(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 750 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ness. While with them he became a commercial traveler. Following this he was with several firms until 1888, when he went to Philadelphia and became a commercial traveler for Hood, Foulkrod & Company, sustaining that relation for seven years, with Cleveland as headquarters and Ohio as his territory. Phen he left that house, he started in business for himself in a modest way at his present location. The business has developed so that now the handsome store on Kinsman Road is the largest of its kind in that section, as well as one of the first to be established in the locality. A full line of dry goods, notions and ladies' and men's furnishing goods is carried, and so complete and far-reaching are the connections of the house that many advantages are offered customers. The service is as nearly perfect as Mr. Dorn's efforts can make it, and the volume of trade is constantly growing. In February, 1878, Mr. Dorn married Anna Stead, a native of Cleveland. They have had three children : George J., born in August, 1880, travels for The Clawson Willson Dry Goods Company, of Buffalo; William F., born September 14, 1882, is also a traveling salesman; and Bessie P., born January 31, 1886, is the wife of Dr. William Gernhard, of Cleveland. Mr. Dorn is a member of the Knights of Pythias and has held many of the offices in that organization. He is also a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner, and belongs to the Cleveland Commercial Travelers Association. He was chairman of the executive committee of the Kinsman Road Improvement Association, being one of the organizers of this association, and for thirteen years he has done much to bring about the needed improvements in his locality. In addition he is president of the Kinsman Road Merchants Association. A republican in his political views, he gives earnest and hearty support to his party. Mr. Dorn has a strong personality, is firm in his likes and dislikes, and has gained his present position through devotion to his business and the interests related to it. He has taken a public-spirited part in the welfare of his community but has not desired political office. His contributions to church work and religious enterprises have been liberal, he believing in the efficacy of whatever tends toward a general uplift. His long experience in almost every branch of his line of business has made him peculiarly fitted to carry on an enterprise of the size his has attained to. COLONEL STOUGHTON BLISS. Colonel Stoughton Bliss, whose demise occurred in Cleveland on the 19th of September, 1896, had been a resident of this city throughout his entire life and was widely recognized as one of its most respected and prosperous business men and citizens. He was born on the 18th of February, 1823, in a little house on lower Superior avenue, his parents being William and Cynthia (Wolcott) Bliss, whose family numbered four children. The mother was a direct descendant of Oliver Wolcott, the first governor of Connecticut and one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. William Bliss, the father of our subject, came to Cuyahoga county in 1815 and took up his abode among 'the pioneer residents of Cleveland, embarking in business here when the town contained but five hundred inhabitants. In his youthful days Colonel Stoughton Bliss received such educational advantages as the schools of the locality afforded, though at that early day the methods of instruction were somewhat crude as compared to those of modern times. After putting aside his text-books he became a clerk in the postoffice and later was elected city marshal, discharging his official duties in a most prompt and capable manner. In 1846 he became associated with T. S. Paddock in the conduct of a hat and fur business, the partnership being maintained for two years. In r850 he formed a partnership with J. B. Smith and turned his attention to the production HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 753 of malt, successfully conducting the enterprise for several years. At the time of the outbreak of the Civil war he offered his services to the government in defense of the Union and was made assistant quartermaster general with the rank of colonel, serving in that capacity during the period of hostilities. Phen the country no longer needed his military aid Colonel Bliss returned to Cleveland and again became a factor in business circles, purchasing an interest in the Diamond Stone Quarry at Berea. A man of sound judgment and excellent business qualifications, his efforts proved an important element in the -successful control of the enterprise and also brought to him a gratifying competence. At the time of his death he was the treasurer of the Grafton Stone Company. In 1849 Colonel Bliss was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary Sweet, who passed away two years later and to whose memory he remained faithful, never marrying again. For forty years he made his home at the Kennard House and there died, being called to his final rest during the night of September 19, 1896. Death came to him unheralded and gently, as he passed from the sleep of fatigue to the eternal one without intervening consciousness. He was a very reserved man, quiet and methodical in his habits and warm-hearted and generous by nature. All who knew him-and his acquaintance was a wide one- recognized his many excellent traits of character and he was uniformly loved and respected as a good citizen and a steadfast friend. His near relatives are a nephew, Harry A. Bliss, whose biography appears on another page of this work, and Mrs. C. P. Horr, of La Grange, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago. BENJAMIN J. SAWYER. Benjamin J. Sawyer is descended in direct line from Noah Sawyer, who came from England to the new world and was the founder of the family on this side the Atlantic. His son, William Sawyer, was born in Vermont, where he spent his entire life, following the occupation of farming. His son, Noah Sawyer, was born in a little Vermont town on the bank of Lake Champlain in 1801 and died in 1873. He had come to Ohio in 1829 and settled in Bedford township, Cuyahoga county, where he followed the occupation of farming. He was one of the early settlers and had much to do with the development of the country. He cut the timber from which he built his own house and later he engaged in the canal boat business. Subsequently he purchased the Morning Star, the canal boat on the Ohio for which President Garfield acted as driver when a boy. His son, William H. Sawyer, was born in Bedford, Ohio, April 11, 1835, and died on the 17th of September, 1904. He became a wholesale butcher of Bedford and successfully carried on the busmess for a number of years, but in his later life retired. His kindly nature and spirit of assistapce ultimately caused his death. It was his habit to take across the railroad tracks a number of children who were pupils in the lower grades in order to insure their safety. While returning across the track for others he was struck by a locomotive and killed. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Morse, was a native of Bedford, Ohio, born July 1, 1844. She still survives and now lives in Collin- wood, a suburb of Cleveland. Her father, Flavel Morse, was born in Connecticut in 1806 and died in 1888. He came to Ohio about seventy-four years ago and devoted his life to the trade of shoemaking. The family history dates back to the early settlement of Connecticut and it was to this family that Samuel F. B. Morse, the founder of the telegraph, belonged. The wife of Flavel Morse belonged to the Franklin family and was reared among the Indians at Ravenna, Ohio, for the family had become residents of this state in pioneer times, at which period the red men were far more numerous than the white settlers. At the time of the Civil war William H. Sawyer responded to the country's call for troops, enlisting in 1861 as a member of C0mpany A, Twenty-third 754 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Ohio Regiment, with which he served for four years and four months under Major McKinley. He was a train master, while Major McKinley was then a quartermaster and Mr. Sawyer rode with McKinley at the battle of Antietam. After the first day of the engagement McKinley asked for volunteers to cook for him. Mr. Sawyer offered his assistance and started the next morning to feed the boys. When going down the hill one of the mules was shot by the rebels, who, having run out of billets, had made their bullets out of railroad iron. At that time Major McKinley and Mr Sawyer were riding together. They had altogether six mules. The former, (Petting down from his seat, cut out the middle team, one of which was killed, hitched up the first team to the rear team and then Mr. Sawyer drove on in a few minutes as though nothing had happened. Benjamin J. Sawyer, whose name introduces this review, was born in Bedford, Ohio, January 29, 1868. He attended the public schools of his native city until he was graduated from the high school with the class of 1885 and then entered Hiram College, from which he was graduated in 1890 with the Bachelor of Philosophy degree. In 1893 his alma mater conferred upon him the Doctor of Philosophy degree. In the meantime he had begun upon the lecture platform and for several years devoted his time to lecturing upon such popular subjects as The American Citizen, The Boy and His Drum and What is Truth. Eight years were given to that field of activity, but in the meantime he studied law and in 1898 was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts. Opening an office in Cleveland, he has since engaged in general practice and the same analytical mind and gift of oratory which made him an attractive speaker on the lecture platform have made him a logical debater in the courts. He is seldom, if ever, at error in the application of a legal principle and a retentive memory prevents him from losing sight of any point in his case. He gives to each fact its due prominence and the correctness of his application of legal principles has often excited the surprise and won the approval of his colleagues. On the 10th of June, 1890, Mr. Sawyer was united in marriage to Miss Laura Sencabaugh, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Barkwill) Sencabaugh. The children of this marriage are: Marie E.; Ruth and Esther, twins ; Ben Morse; and Marcus Myron, who was so named in honor of Marcus Hanna and Myron T. Herrick, the former being elected state senator and the latter governor in the year of his birth, while at the same time Mr. Sawyer was chosen to the legislature. In politics Mr. Sawyer is a stalwart republican and has been a delegate to various conventions of his party, while in 1904 he was elected to the state legislature. He attends the Disciples church but is a member of no clubs or societies, being very domestic in his tastes and preferring to devote his time to the pleasures of his own household. REV. JOHN FRANCIS McINERNEY. The Rev. John Francis McInerney, pastor of St. Mary's Church of the Annunciation at Cleveland, Ohio, was born in Danbury, Connecticut, June 1, 1873, a son of Daniel and Catherine (O'Gorman) McInerney. Daniel McInerney, his father, was born in Kilballyowen, County Clare, Ireland, in 1849, a son of John and Margaret (Haugh) McInerney. His mother, Catherine (O'Gorman) McInerney, daughter of Patrick and Bridget (McMahon) O'Gorman, was born in Moveen, County Clare, Ireland, in 1852. The parents of the priest prized education highly and gave special attention to the training of their children. Every opportunity was afforded each of them not only in the common studies but in the higher branches of education and in music. Five of the daughters are accomplished musicians. One son, Daniel, com- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 757 pleted a three-year course of study at Niagara University. The parents of Father McInerney can both speak and write the Irish language. Daniel McInerney came to the United States when only sixteen and settled in Danbury, Connecticut, where he became eventually a manufacturer of stiff and soft hats. There he married Catherine O'Gorman and she bore him fourteen children, twelve of whom are living. Two of Father McInerney's paternal uncles, the Rev. Thomas McInerney and Rev. Michael McInerney, were in the priesthood in Ireland. The family born to Daniel McInerney and wife consisted of nine daughters and five sons, those other than Father McInerney being: Margaret, Bridget, Catherine, Patrick, Mary, Daniel, Josephine, Elizabeth, Louise, Agnes, Edward, Cecilia and Ambrose. Patrick died with pneumonia at the age of two years. Mary died at the age of nine with pneumonia. Father McInerney is the third oldest in the family and the eldest of the boys. The youngest boy, Ambrose, is now preparing himself for the holy priesthood in St. Thomas' Preparatory Seminary at Hartford, Connecticut. Daniel and Edward are engaged with their father in the manufacture of stiff and soft hats. Father McInerney began his studies in the South Centre District public school in his native town. He entered St. Peter's parochial school when it opened there for the first time in September, 1886, and was graduated from that institution in June, 1888. He has the honor of being the first parochial schoolboy to take the entrance examination from St. Peter's parochial school to the Danbury high school and passed with a very high average, thereby entitling him to free access to the Danbury public library at that time. In September, 1888, he entered the Danbury high school and graduated with high honors in June, 1891. In September, 1891, he went to Niagara University, Niagara county, New York, and finished the collegiate course there in two years, graduating in June, 1893. Entering the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels of Niagara University the following September, he studied philosophy for one year and in September, 1894, went to the Grand Seminary of Philosophy at Montreal, Canada, where he completed the second year of his philosophical course. He then spent two years in the Grand Seminary of Theology at Montreal in the study of sacred theology. In September, 1897, he returned to the Seminary of Our Lady of Angels, Niagara University, Niagara county, New York, and finished the remaining two years of his theological course. On May 27, 1899, he was ordained priest in St. Joseph's Cathedral at Buffalo, New York, by the Rt. Rev. James Edward Quigley, D. D., then bishop of the Buffalo diocese, now archbishop of Chicago. He said his first mass May 28, 1899, at the seminary, and the following Sunday said his first public solemn high mass in St. Peter's church at Danbury, Connecticut, his home town. Rev. Henry J. Lynch, the rector of St. Peter's church, preached a memorable and impressive sermon at the mass. Father McInerney was the first parochial schoolboy ordained priest at that time in Danbury, Connecticut. On June 9, 1899, he was appointed by the Rt. Rev. Ignatius F. Horstmann, D. D., then bishop of the Cleveland diocese, pastor pro-tempore of the Church of SS. Peter and Paul at Doylestown, Ohio, remaining there until July 5th, when he came to Cleveland, Ohio, and was appointed assistant to the Rt. Rev. Mgr. T. P. Thorpe, pastor of the Church of the Immaculate Conception. In June, 1901, he was transferred to Youngstown, Ohio, where he became assistant to the Rev. Edward Mears at St. Columba's, but within a month he was made pastor of St. Joseph Calasanctius' church at Jefferson, Ohio, with charge of South Thompson as a mission. While in charge of Jefferson he made 'extensive repairs on the church property and also at the South Thompson mission. He remodeled and practically built anew the present beautiful pastoral residence at Jefferson. Here he labored for two years and three months or until October 4, 1903, when he was transferred to the pastorate of Holy Angels' church at Sandusky, Ohio. Here, as elsewhere, he worked zealously and most successfully for three years and three months. 758 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND On January 5, 1907, he received his appointment to St. Mary's Church of the Annunciation in this city. The church edifice is a large stone and brick structure and seats nine hundred people. The congregation is English speaking. The pastoral residence and school are built of wood. There are one hundred and seventy-five school children, taught by four Sisters of The Holy Humility of Mary Community. Father McInerney has various church organizations and societies and believes in them to interest and advance his people. He is an eloquent speaker and is often called upon to make addresses upon special occasions. Energetic, scholarly and understanding his people and their needs, he ministers to them in a way to win their love and make his influence felt for their good. F. B. GUINAN. F. B. Guinan, engaged in the real-estate and insurance business, in which field he has operated independently since 1906, was born in Manchester, Michigan, in 1872, and is a graduate of the high school of that city. His education completed, he turned his attention to railroad interests as a telegraph operator and ticket agent, representing the Lake Shore Railroad Company for three years in those capacities at various places. For a decade he was connected with the Nickel Plate Railroad Company and spent three years of that time as agent and telegraph operator at the Euclid avenue station. He felt that his efforts and opportunities were circumscribed, however, in that field and desiring to enter business which would give him broader scope for his energy and industry— his dominant qualities—he turned his attention to real estate and has been operating along general lines since 1906. He has secured a good clientage that has enabled him to place various investments and control many sales and he annually writes a large amount of insurance. In 1901 Mr. Guinan was married to Miss Madeline Cashen, a native of Cleveland, and they now have three daughters, Mary, Alice and Eileen, aged respectively six, four and two years. Mr. and Mrs. Guinan are members of St. Thomas church. H. F. BIGGAR, M. D. Dr. H. F. Biggar, widely known in connection with the science of medicine as practitioner, educator, and author, his wide research and superior attainments in this direction carrying him into important professional relations, was born in Oakville, Ontario. Canada, on the 15th of March, 1839. In a volume entitled "Scottish Queens" is given an account of the early ancestry of the family, mention being made of Flamingus, a Flemish 'man who flourished in 1140 and was commonly known as Baldwin De Biggar, and Hugh of Biggar was his son. Sir Nicholas De Biggar flourished in 1292 and the lairds of Biggar held high offices of great dignity in the royal household of Scotland. In the reign of Charles II Major Biggar was named a royal commissioner to investigate the charge of witchcraft against certain people. Coming down to more modern times, it is found that Robert Biggar, grandfather of Dr. Biggar, was born in Dumfries, Scotland, and was educated for the ministry of the Scottish church. He wedded Mary Lawder, and they became parents of seven children. Leaving the land of hills and heather, of mountain peak and glen and lake, the Rev. Robert Biggar crossed the Atlantic to Queenston, Ontario, Canada, and it was there that Hamilton Biggar was born in the year 1806. A subsequent removal established the family at Mount Pleasant, near Brantford, Canada. Hamilton Biggar supplemented his literary education HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 759 by preparation for the ministry and for many years was classed as a prominent clergyman of the Pesleyan Methodist church. He married Eliza Phelps Racey, a daughter of James Racey, Esquire, of Brantford, and unt0 them were born ten children. Dr. Hamilton Fisk Biggar, the fourth in order of birth in this family, entered the public schools at the usual age and pursued his studies until he had reached his twelfth year, when he entered upon an apprenticeship to a merchant. He soon realized the need and value of further education, however, and continued his studies in the grammar school at Brantford. Several years were then devoted to the completion of his education, after which he again became identified with mercantile interests but did not find the business congenial and began preparation for a professional career. Knowing that broad literary kn0wledge served as a foundation for any special line of professional work, he pursued a classical course in the University of Victoria, from which he was graduated in 1863 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Immediately afterward he took up the study of law in the office and under the direction of John Cameron, Esquire, of Brantford, and passed his primary examination in law at Osgood Hall, Toronto. Becoming convinced, however, that practice in the courts was not a suitable profession for him, he turned his attention to medicine and, coming to Cleveland in 1864, matriculated as a student in the Homeopathic College. Following his graduation he gained broad, practical experience as well as theoretical knowledge in the leading hospitals of New York and Philadelphia and in July, 1866, returned to Cleveland to enter upon active practice in this city. For forty-three years Dr. Biggar has now been numbered among the representatives of the medical fraternity of this city and his activity, his comprehensive knowledge and his wide research into scientific lines have gained him eminence and brought him success in large measure. He not only keeps in touch with the most advanced thought of the profession but also contributes thereto many valuable and original ideas which have left their impress upon the practical work of the profession. For seven years he occupied the position of professor of anatomy and clinical surgery in the Cleveland Homeopathic College and was then elected to the professorship of clinical surgery and operations. In the Cleveland University of Medicine and Surgery, formerly the Homeopathic Hospital College, Dr. Biggar occupied the chair of surgical diseases of woman and clinical surgery. For two consecutive years he was offered the chair of surgery in the homeopathic department of the University of Michigan. In addition to a large private practice he has done important work in public connections, acting for many years as a member of the medical staff of the Huron Street Hospital and also as president of the Academy of Medicine and Surgery. That he has not sought official honors in connection with the profession is indicated in the fact that when at Brighton Beach, in 1881, he was nominated for the presidency of the American Institute of Homeopathy, he declined to be a candidate for the office, preferring to be a useful member of the ranks rather than to enjoy the highest official preferment. He is an honorary member of different medical societies and was for eleven years the physician of the Cleveland Porkhouse and during his early practice was surgeon to the Cleveland Grays, the leading military organization of the city, but owing to the increasing demands of his professional life resigned. Dr. Biggar has always stood prominently for advancement in the line of medical education, believing in and holding the highest standards before the profession and that every representative of the profession should reach the acme of attainment for him in knowledge and practice. He has been a frequent contributor to medical literature upon surgical topics and his writings have been eagerly read and in many instances closely followed by the profession. Practical results of his work for the advancement of medical education are seen in the successful Training School for Nurses and the Maternity Home and the once flourishing Round Table Club. For ten years he was dean of the Training School 760 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND for Nurses of the Huron Street Hospital. In 1892 his alma mater conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree and in 1893 that of Doctor of Laws. In June, 1895, in consequence of the increasing and imperative demands of his practice, Dr. Biggar was forced to withdraw from active connection with the University of Medicine and Surgery, on which occasion its board of trustees and also the board of censors adopted highly complimentary resolutions recounting his distinguished and valuable services and expressing regret at his withdrawal. Dr. Biggar's social relations have extended to the Union, Roadside and Country Clubs, of which he is an honored and valued representative. He assumed the responsibilities of home life when on the 25th of February, 1870, he wedded Miss Sue Miles Brooks, of Columbus, Ohio, and the marriage has been blessed with four children : Rachel Racey, Hamilton Fisk, William Brooks and Sue Racey. The Doctor and his family are of the Episcopal faith and are prominent in the social circles of this city. It is well that he finds enjoyment and interest in his profession, for his duties in that connection leave him little leisure for outside interests or associations. In a calling where advancement depends entirely upon individual merit he has gained high rank, having long been numbered among the eminent physicians and surgeons, medical educators and authors of Cleveland. MARTIN FRIEDRICH, M. D. Dr. Martin Friedrich, a medical practitioner and educator whose broad humanitarianism is evidenced in the splendid work which he ,pas done as health officer of Cleveland, was born May 11, 1855, near Passau, Bavaria. His father, Joseph Friedrich, was a glass manufacturer, owning and operating a glass factory near Passau, where he died in 1878 at the age of sixty-nine years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Therese Bauer, came to America in 1886, following the death of her husband, and made her home here until she was called to her final rest in 1898, when eighty-six years of age. Dr. Friedrich entered the primary school at the age of six years and there continued his studies until twelve years of age, when he became a pupil in the Latin school of Passau and at sixteen-years of age entered the gymnasium. Four years later he matriculated in the University of Munich and studied languages and literature for three years, and then went to Paris, where he took up the study of French literature at the Sorbonne and the Bibliotheque Nationale, where he remained for three years. In 1882 he came to America to see the country and was s0 well pleased with its condition and its opportunities that he determined to remain and make it his future home. Accordingly he located in Crawford county, Pennsylvania, near Meadville, and sent for his mother, brothers and sisters, who joined him and have also remained here. Dr. Friedrich first engaged in the lumber business in Pennsylvania and also followed farming, the two branches claiming his time and energies until the spring of 1892, when he came t0 Cleveland and entered the medical department of the Pestern Reserve University, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in 1894. He spent the following year in the City Hospital, where he added to his theoretical training broad practical experience. He then went to Europe and spent two years in further study in Frankfort on the Mam, Vienna, Berlin and Paris and in 1897 returned to the United States, establishing himself for practice in Cleveland. Here he has given special attention to internal medicine and diagnosis, and his thorough preliminary training and marked ability have carried him into important professional relations. Upon his return here in 1897 he became associated with the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons as a lecturer on internal medicine and diagnosis and for the past three years has been professor of those branches. In his educational work he has given his attention principally to communicable HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 763 diseases and in the clinic to diseases of the heart and lungs. Since 1901 he has been health officer of the city of Cleveland and is also consulting physician t0 the City Hospital and to the Parrensville Sanitarium. His researches have been broad and deep, and he has further kept in touch with the advanced thought of the profession through his membership in the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Association, the American Medical Association, the American Society for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis and also of the city and state societies for the same. He likewise belongs to the American Public Health Association, the American School Hygiene Association, the American and Ohio Health Committees and various other scientific organizations. Dr. Friedrich is a lover of literature and the languages, to which studies he devoted his youth, and is recognized as a talented and accomplished linguist. He is now the president of the German Literary Society of Cleveland, of which he became a charter member and in which he has always been very active. He was also a member of the Alliance Francaise, the French literary society of Cleveland, for over two years, but had no time to continue his work in connection therewith. He is now devoting much time to the public good as health officer of Cleveland and in this connection his labors have been of acknowledged worth and value. Under his direction there has been established a bacteriological laboratory, daily school inspection, meat inspection and dairy inspection. At the time that he took the office there had been one epidemic following another, including smallpox, scarlet fever, diphtheria and typhoid fever, but since 1905 the city has enjoyed an unprecedented season of health. He has demanded the renovation of lodging houses, the inspection of bake shops and all manufacturing plants and has required the enforcement of the law concerning sanitary conditions in these as well as in street cars and other public places. These movements and lines of work were among the new departures that Dr. Friedrich introduced and though he met with much opposition at first from individuals and corporations, the city as a whole and the newspapers supported him strongly and all of the difficulties and obstacles in his path were overcome and the healthfulness of the city has been increased to a large percentage. Dr. Friedrich is now uniformly conceded to be the best health officer Cleveland has ever had and his efforts in this direction have won him the respect, admiration and approbation of all of the people of Cleveland. In non-professional relations Dr. Friedrich is also well known. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and in Masonry has attained the Knight Templar degree, belonging to Forest City Commandery. He likewise belongs to the Schlaraffia, a German literary society, and is interested at all times in those movements which promote mental development, especially in the line of literary culture. HARRY A. JACKSON. Harry A. Jackson, vice president and treasurer of the Standard Iron & Steel Company, was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, July 10, 1873. His father, William M. Jackson, a retired merchant, was born April 1, 1846, and was a son of William M. and Mary (Scott) Jackson, the family of English and Scotch origin. The mother of our subject, Mrs. Laura Jackson, was a daughter of Harry and Eliza Schafer, who were of German birth and lived in Waynesburg, Ohio. In the public schools of his native city and of Ravenna, Ohio, Harry A. Jackson pursued his education and after leaving school entered the furniture business, to which he devoted one year. He afterward became an employee of the Mahoning Valley Iron Company at Youngstown in the position of assistant shipping clerk at the plate mill, there remaining for six years during which time he was 764 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND promoted through intermediate positions to that of office manager. Later he was made traveling salesman and so continued until 1899, when he came to Cleveland as assistant sales agent for the Republic Iron & Steel Company, which had absorbed the Mahoning Valley Iron Company. Additional responsibilities were given to him in his further promotion in 1900 to the position of purchasing agent for eight mills of the company, with headquarters at Youngstown and in that capacity he remained for two years, on the expiration of which period he left the Republic Company to go to Pittsburg and take charge of the 0ffice there of the firm of Naylor & Company. He resigned that position in 1903 to assist in the formation of the Standard Iron & Steel Company, being elected its first secretary, while subsequently he was chosen vice president and treasurer, coming to his present position in January, 1908. His business is of an important character, his experience and the responsibilities of former years constituting the equipment which qualified him for his present place, where he is now giving his attention to organization, to constructive efforts and administrative direction. Mr. Jackson is popular as a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Lakewood Yacht Club. His political views are in harmony with the principles that constitute the republican platform, but he does not feel bound by party ties at local elections where no issue is involved. Outside of business hours he enjoys tennis, motoring, boating, hunting and fishing, but allows no sports to interfere with the close attention necessary for the successful management of business affairs. He finds delight in the correct solution of intricate problems and in planning for the enlargement and development of the trade interests of the Standard Iron & Steel Company. MICHAEL A. FANNING. Michael A. Fanning was born in Cleveland, August 26, 1857. His parents came to the city from Ireland in 1851. Michael Fanning, Sr., was a pork packer and was the first to be engaged in that business in Cleveland. He died in 1870, a comparatively young man. M. A. Fanning received only a common-school education at St. Patrick's parish school, but graduated from "the university of the printing office" and at twenty-one was a newspaper correspondent at Columbus. A year later he was employed in St. Louis on the Republic and later went to the Post-Dispatch, which had just been organized by Joseph Pulitzer as his first English newspaper venture. At twenty-five Mr. Fanning was city editor of the St. Louis Globe- Democrat. He was a political correspondent in a number of western states for that paper. In 1885 Mr. Fanning wedded Miss Octavia Dix, daughter of a well known cotton factor of New Orleans. At that time he had become private secretary of Mayor David R. Francis. He occupied a -similar position when Mr. Francis was elected governor of Missouri. In 1891 Mr. Fanning established the St. Louis Mirror., a brilliant weekly journal still ably edited by his associate writer of that period, William Marion Reedy. In 1893 Mr. Fanning left St. Louis as a part owner in an advertising organization which he was connected with and for which he prepared newspaper matter until i898. During the four years preceding that date he had made his headquarters at Cleveland and thus resumed residence in his home city. In 1899 he was made secretary of the Municipal Association, of which Professor Harry A. Garfield, now of Princeton University, was president, and in a memorable mayoralty campaign contributed towards the defeat of Mayor McKisson and the election of John H. Farley. In 1900 Mr. Fanning engaged with the Barber Asphalt Paving Company as state agent and later assumed also the agencies for the states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Missouri. In 1902 Mr. Fanning conceived the idea of promoting a steam belt line railway around the city and worked steadily upon the plan until the Cleveland Short Line HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 767 Railway was organized, of which he became president. This enterprise was adopted by the New York Central Railway Company and was built at an expense of about ten to twelve million dollars. No one can estimate the value to Cleveland of this project, as it revolutionized the methods of freight delivery and placed every factory m Cleveland where it could receive rapid freight accommodations. Before its advent freight within the city often lay for from ten days to three weeks before it could be placed. In 1903 Mr. Fanning organized and became president of the Forest City Street Railway, which introduced, through the efforts of Mayor Tom L. Johnson, a three-cent fare in Cleveland. The history of the Forest City Street Railway for the next five years was one of the most picturesque and remarkable in the annals of street railway warfare in American cities. It was the instrument with which Tom L. Johnson brought the old street railway company to terms and around its activities clusters the entire record of the four administrations of Mr. Johnson as mayor. Mr. Fanning was during this time very closely associated with Mr. Johnson in business and social life. After leaving the Barber Asphalt Paving Company in 1906, Mr. Fanning continued a paving busmess of his own with the Standard Paving Company and for a number of years has confined his attention to construction work. He built a section of the Franklin & Clearfield Railway in Venango county, Pennsylvania. He has always been active in social, religious and charitable activities. He is a trustee of the Goodrich Social Settlement, a member of the committee on benevolent institutions of the Chamber of Commerce, of which body he is a seat member, and a director of the Associated Charities. He was the organizer and first president of the Catholic Federation of Cleveland and one of the organizers and directors of the National Catholic Church Extension Society. Mr. and Mrs. Fanning have three children, two daughters and a son. FRANK L. KUHN. Frank L. Kuhn, admitted to the bar in June, 1889, and practicing in Cleveland since 1892, has gained a large clientage of a distinctively representative character. He was born in Northfield, Ohio, November 9, 1863, and traces his ancestry back to Adam Kuhn, who came from Holland to America in the year 1740. He left his native country in 1700 but the ship was captured in the siege of Derry and he was taken to Ireland, where he remained for forty years ere he resumed his westward way to the new world. He was a wine merchant. The paternal grandfather, Archibald Kuhn, was born in East Liberty, Pennsylvania, in 1782 and died in 1829. He was a farmer by occupation and a man of prominence in community affairs. He served in the war of 1812 as captain of a company of dragoons in the cavalry service. Soon after the close of the war he was elected to represent his district in the state legislature on the democratic ticket and served for four terms, taking active part in framing the early laws of the state. His son, Major William H. Kuhn, was born in East Liberty, Pennsylvania, March 22, 1813, and was also prominent in the early life of Pennsylvania, where he served on the governor's staff in 1839-40. His early life was given to farming and later he became a merchant. In 1842 he removed to Ohio and for many years was a resident of Northfield. He wedded Mary Elder, who was born in Blairsville, Pennsylvania, and was descended from ancestors who came from Scotland in 1730. Her father, Robert Elder, who was born in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1785, made farming his life work and defended the American interests in the war of 1812, passing away in 1838. The death of Major William Kuhn occurred February 24, 1894, and his wife, surviving about two years, died January 27, 1896. In the district schools near Northfield, Ohio, Frank L. Kuhn pursued his education to the age of thirteen years, when he entered the Western Reserve 768 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Academy, from which he was graduated in 1883. He completed the classical course in Adelbert College in 1887, at which time the Bachelor of Arts degree was conferred upon him, while in 1894 he received the Master of Arts degree from the same institution. He studied law with Judge P. C. Ong, of Cleveland, and after his admission to the bar in June, 1889, practiced for three years in Tacoma, Pashington, after which he returned to this city and has since been a member of its legal fraternity. He does not specialize in any particular department but gives his attention to general practice and the court records chronicle many notable cases which he has won. On the 1st of October, 1905, Mr. Kuhn was married to Miss Millie P. Phillips, of Cleveland. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and is a republican in his political views. He was formerly active in the work of the party and served as mayor of Bedford from 1894 until 1896, but his relation to the public at the present time is principally -that of a lawyer who is making substantial progress in his profession, fully upholding its dignity and the high standing of a calling which has ever been regarded as the conservator of human rights and liberties. LEVI TUCKER SCOFIELD. The development of his native powers through wide research, investigation and broad experience, has led Levi Tucker Scofield into important public relations as an architect and engineer. He was born in Cleveland, November 9, 1842, his parents being William and Mary (Coon) Scofield. The name was originally spelled Schofield but in 1852 the father and uncles of L. T. Scofield decided to drop the h, although the letter is still occasionally used in legal documents. In the public schools of his native city L. T. Scofield pursued his education and then took up the study of architecture and engineering. In 1860 he removed to Cincinnati and continued his studies but following the inauguration of hostilities between the north and the south he returned to his native city and offered his services to the goverment, being assigned to the First Regiment of Ohio Light Artillery. Phen his first term had expired he was commissioned second lieutenant in the One Hundred and Third Ohio Infantry, later rose to the rank of first lieutenant in February, 1863, and in November, 1864, was promoted to the captaincy. His skill as an engineer was frequently brought into requisition during his military service and from June, 1863, until June. 1865, he did duty exclusively as an engineer officer. In 1862 he was with his regiment in Kentucky and the following year was assigned to staff duty and accompanied General Burnside to east Tennessee, where he took part in the siege of Knoxville and the repulse of Longstreet. The following year he participated in the Atlanta campaign under General Sherman and in the Franklin and Nashville campaign under General Scofield. In 1865 he did active duty in North Carolina, being present at the capture of Raleigh and the surrender of General Johnston. His military duty was often of a most arduous nature but throughout the entire period of civil strife he manifested an unwavering loyalty to the Union. When the country no longer needed his aid, Captain Scofield returned to the north to make permanent location in Cleveland and here as the years have passed he has gained distinction as an architect, sculptor and engineer. The extent and importance of his work is the best indication of his pronounced skill and ability in these directions. Since 1867 he has been engaged in the construction of many of the public buildings 0f Cleveland: In that year he erected the Cleveland House of Correction ; 1869, the Athens and Columbus Asylums for the Insane; in 1871, the Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home at Xenia, Ohio; in 1870, the Raleigh Penitentiary ; in 1878, the Cleveland Central high school ; and in 1884, the Mansfield Reformatory. In 1901 he erected the Schofield building in Cleveland, of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 771 which he is both architect and owner. This is one of the fine modern structures of the city, being two hundred feet in height to the top of the tower. It is a fourteen-story building, containing four hundred and twenty-nine offices, while the first floor is used for stores and the basement for a machinery hall and coal depot. These various buildings are the highest expression of the art of a builder and architect and for more than four decades Mr. Scofield has now figured as one of the most prominent representatives of the profession in Ohio. As enduring evidence of his skill and ability in this line and of the spirit of patriotism which is one of his strong characteristics may be seen the Cuyahoga county Soldiers' and Sailors' monument, which adorns the public square of Cleveland, of which he was both the architect and sculptor. The esplanade is one hundred feet square, the tablet room forty feet square and the height to the top of the crowning figure of liberty is one hundred and twenty-five feet. The building is of black Quincy granite and the shaft is of the same material polished, while the esplanade is of red Medina stone. There are over one hundred tons of cast bronze in the statuary, doors, grills, etc., and the names of ten thousand soldiers are engraved upon the tablets. To the work of designing and building the monument, which was completed in 1894, Mr. Scofield devoted seven and a half years without compensation, and when the county commissioners refused their cooperation he sacrificed his private fortune in order to defray the expense, the total cost being three hundred and fourteen thousand, five hundred dollars, of which two hundred and fifty-seven thousand dollars was paid by the county, while fifty-seven thousand, five hundred dollars was paid by Mr. Scofield. Before the monument could be erected it was involved in litigation, which extended over two years. Instigated by the street railroads and the opposition of the public press, who were antagonistic to its erection in the public square, individuals enjoined the commission in the courts and the fight was carried first to the supreme court of the state and then to the United States court, in both of which the decisions of the lower courts were reversed. The monument is today one of the most attractive features of adornment in the city and is a matter of civic pride to the great majority of citizens. At Kingsville, Ohio, on the 26th of June, 1867, Mr. Scofield was married to Miss Elizabeth C. Pright, a daughter of Marshall and Sarah Pright, and unto them were born four sons and a daughter : William Marshall, Sherman P. and Douglas F., all of whom are associated with their father in business ; and Harriet E., at home. The other son, Donald C. Scofield, was an architect and was first lieutenant of the Engineer Battalion of the Ohio National Guard. He was about to be made captain when killed in a railway wreck, March 3, 1905, en route with the battalion to President Roosevelt's inauguration, when thirty years of age., Mr. Scofield is a member of the military orders of the Loyal Legion and the Grand Army of the Republic, and is a fellow of the American Institute of Architects. He is a man of vigorous mental processes, readily grasping the most abstruse problems in connection with his profession and reducing them to a basis of simplicity. Many difficulties have been surmounted by his resolute, self-reliant and indefatigable energy. DANIEL H. POND. Daniel H. Pond, vice president and general manager of the Economy Building & Loan Company, was born in Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania, March i 1, 1870. The Pond family were among the early Puritan settlers of New England and came of English ancestry. Daniel Pond, the grandfather of our subject, was a native of Connecticut but, leaving that section of the country in which his ancestors had located and in which successive generations of his family had lived, he made his way to Pennsylvania. It was in Townville, that state, that 772 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Henry Herbert Pond, the father of our subject, was born. He became a physician and surgeon, completing his preparation for the profession by graduation from the Cleveland Homeopathic College. He married Maria M. Gates, a daughter of Daniel Gates and a cousin of General Chaffee of the United States army. Daniel H. Pond was educated in the district schools of Trumbull county, in the public schools of Cleveland and in Allegheny College. Phen his course was completed he sought and secured employment in a factory at Painesville, Ohio, where he remained for a year. He next came to Cleveland and became connected with the Cleveland Baking Company as driver and later as purchasing agent. When he had acted in the latter capacity for a year, he became a member of the Seventh Cavalry, U. S. A., with which he was connected for a year. He later became express messenger for the Adams Express Company and next entered the real-estate and insurance business, continuing in that field for two years. In 1894 he became connected with the Economy Building & Loan Company as manager and in 1907 was elected vice president in recognition of the excellent service which he had previously rendered. He is also senior member of the insurance firm of Pond Brothers, in which connection he represents the Agricultural, the Capital of New Hampshire, the National of Hartford, the National of New Hampshire, the Northern of England, the Royal of England and the Royal Exchange Life Insurance Companies. Next to his business, which perforce claims the major part of his time, Mr. Pond gives his attention to his family and there his interest and happiness center. He was married May 17, 1891, to Ola Clark, a daughter of Silas Clark, of Holmes county, Ohio. The Clark family are descended from one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. Mr. and Mrs. Pond have one son, Ralph, who is a graduate of the East high school and is with his parents at their home in Euclid, Ohio. Mr. Pond is fond of boating, hunting and horesback riding and those pastimes constitute his chief source of recreation. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, gives his political allegiance to the republican party and holds to the religious faith of the Methodist church. Socially he is connected with the Knights of Pythias and belongs to the Military Order of Foreign Wars and to the Military and Naval Order of the Spanish-American Par. Although a young man, he has gained a substantial place and belongs to that class of representative American citizens who, in advancing individual interests, also contribute to the general good. WILLIAM S. WADE. One of the predominating influences of the age is that of specialization. Nearly all men seem to see and realize how much more can be accomplished through concerted effort and cooperation and it is seldom, therefore, that any great task is _accomplished or an attempt made to accomplish by a single individual. In recognition of this fact has grown up the Cleveland Stock Exchange, now an important element in the city's business life and its commercial expansion. William S. Wade is well known as secretary of the exchange, in which connection he has done important service. He was born in New York city, November 13, 1858. His father, William Pade, was a native of England and after coming to America engaged in business as. a machinist. Following his emigration to the western world he also spent a number of years on sugar plantations in Cuba. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Elizabeth Selleck, was a daughter of William and Mary Ann (Benjamin) Selleck. William S. Wade, entering the public schools, passed through consecutive grades until he became a high-school student in South Norwalk, Connecticut. When his school days were over he accepted a clerkship in a clothing store and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 773 subsequently was connected with a hat manufacturing business as foreman of the manufacturing department. Removing westward to Norwalk, Ohio, he was there in the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company for two years and became station agent of the Pheeling & Lake Erie Railroad at Norwalk, serving in that capacity until 1894, when, continuing in the railway service, he came to Cleveland as freight agent for the Cleveland, Lorain & Pheeling Railway Company. He occupied that position for four years and was then promoted to treasurer and paymaster of the company until its consolidation with the Baltimore & Ohio Railway System in 1902. Pith the latter company he went to the city of Baltimore and spent six months in the treasurer's office but at the end of that time returned to Cleveland and was appointed secretary of the Cleveland Stock Exchange, in which capacity he has since served. His comprehensive understanding of the duties that devolve upon him in this connection and the thoroughness with which he has informed himself concerning all matters relative to the exchange have made him popular with its members and rendered his service of great value to the organization. In his political views Mr. Wade is a stalwart republican where questions of broad political interest are involved but at local elections he takes little account of party ties, regarding more fully the capability of the candidate. He belongs to the Episcopal church and is interested in all manly athletics and outdoor sports, especially baseball. His home life at No. 1974 East One Hundred and Sixteenth street is the expression of happy married relations. On the 17th of September, 1889, he wedded Miss William M. Knox, a daughter of Crawford and Margaret (Shields) Knox, of Norwalk. Ohio. Mrs. Wade is very active in church work and in ladies' societies and her influence and labors are always of an elevating character. The only child of this marriage is Harry Knox, a graduate of the Central high school and of the Case School of Applied Science. ALBERT EUSEVIUS DUNNING. Albert Eusevius Dunning, senior partner of the law firm of Dunning, Knight & Eagleson, with a large clientele that is indicative of high standing at the bar, was born in Cambridge, Ohio, November 20, 1868. His father, Joseph L. Dunning, was a native of Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, born January 14, 1828. The grandfather, Robert Damning, was born in Pennsylvania in 1798, made farming his life work and died in Cambridge, Ohio, in 1871. The family is of Scotch-Irish descent and the paternal grandmother was a native of the Emerald isle. Joseph L. Dunning devoted his life to general agricultural pursuits and came to Ohio in 1835, aiding materially in the development of the county in which he lived through his close connection with farming interests. He died August 18, 1901, and is still survived by his widow, who bore the maiden name of Anna E. Newman. She was born in Cambridge, Ohio, July 3, 1849, and is living in Byesville, this state. Her father, Eusevius H. Newman, was born in Maryland in 1819, followed farming as a life work and died in March, 1897. At the time of the discovery of gold in California, Joseph L. Dunning made his way to the Pacific coast and was quite fortunate in his business ventures there, returning with considerable money.. He was also prominent in community affairs and served as sheriff of his county. After about eighteen years' residence in the Golden state, he returned to Ohio in 1867. Albert E. Dunning attended the public schools of Cambridge, Ohio, and the high school at Byesville, from which he was graduated in 1889. In the meantime he had engaged in teaching for three years, entering upon that work before he reached the age of sixteen. Later he pursued a commercial course in Xenia, Ohio, and in the year 1889-90 he again engaged in teaching. From 1891 until 1894 he was a teacher in the Grand River Institute in Ashtabula, Ohio, acting as principal of the commercial department. Phile there he read law with the intention of making its practice his life work, and in the fall of 1894 he matriculated in the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1896. In March of the following year he was admitted to the Ohio bar and practiced alone in the office of E. J. Pinney of Cleveland until the fall of 1897, when he entered into partnership relations under the firm style of Gibbons, Dunning & Tracy. This was continued for three years and in 1900 became Dunning, Tracy & Morrow, which association was maintained for four years. Mr. Dunning was then alone in practice from 1904 until 1906, when the firm of Dunning & Knight was formed and at a recent date Mr. Eagleson joined the partnership. Mr. Dunning has always engaged in general practice and has been connected with a number of notable cases. In his professional capacity he was instrumental in securing the discharge of a minor, who enlisted for service in the Spanish-American war, unknown to his parents, who are prominent Cleveland people. The boy went to Fort Sheridan, where he had an attack of fever and as soon as he had recovered, left for Canada under an assumed name. He was ill and homesick and from there wrote to a brother in Cleveland. Mr. Dunning took the matter up and went to Detroit to meet the boy. He obtained letters from various parties to those whose words might have weight in the case, including some to President McKinley. He then went before the war department of Washington for a hearing before the adjutant general, who agreed to grant him a discharge if the boy would give himself up to some barracks. Phile much above such work, the boy had taken a position in a baker shop in Detroit. Admiral Schley's son was at the head of the barracks at Columbus, Ohio, where the boy gave himself up. Mr. Dunning then made Schley's office his headquarters and in sixty days an order was received by wire from Washington to discharge the boy. The parents had been very much afraid of execution for their boy and greatly appreciated his release. The case in all of its various legal phases was a most interesting one. Mr. Dunning has an extensive practice and in a professional capacity has traveled all over the west, having eight times visited the Pacific coast in the last seven years. Thoroughly conversant with the law, his ability is attested by the large clientage accorded him and by the important nature of the cases which he has represented. He is an able corporation attorney and is financially interested in about twenty corporations, of which he is also the legal representative. He is attorney for Phitworth Brothers, publishers, and for many important business concerns, and is attorney for and one of the directors of the Robinson Brothers Fuel Company. On the 10th of January, 1900, Mr. Dunning was married to Miss Mary Craft, by whom he has two children, Donald Albert and Clara Bernice. Mr. Dunning votes with the republican party but is not active as a worker in its ranks. He takes, however, an active part in the work of the Highland Congregational church and is serving as a member of its board of trustees and also as president of the Highland Brotherhood, a men's organization of the church. He belongs to the Knights of Pythias and to the National Union but is not a club.. man, and society in the usually accepted sense of the term has little attraction for him. He is, however, appreciative of congenial companionship and holds friendship inviolable. CHARLES P. SALEN. Charles P. Salen, clerk of courts, is one of the alert and energetic leaders in democratic ranks in Cleveland and there are many tangible evidences of his devotion to the party and his loyalty to the public welfare. There is too strong a tendency at the present time among successful business men to regard politics as something which is not to them a matter of concern. Mr. Salen, however, as HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 777 every true American citizen should do, recognizes the obligations as well as the privileges of citizenship and has been an active worker in many movements of reform and progress that have been accomplished through the democratic party in Cleveland. His life record began at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, on the 5th of December, 1860, and in 1866 was brought to Cleveland by his parents, Mr. and Mrs. Peter Salen, the father becoming the pioneer photographer on the west side of the city. He was a native of northwestern Germany and in his youth crossed the Atlantic to America, becoming a resident of Boston, Massachusetts, where he resided until his removal to Portsmouth, New Hampshire. He married Miss Fredericka Pyx, a native of Reims, France, who died in 1874. The children of this marriage were: Louis, who died at the age of twenty-two years ; Matilda J.; Charlotte ; and Charles P. As a pupil in the public schools Charles P. Salen passed through successive grades to his graduation from the high school with the class of 1878. In 1874 he entered Concordia College at Fort Payne, Indiana, and pursued his studies there for one year. Early in his career he became identified with newspaper interests, entering the office of the old Pest Side Sentinel in 1880 and severing his connection therewith only when he felt that his capital and experience justified him in engaging in business on his own account. He then formed a partnership with E. M. Heisley and established a weekly democratic paper. Upon being elected city clerk in 1883 he disposed of his paper but in 1885 he began the publication of the Graphic, which he conducted for two years. He then sold his paper for he had again been elected to the office of city clerk. He was but twenty-two years of age when first called to the position, being the youngest man ever elected to office in Cleveland. From the time he attained his majority Mr. Salen was an active worker in democratic ranks. He was one of the organizers of the Young Men's Democratic League of Cleveland, which was composed almost entirely of men who were in that year to cast their first vote. He served the league both as president and secretary and did efficient work in arousing interest and creating enthusiasm in behalf of democratic interests in Cleveland. When Mr. Salen retired from the position of city clerk he turned his attention to the business of developing and improving Beyerle's Park, of which he was manager for two years, during which time it became celebrated as the most complete and attractive amusement resort between Chicago and New York. On severing his connection therewith he again entered the field of journalism as city editor of the Cleveland Morning Times in 1889, and in 1890 he was made secretary of the board of elections. The following year, when the ballot reform law was introduced, he was very active in outlining the working of the Australian ballot system, in originating iron election booths and doing other service in connection with its adoption. During the years of his active connection with political interests Mr. Salen has ever been a close student of the signs of the times, has noted the needs and demands of the city and has labored earnestly to place its political interests upon a business basis that shall be alike creditable and beneficial to the municipality. In the spring of 1893 the younger element in the democracy of Cleveland strongly advocated him as mayoralty candidate but he was defeated for the nomination. Mr. Salen was one of the first to champion the cause of Tom L. Johnson and further his political career, being instrumental in securing his nomination for congress in 1888. In 1890 and 1892 he managed Mr. Johnson's campaigns, when he was elected, overcoming a republican plurality in 1892 of twenty-five hundred. This made a total democratic gain of six thousand votes, the largest gain shown by any district in the United States. He suggested Mr. Johnson for mayor in 1901 and managed his victorious campaign, as well as those of 1903 and 1905. He has attended every democratic convention since he attained his majority and has frequently represented his party in the state conventions. He served on the democratic state committee a number of years and in 1903 was chairman of the state executive committee. He represented the twentieth district in the national demo- 778 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND cratic conventions of 1892, 1904 and 1908, and in the 1904 convention was also elected as a delegate-at-large from the state, being the only delegate having two votes. In 1899 Mr. Salen became city auditor and in 1901 he became director of public works. Phile in this office he opened the public parks to the people, destroyed the "Keep off the Grass" signs, established baseball diamonds and children's playgrounds wherever there was an opportunity, and in the winter provided skating rinks in the parks and on the vacant lots. He put great energy into the construction of sewers, pavements, bridges and other public works and started the elimination of grade crossings. In November, 1902, Mr. Salen was elected county clerk and was the first dem. ocrat to ever hold that office. He was reelected in 1965 and in 1908 he made the record-breaking run of beating the head of his ticket twenty thousand votes. he bemg the only democrat to survive the landslide. Mr. Salen has been the chief promoter of amateur sports in Cleveland and is the unquestioned leader of every movement of this character. He is president of the City Baseball League, of the Ohio Skating Association, of the Cleveland Ski Club and of the Quinnebog Fishing Club. The children and young people of the city are his most enthusiastic friends. He brings to his political work the same keen discernment and untiring industry which are so necessary as factors in business success. It is known that he ever places the public good before personal aggrandizement, and that, while he is a strong party man, he believes in and advocate's clean politics and the expression of an untrammeled and honest public opinion. Mr. Salen is popular personally with a wide circle of friends who give him their regard irrespective of party views. WILLIAM H. BOYD. William H. Boyd, of the firm Westenhaver, Boyd, Rudolph & Brooks, making steady progress in his chosen field of labor as a member of the Cleveland bar, came to this city in 1890 and during nineteen years of active practice has represented many important litigated interests. He was born in Londonderry township, Guernsey county, Ohio, August 11, 1864. He attended the district schools of his native county and the public schools of Fairview, Ohio, and after the completion of his more specific literary course he took up the study of law in 1888, giving two years to a thorough mastery of legal principles. He was then admitted to the bar in 1890 and located for practice in Cleveland, where he has since remained. His ability has led him into important professional relations. During the recent street car warfare he was prominent among the attorneys, being enrolled among the lawyers for the Municipal Traction Company, and in his arguments in the injunction cases against that company proved himself to be a man of great oratorical ability as well as of sound logic and a thorough understanding of the legal principles involved. On the 7th of September, 1892, Mr. Boyd was married to Miss Anna Maud Judkins, of Flushing, Ohio, who died September 1908. He is a member of the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. Boyd also holds membership in the Tippecanoe Club, the Masonic fraternity and the Knights of Pythias lodge. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and he has been called to some local offices, serving as clerk of Flushing township in Belmont county, Ohio, and as corporation clerk of the town of Flushing from 1888 to 1890. In July and August, 1891, he was acting police prosecutor in Cleveland during the absence of Mr. Fielder, the regular prosecutor, and was assistant director of law of the city of Cleveland during 1897 and 1898. He has preferred to keep free from entangling political allegiance, however, and to give undivided attention to his profession. He is a strong advocate with the jury and concise in his appeal before HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 781 the court, and has won for himself very favorable criticism for the careful and systematic methods which lie has followed. He has remarkable powers of concentration and application and his retentive mind has often excited the surprise of his professional colleagues. REV. WILLIAM ALOYSIUS KANE. The Catholic ministry in Cleveland is represented by many earnest young men who are doing good and effective work for their church. Among this number is the Rev. William A. Kane, assistant pastor of Holy Name church. He was born in Youngstown, Ohio, August 4, 1874, and his father, John Kane, was born in Ireland in 1853 and spent the first ten years of his life on the Emerald isle, coming to the United States about 1863, at which time the family home was established in Cleveland. Two years later he became a resident of Youngstown, Ohio, where he has since resided and is now living retired. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Berry, was born in Ireland in 1858. Rev. William A. Kane pursued his early education in St. Columbus' parochial school at Youngstown, Ohio, and afterward attended St. Charles school in Ellicott City, Maryland, from which he was graduated with the class of 1895. He then pursued his theological and philosophical studies in St. Mary's Seminary of Cleveland, and his ordination was celebrated by Bishop Horstmann on the 1st of June, 1901. He conducted his first mass at St. Columbus' church in Youngstown, Ohio, after which he was appointed to his present position as assistant pastor of the Holy Name church, where he has labored earnestly and effectively for the upbuilding of the cause of Catholicism in this city. HOYT V. SHULTERS. Through successive promotions, involving at each advanced step larger responsibilities as well as wider opportunities, Hoyt V. Shulters has reached his present position of secretary and treasurer of the East Ohio Gas Company. He was born December 3, 1868, in Chautauqua county, New York. His father, Edwin Shulters also a native of the Empire state, was a farmer of Chautauqua county but at the time of the Civil war put aside all business and personal considerations and served as a private of Company 7, of the New York Sharpshooters, continuing with that command throughout the period of hostilities. He died in March, 1906, but is still survived by his widow, Mrs. Martha (Camp) Shulters, who was born in the state of New York and is now living near Jamestown. In the public schools Hoyt V. Shulters pursued his education, supplementing that course by study in a business college, and after putting aside his text-books he worked for different business firms in the east for a short time. He then came to Ohio and, settling first at Tiffin, secured a position in the office of the Tiffin Natural Gas Company, with which he remained for four years. On the expiration of that period he removed to Toledo, where he occupied a position in the office of the Northwestern Ohio Natural Gas Company until 1895, when he was elected assistant secretary and treasurer of the company and filled the dual positions until July, 1902. On the latter date he came to Cleveland and was elected secretary and treasurer of the East Ohio Gas Company. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Green River Coal Company, a director in the Connecting Gas Company, a director in the East Ohio Gas Company and is financially interested in a number of other gas companies and banks. His business interests have thus been constantly expanding, constantly broadening in scope and importance, until he has 782 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND become recognized as a forceful factor in that branch of activity to which he is now directing his energies. In August, 1890, Mr. Shulters was married to Miss Mary E. Courtright, a native of Painesville, Ohio, where the wedding occurred. Mr. Shulters gives his political allegiance to the republican party nor is the term citizenship without meaning for him ; on the contrary he gives active support to many measures and movements for the general good and throws the weight of his influence on the side of public progress and improvement. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity and the Union Club and finds pleasant social relations in both. In his business life he displays notable ability in developing and increasing the business of the corporation and in the constantly enlarging field of usefulness his labors have met with substantial results. WILLIAM LABOUNTY. William LaBounty, treasurer of the Cleveland Machine Knife Company, was born in Fullerton, New York, February 20, 1869, his parents being Edward and Louisa LaBounty, the former born in the romantic environs of Montreal, Canada, in August, 1836. Sometime near the close of the Civil war he removed to Fullerton, New York, and as means of livelihood engaged in the grinding business. In course of time he came west to Cleveland and pursued his trade until his retirement from active life, his death occurring in 1892. Mr. LaBounty left the schoolroom at the age of fourteen and while still quite young went to Syracuse, New York, where he engaged with Syracuse Stove Works for three years as a stove mounter. He spent the following year in Rochester, New York, as a stove mounter with the Cooperative Stove Company, and then came back to Cleveland, where he found employment as grinder with the Worden Tool Company. That he was absolutely efficient in his line of work is apparent from the fact that he spent ten years with this firm, only leaving to become an organizer. Through his efforts the Cleveland Machine Knife Company came into being and took a place among Cleveland's manifold industries. This company manufacture knives of every description, which are recognized in trade for their excellence. Mr. LaBounty was united in marriage to Miss Lillian Tasker in Syracuse, New York, March 14, 1891. Their residence is at No. 10310 Kenton Road. Mr. LaBounty belongs to the vast Masonic brotherhood, holding membership in the blue lodge, and also belongs to the Maccabees. He is independent in politics, changing his allegiance with the varying appeal of principle. In religious conviction he is Protestant. His success has come largely through his own clearness of vision, and he may be reckoned among Cleveland's representative citizens. HARVEY D. GOULDER. Harvey D. Goulder is recognized as one of the most eminent representatives of admiralty law in the United States. Practicing in Cleveland, the ability which he has displayed in this branch of the profession has gained him high honors and well earned fame. Pith no advantages to aid him at the outset of his career, the force of his character and the weight of his ability have carried him into important public relations. He was born March 7, 1853, a son of Christopher D. and Barbara Goulder. His father was master of lake craft for many years and thus prominently connected with the shipping interests of Cleveland and this part of the country. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 785 At the usual age Harvey D. Goulder entered the public schools, where he passed through consecutive grades and finally became a student in the Central high school, there pursuing a classical course until his graduation in 1869, when he was but sixteen years of age. While still in school he spent three summers before the mast and by hard study in the winter made the grades with his classes. Even his summer experience was a part of his preparation for his life work, as at that time he had an end in view. Following his graduation he continued on the lakes as a sailor on his father's vessels through the sailing season, while the winter months were devoted to law study in the office and under the direction of the firm of Tyler & Dennison until the spring of 1871. Throughout his life he has been a close and varied reader; familiarizing himself with the best thoughts of great minds and thus promoting his own mental development until the strength of his mental resources constitutes a most important factor in his professional success. In the spring of 1871 he entered the employ of Alcott, Horton & Company, the necessity of providing for his own support leading him to accept a position as entry clerk in the wholesale dry-goods store of that firm, with whom he continued for two years. The hours which are usually termed leisure were devoted by him to the further study of law, under the direction of the late John E. Carey, an admiralty lawyer of much ability. It was Mr. Goulder's intention to make admiralty law a specialty and it was this which caused him to obtain a position before the mast that he might gain intimate, personal and practical knowledge concerning the methods employed in lake shipping. In this way he obtained much of that technical and essential information so valuable in the trial of admiralty cases. His is a knowledge of experience and association and many an unwilling witness, surprised by the accuracy of detail and disarmed by a familiar phrase on the lips of Mr. Goulder, has forgotten his allegiance to his ship and her owner and recounted the facts of a collision as it actually occurred. It is through the possession of this knowledge that he is enabled to prepare his briefs in such a clean, concise and forceful manner. He was so far advanced in his legal studies as to be able to pass the required examination before he had reached the age allowed for admission to the bar. In the spring of 1875 he received his license to practice in the courts of the state and has since given his attention to the profession. Immediately after his admission he practiced in partnership with John F. Weh, who was later appointed city solicitor under William Heisley. This partnership was then dissolved and Mr. Goulder later continued the practice of law with Alexander Hadden, and with various others, while at times he was alone. He has directed his attention practically to the conduct of cases in admiralty, marine insurance, and to some extent in corporation, although he is well versed in the general practice of law. He has been accorded a large clientage in his chosen field and his comprehensive study and his thorough preparation have made him a peer in this branch of jurisprudence, in which he has won many notable verdicts. In January, 1893, he became associated in practice with S. H. Holding, but is now alone. He has perhaps gained more prominence as a technical maritime counselor than any attorney before the admiralty courts. His legal knowledge and methods are accurate and he is a forceful, eloquent speaker. He has been retained as counsel either for the defense or prosecution in nearly every admiralty case that has come before any of the courts of the lake region and is never defeated where precedent is nearly equal. He has long since been acknowledged as the peer of any attorney at law in this branch of practice, his knowledge being most comprehensive and exact and his application correct and accurate. In 1886 Mr. Goulder was a strong candidate for common pleas judge but the choice fell upon Captain Gary, who was afterward defeated. Mr. Goulder is now counsel for the Vessel Owners' Association and represents other shipping companies. He is a member of the Board of Industry and of the Board of Trade of Cleveland and his interest in public affairs is manifest in active and helpful cooperation in many movements for municipal welfare and progress. He invariably supports measures that look to the advancement of the municipality, its upbuild- 786 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ing and improvement. His advice has been sought and his suggestions followed in improving the harbor of Cleveland and in widening the Cuyahoga river. In addition to acting as counsel for the Cleveland Vessel Owners' Association he has also been counsel for the Lake Carriers' Association since its organization and is a prominent member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Previous to the organization of that body he was a member of the Board of Trade and Board of Industry and in all these connections has left the impress of his individuality for good upon the work that has been done. Pith the late Hon. George H. Ely, the late General O. M. Coe and others connected with vessel interests, Mr. Goulder has at various times appeared before congressional committees in reference to measures required f0r the improvement of the waterways of the great lakes. He, was among those who were most urgent for the establishment of a channel through the lakes and connecting rivers and into the principal harbors. During recent years the wisdom of this has become apparent, as through this means it is possible to construct ore, coal and grain carriers 0f great size and thus the cost of transportation is largely reduced. His activity in matters connected with lake interests has made Mr. Goulder well known to the heads of departments in Pashington, including the bureau of navigation, the naval intelligence bureau, the bureau of lighthouse installation, the chief of the army engineers, the hydrographic bureau and indeed of all other departments having intimate or remote connection with the navigation of the inland waters of the continent. Mr. Goulder's intimate connection with marine matters and his extensive practice has brought him in association with business men generally in lake and river cities from Duluth to Montreal and the value of his work in its relations to public concerns as well as a source of individual remuneration, is widely acknowledged. Mr.Goulder was married to Miss Mary F. Rankin, on the 11th of November, 1878. The lady is a daughter of the Rev. J. E. Rankin, D. D., at one time pastor of the First Congregational church at Pashington, D. C. Mr. and Mrs. Goulder occupy a prominent social position and have many friends in Cleveland. Since his admission to the bar he has regarded the practice of law as his real life work and in that connection has won a most enviable reputation. His devotion to his clients' interests is proverbial, yet he never forgets that he owes a still higher allegiance to the majesty of the law. He is a man of genial and courteous manner and disposition and of sterling worth. In addressing court or jury he rarely allows his voice to rise above the conversational tone and his presentation of his cause is clear and cogent, the character of his mind is distinctly judicial, and his analytical power enables him to readily determine the salient features of the case and to bring into relative connection all 0f the points 'bearing upon the cause. His close study and comprehensive understanding of the principles of law have given him prominence in admiralty circles that is scarcely equaled and not exceeded in the entire country. ALEXANDER COLAHAN. Alexander Colahan, who through his building operations was an important factor in the early improvement and adornment of Cleveland, was born in this city in 1816, representing one of the oldest pioneer families. His father, Thomas Colahan, was a Cleveland pioneer, who came from Quebec, Canada, just after the close of the war of 1812. Few indeed were the families living in the Western Reserve at that time, and with the events which shaped the formative history of the city and this section of the state he was closely associated. He married Catherine Moore, also from Canada, and unto them were born six children : Samuel, Thomas, Julian, James, Alexander and Isabelle. Cleveland was a city of but a few hundred inhabitants during the early boyhood of Alexander Colahan, its population gradually increasing into the thousands HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 787 as he approached manhood. He acquired his education in the old academy which was located on the present site of No. 1 engine house. Among his friends were some of the most prominent pioneers of Cleveland, including the J0hnson brothers of marine fame, the Case brothers, H. P. Weddell and others. Many an hour they spent in boyhood play in the districts of the city which are now thickly populated but were then open and unimproved land. Alexander Colahan became a mason contractor, in which business he was associated with his brother Thomas. They did much of the early work in the building operations of Cleveland, their labors constituting a factor in the adornment and improvement of the city. Their business grew in volume and importance with the growth of the city and the recognition of their ability, and thus passing years brought to them success which numbered them among Cleveland's men of affluence. In 1845 Alexander Colahan married Arvilla Ball, a native of New Hampshire, who was brought to Cleveland when a little maiden of nine years. They became parents of four children: Mary, the wife of Charles P. Lewis, of Chicago ; Martha ; George, who died when four years of age ; and Edward F., who with his sister Martha is occupying the old homestead. They are identified with the First Methodist Episcopal church and Mr. Colahan is widely known in this city, where the greater part of his life has been passed and where he enjoys the friendship of many, including not only later day acquaintances but those who have known him from his boyhood to the present time. The parents were members of the First Methodist Episcopal church. The father died in 1902 and the mother survived for four years, passing away in 1906. EDWARD LYMAN HOWE. Various corporate interests benefit by the wise counsel and discriminating judgment of Edward Lyman Howe, who figures most actively in financial circles as the treasurer of the Superior Savings & Trust Company. He was born in Columbus, Ohio, August 14, 1875, and is a representative of one of the old families of this state. His father, Brainerd H. Howe, was born in Licking county, Ohio, June 22, 1839, and was a son of the Rev. Timothy W. and Chloe (Harris) Howe. The Howe family was founded in New England during the colonial epoch in our country's history, the first American ancestor having been John Howe, who came from England in 1670 and settled near New Haven, Connecticut, whence he removed to Vermont. The Rev. Timothy W. Howe was born in the Green Mountain state in 1804 and when a young man came to Ohio, settling in Licking county, where through his long life he was one of the best known and most highly honored citizens. He devoted his energies to the work of the Presbyterian ministry and, full of years and honors, passed away at the age of eighty-eight. The Harris family, too, was of old New England stock, one of the ancestors taking prominent part in the Revolutionary war. Brainerd H. Howe was reared in Licking county and eventually became a brass manufacturer of Cleveland, where he conducted business successfully for a long period and is now living retired. He wedded Sarah A., daughter of Lyman and Jane (Willoughby) Beecher, the father a distant cousin of Henry Ward Beecher and a descendant of one of the old New England families that was founded in America in 1639. Edward Lyman Howe came to Cleveland with his parents in 1882 as a lad of seven summers and entered the public schools, wherein he continued his studies until he started in the business world as cash boy in the dry-goods store of Hower & Higby. He spent two and a half years there, during which time he was promoted to the position of stock boy and then to salesman. He eagerly mastered every task that would give him business experience and qualify him for larger responsibilities, and from the outset of his business career has worked his way 788 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND steadily upward, the orderly steps of his progression being easily discernible. He entered the banking business in February, 1892, as messenger with the Euclid Avenue National Bank, and was promoted to bookkeeper were he severed his connection with that institution, covering a service of five and a half years. In 1897 he became connected with the Cleveland Trust Company in charge of the loans in the trust department, and in April, 1901, he joined the Prudential Trust Company as assistant secretary and treasurer, while later he was chosen secretary and treasurer. In 1905 'he entered the Superior Savings & Trust Company on its organization, acting as assistant secretary for a time, while in December, 1908, he was elected treasurer and is now active in the management of what has come to be recognized as one of Cleveland's solid financial institutions. His business ability, his readiness of resource and his expediency in planning for and meeting conditions have caused his cooperation to be sought in connection with the active management in various other lines and he is now the vice president and director of the Fuller Canneries Company, treasurer and director of the Workingman's Collateral Loan Company and secretary and treasurer of the New England Company. On the 25th of February, 1901, occurred the marriage of Edward L. Howe and Miss Mary Franc, daughter of Leland J. and Sarah L. (Safford) Mattison, the former one of Cleveland's prominent business men. Mrs. Howe is a graduate of the College for Women and is active in church and charitable work and prominent in social circles. The three children of the family are: Sarah, born April 14, 1902; Charles Mattison, January 28, 1904; and Mary Elizabeth, May 26, 1907. The family reside at 1548 East Eighty-fifth street and have a country home at the Glen Valley Club, at Brecksville, Ohio. Mr. Howe spends his leisure hours in golf, in motoring, hunting and fishing, and also takes delight in gardening. He belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Glen Valley Club and also to the Hough Avenue Congregational church. At city elections he casts an independent ballot, while the republican party receives his support when national issues are involved. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and is a public-spirited citizen, interested in all that pertains to the welfare and progress of the Forest city. His salient qualities are such as win him substantial friendships and he is prominent and popular in s0cial and club life, while the enterprise which he has displayed in business affairs and the genuine enjoyment which he derives from the solution of intricate business problems have given him high standing as one of the successful financiers of Cleveland. CHARLES P. LEININGER. Charles P. Leininger, senior member of the firm of the Eagle Laundry Company, is one of the best examples of what can be accomplished through persistent effort intelligently directed along legitimate channels. He is a native of Cleveland, having been born here, August 1, 1872, a son of Charles and Marguette Leininger and grandson of Charles Leininger. The latter was born in Germany and followed gardening until his emigration to America, at which time he located in Buffalo and settled down to city life. Here his son Charles was born September 6, 1844, and was reared, learning the molder's trade. When he came to Cleveland in the '50s he secured employment as an iron-molder. Later, however, he became connected with newspaper life, retiring from business activities in 1899. His death followed in 1902. He possessed many of the German traits of character which make the sons of that country such desirable citizens. Charles P. Leininger attended the Cleveland schools until he was fifteen, but at that time he engaged with Dr. Parker to work in his drug store and continued with him for three months. Following this he was errand boy for the P. H. Garlock laundry and eventually became a driver for the concern, thus working for eleven years. In the meanwhile he was learning the business thoroughly, making HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 791 friends and saving money, so that in 1897 he was able, in conjunction with Mr. Monaghan, to purchase the Eagle laundry. He was a practical laundryman and immediately began building up and enlarging their business until at present they have sixty employes and run ten wagons. Their plant is a fine one, and the work they turn out second to none in the city. Mr. Leininger was married in Cleveland, October 18, 1894, to Miss Mary Caldwell, and they have four children : Herbert, thirteen years old, and Charles, six, both attending the public schools ; Hugh, four years old, who is the pet of the family ; and Emma, who is deceased. The family are conveniently located in their pleasant home at No. 10518 Grantwood avenue. Mr. Leininger is a Mason, belonging to Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Odd Fellows, the Colonial, Cleveland Athletic, Country Auto and Cleveland Auto Clubs, and is president of the Laundrymen's Club. He is extremely fond of all outdoor sports, including automobiling, while during the winter he is enthusiastic over bowling. In politics he is independent in his views. Steadily advancing through good work and honorable methods, Mr. Leninger has attained his present position among the substantial men of his city and has won everything he has secured by hard and conscientious labor. BENJAMIN CHARLES STARR. Benjamin Charles Starr, whose thorough literary and law training within the classic walls of old Harvard constituted his equipment, has in the application of his legal knowledge won success that places him with the foremost representatives of the Cleveland bar, where he has practiced for thirty years. Endowed with a mind naturally analytical, logical and inductive, his study and research have brought him broad familiarity with the principles of jurisprudence and with precedent, so that he is never at a loss in his practice to quote the proper authority or make accurate application of a point at law to the point at issue. Mr. Starr was born in Pestmoreland, New Hampshire, July 1, 1848, and traces his ancestry back to Dr. Comfort Starr, of Kent, England, who in 1633, with his three sons, settled in Massachusetts. His son, Comfort Starr, Jr., was a dissenting clergyman and was one of the first Fellows of Harvard College. Subsequently he returned to England, where his last days were passed. Benjamin John Starr, the grandfather of Benjamin Charles Starr, was born in Middletown, Connecticut, and when a young man left that state and went to Rome, New York, where he made his home until called to his final rest. He died, however, in Cleveland while visiting in this city in 1857. One of his sons, Henry Starr, was in the regular army with the rank of colonel and after the Civil war commanded the Department of Texas. Another son, Theodore B. Starr, the father of Benjamin C. Starr, was born in Rome, New York, August 8, 1820, and died November 4, 1898. In early life he engaged in civil engineering and in railway contracting, and afterward conducted a news and stationery business in Cleveland, establishing his home in this city in 1858. He wedded Eunice M. Winchester, who was born in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, May 16, 1825, and is now living in Cleveland. Her father, Elhanan Winchester, was born in Westmoreland, New Hampshire, December 4, 1791, made farming his life vocation and died in October, 1868. He was a son of Jonathan Winchester, a native of Massachusetts, who, with his twin brother, David Winchester, removed from the Bay state to New Hampshire when sixteen years of age and there took up land, spending his remaining days at Westmoreland. David Winchester was a man of much repute as a Restorationist, becoming a clergyman of that religious school, which was somewhat similar to the Universalist faith of the present day. In the district schools of Westmoreland, Benjamin Charles Starr began his education and pursued his preparatory course in Phillips Academy, Exeter, New 792 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Hampshire, from which he was graduated with the class of 1873. Much of the time between the ages of thirteen and twenty-one years he acted as assistant to his father in the stationery business in Cleveland. He followed his preparatory course by matriculation in Harvard University, from which he was graduated cum laude m 1877 with the Bachelor of Arts degree. He spent one year in Harvard Law School and also studied in a law office in Cleveland. Following his admission to the bar on the 27th of April, 1879, he began practice alone, while later he became a member of the firm of Griswold & Starr, so continuing from 1882 until the death of Judge Griswold in 1893. In that year he joined the firm of Foran, Starr, Schwan & Holcomb, but since 1894 has been alone in general practice. On the 6th of November, 1902, Mr. Starr was married to Mrs. Addie M. Hodgson, a daughter of William John and Mary (Eaton) Bishop, of Cleveland. Mr. Starr has been a resident of this city since the 19th of November, 1861, and is well known here. He belongs to the Phi Beta Kappa, becoming identified with Alpha chapter of Harvard College, and politically is connected with the democratic party, which in 1889 nominated him for the common pleas bench. The following year he received his party's nomination for circuit judge and in 1902 was again the circuit judge candidate, but, as is well known, the political strength of Cleveland is republican and he therefore met defeat with the others of the ticket. In the practice of law, however, he has made steady progress and he is known for the wide research and provident care with which he prepares his cases. His logical grasp of facts and principles of the law applicable to them has been another potent element in his success, while his remarkable clearness of expression, combined with an adequate and precise dicti0n, enables him to make others understand not only the salient points of his argument but also his every fine gradation of meaning. His mind has been trained in the severe school of investigation until close reasoning has become habitual and easy. ERNEST S. COOK. Ernest S. Cook, who has won high honors in the practice of corporation law, which is regarded as the most desirable and remunerative field of law practice, was born in Morenci, Michigan, June 26, 1859, a son of Stephen H. and Mary (Price) Cook. The father was a business man of Morenci for a number of years but made his home in Cleveland for some years and then returned to Michigan, where he died in 1885. Following the removal of the family to this city, Ernest S. Cook pursued his education in the grammar grades of the public schools and later attended the high school of his native city. He engaged in teaching school and in clerking in Morenci between the ages of sixteen and nineteen years, when, ambitious for intellectual progress, he continued his education in Kenyon College in 1878. His own labors met the expenses of his college course, which was completed by graduation in the class of 1882. For some time thereafter he engaged in teaching as head master of the preparatory school in Gambier, Ohio, and at the same time devoted his leisure hours to the study of law. Continuing his preparation for the bar as a law student in the 0ffice of Ranney & Ranney of Cleveland, he was admitted in 1886, remaining with his preceptors until 1888, after which he was alone in practice for some time. He then formed a partnership with A. J. Marvin and later joined the firm of Webster & Angell, which connection was terminated upon the death of Mr. Angell in 1898. In 1900 Mr. Cook became senior partner of the present well known firm of Cook, McGowan & Foote. Their business is largely corporation law and they are now representatives of several railroad companies and other large corporations. Mr. Cook is one of the best known and most able lawyers of Cleveland and it has been a matter of great regret to his friends that he has always refused a nomination HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 795 for the bench, for which position he is eminently fitted. He has always preferred to continue in the private practice of law but has become financially interested in the United Banking & Savings Company, of which he is a director, and in several commercial enterprises. Mr. Cook has often been solicited to accept a candidacy for public office but save that he served as assistant United States attorney for five years he has steadily refused official preferment even when urged to preside in the courts. He was one of the presidential elect0rs following the nomination of Theodore Roosevelt and was also a delegate to the Chicago convention which nominated William Howard Taft for the presidency. Always a stalwart republican where national questions of vital significance are involved, he votes independently at local elections, believing that the question of party politics should not be considered in the selection of municipal officers. On the 18th of June, 1883, Mr. Cook was married to Miss Katharine Dempsey, a daughter of John and Martha Dempsey, the former a retired merchant. Their children are : Martha; Helen ; James Dempsey, who was born November 20, 1889, and is now a student in Kenyon College ; and Marion. The family attend the Episcopal church. The outdoor exercise and the interest of the game of golf is a stimulus to Mr. Cook, who furthermore has keen appreciation for the social enjoyments offered by the Union, Euclid, University, Mayfield Country and Tippecanoe Clubs, in all of which he holds membership. Undeterred throughout his life by obstacles and difficulties which have confronted him in the acquirement of an education and in the conduct of his law practice, he has with firm and unfaltering purpose continued in the course which he had mapped out until his ability and energy have brought him to a foremost place in the ranks of Cleveland's legal profession. JAMES H. CASSIDY. James H. Cassidy, congressman from his district, is a notable example of a man whose inherent force of character and native ability have won him success, honor and distinction. History is replete with proofs that the great majority of men whose youth is passed amid luxurious surroundings and whose advantages are almost limitless, leave but little impression for good upon the progress of the world, while those whose opportunities in boyhood are limited seem to be made of sterner stuff. Necessity and competition arouse and develop their latent energies and in the struggle for supremacy they develop the force that, intelligently directed, makes them useful factors in society and capable of controlling interests of state. One is led to this train of reflection through contemplation of the life history of James H. Cassidy, one of Cleveland's native sons, born on the 28th of October, 1869. While spending his youth in the home of his parents, James H. and Mary (Brown) Cassidy, he attended the Cleveland public schools until eleven years of age, when he faced the necessity of providing for his own support and secured employment in a factory. He soon came to realize the value of industry and faithfulness and those qualities won him promotion. While in the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Company he utilized those hours which are usually termed leisure for the study of law, pursuing a course in the Cleveland Law School which eventually qualified him for admission to the bar on examination in Columbus in 1891. Returning to Cleveland for practice, he became junior partner in the firm of Long & Cassidy, a third name being added thereto when on the 1st of November, 1909, Mr. Copeland was admitted to the partnership. Phile advancement at the bar is proverbially slow, no dreary novitiate awaited James H. Cassidy. He had not only acquainted himself with the principles of jurisprudence but also with the methods of procedure in the courts and he came to the starting point of his professional career well equipped for his 796 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND onerous duties. He never fails to give a thorough preparation and in his presentation of the case before the courts manifests a familiarity with every detail and the points in law applicable thereto. But while his devotion to his clients' interests is a well known factor in his professional career, he never forgets that he owes a still higher allegiance to the majesty of the law. Mr. Cassidy has also gained distinction in the field of political activity manifesting a deep interest in the vital issues and questions of the day from the time he attained his majority. In December, 1902, he was elected clerk of the river and harbor committee of the national house of representatives and so continued until January, 1909, when he resigned. On The 20th of April of that year he was elected a member of the sixty-first congress, his term to continue until the 3d of March, 1911. As in all other relations of life, Mr, Cassidy has proved himself an active working member of the lawmaking body of the nation, giving careful consideration to each question which comes up for settlement and standing loyally in defense of those measures which he believes will prove of widespread benefit. Mr. Cassidy's social relations are with the Masonic fraternity, the Cleveland Athletic. the Western Reserve. the Tippecanoe and many other clubs. His sympathy with concerted movements for public improvement is evidenced in his membership in the Chamber of Commerce and his religious faith is manifest in his membership in the First Baptist church. He was married November 21, 1903, to Miss Elizabeth Handiges, of Cleveland, and, maintaining their home in this city, they have won the favorable regard of many friends in those social circles where intelligence and true worth are accepted as passports to good society. E. C. BALZHISER. E. C. Balzhiser's name has been connected with the ice industry nearly all of his business life. He was born August 24, 1868, near Batavia, Ohio, a son of Henry and Mary Balzhiser, both of whom still survive, living retired at Owensville, Clermont county, Ohio. E. C. Balzhiser received a good common-school education in Clermont county, after which he worked for his father at farming and in the produce business. In 1887 he left his home and visited various cities and localities about the country with a view of locating for the future, finally settling at Cleveland in 1888, entering the employ of the Knickerbocker Ice Company as a driver, where he remained until 1893, during which time he, by steady promotions, became the superintendent of the business. In that year the Knickerbocker Ice Company sold its business outright to the Forest City Ice Company, and our subject entered the employ of the Pictet Ice Company, of this city, that being the first manufactured ice plant established in Cleveland, where he continued for eighteen months. He then bought an interest in the Independent Ice Company, which had been formed in 1892 by Harry D. Norvell and was elected a director, secretary and manager of the company. The City Ice Delivery Company was established in 1902, and Mr. Balzhiser was elected a director and district manager. In 1908 The City Ice Delivery Company bought the Independent Ice Company, and he was elected first vice president and director, which positions he still retains. He is also president of the Collinwood Ice Company. From a small beginning Mr. Balzhiser's company, and the various interests with which he has been identified during the past fifteen years, has steadily increased until the ice industry of Cleveland has become known as the best equipped and conducted ice business in the country. This company now operates ten ice-making plants in the city, with a total ice-making capacity of eight hundred and fifty tons daily, and uses at the height of the season about one hundred seventy-five delivery wagons. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 799 Mr. Balzhiser is an enthusiast on the subject of ice and refrigeration. He is at present chairman 0f the advisory board of the American Society of Refrigeration, which organization participates in the international congresses of ref rigerating industries, which met in 1908 at Paris under the supervision of the French government, and will meet at Vienna, Austria, during October and November, in 1910. He also served as chairman of the National Ice Carnival meeting, held at the Jamestown Exposition, at Norfolk, Virginia, in 1907, and served three terms as president of the Middle States Ice Producers' Exchange. Through his earnest and effective efforts in promoting .organized effort throughout the country for the advancement of the ice and refrigerating trades, his name has become well and favorably known. He is a firm believer in the abounding opportunities offered by the kindred industries in which he has labored so earnestly. He is a self-reliant type of manhood, alert, adaptable, mgenious, fearless of obstacles of danger, rich in experience, is a true representative of the best of our American business men. Mr. Balzhiser was married in 1892 to Cora May Walker, of Owego, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Balzhiser have one daughter. CLARENCE R. MEGERTH. Clarence R. Megerth, attorney for the Guardian Savings & Trust Company of Cleveland, was born in this city, September 7, 1875. His father, John F. Megerth, a native of Berne, Switzerland, was brought to America by his parents in 1849, when a little lad of four years, the family home being established in Cleveland. Phen years of experience qualified him for the-onerous duties of business life he became connected with the marble trade and so continued up to the time of his retirement. In 1874 he wedded Mary B. Keeler, a native of Cleveland, who is still living. The death of Mr. Megerth occurred January 6, 1892. In the old Brownell public school Clarence R. Megerth pursued his education through primary and grammar grades and finally was graduated from the Central high school. He took up the study of law in 1893 in the Pestern Reserve University Law School and was graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1897. While a student there he was made editor of the college paper. Admitted to the bar in June, 1897, he engaged in general practice until June, 1900, when he became attorney for the Guardian Savings & Trust Company and has since given his attention exclusively to the legal affairs of that corporation, in which connection he has successfully conducted a large volume of business. On the 7th of March, 1901, Mr. Megerth was married in Cleveland to Miss Jessie M. DeVaud, a daughter of Frederick J. DeVaud, of this city, and they have one son, Frederick C., now six years of age. In politics Mr. Megerth is a republican with earnest desire for the success of the party but without ambition for office. He belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club and is a courteous, pleasant gentleman who has many friends in his native city and who in professional relations has won for himself a creditable position. GUSTAVE SCHROEDER. Gustave Schroeder probably stands alone in his present line of business, being a decorator in artificial flowers. From a small beginning he has developed a business of immense proportions and, while his home office is in Cleveland, he conducts operations in all of the larger cities further east. Mr. Schroeder was born in Cleveland in 1869, a son of Gustave and Josephine (Heimer) Schroeder. The father was born in Germany in 1854 and died in 1904. He established a business