(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 800 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND for the manufacture of artificial flowers for the millinery trade in 1894, and became the largest manufacturer in his line west of New York city. Of a social nature, he belonged to several German societies. Charitable to a fault, he gave largely of his means not only to the Lutheran church, in which he was very active, but to any worthy object, and his memory is tenderly cherished by many who were saved from distress by this kind-hearted, generous man. Gustave Schroeder, Jr., attended the Cleveland high school and the Cleveland Business College. Leaving school when seventeen years, he engaged in the wholesale millinery business, later becoming traveling salesman for Reed Brothers, with whom he remained for six years. He then went, to New York city to engage with the Savage Theatrical Syndicate as scenic designer, having at that early age displayed unusual artistic talent, and remained there for four years, but the death of his father brought him back to Cleveland to take charge of the latter's business. Being possessed of an artistic temperament that idealizes everything, Mr. Schroeder developed his present line of business and now decorates for social events, with artificial flowers, the homes of the wealthy. In addition to his home office, he has branches in Pittsburg and New York city. He has furnished artificial flowers and decorative effects for many select social events in New York city, Philadelphia, Boston and Pittsburg. The business has grown to such a magnitude that he has been compelled to move into a new building at No. 1528 Prospect avenue and occupies it all. He has no competition in the entire country. Although he has but little time for amusements, Mr. Schroeder enjoys motoring when he can spare a few hours to devote to it. He resides with his mother at No. 6026 Superior avenue. This venture of his is a very unusual one and shows the character of the man. Beneath the artist lies the sterling business traits possessed by the sturdy father, and while everything the younger man touches is imbued with his own artistic taste, he is making his enterprise pay him handsomely for his efforts. HENRY CLAGUE. Henry Clague, formerly vice president of the firm of Watterson & Clague, contractors, is now enjoying in retirement the fruits of a previous successful career. He was born July 25, 1847, on the Isle of Man, and is thus a Manxman in nationality. His parents were Thomas and Margaret (Gill) Clague, the former a shoemaker by trade who lived out his life in his native land. Henry Clague attended the public schools of the Isle of Man and at the age of fourteen in obedience to an innate love of adventure left home and went to Liverpool, England. There he shipped on a trading vessel and for eight years led a sea-faring life. He had his share of the ups and downs of a sailor's life and in 1865 he was ship-wrecked off the coast of Key West. In that same year he followed the example set by so many of his acquaintances and came to America, landing at Philadelphia, and going thence to Chicago. In that city he shipped on one of the Great Lake vessels and for the next three years sailed these vast inland waters. Tired of the precarious existence of a sailor, Mr. Clague in 1869 came to Cleveland, where he learned the trade of stone-mason and bricklayer as assistant to a mason named John Gill, and for about sixteen years worked at his trade. Fitted by experience and capability for a wider field of activity and one in which his fine executive talents would find greater scope, he went into the contracting business, which he conducted independently for about seven years. At the end of this time Mr. Clague and S. W. Watterson formed a partnership under the name of Watterson & Clague, which association continued for eighteen years and was only severed upon his retirement from business about four years ago. Some thirty-three years ago Mr. Clague laid the foundation of a happy home by his marriage to Miss Margaret Rath, and they have become the parents of five chil- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 801 dren. They are : Margaret, aged twenty-nine years ; Maud, aged twenty-seven; John, aged twenty-five ; Ruth, aged twenty-four ; and Frederick, aged twenty-two. John follows the trade engaged in by his father when young and is a brick-layer, while Frederick is employed by the Cleveland Renting Agency. As to the convictions, political and religious, held by Mr. Clague, he upholds the policies and principles of the republican party and holds membership in the Methodist church. Beginnmg his struggle with the world at the early age of fourteen and profiting by his experiences no matter how unpleasant, he may well be accounted a self-made man, and the ease which he is now permitted to enjoy is a tribute to his industry and native ability. MARK ANSON COPELAND.. For a third of a century there were no new names added to the roll of America's military heroes. The country was at peace and there was no occasion for military activity other than that which is manifested by the regular army in its practice work and in manning the forts. Then came the war with Spain, when it was evidenced that the patriotism was as strong and the courage as marked as ever manifest by the sons of the United States. Among the number whom Cleveland sent to the Spanish-American war was Mark Anson Copeland, who, since his return, has become well known as a general practitioner of law and also as the secretary of The Dodd-Rogers Company. He was born in Bristolville, Trumbull county, Ohio, December 16, 1877. His grandfather is a carpenter and contractor of Lorraine, New York. His father, Anson T. Copeland, was born in Lorraine, New York, in 1830 and died at Girard, Pennsylvania, February 27, 1897. He was edu- cated at the Wesleyan University of Middletown, Connecticut, entered the Methodist ministry and in the early '7os came to this state, joining the East Ohio conference. At different times he had charges at Kent, Bristolville, Bedford, Canfield and Windsor, continuing actively in the work of the ministry until he passed to his reward in 1897. His wife, Mrs. Minerva (Detchon) Copeland, was born in Poland, Ohio, March 31, 1839, and died in Cleveland, July 30, 1899. She was a daughter of Solomon Detchon, who was born in England and became a farmer of Poland, Ohio. Her brother, Wilbur Fisk Detchon, was a sharpshooter of the Civil war and was killed by the explosion of a mine at Petersburg, when but eighteen years of age. He went to the front from Ohio and belonged to a picked body of sharp-shooters. Mr. Copeland of this review has one brother, Wilbur F., who is an educator, and two sisters : Blanche, the wife of Frank S. Maston, an attorney of Cleveland ; and Rena, the widow of Clinton D. Gloss, of this city. Mark A. Copeland is indebted to the public-school system of Ohio for the ed- ucational privileges he enjoyed, pursuing his studies in the various places to which his father's itinerant ministry took him. At length he was graduated from the high school of Girard, Pennsylvania, with the class of 1894 and spent one year in Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, and one year in Adelbert College of Cleveland. This completed his literary course, after which he began preparation for the bar as a student in the Western Reserve Law School, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1901. His early professional experience came to him in connection with the law office of Golder, Holden & Maston, with whom he remained for fourteen months, after which he entered into partnership with Pierce D. Metzger under the firm name of Metzger & Copeland. This relation was maintained until 1906, since which time Mr. Copeland has been alone in general practice, manifesting ability that has insured him a cony tinually increasing clientage and has augmented the importance of the work which he has done in the courts. He is also well known as the secretary of The Dodd-Rogers Company, dealers in photographic, engineering, optical and scientific supplies. 802 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND As previously indicated, Mr. Copekind responded to the country's call for military aid, enlisting on the 2d of June, 1898, for service in the Spanish-American war. He became a private of Company K, Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was promoted to the rank of corporal and continued with the army for nine months. Although many who responded to the call were not in active duty, their loyalty and bravery were as pronounced as that of those who went to the scene of action, as they were willing and anxious to take part in the engagements which proved the supremacy of American methods of warfare both on land and sea. In his political views Mr. Copeland is a republican but not active in the ranks of the party. On the 14th of September, 1904, he married Miss Louise Wellstedl, a daughter of Thomas H. and Elizabeth (Bisonnette) Wellsted, of Cleveland. Her father died in 1893. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Copeland have been born two children : Mark Anson, whose birth occurred July 31, 1905 ; and Thomas Wellsted, born July 10, 1907. MARTIN JOHN O'DONNELL. A substantial citizen and one interested in a large number of the city's thriving business concerns is Martin John O'Donnell, sales agent for the Otis Elevator Company, with territory comprising northern Ohio. Mr. O'Donnell was born on a farm in Fauquier county, Virginia, February 2, 1858. His father, Michael O'Donnell, was born in Ireland, but early in life made his adieux to the Emerald isle and in 1845 located in Virginia. He followed the occupation of stonemason and in his contract work often employed many colored people, although he never owned slaves. In 1863, when the subject of the sketch was nearing school age, he removed to Baltimore, Maryland. Mr. O'Donnell received his education in the public schools of Howard county, Maryland, and afterward mastered the machinist's trade. Upon coming to Cleveland in 1881, some two years after the attainment of his majority, he availed himself of special courses in mathematics, engineering, and drafting, thus gaining expert knowledge which particularly fitted him for the responsible position which he at present holds. His first practical experience in his new line of endeavor was in a position with the Reedy Elevator Company, of Cincinnati, as erector. He remained with this company for three years and a half and during this time his mechanical genius asserted itself in the devising of several safety appliances for elevators which he patented. He then formed a copartnership, known as the O'Donnell & Barrett Elevator Company, and engaged in the manufacture of elevators and similar mechanisms. This partnership continued for several years, but Mr. O'Donnell finally withdrew from it, and organized a company known as the M. J. O'Donnell Elevator Company. It continued under this name from 1893 until 1900, when it was incorporated under the laws of Ohio as the O'Donnell Elevator Company and continued as such until 1906. At this date it was absorbed by that great concern, the Otis Elevator Company, and Mr. O'Donnell became sales agent for the northern territory. The scope and importance of the Otis Elevator Company is too well known to call for extended comment. Everything known in the elevator line is manufactured, and the industry is famous for its ability to work out and install any such labor-saving devices as may originate in the brains of individual patrons. The company is represented in every civilized country in the world and is particularly happy in its representation in Cleveland and the surrounding country. The business done in northern Ohio in the first eight months of the year Iwo amounted to over four hundred thousand dollars. On April 11, 1888, in Cleveland, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. O'Donnell to Miss Hannah L. Neeson, daughter of an old and respected family. Resultant of this union is a family of three sons and two daughters as follows : George F., twenty years of age; Mary, aged seventeen ; Florence, aged eleven ; Martin J., aged six ; and Paul Otis, aged three. This interesting family resides in a beautiful home at 13523 Detroit street, Lakewood. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 805 Mr. O'Donnell is independent in politics and pins his faith to men and principles rather than to party. He is keenly interested in all civic matters, this being directly evident in his membership in the Builders' Exchange, the Chamber of Commerce and the West Side Chamber of Industry. He has manifold interests, being vice-president of the Cleveland Life Insurance Company, and director in the D. T. Owen Company and the Columbia Candy Company. He is stockholder in the following companies : Fenner Manufacturing Company, Alva Steamship Company, Ohio Casualty Company, Central National Bank and Superior Savings and Trust Company, Mr. O'Donnell is a splendid representative of public-spirited and progressive citizenship and possesses with every well-rounded individual social and fraternal proclivities, these centering in the Knights of St. John, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Lakewood Tennis Club. HUMPHREY. Two of Cleveland's well known business men are Dudley. S. and David H. Humphrey, the former president and the latter general manager of the Humphrey Company, the largest manufacturers of pop-corn and pull candy in the world, and they are the originators and inventors of all the implements, methods and arrangements used in the business. In 1891 the brothers came to Cleveland and without capital began the popping and retailing of pop-corn and later engaged in the making of pull candy. In the few intervening years they have built up the largest concern of its kind in the United States. Looking for a more extended field of operation, they in 1901 secured the lease of Euclid Beach Park, which had been established five years previously but had met with indifferent success, ending finally in financial failure. On taking over the park their first innovation was the elimination of all intoxicants, freaks, fakes, chance games and questionable shows, having an abounding faith that the people would apreciate and patronize a resort where cleanliness in everything was the watchword. The soundness of this theory has been amply proven and Euclid Beach Park has today the reputation of being the most moral, temperate, orderly, safe and beautiful, also the best patronized, best paying and largest family summer resort in America. In the autumn of 1907 they built and opened the Elysium at University Circle, the largest and finest ice rink in the country. Conducted according to the high Humphre standard, it has met with a success even more flattering than anticipated by its promoters and has taken a preeminent and conspicuous place in the city's amusement life. The Humphreys' parents were Dudley Sherman and Mabel Truman (Fay) Humphrey. The father was born November 21, 1814, in Goshen, Connecticut. He received his early education and spent his boyhood in New England, coming to Ohio in 1835 and locating in Parma township, Cuyahoga county, where with his brother William he engaged in the lumber and clock business. They later removed to Townsend, Huron county, where they purchased large tracts of land and began in the sawmill business on a large scale, during the partnership erecting over forty sawmills in the western states. On March 10, 1847, he married Mabel T., a daughter of Benajah and Ruth Fay, of Parma. Mabel T. Fay was born January 26, 1820, and was the second white child born in the township. Their five children were Mina Sherman, Harlow, Dudley S., David H. and Mary Malinda. Mina Sherman married Alexander Dillon Scott and they have one son, Dudley. Dudley Sherman, born May 19, 1852, at Townsend, Ohio, married Effie D., a daughter of Harvey J. and Wealthy L. Shannon, of Buffalo, New York. They have three children, Mabel Elizabeth, second vice president of the Humphrey Company; Harvey John, as- 806 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND sistant treasurer of the Humphrey Company; and H. Louise, the youngest member of the firm. Harvey J. married August 8, 1906, Katherine, :a daughter of Marcus and Katherine Fuldman. After leaving school, Dudley S. Humphrey was associated with his father in the conduct of an extensive farm and various business interests until the latter's death in 1876, when he assumed with his brothers the management of the estate. In 1884 he was engaged with his brothers under the firm name of Humphrey Brothers at Wakeman, Ohio. David H. Humphrey, who is unmarried, was born at Townsend, Ohio, June 5, 1855 ; was educated in the district schools ; and spent the succeeding years on the farm and engaged in business ventures with his brothers until coming to Cleveland, since which time he has taken an important part in developing and shaping the policies of the Humphrey Company and has contributed largely to its remarkable success. The grandfather, Dudley Humphrey, .founder of the Ohio branch of the family, was born in Goshen, Connecticut, October 20, 1770, was a farmer, took the freeman's oath in 1798 and in 1837 removed to Ohio with his family. He was the son of David Humphrey, whose birth occurred June 5, 1726, at Simsbury, Connecticut. He lived to the age of eighty-six years. He was the son of Ensign Samuel Humphrey, born in Simsbury, Connecticut, May 17, 1686, whose father was Lieutenant Samuel Humphrey, born in Windsor, Connecticut, October 24, 1653. His father—Michael Humphrey—the founder of the family in America, whence he came from Lyne Regis, England, about 1640, going first to Dorchester, Massachusetts, and later joining a settlement at Windsor, Connecticut, where he engaged m the manufacture of tar and turpentine and in various mercantile enterprises. The English ancestors went to England with William the Conqueror. The remote ancestors were Norsemen and the family has contributed many notable names to the history of both the old and new world. By the record of their lives, the Cleveland representatives of the family have proven worthy of its best traditions, adhering to the lofty standard of industry, honesty and achievement which have made for them an enviable place in the business and social life of their adopted city. DAVID CHARLESWORTH. David Charlesworth, the senior member of the firm of D. Charlesworth & Son, florists and landscapists of Cleveland, was born in England on the 1st of April, 1843, his parents being William and Hannah (Haywood) Charlesworth, who were likewise natives of that country. The father, who carried on general agricultural pursuits in the rural district of Nottinghamshire, passed away in comparatively early manhood. The mother was called to her final rest about 1869. David Charlesworth attended the public schools of his native land in pursuit of an education that would equip him for the practical and responsible duties of life. When still but a boy he became familiar with the business which now claims his attention, working on Lundy's estate. Subsequently he was identified with the florist's trade at Yorkshire for a period of seven years, at the end of which time he became an instructor in Lee's reformatory school. He next became a student in St. Augustine College of Canterbury, England, and after leaving that institution in 1867 he acted as lay assistant of St. Clement's parish, Leeds, Yorkshire, for two years. In 1869 he crossed the Atlantic t0 the United States and came direct to Cleveland, Ohio, but after a short time removed to Tennessee, where he started m the cotton business. The following fall, however, he returned to this city and for a time devoted his energies to various pursuits but eventually he turned his attention 0nce more t0 floral work. For five years he acted as gar- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 809 dener at the Newburg Asylum and after the fire there he laid out the present beautiful grounds. He then embarked in business as a florist of Cleveland by becoming a member of the firm of C. W. Schofield & Company and thus successfully conducted his interests for a period of about four years. He then purchased his partner's interest and the establishment is now conducted under the name of D. Charlesworth & Son, the eldest son of our subject having charge of a branch store on Euclid avenue. David Charlesworth was one of the first florists in the city and the success which has attended his enterprise is indeed well merited, for he is a man of untiring energy and good business judgment as well as unfaltering integrity. A few days prior to his emigration to the new world Mr. Charlesworth was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Fawcett, a native of England. Unto them were born four children, as follows : Ada Schofield, who passed away at the age of twenty-three years ; Lloyd F., who is associated with his father in business ; Mrs. Gertrude H. Davis, of Cleveland ; and Stanton Irving, the assistant superintendent of the Cleveland Furnace Company. Mr. Charlesworth is a stanch republican and formerly took an active part in politics. In religious belief he is a Spiritualist, while fraternally he is a Knight Templar Mason. He has never had occasion to regret his determination to seek a home on this side of the water. He found here the business opportunities which he sought and which, by the way, are always open to ambitious, energetic young men. Adapting himself to the altered conditions of life, he has as the years have passed worked his way steadily upward and has long been numbered among the enterprising, prosperous and progressive citizens of Cleveland. THOMAS GEBBIE. Thomas Gebbie came to Cleveland in 1873 after crossing the Atlantic from Scotland to the new world. He was born in 1848 in the quaint little town of Ayr, immortalized as the birthplace of Robert Burns. There he learned the trade of shoemaking and the leather business and was one of three brothers, Allen, William and Thomas, who came to America in 1873, They had all learned the latter in Ayr and after reaching the United States they made their way to Cleveland, where they continued to work at their trade. After continuing in the employ of 0thers for about five years, in 1878 they set up their own establishment and did a prosperous business. In 1884 the partnership was dissolved, each establishing himself in an independent venture. William Gebbie has since passed away but Allen Gebbie still remains a resident of Cleveland. Thomas Gebbie engaged in the manufacture of boot and shoe uppers and also conducted a wholesale and retail business as a dealer in leather findings. He built up an extensive trade in this line and became well known to merchants and manufacturers who handled the kind of goods which he carried. His business methods were always most reliable and his energy, close application and honorable dealings brought him substantial success. Mr. Gebbie was married in his native land, his wedding journey being the trip to America. Unto him and his wife were born three sons, Thomas A., Gene A., and Richard C., all of Cleveland. The death of the father occurred June 18, 1904, after a residence of thirty-one years in this city. He attended the Old Stone church and was a member of St. Andrews Society. His life was ever guided by his religious faith and moral principles, which were of the highest. In politics he was an earnest republican, active in his work for the party and his labors were not without substantial results. He stood as an excellent example of that type of foreign-born citizen who sees in the conditions of the new world the opportunities for success and while managing profitable business enterprises also stands as a stalwart champion of American interests in his advocacy of all that pertains to the general welfare. 810 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Thomas A. Gebbie, the eldest son of Thomas Gebbie, Sr., resides in Cleveland and is a salesman for the oldest tanning house of the United States, the firm being located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He married Miss Elizabeth Lyon, a daughter of. I. E. Lyon, who is in the grocery business on Eighty-third street. They have two children, Irvin E., and Elizabeth. Thomas A. Gebbie is widely and favorably known in this city, where he has always resided. JOHN JAMES THOMAS, M. D. That Cleveland offers many advantages to her citizens is indicated by the fact that many of her native sons have remained within her borders and have attained prominence and prosperity here. Dr. Thomas is numbered among those who have spent their entire lives within her corporation limits and his thorough preparation, close application and unremitting energy have constituted the salient points in his continuous advancement. He is careful and conscientious, increasing the talents that nature has given him, and is now numbered among the more capable physicians of the city. His birth occurred November 18, 1868, his parents being Isaac and Mary J. (Richards) Thomas. The father, a native of Wales, came to America when eighteen years of age in the early '6os and established his home in Cleveland, where he was closely connected with the iron industry until his death, which occurred in 1900, when he was fifty-seven years of age. In his fraternal relations he was a Mason. His widow still survives. Dr. Thomas was educated in the public schools, pursuing his studies through consecutive grades until he was graduated from the Central high school with the class of 1887. He afterward entered Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University, there winning the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1891. During his college days he was president of the Glee Club, was a member of the baseball team and editor of the college paper. His preparation for the practice of medicine was made in the Western Reserve University, which conferred upon him the degree of M. D. in 1893 and in 1896 the honorary degree of Master of Arts. Following his graduation he spent a year and a half as house physician in the Cleveland City Hospital and then went abroad, devoting one year to post-graduate work in Frankfort-am-Rhein. He also studied in Strassburg and Vienna, investigating the methods of practice of many of the eminent physicians and surgeons of the old world. His professional knowledge is comprehensive, reliable and exact and his ability has carried him into important relations as a physician and surgeon. Upon his return to the new world in December, 1895, he took up the private practice of general medicine, giving special attention to obstetrics and pediatrics, which have gradually claimed m0re and more of his time until as specialties they embrace the entire field of his practice. He is instructor in obstetrics at the Western Reserve University, having occupied this position since 1902, while since 1900 he has been demonstrator in diseases of children at the same institution. In other professional relations he is also well known, being visiting physician at St. Anne Maternity Hospital & Infant Asylum, visiting pediatrist to the Cleveland City Hospital, physician in charge of the children's department of the Lakeside Hospital Dispensary, visiting physician to Rainbow Cottage, visiting physician to the Infants Rest, visiting physician to the Maternity Hospital and examining physician to the University School. He is also medical examiner f0r the Connecticut Mutual Insurance Company and secretary to the medical staff of the Babies' Hospital & Dispensary. On the 7th of June, 1900, in Washington, D. C., Dr. Thomas was married to Miss A. Irene Montanari, a daughter 0f the late Dr. Montanari, a physician of Nice, France, and they have one child, Allen Powell, now three years of age. The family reside at No. 1878 East Eighty-seventh street. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 813 Dr. Thomas was active in athletic, musical and literary circles in his youth and early manhood but now devotes all of his leisure time to his home and family, obtaining his recreation through motoring and camping. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is keenly interested in everything relative to the wel- fare and progress of the city. In professional lines he has done much important work for the general good. He is now the secretary and treasurer and was the prime organizer of the certified milk commission, which was established in 1904 and has secured absolutely pure milk in Cleveland. He is likewise a member of the sanitation committee and believes in methods of prevention before and above all things else. He has, therefore, been deeply interested in the educative move- ments which have brought to the general public a knowledge of health conditions and has done all in his power to further work of that character. He belongs to the Delta Tau Delta of Adelbert College, and also the Theta Nu Epsilon of the same institution. In more strictly professional lines he is connected with the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. His work has been of vital importance in professional circles of the city and the honors and successes which he has won are well merited. CHARLES ORLANDO JENKINS. Charles Orlando Jenkins, a successful representative of the Cleveland bar and the president of the Jenkins Steamship Company, was born in this city, May 28, 1872, and was the second in a family of four sons and one daughter. His brothers are: Dr. Alfred A. and Dr. Henry Jenkins, both well known phy- sicians of Cleveland ; and William B. Jenkins, a student in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Boston. The sister is Mrs. Eugene T Bush, of Cleveland. The public schools afforded him his preliminary educational advantages and his more specifically classical course was pursued in Yale University, from which he was graduated A. B. in 1894. He was a prominent representative of athletic interests there, belonging to the football team and also to the boating crew. For three years following his graduation he filled the position of instructor in classics in the Western Reserve University, there remaining until 1897. In the meat-lime, in 1895, he had become a member of Troop A, of Cleveland, and upon the outbreak of the Spanish-American war enlisted in Troop G, First Ohio Cavalry, in which he served until mustered out in November, 1908 holding the rank of regimental color sergeant. Following his military experience Mr. Jenkins entered the Harvard Law school and upon his graduation in 1901 with the degree of Bachelor of Law, he was admitted to the bar and began practice in Cleveland, forming a partnership with Roger M. Lee, under the firm style of Lee & Jenkins, which continued until June, 1905, when he became senior member of the firm of Jenkins, Russell & Eichelberger. Since the 1st of November, 1908, he has practiced alone, making a specialty of admiralty law, in which department he is well versed. He has ever remained a student of his profession, constantly adding to his knowledge of the law, while the thoroughness with which he prepares his cases and the forceful manner in which he presents his cause are salient features in his success. His commercial interests have been confined almost entirely to steamship business. In 1902 he organized the Jenkins Steamship Company, of which he has since been the president and which owns and operates five large freighters on the lakes. He is likewise interested to some extent in other steamship lines and his business of this character contributes in substantial measure to his annual income. He is well known in both connections as a splendid representative of the spirit of enterprise. 814 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND On the 24th of October, 1907, Mr. Jenkins was married in Cleveland to Miss Abby Stewart, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hill Stewart, of this city. They reside at No. 8314 Euclid avenue in a residence owned by Mr. Jenkins. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and while he has occasionally made addresses in the campaigns, he has never sought 0r held office. He finds his chief source of recreation in outdoor sports and, appreciative of the social amenities of life, he holds membership in the University and Euclid Clubs. He also belongs to the Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Lake Carriers Association and the Chamber of Commerce. Without pretense or display he has put forth his energies in lines where discrimination has led the way, realizing the fact that unremitting industry and close application are as indispensable essentials to success at the bar as in commercial or industrial life. He stands as a splendid example of the college-bred man who has learned to utilize his native powers to the best advantage and is thus making continuous progress in the fields of labor where he puts forth his efforts. NOYES BILLINGS PRENTICE, M. D. It is seldom that an individual wins distinction in more than one line of business, but Dr. Prentice has become recognized as an eminent physician and surgeon and has won success as a financier. Born on the 25th of November, 1827, in Unionville, Lake county, Ohio, he was the third son of N. B. Prentice, who was a saddler by trade and followed that pursuit for a long period. He was also captain of a cavalry company for many years and his salient characteristics were such as won for him the high regard of many who knew him. Dr. Prentice was a youth of twelve years when the family removed to Harpersfield, Ashtabula county, Ohio. At that time his father suffered financial reverses, which made it necessary for the son to provide for his own support and also to aid in the maintenance of the family. While young to shoulder such responsibilities, he did not hesitate but at once sought employment, which he secured as errand boy, while later he was advanced to the position of clerk. His educational advantages were thereby limited but laudable ambition prompted him to utilize every means at hand for advancement. It was his desire to become a member of the medical profession and in order to accomplish this, and as a means toward an end, he took up the study of dentistry at the suggestion of Dr. James Stoddard, that the practice of that profession might bring him sufficient means to enable him to prepare for the practice of medicine. He studied and practiced with Dr. Stoddard for two years and at the age of twenty-one began reading medicine under the direction of Dr. J. C. Hubbard, of Ashtabula. His preliminary reading was supplemented by a course of lectures in the Cleveland Medical College in the term of 1850-51. In the spring of the latter year he went to Canfield, Mahoning county, Ohio, where he read and practiced medicine with an elder brother, Dr. Walter M. Prentice, as his preceptor. Subsequently he removed to Ravenna, Ohio, and formed a partnership with Dr. A. Belding and Dr. Collins of that place. While he resided there he further qualified for onerous and advanced professional service by attending lectures at the Starling Medical C0llege of Columbus, Ohio, from which he was graduated in March, 1856. Soon after his graduation Dr. Prentice f0rmed a partnership with his brother, who had removed from Canfield to Cleveland and opened an 0ffice on the west side. The relation between them continued until 1863, when Dr. Walter M. Prentice entered the army on the staff of General Frye and became recognized as a surgeon of rare ability. Dr. Noyes Billings Prentice, at the commencement of the war, was also appointed a surgeon under Colonel George B. Senter, and was stationed at Taylor and afterward at Camp Cleveland on the Heights. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 815 In 1862 he was appointed acting assistant surgeon of the United States army and had charge of one of the divisions of the general hospital. While acting in that position more than ten thousand men were examined by him. The same year he was made chief surgeon in charge of the marine hospital at Cleveland and so continued until appointed United States marshal on the 1st of July, 1872, through the selection of General Grant. He filled that position for two terms, having been reappointed in 1874, after which he resumed the private practice of medicine in Cleveland. He was also appointed the first deputy marshal and selected the first United States juryman in his district. He likewise acted as coroner of the county and as a member of the board of health, and in all official service his course was characterized by the utmost loyalty to duty and by the highest standards of service. He took an active interest in local politics, occupying important positions on various committees and never faltering in his allegiance to the party which was the defense of the Union in the dark days of the Civil war and has always been the organ of reform and progress.' He stood firmly by President Lincoln's administration and in the darkest days of the conflict never doubted the issue. He was a great admirer of Henry Clay and a warm personal friend of Senator Sherman. On the 1st of May, 1853, Dr. Prentice was married to Miss Georgia A. Crary, of Monroe, Michigan. She was born in Lexington, Kentucky, during a brief residence of her parents at that place. Her grandparents in both the paternal and maternal lines were very early settlers of Lake county, Ohio, and both grandfathers were valiant soldiers of the Revolutionary war. Dr. Prentice is survived by only one child, Mrs. Charles A. Dunklee, of Cleveland. Dr. Prentice attended the Episcopal church and was very liberal to organized charities, while in private relations he also displayed a most benevolent spirit. He was in hearty sympathy with the principles of Masonry and attained the thirty- second degree of the Scottish Rite. While Dr. Prentice became recognized as one of the eminent physicians of Cleveland, keeping in touch with the trend of general progress in professional lines and by his own investigation and research also adding much to his knowledge and ability, he was not alone known because of his understanding of the principles and methods of practice of medical science. He also figured prominently in banking circles, becoming one of the charter members of the Citizens Savings & Trust Company, and was a member of the advisory board at the time of his death. He passed away at the venerable age of eighty-one years, and though he is no longer one of the residents of the city where he had lived and labored for a half century, he is yet remembered by a large majority of Cleveland's leading residents, who honor him because of his superior attainments in professional lines and his fidelity to all of the principles of honorable and upright manhood. HENRY BOLLINGER. The destinies of that large and thriving industry, the Phoenix Ice Machine Company, whose offices are situated at 1566 Merwin Road, have for the past three years in large measure rested in the efficient hands of Henry Bollinger. He is a native of Switzerland, born January 16, 1856, his parents being Henry and Elizabeth Bollinger. The former was a Swiss wagonmaker, who was born June 1, 1811, and died in 1879. Until his fourteenth year Mr. Bollinger attended the schools of his native country and from that age until some years past the attainment of his majority was busily engaged in mastering the machinist's trade. When about twenty-six years of age he came with his wife to America, and going to Akron, Ohio, found employment for six months as a machinist. Drawn by the larger opportunities 816 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of a great city, he came to Cleveland and spent his first six months here in the employment of the Langenau Manufacturing Company. After a year as machinist with the Myler Manufacturing Company, he became foreman and erecting engineer with the Arctic Ice Machine Company. Here his usefulness proved to be such that he remained for fourteen years and then left only to enter into partnership with Mr. Reiley, under the firm name of Bollinger & Reiley. After a time he sold his interests and organized the Phoenix Ice Machine Company which came into active existence January I, 1907. Among the products turned out by the Phoenix Ice Machine Company are ice-making and refrigerating plants, and the like. Mr. Bollinger was married in Switzerland, April 6, 1882, to Mary Michelberger. They have one son, Harry Ernst, born March 19, 1888, who is secretary and treasurer of the Phoenix Ice Machine Company. The family residence is at 2070 West Twenty-Sixth street. Mr. Bollinger has a number of pleasant affiliations, being a Mason with membership in the blue lodge and a member of the Knights of Pythias. He also belongs to the Swiss Society and his uncommon executive abilities are again brought into play as president of the Swiss Aid Society. He is independent in politics and a member of the Reformed Lutheran church. His success has by no means been one sided, for he is esteemed as much as a man and a gentleman as he is as a factor in the industrial world. SAMUEL L. HENRY. Samuel L. Henry, identified for many years with the real-estate and contracting business in Cleveland, was born on a farm in Aberdeenshire, Scotland, March 11, 1864, a son of Francis and Margaret (Leighton) Henry. In 1884 the family crossed the Atlantic to America and the father engaged in farming and stock-raising near Galt, Canada, up to the time of his death, which occurred in 1885. The mother still survives and at the age of seventy years resides in Cleveland with a daughter, Mrs. Dawe. Samuel L. Henry attended school in his native village until coming to America, after which he assisted in the work of his father's farm for a time. He had previously served an apprenticeship to the blacksmith's trade in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. In 1889 he came to Cleveland and through .the following five years was engaged in horseshoeing and blacksmithing. The succeeding seven years he spent at the Forest City Stock Farm, following his trade of horseshoeing. Returning to Cleveland, he noted the city's rapid growth and determined on engaging in the real-estate and contracting business, to which he has since devoted his energies, operating extensively in the building and sale of residence properties. He is now well known as a speculative builder and his efforts have contributed to the substantial improvement of various sections of the city. In 1892 Mr. Henry was married to Miss Alice Ellacott, a daughter of John and Anna Ellacott, the former a contractor and builder, of English birth. Three children were born of this marriage : Bernice, who died at the age of five years ; Verna Irene, whose birth occurred September '19, 1899 ; and Alice Frances Marie, who was born April 16, 1907. Verna is now a student in the Columbia school. The family residence is at No. 10604 Elgin avenue, which was erected by Mr. Henry in 1906. The members of the household are identified with the Glenville Presbyterian church. Mrs. Henry was born in London, England, and in 1888 came to the United States with her parents, who made their way direct to Cleveland. She acquired her education in her native land and became identified with kindergarten work in this city in connection with Miss Fannie Davis, of Sawtell avenue, She was among the pioneers in this kind of work in the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 819 city and she numbers among her former pupils those who are today counted with the prominent young business men of Cleveland. Mr. Henry finds his recreation in motoring. In politics he has been identified with the democratic party where national issues are involved but at local elections votes independently, deeming the fitness of the candidate of the greatest importance. Coming to America with limited resources save a strong constitution and a determination to make the most of his opportunities, he has by close application and shrewd business management earned the right to be numbered with those who have succeeded. He has gained a large circle of friends who admire him for his energy and rugged honesty. JOHN D. CHAMBERS. John D. Chambers, secretary and treasurer of the Art Engraving & Electro Company, resides on Stanwood Hill Road in East Cleveland. He was born February 1, 1851, in Lawrence county, Pennsylvania, of Scotch-Irish parentage. Reared at the place of his nativity, he acquired a public-school education and thus qualified for the practical duties of life. He then took up the profession of teaching in the public schools and in 1877 entered the employ of the Standard Oil Company at Pittsburg. Later he went to Toledo, Ohio, as manager for the company in that city and in December, 1885, he came to Cleveland, at which time he was made manager of the lubricating department of the Standard Oil Company here, continuing with that corporation for twenty-five years, or until 1892, when he resigned and turned his attention to the publication of the Engineers Review, which he managed until 1907, when that paper was consolidated with the Power of New York. At present Mr. Chambers is secretary and treasurer of the Art Engraving & Electro Company, which has a well equipped establishment and is enjoying a constantly increasing business. In November, 1885, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Chambers and Miss Jessie Parmlee, of Toledo, Ohio. Unto them have been born two children: Helen, who died May 29, 1909; and Orpha, who is attending the Normal School. Mr. Chambers does not belong to any societies or lodges but gives much time and attention to church and public-school work and to the Young Men's Christian Association. For seventeen years he has served as a member of the board of education of East Cleveland and in his honor the Chambers school building was so framed. In all those relations of life which demand loyalty of citizenship and upright manhood he is never lacking. His political allegiance is usually given to the republican party but he does not consider himself bound by party ties and his individual judgment is exercised in his voting. He and his family attend the Presbyterian church and they occupy an attractive home, which he owns, while in other sections of the city he also has property interests. In the years of his residence in Cleveland his influence has always been found on the side of progress, and he is ever interested in all movements that make for the common good. WILLIAM GROTHE. The personnel of the White Sewing Machine Company is made up of many forceful, persistent and far-sighted business men well qualified to manage the important interests in their care. Among the number is William Grothe, who is now occupying the responsible position of superintendent. He was born in Karlshaven, Germany, on the 30th of May, 1847, and was six years of age when he crossed the broad Atlantic to the new world, it requiring seven weeks to 820 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND make the voyage to New York. The year 1853 witnessed his arrival in Cleveland as well, and he was sent as a pupil to the public schools, where he remained until he put aside his text-books and became a factor in the world's work. Mr. Grothe was employed in connection with various positions in electrical lines and was also engaged m making sewing machine repairs. He afterward spent two years in the employ of Edwin Cowles, of the Cleveland Leader, and in 1870 he came to the White Manufacturing Company and has continued with the company up to the present time with the exception of a year and a half spent in the service of W. G. Wilson. He filled the position of experimenter until 1889, after which he was made assistant superintendent and so c0ntinued until 1893. Further promotion then came to him in his appointment as superintendent and for sixteen years he has now had complete charge of the factory. Prior to this time he had so closely applied himself that he had become familiar with all of the practical working thereof and was well qualified for the duties that devolved upon him as he assumed the management. He thoroughly understands mechanics and the scientific principles relative thereto, while his specific knowledge of machine building is most comprehensive and exact. He is now one of the stockholders and is also a director of the company. In 1870 Mr. Grothe was united in marriage to Miss Anna Cobelli, a daughter of Carl J. and F. Cobelli. Their children are : Mrs. W. F. Maurer ; Walter ; Oscar, who is married; and Frank A. Mr. Grothe gives his political allegiance to the republican party, which he has served since, age conferred upon him the right of franchise. He early learned the lesson that success must be purchased at the price of earnest, self-denying labor, and as the years have gone by his record has been one of indefatigable effort, close application and intelligent direction. His promotions have come to him by reason of his faithfulness, trustworthiness and capability, and he is now one of the foremost representatives of industrial interests in Cleveland. GUSTAV SCHAEFER. Gustav Schaefer is a carriage and wagon builder. His shop is at 4170-4180 Lorain avenue, Cleveland, Ohio. The different kinds of vehicles he makes are second to none. Mr. Schaefer was born in Willmenrode, Nassau, Germany. He landed in New York in 1866 at the age of twenty-one years. He commenced at the age of twelve years to help his father in making the woodwork for wagons ; everything had to be made by hand; machinery was in its infancy. They had to haul the logs out of the forest themselves, had to square them with the axe and saw them by hand with a rip or cross-cut saw. Spokes were split and shaped by hand, also hubs were turned on a hand lathe. Felloes were not sawed out of planks but hewed out of the log. He had to attend public school eight years, eight hours a day, and yet when he was fourteen years of age was capable to make a complete wheel. When he was fifteen years old he served four years apprenticeship at blacksmithing. At nineteen he opened a shop for himself and made money enough in two years to make the trip across the ocean and after a long journey of seven weeks (of course on a sail boat) arrived safely in New York. After working a year at his trade in a large shop in that city, he came here to Cleveland in 1868 and worked about twelve years steady, in some of the best carriage shops in Cleveland until 1880. He then commenced in the carriage business and went into partnership with Henry Eckhardt. They were together seven years, dissolving partnership in 1887. They had a hard struggle for existence but Schaefer's aim was to do the work right or not at all, having confidence in the public at large that they would find out in the length of time the superior qualities of his work. Succeeding in HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 823 his aim, he today employs a force of about fifty skilled workmen. Everybody knows Schaefer's works, it is made all right and in demand all over. Thousands of people who are using Schaefer wagons claim they cann0t wear them out. Experts from all over claim Schaefer's work is not only a credit to Cleveland's industry but also to American manufacturing. There is nothing better made. THOMAS J. KIRCHNER. The florists of Cleveland as a class are exceptionally well fitted for the suc- cessful prosecution of their line of business and as there is ever a heavy demand for flowers, both cut and growing, there are a number of them to be found here. Among those thus identified with an important branch of trade is Thomas J. Kirchner, of No. 6701 Quincy avenue. He was born on the site of his present residence, September 16, 1870, a son of Thomas and Katherine Kirchner. The father was born in Bavaria, June 9, 1855, and came to America with his parents while yet a lad, locating in Wheeling, West Virginia, whence they came to Cleveland by canal b0at in 1845. The father was a florist and established himself in business but retired in 1894, leaving his son, Thomas J. Kirchner, in charge, although he retained an interest in it until 1900, when the son gained full control. Following this the father lived retired at South Euclid, Ohio, until his demise in 1907, and his widow, who survives him, is still living there. Thomas J. Kirchner was educated in the Cleveland public schools until 1885, when he began working for his father, learning the business under his instruction. Since becoming owner of the establishment, it has developed wonderfully and is one of the finest and best known houses of its kind in the city. He is now using the output of ten private greenhouses, having an elegantly equipped work shop and designing room. He is an extensive grower of plants and his interests are centered on his business. On September 29, 1896, Mr. Kirchner married Ida Duffner, a daughter of George Duffner, of Norwalk, Ohio. They have two exceptionally bright bys : Norman, aged eight ; and Allan, aged six. The elder has been attending the public school two years, while little Allan has just entered. Both showed mental activity at a very early age, telling time by the watch when only five. Their kindergarten courses have prepared them for rapid advancement in their classes. Mr. Kirchner is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Eagles, Moose, Foresters, Protected Home Circle, National Union and Society of American Florists, being popular in all. Having devoted his entire life to his work, Mr. Kirchner is well fitted for it, and his success has been rightly gained through legitimate effort intelligently directed. MAURICE I. BLANCHARD. Standing today at the head of that prosperous enterprize the Mechanical Rubber Company, is Maurice I. Blanchard, who was born in Rochester, Pennsylvania, October 28, 1857, his parents being Ira and Dorcas Blanchard. His father was a native of Vermont, born in Montpelier in 1808, when the new nation could count its career in independence by only a little more than three decades. Early in life he went to Rochester, Pennsylvania, where for many years he was engaged as station agent for the old Pittsburg, Fort Wayne & Chicago Railway. His death occurred in 184 Maurice I. Blanchard was educated in the public schools until his thirteenth year, when he entered the vast army 0f wage earners. Employed as a mes- senger boy in a telegraph office, by natural energy and application he soon learned 824 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND to be an operator and in that capacity was transferred to various points upon the railroad with which his father had also found employment. In 1882 he made a radical change by coming to Cleveland and engaging with the Cleveland Rubber Company as bookkeeper. His ability was such that he rapidly advanced, becoming secretary and treasurer in 1892 and when the firm became the Mechanical Rubber Company he 'was made general manager of the same. In 1907 he received the highest compliment in its bestowal by election to the presidency. This firm manufactures a general line of mechanical rubber whose merits are recognized far and wide. 4 It has agents and stores scattered over the entire United States and the number of both, of these is steadily increasing. Another proof of Mr. Blanchard's splendid executive capacity is the fact that he is also president of the Sawyer Belting Company, a large and successful business. Mr. Blanchard was married in May, 1882, to Miss Shapnack, of Salem, Ohio, and this union has been blessed by the birth of two children. Harry G., twenty-six years of age, is assistant president of the Mechanical Rubber Company. Martha, at home, is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown. School of Cleveland and has a decided penchant for music and painting. Mr. and Mrs. Blanchard and their family reside at 8420 Carnegie avenue. Mr. Blanchard is affiliated with two of Cleveland's prominent organizations, the Colonial Club and the Cleveland Athletic Club. He is also a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Delighting in outdoor life, he has a decided fondness for that most fascinating of modern amusements, motor riding and driving. His political sympathies are with the republican party. Loyal in his friendships and honorable in his business relations, he stands on a sure footing in the esteem of his fellowmen. JOHN HIRSIUS. John Hirsius is one of the well known German-American residents of Cleveland, as well as one of the city's substantial business men, and through the years of his residence here has amassed a comfortable fortune in a manner to retain the highest respect of those with whom he has had dealings. Moreover, he has the distinction of being the oldest cooper in Cleveland. He was born in Essenheim, Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, on the 29th of September, 1843, his parents being John and Catherine Hirsius, who were likewise natives of that country. The father, who was a farmer by occupation and spent his entire life in Germany, passed away in 1867. The mother of our subject was called to her final rest at the age of sixty-seven years. John Hirsius, who obtained his education in the schools of his native land, was but a lad of about thirteen years when he crossed the Atlantic to the United States in April, 1856. He came to America on a visit but not with the intention of continuing here. He was, however, so impressed with the advantages and opportunities of the new world that he concluded to remain and try his fortune on this side the Atlantic. His sole capital at that time consisted of thirty-five cents in money, but he also possessed a rugged constitution and an industrious nature, and he resolved that he would win success if it could be done by earnest persistent and honest effort. On landing he made his way at once to Cleveland and after determining to remain began work as a farm hand, being thus engaged until the outbreak of the Civil war. He then served in the commissary department for three and a half years and when hostilities had ceased returned to Cleveland and embarked in the cooperage business, in which he has been actively and successfully engaged to the present time. The years have witnessed a steady increase in his business until it is now one of extensive and profitable proportions and he has the reputation of being the oldest cooper in the city, his connection with that line of activity now covering more, than four decades. He is likewise a HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 827 director and a member of the finance committee of the Broadway Savings & Trust Company, also of the Woodland Avenue Savings & Trust Company and of the German-American Savings Bank Company. Of the first two he was one of the original directors. He is likewise a director of the Cleveland Home Brewing Company and the Lake Erie Provision Company and. is financially interested in the Cleveland Worsted Mills Company as well as in a number of other concerns. He was one of the founders of the Canfield Oil Company and has ever since been one of its directors. During the summer months he spends most of his leisure time on his farm, which is at East View and is a valuable tract of fifty acres. On the 3d of October, 1866, Mr. Hirsius was united in marriage to Miss Caroline Muehl, who was born in Neunkirchen, province of Nassau, Germany, and was brought to Cleveland, Ohio, when but eight years of age. Mr. Hirsius was fortunate in his selection of a wife, f6r she has been of great help to him, her counsel and advice having been often sought and found valuable. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hirsius were born twelve children, seven of whom still survive, as follows: Caroline, the wife of Charles Eichler, of Cleveland; Elizabeth, at home; William; Edward; Otto, who is employed in the office of a railroad company at New Orleans; Olga, the wife of John Dippel, of Cleveland; and Amanda. For over a quarter of a century the family residence in Cleveland has been at what is now 3421 Scovill avenue. Politically Mr. Hirsius is a stanch republican, giving loyal support to the men and measures of that party. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and the German Pioneers Society, while fraternally he is identified with Concordia Lodge, F. & A. M. His life record in its various phases has ever commanded the regard and trust of his fellowmen and he well deserves mention in this volume as one of Cleveland's respected and representative residents. He has for some years occupied a place among the financial men of Cleveland and few, if any, enjoy a higher reputation for integrity and foresight. HERMAN KOPPEL. Herman Koppel, who is engaged in the general insurance business has prospered since he came to Cleveland. He was born May T0, 1853, at Ludwigshofen, Bavaria, and on coming to the United States, came direct to Cleveland, at the close of the Franco-Prussian war, November 4, 1872. As he did not want to serve his term in the army, he came here to escape military duty. He acted as advertising manager for the Waechter am Erie, Cleveland's leading German paper, for twelve years. In 1885 he embarked in the general insurance business with D. Jankau, the firm being Jankau & Koppel, the partnership continuing for eighteen years, when in 1903, Mr. Koppel withdrew and engaged in business independently. He has had the agency for three fire insurance companies for over twenty years and is now writing more btliness for the London Globe Fire Insurance Company than any other sub-agency in Cleveland. Owing to his energy and foresight, he has succeeded in his endeavors and is now doing a gratifying business. In 1880 Mr. Koppel was married to Miss Fanny Baer, of Milwaukee, and they have two living children : Maurice K. and Sophia. Unfortunately they were called upon to mourn the loss of a beautiful daughter, Selma, who passed away May 10, 1908. Mr. Koppel is training his son so that he may assume the management of the business he has established when he desires to retire. The young man is very promising and has inherited many 0f his father's sterling traits of character, making friends everywhere. While Mr. Koppel has always taken an interest in public matters, he has never entered politics, being independent in his views. For the past thirty years 828 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND he has been a member of the Excelsior Club, and for twelve years was its secretary. He is extremely fond of music, art and the theater. A patron of many charitable institutions, Mr. Koppel dpes not allow his generosity to stop with that, but gives freely and cheerfully to those in need, quietly and without any ostentation. Cleveland has no firmer friend than this typical German-American, who never loses an opportunity to praise his city and to advance its interests. Successful in both business and social circles; honored by his associates and beloved by his family and friends, Mr. Koppel is a citizen of whom any city might well be proud. EDWARD WIEBENSON. Edward Wiebenson, president of the United Banking & Savings Company, was born in the province of Holstein, Germany, August 19, 1859. The father, Jacob Wiebenson, a son of John and Margaret Wiebenson, came with his family to America in 1865, settling in Davenport, Iowa, where he engaged in the furniture manufacturing business until his death. He married Anna. Reimers, a daughter of Detlef Reimers, and her death occurred in Gladbrook, Iowa, in January, 1907, when she was sixty-eight years of age. There were two children in the family, the younger being a daughter, Amanda, now the wife of Leopold Wieland. Edward Wiebenson was educated in the public schools of Davenport and also studied in Germany between the ages of fourteen and sixteen years. Returning to America in 1876, he went Traer, Iowa, where he became drug clerk and after mastering the business, and a year's apprenticeship in a Chicago drug store and course in chemistry at the Rush Medical College, he went to Gladbrook, Iowa, where he established a drug store on his own account. Ill health, however, compelled him to dispose of his store at that place, and subsequently he entered the field of financial affairs by purchasing an interest in the Bank of Gladbrook. After a brief period, on account of his health he disposed of same and went to Kansas to build up. While at Dodge City, he organized a bank. In 1888 he disposed of his interests there to accept a position as teller with the Savings & Trust Company in Cleveland, Ohio, now the Citizens Savings & Trust Company. Two years were thus passed, and on October 28, 1890, was elected secretary and treasurer of The West Side Banking Company, now The United Banking and Savings Company. In 1906 he was elected vice president, followed by election in January, 1907, to office of president. During his twenty years' connection with this institution he has been one of the potent forces in placing the bank among the soundest and most reliable of the, state's financial concerns. Everything that is in harmony with conservative and reliable banking is carried on in this bank, which has won a most creditable reputation for enterprise and efficiency. Mr. Wiebenson is also a director of the Beckman Company, the Cleveland National Bank, treasurer of the Stark Electric Railroad Company, vice president of the Cleveland Pneumatic Tool Company, and trustee of the Riverside Cemetery Association. On the 23d of May, 1891, occurred the marriage of Mr. Wiebenson and Miss Dora L. Tiedemann, who died in Frankfurt, Germany, December 4, 1906. She was a daughter of Hannes and Louise Tiedemann, the former one of Cleveland's prominent business men and financiers, well known here in financial circles and a founder of the firm of The Weideman Company. Unt0 Mr. and Mrs. Wiebenson were born five children: Edward R., Walter E., John Jacob, Howard C., and Albert A., a twin brother of Walter E., who died November 19, 1896. The family reside at No. 4304 Franklin Avenue. When leisure permits Mr. Wiebenson indulges a little in golf and in the periods of more extensive vacation travels. He belongs to the Masonic fra- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 829 ternity, attaining the Knight Templar degree in Holyrood Commandery. He is also a member of the Union and Euclid Clubs. His political views accord with republican principles and he is doing public service as a member of the board of trustees of the library sinking fund. He is also one of the directors of the Chamber of Industry and a member of the Chamber of Commerce. He deserves classification with Cleveland's successful men and an analyzation of his life record shows that this is due to close application to business, combined with the faculty of correctly judging safe investments and the iron-clad rule of absolute honesty in all his dealings with the public. There has not been a single esoteric phase in his career, his course being such as will bear the strong light of public investigation. He will tolerate no business methods of procedure that fall short of the highest standard of financial and commercial ethics and as president of the United Banking & Savings Company occupies an honorable position among Cleveland's financiers. RABBI MOSES J. GRIES. Moses J. Gries, who since 1892 has been rabbi of The Temple of Cleveland, deserves honor and recognition for what he has accomplished not only for the people of his own religion but along humanitarian, benevolent and educational lines for the city at large. Jew and Gentile alike entertain the highest respect for Rabbi Gries, whose scholarship well qualifies him for his work of teaching and his ready sympathy for the labors which he is doing on behalf of his fellowmen. He was born in Newark, New Jersey, January 25, 1868, a son of Jacob and Katie Gries, the former of Hungarian and the latter of Bohemian descent. At the age of eleven years he completed a grammar-school course, being the youngest graduate in the history of his native city. For two years thereafter he was at school in New York city and at the age of thirteen he matriculated in the Hebrew Union College, of Cincinnati, which he attended for eight years. At the same time, from 1881 until 1885, he pursued his studies in the Hughes high school and fr0m 1885 until 1889 in the University of Cincinnati, then known as McMicken University. When twenty-one years of age he was graduated from the university with the Bachelor of Letters degree and from the Hebrew Union College as a rabbi. He had lost his 4ther at the age of three years, his mother at the age of seven, and early developed a spirit of self-reliance and independence which awakened his latent powers. He began studying for the ministry when only eleven years of age. Following his graduation he became rabbi at Chattanooga, Tennessee, where he remained from 1889 until November, 1892, when he was called to Cleveland. He has since been rabbi of The Temple here, which under his enthusiastic leadership has become the leading Jewish congregation of the city and in the course of ten years advanced to one of the leading congregations in the country. The Temple Sabbath school is the largest congregational school in all the world: The Temple ranks with the best in power and influence and in its helpful service to men and women and children. On the 15th of June, 1898, Rabbi Gries was married in Cleveland to Miss Frances Hays, a daughter of Kaufman and Lizzie Hays and a granddaughter of Simson Thorman, who was the first Jewish settler in Cleveland. Their children are Robert Hays and Lincoln Hays Gries. Under his guidance there have been started organizations for men, women and children. Thus he has established the institutional work in his congregation, but, too broad minded to center his efforts in this particular field, he has responded to the call which humanity has made and has done splendid work in connection with the Cleveland Associated Charities, the Hebrew Relief Association, the Council of Jewish Women, the Educational League, the Cleveland Council of Sociology, the Council Educational Alliance and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. 830 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Wherever man needs the aid of his fellowmen Rabbi Gries is quick to respond and his studies of great soci0logical and economic conditions, as well as of individual cases, has made his service of a most practical character. He has been associated with many state and national movements, particularly those interested in the betterment of human conditions. He has also been president of the alumni association of the Hebrew Union College and is now treasurer of the Central Conference of American Rabbis; also chairman of its committee on religious education. For more than a decade he has been president of the Educational League. It has been during the ministry of Rabbi Gries that the present splendid Temple at the corner of Willson and Central avenues has been erected, the building being dedicated for divine worship -in September, 1894. One of the members of his congregation said of his work : "Others have planned and executed but the inspiring word and the personal work of our Rabbi during these ten years have been the mightiest force for good. He has rendered faithful service to The Temple and to Cleveland. He has influenced Jews and non-Jews, unselfishly he has given himself to Jewish and non-sectarian charities. Every movement for public good has known and welcomed his presence as a worker and leader. As Jew and citizen, his voice has been eagerly heard upon all important occasions. By his noble thought, by his useful work, but more especially by his life, he has brought honor to the Jew. We honor him as our Rabbi." ALWIN C. ERNST. There are few business enterprises that have passed on to success by such leaps and bounds as has Ernst & Ernst and few young business men who have won for themselves so creditable and enviable a position within a short space of time as the partners in this firm. Today the name of Alwin C. Ernst is widely known not only in Cleveland but as well in New York, Boston, Chicago and other cities to which he has extended his efforts and his enterprise, as the sphere of his activity is one of constantly broadening usefulness. He is a certified public accountant, member of the Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants and member of the American Association of Public Accountants of New York city. He was born in Cleveland, and is a son of John C. and Mary (Hertle) Ernst, also of this city. At the usual age he entered the public schools and eventually became a student in the West high school. He entered business life in the employ of F. Hohlfelder, Jr., a public accountant, with whom he continued and rose to the position of chief clerk and a large stockholder in the Audit Company of Cleveland, which was organized in 1902. The following year he resigned and formed a partnership with his brother T. C. Ernst, under the firm style of Ernst & Ernst, which name continues to the present time. Almost from the beginning the firm was accorded a liberal patronage and after becoming well established in business in Cleveland they branched out, opening Offices in the First National Bank building of Chicago in May, 1908, and in the Hanover Bank building of New York on the 1st of March, 1909. The business is departmental, having banking, telephone, factory, cost and other departments. Although this is a young firm, they have become very well known and occupy a position of high repute, being employed in some of the most important banking and manufacturing interests of the east and central west. They have been employed in Cleveland in municipal traction affairs and by the largest industrial concerns of the city. In February, 1910, the firm were appointed auditors for the newly appointed street railway commissioner of Cleveland. The appointment is an exceedingly important one, as a constant independent audit must be kept of all street railway transactions. Ernst & Ernst constitute the most important firm of individual telephone auditors in the United States and have been employed by the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 833 United States government for national bank examinations. Many banks and trust companies are among their patrons and the plain recital of the facts concerning their business indicates its rapid growth and the superiority of the service furnished. The young firm stands today among the most prominent auditing companies in the United States and its progressive methods should soon make it the leading firm of strictly American public accountants in this country. In 1903 was celebrated the marriage of Alwin C. Ernst and Miss Charlotta Elizabeth Fawcett, a daughter of James Fawcett, of Cleveland, and they have one child, Ruth Charlotta, born November 28, 1906. The parents hold membership in the Pilgrim Congregational church and are interested in many lines of church and charitable work. Mr. Ernst is one of the fiscal trustees of the Young Women's Christian Association and was one of the incorporators of the Hiram Home settlement. In his political allegiance he is a republican, interested in the growth and success of the party, giving to the vital questions of the day that interest which every true American citizen should do. His activity in municipal affairs has largely been directed through the channels of the Chamber of Commerce. He is appreciative of the social amenities of life, as is manifested in his membership in the Union, Tippecanoe and Cleveland Athletic Clubs, in which latter club he is serving on the house committee; he is also a member of the Toledo Club of Toledo, Ohio. His salient characteristics summed up show him to be a man of force in the department of business which he has chosen as his life work, as a citizen of progressive and public spirit, as a man mindful of his duties and obligations to his fellowmen, and yet one whose life finds much of joy and pleasure, while his own genial and courteous nature is such as sheds around him much of life's sunshine. JOHN HENRY LIBBY. John Henry Libby, who for more than two decades has now been actively identified with the industrial interests of Cleveland as a cement contractor, has built up an extensive and profitable business in concrete and cement work. He was born in Germany in 1853, his parents being Frederick and Louisa (Teaman) Libby, who were likewise natives of that country. The father, whose birth occurred in 1825, came to the United States in 1857 and took up his abode at Warrensville, now Randall, Ohio, where he conducted a sawmill. He was not long permitted to enjoy his new home, however, for he was called to his final rest in September, 1861. The demise of his wife occurred when their son John was only about two years old. John Henry Libby, who was but four years of age when he accompanied his father on the voyage to the new world, obtained his education in the schools of South Euclid, a suburb of Cleveland. After putting aside his text-books he entered the employ of Jacob Wansor, a stove dealer of Cleveland, with whom he remained for about five years. On the expiration of that period he secured a position with Bingham & Phelps, a stove and hardware concern on Ontario street, continuing in their employ until the 1st of April, T888. On that date he entered upon the line of activity with which he has since been continuously identified, becoming associated with his father-in-law, A. Mathews, under the firm style of Mathews & Libby. This relation was maintained with mutual pleasure and profit until 1900, since which time Mr. Libby has remained the sole proprietor of the business, having purchased his partner's interest when the latter retired. His services as a cement contractor are now demanded in all sections of Ohio, as well as surrounding states, and the gratifying measure of success which has attended his labors in this connection is the merited reward of his untiring energy and capable management. He is likewise the president of the American Concrete Stone Company. 834 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND As a companion and helpmate on the journey of life Mr. Libby chose Miss Mary Alberta Mathews, a native of Canada. Their children are five in number, namely : Mrs. Eleanor Alberta Chandler, Mrs. Carrie Louisa. Hoffman, Mrs. Grace Lucille Frey, lRuth and Bertine. Politically Mr. Libby is a stalwart advocate of the principles of the republican party. He is a member of the Chamber of. Commerce, the Builders Exchange and the Cleveland Athletic Club and Dunedin Yacht Club. He has a wide and favorable acquaintance throughout the .county which has been his home for more than a half century, and the prosperity which he now enjoys is due to his .ambition to push to the front and to the faithful execution of all contracts in which he enters. FRANK D. STEVENSON. Frank D. Stevenson, one of the successful young contractors of Cleveland, has been identified with the construction of some of the important buildings here and has proven himself worthy of the confidence reposed in his ability. He was born in Mercer county, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1870, being a son of John and Eliza (Dumars) Stevenson. The father was a very remarkable man, being six feet, seven and one-half inches in height. During the Civil war when the Confederates entered Pennsylvania with the resulting battle at Gettysburg, he served until there was no more fear of an invasion. The family is one well known in history for George Stevenson, the inventor of the first steam engine, was a brother of Frank D. Stevenson's great-grandfather. John Stevenson was a farmer all his life. His death occurred in 1897 when he was seventy years of age. His wife died in the same year, aged sixty-seven years. The education of our subject was obtained in the common schools of Mercer county and at Grove City College, Pennsylvania. Leaving school in 1890, when only twenty years of age, he began learning the carpenter's trade and worked at it in Pittsburg for five years. In 1897 he removed to Texas, where he engaged in contracting, but as the climate did not agree with him, he located in Cleveland in 1900. In addition to other work, he built the Knickerbocker apartments on Euclid avenue; a large addition to the Winton auto factory and the Cleveland Baking Company's plant. His work is characterized by thoroughness and careful attention to detail. In 1890 Mr. Stevenson was married to Vinnie Reed, of Greenville, Pennsylvania, and they have three children : Harold S., Francis S. and Gertrude S. Mr. Stevenson's social affiliations are with the Country Auto Club. He is a man who has steadily risen through persistent efforts and painstaking attention to his work. His progress has been steady and his work is his best recommendation. CHARLES E. MAURER. Charles E. Maurer has given pro0f of ability both in professional and commercial lines, but, turning from the practice of law, he is now devoting his energies to the management 0f extensive business interests as the president of the Glens Run Coal Company, and president of the St. Clair & Standard Pocahontas Coal Companies. He was born in Austintown, Mahoning county, Ohio, in 1864, and supplemented his common-school education by an academic course pursued in Canfield, Ohio. He engaged in teaching in the district and high schools for several years but thinking to find other professional pursuits more profitable and more congenial, he took up the study of law with W. S. Anderson in Youngstown, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in 1889. He then practiced in Youngs- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 837 town for about eleven years, or until 1900, under the firm name of Maurer & Campbell. During that period Mr. Maurer was recognized as one of the local political leaders, although he did not court office nor did he ever hold a position of political preferment. At length he abandoned professional interests to engage in commercial activities and in 1900, removed to Cleveland, where he with others organized the Glens Run Coal Company, capitalized for five hundred thousand dollars. Of this he has since been president and the chief executive head. He is also the president of the St. Clair and Standard Pocahontas Coal Companies. These coal properties are very important and the mines have an annual output of one and a half million tons. The business interests of the companies are thoroughly organized with a view to minimizing time and labor, and the progressive business policy that has been instituted is the source of a legitimate and gratifying success. In 1893 Mr. Maurer was married to Miss Mary Young,' of Poland, Ohio, and they have two children: Edgar, fifteen years of age, a high-school student; and Isabelle, eight years of age. In 1905, thinking it better for his children's health, that they might enjoy the advantages of country life, Mr. Maurer re- moved with his family to Ravenna, Ohio, but his business interests still center in Cleveland. He is a member of the Cleveland Coal Club, the Cleveland Ath- letic Club and the Chamber of Commerce. In his business connections, he has gained more than local distinction, and is recognized as one who has worked un- selfishly toward the improvement and betterment of the coal industry in this state. FRANK BILLMAN. Frank Billman, an attorney, whose specialty is corporation and commercial law, although the extent and variety of his legal business would class him as a general practitioner, was born at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, March 31, 1868. His father, Alexander G. Billman, was a pioneer of Summit county, Ohio, and a man of large real-estate interests near Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio. In the public schools of Cuyahoga Falls, Frank Billman pursued his education and after graduating from the high school spent three years in Wooster University completing the work there up to the senior year. Mr. Billman concluded the practice of law was most attractive and began reading in the office of Ranneys & Mc- Kinney, with whom he remained until admitted to the bar in 1892. He has since practiced law alone in Cleveland, Ohio, and has given considerable attention to corporation and commercial law. Mr. Billman is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Young Men's Business Club, the Second Presbyterian church and the- Delta Kappa Epsilon alumni association. In politics he is a republican and from 1896 until 1900 was representative in the city council from the first district, which included what is now the first, second, third and fourth wards, during which time he was constantly in the public eye by reason of his activity in securing legislation effecting the welfare of the city of Cleveland. GEORGE H. BILLMAN. An untarnished public record, characterized by efficient work in behalf of municipal interests, has made George H. Billman well known to the public, while in legal circles he ranks with the strong and able lawyers 0f the Cleveland bar. He was born March 21, 1865, at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, and is a son of Alexander G. and Eliza (Hartman) Billman. Spending his youthful days in his parents' home, he pursued his education in the public schools until he had passed through consec- 838 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND utive grades to his graduation from the high school with the class of 1883. He completed a four years' course at the University of Wooster in 1887, and later on he received the degree of M. A. from the same institution. He took his law course at the University of Michigan and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1891. He located for practice in Cleveland in 1892 and has since made substantial progress here. He has never specialized in any department of the law but is equally at home in all divisions of the court work and has been accorded a liberal clientage. Politically Mr. Billman is a republican aggressive in the work of the party and always active in the interests of good government. He was president of the Cleveland city council for two terms, from 1898 until 1900, having been elected a member thereof from the city at large. He also represented the fourth district in the council from 1895 until 1901. He was an ex officio member of the Cleveland park board from 1898 until 1900 and during his incumbency in these various offices his official duties were discharged in such a manner as to leave no question as to his reliability and deep interest in all that pertained to municipal progress. On the 2d of February, 1909, Mr. Billman was married to Miss Anita Boyce, a daughter of Rev. Isaac Boyce, D. D., bishop of Mexico, his clerical office being created for him in that country. Mr. Billman was a member of the Beta Theta Pi college fraternity at the University of Wooster and the University of Michigan, and is also identified with other clubs and societies. He likewise belongs to the Presbyterian church and the motive springs of his conduct have their root in those principles which constitute the basic elements of honorable and upright manhood. REV. NICHOLAS PFEIL. The Rev. Nicholas Pfeil, rector of St. Peter's Roman Catholic church, is a native of Cleveland. He was born November 4, 1859, in the home of his parents, which at that time was one of the comfortable dwellings on Chatham street and to this day may be seen at the southeast corner of the intersection of Chatham avenue and West Thirty-second street, formerly known as Penn street. His parents belonged to that sturdy class of pioneer German settlers who did so much for the development of northern Ohio and of Cleveland in particular. Leaving their village in Baden, where they had been engaged in the bakery business, they joined a hand of emigrants for America, to seek their fortune in this western hemisphere. Germany in those days did not enjoy the prosperity it was blessed with later on. Being divided into almost countless small dukedoms and principalities, each supreme in its little territory, the people were harassed by all kinds of petty, galling laws. The opportunity to emigrate to a free country, that held out every promise of freedom in the pursuit of civil and religious happiness, was hailed with delight by unnumbered thousands of liberty-loving sons of the fatherland. Lawrence Pfeil, the father of the subject of this sketch, was but twenty-six years of age when he resolved to try his fortune abroad. Accordingly he sold his business and the few acres he had inherited, and departed from Koenigheim in the northern part of Baden, accompanied by his little family, consisting of wife and one child. In all his undertakings he was loyally supported by the faithful partner of life, who with a true Christian character combined all the noble qualities of a thrifty housewife. Before her marriage she had been Francisca Reinhart, the daughter of an industrious cobbler in the neighboring village of Gissigheim. Though the parting from relatives and home was intensely painful to her young and tender heart, she recognized it her bounden duty to leave her father and relations and to cling to her husband. A young woman of but twenty-four summers, with an infant at her breast, she joined the emigrant band and bade adieu to her home in Franconian Baden forever. Sailing down the Main and Rhine rivers, they arrived at Rotter- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 841 dam in the forepart of September, 1847. Here they took passage in a sailing vessel and reached New York on the iztth day of October of the same year, after a voyage of thirty-six days. Staying a short while in the metropolis, they came on directly to Cleveland, where they spent the rest of their natural lifetime. The first home of this worthy couple, who had spent considerably more than a half century in the present city of Cleveland, was in a dwelling that stood on the banks of the canal near the srte occupied today by the Baltimore & Ohio depot. Cleveland in those days was little more than a straggling village. The Cuyahoga valley reeked with poisonous exhalations, to which the immigrant readily fell a victim. Fever and ague were epidemic. What little money was left after a long and expensive journey was often consumed by sickness. This, too, became their lot. Having recovered from the ravages of the fever, they set about with characteristic energy to make an honest livelihood. Lawrence Pfeil at first followed the trade of a baker. The shop he worked in stood on Seneca street, now West Third, about opposite the present courthouse. When his work began to grow slack, he took up ship-carpentering, which in those days was in a flourishing condition. The old river bed near Whisky island was the scene of intense activity. To be near his work he built a house on Pearl street hill and paid for it with his hard earned savings. Finding the location less conducive to health, he acquired additional property on Chatham street and removed thither, building and selling houses, until he had saved up sufficient funds to purchase a twenty-nine acre farm on Lorain street. He now engaged in truck farming until the city encroached upon his field, and old age enfeebled his strength. He and his wife lived to see the straggling village of Cleveland become the metropolis of Ohio with about a half of a million of inhabitants. Their family consisted of seven children as follows : Charles J. ; Mary, who became Mrs. C. Faulhaber ; John ; William ; Frances, now Mrs. G. Schraff ; Nicholas ; and Aloysius. Having, like most Germans, received a thorough education, the parents saw to it that their offspring were well instructed in the elementary branches of a common-school training. Convinced that a child's education is incomplete unless also his moral faculties are ennobled by religious instruction, they sent their little ones at an early age to the first parish school which they helped to establish near St. Mary's on the Flats, as the lower portion of the Cuyahoga valley with Cleveland Center was called. Being stanch Catholics, they remained faithful in the practice of their religion to their dying day. Industrious, energetic, honest in all of their business transactions, they held the respect and esteem of their neighbors and fellow citizens to the end. Mrs. Pfeil died at the age of nearly seventy-eight years, fifty-four of which she had spent as a resident of Cleveland. Her husband survived her by six years. He died on the 17th of April, 1906, at the ripe old age of almost eighty-six years, more than fifty-nine of which he lived as an active, upright, law-abiding citizen of Cuyahoga county. A large outpouring of relatives and friends, clergy and laity at their respective funerals, which were celebrated at St. Stephen's church, testified to the high esteem and deep veneration in which the memory of this pioneer couple was enshrined in the hearts of their fellow citizens, aside from a large number of priests, even Bishop Horstmann honoring the solemn obsequies of Mr. Lawrence Pfeil with his presence. Long before the time of their death they had the satisfaction of seeing all their children comfortably settled in life. The early boyhood clays of Nicholas, the subject of this sketch, were spent in the home of his parents on Chatham street. Though born in the year of John Brownsis raid on the arsenal at Harper's Ferry (1859), he was not too young to remember some incidents connected with the late Civil war. He still can recall the marching of soldiers through the streets, the blue uniforms worn by some of the boys in the neighborhood, who had returned from the field of battle minus a leg or arm and were now seen bandaged or hobbling on crutches along the sidewalk,—objects of unbounded admiration in the eyes of the small boy. 842 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND As two of his older brothers belonged to the first music band that ever existed on the west side—the old "Aurora" as it was called—his ears were habituated to martial strains such as "Tramp, Tramp, Tramp, the Boys Are Marching" and "Bring the Good Old Bugle, Boys, We'll Sing Another Song," etc., from his earliest childhood. The fact that his cradle stood in an atmosphere of music,—for aside of the strains mentioned above, his father was quite an adept in playing the flute—probably accounts for the unfailing appreciation and love which he manifested at all times for the sweet harmony of tones. In the typical German home where he was reared, the Volkslied was not wanting. Of an evening when the work was done, his mother, who was blessed with not only a beautiful mind but also a fine voice, it was no unusual occurrence to hear her sing with her children some popular German song, remarkable at once for attractiveness of melody and nobility of sentiment. At the age of seven years he was taken by his mother to St. Mary's School and entrusted to the Brothers of Mary from Dayton, who then, as at present, were conducting the work of education in the boys' department. The good which these noble men wrought among the rising generation of those early days cannot be overestimated. They were most efficient teachers, sacrificing their time and energies in behalf of the education of youth with a devotion truly admirable. Among the boys that sat on the school benches in those days were some of the most successful men at the present time in church and state. When the subject of this sketch was about nine years of age, his parents removed from the city to what was then still country, to a small farm on Lorain street, now absorbed by greater Cleveland. In those days the city limits on the west were at Harbor or West Fourty-fourth street. Beyond this point there were but few houses, no sidewalks, fields and pastures extending on all sides. Lorain avenue, which today boasts almost an uninterrupted double row of handsome store fronts to within a short distance of the city limits, at that time was skirted by country ditches and rail fences of various construction. A plank road with a toll-gate, at first located where Ridge avenue, now West Seventy-third meets Lorain street, and later on moved out further to the top of the hill where Dennison runs into Lorain avenue, was one of the features of this thoroughfare at, that period. An Irishman by the name of J. Dillon was the trusted and faithful toll-gate keeper. He and his wife have long since passed away like many of the thousands who journeyed along the old plank road in those days. The old Yankee farmers in the neighborhood have meanwhile all disappeared and gone to the great beyond. The Pfeil homestead was situated on Lorain street at the northeast corner, where Henley, now West Ninety-eighth street, met the afore-mentioned thorough fare. It was from here that every day, rain or shine, the children of the family were obliged to walk to and from school on Jersey, now West Thirtieth street—a distance of nearly three miles. In 1870 St. Stephen's school was opened on Courtland, now West Fifty-fourth street. From this time on Nicholas attended this new institution of learning. Here he met the Rev. Casimir Reichlin, whose kind and priestly ways attracted the boy and influenced him in the choice of a vocation. After finishing the parochial school course he with a younger brother entered Canisius College, Buffalo, New York. With the knowledge he had acquired under the direction of the above named reverend gentleman, he was enabled to complete the classical course in five years and was graduated in the summer of 1878. It was his good fortune to have had some of the best educators that Canisius College ever possessed. They were German schoolmen, Jesuit Fathers, renowned for thorough learning and solid piety. In the fall of 1878 he passed the examination for admission into St. Mary's Theological Seminary, Cleveland, and after five years was ordained by Rt. Rev. Richard Gilmour on the 1st of July, 1883. Although but twenty-three years of age, Bishop Gilmour judged him fit to be made pastor of St. Patrick's church, Hubbard, Ohio, shortly after his ordination. On March 2, 1884, he was appointed HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 843 to the pastorate of Holy Trinity congregation in Avon, Lorain county. This charge he held for thirteen years and three months, when he was promoted to the rectorate of St. Peter's church, Cleveland, as irremovable pastor, May 10, 1897. In the midst of pastoral occupation he found time to do considerable literary work. Aside of translating from German into English a book on "Christian Education" he wrote at various periods for the press. In 1895 he made an extensive tour through the British Isles, France, Italy, Switzerland, and Germany, an account of which was given in a series of letters published in the "Catholic Universe." In 1903 he crossed the ocean for a trip through Holland, the Rhineland, Baden, Bavaria, Prussia, Bohemia, Switzerland and Austria. In the summer of 1908 he made a third voyage to the Old World, landing at Hamburg and visiting new and old points of interest in Germany, Switzerland and Italy. In the fall of the same year he joined a pilgrimage of Swiss Catholics to the Holy Land, setting sail from Ancona and arriving at Jaffa after a voyage of six days. Jerusalem, Bethlehem, the country about the Jordan, including the Dead Sea and various points in the border land of the Holy City, were made the objects of special study by him on this occasion, the result of which he has given to the public of late in a long series of letters published in the "Stimme der Wahrheit" of Cleveland. He visited Rome twice and was received in audience by Pope Leo XIII and Pius X. St. Peter's parish, of which he is rector, is the oldest German-speaking congregation in Cleveland, having been established as early as 1853. At present it is composed of about seven hundred families. Originally the immigrant German population of the Roman Catholic faith worshiped in St. Mary's on the Flats, which was the first Catholic church ever built in Cleveland. Almost co-eval with the building of the cathedral on Erie street, the German-speaking Catholics on the east side founded St. Peter's congregation and bought property and built a church on the southeast corner of the intersection of Superior and Dodge, now East Seventeenth street. A very efficient parochial school has been a feature of this parish ever since its inception. Some of the most successful business and churchmen received their early training within its walls. At present between six and seven hundred children receive in this institution under the direction of the Rev. N. Pfeil, a thorough education, which means the development of not merely their intellectual faculties by secular science, but also the training of their moral powers by religious instruction and the practice of their faith. Like all true educators, the rector of St. Peter's is convinced that a child, to become a good and law-abiding citizen must early be imbued with enduring morality, for, with George Washington, he holds that "religion and morality are the pillars of the commonwealth." ALBERT MORREAU. Among those adopted sons for whose acquisition Cleveland is grateful is Albert Morreau, president of the Morreau Gas Fixture Manufacturing Company. He was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, August 17, 1861, his parents being Leopold and Amelia Morreau. His father, also a native of Hesse-Darmstadt, was born in 1833, and engaged in the dry goods business. He was a man who enjoyed the respect of his associates and he played an important part in the affairs of his native place. He died in 1900. Albert Marreau received his education in the schools of Hesse-Darmstadt and was graduated from the higher department in 1879. Going to Frankfurt am Rhein, he entered a dry-goods store and served as apprentice for five years. At the end of his apprenticeship he left Frankfurt and went to Manchester, England, where he secured a position in an export house as assistant correspondent in the German, English and French languages. Being so near the current of emigration 844 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND he was, after two years, caught in its whirl and came to America. He located in Cleveland and found employment for five years as stock clerk and salesman in the house of Landesman, Hirschheimer & Company. Possessing a spirit of independence, he started in business for himself in 1887 when yet a very young man. His new establishment was on Seneca street and three men were employed in the manufacturing of gas fixtures. In 1890 he removed to Huron Road and thence to 2047 East Ninth street, where the offices and retail store is at present located. The factory, grown from a three-man affair to one of the city's largest concerns, is located at 1303 Oregon avenue, Northeast. The building, situated upon a lot sixty-six by 0ne hundred and fifty feet in extent, is four stories high and has forty-two thousand square feet of space. A force of one hundred and fifty men is employed. The Morreau Gas Fixture Manufacturing Company does its own designing, four experts being engaged in this kind of work. The product, which has a reputation for great excellence, is disposed of by twelve salesmen, whose combined territory covers the entire United States. Nothing could be more convincing as' to the high quality of work produced than a survey of the Cleveland First National Bank and the Chamber of Commerce which are among the public buildings fitted out by this company. Mr. Morreau is president of this splendid concern, having held this position since the company's incorporation in 1899. Miss Lea Nora Heller of Cleveland became the wife of Mr. Morreau, January 7, 1893. Their union has been blessed by the birth of two children : Myron H., aged fourteen, attends the Technical high school ; and Leopold S., aged ten, is a pupil in the public schools. They reside at 2331 East Fifty-fifth street. Mr. Morreau has various pleasant affiliations, among them membership in the Excelsior Club, the Oakwood Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Commercial Travellers' Association and the United Travellers' Association. He is a golf enthusiast, devoting much of his leisure to this game. He is of Jewish faith and a supporter of the republican party. Mr. Morreau, who came to this country a young man without especial resources, has in something like a score of years made for himself an enviable place in the commercial life of Ohio's greatest city. Commanding the respect and admiration of all those with whom he comes in contact, he may be truly accounted a representative man. EDWARD MARTIN QUINN. Edward Martin Quinn, of the firm of Quinn & Harris, retail cigar dealers in the Hollenden Hotel, was born in Townsend township, Sandusky county, Ohio, June 8, 1863. His father, Arthur Quinn, was a native of Ireland, and coming to America about 1830, settled in Detroit, Michigan. He turned his attention to the real-estate business but after his removal to Sandusky county, Ohio, engaged in farming, which pursuit he followed up to the time of his death in October, 1906. He reached the venerable age of eighty-five years and was known throughout the community as a successful and highly respected, farmer. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Julia Ryan, was a native of Kilkenny, Ireland. They became acquainted and were married in Detroit and Mrs. Quinn still survives her husband at the age of seventy-seven years. Edward Martin Quinn was reared on the old home farm in his native county and attended the district schools, while later his attention was given entirely to the work of the home farm as he assisted his father in its operation until twenty-seven years of age. In the meantime his elder brother, John Ryan Quinn, had become a retail cigar merchant of Cleveland, and on the 27th of June, 1891, Edward M. Quinn arrived in this city and entered his brother's store, where he received his commercial training. Later he joined Frank R. Harris in a partnership and they established their present business in the Hollander Hotel, under the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 847 firm style of Quinn & Harris. They are conducting here a retail cigar business unexcelled throughout the United States, their sales having reached notably large proportions. This is due to well formulated and carefully executed business plans and to the close application and untiring efforts of the proprietors. On the 3d of June, 1903, Mr. Quinn was married to Miss Lottie May Fike, of Cleveland, a daughter of George A. Fike, of this city. They have one son, John Ryan, born March 7, 1904. Mr Quinn maintains only a citizen's interest in politics but does not fail in the exercise of his right of franchise, believing that every American should support the principles which he deems essential to state and national affairs. He is fond of hunting and fishing but his home is his club. Leaving the farm, with only the experiences of agricultural life, he has become one of the prominent retail merchants of Cleveland, his pleasant manner, affability, keen business sagacity and unfaltering energy bringing him to a position in trade circles that many a man of twice his years might well envy. JAMES B. HOGE. James B. Hoge, widely known throughout Ohio in connection with his ownership and operation of telephone and street railway systems, was born in Belmont county, Ohio, December 20, 1866. The ancestral history of the family can be traced back to 1150, A. D., the line being carefully brought down by the Rev. Moses Drury Hoge, of Richmond, Virginia, and ex-Governor J. Hoge Tyler, of that state.. Representatives of the name went from Normandy to Scotland, and William Hoge, the first of the family in America, came to the new world from Burwickshire, Scotland, in the seventeenth century. He married Barbara Hume, a cousin of David Hume, the historian. Locating in Virginia, representatives of the name are still to be found in that state and in Pennsylvania. Isaac Hoge, the great-grandfather of James B. Hoge, was the founder of the family in Ohio, settling in Belmont county in 1821. He had been born in Loudoun county, Virginia, and removing westward was closely associated with the pioneer development of the the Buckeye state. Many interesting historical facts are connected with the family history, both in this and other lands. Sir Walter Scott derived his right to be buried in Dryburgh Abbey through being a descendant of the Hoges. Byron M. Hoge, the father, was born in this state in 1844, served as a soldier in the Civil war and devoted his life to agricultural pursuits, passing away about tivo years ago. He wedded Tamzen Lodge Merritt, of an old family of Loudoun county, Virginia, her grandfather, Josiah Merritt, having been a soldier of the Revolutionary war, and one of her mother's ancestors was Sir Thomas Lodge, Lord Mayor of London in 1562. The death of Mrs. Hoge occurted in 1889. The family numbered three sons : James B., Arthur W. and Frank Garfield. In the public and night schools of Belmont county, Ohio, James B. Hoge pursued his education, and at the age of eighteen years entered railroad work as a telegraph operator at Flushing, in his native county. After serving for three years in that capacity, he was promoted to chief clerk at Lorain, Ohio, for the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling and the Nickel Plate Railway Companies. He eagerly sought the opportunity for the conduct of an independent business and when the opportunity presented itself, in 1891, he organized The Lorain Savings & Banking Company, of which he was elected secretary and treasurer, which posi- tion he filled until 1898. In the meantime he..had become connected with gas, electric light and telephone enterprises and had been one of the builders of the Lorain & Cleveland Railway. He was also president of the Citizens' Gas & Electric Company, of Lorain and Elyria, secretary and treasurer of the Black River Telephone Company of Lorain, and secretary of the Lorain & Cleveland Railway Company. 848 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Seeing the opportunties for the continued expansion of business in those lines, Mr. Hoge came to Cleveland in 1898, after resigning the position in the bank, although he still retained his financial interest in that and other enterprises of Lorain and vicinity. Upon his removal to Cleveland, he helped organize the United States Telephone Company, a long distance service with lines throughout the state, connecting the various independent exchanges. Of this company he became secretary and later vice president. He is likewise still interested in various street and electric railway enterprises and other interests to which he gives his time in a general way. For three years, from 1904 until 1907, he was president of the International Independent Telephone Association. Mr. Hoge and his family occupy one of the fine homes for which Cleveland is noted on Wade Park, m one of the most attractive residence localities of the city. He was married at Loram, Ohio, December 16, 1891, to Miss Anna L. Wallace, of Lorain. She was educated at Oberlin College, class of 1880. The four children of the family are: Rachel M., Eleanor A., Wallace Wright and Pierre William. Mr. and Mrs. Hoge hold membership in the Congregational church. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and, desirous for the adoption of its principles, he labors for its success but not to the extent of seeking office for himself. He belongs to the Masonic fraternity, to the Union and Euclid Clubs and is also identified with the Chamber of Commerce. Driving and horseback riding are his principal recreation, while he spends his summer in close communion with nature in the country on the lake front west of Cleveland. His record is that of notable success, achieved through the recognition and utilization of opportunities, through powers of organization and executive force. Moreover, in all of his work the public has been an indirect beneficiary. J. DOANE PELTON. J. Doane Pelton, president of the Buckeye Fixture Company, a flourishing industry of Cleveland, was born in Euclid, Ohio, January 24, 1875. His parents were Marcus L. and Kittie M. (Merrill) Pelton, in whose family were six children, namely : Myron J.; J. Doane.; May, the wife of Frank Ellsworth, of Willoughby, Ohio ; Libbie, the wife of Allen Brown, of Euclid, Ohio ; Effie B. and Marion G., who live at the old home at Euclid. Mr. Pelton was fortunate enough to have that experience in which not only a remarkably large part of the substantial citizens of the country but many of the eminent men as well have shared—a preliminary season spent upon the farm. Early rising, the daily tasks and the economical habits of the country boy prepare him for the struggle that must precede' ascendency. In 1900 Mr. Pelton concluded to try life in its more cosmopolitan aspects, and in the pursuance of this idea he came to Cleveland, where the Buckeye Fixture Company was organized for the manufacture of metal display fixtures. In this he was associated with his brother Myron J. Pelt0n and S. F. Cheheyl. The Forest city has numerous concerns of this kind, some of them the most prominent in the country, and it is a fact indicative of the executive ability and sound judgment of Mr. Pelton and his associates that this newer industry has gained recognition and success. Myron J. Pelton, who was the senior member of the Buckeye Fixture Company, died May 28, 1906, leaving a widow and two children : Myron Russell and Alice Kittie, who reside at Chagrin Falls, Ohio. On June 6, 1905, Mr. Pelton was united in marriage to Miss Helen Grubb, a daughter of A. K. Grubb, of Decatur, Indiana. The birth of two sons, Marcus Doane and Ralph Francis Pelton, has blessed their union. Their residence is pleasantly located at 1308 East Ninety-first street, Northeast.