters being Mfrs. Gilbert Skutt, of Tacoma, Washington, and Miss Constance Updegraff, who is living with her mother. Having passed through consecutive grades in the public schools, Dr. Updegraff was graduated from the Central high school in 1890 and pursued a two years' technical course at the Case School of Applied Science and a two years' literary course in the Western Reserve University. He afterward entered the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, which is the medical department of Wesleyan, and completed a course there in 1902, at which time his professional degree was conferred upon him. He was one of the leaders in athletics during his college course and held a prominent position on the football teams and indulged extensively in bicycle racing throughout the country and otherwise was prominent as a representative of the .athletic interests of the schools. During 1897 and 1898 he conducted an extensive retail bicycle business in Cleveland, but, believing that he would prefer a professional career, he qualified for the practice of medicine. During his school course he did much special laboratory work and made a most creditable standing in his classes, while his popularity with his fellow students was indicated in the fact that he was chosen class president in the senior year at medical college. Following his graduation he spent one year as resident surgeon in the Cleveland General Hospital and six months in the Smallpox Hospital, during the epidemic of 1903. He was also physician to the City Hospital for one year, after which he entered the general practice of medicine and surgery. He gave special attention to surgery during the first few years, but recently has confined fiis attention almost exclusively to internal medicine. He has followed the most progressive methods in his practice being the first in the state to use the Xray in the treatment of leukaemia, a blood disease. He has done some original work along the line of blood pressure. He is now associate professor of physical diagnosis in the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, with which institution he has been connected as a lecturer since his graduation. He is also visiting physician to the City Hospital, the Tuberculosis Sanitarium and St. John's Hospital and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 245 has had charge of the medical dispensary of the college for five years. The results of his researches and broad experiences have been given to the world through his frequent contributions to current medical literature, treating mainly of internal medicine. He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, the Ohio Medical Society and the American Medical Association, and thus keeps in touch with the work that is being done by the chief representatives of the medical fraternity. On the 10th of October, 1908, Dr. Updegraff was united in marriage in Canada to Miss Emily Humphrey, a daughter of Robert Humphrey, of Chatham, Ontario, and they have one son, Ralph K., Jr., born June 30, 1909. They reside at No. 7511 Franklin avenue and with Dr. Updegraff, the interests of his home are paramount to all else. His recreations are boating, fishing and shooting and when opportunity offers he indulges in these in his leisure hours. GEORGE ALLEN GRIEBLE. There are picturesque elements in the life record of George Allen Grieble, notwithstanding the fact that he is now known as an architect and engineer and gives almost undivided attention to the duties and interests of his profession. He was formerly, however, connected with the military interests of Ohio and at the time of the Spanish-American war, saw four months' service in Porto Rico. One of Ohio's native sons, he was born near Delaware, in Delaware county, in September, 1874. His father, Henry Grieble, was born in Germany and in 1867 arrived in Delaware county, Ohio, where he established business as a merchant, conducting a prosperous enterprise. One of the interest- ing chapters in his life record covers six years' service in the cavalry, covering the period of the Civil war, in which he was connected with the Union forces. He enlisted as a private and left the army with the rank of first lieutenant. He is still living but has retired from active business. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Laura Long, is a native of Delaware county, Ohio, her people having been pioneers of that part of the state. At the usual age George A. Grieble entered the public schools of Delaware, therein pursuing his studies until he completed the high school course. He afterward pursued two years' work in Wesleyan University and then became connected with the state service as superintendent of construction, overseeing the building of public institutions. In this connection he erected cottages at Xenia, also the chapel of the Girls Industrial Home at Delaware. He was also connected with the completion of the Mansfield Reformatory and with the trades' school at the same place. He built the Lancaster cottages on the Boys Farm and also the chapel building and has done much general institution work. He en- tered the employ of the state in 1897 and so continued until 1902. In the meantime he had perfected a course in architecture in the International School of Correspondence. In 1902 he took charge of the Case schools, superintending the construction of the mining and physics buildings and in the summer of 1903 opened his present office as architect and engineer, enjoying immediate success. He designed and erected the Doan and Drehr blocks on Euclid avenue,. the Nickolls apartments, the Baltimore & Ohio shops at Lorain, Ohio, the Jones business block at Ashtabula, the Cleveland Bottling Works, the Butler engineering plant, the Kinsman ice cream factory, the plant of the Retort Coke Oven Company, in Cleveland, the Penfield Avenue Bank, in Lorain, Ohio, and many residences and apartment houses in Cleveland. His work has been of varied character and all has been of the most satisfactory nature, for from boyhood he has displayed a mechanical turn of mind that has been developed through study, investigation and experience until he stands today as a most successful and capable architect and engineer. 246 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Twenty years ago, Mr. Grieble, interested in military affairs, enlisted as a private of the Ohio National Guard, won successive promotions and left the service as captain. As a member of Company K, of the Fourth Ohio Infantry, he did active duty through the Spanish-American war, being for four months with the American army that occupied Porto Rico. His fraternal associations are with the Masonic bodies and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. His home life had its beginning, December, 1906, when he wedded Miss Teresa Hankinson, of Newton, New Jersey. Mr. Grieble is still a young man and what he has already done in his profession argues well for a successful future and ever broadening interests. HON. JOSEPH HUNT BRECK. The Breck family of Cuyahoga county is descended from ancestors whose history constitutes an interesting chapter in the early annals of New England. Edward Breck, the first of the name in America, sailing from England to the new world, became a member of the Massachusetts bay colony five years after the landing of the Puritans at Dorchester in 1630. All of the descendants of the Breck family have honorable and worthy records, while some have gained distinction as scholars, soldiers, clergymen and in other professions as well as in various other walks of life. Robert Breck, the great-grandfather of him whose name introduces this review, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, in 1737. He married Rachael Hunt, a sister of Ebenezer Hunt, and became a trader and importer in Northampton, Massachusetts, where he conducted a store from 1766 until his death in December, 1799. He was clerk of the court for the counties of Hampshire, Franklin and Hampden from 1781 to 1798. He possessed some property which included the acquisition in April, 1799, of a considerable acreage in the Western Reserve. His holdings in Brecksville, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, amounted at first to five thousand, seven hundred and eleven acres, while his son John held two thousand and fifty-four acres more. At this time Robert's holdings outside of Brecksville were about twice as large as they were in it. Later, the holdings in Brecksville of "the heirs of Robert Breck" were nearly doubled. He had seven sons, all dying without issue excepting Joseph Hunt and John, who became prominent citizens of Northampton. From the records there appears no doubt but that the township and village of Brecksville was so called in his honor, clue in part to his prominence in Northampton and in part to his real-estate holdings ; although the prominence of his sons, especially John, doubtless added to the sentiment which made the name seem appropriate. Rev. Joseph Hunt Breck, the father of the subject of this sketch, was born in Northampton, Massachusetts, in 1798, was graduated from Yale college in 1818, and from Andover seminary in 1823, was ordained in December of that year, and was at once sent to Portage county as a home missionary to Ohio. He was first installed in the Presbyterian church in Andover, Ashtabula county. In 1828, he first located in Brecksville (being the first of the Brecks in that town), where be preached until 1833, when he took up his residence in Cleveland and opened a school for boys. In 1843, he removed from Cleveland and settled in the town of Newburg, Ohio, where he spent the remainder of his life in honored retirement. He married Miss Alice Angeline Snow, of Northampton, Massachusetts, who died in 1838. Three children were born to them, namely: Joseph Hunt; Angeline Maria, born in 1834, who died when eighteen months old; and Angeline Snow, who married C. B. Denio, of Galena, Illinois, later going to Vallejo, California. In 1844, he married Miss Diantha Chamberlain, of Monkton, Vermont, there being no issue. He died in Newburg in 1880. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 249 Hon. Joseph Hunt Breck was born in Brecksville, Ohio, June 23, 1831, and two years later removed from that village to Cleveland, where he remained with his parents until 1843, when he accompanied his father (his mother having died when he was seven) on his settling in Newburg. He continued his education in the schools of that place, and later finished his instruction by two years at Shaw Academy. Then he returned to the farm, where, young though he was, a large part of the responsibility in its operation rested upon him. At this time it became his desire to enter a commercial life and, after receiving his father's consent, he secured a position as bookkeeper for E. I. Baldwin (a dry-goods merchant on Superior street), which he held for about a year, or, in fact, until his father, after much endeavor, induced him to return to the farm, where affairs were in need of his attention. Previous to this and almost entirely alone, he had chopped and delivered a distance of three miles over the most primitive roads, sufficient cord-wood at two dollars and a half per cord to pay for every brick in the old homestead of thirteen rooms and attic. There he remained until 1906, when he sold his land to the railroad company and again took up his residence in Cleveland, only to pass away a year later. On the 18th of January, 1859, Mr. Breck was married to Miss Harriet Maria Brooks, a daughter of Hezekiah and Hannah ( Johnson) Brooks, who came to this state from Middletown, Connecticut, in 1819, and settled in Carlisle, Lorain county, Ohio. Her father was a tradesman in Connecticut but gave his attention to general farming in Ohio. James Brooks, her grandfather; was a sea captain until after the outbreak of the Revolutionary war, when he enlisted in defense of the colonies. He was a private in the commander-in-chief's guards and was taken prisoner a number of times but on each occasion succeeded in making his escape. Four children delighted the marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Breck, namely: George Dwight, Theodore Brooks, William Merriam and Mary Louise. In his political views Mr. Breck was at first a progressive whig and hence was a first recruit in the formation of the republican party, of which he remained a stalwart member to the end. His interest in public improvements and progressive legislation was ever active and zealous and was inspired by motives worthy of his Puritan ancestors. He was recognized in Cleveland for his sterling qualities and was honored among those who were prominent in the councils of his party. He was elected to the Ohio legislature from his county for twelve years, and over the record of his public career there falls no shadow of wrong or suspicion of evil. His course was characterized by fidelity to duty and by earnest and determined advocacy of what he believed to be right and for the best interests of the commonwealth. He was the author of the salary bill, which put all city and county officials upon a salary basis, thereby saving to the public many thousands of dollars. He died June 27, 1907. His mistakes were few, his noble actions many, and even his political opponents did not question the honesty of his opinions. JOSEPH B. MERIAM. Joseph B. Meriam, one of the most prominent philanthropists and business men of Cleveland in his day, was born at Randolph, Ohio, on the 21st of January, 1827. His father, the Rev. Joseph Meriam, filled the pulpit of the Congregational church at Randolph for sixty years. In early manhood he had wedded Miss Emiline A. Bidwell, a native of Massachusetts. Joseph B. Meriam supplemented his preliminary education by a course in the Western Reserve College, which was then located at Hudson, Ohio, completing the course in that institution in 1848. After his graduation he took charge of Shaw Academy in Collamer, where he remained for three years. Many of Cleveland's well known citizens were pupils there during his principalship. In