(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 550 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr, Corlett is a member of Newburg Lodge, No. 369, F. & A. M., and for thirty-eight years has been its treasurer—a state record in that capacity. He also affiliates with Baker Chapter, No. 139, R. A. M., of which he was high priest for two terms; Holyrood Commandery, No. 32, K. T.; and Al Koran Temple, A. A. O. N. M. S. He is in thorough sympathy with the purposes of the craft, taking an active interest in its work and exemplifying in his life its beneficent purposes. For a number of terms Mr. Corlett has been a member of the Newburg school board and the cause of education finds in him a stalwart champion. His political allegiance is given to the republican party for he is a firm believer in its principles. The greater part of his life has been passed in this city and as a child he remembers celebrating the 4th of July of 185o in the old courthouse on the square. He has watched with interest the gradual growth and development as the small town of a half century ago has become the metropolis of the state, and in recent years he has taken a very helpful and important part in the work which keeps Cleveland abreast with other cities in the lines of its material upbuilding, improvement and adornment. SOLON L. SEVERANCE. Solon. L. Severance, for many years prominent in financial and commercial circles, was born in Cleveland, September 8, 1834. His father, Solomon Lewis Severance, coming as a young man from Shelburne, Massachusetts, in 1830, became one of Cleveland's earliest dry-goods merchants. His mother before her marriage was Miss Mary H. Long, only daughter of Dr. David Long, Cleveland's pioneer physician, who settled here in 1810 and married a daughter of Judge John Walworth. Mr. Severance's father died in 1838, leaving two sons, Solon L. and Louis H., and the mother, who lived to be eighty-six years of age, passed away October 1, 1902. The son Solon L. Severance was educated in the district and private schools of those early days. Commencing as an office boy at the age of fourteen, he worked his way upward in the banking business until, with others, he organized the Euclid Avenue National Bank, being its first cashier and last president before its absorption into the Euclid Park and later the First National Bank. Mr. Severance is still identified with banking interests, being a director of the First National, the largest bank in the state of Ohio, On October 10, 1860, Mr. Severance was married to Miss Emily C. Allen, a native of Kinsman, Trumbull county, Ohio, where her father and grandfather were noted surgeons. Three children have been born to them : Julia, a graduate of Wells College, is the wife of Dr. B. L. Millikin, of this city. Professor Allen D. Severance, a graduate of Amherst College, class of 1889, a student at Oberlin and Hartford Theological Seminaries and the Universities of Halle, Berlin and Paris, has been identified for ten years with' Adelbert College and the. College for Women of Western Reserve University, where he is at present associate professor of church history and instructor in historical bibliography. The youngest daughter, Mary, resides with her parents. Mr. Severance is a member of the Union Club and the Chamber of Commerce. He has been prominent in religious and philanthropic work. Having been connected from boyhood with the Second Presbyterian church, he became later a charter member of the Woodland Avenue church, in which he served as an elder and Sunday school superintendent for many years. Mr. Severance has been something of a traveler. He began his experiences as such on the notable voyage of the steamer Quaker City, the pioneer of tourist craft in eastern waters. This was a wooden ship of sixteen hundred tons burden, and the story of its cruise has been most entertainingly told by Mark Twain in his "Innocents Abroad." In his later HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 553 years, among other journeys, Mr. Severance has twice visited China and Japan and made the voyage around the world. These journeys and interests he has shared with friends and a wide public, giving many addresses illustrated by stereopticon, and striving to enlist their sympathy and cooperation in the cause of Christian missions. F. W. COEN. Few things are more gratifying in the world of business than a continuous advance that comes in recognition of a man's diligence and ability. F. W. Coen, who is the vice president and general manager of the Lake Shore Electric Railway Company, exemplifies in the record of his life that there is always opportunity for the man of parts who can prove himself worthy of responsibilities. He was born in Rensselaer, Indiana, June 15, 1872, a son of W. S. and Caroline Coen. The father is still living at Rensselaer, having retired to that town about fifteen years ago after a life devoted to agriculture. F. W. Coen received his education in the public schools of Rensselaer and after graduating from the high school in 1890 taught in the country for one year. Then he became connected as a clerk with the Columbia National Bank for a short time and then went to Vermilion, Ohio, in the employ of The Erie County Banking Company as bookkeeper, remaining with them for two years and a half. In 1893 he became associated with the Sandusky, Milan & Norwalk Electric Railway Company, being cashier. Next, in 1895, he became assistant secretary of the Lorain & Cleveland Railway, the firm name of which was changed in 1901 to the Lake Shore Electric Railway Company. In January, 1906, he became secretary and treasurer ; in October of the following year was made treasurer and general manager ; and in January, 1908, was made vice president and general manager. This rapid promotion indicates the esteem in which he is held. Although so prominent and influential a member of this concern Mr. Coen is also connected with others of almost equal importance. He is a director in the Sandusky Gas & Electric Company at Sandusky ; is vice president and general manager of the Sandusky, Fremont & Southern Railway Company and of the Lorain Street Railway Company. He was also elected a director in the Electric Depot Company of Cleveland. In 1898 Mr. Coen wedded Miss Marion D. Rae, of Vermilion, Ohio, and unto them have been born three children : Marion, who is nine years of age ; Helen, who is seven ; and Douglas, who is five. The family occupies a fine residence in Lakewood, where a generous hospitality is extended to friends. Politically Mr. Coen has consistently espoused the cause of the republican party, although he has not devoted any time to municipal affairs. He has still the best years of his life before him and, judging from the record of the past, there is every reason that he should anticipate a larger sphere of usefulness that would make possible even more conspicuous advance. ALVA R. DITTRICK. Alva R. Dittrick, who for the past twelve years has successfully conducted business as a dealer in electrical supplies and is also engaged in the repair business at N. 8700 Lorain avenue, is the senior partner of the Dittrick & Jordan Electric Company. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 8th of April, 1872, a son of Roscoe and Fanny Dittrick. The paternal grandfather, Alva Dittrick, a native of St. Catherines, Canada, was actively engaged as a paving con- 554 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND tractor with his two sons Roscoe and Alonzo throughout his entire business career. Alva R. Dittrick attended the public schools until fourteen years of age and then spent one year as a student in the Ohio Business College. Subsequently he worked in various capacities for the old West Side Line Railroad during a period of two years and afterward was employed as a machinist by the Wrought Iron Bridge Company at Canton, Ohio, there remaining for three years. Returning to Cleveland, he again entered the service of the West Side Line Railroad and for four years had charge of the electrical department of the company. After severing his connection therewith he started out in the electric repairing business on his own account at No. 8700 Lorian avenue and in the intervening nine years has built up an extensive and profitable enterprise. The Dittrick & Jordan Electric Company now has representatives in all parts of the United States and the business has grown so rapidly that it has been found necessary to build three additions to the factory. On the 10th of December, 1896, Mr. Dittrick was joined in wedlock to Miss Hattie Nevill. Their union has been blessed with three children, namely : Fanny and Jannette, who are attending the public schools ; and Alva. Since age conferred upon him the right of franchise Mr. Dittrick has given his political allegiance to the republican party, believing that its principles are most conducive to good government. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist and fraternally is identified with the Knights of Pythias. Although his advantages were very few in early life, he has eagerly embraced every opportunity for advancement and his laudable ambition, close application and recognized ability have gained him a place among the substantial and representative business men of his native city. JOHN HARROW SMART. John Harrow Smart was born in Willoughby, Ohio, October 3, 1872. His father, Samuel Welch Smart, a native of London, England, was born January 26, 183o. During his mfancy he was brought by his parents to the United States and, reared in a family resembling the New England type in its simple, democratic tastes and habits of religion, his years unfolded with a security and a simplicity that later ones enriched without disturbing. With the exception of a few years spent in Cleveland, he passed his life in Willoughby, where he was prominently connected, as a merchant and banker and where he died August 20, 1904. He married ‘Apphia Gray Harrow, who was born in Winchester, Kentucky, October 25, 1836, and died in Willoughby, March 4, 1909. To this union, there were born two sons, John and James. The paternal grandfather,. Samuel Smart, was born in Devizes, England, in 1800. He settled in Cleveland in 1830 and established one of the early commercial interests of the city, at the corner of. Superior street and the Public Square. Later, he moved to and became one of the foremost citizens of Willoughby, where he died in 1882. The subject of this sketch entered and graduated from the Willoughby public schools in 1892. In 1895 he graduated from Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, and received the degree of B. S. While at Trinity College he became a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. He studied law at Harvard University, receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1898, since which time he has been engaged in the general practice of law in Cleveland. Mr. Smart is a member of the University Club, the Nisi Prius Club and of the Chamber of Commerce. His religious belief is indicated by his membership in the Protestant Episcopal church and his political faith in his support of the democratic party. In 1908 he received the party nomination for the general assembly of the state but was defeated largely through the influence of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 555 municipal questions which arose at that time to defeat the democratic ticket. During the first nine years of his professional career, Mr. Smart made no alliance with other members of his profession, but early in 1909 he formed a partnership with Francis R. Marvin and C. B. Ford, and is now practicing under the firm name of Smart, Marvin & Ford. GEORGE M. PINKETT. The Cleveland branch of Armour & Company has for the past five years been under the management of George M. Pinkett and in his hands has enjoyed remarkable prosperity. Though of English extraction, he was born in Elyria, Ohio, September 6, 1857, his parents being Samuel and Maria Pinkett. His maternal grandfather, William Morris, was an Englishman who met with success as a wholesale butcher and died in 1903. His paternal grandfather, Walter Pinkett, died in 1869. His father was born in Somersetshire, England, December 1, 1826, and in early life learned the butcher's trade. He came to the United States in 1855 and located in Elyria, Ohio, but in 1863 removed to Franklin, Pennsylvania, where for four years he engaged successfully in the wholesale meat business. He made his way ultimately to Cleveland, where he again engaged in the meat business, which has ever been a popular one in the family, and he died here, August 1, 1880. Leaving school at the age of fourteen years, George M. Pinkett secured a position with James Gibbon & Company, dealers in meats and provisions, and so valuable were his services and so well did he succeed in winning the confidence of his employers that he remained with them from 1874 until 1891, a period of seventeen years, and he finally became secretary and manager of the concern. When, in 1903, Armour & Company bought out the wholesale department Mr. Pinkett became their Cleveland manager. He was also, intrusted with the opening of branch houses at Akron, Canton, Youngstown, Sandusky, Findlay and Lorain, Ohio. His success has been undoubted. Another business association is that of directorship in the Gibbon & Pinkett Company. Miss M. Caloo, of Cleveland, became the wife of Mr. Pinkett, January 1, 1883, and they are the parents of two sons, George, fifteen years old, and Joseph, thirteen years old, both of whom are pupils in the Catholic schools. The Pinkett home is at 1901 East Fortieth street. Mr. Pinkett holds membership in the Elks and the Eagles and gives loyal support to the republican party. By the exercise of intelligent industry and the employment of progressive ideas he has carved for himself a secure niche in the world of affairs, and in his social relations is quite as successful. ERNST KONIGSLOW. Ernst Konigslow, the proprietor of the E. Konigslow Stamping & Tool Works of Cleveland, was born in this city on the 18th of January, 1852, a son of Herman and Charlotte Konigslow. The father, whose birth occurred in Hamburg, Germany, on the 10th of February, 1823, made the voyage to this country in 1849, taking up his abode in Cleveland, Ohio, where he is now living retired. Throughout his active life he was successfully engaged in the machinery business. Ernst Konigslow attended the public schools of his native city until eight years of age and then went to Hamburg, Germany, where he continued his studies until he had attained the age of eighteen. On returning to Cleveland he entered the employ of A. & G. Rettberg, wholesale and retail dealers in fancy goods, 556 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND serving as bookkeeper. At the end of seven years he severed his connection with that concern and started out in business on his own account as a partner of his brother Otto, opening a factory on Prospect avenue for the manufacture of novelty and specialty machinery. In 1890 he sold out his mterest in the enterprise and the following year established the E. Konigslow Stamping & Tool Works at Nos. 323 to 327 Champlain avenue, where he has since conducted a most successful and constantly growing business. Punching dies, forming dies, special machinery, experimental and model work, novelties and patented articles are manufactured by contract,, and the company also does electroplating in nickel, copper, brass and bronze. In his political views Mr. Konigslow is independent, while fraternally he is identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He resides at No. 5901 Detroit avenue. With the exception of the period of ten years which he spent in Germany, he has always made his home in this city and therefore has a very wide and favorable acquaintance here. His entire business career has been marked by steady advancement and in industrial circles he has maintained an unassailable reputation for business integrity as well as enterprise. HARRIS GRAY SHERMAN, M. D. Dr. Harris Gray Sherman, who in his practice specializes in the treatment of diseases of the eye and ear, was born in Garrettsville, Portage county, Ohio, June 6, 1856. His father, Dr. A. M. Sherman, a native of Massachusetts, arrived in Ohio in 1832, making the journey westward with his parents, who settled in Portage county. His preparation for a professional career was completed by his graduation from the medical department of the Western Reserve University in the class of 1851, and he then located for practice in Kent, Ohio, where he remained for forty-five years. He is now living retired and resides in Pasadena, California, where he is president of the Ohio Society of that place. Although now in his eighty-fourth year he still possesses wonderful physical and mental vigor and perfect health. He was for many years very active in both professional and church circles of this state and was a stanch advocate of progress and improvement. He served as president of the Alumni Association of the Western Reserve Medical College, was president of the Northeast Ohio Medical Society and three times was president of the Ohio State Universalists Association. His father was Captain Harris Sherman, and the more remote ancestral history shows Dr. Sherman to be a direct descendant of Captain John Sherman, who arrived at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1630, from Dedham, England. He is a member of the Sons of The American Revolution. Dr. A. M. Sherman wedded Harriet Adelia Gray, who was born in Ohio of Scotch parentage and died in 1904 at the age of sixty-seven years. Dr. Harris Gray Sherman, an only child, spent his boyhood in Kent and was graduated from the public schools there at the age of seventeen years. He afterward entered Buchtel College, where he continued until the close of the junior year, after which he devoted one year to an elective course in the University of Michigan. On the expiration of that period he took up the study of medicine in the office of Doctors Scott, Bennett and Everett. and subsequently matriculated in the College of Physicians and Surgeons of New York, the medical department of Columbia University, from which he received his degree in 1880. He then spent two years in London, Berlin, Vienna and Paris, and upon his return after pursuing his researches and studies under some of the eminent authorities of the old world he entered upon active practice in Cleveland, in July, 1882. He has confined his attention to diseases of the eye and ear and in his specialty has won much more than local note, his fellow mem- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 559 bers of the profession as well as the laity attesting to the high skill which he displays in this field of practice. Dr. Sherman was honored with the presidency of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine in 1903, and since 1906 has served continuously as president of the Cleveland Medical Library Association. For the past two years he has been the president of the Ohio State Alumni Association of Columbia University and has been chairman of the public health and sanitation committee of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce for the past five years. He likewise belongs to the American Medical Association, the American Ophthalmological Association, the American Academy of Opthalmology, Otology and Laryngology, the Ohio State Medical Society, and various other medical and scientific organizations. On the 14th of June, 1882, Dr. Sherman was married to Miss Jennie Bates, a daughter of James Bates, of Boston, Massachusetts, and their family numbers five sons and a daughter. They maintain a summer borne at Painesville, Ohio, with an attractive winter residence in Cleveland. Dr. Sherman was elected president of the Western Reserve Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution on the 22d of February, 1910. He also belongs to the Delta Tau Delta and is a Scottish Rite Mason. He holds membership with the Union and various other clubs, gives his political allegiance to the republican party and is an Unitarian in his religious faith. Never neglectful of those interests which constitute vital forces in modern life, a champion of the church, school, club and other organizations, he nevertheless regards the practice of medicine as his real life work, and his conscientious performance of duty in his chosen field, combined with comprehensive knowledge of scientific principles, has made him one of the leading specialists of Cleveland. ISRAEL J. LEHMAN. Israel J. Lehman is senior partner of the firm of Lehman & Schmitt, architects of Cleveland, whose skill and ability in professional lines have been widely sought, leading them into active connection with building interests in various parts of the country. Owing to his wide and favorable acquaintance the life history of Israel J. Lehman cannot fail to prove of interest to many readers of this volume. He was born in St. Joseph, Missouri, October 29, 1859, being the second oldest child in the family, and as the name indicates, came of German lineage. His father, Joseph Lehman, a native of Bavaria, Germany, arrived in America in 1841, settling in New York city, and after several changes, during which time he spent a few years in California subsequent to the discovery of gold on the Pacific coast, he removed to Cleveland in 1862 and here resided up to the time of his death, being engaged in the dry-goods business until his retirement from commercial lines. He married Hannah Schwarz, also a native of Germany, who arrived in America some years prior to her marriage. Her death occurred in 1869, the father surviving until November, 1883, when he passed away at the age of sixty-two years. Coming to this city when in his third year, Israel J. Lehman is indebted to the public-school system for the educational opportunities' which he enjoyed. He was also tinder the instruction of private tutors in drawing, and after leaving school entered an architect's office at the age of fourteen years, serving an apprenticeship of three years. Later he was employed in other offices for a number of years and in 1880 occupied a position in the county courthouse as draftsman employed in making the decennial maps, at the same time continuing his architectural studies. From 188o until 1884 he was employed as draftsman in the office of George H. Smith and during that period was a coworker there with his present partner, Theodore Schmitt. They entered into partnership relations in July, 1884, and the connection has since been maintained, 560 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND covering now a quarter of a century. With two exceptions this is the oldest firm of architects in Cleveland. In the opening years of their business their work was principally in the designs for residences but in later years their attention has been confined almost exclusively to public and commercial buildings. Their first contract for a public building was awarded them in 1886, when they made the plans for the Scovill Avenue Temple and in 1887 they were architects for the City Hospital. Among the more important buildings they have designed are : the Central Police Station, erected in 1893; Sheriff Street Market, in 189o; Cleveland Driving Park, 1894; Central Armory, 1894; the West Side Police Station on Detroit street in 1888 ; the Temple at Willson avenue and Central street in 1893; the Cuyahoga county courthouse in 1902 ; the Weideman Company building; the Joseph & Feiss Company building; and several other prominent structures. They have also made the designs for many fine structures in other cities, including the courthouse in Lexington county in 1898; the Children's Home in Lorain county, Ohio ; the courthouse in Towanda, Pennsylvania; the Central Police Station at Sandusky, Ohio; two hotels in Lima, Ohio; the Alsace Hotel and the Baptist church in Franklin, Pennsylvania. They are now engaged in the erection of the courthouse at Peru, Indiana, and the county courthouse in Cleveland. They are also building the Euclid Avenue Temple and have recently completed the Excelsior Club and The Bailey Company's buildings. In the process of time with the development and growth of the city they have torn down residences they had built years ago to replace them with substantial modern business blocks. In the spring of 1899 Mr. Lehman spent four months in Mexico making drawings for public schools. At all times interested in matters pertaining to his profession, Mr. Lehman has been a member of the local chapter of the American Institute of Architects and the Cleveland Architectural Club, but resigned. He is now a member of the Cleveland City Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith ; the Excelsior Club; and the Chamber of Commerce. He belongs likewise to Willson Avenue Temple, of which he has been a trustee for fifteen years, being chairman of the Temple committee, which has charge of the building. On the 27th of May, 1885, in Cleveland, Mr. Lehman wedded Miss Nannie Scheuer, a daughter of Joseph Scheuer, of Cleveland, and their four children are : Joseph, Irene and Nina, twins, and Edgar. The family residence, completed in the fall of 1908, is at No. 1657 East One Hundred and Fifteenth street. ALVIN A. PIFER. For the past fourteen years the abilities of Alvin A. Pifer have found congenial scope as vice president and manager of the Cleveland Armature Works.: His parents were Christopher and Gertrude Pifer and his birth occurred in the western part of Pennsylvania, January 14, 1868. His father was born in Bavaria, Germany, and on coming to America settled in Pennsylvania, where he engaged in shoe manufacturing and farming until his death in 1897. After attending the common schools until his fifteenth year Alvin A. Pifer entered the Mount Union College of Pennsylvania, where he took a two years' course in the commercial department. This was followed by a year's experience as a school teacher in Clarion county, Pennsylvania, after which he came to Cleveland and was employed for a year as deliverer and clerk for Bradford & Company. For the next six years he filled the position of armature winder for the Brush Electric Company and spent another year in the same capacity with the Elliott-Crawford Company, later Elliott & Lincoln. In a short time he found himself in the higher capacity of manager with the Theodore Volman City Repairing Company. When this firm consolidated with the W. H. Elliott Electric Company in 1894, he was made treasurer, and upon its reconsolidation HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 561 in 1896 with James L. Mauldin, when it became the Cleveland Armature Works, he was elected vice president and manager. Mr. Pifer was married September 24, 1891, to Miss Maggie N. Rennison, and five children have been born to them. Lee and Jay, who would be ten and six years old respectively, are deceased. Evelyn, twelve years old, and Marguerite, eight, are public-school pupils, and Harold is a lad of four. The family home is located at 10727 Grantwood avenue. Mr. Pifer is a protestant in religious faith and a democrat in politics. The remarkable prosperity of the Cleveland Armature Works can not but reflect satisfactorily upon his capabilities, and he commands the esteem of those who know him best. FRANCIS J. PECK. The subject of this sketch, Francis J. Peck, was born in West Farmington, Trumbull county, Ohio, September 7, 1866, where he resided until five years of age, when his family moved to Cleveland, Ohio. His grandparents were among the very early settlers of the Western Reserve, having come from Connecticut in the year 1819 and locating on a large farm near where West Farmington is now located. His father, Dr. Allen Francis Peck, was born February 7, 1828, on the farm originally located by his father and at the age of seventeen left home, going to New Mexico, and in the year 1846 enlisted in the First Cavalry of New Mexico under Colonel "Kit" Carson the famous Indian scout, under whom he served for two years. Returning to the east, he took up the study of medicine and surgery, graduating from the College of New York Physicians and Surgeons in the year 1854 as assistant surgeon. He practiced one year in Bellevue Hospital and then returned to his old home, where he practiced his profession until the time of the Civil war, when he again enlisted under his old commander Colonel Christopher Carson as surgeon, serving four years, being honorably discharged at the end of that time with the title of major. Returning to his native town, Dr. Peck was married in the year 1865 to Cordelia A. Fuller, also native of West Farmington, Ohio, whose parents had also come from Connecticut in the year 1825. In the year 1869, the family which now consisted of Dr. and Mrs. A. F. Peck, Francis J. and Corrine M. came to Cleveland, Ohio, where the Doctor practiced his profession until the time of his death, February 27, 1878. Immediately after the death of the father, the mother and her two children moved to Warren, Ohio, where the children secured their high-school education. After completing his schooling at Warren; Ohio, Francis J. Peck attended school at Hudson, Ohio, and completed his education at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, graduating in the years 1891 and 1892 with the degrees of B. S. in chemistry and E. M. in mining engineering. Immediately after his graduations, he secured a position as mining engineer and chemist with the Mansfield Iron Mining Company, at Crystal Falls, Michigan, which position he held for one year. Being offered a good position in Chicago with Commercial Mining Engineers and Chemists, he took a position in that city, remaining there for about one year, and then took charge of a branch office for the same firm in Cleveland, Ohio, and for the next three years was in the employ of the leading commercial laboratories in this city. In 1897 he was appointed city, chemist of Cleveland, which position he held for two years, at which time he went into business for himself. Mr. Peck is manager of the firm of Francis J. Peck & Company, with offices and laboratories at 731-735 Williamson building, Cleveland, Ohio, with branch offices in Chicago and Pittsburg. This firm numbers among its patrons 562 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND firms and moneyed interests in this country, Canada and Mexico and is among the leading firms in their line of work, mining engineering, chemistry, assaying, inspectors of iron, steel and cement. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Lodge, No. 18, B. P. 0. E., Commercial Travelers' Association, American Institute of Mining Engineers, The Canadian Mining Institute and the American Chemical Society. On November 20, 1891, he married Caroline M. Cramer, of Elyria, and on December 5, 1894, was born to them a daughter, Helen Dorothy Peck. His mother, Mrs. Cordelia A. Peck, and his sister, Mrs. Dr. Franklin H. Clark, both reside in Cleveland. EDWARD ALEXANDER SCOVILL. Research into the early history of Cleveland shows that the Scovill family was established here when the city was just merging from villagehood, and the birth of Colonel Edward A. Scovill here occurred December 22, 1819. He was a son of Philo and Jemima Scovill, who were closely identified with early events that left their impress upon Cleveland's pioneer history and their personal worth commended them to the friendship and regard of those with whom they came in contact. Colonel Scovill, with the exception of two or three unimportant intervals, remained a resident of Cleveland throughout his entire life and early gave evidences of the tastes and traits of character which made him in manhood a general favorite in a broad circle of friends and acquaintances. He always held friendship inviolable and was equally loyal as a citizen and patriot. In manner he was genial, frank and manly and in every relation of life was ever trustworthy. When Cleveland was still "a town" with a volunteer fire department, he belonged to the Phoenix Fire Engine Company which was a coveted privilege as it was the popular company of the city. He was also one of the first members of the Cleveland Grays, which has ever remained the leading military organization here, and he was one of the sixteen men of that body who, in 1839, were detailed as an artillery squad. With the company he was present at the memorable celebration at Fort Meigs in 1840, where the organization attracted great and merited attention. The gun squad finally developed into the widely known Cleveland Light Battery, which in 1861 was the nucleus of the First Regiment of Ohio Light Artillery and which constituted the training school of many distinguished artillery officers. The Grays and the Cleveland Battery have maintained from the first the character of citizen soldiers of model type. Said one who knew Colonel Scovill well : "I remember him distinctly— a young man of fine, open face, sturdy yet graceful figure and manly carriage." When the south attempted to overthrow the Union, refusing longer to acknowledge Federal authority, Mr. Scovill promptly offered his service to Governor Denison in any capacity which might be useful, and he was placed upon the staff in charge of ordnance matters. The position proved a responsible one and during the earlier months of the war he was busily occupied in obtaining and distributing ordnance material to the Ohio regiments so rapidly formed. The incumbent duties took him to camps over the state and into West Virginia and Kentucky where the emergencies of the times frequently required troops to be sent but indifferently equipped. Thus employed, he was one of a quiet but effi cient body of workers serving under Governor Denison, whose ability and zeal constituted an important aid in enabling Ohio's chief executive to deserve the repute that came and holds to his name. The memorial which was prepared by the Loyal Legion of the United States after the death of Colonel Scovill gives the following account of his military experiences during the Civil war : "In December, 1861, Mr. Scovill recruited HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 565 Company B of the Hoffman Battalion, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and January 3, 1862, he was commissioned its captain. This battalion was stationed on Johnson's Island, in Sandusky bay, as guard to the large and important depot of prisoners of war established there. By the subsequent addition of other companies the battalion became the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, of which Captain Scovill was commissioned major, August 25, 1863, and lieutenant colonel, August 6, 1864. "Though not in command of the post at Johnson's Island, the immediate responsibility for the Confederate prisoners held there devolved largely upon Colonel Scovill. These prisoners, mostly officers, sent there from the supposed security of the position, varied in number from two to three thousand, fifteen thousand in all having been safely guarded during the continuance of the post. There was a constant element of anxiety and danger connected with the care of so large a body of men of rank and energy, restless under restraint, and anxious to strike some telling blow for the Confederacy. The memorable conspiracy of September, 1864, will be readily recalled, when a body of southerners, coming through Canada, seized two Lake Erie steamers, designing by them to overcome, through prearranged treachery, the United States steamer Michigan, stationed near the island as part of its protection, and to liberate the prisoners, some of whom were in collusion and ready to participate in the attempt. The lake cities were then to be put to ransom or destroyed, and the state to be raided, thus making a powerful diversion from the activities of the front. At a late moment the commander of the Michigan became suspicious that mischief was brewing and by his preparations thwarted the design on steamer and post. "The responsible and delicate duties connected with his position were cared for by Colonel Scovill with satisfaction to his superiors and acceptably to the prisoners of war who were the enforced recipients of his ministrations. This must be considered a high compliment to his character, tact and abihties. He made many friends among the southern soldiers, and kept up a most pleasant acquaintance to the end of his life with not a few of them, through correspondence and mutual visits. "The varying necessities of the war called him more or less frequently from this post, with portions of his command. Thus, in the spring of 1863, he was sent, with two companies of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth, to West Virginia, and there served under General Mulligan, of Lexington (Missouri) fame, who was killed near Winchester the next year. During this detail Captain Scovill was in command, together with the companies of his own regiment, of a battery of artillery, a company of regular infantry, three other companies of infantry, and a company of mounted infantry. On another occasion he had charge of an expedition to Vicksburg, in which he transported and exchanged one thousand nine hundred prisoners of war." After four years of active service in state and national employ, Colonel Scovill was mustered out April 20, 1865. He then devoted a few years to active business but for ten or twelve years prior to his death lived retired except inasmuch as he was connected with the management of the large estate of which he was one of the heirs. In his youthful days he was interested in the woods, fields and streams, was a master with the rod and the gun and a friend and critical observer of wild beasts, birds and fish. In his later years he found pleasure in his membership in the Winans Point Shooting Club, in Sandusky bay, the Castalia Trout Fishing Club, on Cold Creek, near Sandusky ; and the Salmon River Club, in Oswego county, New York. These are all select and noted organizations, membership in which is an honor highly prized and not easily obtained. Colonel Scovill ranked high in those clubs as a comrade, naturalist and sportsman. When at home he was frequently seen at the evening gatherings at the Ark, an institution known to all the old residents of Cleveland. Way back in 1840 the friends of William and Leonard Case would gather at evening 566 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND in the discarded office buildmg of their father which by reason of its cabinets and collections of natural history came to be known as the "Ark." In the course of, years the old office was torn down and Leonard Case, surviving his father and brother, prepared a handsome suite of rooms in the then new Case library building and gave the use of it, rent free, to these friends as long as any of them should survive. These "Arkites" were a notable body of men of whom Mr. Scovill was an original member. He belonged also to the commandery of the Loyal Legion and regularly attended its annual meetings. He was a member of Memorial Grand Army Post of Cleveland and to the Society of the Army of the Cumberland. His deep interest in his old soldier comrades never abated and he was known frequently to assist those to whom misfortune or an untoward fate had brought hardships. In early manhood Colonel Scovill wedded Miss Catherine Sholl, a lady of most attractive characteristics and social qualities who presided in generous and gracious hospitality over their home, making it a place of unchangeable welcome to the old friends and those of a later generation. Her death, which occurred m 1886, was the greatest blow that ever came to Colonel Scovill. Their two sons, Edward Tracy and William Sholl Scovill, are both residents of Cleveland. Colonel Scovill survived his wife about four years, his death occurring April 20, 189o. There thus passed away from the scene of earthly activities one whose connection with Cleveland covered more than seventy years, during which period he witnessed the city's transformation from a village to a town and then to a metropolitan center. All through the years he had maintained a close acquaintance with its leading citizens and by all was honored and respected, while few men have been more generally or sincerely mourned. FRANK M. DREW. One of the popular theaters of Cleveland is the Star, which is under the management of Frank M. Drew, well known throughout the country as the proprietor of first-class playhouses. His father, Frank N. Drew, was an actor of prominence and the brother of John Drew, of national fame. He died in Philadelphia at the age of seventy-three years. His mother, Mrs. Louisa M. Drew, also died in Philadelphia. Frank M. Drew was born in New York city, June 30, 1852. He qualified for the practical duties of life in the public schools of Philadelphia and later in the military academy at Village Green, near Chester, Delaware county, Pennsylvania. When he left school he decided to become an actor and for two years he followed that profession in New York city. He then went into the circus business, with which he was connected for the next sixteen years, in the summer with Mr. Barnum and in the winter with various theatrical companies. He next conducted museums in. Providence, Columbus, Cleveland and Indianapolis, at the same time surveying the theatrical field for an opportunity to enter it as a manager. From 1882 he dates his active connection with Cleveland. In 1883 he built the Cleveland Theater and later became associated with Mr. Campbell, to whom he sold an interest in the Star Theater. These two men have been prominent in conducting playhouses throughout the country, having high priced attractions in many of the larger cities. The Colonial Theater, which they lease in Cleveland, they have now sublet to Ray. F. Comstock. Mr. Drew has made a success of his undertakings, gaining from his business a handsome income, and through a discriminating study of public tastes and adherence to lofty principles has done his share in advancing the best interests of the stage in Cleveland. In 1885 Mr. Drew wedded Miss Blanche C. Collard, of Wyandotte, Michigan, and they have six children. Will N., the oldest, is engaged in the theatrical HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 567 business in New York. George resides in this city. Frank is the manager of the Avenue Theater of Detroit, operated by his father's company. Emma B. is in Girard, Pennsylvania, with her mother. Robert W. and Arthur C. are also in that city attending school. There Mr. Drew has a fine country home, said to be one of the handsomest between Cleveland and Buffalo. Fraternally he is connected with the Elks and is prominent in several of the Masonic bodies. He is a member of Cleveland City chapter, has taken the thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite and has been admitted to membership in Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. His genial personality and social graces make him popular among his fraternal brethren, while the interest he has evinced in the welfare of Cleveland has secured him the support of its citizens. He spent over one hundred thousand dollars recently in improvements upon the Star Theater, which is now one of the most attractive and best equipped of any of its size in the country. X. X. CRUM. X. X. Crum, a prosperous real-estate dealer of Cleveland and a man of substance, comes from a family famous in southern Illinois for its intellectual and capable sons and brilliant daughters. Jacob Crum, the grandfather, bought large tracts of land in Indiana, near Vincennes, in the early days of that state, which grew rapidly in value. His large family of energetic sons, following his example, bought largely of land in central and southern Illinois. Joseph Crum, father of X. X. Crum, became a large landowner of Macoupin county. He married Miss Sarah Dew. Owing to his wealth and prominence, Joseph Crum exerted a strong influence over his neighbors and directed it toward securing good educational advantages for the young. His own sons and daughters he educated highly at colleges ; one became a banker, another a minister and another a physician. Joseph Crum died in 1895, after a long and upright life of usefulness and many charities. X. X. Crum, the subject of this sketch and son of Joseph Crum, was born on a farm in Macoupin county, Illinois. After a course in the public schools, he attended Lombard University and later Blackburn University, where he took his degree of A. B. when twenty-one years of age. At that time he was honored by the appointment as superintendent of schools in Carlinville, Illinois, his home city, and continued in the position for five years. He resigned to become a teacher of the sciences in the schools of Keokuk, Iowa. A year later, when but twenty-six years of age, he was offered the superintendency of the schools of Lincoln, Nebraska, but decided to enter on a business career. In 1881 Mr. Crum came to Cleveland and became secretary and treasurer of the Board of Trade, later known as the Chamber of Commerce. While thus serving, Mr. Crum wrote a history of the Chamber of Commerce and of the commercial life of Cleveland, which was favorably received and stands as an authentic record. In order to organize the National Safe & Lock Company, Mr. Crum resigned his position with the Chamber of Commerce. Later he had charge of the safe deposit department of the MacNeale & Urban Company of Cincinnati. After four years he returned to Cleveland and entered the real-estate business and is now one of the largest operators in the city, handling principally city blocks. In 1883 Mr. Crum was married to Miss Marcia Phelps, daughter of Captain Alfred Phelps of the United States navy. Miss Phelps was a direct descendant of the historic Ledyard and Phelps families, who were prominent socially in the early days of this country and who served in the Colonial and Revolutionary wars. Her father commanded different gunboats on the Mississippi during the Civil war, and at its close he, with his brother, Captain Seth Ledyard Phelps, (afterward minister to Peru under President Arthur) opened the Pacific Mail 568 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Steamship Service between the United States and Japan. He died in Kobi, Japan, in 1869, while still in charge of the affairs of that company. Mr. and Mrs. Crum have two sons : Alf red Phelps, a graduate of Harvard, class of 1906, and Harvard Law School, 1909; and Rolfe Pomeroy, who is now in his junior year at Western Reserve University. The family residence is on Euclid Heights: Mr. Crum is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and of other clubs. There are few men whose early life was spent in educational fields who have made such a success of business as has Mr. Crum. He is a highly educated, polished gentleman, who is always interested in the development of the city which has been the scene of many of his business ventures. The influence of such a man is very powerful and when exerted, as it is, in favor of law and progress, the resulting effects are very beneficial. JOHN C. WILLIAMS. There is no single agency which has done so much for the development of the country and the promotion of all the varied interests which contribute to general progress and improvement as the building of railroads and with this work John C. Williams, of Cleveland, was for many years closely associated, being recognized as one of the leading railroad construction engineers in the country. He was also the president of the Forest City Steel & Iron Company, in which connection his efforts were of material value to the city of his residence as he stood at the head of one of the most important productive industries here. At the time of his death he had been a resident of Cleveland for forty-eight years and during that period had been a cooperant factor in some of the largest railroad construction enterprises in Ohio. Mr. Williams was a native of Maryland, his birth having occurred in Hagerstown on the 3d of June, 1830. There were no unusual experiences in his boyhood and youth and his business career was that of a gradual evolution and development which resulted from his expanding powers and brought him into most important business relations. His first active railroad work was on the first survey of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad west from Cumberland, Maryland. He was also instrumental in securing the right of way for the first telegraph line between Washington and Baltimore. He first took up his abode in Cleveland in 1851, when he became chief engineer of the Cleveland & Mahoning Railway, later a part of the Erie system. In the meantime he had established a substantial reputation as a construction engineer and railroad builder, and his services in that connection were, therefore, in demand in various parts of the country. Later he removed to Wisconsin but returned to Cleveland in 1861 and reengaged in railroad work. He soon afterward became chief engineer of the Cleveland & Toledo, now a part of the Lake Shore Railway system and was successively chief engineer of that line from Union, Pennsylvania, to Titusville, Pennsylvania, the Ashtabula branch of the Lake Shore and of the Mahoning road. In 1874 he was in charge of the construction of the stone work of the Superior Avenue viaduct and in 188o he became chief engineer of the Chicago & Atlantic Railroad Company, afterward winning promotion to the general superintendency. With other important construction works Mr. Williams was closely associated and the nature of his labors was such as to gain him prominence it his chosen field. He built the first iron draw bridge across the Cuyahoga on the site of the present Lake Shore bridge near the mouth of the river. He was at one time also general superintendent of the old Mad River Railroad. which became known as the Ohio, Sandusky & Cleveland. He also took an active part in numerous other railroad enterprises, continuing in close connection with the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 571 construction of important railway lines until his retirement from business about 1900. Mr. Williams was married in 1859 to Miss Sophia M. Lockwood, and they became the parents of five children but only two daughters are now living: Mrs. C. B. Ellinwood and Miss Sara D. Williams. The others were : John S. Williams, formerly general manager of the Forest City Steel & Iron Company; Mrs. J. C. White; and Miss Sophia L. Williams. Mr. Williams was devoted to the welfare of his family and rejoiced in his success because it afforded him the opportunity of giving to his loved ones all those things which contribute so much to the comfort and pleasure of life. The family residence was at No. 4005 Franklin avenue, Northwest, and there he passed away on the 7th of February, 1909, his death resulting indirectly from a fall which he had sustained the previous September. He was at that time in his seventy-ninth year. His life had been one of great usefulness and activity characterized by all that is honorable and straightforward in business affairs and in private life by the characteristics of substantial manhood. At time of his death he was a member of decennial board of appraisers. WILLIAM S. KERRUISH. Cleveland has no more prominent representative of the legal profession than William S. Kerruish, being regarded as one of the leading trial lawyers of the city. He is also a close student of the great economical questions which are before the country today and is an excellent speaker who, when occasion demands, presents his views in a most clear and concise manner. Ohio numbers him among her native sons, his birth having occurred in Warrensville, Cuyahoga county, October 30, 1831, his parents being William and Jane (Kelley) Kerruish, both natives of the Isle of Man. On coming to this country in 1827, they located in Warrensville, Ohio, where the father followed farming, making that occupation his life work. His death occurred in 1863. There were only two children in the family, our subject's sister being Miss Jane Kane, who died some years ago. William S. Kerruish spent the days of his boyhood and youth under the parental roof and began his education in the public schools of Warrensville. Later he attended the Twinsburg Institute, and in 1852 joined the sophomore class in the Western Reserve College, where he was a student for two years. At the expiration of that time he entered the senior class at Yale and was graduated therefrom in 1855. He has always been a great student of languages. Gaelic was his mother tongue from earliest infancy. He is familiar with German and is second to none in exact knowledge and mastery of Latin, which he has made in lifelong study. The year following his graduation from Yale he taught languages in Twinsburg Institute and in 1857 commenced the study of law in the office of Ranney, Backus & Noble, being admitted to the bar the following year by examination before the supreme court at Columbus, Ohio. On taking up the practice of his chosen profession Mr. Kerruish located in Cleveland, where he has since made his home. For some time he was alone in practice and then became a member of the firm of Hayes & Kerruish. When this partnership was dissolved he was again alone but subsequently became a member of the firm of Kerruish & Heisley, and later was in partnership with George I. Chapman as a member of the firm of Kerruish & Chapman. Subsequently his son, S. Q. Kerruish, joined them and upon the death of Mr. Chapman in 1906 the firm name was changed to Kerruish & Kerruish, which it remains today. In early life Mr. Kerruish took quite an active part in political affairs but is now independent in politics, although he leans toward the republican party. 572 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND He stands as a strong representative of the profession which has close bearing upon the stable progress and prosperity of every community in conserving the rights and privileges of the individual. His law practice became so extensive he found no opportunity to engage in public affairs, and although now seventy-eight years of age, he is still engaged in active practice and is a recognized leader among the trial lawyers in Cleveland, having in his time tried more cases than most men in his profession. He has won considerable fame in the trial of murder cases and his ability as a speaker both in the courtroom and at social gatherings is widely recognized. He is frequently called upon to address the public on some momentous question and is always listened to with attention and interest, for his views are the correct and carefully presented epitome of the points under consideration. He has been especially interested in economical questions and few men are more thoroughly informed concerning such. Moreover, his ideas are practical and in their embodiment lies the solution of various important questions. His efforts have been very effective in lines of activity promoting public progress or advancing the interests of benevolent organizations. But it is to the law that he devotes his attention principally and his progress at the bar is due to his untiring efforts and energy. In 1859 Mr. Kerruish was united in marriage to Miss Margaret Quayle, a native of the Isle of Man, who came to this country when a young girl. Ten children were born of this union, six of whom are still living, namely : Sheldon Q., who is in partnership with his father ; Maud Isabelle, at home; Lizzie, now Mrs. M. S. Towson ; Grace Antoinette, now Mrs. E. S. Whitney ; Miriam G., now Mrs. C. W. Stage ; and Helen Constance, at home. There are also eight grandchildren and the family is one of prominence in the city where they reside. Religiously they are connected with St. Paul's Episcopal church. WILLIAM ORRVILLE OSBORN, M. D. Dr. William Orrville Osborn deserves recognition and representation in the history of the medical fraternity of Cleveland. Thorough study, research and investigation have well qualified him for his chosen field of labor, and that his abilities are well directed is indicated in the liberal practice accorded him. His record is in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, for Dr. Osborn is a native son of Cleveland, where he is now successfully practicing, his birth having here occurred September 3, 1867. His father, James M. Osborn, was a native of the state of New York and in the early '5os went to Akron, Ohio, while a few years later he came to Cleveland. He first engaged in the manufacture of stoves but later turned his attention to the jobbing business in sheet iron, tin plate and tinners', furnace men's and builders' supplies. He was the senior member of the J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company, established about 1893, but lived retired for about ten years previous to his death in May, 1909. He married Huldah A. Wheeler, who was born in East Cleveland and survives him. The public schools of this city afforded Dr. Osborn his early educational privileges and in Adelbert College he won the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1890. He afterward entered the Cleveland Medical College, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in 1895 and in 1898 he won the same degree on his graduation from the medical department of the Western Reserve University. He served in the Huron Street Hospital" for two years, from 1894 until 1896, and spent sixteen months, beginning in, 1896 in the City Hospital. Thus with broad general practice as an excellent equipment for future work, he entered upon the private practice of general medicine in June, 1898, and has continuously and successfully followed his profession here. He was instructor in physical diagnosis at the College of Physicians & Surgeons and was affiliated with the Wooster HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 573 University for one year, after which he resigned the position to become assistant in medicine at the Charity Hospital medical dispensary, which office he still holds. For the past eight years he has been surgeon for the American Steel & Wire Company at one of its Lake Shore mills and has done other emergency surgical work during that period. During the year 1908 he spent several months with the clinics of Berlin and Vienna, investigating the methods of practice of some of the most renowned physicians and surgeons of the old world. He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. In June, 1905, Dr. Osborn was married to Miss Ethelwynne Walton, a daughter of J. W. Walton, of the Upson-Walton Company. They have two children, Margaret and James Walton, Dr. Osborn was for many years a member of the Singers Club but has recently withdrawn from active association with that organization. He belongs to the First Baptist church and is identified with the Chamber of Commerce, the University Club and two college fraternities—the Delta Upsilon and the Nu Sigma Nu. His manner is jovial, courteous and kindly, and these qualities render him a congenial companion. He is devoted to his profession and is an earnest, consistent worker, thorough and painstaking in the smallest details of his professional duties. His family holds first place in his interests and affection and with them he spends all of his leisure time. BRUCE L. DAVIDSON. The reward that comes of faithful, conscientious work and earnest effort is worth striving for especially when it takes the form of that accorded Bruce L. Davidson, now chief inspector of new buildings for the board of education of Cleveland. From boyhood he has worked steadily toward a specific goal and has centered his efforts upon reaching it. Not ashamed to begin at the bottom, he has worked up and now holds one of the most responsible positions within the jurisdiction of the board. Mr. Davidson was born in Madison county, Ohio, June 19, 1868, and is a son of John Smith and Mary Jane (Lotspeich) Davidson and the grandson of the founder of the family in Ohio. The latter came from Rockbridge county, Virginia, to Ohio in 1808 and was descended from Scotch-Irish ancestry. John Smith Davidson was born in Ohio in 1828. Early in life he engaged in farming but later embarked in mercantile business, finally retiring from active labor and dying in January, 1905, at London, Madison county, Ohio. His widow, who was born August 9, 1839, survives him and makes her home on the old farm. All his life John S. Davidson commanded the confidence of his associates for he was an upright man who strove to do his duty as he saw it and his success was well merited. After completing a common-school course Bruce L. Davidson began learning the carpenter's trade, at which he found employment for five years in his home town, but he was not satisfied with his progress. Wishing to advance more rapidly, he decided to learn another branch of the building trade and in 1891 entered an architect's office as an apprentice and was with him for? four years, when he felt justified in starting in business for himself. For the following three years he continued alone, but in 1898 came to Cleveland, where he was employed by various firms until in 1900 his work attracted the attention of the board of education. As it was deemed worthy of consideration, contract's were awarded him and finally he was promoted from draughtsman to his present position of chief inspector of new buildings in January, 19̊7. During his incumbency of the office a large amount of very important work has been carried to completion and he has much on hand at present. 574 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND On November 27, 1895, Mr. Davidson married Louise McAllister, a native of Ohio. Two children have been born to them, as follows : Harold McAllister, November 4, 1896; and Dorothy Louise, October 20, 1905. Mr. Davidson is a Mason, belonging to Thatcher Chapter, R. A. M., and also to the Knights of Pythias. His religious affiliations are with the Methodist church. Politically he is a republican although he does not take an active part in public affairs, his business occupying his attention. As an architect Mr. Davidson has attained distinction and as he understands not only that part of the work but is also a practical builder, he is peculiarly well fitted for his present position. The board of education has demonstrated the ability of its members to choose efficient men to represent the interests of the people in appointing Bruce L. Davidson to look after the school buildings erected for the children of Cleveland. EMMET J. STRONG. Emmet J. Strong, vice president of the J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company, is a man of marked personality and executive ability, who has contributed largely toward the success of the concern with which he is connected. He was born in Huntsburg, Ohio, January 31, 1862, a son of Lyman and Lydia (Curtis) Strong and a grandson of Noble Strong. He comes on both the paternal and maternal sides of a long line of New England ancestry and is a representative of two of Ohio's early pioneer families. His grandfather, Noble Strong, was born in Hawley, Massachusetts, where he engaged in agricultural pursuits until his removal to Ohio. He was one of the very early settlers of the Western Reserve, taking up his abode at Mesopotamia, Ohio. On the journey westward in 1812 he stopped at Cleveland, which at that time was a very small village, containing only a few houses situated on the lake shore, while all around was the unbroken wilderness, and the most farsighted did not dream that the seeds of civilization were to be scattered broadcast over the land even to the Pacific coast. His last days were spent in Huntsburg, where he died in 1858. His son, Lyman Strong, was born in Mesopotamia, Ohio, in November, 1827, and he, too, was an agriculturist but is now living retired with his son, Emmet J. Strong. He married Lydia Curtis, a daughter of Willard and Betsey (Moffat) Curtis, the former coming to Ohio from the state of New York about 1815. Emmet J. Strong attended the public schools in his youthful days and afterward became a pupil in the Grand River Institute at Austinburg, Ohio, where he continued his education for four years. He then worked on his father's farm until 1893, but other pursuits proved more attractive to him than the work of the fields and in that year he went to Niles, Ohio, where he became one of the organizers and proprietors of the Curtis Steel Roofing Company, starting in the capacity of superintendent and remaining with that house until 1901. Mr. Strong then removed to Zanesville, Ohio, where he aided in organizing the Muskingum Valley Sheet & Steel Company, acting as its treasurer for one year, after which his interests led him to Cleveland and he was elected vice president of the J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company, with which he has since been connected, becoming a very important factor in its management. On the 6th of January, I893, Mr. Strong was married in Claridon, Ohio, to Miss Lenora Goodwin and they have two children, Lester and Stewart, aged respectively fourteen and seven years, and both are attending school. The family are pleasantly located in an attractive home at No. 1642 East Ninety-third street. Mrs. Strong is a daughter of Clinton. and Lucy (Taylor) Goodwin, the latter a daughter of Judge Lester Taylor, who was president of the senate when the present statehouse was dedicated and served for several terms in the Ohio legislature. He lived to the remarkable old age of one hundred and two years. The Taylor family were from Connecticut and were among the earliest resi- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 577 dents of the Western Reserye. Mrs. Strong is a prominent member of the Daughters of the Revolution and is very active in church and charitable work. Mr. Strong is a member of the New England Society and finds his chief recreation in horseback riding. He is a republican in his political views but his attention is so largely occupied with business affairs that he has little time for public matters. In religious faith he is a Congregationalist and a most liberal supporter of the church. He has risen to his present prosperous condition by following the straight line of duty and quickly taking advantage of the opportunities that have been presented. He has long since proven his worth in the business world and his success is not only manifest in the fact that he is the vice president of one of the large business enterprises of the city but also in the fact that his landed holdings are extensive in Ohio, Michigan and Illinois. His strong purpose has enabled him to overcome difficulties which would have deterred many a man of less resolute spirit, but if one path of success seemed closed he has sought out another which would lead him to the same goal. ROBERT FULLER DENISON. Robert Fuller Denison, specializing in the department of railroad law and officially connected with various corporations, is now with the firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey. He was born in this city, January 4, 1876. In the year 1631 William Denison and his family sailed from England to the new world. Of the number was George Denison, who became very prominent in colonial affairs. He settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts, and afterward removed to Stonington, Connecticut. He was prominent in the Indian wars of the early days, serving as an officer on military duty and is referred to in the histories of those times. He held a commission from Massachusetts as magistrate while in Connecticut and was fined several times for exercising his authority, for the Connecticut authorities claimed that he had no jurisdiction in their colony. His paternal great-grandfather, Dan Denison, of the fifth generation of the descendants of George Denison, was born in Saybrook, Connecticut, and about 1821 came to the Western Reserve, settling on a farm on what is now Denison avenue, named in honor of the family, and one of the important thoroughfares of the city, being largely a residence street. His son, Dan Denison, Jr., also a native of Saybrook, Connecticut, accompanied his parents to Ohio in early childhood and married Ursula Euphemia Taylor, January 12, 1842. Lemuel T. Denison, the father of Robert F. Denison, was born in Cleveland, May 28, 1843, and was formerly identified with banking but is now president of the Denison Allotment Company, operating in the field of real estate. He is likewise connected with a number of other corporations and his business enterprise and strength have carried -him into important relations. In the early '8os he served as deputy county treasurer. He married Sarah Louise Fuller, who was born in Sturbridge, Massachusetts, March 4, 1847, and died October 10, 1895. She was a daughter of Charles and Mariel (Allen) Fuller. Her father, who was born in 1811, passed away in 1904. At the time of the Civil war Lemuel T. Denison enlisted for service as a member of the One Hundred and Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, serving for three years, from 1862 until 1865, in Tennessee and Kentucky. Robert Fuller Denison was educated in the public schools' of Cleveland until he completed a course in the West high school with the class of 1892. His later education was acquired in Williams College, from which he graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1897. He also attended the Columbia Law School, graduating with the LL. B. degree in 1900. That same year he was admitted to the bar, after which he at once began practice and has since been associated with the firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey. His specialty is railroad law and upon 578 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND this branch of jurisprudence he is particularly well versed, his research, investigation and experience bringing him knowledge that is far above the average. He is assistant general attorney of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad and is president of the Youngstown & Ohio River Railroad Company ; vice president of the Denison Allotment Company, vice president of the Pittsburg, Wheeling & Lake Erie Coal Company and a director in many others, especially subsidiary companies of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad Company. On the firth of October, 1899, Mr. Denison was married to Miss Elizabeth Brainerd Thomson, a daughter of George H. Thomson, a civil engineer of New York, for many years bridge engineer and later consulting engineer of the New York Central Lines. Her mother was in her maidenhood a Miss Brown, of Lee, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Denison have two children, Robert Borodel and Elizabeth St. John. The family are communicants of the Episcopal church and Mr. Denison gives his political allegiance to the republican party. He belongs to the Phi Delta Theta college fraternity, the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity and the Phi Beta Kappa, a scholarship fraternity and to "Gargoyle," the Williams College senior society. He is also a member of the Union and University Clubs and of the Nisi Prius Club. His ready adaptability and resource enables him not only to perform the services entrusted to his care in professional lines but also constitutes him an important factor in the management of various corporate interests, and his success finds its route in an ability which his colleagues and contemporaries recognize and which has already brought to him substantial reward in both legal and financial circles. REV. RAYMOND MYLOTT. The Rev. Raymond Mylott, pastor of St. Augustine's Catholic church of Cleveland, was born in Youngstown, Ohio, May 23, 187o, a son of Patrick and Sabina (Burke) Mylott. Patrick Mylott was born in County Mayo, Ireland, in 1848, but came to the United States in 1868 and spent six months in the vicinity of Troy, New York, whence he removed to Youngstown, Ohio. His father was Raymond Mylott, who was born and died in Ireland. Patrick Mylott is an expert on rolling mill contracting and is an adviser of the purchasing department of the Republic Iron & Steel Manufacturing Company. He was a member of the city council of Youngstown for years and city commissioner for three terms. His wife, a daughter of Stephen Burke, was born in Ireland but was brought to the United States when five weeks old. They were married in Youngstown and there were eight sons and two daughters in their family, seven sons and one daughter still surviving. One of these, Dr. John P. Mylott, who was born in 1872, became a practicing physician of Cleveland but died in 1900. Another son, James H., is an undertaker of Cleveland, belonging to the firm of Flinn & Froelk. Father Mylott attended the parochiar schools of St. Columba's and Youngstown and then entered St. Charles' College at Ellicott City, Maryland, where he spent six years. He then spent five years' in St. Mary's seminary of Cleveland, and was ordained December 14, 1895, by Bishop Horstmann at the seminary. His first mass was celebrated December 15, 1895, at St. Columba's church at Youngstown and he first had charge of a mission in that city. In addition to this mission, which was at Warren, he had fourteen stations and continued to minister to them all for nine months, when he was made assistant priest of St. John's cathedral, of Cleveland. Here he remained from September 12, 1896, until November, 1900. On that date he became assistant priest of St. Columbkill's church of this city and was retained in that capacity until February, 1904, when he was made pastor of St. Mary's of the Annunciation. Until January 6, 1907, he remained in charge there, when he was sent to his present church. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 579 It used to be a custom of Father Mylott to do considerable speaking at meetings of the Knights of Columbus but since coming to St. Augustine's church his time is fully taken up with parish matters. He has five hundred and fifty families in his charge, and in his school are three hundred and forty-eight pupils, who are taken care of by six efficient teachers. The eight-roam school building is a fine one, built of brick with stone trimmings, and is of concrete and steel, being therefore fireprof. The brick church has a seating capacity of eight hundred people. There is a substantial parish house, and everything is in excellent condition financially. Father Mylott is an eloquent speaker and organizer and has accomplished much since taking charge of his present church. EDWIN A. DUBS. Among those who contribute materially to the strength of Cleveland's vast manufacturing life is Edwin A. Dubs, for the past eight years superintendent of the Bardons & Oliver Company, manufacturers of turret machines, located at 1133 West Ninth street. He was born in Cleveland, October 19, 1869, his parents being Rudolph and Elisabeth Dubs, and on both sides is of German extraction. His maternal grandfather, Carl Wabrietz, was born in Germany but, desiring to test the resources of a newer country, came to America in 1842. He ultimately settled in Iowa, on a farm in Louisa county, near Grandview, and there spent the remainder of a long life, his death occurring in 1905. Our subject's father was a native of Alsace-Lorraine, who also came to the United States and in 1868 took up his residence in Cleveland. As a minister in the German United Evangelical church, he held several important charges prior to receiving the highest honor in the bestowal of the church, the appointment to the bishopric, with residence in Chicago. He remained in this high capacity for the following decade, when he was called by the church to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, to assume the editorship of the "Stutshift," the official organ of the United Evangelical church. Edwin A. Dubs received his education in the public schools of Cleveland, which he attended until his eighteenth year. He then laid the foundation of his business career by a five years' apprenticeship to Warner & Swasey, manufacturers of machine tools, becoming a journeyman at the end of that time. In a short time he entered the employ of the Bardons & Oliver Company, of which he is now superintendent, a fact which speaks eloquently of the value of his services. Mr. Dubs upholds the principles of what its supporters term the "grand old party," and is a member of the Presbyterian church. Mr. Dubs was married, September 15, 1892, the lady of his choice being Miss Louise J. Flick, a daughter of J. J. Flick, of the J. J. Flick Dressed Beef Company, a wholesale meat business. In this concern, Mr. Dubs is a director. One child has been born to this marriage, a daughter, Ruth A., who attends the public schools. The family residence is at 1445 Coliasett avenue, Lakewood. WILBUR J. WATSON. Wilbur J. Watson, a civil and architectural engineer of Cleveland, has been connected with the design and construction of many large and important bridges and buildings, his work being scattered all over the eastern section of the United States. His birth occurred in Berea, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, in 1871, his parents being David R. and Maria (Parker) Watson, who were likewise natives of this state. The Watson family was early represented in this county, the paternal grandfather of our subject, who was of Scotch-Irish descent, tak- 580 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ing up his abode in Strongsville in 1828. Later the family moved to Berea. The maternal grandfather of W. J. Watson, Dr. Lemuel Parker, settled in Medina county in 1832, coming from Naples, New York. Wilbur J. Watson obtained his early education in the public schools of his native town and afterward entered Case School of Applied Science, from which institution he was graduated in 1898 with the degree of Bachelor of Science. The higher degree of Civil Engineer was conferred by his alma mater in 1901. Prior to entering the Case School he served for five years in the engineering department of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company, and after his graduation he spent nine years in the employ of the Osborn Engin eering Company. In 1907 he embarked in the practice of his profession for himself as consulting and designing engineer for the construction of bridges and buildings. He has been employed as consulting engineer for the city of Cleveland on the proposed reconstruction of the new viaducts and by many other cities, counties and corporations for similar work. In the line of his profession he is identified with the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Ohio Engineering Society and the American Society of Civil Engineers. In the year 1900 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Watson and Miss Martha Barnes, also of this city. They are now the parents of two daughters, Emily and Sarah. Mr. Watson belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is also a member of the Phi Delta Theta and Tau Beta Pi (honorary) fraternities. Mr. and Mrs. Watson reside in a beautiful home on Rosemont Road, East Cleveland. ADAMS B. L. HOWARD, M. D. Dr. Adams B. L. Howard, who in his practice has specialized in the treatment of nervous and mental diseases, occupies a prominent place among those who in recent years have given their attention to this branch of practice, doing a work that is of untold benefit. Dr. Howard was born in Boston, Massachusetts, January 7, 1860. His father, Noble Howard, was a native of the same state and for many years followed merchandising but died twenty years ago. The family are descended from John Howard of England, the ancestry in America being traced back to 1625, in which year John Howard crossed the Atlantic and made his home with Miles Standish. He took up arms in 1640. Locating in Brockton, Massachusetts, that town has since been the home of his descendants and is also the site of the well known Howard Seminary. Members of the family were also soldiers of the Revolutionary war. The mother of Dr. Howard bore the maiden name of Catherine R. Lathrop and died about eighteen years ago. Spending his boyhood days in Massachusetts, Dr. Howard there acquired his early education in public and private schools and also attended the high school at Wareham, Plymouth county, Massachusetts. Cater he became a student in Pierce Academy at Middleboro, Massachusetts, and on leaving there came to Cleveland in 1885. For three and a half years he occupied a position in connection with railway service but, believing that a professional career would prove more congenial, he entered the medical department of Wooster University, from which he was graduated in 1892. He afterward opened an office on the south side and engaged in practice there until assigned to a position on the staff of the Cleveland State Hospital for the Insane, in which capacity he served until 1896, when he went to Cuyahoga Falls. There he established a private institution for the insane, which he conducted until 1897, when he was appointed by Governor Asa A. Bushnell to a trusteeship for the State Hospital for the Insane at Massillon, Ohio. In 1899 he received appointment from Governor Bushnell to the superintendency of the Cleveland State Hospital for the Insane, filling that position until April, 1907, when he resigned. Going to Europe he spent HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 583 the greater part of a year attending clinics and lectures on mental and nervous diseases and on the 1st of January, 1908, he opened an office at No. 736 Rose building, where he has since devoted his attention to the practice of his specialty —mental and nervous diseases. On previous trips to Europe he visited hospitals for the insane in England, Scotland, Switzerland, France and Italy, as well as many private and public institutions for the insane in this country. Thus study and personal investigation have brought him broad knowledge and made him most efficient in his chosen field of labor. For several years Dr. Howard gave clinical lectures on mental diseases at the Cleveland State Hospital for the Insane and to the students of the College of Physicians & Surgeons. He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the American Medico-Psychological Association. He also belongs to the Cleveland Medical Library Association and utilizes every means at hand to advance his knowledge and promote his efficiency. His labors have been of a valuable character and in all of his professional practice he works toward high ideals. On the 4th of October, 1902, Dr. Howard was married in Wooster, Ohio, to Miss Margaret Armor, a niece of a retired United States Supreme Judge and Ex-Lieutenant, Governor Welker, of that place. Mrs. Howard is a graduate of Wellesley College and is a lady of liberal education, who presides with gracious hospitality over their pleasant home at Hudson. Dr. and Mrs. Howard are members of the Cedar Avenue Baptist church and in Masonry he has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite and is also a member of the Mystic Shrine. He likewise belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and in this connection takes an active interest in everything pertaining to the welfare, growth and progress of the city and in all movements which are a matter of civic virtue and civic pride. LEMUEL STOUGHTON POTWIN, D. D. Lemuel Stoughton Potwin, scholar, theologian and educator, was born in East 'Windsor, Connecticut, February 4, 1832. He came of Huguenot stock, the name Potwin being Anglicized from Poitevin, native of Poitiers or Poitou. His name was Potwine until his senior year in college, when he dropped the final letter. His family early came to this country, and his great-grandfather was born in Boston, graduated at Yale College in 1751, and was for nearly half a century pastor of the Congregational church in East Windsor, Connecticut. Mr. Potwin prepared for college at Monson Academy of Monson, Massachusetts, and entered Yale College in January, 1851, the second term of freshman year. From the very first he took a high rank in scholarship, gaining in his first term a mathematical prize. He also gained other prizes for excellence in mathematics, Latin and English composition. In a competitive examination He received the Bristed scholarship, then the most valuable scholarship in the college and awarded for excellence in Greek, Latin and mathematics. He was also a member of the famous boat crew of 1854. At his graduation in 1854 he received high honors. After his graduation he taught for two years in Norwalk, Connecticut. Then for two years he studied theology at the theological seminary in East Windsor Hill, Connecticut, an institution now located at Hartford. He was then appointed tutor in Greek at Yale College, a position which he held for two years, from 1858 to 1860, meanwhile completing at New Haven his theological studies. On September 12, 1860, Mr. Potwin married Miss Julia H. Crane, of Caldwell, New Jersey, and on October 3d of the same year was ordained as pastor of the Congregational church in Bridgewater, Connecticut. This position he held for nearly three years but was obliged to resign because of ill health. On 584 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND August 31, 1863, he became acting pastor of the Congregational church at North Greenwich, Connecticut. After laboring there a year and six months he was invited to do editorial work for the Boston Tract Society. The North Greenwich people reluctantly released him from his engagement. He removed to Boston in March, 1865, and continued his editorial work there for six years. He then for a short time did editorial work for "The Congregationalist." In 1871 he was called to Western Reserve College, then at Hudson, Ohio, as professor of Latin and instructor in English literature. From 1877 to 1892 this second title was changed to instructor in English philology. In 1892, by his own choice, he gave up the work in Latin and was elected professor of the English language and literature. In 1906 he resigned his professorship and was elected professor emeritus. In the year 1897, in company with Mrs. Potwin, he made an extended European trip covering a period of fourteen months. In 1898 he brought out a collection of his studies in New Testament exegesis under the title "Here and There in the Greek New Testament," published by The Revell Company. This work was marked by sound scholarship and rare spiritual insight. Yale University, in recognition of the worth of his theological studies, conferred upon him in 1886 the degree of Doctor of Divinity, a recognition eminently deserved. He died on January 9, 1907. After his death a volume of selections from his editorial writings was made and published by his wife. Professor Potwin was a man of great industry. Always frail, for much of the time he bore uncomplainingly the heavy burden of ill health, and yet the amount of work he accomplished was amazing. One of his colleagues at Hudson, Professor Thomas Day Seymour, afterward of Yale, declares that personally he had known no other scholar who, under equal disadvantages, had achieved so much as Mr. Potwin. He had but little strength, but he never wasted the smallest modicum of what he had, and he used it all to the very best advantage. As a scholar he was thorough and accurate, and in giving the results of his scholarship to others as a teacher and writer he was remarkably clear and incisive. He was a man of remarkable breadth of vision and sanity of judgment. What he said or wrote always carried weight. Whenever he spoke, he spoke with authority ; not with the authority of an offensive egotism, but with the authority of wisdom and truth. Yet with all his scholarship he was a man of the utmost modesty. This sketch would be strangely incomplete if the greatest emphasis were not laid where every student and friend of Mr. Potwin would say it belongs—upon the simplicity and purity of his manhood. His students highly respected and admired his scholarship and attainment but they respected and admired even more his transparent genuineness and purity. In his presence they felt that they were face to face with the greatest thing in the world—a true man ; and that this true man was the friend of anyone who came to him for help in trouble or in doubt. The influence he exerted upon many generations of college students abundantly justifies the wisdom of those administrators of our institutions of learning who insist that the instructors of our youth shall have scholarship, and united with scholarship something of far higher worth, a pure and true personality. JOHN HASKELL DEXTER. John Haskell Dexter, the secretary and treasurer for the Society for Savings, to which position he was elected in 1905, is numbered among Cleveland's native sons. His father, Benjamin F. Dexter, was a native of Vermont and came to Cleveland in 1835, devoting many years of his business life to the service of the Lake Shore Railway Company. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 585 Spending his youthful days under his father's roof, John H. Dexter during that period pursued his education in the Cleveland public schools, eventually becoming a pupil in the West high school. After leaving school he entered the Peoples Bank as messenger and during twenty years connection with that institution served successively as teller, assistant cashier, cashier and vice president. In 1905 he was elected to the position of secretary and treasurer of the Society for Savings, which is recognized as one of the strong and reliable financial concerns of the city. Mr. Dexter is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and the Union and Euclid Clubs. REV. AUGUSTIN TOMASEK. Rev. Augustin Tomasek, pastor of St. Wendelin's Catholic church (Slovak) of this city, was born in St. Sidonia, Moravia, August 25, 1881, and is a son of Francis and Maria (Bodolay) Tomasek. The father, who was born in the same place in 1843, died in 1885, never having come to the United States, but spent his life as a teacher in the schools of his native land. The mother was born in 1847 and died in 1897. Father Tomasek was educated in the state schools of Moravia until he was thirteen and then, entering the gymnasium, he spent eight years studying there, after which he took a two years' course at Olomonc, where he studied theology and philosophy. In 1904 he came to the United States and entered the St. Mary's Seminary of Cleveland. His ordination took place in the cathedral October 13, 1905, Bishop Horstmann officiating. Father Tomasek said his first mass October 15, 1905, at St. Wendelin's church after which he was made assistant priest of St. Ladislas school, being connected with it for six months. Following this he was pastor of SS. Cyrill and Method's church for about sixteen months, in Barhelon, Ohio, and for the next ten months he was pastor of the church of the same name at Lakewood. In 1908 he was appointed pastor of his present church, where he has done a good work. He has three hundred pupils in the school, taught by four teachers, and there are about one thousand souls in the parish. The church has a seating capacity of three hundred people. The school building has four rooms, two of which are used for school purposes and two as a parish house. This was formerly a residence transformed into its present shape. There are five residences on the church property which are rented. Father Tomasek is an earnest man, devoted to his work and always busy help- ping his people, many of whom come to him from foreign lands without any knowledge of the language or customs of this country, and they depend upon him for much outside his spiritual offices. It is needless to say that he never fails them and is doing a magnificent work in transforming them into good American citizens, faithful to their church and to the laws of the United States. HENRY F. EHLERT. Henry F. Ehlert, who conducts an extensive and successful business as a manufacturer of mirrors at No. 4036 Hamilton avenue in Cleveland, was born in this city on the 28th of August, 1863, his parents being Henry and Mary Ehlert. His father died when he was but seven years of age, but his mother is still living at the age of sixty-eight years and continues to make her home in Cleveland. Henry F. Ehlert attended the German Lutheran schools until fourteen years of age and then for six months remained in the employ of Mr. Farthman, a 586 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND flour and feed merchant. Subsequently he entered the service of the Standard Oil Company, with which concern he continued for five years, working in various capacities. He next started out in business with his brother, August E. Ehlert, as a retail grocery merchant, being thus successfully engaged for five years, on the expiration of which period they became identified with their present line of activity as manufacturers of mirrors. They first conducted a factory on Sheriff street for four years and then removed to Champlain avenue, where they remained for two years, while during the following four years they conducted business on Bank street. They then came to their present location at No. 4036 Hamilton avenue, where they are engaged in the manufacture of a general line of mirrors, also doing beveling, silvering and resilvering. Energetic and progressive, Henry F. Ehlert has won a well deserved and highly gratifying measure of prosperity in the conduct of his manufacturing interests, and he has long been numbered among the representative and enterprising business men of the city. On the 4th of January, 1891, in Cleveland, Mr. Ehlert was united in marriage to Miss Annie Haker, by whom he has three children, as follows : Carl, seventeen years of age, who attends the Central high school; Flora, who is fifteen years old and also attends the Glenville high school ; and Henry Luther, a lad of twelve, who is a student in the Lutheran parochial schools. The family residence is at No. 10729 Lee avenue. Mr. Ehlert is not bound by party ties and casts an independent ballot at the polls, supporting the candidate whom he believes best qualified for the office in question. He belongs to the Cleveland Commercial Travelers and is also a devoted member of the German Lutheran church, the teachings of which he exemplifies in his daily life. A resident of Cleveland from his birth to the present time, he has a wide acquaintance here and his many excellent traits of character have won him an extensive circle of friends. EDWARD TRACY SCOVILL. Edward Tracy Scovill, who for many years followed the profession of civil engineering but is now living retired, was born in Cleveland, Ohio, August 12, 1846, a son of Edward and Catherine (Sholl) Scovill, who are mentioned else where in this volume. The son was a pupil in the public schools of his native city, and after his education was completed spent three years on the frontier with an engineering corps. Up to this time he had had some special professional and scientific training, but, desiring to thoroughly qualify for his chosen life work, he entered Yale, where he studied civil engineering. Subsequently he went west and for several years was engaged in making locations for several railroads, including the Union Pacific, the Northern Pacific, the Oregon Railroad and the west end of the Canadian Pacific. In 1872 he went to Peru, South America, and there remained for three years as civil engineer and locater of railroads which Henry Meigs was building. After his return to the United States Mr. Scovill had charge of engineering corps for several roads in the west and subsequently spent three years in British Columbia in connection with railway construction. In 1886 he returned to Cleveland, where he became associated with the Brown Hoisting Company as secretary, continuing in that connection with one 0f the most important industrial enterprises in the city until 1902, when he retired from active business and has since enjoyed well earned and well merited rest. He is still, however, a stockholder in the Brown Hoisting Company. As a locater of railroads he seemed to possess natural discrimination as to the best points over which the line should pass. He made such a close study of the country that while his opinions were formed with rapidity they were always correct and reliable. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 589 In 1896 Mr. Scovill was married to Miss Florence Sholes, a daughter of Thomas G. and Harriet (Este) Sholes. They have become parents of two children, Edward, born April 3, 1897; and Justine, born May 26, 1898, now students in the University School of Cleveland. In 1898 Mr. Scovill built his present residence on Park Lane, Northeast, and he also has a summer home at Danville, New York. In his political views Mr. Scovill is a republican and in his religious faith an Episcopalian. He belongs to the Union, Rowfant and Country Clubs and to the American Society of Civil Engineers. He is also a member of the Second Rank, Loyal Legion, and the Delta Psi Sigma Chapter, a college fraternity. He is fond of hunting and traveling, and business and pleasure have taken him not only to all sections of this country but also to many points in Europe, Japan and Egypt, so that his knowledge of the western world is comprehensive and exact. Moreover, his travels have stored his mind with many interesting memories and reminiscences so that now, when no longer business interests claim his attention, he has rich mental resources from which to draw. CHARLES FRANKLIN HOOVER, M. D. Dr. Charles Franklin Hoover, an eminent member of the medical fraternity in Cleveland, his comprehensive study and broad experience having carried him into important professional relations, was born in Miamisburg, Ohio, August 2, 1865. Investigation into the ancestral history shows that the Hoovers came to America from Switzerland in 1780, the family home being established in Pennsylvania, near Lancaster, whence a removal was made to Ohio about 1816. John Houts, great-grandfather of Dr. Hoover in the paternal line, was one of the early bankers and manufacturers of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who lost his fortune through the failure of the old Jacksonian Bank. He then removed to Ohio and became one of the pioneers of Troy, this state, and turned his attention to farming and distilling. David Hoover, the grandfather, and Abel Hoover, the father of Dr. Hoover, were both engaged in the manufacture of harvesting machinery in Miamisburg and both were natives of this state. After the successful conduct of business interests for many years Abel Hoover retired some years ago and is now enjoying well earned rest in Miamisburg. His wife bore the maiden name of Clara Hoff and is a native of Pennsylvania. She is descended from both Holland and German ancestry, the family being founded in Philadelphia between 1770 and 1780, being residents there during the occupation of that city by the British at the time of the Revolutionary war. Dr. Hoover spent his boyhood days in Miamisburg and by reason of the comfortable financial position of the father was relieved of the necessity for arduous labor in youth in which so many boys engage. On the contrary, excellent educational opportunities were afforded him, which he fully improved. After attending the public schools of his native city he entered Harvard, in which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1887 and in the fall of that year he matriculated in the Harvard Medical School, where he continued his course until February, 1890, when he went abroad, spending four years in further preparation for his profession by study in some of the best universities and under the most eminent professors and practitioners of Vienna, Prague and Strassburg. He remained abroad until 1894, save for a brief period in 1892 when he returned to take his M. D. degree from Harvard. After finishing his studies in Europe he located for practice in Cleveland in September, 1894. His training was particularly thorough and comprehensive and moreover he possesses a nature that could never be content with mediocrity. He, therefore, applied himself most earnestly to the mastery of the problems which con- 590 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND tinually confront the physician and his superior ability was soon manifest in the splendid results which attended his professional labors. He became recognized as one of the most skilled representatives of the profession in northern Ohio and broad experience and constant research have continually promoted his efficiency. From 1894 until 1907 he was visiting physician to the City Hospital, after which he resigned and became a member of the visiting staff at Lakeside Hospital. Since 1895 he has been a member of the faculty of the Western Reserve Medical School and has been very active in the teaching of medicine, proving as capable an educator as he is a practitioner. He was also visiting physician to St. Alexis Hospital from 1896 until 1900, has been a frequent contributor to the current literature of the profession and has lectured frequently before different organizations and societies. His interest in the scientific research and experimental work of the profession is indicated in his membership in the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. He now limits his practice to general internal medicine, having largely become recognized as an authority upon questions of vital interest in this branch of practice. On the 9th of August, 1900, at Kincardine, Ontario, Dr. Hoover was married to Miss Katherine Fraser, a daughter of Murdock and Christine (McKenzie) Fraser, natives of Sutherlandshire, Scotland, and among the pioneers of Bruce county, Ontario, locating there about 1850. Dr. and Mrs. Hoover now have a daughter, Katherine, born June 30, 1901. The family residence is at No. 1903 East Seventy-fifth street, where Dr. Hoover has owned his home since 1906. Dr. Hoover is independent in his political views. He holds membership with the Unitarian church, in the Union and University Clubs and was a member of the Pi Eta fraternity of Harvard. He is a man of wide general culture, broad minded and liberal in his views, seeking progress at all times along the lines that are substantiated by thorough scientific investigation. REV. CASSIMIR REICHLIN. The Rev. Cassimir Reichlin, priest in charge of St. Stephen's church of Cleveland, has spent thirty-eight years of his useful life here and not only is the only pastor his parish has had but this is his first assignment. He was born in Switzerland, December 16, 1843, a son of Charles and Bridget (Rickenback) Reichiin, neither of whom ever came to the United States, A brother, Joseph Leonard Reichlin, who was a priest at Eteinerberg, Canton Schwyz, was born June 11, 1841, and died March 21, 1906. Father Reichlin has a nephew who is rector of St. Joseph church at Lorain, Ohio. Father Reichlin attended in the Benedictine convent at Engleberg, Switzerland, and was graduated in philosophy at Brig, Canton Wallis, before he came to the United States and entered St. Mary's Seminary of Cleveland, Ohio. He was ordained priest by Bishop Loers, of Fort Wayne, in April, 1870, saying his first mass the following day at St. Peter's church of Cleveland. Immediately following he was sent to St. Stephen's church, where he has since remained, and during the years which have followed he has accomplished a great work. Father Falk built a brick structure with the church above and a school underneath, but it was left for Father Reichlin to inaugurate and carry out plans which have resulted in the present sacred edifice and parish buildings. Under his energetic management the present large, beautiful stone structure has been built, at a cost of one hundred thousand dollars, which has a seating capacity of twelve hundred 'people. He has also built a brick schoolhouse of fifteen rooms ; a large brick parish house ; a brick Sisters' home with enough room for fifteen Sisters ; a big frame house for four Brothers ; and he has installed a heating plant for all HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 591 the structures. There are two smaller houses for the sexton and other purposes and all are substantial and well fitted for their several requirements. The Brothers teach the larger boys, having classes in history and commercial courses. There are two assistants connected with the church, the Rev. Joseph Trapp and the Rev. Emil Scheider. There are fifteen teachers in the school and seven hundred pupils. The parish contains seven hundred families and thirty-five hundred souls. Church and school matters are in a flourishing condition for Father Reichlin is a good executive. BELDEN SEYMOUR. Though more than two decades have passed since Belden Seymour was called to his final rest, he is still remembered by many of Cleveland's residents as one of the city's leading business men and public-spirited citizens He was born in 1826 at his grandfather's place, Comfort Hill, in Vergennes, Vermont. His grandfather, also Belden Seymour (named for his maternal grandparent Ruth Belden) had driven in his own coach with his wife, Abigail Beers, from the birthplace of the Seymours family in America—Norwalk, Connecticut, to Vergennes early in the century. Belden Seymour's father was Harry Belden Seymour and his mother was Mary Lazell Ward, a daughter of Major Trowbridge Ward, of Cummington, Massachusetts. His father dying when he was but fourteen years old, an uncle, Charles Seymour, who was a merchant in New York sent for Belden, and he remained with that uncle until he came west about 1845. His maternal uncle, Horatio Ward, having come to Cleveland and married the daughter of Judge Barber, who had received a grant of land in Ohio City from The Connecticut Land Grant Company. Belden finally located in Ohio City with this uncle in 1848 and sent to Vergennes for his mother, brother and two young sisters. Then, especially in the Barber and Lord allotment, he began his active career in the real estate and insurance business, being recognized as an authority on real estate matters all through his life and meeting with a gratifying and well merited degree of prosperity. He was greatly interested in the erection of both business and residence structures, and bought much land for the railroads. It was largely through his efforts that the ground was secured and the plans consummated for the erection of the Superior street viaduct. He was one of the organizers of the People's Gas Light Company and of the People's Savings & Trust Company, of both of which companies he remained a director until the time of his death, as he had also been for many years of the Citizens Savings & Loan Association, now the Citizens Savings & Trust Company, of which his son Belden Seymour and his son-in-law Andrew Squire are now directors. Although centering his interests to a large extent in the west side, Mr. Seymour gave hearty aid and cooperation in all measures of reform, improvement and progress on both sides of the river. He was a stanch republican, an early member of the Cleveland Light Artillery Company, of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and of the Union Club. For many years he was a member of the vestry and junior warden of St. John's Episcopal church, the land for which having been given by Judge Barber and Richard Lord, and the erection of which having been in part the early work of his and his wife's family. His activity in the Barber and Lord allotment early brought him into association with Richard Lord, the brother-in-law of Judge Barber, and in 1853 he married Mrs. Lord's niece, Eleanor Herrick, whose father S. N. Herrick, a civil engineer from Albany, had come to Cleveland with his cousin William Har- 592 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND back, when Harback, Stone & Witt were building the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railroad. Mr. Seymour died very suddenly in January, 1889 ; twenty years later his life would have been saved undoubtedly by an operation to remove his appendix. Mrs. Seymour survived him more than twenty years, living always in the old family home on the corner of Franklin avenue and Thirty-eighth street, West, and taking an active part in the social and charitable life about her. Her long life of seventy-nine years in Cleveland endeared her to a widespread circle of warm friends on both sides of the river. Belden Seymour, Jr., the only son of Mr. and Mrs. Seymour was early sent to complete his education by a couple of years of travel in Europe. On returning to Cleveland he went into the employ of his uncle John E. Greene, then one of the firm and now the president of the William Bingham Company. Subsequently he spent some years in Chicago and Minneapolis but returned to Cleveland at the time of his father's demise. He took up at once the management of his father's estate and affairs, and has been engaged actively and extensively ever since in the real-estate and insurance business, being elected immediately to fill his father's position in various business and banking associations. Mr. and Mrs. Belden Seymour left one other child, Eleanor, whose second marriage to Andrew Squire, head of the well known firm of attorneys, Squire, Sanders & Dempsey, brought her back to Cleveland in 1896, after an absence of about fifteen years, largely spent in travel. Belden Seymour's brother, Henry Beers Seymour, who also lived in Cleveland a good many years and was with his brother in business, is still living (in 1w0) in New York. Of Mr. Seymour's two sisters who came from Vermont to live with him, the younger, Mrs. John E. Greene, died during a little visit to the home of her childhood, Vergennes, in 1901 but the other, Miss Helen M. Seymour, still lives in the old Seymour home on Franklin avenue. FREDERICK KING. Frederick King, who occupies a pleasant residence at 13645 Euclid avenue, Cleveland, is actively engaged in the coal business in this city. He was born in Burgess Hill, Sussex county, England, February 28, 1852, a son of Frederick and Fannie (Adams) King. The latter was a daughter of Adam Adams, of Hurstpierpoint, Sussex county, a famous botanist and florist, and a man of considerable reputation in his community, largely because of his generous hospitality and his ability to provide acceptable entertainment for This friends. He passed away in 1868. Frederick King, Sr., was a contractor and brickmaker in the old country and when his son Frederick was about two and a half years old came to America. He settled in Adrian, Michigan, but after living there for five years returned to England, owing to the death of his brother, Thomas King. There he spent the remaining years of his life. He died in 1892. As a child Frederick King accompanied his parents when they came to the United States. He returned to England with them when he was a little more than seven years of age and in the country of his birth received an education which was to qualify him for the responsibilities of life. At the age of fifteen, however, he relinquished the pursuit of lessons, and then went to work with his father at brick-making. He was about twenty years of age when he came to America for the second time. He settled in East Cleveland about thirty-five years ago and engaged in the grocery and meat business. Some years later he sold his store to his brother and turned his attention to the coal and feed business. This he sold in the course of the next few years to the Goff, Kirby Coal Company, by whom he was retained as manager. The concern has twice changed hands in the last ten years, and is now known as the Pittsburg Coal Company, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 595 but Mr. King still holds the position of manager. He is possessed of undeniable business ability, as the fact of his remaining in a responsible position, notwithstanding the change of owners, attests. After coming to Cleveland, Mr. King married and is now the father of three sons : Herbert D., who was born March 12, 1882 ; Paul F., who was born March 21, 1885 ; and Kenneth R., who was born October 21, 1893. Mr. King and his family are members of St. Paul's Episcopal church, of East Cleveland, and consistently attempt to make their religious training effective in their daily lives. Mr. King has done good work in connection with various public interests and projects. He was the prime mover in securing the switch from the Nickel Plate Railway at Windermere and, while this was done more than sixteen years ago, it is still known as King's switch. He was the first man to successfully secure the required support for the first telephone system installed in the postoffice in East Cleveland, then kept by Mrs. Steele. While his sympathies may be said to be with the republican party he is not strongly bound by party ties and in local matters regards the issue rather than party organization. In national and state politics, however, his support usually goes to the republican candidates. Soon after its organization he became a member of the Cleveland Church Club, with which he has since been identified. His years have marked a steady progress not only in the financial position to which he has attained but also in the attainment of that high regard which is only accorded in recognition of individual merit. He has ever exercised those characteristics which make for good fortune, respect and honor and the circle of his friends is being constantly extended, EDWIN HERBERT SEASON, M. D. Dr. Edwin Herbert Season, who has been numbered among the successful and able medical practitioners of Cleveland since the fall of 1899, was born in Stowe township, Summit county, Ohio, on the 13th of September, 1872. His paternal great-grandfather, John Season, was an officer of the English royal navy, while the grandfather, James Season, whose birth occurred in New York in 1812, was a wagon maker by trade. The latter wedded Miss Martha Coles, a native of England. The maternal grandparents of our subject were Moses Danforth and Martha (Starr) Call, the former of Warren, Massachusetts, and the latter of Middletown, Connecticut. The great-grandfather, Josiah Starr, was the first white man to fell a tree in Summit county, this state, and participated in the war of 1812, acting as a drummer boy at the battle of Detroit. His wife was a Miss Cannon—a representative of an old family of Ohio. Edwin Austin Season, the father of Dr. Season of this review, was born in Somersetshire, England, on the l0th of October, 1837. He was brought to the United States in 1844, the family home being established in Stowe township, Summit county, Ohio, where he subsequently became identified with general agricultural pursuits. He still survives and now makes his home in Hudson township. In early manhood he wedded Miss Emma Augusta Call, whose birth occurred in Stowe township, Summit county, on the 22d of December, 1847. She is also yet living. Edwin H. Season was graduated from the high school at Hudson, Ohio. with the class of 1890 and spent the years 1890 and 1891 as a student in the Western Reserve Academy of Hudson. He then taught a district school for two years and in 1895 entered the medical department of the Western Reserve University, from which institution he was graduated in 1898, winning the degree of M. D. He afterward spent twenty-two months as interne at the Lakeside Hospital in Cleveland and in the fall of 1899 entered upon the private practice of his profession in this city, opening an office at the corner of Doan and Euclid avenues, where he has since remained. From 1899 until 1908 he acted as physician in 596 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND charge of the Lakeside Hospital Dispensary, his duties in this connection including instruction in physical diagnosis. His attention is given principally to the practice of internal medicine, in which connection he has gained an extensive and lucrative patronage as his skill and ability have become recognized. He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. On the 19th of June, 1901, in Akron, Ohio, Dr. Season was united in marriage to Miss Anna S. Alexander, a daughter of David Alexander, of that city. They now have two children, namely : John Alexander, five years of age; and Sarah Hale, who is one year old. The parents are members of the Euclid Avenue Congregational church and reside at No. 1948 East One Hundred and Sixteenth street. The Doctor maintains his office at No. 10406 Euclid avenue. FRANK P. WHITTON. Frank P. Whitton, who has been successfully engaged in business as a general contractor of Cleveland since 1905, was born in Canada on the list of July, 1876. His father, A. J. Whitton, whose birth occurred in England in 1850, crossed the Atlantic to the United States when a young man of twenty-one years. He is still actively engaged in business as a contractor of New York and has met with a well merited and gratifying measure of prosperity in his undertakings. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Margaret Brennan and whom he wedded in Canada, passed away in 1905. She was a native of that country, having been born in 1850. Frank P. Whitton obtained. his early education in the schools of his native land and afterward entered the St. Louis Institute, where he completed a scientific course in 1892. For ten years following his graduation he was employed by a construction company in New York and in 1903 embarked in business on his own account at New Castle, Pennsylvania, where he remained for two years. On the expiration of that period he came to Cleveland and for the past five years has here continuously carried on his interests as a contractor, his business consisting of railroad construction work throughout Ohio and Pennsylvania. His superior ability in his chosen field of labor has secured for him many important contracts and, though still a young man, he has already won a prominent position among the representatives of industrial life in this city. He is the president of the Whitton Construction Company and also of the Logan County Real Estate Company. In 1899 Mr. Whitton was united in marriage to Miss Muriel J. McLean, of New York. They are both faithful communicants of the Catholic church. Mr. Whitton is likewise a member of the Knights of Columbus, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Automobile Club. In a calling where advancement depends upon individual skill and merit he has gained creditable recognition and from his labor has derived substantial benefits. LAWRENCE S. LORD. One of the younger generation of Cleveland's progressive citizens whose achievements already presage a brilliant career is Lawrence S. Lord. This young man, born in this city, April 28, 1882, has for over a year and a half successfully filled the position of resident general manager of the Columbia Lubricants Company of New York, whose Cleveland offices are located at 1111 Superior avenue. Mr. Lord has in a manner followed in the footsteps of his grandfather and father, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 597 for both of them have been connected with important manufacturing concerns. The former gentleman was Samuel Lord, of the Lord & Barber Company, manufacturers of steam engines, whose death occurred in 1880. Mr. Lord's parents are Edward P. and Josephine (Wright) Lord. The former terminated his attendance at the public schools when a boy of fourteen and later took a course in a business college. Today he holds the important position of vice president and manager of the Ohio Machine & Boiler Company. Lawrence S. Lord also ended his public-school education at fourteen, but supplemented it with several years' study at the Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. Not long after this he returned to Cleveland, where with the firm of Lord & Patterson, mercantile brokers, he was engaged until 1906. His next step was a more ambitious and independent undertaking inasmuch as he organized the General Refining Company and assumed its management until 1908. In that year he was complimented by an offer from the Columbia Lubricants Company of New York to become their resident manager in Cleveland. This he accepted, and his services have proved him well worthy the confidence reposed in him. Mr. Lord is republican in politics and Protestant in religious conviction. He was married, October 21, 1908, to Miss Carney, of Bellevue, Ohio. Their residence is in Lakewood and Mr. Lord is a member of Lakewood Yacht Club. JUDGE ROBERT WALKER TAYLER. Judge Robert Walker Tayler was born at Youngstown, Ohio, November 26th, 1852. His father, Robert Walker Tayler, a native of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, by profession a lawyer and banker, was auditor of Ohio from 1860 to 1863, when he was appointed by President Lincoln first comptroller of the United States treasury, a position which he held until he died, in 1878. The mother, Louisa Maria Woodbridge, was a great-granddaughter of Jonathan Edwards. Judge, Tayler received his education in the public schools of his native place and Washington, D. C., where he spent three years in Georgetown College. At the beginning of the sophomore year he entered the class of 1872 in the Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio. In college he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. Following his graduation Judge Tayler served a year as teacher in the Lisbon high school and was for two years superintendent of schools. During .1875 and 1876 he edited the "Buckeye State," and while engaged in teaching and journalistic work, he studied law. Judge Tayler was married to Helen Vance on May 18th, 1876, and was admitted to the bar in 1877. An office was opened at East Liverpool, where he practiced until elected prosecuting attorney of Columbiana county in 1880. In 1894 Judge Tayler was elected to congress. He was thrice reelected, and was nominated the fifth time, when he retired to become a member of the firm of Arrel, McVey & Tayler, at Youngstown, Ohio. He was also professionally engaged, in 1904 and 1905, in the prosecution of the Reed Smoot case at Washington, for which eminent service he had become admirably prepared by reason of his chairmanship in congress of the special committee on case of Brigham H. Roberts, representative-elect from Utah. In January, 1905, President Roosevelt appointed Judge Tayler to the federal judgeship of northern Ohio, with courts at Cleveland and Toledo. In this position he has added to his wide professional reputation, particularly in the settlement of street-railway difficulties, culminating in the passage of the Tayler ordinance, under which franchise the traction system in Cleveland now operates. A college classmate, himself a judge, says of Judge Tayler : "I think he may at the end of all fairly lay claim to what William Wirt, England's great advocate 598 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of law reform, hoped his prince might say—`that he found law dear, and left it cheap ; found it a sealed book, left it a living letter ; found it the patrimony of the rich, left it the inheritance of the poor ; found it a two-edged sword of craft and oppression, left it the staff of honesty and the shield of innocence.' Judge Tayler has the confidence of the people, and hence an opportunity, as few men have, to share in this exceeding precious reward." ROBERT L. IRELAND. Robert L. Ireland, member of the firm of M. A. Hanna & Company, of Cleveland, Ohio, was born August 20, 1867, at Stratford, Connecticut, the summer residence of his parents, residents of New York city. His father, John B. Ireland, is a distinguished member of the legal profession, and his mother is Adelia (Duane) Ireland. On both sides his parents are of Revolutionary stock. R. L. Ireland obtained his early education at Stamford, Connecticut, and Newburgh, New York, and completed at Yale, from which university he graduated with the class of 1890. Shortly after he came to Cleveland and entered the employ of The Cleveland Hardware Company. In 1892 he organized The Hackney Bicycle Company and became its secretary and treasurer. In 1894 he became associated with The Globe Iron Works Company as assistant secretary and treasurer and in 1898 was made vice president of that company., He was also vice president and general manager of The Ship Owners' Dry Dock Company, having combined The Cleveland Dry Dock Company and The Ship Owners' Dry Dock Company. In 1899 he was, with others, instrumental in bringing about the consolidation of the ship building interests of the Great Lakes, the organization becoming known as The American Ship Building Company and Mr. Ireland was chosen vice president, which position he held until October 10, 1903. The corporation has a capital of thirty million dollars and controls nearly all of the large ship-building plants on the Great Lakes. On January 1, 1904, Mr. Ireland entered the firm of M. A. Hanna & Company, as a partner, which position he now holds. Mr. Ireland is actively identified with many corporations and is officially connected with the following : vice president and director of The Nokay Iron Company, The Richmond Iron Company, The Virginia Ore Mining Company, The M. A. Hanna Coal Company, The M. A. Hanna Dock Company, United Iron & Steel Company, Pittsburg Iron Ore Company, Nassau Mining Company, La Rue Mining Company, Croxton Mining Company, Ohio & Western Pennsylvania Dock Company, Union Coke Company, Hamden Mining Company, The Buffalo Union Terminal Railway Company, director of Buffalo Furnace Company, and Penn Iron & Coal Company, director of the American Shipbuilding Company, Bay City Shipbuilding Company, Buffalo Dry Dock Company, Chicago Shipbuilding Company, Detroit Shipbuilding Company, Milwaukee Dry Dock Company, Superior Shipbuilding Company, Detroit Iron & Steel Company, Euclid Avenue Opera House Company and Metallic Packing & Manufacturing Company. He is also vice president and director of The Boomer Coal & Coke Company, Massillon Coal Mining Company, Pittsburg and Eastern Coal Company, Wheeling & Lake Erie Coal Mining Company, Newfield Coke Company, West Lebanon Coal Company, Calumet Transit Company, Cambria Steamship Company, Franklin Transportation Company, Labelle Steamship Company, Mahoning Steamship Company, Eastern Steamship Company, American- Boston Mining Company, Consumers' Ore Company, Hollister Mining Company, Richmond Iron Company and The Virginia Steamship Company. Mr. Ireland is also one of the advisory board of The Citizens Savings & Trust Company and The Cleveland Trust Company, two of the strongest financial institutions in the United States. He is president and director of The Tavern Club and a member of the Union, Country, Cleveland Athletic, Hunt, Roadside, Gen-