(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 400 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Sheadle's father was engaged for a number of years in conducting a general store—the "country store" of that time. J. H. Sheadle received his education in the public schools and at Hiram College. After completing his education he entered the employ of his father, who had meanwhile become engaged in the banking business at Girard, Ohio. After serving as teller of the Girard Savings Bank for two years, he became connected with the Second National Bank, of Youngstown, Ohio. At the age of twenty- two he became assistant cashier and for several years served that bank in that capacity. The banking business, however, was not altogether to Mr. Sheadle's liking, and he resigned to seek a wider field. Going to New York he associated himself with the Standard Gas Light Company, remaining with the company one year, during which time he engaged in superintending the laying of gas mains. During his connection with that company he laid piping for all of that territory bounded by Fourteenth street, Fortieth street, Madison avenue and the East river. Since 1888 Mr. Sheadle has been quite intimately associated with the great iron and steel industry of the United States. In the spring of 1888 the iron and steel manufacturers of the Mahoning valley, realizing the necessity of uniform action in all matters common to their business, such as freight rates, the handling of labor and the compiling of statistical data, organized the Mahoning Valley Iron Manufacturers' Association and selected Mr. Sheadle as its secretary and executive officer. Since that time Mr. Sheadle's life has been spent in the iron business and its manifold ramifications. After successfully prosecuting the work of the Mahoning Valley Manufacturers' Association for two years, he, in 189o, came to Cleveland as secretary of the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, the oldest and one of the largest companies engaged in producing and selling Lake Superior iron ores. The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company is the successor of the old Cleveland Iron Mining Company, which was the first company to begin shipments from the Lake Superior iron country and the only company to ship any ore whatever during the first year that the canal was opened in 1855. During that year it sent forward one thousand four hundred and forty-nine tons, being the total shipments for that year. The company consolidated in 1890 with the Iron Cliffs Company and became known as The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company. In addition to his duties as secretary, Mr. Sheadle has charge of two important parts of the business, that of iron ore sales and lake transportation. To the layman he is better known from the standpoint of water transportation on the Great Lakes, owing to the prominence that trade enjoys in the public prints, but among the iron and steel makers who are consumers of Lake Superior _iron ores, he is equally well known in the ore sales department. Mr. Sheadle has naturally brought the lake fleet of the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company to a high state of efficiency. They are probably the best-kept ships on the lakes. Much thought has been given to creature comforts. The crews' quarters are spacious, light and well ventilated, and on the leading ships a small library has been installed. Mr. Sheadle has been vice president of the Lake Carriers' Association since its reorganization. When the Lake Carriers' Association undertook in 1909 the establishment of the Welfare Plan for the betterment of the conditions of the men on the lakes, Mr. Sheadle became chairman of the Welfare Plan committee and has been an animating influence in carrying out this work. Obviously this is a labor to enlist the whole energy of such a man as Sheadle, and that it should have achieved• a membership of nearly ten thousand in a single year proves the interest of its projectors and the soundness of the idea. The welfare plan is one of the sanest and most humane movements ever projected in the interest of men aboard ship. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 401 When the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce took up the grade crossing question with the railroads, Mr. Sheadle was made chairman of the committee to investigate and report on the subject. The result was the appointment of a commission by Mayor John Farley in 1900 to negotiate with the railroads, Mr. Sheadle serving on the commission as vice chairman. This commission did the pioneer labor, the results of which are becoming tangible as one grade crossing after another is being eliminated. Mr. Sheadle was one of the organizers of the Caxton Savings & Banking Company, which afterward was merged into the Citizens Savings & Trust Company. He is a director in the Presque Isle Transportation Company, director and secretary of the Hopkins Steamship Company, director of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, director and vice president of the Jackson Iron Company, director of the Excelsior Iron Company, director and secretary of the Grand Island Steamship Company, director of the Hanna Transit Company, director of the Miller Transit Company, and, as stated, secretary of The Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, director and vice president of the Lake Carriers' Association, and director of the Great Lakes Protective Association. He is a member of the Union, Rowfant and Euclid Clubs, of the latter of which he was at one time president. He was married in 1891 to Miss Kate Buckingham, of New York. WILLIAM BACKUS. William Backus, who has acted as manager of the Schlather Brewing Company of Cleveland for the past twenty-one years, was born in Bingen an der Rhine, Germany, his natal day being April 8, 1834. The paternal grandfather, Valentine Backus, followed farming at Bingen an der Rhine throughout his entire business career and passed away in 1842. The father of our subject, who was likewise a native of Bingen, Germany, devoted his attention to general agricultural pursuits throughout his entire life and was called to his final rest in 1865. William Backus attended the public schools of his native land until fourteen years of age and after putting aside his text-books worked on his father's farm for a period of three years. When a young man of seventeen he set sail for the new world and after landing in New York made his way direct to Cleveland, Ohio, first securing a position in a tannery, where he remained for six months. Subsequently he acted as porter in the Merchants Hotel for a year and then accepted a clerkship in a grocery store, continuing in the latter position for three years.. On the expiration of that period he went to Chicago and worked as a porter in the Tremont Hotel for a year and a half. Returning to Cleveland, he started out in business on his own account as proprietor of a restaurant on Merwin street, successfully conducting the same until he joined the Union army in 1861. He served with the Twentieth Ohio Light Artillery for three years, being mustered out with the rank of captain. After returning to this city he acted as government inspector of tobacco and cigars for two years and afterward was made superintendent of city markets, holding that position for a period of five years. In 1876 he entered the service of the Schlather Brewing Company and in 1888 was made manager of the concern, in which connection he has since represented its interests. The plant has an annual capacity of one hundred and fifty thousand barrels of beer, while fifty men and twenty-five wagons are employed in the conduct of the business. The company does an extensive and profitable business and one-third of their customers are out of town patrons. In December, 1857, in Cleveland, Mr. Backus was united in marriage to Miss Lena Strobel. They are the parents of a son, William, who is now forty-eight years of age and is a practicing attorney of Mexico. 402 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In his political views Mr. Backus is independent and, not being bound by party ties, casts his ballot as his judgment dictates. He belongs to the Loyal Legion and is honorary president of the German-American Central Bund. His residence is at No. 2600 Carroll avenue. The hope that led him to leave his native land has been more than realized, for in this country he has found the opportunities he sought and through their wise utilization has gained a measure of prosperity that well _entitles him to recognition among the substantial and prominent residents of the city in which he has made his home for more than a half century. Though now past the seventy-fifth milestone on life's journey, he is still an active factor in business circles and in spirit and interests seems yet in his prime. JAMES NORMAN ELLIOTT. James Norman Elliott, whose high courage and undaunted perseverance have resulted in his becoming one of the successful business men of Cleveland, his name appearing in the firm of the Elliott Thompson Electric Company with gratifying prominence, was born in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, on the loth of June, 1871. His parents were David Rankin and Nancy (Hood) Elliott. The former was born February 7, 1844, in Pennsylvania, where he has always lived and been a successful farmer. He is now also notary public and United States claim agent for his district. Prominent politically, his loyalty to his party has been rewarded by a number of important offices. During the Civil war he served for three years in the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry. His wife, whose birth occurred in Indiana county, Pennsylvania, on the 15th of November, 1845, passed away in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, on the 25th of October, 1884. Both the great-grandfathers of our subject came to the Keystone state from the north of Ireland, one of them locating in Mifflin county and the other in Indiana county. The paternal great-grandfather subsequently removed westward to Clarion county, where occurred the birth of James N. Elliott. After attending country school James N. Elliott began working on the farm for his father and thus continued until 1889, when he came to Cleveland and secured employment with the Brush Electric Company, there gaining his first knowledge of the electrical business. At the end of two years he became identified with the Elliott Electric Company, also remaining with that concern for a couple of years, when he entered the service of the Bullick Electric Company of Cincinnati. Later he went to the Westinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company of Pittsburg. After a short time Mr. Elliott was sent to Chicago and then to Milwaukee to represent the firm, returning to Cleveland in 1895 to enter the Walker Manufacturing Company. Here he remained until the concern was bought by the Westinghouse Company. He had charge of all the electrical work of the old firm until, in association with W. H. Elliott, he organized what is now the Van Dorn Electric & Manufacturing Company, acting as manager of the concern for some years. From very small beginnings Mr. Elliott built this business up to gratifyingly large proportions, but in 1907 he left it to establish his present concern. The company manufactures a general line of electrical repairs. By degrees the territory has been extended over the northern and central states, its growth being steady and healthy. On January 20, 1896, Mr. Elliott married Martha Belle Lewis, who was born in Cleveland on the 12th of August, 1876, her parents being Alfred and Mary Lewis. They have two children : Marian N., born May 9, 1902 ; and Warren Lewis, whose natal day was December 31, 1905. Fraternally Mr. Elliott is identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, belonging to lodge No. 605 at West Freedom, Pennsylvania. He is like- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 405 wise a worthy exemplar of the Masonic fraternity, being a member of Woodward Lodge, No. 508, at Cleveland. He is exceedingly liberal in local affairs, being chiefly interested in securing good men in the offices and those who will work for the general prosperity of the city. His life has been a hard one, for he has worked unceasingly, bending every energy towards attaining his ends. As a result he has a business that is ever advancing, and he has established his reputation as a sterling and reliable man who can be absolutely trusted in everything. HERMAN LAHRHEIM. Herman Lahrheim of H. Lahrheim & Company, conducting a general insurance business, came to the United States as a young man of twenty-nine years, seeking the opportunities which report had told him were found on this side the Atlantic. He was born in Hessen, Nassau, Germany, in 1847, and pursued his education in the public schools of his native city and also at Frankfort-on-the-Main. He continued a resident of the fatherland until 1876, in which year he came to America, coming at once to Cleveland, and he shortly became associated with the dry-goods house of Hyman & Company in the capacity of bookkeeper. The firm were the predecessors of Strauss Brothers Company, and Mr. Lahrheim continued with the firm for ten years, or until he determined to devote his energies to the general insurance and brokerage business in 1886, since which time he has been prominently identified with the business, making him one of the oldest insurance men in Cleveland. With an intimate knowledge of the business in its various branches, he has established and developed a large agency, the extent and importance of his business making him one of the successful insurance men of Cleveland. Mr. Lahrheim was married in 1886 to Miss Lena Loeb, of Cleveland. They are members of Scovil Avenue Temple and Mr. Lahrheim is a member of the Cleveland Gesang Verein and also of the Board of Fire Underwriters. The hope of bettering his financial condition which induced him to come to America has been more than realized, for on this side the Atlantic, as the result of earnest effort, unhampered by caste or class, he has made steady progress in the attainment of that success which is the goal of all business endeavor. The family residence is at 2183 East Eightieth street. JOHN MUELLER. John Mueller is the vice president of the Brookside Brass Foundry & Manufacturing Company, in which official connection he has ably represented the concern since 1905. He was born in Hanover, Germany, on the 8th of June, 1869, his parents being John and Elnora Mueller. The public schools of the fatherland afforded him his early educational advantages and when fourteen years of age he put aside his text-books to work on a farm with his uncle, being thus engaged for about eighteen months. On the expiration of, that period, Mr. Mueller came to Cleveland, Ohio, and entered the services of the Cleveland Burial Case Company, remaining with that concern for a year. During the following three years he was engaged in cutting bolts in the employ of the Upson Nut Company and afterward spent a similar period in the employ of Thomas Manning, under whose direction he learned the machinist's trade. Subsequently he worked for the Variety Iron & Steel Works for one year and then secured a position as tool maker in the Steel Motor Works, being thus engaged for three years. Afterward he spent 406 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND a year and a half in the employ of the Hill Clutch Company, running a boring mill, and then for three years worked as a tool maker for the Sanitary Company. He next spent six months on a pleasure trip, traveling from coast to coast. On his return to Cleveland, he purchased a milk route but after six months abandoned the enterprise as unprofitable and went into partnership with Frank Lukan for the conduct of a brass foundry business. In 1902 a stock company was formed and Mr. Mueller was elected general manager thereof. In 1905 he was made vice president of the Brookside Brass Foundry & Manufacturing Company, manufacturing a general line of high grade plumbers' brass goods. Employment is furnished to a force of twenty-six men. In June, 1897, in Cleveland, Mr. Mueller was united in marriage to Miss Elenore Lange. Their children are five in number, namely : Ruth, eleven years of age; Louisa, a maiden of nine,; Edna, who is seven years old ; and Elmore and Marie, aged five and three years respectively. The three oldest children are now attending the German Lutheran school. The home of the family is at No. 4434 Pearl road. In exercising his right of franchise Mr. Mueller invariably supports the men and measures of the democracy. Religiously he is a devoted member of the Lutheran church. The period of his residence in Cleveland now covers almost a quarter of a century and he enjoys the high regard and esteem of many with whom he has come in contact. He is a man of good business ability and executive force and what he has accomplished represents the fit utilization of his business talents. EDWARD A. MERRITT. Edward A. Merritt, secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Stone Company, has been continuously connected with the industrial interests of this city since July, 1888, and, bending his energies to the accomplishment of every task that has been assigned him, he has continuously worked his way upward until he is now recognized as a prominent factor in the business activity of Cleveland. His life record began on the 12th of February, 1862, in Marquette, Michigan. His parents, Daniel H. and Harriett L. Merritt, are still residents of Marquette, where they have made their home continuously since 1860. For a period of about five years prior to that time the father resided in Cleveland and was in the employ of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway Company. He was continuously connected with railroad interests until 1875, since which time he has been interested in the iron industry in the Lake Superior district, from which region comes more than half of the iron produced in this country. Reared in the state of his nativity, Edward A. Merritt at the usual age entered the public schools and mastered the branches of learning taught in the consecutive grades 'until he became a high-school student at Marquette. Subsequently he attended Racine College at Racine, Wisconsin, for a period of five years and was graduated in the preparatory school in 1879. In preparation for a practical business career he came to Cleveland in the following October and pursued a course in the Bryant & Stratton Business College of this city. He then returned to Marquette, Michigan, and in 1880 became associated with his father in business, the relation being maintained until July, 1888, when Mr. Merritt returned to Cleveland and accepted the position of auditor and assistant treasurer with the Cleveland Stone Company, also taking stock in the business. Since that time he has concentrated his energies upon the upbuilding of the enterprise, the success of which is attributable in no small measure to his unfaltering efforts, business discernment and unflagging diligence. In January, 1889, he was elected a director of the company and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 407 still serves on the board. He is also secretary and treasurer of the company at the present time and is bending his energies to executive control and administrative direction, from time to time introducing new methods for the improvement and extension of the business. Practical and thorough in all that he undertakes, his labors are proving resultant factors in the success of the company, with which he has now been connected for twenty-one years. On the 15th of December, 1886, Mr. Merritt was united in marriage to Miss Matilda Huntington, a daughter of John Huntington, of Cleveland, and they have long occupied a prominent position in the social circles of the city. Their only child, a daughter, Jane Huntington Merritt, was born May 6, 1889, and died in 1892. While Mr. Merritt has never sought to figure in any public connections outside the strict path of business, the range of his activities and the scope of his influence have reached far beyond this special field. He belongs to that class of men who wield a power which is all the more potent from the fact that it is moral rather than political and is exercised for the public weal rather than for personal ends. He belongs to that public-spirited, useful and helpful type of men whose ambitions and desires are centered and directed in those channels through which flow the greatest and most permanent good to the greatest number. REV. WILLIAM McMAHON. The Rev. William McMahon, pastor of St. Bridget's church of Cleveland, was born in County Wicklow, near Dublin, Ireland, February 9, 1847, and was brought to the United States by his parents when four years old. He is 4 son of Michael and Mary (Powers) McMahon, the former of whom was born September 29, 1801, and died in 189o. Leaving Ireland, his native land, he came to Cleveland in 1851, and being a blacksmith by trade, he worked at that calling until his removal to Olmsted Falls, fifteen miles from the city. His wife was born in Ireland in 1818 and died in 1903. Father McMahon has two living brothers : Michael, a farmer of Indiana ; and Timothy, also an Indiana farmer. After attending the parochial schools of Cleveland and those of Olmsted Falls, Father McMahon entered St. Mary's College of this city, and later attended St. Louis College at Louisville, Ohio, from which he graduated in 1869. Following this he entered St. Mary's Seminary of Cleveland and was ordained July 21, 1872, by Bishop Gilmour, being the first priest ordained by that bishop. He said his first mass at St. Mary's church at Olmsted Falls. After this he was appointed pastor of several missions in Ottawa, Sandusky and Wood counties, thus spending two years. In August, 1874, he was appointed assistant priest of St. John's Cathedral, and in 1876 pastor of St. Bridget's church, with which he has since been connected. Father McMahon built the church, school and parish house and also bought additional land. The three buildings cost about one hundred thousand dollars. Both the church and school are built of stone and brick, the parish house being of sandstone, one of the most substantial in Ohio. There are two hundred and fifty families in the parish now because of a removal of many to the east end of the city, and there are two hundred and eighty pupils in the school. This school took the highest prize awarded by the Columbian Exposition at Chicago in 1893, and the diploma, blue ribbon and bronze medal were much appreciated. There are eight teachers and the school is an excellent one. So good is the school that many outsiders attend to obtain its advantages. The course is strictly first class and the music lessons are specially good. Father McMahon is prominent in various church orders, having been chaplain of the Knights of St. John, chaplain of Division No. 7 of the Ancient Order of Hibernians and also of the Catholic Order of Foresters (Prairie Court). 408 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND For ten years he has been editor of the Catholic Universe, a weekly church paper established at Cleveland in 1874, by Bishop Gilmour. It is one of the leading church newspapers and has a large circulation. In 1898 Father McMahon took a trip around the world and wrote a book entitled "A Journey With the Sun Around the World," comprising seven hundred and eight-six pages. This was well received and went through four editions. Father McMahon also contributes to the daily papers and church publications, although he prefers his work in connection with the Universe. Being a strong speaker he is often called upon to make addresses at the laying of cornerstones and similar occasions. He is very strong in his views with regard to temperance matters and has done considerable lecturing on this question. He has been connected with the work in other directions, having been for ten years treasurer of the national organization of the Catholic Total Abstinence Union, as well as president for two terms of the state organization. Father McMahon is a man of wide influence, bemg a member of the bishop's council and the defender of the marriage bond. He is also a member of the infirm priests' fund board, and is among the most prominent of the Catholic clergy of our city. WILLIAM J. LUCK. William J. Luck, illustrator, engraver and sound business man, has won his present position among the progressive citizens of Cleveland through indomitable will and clear-sighted knowledge of his work. He was born in this city, July 16, 1874, being a son of Charles Henry and Mary (Wamser) Luck. The Luck family originated in Germany and has produced many physicians and chemists. The father of our subject was a chemist and soap manufacturer, who was conveniently located m business on West Twenty-fifth street and the Big Four tracks for twenty-one years. He began his business career by manufacturing wax candles. So successful was he in this that he applied the knowledge gained from that business with that acquired from a constant and intelligent research into the realms of chemistry to making soap with the result that he was the first to manufacture a soap that would float, and the factory he founded is now operated by the Cleveland Soap Company. His death occurred twenty years since. In 1859 Charles Henry Luck married Mary Wamser, a daughter of Jacob Wamser, an old settler of what was then known as Ohio City, and they located on the west side and it was there, on Lorain avenue, that their son William J. was born. After an uneventful boyhood spent in attending school, at the age of fifteen, he started to work for the Schmidt, Mugler & Kraus Engraving Company, as an office boy, with aspirations to learn the work, which eventually materialized for by constant study he developed an ability which was recognized by his employers, who placed him in their art department. Then followed a busy period for the young man, for he worked hard all day and attended art school at night, pursuing his studies at the Cleveland Art School and the Young Men's Christian Association for four years and securing a number of prizes for his exceptionally fine work. In spite of several changes in the firm, Mr. Luck remained with Mr. Mugler until he, John W. Bowles and Emil Steeb formed a partnership known as the L. S. & B. Illustrating Company with offices in the American Trust building. During his connection with the old firm he developed a remarkable capacity for securing orders on account of his own ability in drawing, and this came into good play when he went into business for himself. He is widely known by many prominent business men in the city, and they respect him and place implicit confidence in his skill. His employes look up to him, knowing that from him they will always receive a square deal. A self-made man, he has secured his present prosperity through hard, persistent work, and so can appreciate the struggles of others trying to succeed. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 411 Mr. Luck has formed some pleasant associations outside his business life, belonging to Elsworth Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; and Hillman Chapter, R. A. M., which he joined thirteen years ago. For eight years he has been a member of the Chamber of Commerce. In lodge work he is as popular as in business connections, for he is recognized as a man who lives up to his promises and is always willing to do more than his share in promoting anything. REV. GEORGE JACOB PICKEL, S. J. The Rev. George Jacob Pickel, S. J., president of St. Ignatius College of Cleveland, was born in St. Louis, Missouri, July 6, 1867, being a son of Jacob and Catherine (Schmidt) Pickel. The father was born in Cottenheim, Germany, in 1832, and the mother was born in 1843 in the same country. He came to the United States about 1850 and located in St. Louis, where his death occurred in 1904, after a long and useful life as a contractor and builder. His widow survives and lives at Warrenburg, Missouri. Father Pickel first attended St. Joseph's parochial school, following which he was at Prairie du Chien for four years, attending the Sacred Heart College there. He also spent one year at the St. Louis University. For the next two or three years he was at home, being engaged with his father in a cut-stone business, but he then entered the Jesuit order at Blyenbeek, Holland, having been in Europe for about fifteen months, and on his return to America he reentered the Sacred Heart College at Prairie du Chien, where he spent two years more in study. For the following three years he taught school, one year at Buffalo and two in Cleveland, and then in 1893 he returned to Holland and was in St. Ignatius College at Valkenburg for seven years, studying philosophy and theology. On August 28, 1900, he was ordained priest in the chapel of the college and said his first mass August 29, 1900, in the same chapel. Father Pickel then studied physics and chemistry at Goettingen, Germany, after which he returned to the United States and for a year was at Brooklyn, Ohio. For the next three years he was professor of physics at St. Ignatius College of Cleveland and was then made prefect of studies there in 1905, finally becoming president of the college January 6, 1906. St. Ignatius College is under the Jesuit order and established in 1886. The following studies are taught there : Latin, Greek, French, English, German, Mathematics, natural science, philosophy and religion. There are twenty-three teachers in the college and the course, which as the list of branches taught show, is strictly classical and very thorough. GEORGE W. ALCOMBRACK. George W. Alcombrack has for a number of years enjoyed an extensive and profitable trade as a stationer, conducting a store of this character at No. 5122 Woodland avenue in Cleveland. He was born in Whitby, Canada, on the 2d of August, 1874, his parents being Lyman and Eliza Alcombrack. His grandfather, whose birth occurred in Vermont in 1807, followed general agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career and passed away in 1881. Lyman Alcombrack, the father of our subject, was born in Canada on the 16th of August, 1849, and in early manhood followed the profession of school teaching, while subsequently he had the agency for the McCormick Harvester Company. In 1881 he went to Detroit, Michigan, where he was engaged in the paper business until 1883, when he came to Cleveland and conducted a similar business on Detroit avenue until the time of his retirement. 412 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In his youthful years George W. Alcombrack pursued his studies in the schools of Canada and Cleveland, Ohio, supplementing his preliminary education by a high school course. When sixteen years of age he put aside his textbooks and secured a position as bookkeeper with the Cleveland World, being thus employed for three years. He next entered the employ of John Kirkpatrick, a stationer, whom he served in .a clerical capacity for four years. On the expiration of that period he embarked in business on his own account as a dealer in stationery, opening an establishment of this charater at No. 5122 Woodland avenue, where he has since handled a general line of periodicals, kodaks and stationery. He also conducts a branch office for the Plain Dealer and is widely recognized as an enterprising, progressive and prosperous citizen. In October, 1898, in Cleveland, Mr. Alcombrack was united in marriage to Miss L. M. Seager. Their home is at No. 5912 Woodland avenue. In his political views Mr. Alcombrack is independent, while his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Presbyterian church. Fraternally he is identified with the Knights of Pythias and the Royal League. The rules which govern his conduct and shape his life are such as command confidence and regard in every land and clime and in the city where the greater part of his life has been passed George W. Alcombrack is respected and esteemed by all who know him. JAMES T. HUNT. James T. Hunt is the president and sole proprietor of the Hunt & Dorman Manufacturing Company, located at Nos. 2102-2110 Superior avenue in Cleveland. He was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, on the loth of November, 1845, his parents being William and Martha (Mayo) Hunt. On the maternal side he is a representative of an old colonial family, one of his ancestors being Captain Mayo, who was in command of a privateer during the Revolutionary war. The Hunt family was founded in Massachusetts in the early part of the eighteenth century. Mr. Hunt supplemented his preliminary education by a high-school course and when sixteen years of age started out m the business world as an apprentice with the firm of Simpson & Clark, tinsmiths. Subsequently he was made foreman and remained in the employ of the concern until 1869, when he went to Fiskdale, Massachusetts, where for three years he was engaged in the tinsmithing business on his own account. He then came to Cleveland and in association with his brother established a business of similar character at the corner of Seneca street and Champlain avenue, there remaining for nine years. On the expiration of that period Mr. Hunt built a factory on Hickox alley, where he successfully conducted his business for fifteen years and then sold out to the American Can Company. Afterward he formed a partnership with Edwin H. Dorman, the firm engaging in sheet metal stamping. After three years their plant was destroyed by fire and they resumed business on Bright street, remaining there for three years. At the end of that time they erected a five-story brick building, fifty by one hundred and seventy-five feet, at the corner of Twenty-first street and Superior avenue, where the business has since been conducted. Mr. Hunt purchased his partner's interest and is now sole proprietor of the Hunt & Dorman Manufacturing Company—the first manufacturers in this locality. He employs a force of seventy men in the conduct of his business, which includes sheet metal work, light metal stamping, die making and machine work and automobile stamping. Mr. Hunt possesses untiring energy, is quick of perception, forms his plans readily and is determined in their execution, and his close application to business and his excellent management have brought to him the high degree of prosperity which is today his. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 413 In November, 1872, in Brimfield, Massachusetts, Mr. Hunt was united in marriage to Miss Carrie E. Newell, a daughter of Albigence and Sarah (Homer) Newell, natives of Brimfield and descendants of early New England families. Mr. and Mrs. Hunt have one son, James, who is now thirty-six years of age and acts as superintendent of the Hunt & Dorman Manufacturing Company. The family residence is at No. 5901 Whittier avenue. Politically Mr. Hunt is a republican, stanchly supporting the men and measures of that party. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and belong§ to Forest City Lodge, No. 388, F. & A. M.; Webb Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M.; Oriental Commandery, No. 12, K. T.; Lake Erie Consistory, S. P. R. S.; the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine ; and the Masonic Club. He spends most of his leisure time in driving and motoring. In business and social relations he holds to high standards and enjoys m large measure the confidence and trust of those with whom he is brought in contact in every relation of life. Mrs. Hunt is active in the Dorcas Society, serving as first vice president and chairman of committee on admission, and she is a liberal supporter of the charitable work. JAMES FREDERICK HUNT. James Frederick Hunt, who as the superintendent of The Hunt & Dorman Manufacturing Company, holds a respected position in the business world of Cleveland, was born in Springfield, Massachusetts, February 15, 1871. His parents, James T. and Caroline Elizabeth Hunt, are residents of this city and are accorded a more extensive mention in another part of this work. James Frederick Hunt qualified for the responsibilities of life in the public schools of this city. After completing the course of the grammar grades he became a pupil successively in the Rockwell and Central high schools, graduating from the former in 1885. When his education was completed he entered upon his business career as assistant bookkeeper with the Alexander Wilcox Coal Company of Cleveland, and then was associated with Benton Hall & Company on Water street. In 1887 he became connected with the H. B. Hunt Stamping Company, with whom he has since remained, the name of the firm having been changed to its present title-The Hunt & Dorman Manufacturing Company— about six years ago. The concern has a plant at 2102-10 Superior street, Northeast, and does a general business in metal stamping. For the past five years Mr. Hunt has been the superintendent, in this capacity having given evidence of the business sagacity and of the power to control men so necessary if a man is to make a success in the world of affairs. In 1893 Mr. Hunt wedded Miss Isabelle Smith, a daughter of Peter and Isabelle Smith, of Cleveland, and unto them has been born one son, James Frederick, who is now an infant of one year. Mr. Hunt is a member of Bigelow Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and is deeply interested in all measures advocated by this organization for the benefit of humanity in general. Both in his private life and in his business operations he holds to those high principles which look toward substantial success and esteem. As a recreation he enjoys shooting, fishing, yachting, and automobiling. REV. GUISEPPE MILITELLO. The Rev. Guiseppe Militello, pastor of the Holy Rosary church of Cleveland, was born at Palermo, Sicily, Italy, June 24, 1878, being a son of Frank and Isabella Salemi (Pace) Militello. The father, who was a soldier and legislator but is now living retired, was born October 18, 1833, a son of Vincent Militello, who was born in 1803 and died in 1890. The great-grandfather of Father Mili- 414 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND tello was Frank Militello, who was born in 1708 and died in 1827, and he, like his son and grandson, was very prominent. The mother was a daughter of John Pace, who was born in 1774 and died in 1845. The Pace family is a noble and rich one, connected with the production of sulphur. The family born to Frank Militello and wife was as follows : Dr. Emilio, born in 1869, is a captain and physician in the regular Italian army and is called a capitano medico ; John, born in 1872, is an architect for the state railroad in Palermo ; Vincent, born in 1876, is an attorney ; Father Guiseppe is the fourth ; and Alfred, born in 1880, lives with his brother Guiseppe and is a ladies' tailor. Father Militello was educated at the Pontificto Seminary at Rome and after being there for fourteen years was ordained in Rome by Cardinal Cassetta as deacon, and priest by Bishop Alessandro in Cefalu, Palermo. After saying his first mass at his old home, he returned to Rome and continued his studies for two years, securing a degree in philosophy and theology, and then taught for three years in Italy. In 1905 he came to the United States and after being stationed at different places for some months was appointed to his present parish. This was organized in 1892, being composed of Italians and comprising sixteen hundred families and twelve thousand souls. Father Militello is building a fine new brick church at a cost of sixty thousand dollars and a new parish house of stone. There are no school buildings but he has classes three times a week and teaches about seven hundred children. The church property is valued at one hundred and ten thousand dollars but is incumbered with a debt of sixty thousand dollars, but as the Father is very energetic and a good organizer things are progressing rapidly. He is connected with the Knights of Columbus and other church societies and does all he can to interest his people and help them advance. A. L. VERNER. A. L. Verner, sales manager of the Lorain Steel Company with offices located in the Rockefeller building, is a native of the southland, his birth having occurred in Atlanta, Georgia, February 2, 1880. He comes of an excellent family and one which always figured prominently in the affairs of his native city. His parents were James J. and Mary W. (Wyly) Verner, of Atlanta, Georgia. Both the Wyly and Verner families have for many generations been prominent in South Carolina and Georgia. The Verner family is of German lineage and the first American ancestor came to this country about 1800. James J. Verner was for many years engaged in the real-estate business but is now living retired. His wife passed away April 17, 1909. A. L. Verner's education was acquired in the public schools and soon after his graduation from the high school he began his business career as a clerk in the offices of the street railway 'company", He was then quite young but his ability was such that he was amply recommended to the approval of his employers. Mr. Verner's first step far afield was in 1900 when he came to Lorain, Ohio, to accept the position of private secretary to Daniel Coolidge, president of the Lorain Steel Company, and for four years he continued in that capacity. Mr. Verner's connection with the Lorain Steel Company did not terminate with his removal to Cleveland in 1905, for he is now sales manager. In 1907 he was promoted to the post of managing salesman for the company's entire output of rails and specialties for Ohio and Kentucky. Few men of his years have attained to a position in which so much responsibility is vested and it has only been by the exercise of superior gifts in the way of intelligent industry, business acumen and entire trustworthiness that he has been able to achieve this desirable end. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 417 Mr. Verner was married in 1906 to Miss Bertha Remmlinger, a native of Norwalk, Ohio. She is a daughter of Pierre and Christine Edwards Remmlinger, the former passing away May 8, 1897, and the latter February 25, 1902. Mr. and Mrs. Verner reside at No. 1581 Crawford road and their home is brightened by the presence of a little daughter, Christine Edwards, two and a half years of age. Mr. Verner is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Engineer Club of Cincinnati and the Central Electric Railway Association. He enjoys boxing, bowling, tennis and outdoor athletics. He is independent politically nor does he seek nor desire office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon business affairs, in which he has made steady progress. FREDERICK M. BAUER. Frederick M. Bauer, who has been the manager of the Cleveland Hardwood Floor Company since the 1st of October, 1901, was born in this city on the 2d of May, 1870, his parents being Nicholas and Emma Bauer. He began his education in the Catholic parochial schools and later entered the West high school, which he attended until seventeen years of age. Subsequently he was employed for two years as purchasing agent for The Variety Iron Works Company and then entered the service of A. J. Wenham's Sons, wholesale grocers, as city credit man, acting in that capacity for nine years. He then became city salesman for the Ross-Sprague Company, wholesale grocers, being thus engaged for three years. On the 1st of October, 1901, he became manager of the Cleveland Hardwood Floor Company at No. 39 Taylor Arcade, in which capacity he has since ably controlled and directed its affairs. They deal in plain and ornamental parquet floors, fretwork, etc., and have built up an extensive and remunerative business in this connection. On the 18th of September, 1892, in Cleveland, Mr. Bauer was united in marriage to Miss Clara Doiwick and they now have seven children, as follOWs : Helen M., who is seventeen years of age and is employed in the office of the Cleveland Hardwood Floor Company ; Loyola G., who is fifteen years old ; Lucille, Ralph J. and Alfred G., who are aged thirteen, eleven and nine years respectively; Frederick K. a little lad of five years ; and Loretta, who is three years old. Loyola G., Lucille, Ralph J. and Alfred G., are all students in the Catholic parochial schools. The home of the family is at No. 11103 Detroit avenue. Where national questions and issues are involved Mr. Bauer supports the democratic party, but at local elections casts an independent ballot. He is a communicant of the Catholic church and also belongs to the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, the Knights of Columbus and the Cleveland Commercial Travelers. He is one of the prosperous business men of his native city, well meriting the regard in which he is held and the financial success to which he has attained.J J. H. SOMERS. It is doubtful if any name in Ohio is better known in connection with the bituminous coal trade than that of Somers. For more than forty years it has been closely interwoven with the history of the development of the coal resources of this part of the country, during which time three generations of the family have contributed to the progress that has been made in this field of enterprise, J. H. Somers succeeding his father in the business and in turn being succeeded by his son Charles W. 418 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND A native of Ohio, J. H. Somers was born in Marietta, Ohio, in 1842, and in that section of the state his early life was spent. When a young man he became identified with his father, Jonathan F. Somers, in the coal business and eventually succeeded him, continuing in active connection with the coal trade throughout his remaining days. He resided for some time in Newark, Ohio, and later in Columbus, while in 1883 he took up his residence in Cleveland, this city remaining his home until his death, which occurred on the 19th of November, 1908. Mr. Somers was a pioneer coal operator along the lines of the modern methods that are employed in the development of the coal resources and trade of the country. He knew the business in its earliest days and witnessed every forward step, keeping always fully abreast with the times. His interests became large and his field of operations extensive as he built up a business that employed hundreds of men and dispensed hundreds of thousands of dollars annually. He was associated with the movement for the pioneer development of the coal fields of Saginaw county,• Michigan, as well as those of Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. He was long known as the vice president of the J. H. Somers Coal Company and one of the heaviest stockholders of the Roby Coal Company. He aided in organizing both firms, conducting most extensive mining and shipping interests in Cleveland in the field in which he operated. It was about 1890 when he organized the firm of J. H. Somers & Company and to the coal trade he largely confined his activities, becoming one of the best known representatives of the coal trade in his time. He was a man of great energy, a splendid organizer and almost unerring in his judgment of men. Those who knew Mr. Somers personally found him at times brusque and yet his sympathies were easily aroused. He was strong in his likes and dislikes and stood firm for what he believed to be his right. On the other hand, he was extremely just and fair, according to others what was their due. He cared nothing for public office, yet was a stanch republican and manifested in public affairs the interest of a business man who wisely recognizes that he is a part of the community, to which he owes an obligation while at the same time he receives the benefit of all that constitutes the public life. His word was as good as any bond solemnized by signature or seal and he was widely known for his unfaltering probity as well as for his notable success. On the day prior to his death he was in his office and thus continued an active factor in the business world to the last. His life work was not only crowned with proseprity but also a high commercial standing that has been perpetuated by his son Charles W. Somers, who is his successor in business and of whom mention is made elsewhere in this volume. F. K. GATCH. F. K. Gatch has risen to his present responsible position as cashier of the Grasselli Chemical Company through various grades of promotion by earnest and persistent endeavor. He was born in Milford, Clermont county, Ohio, in 1865, a son of Henry C. Gatch, and was graduated from the high school of his native place. Upon coming to Cleveland in 1884, Mr. Gatch entered the employ of E. G. Grasselli & Sons as an office boy. Soon his ability and alertness were rewarded by promotion to the positions of shipping clerk, bookkeeper and finally cashier, and he is also a heavy stockholder in the business he has served for nearly a quarter of a century. Mr. Gatch is unmarried, making his home with his widowed mother and sister Emeline, who is a graduate of Milford high school. Another sister, Maria G., is the widow of K. B. Bailey, who was treasurer for many years of Grasselli Chemical Company. Mrs. Bailey has a daughter Lucretia, a young lady who is HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 419 being carefully educated in a private school. The mother came to Cleveland in 1892 to join her son and make a home for him. A member of the Young Men's Christian Association, the Business Men's Club and of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Mr. Gatch is pleasantly associated with congenial companions. He is extremely fond of baseball and is the best catcher on any local team. He is a live, progressive young man, devoted to his family and liked by business and social acquaintance alike. Few men starting in merely as an office boy are able to rise as high as he without making a single change, and if he had not possessed more than average ability, this confidence would not have been reposed in him. J. JACOB BUEL, M. D. Dr. J. Jacob Buel, meeting all the requirements of a successful physician in comprehensive knowledge of the profession and in marked ability in applying its principles, is now accorded a liberal and gratifying practice as an oculist, for while he was formerly identified with all lines of professional service, he now concentrates his energies upon the treatment of the diseases of the eye. He was born in Stein am Rhein, Switzerland, March 16, 1860, a son of Johanes and Maria Magdelina (Wueger) Buel. The father was a flour miller and farmer, who died when his son Jacob was but four years of age, while the mother long survived and passed away in 1894. Dr. Buel spent his boyhood in his native town and there acquired his early education in the public schools, which he attended to the age of fifteen years, when he went to Schaffhausen, where he entered the gymnasium, an institution of learning equivalent to the high school in America and the first two years of college work. Dr. Buel there continued his studies for four years and was graduated at the age of nineteen. He then went to Neuchatel, Switzerland, where he matriculated in the academy, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1880. He then took up the study of medicine in Geneva, Switzerland, at the University of Geneva, where he spent two and a half years, winning his first degree in medicine there in 1882. He afterward went to Leipsic, Germany, where he pursued his clinical studies and returning to Berne, Switzerland, to finish his course, was graduated from the University of Berne in 1885, with the M. D. degree. Previous to his graduation he became second assistant to the eye clinic of the University of Berne under Professor Pflueger. and after his graduation he was promoted to first assistant, which position he held until 1888, at which time he resigned to accept the position of Chef de Clinic to Dr. Landolt of Paris, where he continued until the fall of 1890. At that time he retired from active practice for a year because of an operation which he had performed. In November, 1891, he came to America and located in St. Louis. There he remained for a year and a half and in the spring of 1893 arrived in Cleveland, since which time he has been in active practice here. He has always confined his practice to the eye and his ability in this direction has made him recognized as an authority on all matters pertaining to ophthalmology. He was for ten or twelve years on the staff of St. John's Hospital and has been ophthalmologist to the Lutheran Hospital since its establishment. The medical fraternity is making rapid strides, its scientific investigation bringing to light many valuable truths, and with the onward march of progress Dr. Buel keeps in close touch through his membership in the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. On the 13th of August, 1895, Dr. Buel was married to Miss Estelle S. Wuillenmier, a native of Switzerland, and they have one daughter, Estelle Marie, now in her sixth year. The family residence is at No. 1774 West Twenty-eighth 420 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND street. Dr. Buel finds recreation and pleasure in walking. He is devoted to his home, where he spends his leisure hours with his family, and all who know him find him a man of continued good nature, whose geniality, cordiality and deference for the opinions of others, as well as his professional knowledge have been elements in his success and popularity. EDWARD V. MAGUIRE. Edward V. Maguire, a member of the tailoring firm of Moss & Maguire, which is located on the seventh floor of the Hippodrome building in Cleveland, was born at Painesville, Ohio, on the 12th of July, 1878, his parents being Joseph and Martha (Traenkle) Maguire. The father, whose birth occurred in Pennsylvania, in 1842, removed to Painesville, Ohio, in 1865 and was there engaged as a railroad engineer up to the time of his death, which occurred as the result of an accident in 1883. The mother of our subject was born in Germany in 1848, but when six years of age accompanied her parents on their emigration to the United States, the family home being established in Buffalo, New York. Following the death of Joseph Maguire his widow and children came to Cleveland in July, 1884, and it was in the public schools of this city that Edward V. Maguire obtained his education. After putting aside his text-books he entered the employ of The Wieber Company in the capacity of errand boy, but as time passed and he demonstrated his capability and faithfulness in the discharge of the duties entrusted to him, he was gradually promoted to positions of greater and greater responsibility until he eventually became manager of the concern. On the 1st of August, 1909, he severed his connection therewith in order to form a partnership with G. C. Moss, who had for several years successfully conducted the business which was organized by his father at Akron more than fifty years ago. Mr. Maguire's seventeen years' experience in the service of The Wieber Company-a very successful high class tailoring establishment-well fitted him for his present prominent position as a partner in the firm of Moss & Maguire, who now rank among the largest houses catering to exclusive fine trade in the middle west. In January, 1902, Mr. Maguire was united in marriage to Miss Dorothy Anne Diedrich, of Tonawanda, New York, a daughter of Henry and Emma Diedrich. They now have one child, Ruth. Mr. Maguire gives his political allegiance to the men and measures of the republican party but has no desire for the honors and emoluments of office, for his business interests demand his entire time and attention. A young man of kindly, genial nature, he enjoys in large measure the good will and friendship of those with whom he is associated. In his life he has displayed marked force of character and strong determination and, well disciplined, his commendable ambition has led him from small undertakings to a place of considerable prominence in commercial circles. ERASMUS DARWIN BURTON, M. D. Dr. Erasmus Darwin Burton, who was named for the father of Charles Darwin, has been prominently and honorably identified with the professional interests of Cleveland as a practitioner of medicine for the past sixty-three years. He was born in Euclid township, just across the street from his present residence, on the 28th of January, 1825, and has here made his home to the present time, covering a period of eighty-four years. His father, Dr. Elijah Burton, who was a native of Vermont, came to this city in 1820 and was successfully engaged in the practice of medicine here until HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 423 the time of his retirement in 1846. He was the pioneer physician of this section of the state and a contemporary of Dr. Long. He took a deep and helpful interest in all matters pertaining to the public welfare and the weight of his influence was ever given on the side of right, truth, justice and progress. His demise occurred in 1854, when he had attained the age of sixty-one years. His first wife, the mother of our subject, bore the maiden name of Mary Hollister and was a native of Bennington county, Vermont. Six months after the arrival of her husband in this city she also came here, bringing their little child, Lucy A., who afterward became the wife of George C. Dodge, one of the most prominent citizens of Cleveland at one time. The other two children of Dr. Elijah and Mary (Hollister) Burton, who were born in this city, were as follows: Frances, the deceased wife of Seth Doan ; and Erasmus Darwin, of this review. The mother was called to her final rest in 1827, when but thirty-two years of age. By his second wife Dr. Elijah Burton had one child, Mary S., who gave her hand in marriage to James Watson. Erasmus Darwin Burton, now the only surviving member of his father's family, obtained his preliminary education in the district schools and later entered Shaw Academy of Cleveland, which he attended until eighteen years of age. In 1843 he began reading medicine in the office of Dr. John Delamater, where he remained until 1846, in the meantime attending the first three courses of lectures at the medical department of Hudson College—now the medical department of Western Reserve University. He won his degree of M. D. in February, 1846, being a member of the first medical class that ever graduated in Cleveland. Dr. Burton at once took up the practice of his father, who retired about that time, and has been successfully identified with the medical fraternity during the intervening sixty-three years, maintaining his office at No. 14110 Euclid avenue, East Cleveland, throughout the entire period. For about fifty years he enjoyed a very large country practice, going from place to place on horseback until the district became a part of the city. During the past ten years, however, he has largely lived retired, turning his practice over to his son, Frederick D., who completed his professional education in the medical department of the Western Reserve University in 1879. Dr. Erasmus D. Burton entered the ranks of the medical fraternity at one of the most important periods in its history from a scientific point of view, for various important methods of practice had just been introduced, including physical diagnosis, oscultation, percussion and anesthesia. He witnessed several very severe epidemics of cholera, dysentery, etc. He was appointed pension examiner by President Cleveland and thus served for a few years, while for several years he acted as one of the trustees of the Northern Ohio Asylum for the Insane under Governor Hoadley. For some time he likewise acted as examiner for the old New Jersey Mutual Life Insurance Company. He was for many years a member of the local medical societies, as well as of the old National Medical Association, and served as president of the Cuyahoga Medical Society. Since retiring from active practice in 1894, he has been a member of the finance committee of the Society for Savings and has always been more or less active in real-estate and commercial transactions. On the 4th of October, 1854, in Portage county, Ohio, Dr. Burton was united in marriage to Miss Emeline Antoinette Meriam, a daughter of the Rev. Joseph Meriam, of Randolph, Portage county. They reared a family of seven children, : Dr. Frederick D., born August 20, 1855, who is a practicing physician of Cleveland ; Elizabeth Antoinette, born December 25, 1856, who has been a teacher in Painesville College for twenty years ; Martha W., born February 22, 1859, who is at home ; Jessie A., whose birth occurred October 20, 1861, and who is also under the parental roof ; William Meriam, born in November, 1865, who is the superintendent of the plant of the Standard Oil Company at Whiting; Bertha Bidwell, who was born in June, 1869, resides on Staten Island and is the wife of Alexander S. Lyman, attorney of the New York Central Railroad Company; and Mary, born in March, 1872, who is the widow of William Evans 424 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Barnes and makes her home in Chicago. The mother of these children took a very active part in church and benevolent work and was a kindly, noble woman whose many good traits of heart and mind endeared her to all with whom she came in contact. Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Dr. Burton has given his political allegiance to the democracy, but in 1853-4 was elected to the state legislature on the anti-slavery ticket and served as chairman of the committee on benevolent institutions. Public-spirited to a marked degree, he has always taken a most active part in matters relating to the general welfare and was the first mayor of the village of East Cleveland, serving for two terms or from 1894 to 1898 inclusive. It was during this time that Euclid avenue was widened and his administration was characterized by reform and improvement along various lines. He is a trustee of the Old Settlers Association. Though now past the eighty-fourth milestone on life's journey, he is wonderfully well preserved, being strong and active both physically and mentally. A native son of Cleveland, he has always made his home in this city and is widely recognized as one of its most prominent, influential and respected citizens. THOMAS H. WILSON. Thomas H. Wilson, vice president of the First National Bank of Cleveland, was born in Liberty, Trumbull county, Ohio, October 9, 1841. In 1860 he went to Youngstown, Ohio, where he entered upon his career in connection with banking interests as a clerk in the private bank of Wick Brothers & Company. There he remained until 1888, in which year he came to Cleveland as cashier of the First National Bank, filling that position continuously until 1903, when he was elected to the vice presidency. Mr. Wilson was married at Youngstown, Ohio, November 10, 1863. to Miss Louise Fellows of that place. They have two sons : Willard, now with the Tennessee Coal & Iron Company of Birmingham, Alabama ; and Henry Bliss, also of Birmingham, Alabama. Mr. Wilson is a member of Calvary Presbyterian church, in which he is serving as trustee and he belongs to the Chamber of Commerce of Cleveland. Extremely modest he not only disclaims all credit for what he has accomplished but usually refuses to discuss his life work, fearing that he may put himself too prominently forward, but the banking fraternity of Cleveland speak of him only in terms of praise and regard him as one of the most profound students of banking in northern Ohio. They accredit to his conservative methods and sound judgment the successful conduct of his bank through several financial panics and the substantial upbuilding of the institution which now has deposits of twenty-seven million dollars. Moreover, his contemporaries and colleagues speak of him as a man, who without the advantages of collegiate training has, through his own efforts, become a scholar and man of unusual individuality, possessing, moreover, considerable literary ability. GEORGE W. CADY. With the growth and development of Cleveland it has become an important wholesale center, its advantageous situation enabling it by rail and navigation routes to supply a large territory with trade commodities. It is in this field of labor that George W. Cady is operating as president of the Cady-Ivison Shoe Company, conducting a wholesale business, his ramifying trade interests covering an extended district. Mr. Cady comes from a state which for many years was the center of the shoe trade. He was born in Dudley, Massachusetts, February HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 425 2, 1840, his parents being H. C. and Sarah (Perry) Cady, also natives of the Old Bay state. The father in early life learned the carpenter's trade and became a well known contractor, continuing in that field of activity until his death, about twenty years ago. His wife had passed away in 1846. George W. Cady, only six years of age at the time of his mother's death, was educated in Nichols Academy at Dudley, Massachusetts, and at the age of eighteen and a half years came alone to Cleveland, arriving in this city in 1858. Here he entered the employ of Burgert, Adams & Company, wholesale shoe dealers, as clerk, and remained with the house for ten years. After three years he became traveling salesman and in 1868 started upon an independent business venture, opening his house under tip., name of George W. Cady, Manufacturers' Agent. Prospering in this undertaking, after ten years he became a factor in the wholesale trade under the name of George W. Cady & Company, and on the 1st of January, 1895, the business was incorporated as the Cady-Ivison Shoe Company. From a small beginning the business has steadily grown until the trade now reaches a million dollars annually. The officers of the company are : George W. Cady, president ; W. C. Ivison, first vice president; Sanda Debold, second vice president ; and W. F. Lyon, secretary and treasurer. For over a half century Mr. Cady has carried on business on Water street and with one exception is the oldest merchant on this thoroughfare. His name has long been a most honored one in the trade circles of this city and he has confined his attention almost exclusively to his business, his close application and unremitting energy constituting the salient features in his success. On the 2d of July, 1863, Mr. Cady was married to Miss Amanda L. Feusier of Cleveland and they have two daughters, Mrs. F. C. Spinney of Boston, Massachusetts, and Mrs. W. C. Ivison of New York city. The family residence is at Clifton Park. Mr. Cady votes with the republican party and his social relations are with the Union, Roadside and Clifton Park Clubs. Extremely modest and retiring in disposition, his genuine personal worth, however, has gained him unqualifred regard as one of the representative men and citizens of Cleveland who for a half century has made his home here. CHARLES A. MORRIS. Charles A. Morris, an attorney engaged in general practice as a member of the firm of Wilcox & Morris, was born in Cleveland, April 28, 1880. The mingled blood of Irish and German ancestry flows in his veins. His grandfather, James C. Morris, was born in Ireland and was a member of a well known family of that country. Having some disagreement with his brother, his father gave him ten thousand dollars in gold and with this sum he came to America in 1850. He passed through Cleveland and located at North Royalton, Ohio, where he purchased a large tract of farming land. He carried on general agricultural pursuits there throughout his remaining days and after becoming a naturalized American citizen gave stalwart and unfaltering allegiance to the democratic party. His son, John P. Morris, was born at North Royalton, July 27, 1852, and came to Cleveland in 187o when a young man of eighteen years. Here for a long period he was associated with the Ohio Baking Company. He married Addie Wentz, who was born March 28, 1859, at Winesburg, Ohio, and is still living in Cleveland. Her father, Martin Wentz, was a native of Germany and on coming to the United States settled at Winesburg but afterward removed to Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he engaged in the hotel business. Mr. and Mrs. John P. Morris had one daughter, Mabel A., who is now teaching in the public schools of Cleveland. The only son, Charles A. Morris, acquired his early education in the public schools and following his graduation from the high school with the class of 426 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1898 he entered Adelbert College, now the Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1902. He completed a course in the Western Reserve law school in 1905, when the LL. B. degree was conferred upon him and in the same year he was admitted to the bar. He began practicing and as a member of the firm of Wilcox & Morris has done a creditable business as a representative of the legal fraternity, giving his attention to all departments of law practice rather than specializing in any particular line. In addition to his professional work he is vice president of the Gates Legal Publishing Company, publishers of briefs, records and cases for other lawyers for use before the supreme court. On the 24th of December, 1907, Mr. Morris was married to Miss Ethel M. Peck, a daughter of James H. and Phoebe (Johnstone) Peck, of Cleveland. Mr. Morris is a member of two college organizations, the Delta Tau Delta and the legal fraternity, the Phi Delta Phi. He likewise belongs to the Odd Fellows society and is a member of the Rough Riders Club of the first ward. Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise he has given inflexible support to the republican party, is recognized as one of the active workers in its ranks and is frequently a delegate to its county conventions. There have been no spectacular chapters in his career but since entering upon his chosen life work his course has been marked by steady and substantial progress. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN HAMBLETON, M. D. Dr. Benjamin Franklin Hambleton has been numbered among the successful practitioners of medicine and surgery at Cleveland since the 1st of January, 1901. His birth occurred at Beloit, Ohio, on the 7th of November, 1872, his parents being I. H. and Catharine H. (Myers) Hambleton, likewise natives of the Buckeye state. He can trace his ancestry back to 1716, at which time several representatives of the name—Quakers--were living in Bucks county, Pennsylvania. I. H. Hambleton, the father of our subject, followed farming as a life work and passed away on the 29th of March, 1886, when fifty-two years of age. His widow, who has now attained the age of seventy, still survives and makes her home at Beloit. Benjamin F. Hambleton obtained his early education in the country schools and when a lad of twelve years began assisting his father in the work of the home farm during the summer seasons, while the winter months were devoted to study. When seventeen years of age he entered Damascus (Ohio) Academy and at the end of four years was graduated from that mstitution in 1894, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Science. In 1895 he was a student at Mt. Union College, which his father also attended during the early years of its existence. He subsequently taught a country school until 1896, when he took up the study of medicine at the University of Michigan, there remaining for two years. He then entered the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons and when he had completed the prescribed course, that institution conferred upon him the degree of M. D. in 1900. He served as interne in the Cleveland General Hospital from the 1st of January, 1900, until the 1st of January, 1901, and since the latter date has given his attention to the private practice of medicine and surgery, in which he has been very successful, securing a constantly growing patronage. In September, 1901, he was made lecturer in physiology at the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, in 1903, acted as associate professor and in 1904 became professor, which chair he still holds. He was elected registrar of the faculty in 1908 and reelected in 1909. On the 26th of November, 1902, in Cleveland, Dr. Hambleton was united in marriage to Miss Phyllis Gertrude O'Neill, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. W. J. O'Neill, who is a contractor of this city. Both parents are living. Mrs. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 429 Hambleton is a graduate of the Central high school and also the City Normal School. The Doctor and his wife now have two children : Helen Catharine, born January 23, 1904 ; and Howard Francis, born January 12, 1906. Fraternally the Doctor is identified with the Royal Arcanum, of which he is past regent. He is also medical examiner for that organization, and in the line of his profession is connected with the Cleveland Academy of Medicine and the Ohio State Medical Association. He has gained recognition as one of the able and successful physicians of Cleveland and by his labors, his high professional attainments and his sterling characteristics has justified the respect and confidence in which he is held by the medical fraternity and the local public. His office is located at No. 5607 Euclid avenue and his home at No. 1925 East Fifty-ninth street. FAYETTE BROWN. A life from which nothing but good can follow, a character that may well serve as an example for all that is highest and best in manhood and in citizenship, such was the record which was closed in the passing of Fayette Brown, one of the oldest of Cleveland's business men. While he attained a high degree of prosperity it was never gained at the cost of other men's success. His were always constructive methods, characterized by the legitimate utilization of time, talents and material resources. He was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, December 17, 1823, and was the eighth in order of birth of a family of nine children. His father, Ephraim Brown, became a resident of Ohio in pioneer times and figured conspicuously in its history, being an influential factor in many events which left their impress upon the development and progress of the state. He was born in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, October 27, 1775, and was the eldest of a large family. In 1806 he wedded Mary Huntington, whose ancestors came from England in 1639 and settled in Connecticut. Of this family Governor Huntington was also a member. In the year 1814, in Connecticut, Ephraim Brown in connection with Thomas Howe purchased township 7, rang 4, in the Western Reserve from the Connecticut Land Company. The tract was then a part of an undeveloped wilderness but is now the site of the town of North Bloomfield. In 1815 he removed with his family to his new home and there resided until his death in 1845. He befriended many a fugitive slave in antebellum days and took an active part in furthering the cause of liberty. Realizing the value of education Ephraim Brown gave to his son Fayette excellent opportunities in that direction and he pursued his studies in the schools of Jefferson and Gambier, Ohio, to the age of eighteen years when, making choice of a commercial career, he started in business life as a clerk in the wholesale dry-goods establishment of his elder brother in Pittsburg. He remained as an employe in the establishment until 1845 when upon the retirement of the senior partner he was admitted to the firm and for six years was one of the proprietors of that enterprise. In 1851 Fayette Brown became a resident of Cleveland. Some months before he had formed a partnership here with the Hon. George Mygatt in the banking business under the firm style of Mygatt & Brown. The senior partner retired in 1857, after which Mr. Brown carried on banking in his own name until the outbreak of hostilities between the north and the south, when he closed the bank and soon afterward accepted an appointment from the president as paymaster in the United States army. He served in the position until the following year, when sickness and the imperative demands of his private affairs compelled his resignation. After his return home he became general agent and manager for the Jackson Iron Company, with which he continued until December, 1887, winning for himself in that time a reputation as one of the most capable iron masters of 430 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND the day. He made it his purpose to gain thorough knowledge of the business in principle and detail, to familiarize himself with every feature of the trade and no one did more to make Cleveland a great iron center than did Fayette Brown. His pluck, energy, strength of character and business's ability were displayed in many ways. He looked into the affairs of the company of which he was general manager with the trained eye of a business man, and by much personal and physical labor acquainted himself with all its possessions, surroundings and possibilities. He made it one of the leading and most successful enterprises of its day and region and its great financial returns were largely due to his labor and ability. He soon came to be looked upon in all quarters as one of the leading iron men of the west and his name developed into a power of strength to any enterprise with which it was associated. He extended his efforts into various fields, became connected with the Union Steel Screw Company as its president, was chairman of the Stewart Iron Company, Limited, president of the Brown Hoist- in Machinery Company, the National Chemical Company, the G. C. Kuhlanan Car Company and a member of the firm of H. H. Brown & Company, one of the large iron ore firms of the country, representing the Lake Superior Iron Company and the Champion Iron Company, two of the largest mines of the Lake Superior region. On the 15th of July, 1847, Mr. Brown was married to Miss Cornelia C. Curtiss, of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, and unto them were born three sons and two daughters. Two of his sons, Harvey H. and Alexander E. Brown, like their father have become prominent representatives of the iron trade of Cleveland. The former is a partner of the firm of Harvey H. Brown & Company The latter, connected with the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company has by his inventions revolutionized the lake transportation business. Mr. Brown possessed a most social nature which found manifestation in his membership in the Union Club and the Golf and Country Clubs of Cleveland, the Castalia Club, the Winous Point Shooting Club, the Point Moullie Shooting Club, the West Huron Shooting Club, the Huron Mountain Shooting and Fishing Club and the Munising Trout Club. He passed from this life on the loth of January, 1910. One of the local papers said editorially : "In the death of Mr. Fayette Brown, Sr., Cleveland loses one of the oldest and best of its citizens. a man who came to Cleveland in early years with such sterling qualities, integrity, backed by a physical power, that made him successful in all of his undertakings in business and civic life. "Mr. Brown was always interested in everything for the good of the city and for the welfare of its people ; an advocate and practicer of healthy outdoor life ; a keen sportsman, taking his vacations and recreation in shooting and fishing. He was an expert in all things pertaining to sportsmanship. Up to the age of eighty-five Mr. Brown spent many days in the duck marsh belonging to the clubs of which he was a member with as keen an interest and unerring an aim as he had always been noted for. "In the life of Mr. Brown an example has been shown of the best kind of a life for a man to lead, working indefatigably when he worked, enjoying the pursuits of recreation as keenly as he worked, untiring in mind and body, health for work promoted by his love and following of outdoor life and enjoying everything connected therewith, living honored and beloved by all who knew him and leaving this earth at a ripe age with lscarcely a faculty diminished up to the time of his final illness. "There are few of the men of Mr. Brown's generation left with us. It is sad when they go, but their examples live long after them. Such a life and character as Mr. Brown's has been is one from which nothing but good can follow. Living, as he did, to the letter of the law of the land in his business and civic life and to the letter of the law of God in his care of himself and his treatment of others, his death leaves an honored memory!: The Cleveland Leader wrote under the heading of "Fayette Brown's Monuments," as follows : "The funeral HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 431 of one of the oldest, strongest and best citizens of Cleveland yesterday drew together a notable gathering of men who have played very important parts in making the metropolis of Ohio what it is. They came as fellow workers with Fayette Brown, fellow builders of the city he believed in and enriched and expanded by his many enterprises carried on with great skill, judgment and energy. They did honor to his memory as a man of wide affairs, a leader in civic life and progress, a type of the best in the earlier periods of Cleveland's growth and expansion from the small town to the great city. "In thinking and speaking of the life and work of Fayette Brown it is natural to place first among his achievements the great industrial concern which bears his family name and is still in the hands of his sons and his old associates. It has carried his name to the ends of the earth and advertised Cleveland far and wide. Few men ever built up a greater industrial success, taking account of the talents and character represented in its founding and development. Fayette Brown reared his monument high and massive while he lived. "But yesterday the old friends and associates and neighbors of the strong man whose career ran through two full generations loved best to recall and dwell upon his absolute integrity, his spotless honor, his unblemished character. They found the man much nearer and dearer than his business achievements. Personal memories dimmed the fame of his great enterprises. "Cleveland will never lose the impress such lives made upon its youth. The formative period of the city's existence was rich in the character of the leaders brought to the front to meet the needs and seize the opportunities of the city at a time when individual wisdom, like individual errors, counted more than they could in a more advanced stage of growth. It was then that Fayette Brown earned the lasting honor of this community—a tribute which he never forfeited or proved unworthy of to the day of his death." JOHN T. WAMELINK, JR. The name of Wamelink has figured in connection with business and industrial interests in Cleveland through a period that covers the Psalmist's allotted span of life—three score years and ten—and through the decades which have since been added to the cycle of the centuries the Wamelinks have taken active part in commercial and industrial progress here. In Holland there is still to be seen the old ancestral home of the family which is one of the landmarks of that country. There Lambert H. Wamelink was reared and educated, preparing for the ministry although he did not enter the profession. He turned his attention instead to the manufacture of textiles and at length resolved to seek a home in America. After making the necessary preparations he not only crossed the Atlantic but also brought with him a number of other Holland families. The colony made their way direct to Cleveland and settled in a district which is now within the southern limits of the city-a region which borders Woodland Hills avenue. Lambert Wamelink was the financial man of the little company. Soon after his arrival in connection with Francis Nolze he engaged in the manufacture and sale of pianos under the firm name of Wamelink & Nolze. It was a difficult undertaking in these early clays and not very profitable. The different parts of the instruments, including ivory, fine woods, varnish, etc., were all imported from Europe. Most of the work was done by hand, thus constituting a tedious and expensive process, and moreover pianos were then considered a luxury which few could afford, for in those early days Cleveland was just emerging from villagehood and the settlers were meeting the hardships and privations of pioneer life rather than attempt to furnish their homes with the evidences of musical taste and culture. The output of the firm amounted to only about a, half dozen instruments and then the business was abandoned. 432 -HISTORY OF CLEVELAND John T. Wamelink, the father of our subject, was born in Holland in 1829 and was brought to America when only two years of age. In this city he was reared and educated and nearly a half century ago he became interested in the possibilities of a well conducted piano business which he established at No. 376 Superior street, where the company still continues the enterprise. There he sought to make quality the basic principle coupled with reasonable prices. By this time Cleveland's growth was such that many families were financially able to have a piano and the state had also become well settled, with evidences of comfort and wealth in many districts. From the beginning John Wamelink met with success in the undertaking. He was conversant with every detail of the piano trade and possessed moreover wonderful musical instinct, doubtless a part of his inheritance. As a musician he possessed ability of superior order and for a quarter of a century was the organist in St. John's cathedral. His labors and talent had marked influence over the development of musical culture in this city and he continued in business until his death, which occurred December 31, 1900. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Catherine Sweetland, was born in 1837 and is still living in this city. John T. Wamelink, Jr., whose name introduces this record, was educated in the parochial schools of Cleveland and in Georgetown University at Washington, D. C. On leaving school he became associated with his father in the piano business and following the death of his parent in 1900 was elected president and treasurer of the company. Their business is the oldest in connection with the musical trade in this city and for a half century the company has remained at their present location which is well equipped in every particular for the conduct of the business. That the business has been continued for so many years is an indication of the quality of their output and the reliable business methods which they have ever followed. Mr. Wamelink was married to Miss Helen B. Cassidy, of Cleveland. He is a member of the Union, Euclid and Cleveland Yacht Clubs, also holds membership with the Knights of Columbus and is the vice president of the National Piano Dealers Association, this official preferment indicating the prominent place that is accorded him in the business circles with which his individual interests have continuously connected him. PERRY LYNES HOBBS. Perry Lynes Hobbs, Ph. D., analytical and consulting chemist, and for many years chemist of the Ohio Dairy and Food Commission, is a man well known, not only in Cleveland, but throughout the state, and everywhere esteemed as an authority in his line. Mr. Hobbs is a native of this city, born September so, 1861, his parents being Caleb S. and Ada Antoinette (Lynes) Hobbs. His father was a Bostonian who found his way to the Buckeye state and after serving for some years as paymaster on the Cleveland, Ashtabula Railroad, became identified with the Hobbs & Savage Printing Company. His mother's native place was Avon, Ohio. Perry L. Hobbs enjoyed exceptional educational advantages. He attended the public schools of the city, and his scientific proclivities having already become evident, he entered the Case School of Applied Science and was graduated from this institution. He then went abroad, and entered the famous University of Berlin, from which he ultimately won the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. In 1889 he returned to Cleveland and assumed the chair of chemistry in the Western Reserve Medical College, filling this position with distinction for the ensuing thirteen years. In 1903 he severed this relation and has since been engaged in analytical and consulting chemistry and chemical engineering. Since 1896 he has served as chemist for the Ohio Dairy and Food Commission and has been otherwise employed by the government as a chemical expert. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 435 Mr. Hobbs laid the foundation of a congenial home life by his marriage to Miss Mary L. Marshall, daughter of Dr. Isaac H. Marshall. This union has been blessed with three children, named Mary Antomette, Katharine M. and Perry Marshall. The Hobbs residence is situated at 6508 Euclid avenue. The social is an element not lacking in Mr. Hobbs' nature and he finds much pleasure in his fraternal relations. His Masonic affiliations have given him an extensive friendship in addition to that acquired in the ordinary course of life, for he enjoys high rank and prominence in this world-wide organization. He has been master of Iris Lodge, potentate of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and holds membership in Webb Chapter, Cleveland Council, Holyrood Commandery, and Lake Erie Consistory. He is also connected with the University and Masonic Clubs. He greatly enjoys fishing and out-door life and is a member of the Castalia Trout Club. He is an active, working member of the Chamber of Commerce and served for a number of years on its educational committee. It is apparent from a glance at his career that Mr. Hobbs is by nature an enthusiast, not content with half measures or makeshifts, but demanding the highest and best whether in his knowledge of his profession, or in those associations which bind him to his fellowmen. LEMUEL M. SOUTHERN. Few men have played a more conspicuous part in the development of any city than Lemuel M. Southern has taken in the growth of Cleveland, which has been his home since 1839. While he has been especially active m the real- estate business and is now the president and treasurer of the L. M. Southern Real Estate & Improvement Company, his efforts have not been confined to one field of operation and many worthy causes of charity and philanthropy have received his support. He was born in Ithaca, New York, in 1837, and is a son of William and Anna (Pixley) Southern, natives of Maryland and Connecticut, respectively. In their union were combined the best traits of the sturdy German, which the father inherited from his ancestors, and those of the New Englander, whose love of freedom of thought as well as of act and whose initiative were transmitted through the mother's parentage. Upon coming to Ohio, Mr. and Mrs. Southern first lived in Rockport for a short time, where the father secured some land and engaged in farming, while at the same time he conducted a vigorous business in staves, finding a market in England. He came to Cleveland later and here continued in this same line of work for a number of years, indeed almost until his death, which occurred in Rockport, Ohio, in 1871, when he was seventy-one years of age. His wife survived him about five years, when she too passed away at the age of sixty-nine years. Of the nine children born to them three alone now survive—our subject, Mrs. Alvira Ingran and Julius C. Lemuel M. Southern received his early education in the public school of Cleveland, which was then housed in a little log building, but his most valuable training for the responsibilities of life and for the position he has filled from the first as a leading citizen, was obtained in that more democratic institution of instruction-experience. He possessed in high degree the faculty of keenly observing life about him, profiting from such lessons as it had to offer and looking into the future to discern means of meeting the needs of those who should come after. From the age of eight Mr. Southern dates the beginning of his business career, although he was only five years old when he earned his first money—a six pence. Since eight years of age he has never received a dollar save through his own exertions. At the beginning his employment was various, such as making hay, peddling fruit, cutting wood and doing other odd jobs, wherever 436 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND they were to be had. He passed through all the hardships of pioneer life and he also experienced many of the pleasures of those early days, which, he asserts, were capable of giving a keener enjoyment than the more elaborately contrived entertainments of the present. At the age of thirteen he gave one evidence of the talent for trade and business which has ever distinguished his career. Having saved twelve dollars and a half, through working for ten and twelve and a half cents a day, he secured a ten days' option upon four acres of land. Before four days had expired he had sold three and a half acres of the ground for what the entire lot had cost him and upon the remainder built a house. In all the negotiation cleared him two hundred and seventy-five dollars. When between fourteen and fifteen years of age Mr. Southern began to learn the builder's trade, obtaining at first two and a half shillings a day and his board. He completed his apprenticeship and then for the next twenty years devoted himself to that field of labor, in that period erecting from cellar to chimney top many of the buildings of this city. The acumen that had so early distinguished his operations in the real-estate market, however, was not permitted to slumber during that period but rather found constant and more extensive exercise as the years opened up opportunities and the advance of progress pointed the way to improvements. In connection with this phase of his activities, Mr. Southern's name very frequently appears as the one who inaugurated customs or conditions which are now taken for granted. Not only was he the first real-estate men in Cleveland to make allotments of property, but he was also the first to improve the allotments before they were placed upon the market. To him the city owes in no small measure the grading, curbing and paving of streets, for he was the first to suggest the feasibility of such practice and the first to urge the laying of sidewalks. North of the Ohio he was the first man to introduce the practice of paving the streets with brick, and save for Case avenue, his was the first residence street so paved. He also originated the double cased, asbestos wrapped pipe. He practically opened and always led the real-estate business in this city, and on several occasions he revived it from a stagnant condition. In this connection he enjoys the distinction of having bought the largest allotment ever purchased in Cleveland or in the county, paying for it the sum of three hundred and thirty-five thousand dollars. Ten thousand dollars he paid down, the rest in five months, out of the sale of the property which returned him five hundred thousand dollars. This transaction was culminated in the fall of 1879, but he had been just as active in the decade preceding, although in the financial stress of 1873 he lost the one hundred and seventy-five thousand dollars he had accumulated. During that period of uncertainty and scarcity of money, Mr. Southern turned his time to good advantage in prospecting for minerals in Colorado, locating some of the most valuable veins of ore in the state. Through lack of funds, however, he was unable to develop them and as his bonds ran out he eventually lost them, without realizing a dollar upon his investment. His judgment nevertheless was not at fault, for they have increased in value so as now to be worth fully a million dollars, and for two of them Senator Jones paid two hundred thousand dollars. What Mr. Southern considers his largest deal in the real-estate market of Cleveland was made on a lot on Euclid avenue, for which he paid one hundred thousand dollars and which he sold three days later at a profit of seventy-five hundred dollars. It, however, was but one of upwards of fifty allotments and comprised only a few of over three thousand acres which he had bought and sold in this city. In fact, it is said that his name appears on more deeds than. that of any other man in the county. Wade Park is one of the localities in which he evinced his business acumen and the best of his business policies and may perhaps be taken as an example of his methods. It comprised fifty acres but in preparing it for the market Mr. Southern expended one hundred and fifty thousand dollars upon improvements. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 437 On the loth of December, 1861, Mr. Southern wedded Miss Libbie Gale, of East Cleveland, a daughter of Martin Gale, formerly a resident of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Unto them were born two children : William M. and Mrs. William G. King, of New York, whose husband is connected with the King Optical Company, of New York and Chicago. Mrs. Southern passed away in 1902, and her death was deeply mourned. Like the remainder of the family she was a devout member of the Methodist church, although Mr. Southern has donated liberally to the building of every church in Cleveland. He is a man who is in every sense a Christian, kind, honorable and considerate in his dealings with others, patient with those less fortunate than himself, a real-estate dealer of whom it may truthfully be said that he has never foreclosed a mortgage although he has held a large number. He and his family live in a handsome residence on Lamont street in the east end of the city, which has been his home for the past forty-six years. He is a republican in his political views. EDWARD M. GRAVES. Edward M. Graves, public work contractor of Cleveland, has been numbered among the successful representatives of industrial interests in this city since 1901. He was born at Indianapolis, Indiana, in September, 1877, his parents being Thomas S. and Emma (Sells) Graves. The father, whose birth occurred in Kentucky in 1843, is still engaged in the live stock business at Indianapolis and has always been identified with that line of activity. His wife, who was born in Indiana in 1849, was called to her final rest in the year 1894. Edward M. Graves obtained his early education in the public schools and afterward pursued his studies in Purdue and Cornell Universities respectively, being graduated from the latter institution as a civil engineer in 1899. Embarking in business at Indianapolis, he there remained until Ig01, when he came to Cleveland and entered business as a public work contractor. He has made a specialty of marine work and this has included the dredging of the Cuyahoga river, the building of the West breakwater, the outlet to the main intercepting sewer and the construction of a part of the barge canal in New York. They also built the Washington park viaduct and were awarded contracts for the drainage of swamp lands in Missouri, Arkansas and Iowa as well as in the vicinity of the Saginaw river in Michigan. His operations have extended over the entire country and the business has steadily grown along substantial lines until it is now one of large and profitable proportions. In June, 1905, Mr. Graves was united in marriage to Miss Edna Wilson, of Lebanon, Indiana. He has attained the thirty-second degree in Masonry and is also a member of the Mystic Shrine, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the American Society of Civil Engineers. Although still a young man, he has already won an enviable place and reputation among the representatives of industrial interests in Cleveland. Thoroughly understanding the great scientific principles which underlie his work, he possesses also untiring energy, quick perception and readiness in forming and executing his plans. GEORGE C. KRIDLER. George C. Kridler, credit manager of the Root & McBride Company of Cleveland, importers, jobbers and manufacturers of dry goods, has been continuously identified with that concern since 1871, when he entered the employ of the company in the capacity of clerk. His birth occurred in Fremont, Ohio, on the 24th of December, 1852, his parents being James and Marie (Marsh) Krid- 438 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ler. The former was born in Pennsylvania in 1825, while the latter's birth occurred in the state of New York in 1828. James Kridler was a harness maker by trade and on leaving his native state took up his abode in Toledo, Ohio, while subsequently he removed to Fremont, this state, where he was actively and successfully engaged in business until the time of his demise in 1905. His wife was called to her final rest in 1902. George C. Kridler attended the public schools m the acquirement of an education. In 1871 he became connected with the enterprise with which he has been continuously identified to the present time and which was then known as Morgan, Root & Company. He was first employed in a clerical capacity but as time passed /rrd his ability became recognized he was gradually promoted to positions of greater responsibility until eventually he was made credit manager of the concern, in which connection he now ably represents its interests. His long identification with the dry goods trade has made him thoroughly familiar with the business in principle and detail and he is therefore well qualified for the duties of his present responsible position. He is likewise a director in the Bassett- Presley Company. In 1891 Mr. Kridler was united in marriage to Miss Florence Hambleton, of Buffalo, New York. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and the Union Club numbers him among its valued members. In all things he is actuated by an ambition which is most laudable and which has prompted him to that consecutive advancement wherein each forward step brings a broader outlook and wider opportunities. WILLIAM G. CALLOW. William G. Callow is the president and treasurer of the Kennedy Company of Cleveland. His birth occurred in Hudson, Ohio, on the 23d of November, 1862, his parents being Frank and Mary Callow. The father was born in England in 1834 and when a young man of twenty-one crossed the Atlantic to the United States, coming direct to Cleveland, Ohio. Here he was successfully engaged in business as a retail grocery merchant until the time of his retirement a few years prior to his demise, which occurred about a quarter of a century ago. His wife pased away when their son William was but four years of age. William G. Callow obtained his education in the Cleveland schools, having been brought to this city m early life. After putting aside his text-books he secured a position with a hardware firm—George Worthington Company—and remained in the employ of that concern for five years. On the expiration of that period he became identified with his present line of activity as a traveling salesman for Edward H. Foster, whom he represented on the road for about seven years. The concern failed at the end of that time and Mr. Callow was made assignee. Subsequently he became the vice president of the newly organized firm known as the Kennedy Company, which remained his official connection with the enterprise for a few years or until he was elected to the position of treasurer. For the past three years he has acted as the president of the company and in this connection ably directs and manages its affairs. The Kennedy Company deals in plumbers' and gas and steam fitters' supplies and the business has steadily grown along substantial lines until it is now one of extensive proportions, sales being made throughout Ohio and surrounding states. Mr. Callow is interested in the Euclid-Huron Improvement Company, as well as in various other concerns, and is widely recognized as one of the prosperous, progressive and representative business men of the city. In 1901 Mr. Callow was united in marriage to Miss Alice M. Byrne, a native of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise he has supported the men and measures of the republican party, believing HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 441 that its principles are most conducive to good government. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a worthy exemplar of the beneficent teachings of that fraternity. He likewise holds membership relations with the Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Athletic Club. Almost his entire life has been spent in Cleveland, where those who know him—and his acquaintance is wide-entertain for him warm friendship and regard. CHRISTOPHER LOHISER. Christopher Lohiser, president of the Gold Nugget Mining Company of Cleveland, and one of the influential men of this part of the state, was born September 15, 1841, Canton Bern, Switzerland, a son of John Lohiser. The latter was a man of some substance in his native land, where he drove a team for a gristmill and also owned his own home, a double house, and land sufficient to raise produce, flax and hemp. From the two last named products and the wool from two sheep the mother wove both linen and woolen cloth, first spinning and carding the thread, on a little wheel worked by foot. She made all the clothing, including the stockings, from the products of their little patch of land. There were five children in the family, one son and four daughters. A day laborer received from nine to ten cents per day for hard labor. Finally disaster overtook the little family, and John Lohiser sold his place and came to America when Christopher was ten years old. They came direct to Cleveland, landing at the foot of the river, with one dollar as the assets of the family. Out of that scanty fund the father paid five shillings for one week's rent. The shelter thus secured for the strangers was in one room on the second floor in the rear of a two-story building on the southeast corner of St. Clair and Spring streets, reached by an uncovered stairway. The room contained ono furniture, and the faithful mother did her scanty cooking on a neighbor's stove, setting it forth on the family chest, about which the five children knelt. Fortunately food was very cheap, and as they were prepared to endure much, none complained. The father was a large, strong man and secured work the day following his landing in the city. That winter was spent in this tiny room, and in the following spring removal was made to Mayflower street. John Lohiser worked as a carpenter and, assisted by his noble wife, soon had sufficient saved to build them a little house and make the first payments on the lot. After living in Cleveland three years, John Lohiser was taken ill with typhoid fever in November, 1854, and he was not sufficiently recovered to resume work until July of the following year. As he was ill so long the little home was lost. The prices prevailing then are interesting. The best meat was six cents a pound ; eggs, six cents a dozen ; butter, ten cents a pound ; flour, three dollars per barrel, and cornmeal fifty cents per one hundred pounds. During the cholera epidemic of 1854, however, prices advanced, and flour rose to ten dollars a barrel. Owing to his weakened state, John Lohiser could not endure the stress of city life and so removed to the country and secured work on the Mahoning Railroad, which was then being built, receiving one dollar per day. To assist him Christopher drove a team, receiving fifty cents per day, and performed a man's work although only fourteen years old. In order to accomplish this he had to eat his breakfast at three o'clock in the morning, walked one mile to the barn, cleaned the horses and stable, and afterward drove from two to three miles to the digging, and had to be on the ground at six o'clock. Then followed a day of intensely hard work until seven o'clock at night, when he had to drive back, take care of the horses, and walk the mile to his home. When the road was completed, John Lohiser removed to the vicinity of Chardon and worked on the Chardon & Painesville road which was in course of con- 442 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND struction. Here, too, Christopher Lohiser worked hard, carrying water to the men and picks to be sharpened at the blacksmith shop, which was one and one- half miles away. For this he received five shillings a day, and his father was paid one dollar and ten cents per day. They were gettmg along quite well, having boarders and doing all they could to save something, when the company went into liquidation, and they lost two months' wages and also the money owing them from their boarders who were employed by the same concern. It seems, though, as if nothing could daunt these brave souls, who started working for the farmers, chopping wood during the winter. In November, 1861, as might have been expected, Christopher Lohiser enlisted in the army, and received his honorable discharge February 1, 1865. Four days later, February 5, 1865, he was united in marriage with Lena Kuhnle at Port Clinton, Ohio, and for one year he engaged in farming. In 1866 he located in Geauga county, Ohio, where he raised potatoes for the market. Misfortune seemed to have marked this hard-working young man for its own, for his early planting was killed by a late frost and his re-planted crop by an early frost. However, not discouraged, he went to work for the Geauga Stove Company of Painesville, continuing with them for five years and earning good wages, but had to give up his position on account of the injury to his health. Therefore he returned to Port Clinton and was employed as a carpenter. Later he sold sewing machines and then entered the employ of J. & J. R. Wagner, of Cleveland, manufacturers of awnings and tents. In November, 1881, The Wagner Manufacturing Company was organized, with Mr. Lohiser as vice president. The business so increased that the old quarters soon became too small and removal was made to the present site on Euclid avenue near Wilson street. In March, 1899, Mr. Lohiser resigned his office and became interested in the gold fields. He traveled all over Colorado, Wyoming, Montana, Idaho, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Nevada, Arizona and California and finally located his claim in Idaho, south of the great Coeur d' Alene country. In 1902 he went prospecting in Gold Mountain with Frank Smith Dunlap and Grant Robins, all of Idaho. Mr. Lohiser was fortunate enough to see great wealth in both gold and copper, the Mountain Gulch, the Sampson and the Gold Mountain Mining Companies hauling away large and rich deposits of ore that was in sight and on the dump. J. C. Northrup owned a placer mine on the Palouse river and was mining it with pick and shovel. The ground being mostly stone of all sizes, cemented with clay and gravel, mining was very difficult. One day while his friends were prospecting, Mr. Lohiser watched Mr. Northrup and sons doing their placer mining. To his surprise he saw large yellow nuggets slide down behind the gravel in the sluice, and sink out of sight in the holes bored in the planks, to the double bottom which was made to catch the gold. At five o'clock they made a cleanup for the day's work, and found they had about forty-two dollars. After some discussion, Mr. Lohiser concluded a deal with Mr. Northrup for eight thousand dollars, in which the latter deeded to Mr. Lohiser the placer ground which ran three miles up the river, consisting of rich quartz mines ; six claims of quartz comprising one hundred and twenty acres covered with beautiful timber and steep and lofty mountains and abundant water at the foot hills. This property goes up to the summit and down the other side, also twenty acres a mile south, adjoining Gold mountain. In addition to the cash paid, Mr. Lohiser also paid ten hundred thousand shares of stock in the company he organized three years later, called The Gold Nugget Mining Company. Since then he has added materially to his holdings, now having nine claims in one body, comprising one hundred and eighty acres of rich gold ore. The company also owns the Silverkins mine, which is one mile south and which is a lead and silver property. Two miles to the west the company owns the Black Diamond Placer mine. They have a tunnel into the mountain seven hundred feet and having a depth of six hun- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 443 dred feet and assaying over one thousand, four hundred dollars per ton on some of the ore. Mr. Gunn, of Collinwood, Ohio, is vice president of the company of which Mr. Lohiser is the efficient head, and the business is conducted upon a strictly honest basis. Mr. Lohiser feels that he would be dishonoring his parents and their teachings if he allowed anything to be done that was not in perfect accord with their lives. It is his pride that he was a poor boy and forced to work hard. He claims that every cent he made prior to his going into the army was handed over to his parents. He lost his father when he was seventy-three, but his mother lived to be eighty-nine years and eight months. All of his education was secured through his own efforts, he not having attended school more than three months. He learned to read and write English and German from a book given him by a comrade during the war. It is remarkable what this poor lad accomplished. Ever struggling against poverty, ignorant of the language of the country, handicapped by lack of opportunity, and yet he is proud of his bringing up, for he feels that the lessons taught by his good father and mother have borne good fruit, and that they are such as he can never forget. Mr. Lohiser does not use strong drink or tobacco in any form and attributes to this in part his excellent health at sixty-eight years. It is his ambition to do something substantial for the poor and needy, and yet perhaps he has accomplished more than he realizes in the example he has set, and that material aid will not produce such a product as the hardships of his life have brought out in him. CHARLES R. DIEBOLD. Charles R. Diebold has for the past three years been the president and treasurer of the Diebold-Peters Company of Cleveland, the leading designers and manufacturers of high grade machinery and interchangeable parts in the middle west. He was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, on the 17th of September, 1871, a son of Elias and Caroline Diebold. The father, whose birth occurred in Baden Baden, Germany, in 1840, crossed the Atlantic to the United States in 1861, locating in Cincinnati, Ohio. There he successfully followed his trade as a designer and wood worker until the time of his demise in 1902. Charles R. Diebold, who acquired his education in the public schools, put aside his text-books at the age of sixteen years and entered the employ of the Lane & Bodley Company as an apprentice pattern-maker and machinist. He remained in the service of that company for six years and during that time also attended the Ohio Mechanics Institute. Subsequently he traveled all over the United States and constantly augmented his knowledge along mechanical lines by attending schools of this character from 1891 until 1896. In that year he came to Cleveland and entered the service of the Globe Iron Works Company as mechanical draftsman, being thus engaged for a year and a half. He next accepted a position as mechanical draftsman with the Long Arm System Company, afterward served as mechanical engineer for two years, and then was made superintendent of the plant, acting in that capacity for one year. At the end of that time he was elected secretary of the concern and for five years remained & stockholder and director therein, his connection with the company covering altogether a period of nine years. After resigning his position with the Long Arm System Company he organized the Diebold-Peters Company and has since served as its president and treasurer. A broad experience, the best designing and engineering ability procurable, together with a thorough trained force of mechanics and a rigid system of inspection of every finished product, have combined to establish and will maintain the enviable reputation of his concern as the leading designers and manufacturers of high grade machinery and inter- 444 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND changeable parts in the middle west. Owing to the phenomenal growth and success of the automobile industry, they have in the past three years developed a special department in the manufacture of unit parts such as front and rear axles, transmissions, universal connections and clutches. These parts are made in accordance with thorough knowledge and practical experience with plans and specifications of some of the leading motor car manufacturers of the country. The present enlarged and improved facilities of the Diebold-Peters Company particularly equip them to give their best attention and efforts to other lines of manufacture that are now seeking to embody the high standard of material and workmanship in their product which have been recognized by the foremost designers and engineers of the United States. A force of one hundred and twenty-five men is employed in the conduct of the business. Mr. Diebold is likewise a stockholder in the "Long-Arm" System Company and is widely recognized as one of the prominent and prosperous citizens of Cleveland. On the 1st of March, 1898, in Cleveland, Mr. Diebold, wedded Miss Sarah Ann Robertson, by whom he has two children : Charles E., eleven years of age, who is a public school student ; and Elwood, who is three years old. The family residence is at No. 88o6 Carnegie avenue. In politics Mr. Diebold is a stalwart republican and, as every true American citizen should do, keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day. He is a devoted and consistent member of the Congregational church and fraternally is identified with the Knights of Pythias. He is fond of all manly outdoor sports and finds much pleasure and recreation in ,hunting, fishing and pedestrianism. Liberal educational advantages brought him a broad and comprehensive knowledge of the great scientific principles which underlie his present business interests. Prompted by laudable ambition, he has made gradual advancement and each forward step has brought him a wider outlook and enlarged opportunities until he stands today as one of the most distinguished representatives of his department of manufacturing enterprise. EDWARD G. ERNST. It is through his own ability that Edward G. Ernst has risen to the responsible position of purchasing agent for the National Carbon Company, one of the larger manufacturing concerns of Cleveland. He was born in Tavistock, Ontario, Canada, December 14, 1877, a son of Charles F. and Mary Ann (Laschinger) Ernst. His paternal grandfather, John Ernst, was born in Upper Alsace, Germany, December 4, 1806. He served in the German army and afterward crossed the Atlantic and settled in New York. Later he and a party of his compatriots left that city for Ontario by ox team, and when they settled in that province, named the town they established Petersburgh. There Mr. Ernst erected a building which was used as inn, general store and postoffice, fulfilling the duties of host, proprietor and postmaster until his death. He served as a captain in the Canadian army and was one of the few who received an invitation from the governor general to be present at the opening of the first railroad between Toronto and Montreal. His wife was born in Bern, Germany. The maternal grandfather of our subject was born in Baden, Germany, and came to the new world when he was a young man. He settled in Hamburg, Ontario, where he engaged in the nursery business until his death. His wife was, like himself, a native of Baden. Charles F. Ernst, at the time of the birth of his son Edward, was conducting a general store at Tavistock, Ontario. Later he became a traveling salesman, representing the largest Canadian firms dealing in hats, caps and furs. Later he associated himself with the National Carbon Company, having charge of their interests in Ontario, first and then in Illinois and Indiana as well. He HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 447 was still in the employ of that company at the time of his death, November, 1896. He was a man of a mechanical turn of mind, who was continually working during his spare time upon some invention, being responsible for several which have facilitated manufacturing and business methods. His wife was born in Hamburg, Ontario. As his father was a traveling man, Edward G. Ernst removed from one place to another frequently during his youth, but the years he was of an age to attend school were passed in Hamburg, Ontario, where he was admitted to the high school, after having completed the course of the grammar school. Even as a boy he was anxious to progress and was impatient if every moment was not spent in work of some value ; accordingly during one summer vacation he worked for a farmer, the next found employment with an undertaker, another in a furniture factory, in a general store, and in other places, wherever there was an opportunity for an ambitious boy to find work. His real business career, however, began when he was fifteen years of age. At that time his father owned the electric light plant at Hamburg, Ontario, and when the electrician resigned his position upon short notice, he applied for and received the office. For the next eighteen months Mr. Ernst acquitted himself creditably, taking care of the boiler, engine and dynamo until 12 o'clock at night, and on Saturdays collecting from the consumers of the current. As a result of this trial it was decided that Mr. Ernst should have a better education, and after much persuasion he took a course in the business college at Stratford, Ontario, situated fourteen miles from Hamburg. At the expiration of eighteen months he received his diploma in the general business course and also in shorthand and typewriting, and forthwith set out to make his own way in the world. He went to Detroit, Michigan, where he made many applications to business firms, desiring to secure a position as bookkeeper or in a clerical capacity which would give him a start. It was three months, in spite of his persistent efforts, before he was able to obtain work, at that time entering the employ of the National Carbon Company, with whom his father was then connected. He represented them in Ontario for a short period and then, having covered the territory assigned to him, returned to Detroit, where he found work in the assembling and shipping department of the Free Press Printing Company. He was there only a short time, however, when the manager of the Peninsular Engraving Company asked him to assume charge of the commercial photograph department which the firm was then opening. He had already had considerable experience in amateur photography, so that the character of the work was greatly to his liking and the fact that a larger salary was connected with the position made it a decided advance. For about a year and a half he remained with that concern, in that time becoming well informed in the engraving business, and then his father died and he himself was taken ill. Upon his recovery he was offered a position by the National Carbon Company, on the condition that he would come to Cleveland. He reached this city December 31, 1896, and on the first of the new year he started to work for his new firm. At first he addressed envelopes from a prepared list, then was given a minor position in the order department, being advanced from time to time as he became familiar with the work. But he was a man of great ambition, and after having been in that department for about two years and realizing that he could not advance farther, he applied to those in authority and was accorded a position with the treasurer to assist in the purchasing. He entered upon his new duties January 1, 1899, and a few months later was made assistant purchasing agent. About two years later he was appointed purchasing agent, holding that position to the present. The record of his life is but another example of the achievements which may be made through the persistent exercise of such qualities as are foremost in the characters of the men who have been factors in the commercial life of any city. 448 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Like his father, Mr. Ernst is of a mechanical turn of mind, finding a great deal of pleasure in working out the many ideas that come to him. At present he has three inventions in the patent office, which he believes will greatly facilitate the method of addressing letters and envelopes. He finds especial delight in photography and in such outdoor sports as golf, fishing and hunting. He belongs to the Hermit Club, the Clifton Club, the Singers' Club, and is secretary- treasurer of the Westwood Golf Club. He has recently formed the Ernst- Heiser Company, for the purpose of conducting a high class commercial photographic business in Cleveland, he being the executive head of the company. LLOYD F. CHARLESWORTH. Lloyd F. Charlesworth, of the firm of D. Charlesworth & Son, florists, was born in Newburg, a suburb of Cleveland, his natal day being Christmas, 1872. He is of English origin, his parents being David and Elizabeth (Faucett) Charlesworth, the former born in Sherwood Forest, England, and educated in historic old Canterbury, renowned in song and story. The mother is the daughter of an English contractor. A sketch of David Charlesworth appears elsewhere in this volume. Lloyd F. Charlesworth received his public-school education in Sterling school and supplemented this with courses of study in both the Spencerian Business College and the Caton College, in the latter becoming expert in bookkeeping. Upon leaving school he assisted his father for a time in the florist business and in 1895 he went to New York, where he came in touch with the latest and most exquisite ideas in floriculture. After remaining in Gotham for some little time, he returned to Cleveland and has ever since been associated with his father under the firm name of D. Charlesworth & Son. Their place which is one of the leading establishments of its kind in the city is located at 1883 Ansel Road. They have also a branch store on Euclid avenue, of which Lloyd F. Charles- worth is in charge. Father and son have experienced great success and their patronage is daily increasing. On the 28th of December, 1898, Mr. Charlesworth laid the foundation of a happy home life by his marriage to Miss Corinne Lehman, of Cleveland. They have a family of three children : Hugo, ten years of age ; Elizabeth, aged seven ; and David, aged three. Mr. Charlesworth, like his father, supports the men and measures of the republican party. He is a good churchman, being Episcopalian in religious belief. Both he and his father are representative of the honorable and progressive commercial life of the city, their particular branch of it being unusually aesthetic. VACLAW J. MINARICK. It is remarkable what progress is made by those who come here from foreign shores and knowing little or nothing of the language or customs, become successful business men. Vaclaw J. Minarick, president of the Citizens Coal & Feed Company, is an excellent example of what many of the best citizens of Cleveland have accomplished, especially those from his own land. He was born in the western part of Bohemia, October 12, 1851, being a son of Peter and Babara Minarick. Until fourteen years of age be attended school and then worked in a coal mine for three years. Being ambitious, he resolved to come to the United States, feeling sure he would have better opportunities here. Arriving in this country, he came to Cleveland, where he found employment in .a blast furnace for five HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 449 years. During this time he was learning the language and perfecting himself in business methods, so that when he organized the Citizens Coal & Feed Company he did so intelhgently and conducted it profitably, incorporating the business in 1907, with himself as the president. The business has grown to large proportions and controls an immense trade that is steady. In September, 1874, Mr. Minarick married Mary Kadera, and they have three children : Mary and Almira at home; and Frank, twenty-three years old, who is bookkeeper for the Columbia Savings & Loan Company. He attended public school until fifteen and then, entering St. Ignatius College, was graduated from it after a two years' course. He then attended St. Mary's University at Baltimore and was graduated there after two years. Mr. Minarick is independent in politics, voting for the man he deems best fitted for office. His religious faith is that of the Catholic church. It would be difficult to find a better type of citizen than he, and he is at once an honor to Bohemia, to which he is proud to belong, and to his adopted country. At all times he has stood for good government and honesty in business and politics. M. ZEMAN. M. Zeman is at the head of a new concern, the M. Zeman Iron Works, established in April, 1909, but his record here and elsewhere is such as to gain the confidence of the public in its stability and reliability, for he has succeeded in everything he has undertaken. He was born in Probulov, Bohemia, February 15, 1860, being a son of John and Anna Zeman. From the time he was sixteen years old he has earned his own living, but prior to that attended school in his native place. In order to learn the iron manufacturing trade Mr. Zeman went to Prague, Bohemia, where he remained two years, and following this entered the Austrian army to serve his military term. Owing to his knowledge he was sent to Turkey as a mechanic and was kept busy erecting hospitals and other buildings for the Austrian government for three years. Following his discharge, he continued in Turkey as a building contractor of steel structures for four years more, and then came to Cleveland to engage with the Excelsior Iron Works Company, as foreman of the first steel constructure-the Perry-Payne building. For ten years, Mr. Zeman remained with this company and then in 1895 established an iron manufacturing plant of his own at No. 1315 Broadway. In 1901 he erected a building at No. 5400 Broadway. That same year he formed a stock company and in 1905 erected a new factory at No. 6824 Union avenue to accommodate his large increase in business. In 1908 Mr. Zeman sold his interests here and returned to Europe, traveling all over France, Germany, Bohemia and various countries. After an enjoyable journey he returned to Cleveland and established the M. Zeman Iron Works with office at East Fifty-fifth street and the Erie Railroad. The company manufactures all kinds of architectural and ornamental iron specialties. including grills, stairs, railings, lawn seats, vases, settees, iron fences and similar articles. On July 20, 1889, Mr. Zeman was married in Cleveland to Miss M. Svoboda, and they have three children : Miroslav, a graduate of the public schools and the Central Institute, who for two years has been studying in a technical school in Prague, Bohemia ; Ladimir, who was the first graduate of the Cleveland technical high school and is now attending the Case School of Applied Science ; and Otakar, who is attending the public schools. The family residence is at 5416 Mumford avenue. Mr. Zeman belongs to the Knights of Pythias, the C. S. P. S. and the Bohemian Turners. He is a man of exceptionally wide experience in his work and possesses more than average business ability. When a man has been associated with so