(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 1050 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Potomac until 1863, when he was ordered to New Orleans and operated with the Army of the Gulf in Louisiana, Texas and Florida. He participated in several important engagements and gained special mention for his valor and meritorious conduct in the battle of Fredericksburg. Gradually he was promoted from intermediate ranks to that of captain and in 1867 was made captain and lieutenant colonel by brevet, having been retained in service after his term by General Sheridan upon special authority from the war department, and spent the last two years of his army life upon the staff of that gallant commander. After being released from military duty Colonel McAllister established himself in business as a contractor of St. Louis, spending two years in that city. He then removed to Fort Scott, Kansas, and was prominently identified with the building interests of that place. About 1870 he returned to New York, where he carried on the contracting business until 1875, at which time he came to Cleveland, opening a shop in the rear of his home at No. 44 Huron street. It was not long, however, before his marked ability won recognition and, the growth of his business demanding larger quarters, he removed to 20 Newton street, where he continued until 1896. He enlarged his plant from time to time as was required by the growing business and continued as one of the most prominent contractors of northern Ohio until he succumbed to the illness which finally terminated his life on the 15th of August, 1898. Since that time the business has been carried on by his son, W. B. McAllister, who is mentioned on another page of this volume. Many of the city's most expensive and modern structures are the product of the handiwork of Colonel McAllister. Early in his connection with Cleveland he erected the residences of ex-Senator H. B. Payne, Samuel Andrews, C. W. Bingham, Charles F. Brush, S. T. Everett, Stewart and William Chisholm, A. A. Pope and George Stockley, all on Euclid avenue, of Charles J. Sheffield on Prospect street, and the summer residence of C. W. Bingham on the Lake Shore. He was also awarded the contract for the building of the Second Presbyterian church and St. Bridget's Catholic church and numerous other buildings of more or less note in Cleveland and vicinity. In 1888 he formed a partnership with Andrew Dall under the firm name of McAllister & Dall and they continued to enjoy the reputation and hold the high rank which Colonel McAllister had won as a foremost representative of building operations in this city. They built the Calvary Presbyterian church, the Euclid Avenue Opera House, the building of the Society for Savings and the building of the Erie County Savings Bank at Buffalo, New York. The last two are classed among the finest of the modern structures of Ohio and New York respectively. The firm also erected the Soldiers and Sailors Monument of Cuyahoga county, which stands in the public square of Cleveland and is one of the most magnificent monuments in the country. They were the builders of the depot for the Lake Shore Railroad at Toledo and many of the finest business blocks and homes of Cleveland. Thoroughness and accuracy were features which Colonel McAllister always insisted upon in the labors of those who were in his employ and he gained a reputation for reliability second to none in the city. The skill which he manifested in making plans and in construction work also constituted a strong feature of his success, which for many years was of a most gratifying nature and placed him with Cleveland's men of affluence. In 1870 Colonel McAllister was married to Miss Emma Barriss, of Paines- ville, e, Ohio, and unto them were born three sons : Arthur, who was born in 1874, and passed away in 1906; W. B., born in 1877; and Colin, in 1879. The death of Mrs. McAllister occurred in 1879, Colonel McAllister therefore surviving for nineteen years. In 1896 he was again married, his second union being with Mrs. Kate Fitzhugh Benham, who still survives him,. Colonel McAllister was popular in various social organizations, including the Union, Roadside and Athletic Clubs, in which he held membership. He was also a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and of the Grand Army of the Republic and ever manifested the deepest interest in his old army com- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1053 rades. He served by appointment of Mayar Gardner for a term of five years upon Cleveland's board of criminal correction but otherwise neither sought nor held public office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs and to do his public service as a private citizen. He never faltered, however, in his allegiance to the republican party, which was the defense of the Union when he followed the old flag on southern battlefields and which he always deemed to be the party of reform and progress. He was a lover of art and literature and there was an analytical trend to his mind that enabled him to determine definitely the purpose and plan of what he perused and at its close to give a most thorough review thereof. His love of art prompted him to adorn his home with one of the finest collections of water colors, etchings and engravings which Cleveland possesses. Throughout his life it was characteristic of Colonel McAllister that he assimilate only the best. He was never content to choose that which was of mediocre quality, whether in art, literature, in business or in friendship. He was, however, quick to recognize the good in others and judge men by real worth rather than by that success as estimated in a material way. Strong in his views, his position was never an equivocal one and yet he was ever ready to accord to others the privilege which he reserved to himself of forming an unbiased opinion. In his business life he displayed marked executive ability, strong powers of administration and a ready recognition of the essential. At the outset of his career he recognized the fact that capable workmanship was his best advertisement and throughout his entire life it was characteristic of him that he live up to the spirit as well as the letter of his contracts. Because of his known honesty and reliability, his unwillingness to misrepresent anything, his support of that which was best, he came to be a man of marked influence and his endorsement of any public project was sure to win a large following. No man of Cleveland in recent years has passed from life who has been more highly respected or has more deserved the honor and esteem of his fellowmen. ANTON BENJAMIN SPURNEY, M. D. The life record of Dr. Anton Benjamin Spurney stands in contradistinction to the old adage that a prophet is never without honor save in his own country, for in the city of his nativity he has made creditable record and won gratifying success in the practice of medicine and surgery, for which he was well qualified by comprehensive and thorough study both at home and abroad. His father, Anton Spurney, was born at Rakovnik, near Prague, Bohemia. Reared under the parental roof, Dr. Spurney completed the grammar school by graduation from the Outhwaite school in the class of 1894 and then entered the Central high school, from which he was graduated in 1898, making a high scholarship. For two years thereafter he was a student in the medical department of the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and for a similar period attended the Cleveland College of Physicians & Surgeons, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in 1902. In May of the same year he became connected with the Cleveland City Smallpox Hospital, there remaining for several months, after which he was appointed house physician to the Cleveland General Hospital, serving until March 1, 1903. On that date he entered upon the private practice of general medicine, giving special attention, however, to gynecology. He located on Buckeye Road and East Eighty-ninth street where he has since remained but has his main office at Woodland avenue and East Fifty-fifth street. In April, 1908, he went abroad and took up the subject of surgery at Prague, Vienna and Berlin. He also attended clinics in France, Italy, Belgium, Holland and England and thus became conversant with the most advanced and scientific methods of many of the eminent physicians and surgeons of the European countries. 1056 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND brought him in contact. There is not a single esoteric phase in his business career and his record is such a one as proves the fallacy of the statement made by some that success is a matter of circumstance or of genius. A careful analyzation of his record, and that of thousands of others who have won prosperity, shows that advancement conies as the direct reward of earnest, persistent effort and farseeing judgment. GEORGE H. WORTHINGTON. George H. Worthington, financier and captain of industry, whose business interests will cover connection with at least forty important commercial and industrial enterprises, all of which have received substantial support in his sound judgment and keen insight, was born in Toronto, Canada, February 13, 1850. His rise seems spectacular in that his initial step in the business world was made as an apprentice in a mercantile establishment in which he was to receive no pay for his first year's service. Yet in his entire career there is no esoteric phase, his brilliant success following as the logical sequence of integrity, industry and the ability to foresee possibilities as results of the coordination and combination of forces. A son of John and Mary (Wellborn) Worthington, he pursued his education in the schools of Toronto until sixteen years of age, and also attended a commercial college in that city. The day following the completion of his course there he was apprenticed by his father to serve for three years with a wholesale grocery house. He was to receive no compensation for his services for the first year, but to his surprise at Christmas was handed fifty dollars and for his second year's services was paid five hundred dollars, having in the meantime become the best salesman in the store. He was promised one thousand dollars for the succeeding year but the failure of his father's health led him to leave Canada and come to the United States to take charge of the interests of his father who, as a contractor, was then building the Southern Central Railroad in the state of New York. Taking up the task he at once gave careful consideration to the business management, saw where retrenchment of expenses and expansion of activity was possible, and so managed the business that when the contract was completed, according to the terms of his arrangement with his father, his share of the profits amounted to fifty thousand dollars—and Mr. Worthington was not yet twenty-one years of age. From New York he went to Brownhelm, Ohio, and entered the employ of Worthington & Son, a firm consisting of his father and elder brother who had purchased and were operating a stone quarry. A year later George H. Worthington was admitted to the firm and on the death of the father in 1873 he and his brother succeeded to the business but retained the old name until the organization of the Cleveland Stone Company was effected. In all of his business affairs Mr. Worthington has quickly discriminated between the essential and the nonessential, utilizing the former and discarding the latter. Moreover he displays marked ability in recognizing the value of any situation and in foreseeing the possibilities for successful accomplishment through uniting under one management varied business interests. He has never regarded any position as final but rather the vantage point for further advancement. As he has prospered he has constantly extended the scope of his activities until his ramifying interests reach out in all directions. Succeeding in his first venture in the operation of a stone quarry, he also became president of the Berea & Huron Stone Company and then into other fields directed his energies with equally satisfactory results. He had the prescience to discern somewhat of the success that might be obtained in the manufacture of gum when an old-time acquaintance, Dr. Beeman, then engaged in a small business, stated that he was meeting with loss instead of success in the control of his enterprise. He discussed the matter with Dr. Beeman HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1059 and coming to the conclusion that the business might be made a source of large profit, he was the promoter and organizer of the Beeman Chemical Company. When the various companies engaged m the manufacture of gum in the United States decided to merge their interests, the American Chicle Company was organized, of which he is president. At the present time Mr. Worthington is president of the following: The Union National Bank, of Cleveland ; The American Chicle Company, of New York ; TheAmerican Dynalite Company, of Cleveland ; The Underwriters Land Company, of Missouri ; The Cleveland Stone Company ; The Perry-Mathews-Buskirk Stone Company ; and the Bedford Stone Railway Company, of Indiana. He is a director in the following: The Guardian Savings & Trust Company, The Chamberlain Cartridge & Target Company, The Interurban Railway & Terminal Company, The Cincinnati Trust Company, The Columbia Gas & Electric Company, and the South Western Ohio Traction Company. He is also extensively interested in zinc and lead mines in Missouri and is financially and officially connected with various other enterprises, standing as a splendid example of the typical American business man who, in promoting individual success, also advances general prosperity. His interests are to him as the moves of the pawns and kings upon the chessboard and it is a recognized fact that he is never checkmated. Among the clubs and associations he is affiliated with are the Union, Euclid, Cleveland Yacht, Country, Roadside and the New York Yacht Clubs, and is commodore of the Cleveland Yacht Club, yachting being one of his favorite pastimes. He owns a steel auxiliary schooner "Priscilla" originally built for a cup defender. His home hobby is the collection of postage stamps. His collection is recognized as the greatest in America and one of the three largest in the world. Mr. Worthington was married at Mount Vernon, Ohio, in February, 1878, to Mrs. Hannah L. Weaver. He has been a thirty-second degree Mason since 1876 and is a charter member of Lake Erie Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. The rapid development of alI material resources during the closing years of the nineteenth and the opening years of the twentieth century has brought business enterprises up from the day of smaller things to gigantic proportions where millions of dollars take the place of hundreds and where men are required to handle vast sums as carefully and as successfully as their grandfathers handled the smaller sums. All the history of the world shows that to grapple with new conditions and fill breaches in all great crises, men have been developed and stood ready to assume new and great responsibilities which they discharged well and profitably. Of such men George H. Worthington is a splendid example and in the march of America's commercial advancement he has kept pace with the leaders. He seems to have accomplished at any one point in his career the possibilities for successful accomplishment at that point. While he has financed and promoted mammoth enterprises, there is in him no quality of the erratic, visionary speculator. He lives in an atmosphere of self-repression and reserved force— a grave, modest, low-voiced, conservative man with the rescuing sense of humor and a quick glance that indicates back of it the alert man that readily and correctly adapts the individual to the situation. JOHN WORTHINGTON. John Worthington, who is a railroad contractor, a general builder and the owner of large quarry interests, became well known in business circles in Cleveland and this part of the state, was born in Staffordshire, England, September 8, 1828. Mr. Worthington was educated in his native country and as a young man crossed the Atlantic to Canada where he was married and reared his family. He became a contractor and builder, operating in both the Dominion and the United 1060 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND States. He erected the Union depot at Cleveland and was the contractor for the construction of the Ashtabula & Jamestown Railroad now a part of the Lake Shore system, and for the Southern & Central Railroad, now a part of the Lehigh Valley system in New York city. He was among the first to import building stone into Canada and his activities were a source of public benefit to the various communities in which he labored. About 1850 he came to the United States to secure stone for shipment to Canada and at that time arranged with the Brown- helm stone quarry for its entire output, but even this was not sufficient for his needs. This led him to buy the quarry which he operated for several years, shipping the entire product to Canada. Finally he placed the product upon the market in the United States and in the meantime he had associated his son, James M. Worthington with him in business, while later George H. Worthington joined the firm under the style of Worthington & Sons. No contractor in Canada was more prominent or conducted more extensive and important business. He erected very many leading public buildings and other fine structures and achieved both success and renown. In his family were four sons and three daughters : James M., formerly president of the Cleveland Stone Company but now deceased ; Minnie, the wife of E. Bendelari ; George H., whose sketch is given above ; Fanny, the wife of W. W. Keighley, of Toronto ; Jane, the wife of T. C. Elwood ; John H. and Edward E., twins, the former of whom died in Calcutta, India, December 7, 1873, and the latter died at Toronto, January 0, 1905. The father departed this life on the 25th of December, 1873. In his constantly expanding business operations he had become a prominent factor in industrial circles in Canada and his efforts were not without effect in promoting the industrial development of this section of Ohio. FRANK G. JONES, M. D. Dr. Frank G. Jones is engaged in the general practice of medicine in Cleveland and is well known also as a member of the faculty of the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, where he lectures on the theory and practice of medicine and pathology. He is one of the foremost representatives of homeopathy in this city, standing for all that is progressive in the field of his chosen calling. Born in Liverpool, Medina county, Ohio, October 2, 1867, he is a son of Dr. Gaius J. and Emma (Wilmot) Jones. His father, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this volume, is the distinguished president of the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College and also the president of the National Safe & Lock Company of Cleveland. He likewise maintains an office for general practice in connection with his son Frank, and his wide knowledge, practical experience and scientific attainment have gained for him a position of leadership in the ranks of the medical profession in Cleveland. Dr. Frank G. Jones was a lad of seven years when he came with his parents to Cleveland, where he acquired his early education in the public schools, passing through the consecutive grades until he became a high-school pupil. He afterward matriculated in Oberlin College and was graduated therefrom with the class of 1885. Determining to follow in his father's professional footsteps, he prepared for active practice by a regular course in the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, from which he was graduated in 1888, while later he pursued a postgraduate course in Bellevue Hospital of New York in 1891. He located for practice in Massillon, Ohio, where he continued until 1898, when he sold out there and enlisted in the United States army, being assigned to the medical department with the rank of captain. He served through the Spanish-American war, being on active duty in Cuba and the Philippines, and attained the rank of major. He was also chief medical officer in charge of the unloading of the sick and wounded soldiers, assigning them to hospitals at Montauk Point on Long Island following HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1061 their return from Cuba and Porto Rico. His strenuous service at length undermined his health and in 1903 Dr. Jones resigned his position in connection with the army and returned to Cleveland, spending about a year and a half in recuperating. After regaining his lost strength and vigor he joined his father in the general practice of medicine and also in educational work as lecturer in the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, where his ability to impart clearly and readily to others the knowledge that he has acquired is evidenced in his comprehensive lectures on the theory and practice of medicine and pathology. On the 7th of August, 1888, Dr. Jones was united in marriage to Miss Eleanor G. Stowe, of Garrettsville, Ohio, a daughter of Volney Stowe, a farmer and pioneer resident of that section. Dr. and Mrs. Jones have two sons : Gaius V., nineteen years of age, who is now connected with the theatrical business ; and Frank G., Jr., who will graduate from the Cleveland high school in 1910. Dr. Jones votes independently nor is he greatly interested in politics aside from the desire which every public-spirited citizen must feel that honest and competent men shall fill the public offices. Fraternally he is connected with the Elks, while in more strictly professional lines he is a member of the County and State Medical Associations and the National Homeopathic Medical Association. With well equipped office at No. 310 Caxton building, he is conducting a successful practice and his constantly increasing ability, resulting from broad, reading and research, is winning for him substantial and gratifying success. BERNARD G. DEERICKS. Bernard G. Deericks has for the past twenty years been the chief executive officer of the Cleveland Store Fixture Company, which is the most extensive enterprise of this character in the United States, the firm making a specialty of all kinds of store fixtures, fittings, commercial furniture, billiard and pool tables and supplies. Mr. Deericks was born in Cleveland, Ohio, on the 23d of April, 1856, a son of August and Pauline Deericks. The father, whose birth occurred in Amsterdam, Holland, crossed the Atlantic to the United States in 1855, landing at New York, whence he made his way at once to Cleveland, here becoming identified with business interests as a grocery merchant. Subsequently he had a stall in the market and also conducted an express business, winning a gratifying measure of success in his undertakings. Bernard G. Deericks attended the parochial schools until twelve and a half years of age and after putting aside his text-books secured employment in the shingle factory of Hendrickson & Brothers, where he remained for two years. He then entered the service of Herig & Son, furniture and fixture manufacturers, remaining in their employ for fourteen years and occuping the position of manager when he severed his connection with the concern. Believing that his long years of experience justified him in starting out on his own account as a manufacturer of fixtures, he established himself in business at Windsor avenue and the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway crossing, remaining at that location for two years, while afterward he conducted business for a similar period at Nos. r4 to 28 Scovill avenue. Subsequently he removed to his present location at Nos. 4049 to 4059 St. Clair avenue, where is now conducted the leading commercial furniture and fixture manufactory in the United States. The Cleveland Store Fixture Company was established in 1890 and since that time has grown and expanded until today no company in the country is in possession of so complete a factory plant fitted with up-to-date machinery and appliances. They are not only the architects and designers of store interiors, but manufacture also all the necessary fixtures so essential to make an artistic interior pleasing and harmonious to the modern taste. Included in the many things that contribute to this ambitious perfection may be mentioned showcases, store and soda stools, soda fountain tops, soda counters, 1062 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND marble slabs, zinc and copper work boards, brass arm and foot rails, high grade prescription and counter scales, desks, safes, chairs, telephone cases, sponge cases, cigar lighters, wall cases, screens, partitions, window divides, display stands, mirrors, refrigerators, etc. The present advanced facilities for manufacturing such store fixtures enable any merchant to equip his store in a symmetrical and artistic manner at a cost much less than half of the expense formerly incurred for less pretentious results. The company point with commendable pride to the many stores which they have fitted up throughout the United States, giving evidence of the skill and good workmanship obtainable from the facilities possessed by them in the prosecution of their work. Mr. Deericks is well qualified for the duties of his responsible position as president of this important concern, for since the age of twelve and a half years he has been identified with work of this character and he has therefore been very successful in supervising and directing the labors of those in his employ. On the 8th of October, 1901, in Cleveland, Mr. Deericks was united in marriage to Mrs. Darah, a daughter of John Zweidinger, who was the first organist in the Catholic church of this city. Mr. Deericks has a family of five children, namely : Edward, twenty-seven years of age, who is assistant manager of the Cleveland Store Fixture Company; Charles, twenty-five years of age, who is assistant foreman for the company ; Mamie, a teacher of music ; Lawrence, a young man of twenty-two, engaged in farming in the west ; and Julia, who is attending the Academy of Our Lady of Lourdes. The family residence is at No. 7211 Lexington avenue. At the polls Mr. Deericks casts his ballot in support of the men and measures of the republican party, being a firm believer in its principles. He is a faithful communicant of the Catholic church, and for five years has been identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. His chief source of recreation is in motoring and travel. Cleveland has always remained his place of residence and he is well known and highly esteemed as one of its most prosperous and leding business men as well as respected citizens. ALFRED STONE FIELD. Alfred Stone Field, a gentleman of quiet demeanor but of strong character who left the impress of his individuality upon all with whom he came in contact, was well known in the business circles of Cleveland as an expert accountant. His birth occurred in Ohio's capital city January 8, 1842, his parents being John and Elizabeth (Stone) Field, the latter a native of Worthington, Massachusetts, and the former of New Berlin, New York. When about nineteen years of age the father removed westward to Columbus, Ohio, and became a pioneer lumberman of that city. He made visits to Cleveland when it required five days to make the trip by stage and he would spend weeks here, buying and loading lumber on the canal to be shipped to Columbus. For a long period he continued in the lumber trade but at the age of sixty years put aside business cares and retired to private life. He was intensely public spirited in his devotion to the general good and cooperated in many movements which were of material benefit to the city. His political allegiance was given to the republican party. He was a warm personal friend of Horace Greeley and throughout his life was a subscriber to the New York Tribune. In antebellum days when the country was greatly aroused over the slavery question he belonged to the underground railway organization and assisted many negroes on their way to freedom in the north. His religious faith was that of the Universalist church and he died in Columbus at the very advanced age of ninety-two years. He was connected with the Marshall Field family of Chicago and was also a relative of Cyrus W. Field, who laid the Atlan- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1065 tic cable and belonged to one of the oldest and most prominent American families. His brother, Sylas N. Field, was a leading politician of Columbus. Alfred S. Field in his youthful days manifested special aptitude in his studies and when but fourteen years of age was graduated from the high school of Columbus. He afterward completed his education at Oxford and on putting aside his text-books became associated in business with his brother. He continued in active connection with the lumber trade for a number of years and was in partnership with his brother S. N. Field and also with R. B. Adams, who had been associated with his father. In this undertaking he met with success, his sound judgment and his enterprise proving factors in the substantial progress which he made along commercial lines. He continued in the lumber business until 1876, when he removed to Cleveland, becoming an expert accountant of this city. He was thus identified with its business interests up to the time of his demise. In 1864 Mr. Field was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Schofield, a sister of Captain Levi Schofield and a member of one of the old pioneer families of Cleveland. She is now prominent in the social circles of the city and belongs to the East End Conversational Club and to the Western Reserve Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. By her marriage she has become the mother of one daughter, Grace, now Mrs. George Dana Adams, who has one child, Margaret. The death of Mr. Field occurred December 9, 1899, when he was but fifty- seven years of age and was the occasion of deep and widespread regret among his many friends. In politics he was a stanch and stalwart republican who worked faithfully for his party because he believed that its platform contained the best elements of good government. He was a very honorable and upright man, of quiet, genial deportment, of keen intellectual force, of sterling character and of refined tastes. He thus won his friends among the most cultured people of the city and his closest companions were those who had highest appreciation for the qualities which are most ennobling in life. LOUIS WILLIAMS LADD, B. A., M. D. Dr. Louis Williams Ladd, a practitioner of internal medicine and lecturer on clinical microscopy in the Western Reserve University Medical School, and clinical microscopist to Lakeside Hospital, was born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, March 15, 1873. His grandfather, Silas T. Ladd, was one of the early treasurers of the Western Reserve University, filling that position when the institution was located at Hudson, Ohio. He came to this state from New England. Of his family of four children, the only son was George Trumbull Ladd, who for many years was professor of philosophy and is now professor emeritus of philosophy in Yale University. He resides in New Haven, Connecticut. The mother; in her maidenhood Cornelia Ann Tallman, died in 1893. She was the daughter of John Tallman, a business man of Bridgeport, Ohio. In the home of Professor George T. Ladd were four children, of whom three are yet living: George T. Ladd, Jr., mechanical engineer of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; Louis W., the second in order of birth ; and Elizabeth T., at home. Dr. Ladd was but six years of age when he accompanied his parents on their removal from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, to Brunswick, Maine, where his father became professor of philosophy in Bowdoin College, there remaining until appointed to his present professorship in Yale. Dr. Ladd attended a private school until eight years of age and following the removal to New Haven, Connecticut, became a public-school student in the Hopkins grammar school and in the Hillhouse high school, from which he was graduated in 1891. Matriculating in Yale, he completed his course there as an alumnus of 1895, winning his Bachelor of Arts degree. He next attended the Johns Hopkins University Medical School and was 1066 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND graduated M. D. in 1899. He then served until August, 1900, on the staff of Dr. Osler at Johns Hopkins Hospital, after which he came to Cleveland and for one year was resident physician at the Lakeside Hospital. Entering upon the practice of internal medicine, he has since given his attention to this field of labor and to educational work in the line of his profession, becoming lecturer on clinical microscopy at the Western Reserve University Medical School in 1901, since which time he has continued in the position. He has since been an occasional contributor to the current literature of the profession and has done research work in medical lines. His interest in his chosen calling is furthermore indicated through his membership in the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. Dr. Ladd has been and is widely known in different social organizations, belonging to the Alpha Delta Phi, of Yale ; Pithotomy of Johns Hopkins Medical School; is an honorary member of the Sigma Nu of the Western Reserve University and a member of the University Club. Dr. Ladd was married at Mount Washington, Maryland, November 25, 1903, to Miss Olivia Conkling, a daughter of William H. Conkling, president of the Savings Bank of Baltimore. There are three children : William C., born October 29, 1903 ; Cornelia T., born June 7, 1905 ; and Louis W., January 25, 1908, all of whom are with their parents in the attractive family residence at No. 1963 East Sixty-ninth street. Endowed by nature with strong intellectual force, Dr. Ladd has carefully developed his latent powers and his laudable ambition, combined with a sense of conscientious obligation in all professional services, has carried him to a prominent place as a representative of the medical fraternity in Cleveland. HENRY W. WEIDEMAN. It is only a matter of time until a man who is equipped to be a leader in any line, attains to success. There are many substantial men in Cleveland who have risen steadily and gained and retained the full confidence of their associates until their years of endeavor are rewarded with elevation to power. The chief executive of the Weideman Flour Company, Henry W. Weideman is a man whose energy, enthusiasm and capability have resulted in the upbuilding of a large enterprise and the consequent betterment of the many dependent upon his success for their livelihood. He was born in Cleveland, in October, 1855, a son of John C. and Laura Weideman. His father was a stalwart German, whose honesty, sincerity, energy and frugality brought him success and esteem. Coming to the United States when young with his parents, he located in Medina county, Ohio, but after a few years he removed to Cleveland, where he readily grasped the opportunities offered. His birth occurred in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1829, and he was only fourteen years old when he located in Cleveland. He was first employed in the wholesale grocery house of W. J. Gordon Company. From 1848 to 1850 he lived in New York state but in the latter year returned to, Cleveland, where in 1861 he embarked in the liquor business under the firm name of Weideman Company, but in the fall of 1863 sold his interest in that enterprise. The following year he founded the liquor house of Weideman & Tiedemann, with H. Tiedemann as the junior partner, and in 1868 O. G. Kent was taken into the firm, and his name added to its title. In 1871 when Mr. Tiedemann retired, the firm was reorganized and C. T. Hasbrock was taken into it, the name becoming Weideman, Kent & Company. A stock company was formed in 1885 as The Weideman Company, with Mr. Weideman as president. This firm has the largest wholesale liquor and grocery establishment in the state and stands today as a monument to the zeal, industry and executive ability of John C. Weideman, for it was his brain that was behind it, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1069 that brought about its present stability and importance. Mr. Weideman possessed those sterling traits of character that make his countrymen succeed everywhere, and his history but emphasizes that fact that nothing is impossible to the man willing to work and to save. John C. Weideman was twice married, In 1853 he married Laura Muntz, of Liverpool, Ohio, by whom he had three children, but our subject is the only one now surviving. Her death occurred in 1877, when she was forty-two years old, and in 1879 he married Louisa Dieboldt. He died in 1900, and in his demise the city lost one of its most valuable and progressive citizens. Henry W. Weideman has inherited many of his father's attributes, including his business ability. After passing through the Cleveland schools, he attended Baldwin University at Berea, Ohio, and coming home, was associated with his father in the grocery business until the latter's death, serving a part of the time as secretary of the company. At that time he retired from active participation in the company but still remains on its official board. Out of this company founded by his father, grew the Weideman Flour Company, which was incorporated in April, 1909, with Mr. Weideman as president. He erected the building occupied by the company, it being designed to meet its special requirements. The territory covered by the concern includes Ohio and the surrounding states and the company does a jobbing business exclusively, carrying a general line of flour. In addition to his other interests Mr. Weideman is a director of the O'Donohue Coffee Company of Cleveland. In all of his connections he exhibits the same business integrity that made his father so trusted, and the name stands for much in Cleveland and the state. Mr. Weideman married May 23, 1878, Dorothy Burke, who was born in Cleveland, and they have four children : Carl J. associated with his father in business ; Pearl, who married William E. Kurz ; J., who married Walter Theo- bald; and Laura, at home. Liberal in his political views, Mr. Weideman believes in voting for the best man for office in local affairs. He is a Mason, having attained to the Knights Templar degree, and is also a Shriner. He is a typical representative of the good old school of reliable business men, where honesty was everything and integrity was held sacred. Because of this he holds the respect of those who know him for his thorough manhood, dignity of character and singleness of purpose. Much of his leisure time is devoted to motoring and travel. HENRY HAMMERSLEY. The life record of Henry Hammersley is a splendid example of what perseverance, determination, energy and ability may accomplish. These are the qualities upon which he has builded his success and which have carried him into important business relations. He is now local treasurer of the Nickel Plate Railroad and through successive stages of promotion has worked his way upward to his present position of responsibility. A native of Allegheny county, Pennsylvania, he comes of English lineage. His father, James Hammersley, was born in Northumberlandshire, England, about 1805, and was the son of a prominent landowner. Becoming dissatisfied at hbme and being provided generously with funds, he came to the United States when twenty-five years of age and purchased a large block of coal land in what is now Northumberland county, Pennsylvania, and also a plantation near Memphis, Tennessee. He likewise engaged in merchandising for a short time but abandoned that pursuit when his son Henry was four years of age, devoting his time to his real-estate interests, which were of considerable magnitude for those days. He died in 1857 at the age of fifty-two years. His wife, who bore the maiden name 1070 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of Anna Davis, was born in Wales but was reared in England. Of her family history her son Henry knows but litttle. His elder brother, long since dead, gave the information that she came of an influential family and that her father was financially interested in the mining of tin in Wales and spent his time between the mines and London. Unto Mr. and Mrs. James Hammersley were born three sons and one daughter, of whom George Washington Hammersley of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, and Henry, of this review, are the only survivors. The latter was educated in the public schools and in Western University of Pennsylvania, but left the latter institution before his graduation, owing to a disagreement with his guardians, of whom there were two in addition to a trustee of the estate. He ran away from home and engaged as a cabin boy on the steamer Roebuck, a new boat built especially for the cotton trade and bound for the Yazoo and Big Sunflower rivers. He was then but fifteen years of age. In time he was advanced to the position of receiving clerk and remained on the river between four and five years, running in various trades on the Ohio, Mississippi, Cumberland, Tennessee and Yazoo rivers. His experience on the river was the most fascinating and romantic of his entire life, especially that on the lower Mississippi, when palatial steamers used to plow its waters. Railroading is tame when compared with steamboating of those days, for steamers were the scene of many brilliant festivities and because of their splendid equipment could well be termed "floating palaces." When Mr. Hammersley retired from the river he returned home to lay claim to his share of the estate, much to the surprise of the executors, who supposed that he was dead. He then studied bookkeeping and was graduated at the end of three months, completing the work that usually required six months. The books writtten by him then are still in his possession and are models of neatness. Making his way northward from Nashville, Tennessee, he engaged in the boat store business at Evansville, Indiana, but sold out in eighteen months. He was prominent and active in public interests in Evansville during that period and raised the first regular militia company in southern Indiana, known as the Evansville Rifles, in which he received the command from Governor James D. Williams. He also held the position of deputy surveyor of customs, deputy surveyor of port and deputy disbursing officer at Evansville, his commission being issued by Secretary John Sherman. As deputy he disbursed the money for building a new post- office and custom house at Evansville. After a year, however, he resigned to devote his entire time to private business interests. On disposing of his boat store in Evansville, he returned to Paducah, Kentucky, and for several years was engaged in the offrce of the Kanawha Salt Company. While with them he made for the home office at Charleston, Virginia, an account sales, using English and German text for a fancy heading with the body in neat back-hand. The head office then wrote the agent at Paducah complimenting Mr. Hammersley on the work, stating that they had framed it and hung it up in the office. He next accepted a position at Evansville, Indiana, as chief accountant in the office of L. Ruffner, Jr., & Company, at that time one of the largest grain and commission houses in the southwest, one item of their yearly sales being ninety thousand barrels of salt, while their sales of grain, hay and flour were immense, their trade extending to Charleston, South CarOlina, Savannah, Georgia, and other southern points. They were also pork packers and plow manufacturers, all of which accounts were in his charge. He was warned by his former chief that it was too big an enterprise for him to handle, but this determined him more than ever to fill the position. He not only had to keep the current work up but had to check back a half million dollars worth of work to effect the balance. Putting system into his task, he handled it with ease, being a rapid writer and quick at figures. He has still in his possession an excellent recommendation from this firm, couched in very complimentary terms. After two years with the house the principal stockholder, who was the president of the Citizens National Bank, withdrew and the firm was dissolved. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1071 Mr. Hammersley was then offered a position with the German American National Bank of Paducah, Kentucky, at a still further advance in salary, but he decided to accept a position with the firm of H. M. Sweeter & Company, wholesale dry-goods merchants, as chief accountant and credit man. It was predicted by one of their confidential men that Mr. Hammersley would hold the position but a short time as they never had a man who filled the position longer than eighteen months, so strenuous were the demands made upon the incumbent. Mr. Hammersley, however, was a worker and held the place for seven years, working seventeen hours each day during six months of the busy season. He resigned much against the wishes of the company and he now has in his possession a valuable testimonial from them as well as a most complimentary recommendation. In the meantime his reputation for ability, diligence and business capacity was spreading abroad and when he left that place he was offered five different positions all at an advance over his former salary. He did not waste any time but accepted a position with the celebrated railroad construction company of Brown, Howard & Company as auditor and cashier in the building of the extension of the Peoria, Decatur & Evansville Railway and also the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad. He handled fourteen million dollars for this firm without bond and on the completion of the latter road in October, 1882, he was made its assistant treasurer and has remained as such until the present time. He has signed every check issued by this company at Cleveland since it opened for business. His record is a splendid example of the fact that ability will come to the front and that energy and determination win their just rewards. Mr. Hammersley was married in Evansville, Indiana, to Miss Matilda Graham, a daughter of Dr. David Moore Graham, a noted physician and former Mississippi planter, whom he first met on a steamer when, accompanied by his daughter, he was returning to his home in the south from a trip to Saratoga. Her grandfather, William Graham, was born in Pennsylvania and was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. He had seven sons and three daughters, some of whom settled in the Carolinas, Missouri and other southern states. The family is distantly related to the families of General T. J. (Stonewall) Jackson and D. H. Hill, noted Confederate leaders. Mrs. Hammersley is also related to the royal family of Holland through Baron Otto, who was her mother's uncle. The family tree which was in possession of Aunt Katy Emrich, who guarded it jealously when alive, has disappeared since her death and the family have been unable to locate it. Mr. and Mrs. Hammersley have one child, a daughter Grace, now the wife of H. T. Rice, of Louisville, Kentucky. Mr. and Mrs. Hammers- ley reside at No. 1601 Twenty-first street in Cleveland. If he has any fads athletics is one of them and, like his father, he has always been fond of horses, spending much time in riding and driving previous to his coming north. Formerly he was a member of the Colonial and Transportation Clubs but at present holds membership with the Cleveland Athletic Club only. He is a man of forceful character, a typical representative of the enterprising American and stands also as a high type of manhood and chivalry. EDWARD W. BRIGGS. Edward W. Briggs, dealing in surety bonds and insurance, occupies an influential position in the financial circles of the city and, being a young man of excellent business judgment and untiring energy, which qualities have enabled him to be thus far successful, the future will undoubtedly reward his ambition and noble purpose with a position of greater prominence in business affairs. His father, Frank A. Briggs, was a native of New York state, born July 7, 1844, and to this city he came about 1865, having previously resided for a time in Michigan. Here he followed his profession as civil engineer until his death in 1072 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1900. He was a veteran of the Civil war and served throughout the conflict in the Eighteenth Michigan Volunteer Infantry. The mother of our subject, Charlotte A. (Jackson) Briggs, departed this life when he was in his eleventh year. Her people were among the first settlers of this region, her grandfather, a native of England, having located on the present site of Cleveland when the entire country was a vast wilderness and here the members of the family became quite prominent, owning large tracts of land within the city limits and also in the suburbs, At the usual age Edward W. Briggs was enrolled as a pupil at the public schools here and upon completing his studies, anxious to launch out in the business world, he secured employment as a clerk in the Cleveland City Forge & Iron Company's offices, where he remained for nine years, during which time by faithful application to duty he acquired business experience and secured several promotions. At the expiration of that period he resigned his position and, joining the Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in which he was a commissioned officer, served throughout the Spanish-American war, after which he was appointed agent of the Chamber of Commerce building, resigning to enter business on his own account. For two years he was affiliated with the United Surety Company as manager, and for the past two years represented the Massachusetts Bonding and Insurance Company. He has excellent business qualifications which are widely recognized and his career thus far has been of great usefulness not only to himself but particularly to the companies with which he is associated. Mr. Briggs wedded Grace A. Rogers on August 3, 1896, and the couple have since been living in the comfort and joy of domestic happiness in this city. He is prominent in club life and for three years was rear commodore of the Cleveland Yacht Club, and is now vice commodore of the Lakewood Yacht Club and, being fond of boating, spends most of his leisure time on the lakes. During his brief career, his genial disposition has won him a host of friends, and his business qualifications, which are evidenced by the responsible position he occupies, justly number him among the city's representative men. EDWARD LEWIS. The history of any community resolves itself into the lives of the men whose activities have been responsible for its upbuilding, and in a city the magnitude of Cleveland this fact is doubtly true. Her remarkable growth is largely due to the varied and extensive industrial institutions, foremost among which is the iron and steel industry. No history of this city would be complete without prominent mention of those men whose careers are inseparably a part of the history of that industry. Such a man was Edward Lewis, who came to Cleveland in 1841. He was born in Malmsbury, Wiltshire, England, in 1819, a son of a worthy market gardener, whose family of eleven children typified in a small way the crowded condition of the United Kingdom. Believing the new world offered better opportunities for a young man, whose sole capital was his energy and ambition, Edward Lewis set sail for the United States. Alone but confident, he left the classic precincts of the little English town whose pavements had been more than once vocal with the tread of royalty, and whose abbey walls to this day bear the marks‘of Cromwell's cannon balls, and sought the greater advantages of America. Taking passage on a sailing vessel that after a stormy voyage of six weeks landed him in New York, he made up his mind to locate in a smaller town and came to Cleveland. This was at that time the terminus of the stage route and navigation had closed for the season. Thus being forced to remain or proceed elsewhere by other methods of travel, his location in this city was much by force of circumstances. Having made up his mind to remain here Mr. Lewis sought employment and soon found it in the iron and hardware store of W. A. Otis on what was then HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1075 Merwin street, thus beginning a connection with the iron business that was continued for more than a half century. He was a sturdy young man, full of energy and ambition, and was paid the munificent sum of one dollar per day and boarded himself. His habits of industry, his willingness and the ready manner with which he learned the business attracted the attention of Mr. Otis and he was advanced to positions of trust. Mr. Otis furnished the capital for the building of a small rolling mill at Newcastle, Pennsylvania, to make iron nails which were sold in the Cleveland market, and in connection with this enterprise, as his representative, Mr. Lewis acquired valuable information in the iron-making business. This was an early period in the development of the iron industry in this section of the country and he stood among the foremost who were active in the line of business to which Cleveland largely owes her present progress and prosperity. He became the owner of a third interest in the business of the firm of Ford & Otis, afterward reorganized under the name of the Otis Iron Company. The plant and its equipments, although very small in comparison with those of the present time, constituted a mammoth enterprise for those days. The firm started with two furnaces and two hammers, employing about fifteen men. A year later two more hammers were installed and in 1859 an eighteen inch and an eight inch mill were added to the plant, the daily product being about eight or nine tons—a large amount for that day. However, the iron business was somewhat disocuraging and uncertain at that time, the mills being entirely idle during twenty-one months of the forty-eight months in which James Buchanan was president of the United States. The war and the Morrill tariff, however, infused life into the enterprise, which from that time enjoyed rapid and substantial growth. In 1872 Mr. Otis retired from the firm and the Lake Erie Iron Company succeeded to the business, W. C. Scofield and Mr. Lewis purchasing the interests of Mr. Otis and E. B. Thomas. Gradually a mammoth undertaking was built up and in this great establishment, which included mills, furnaces, forges and one of the most extensive bolt and nut works in the country, Mr. Lewis became one of the extensive stockholders. The business grew until it was necessary to employ one thousand men in its conduct and from 1861 until 1893 work in the plant was never stopped except for repairs. With the gradual expansion of the business Mr. Lewis was closely identified, carefully formulating his plans, executing them with decision, while over every detail of the business he watcehd carefully that its best interests might be conserved and that maximum results might be obtained at a minimum expenditure of time, labor and material, which is the source of all success in the industrial world. Mr. Lewis was a man of great physical energy and when long past three score and ten, was able to perform an amount of work more becoming of one twenty years his junior. The advancing years seemed to have little or no effect on his vigorous frame and none whatever upon his capacity for business. He accumulated a large property, the possession of which never changed the man in his manner toward acquaintances of his early struggles in life. No citizen of his time in Cleveland enjoyed any higher reputation for business foresight and ability, for progressive energy and sterling integrity. His word was his bond, and that was always at a premium. Before the war Mr. Lewis was one of the most active conductors of the "underground" railway in this city. The fugitive slaves were usually shipped across the lake on Canadian lumber vessels, and he could relate many stirring incidents of those troublous days in which he took a leading part. The slavery question entered prominently into church discussions until after the emancipation, and Mr. Lewis affiliated with the Wesleyan Methodists on that account, the Methodist Episcopal church being divided on the issue. In 1872, however, he joined the First Methodist Episcopal church and remained one if its pillars until his death. In 1845, Edward Lewis married Mrs. Harriet Lowrie, who died in 1892. They were parents of five children, of whom only one, Mrs. Charles H. Weed, survives. The family residence was at the old No. 65 Euclid Avenue in a home 1076 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND becoming a gentleman of Mr. Lewis' means, where his friends were always welcome. He manifested a keen interest in municipal affairs, but never sought office. His political identification was with the republican party. He was ever mindful of his obligations to the public and his duties of citizenship. Firm in his convictions, his position upon any vital question was never an equivocal one. Mr. Lewis survived until February 16, 1904, when he was laid to rest in Lakeview cemetery, HENRY STARKE. Henry Starke has reached the Psalmist's span of three score years and ten but is still a very active factor in the world's work, and in energy, spirit and interests seems yet in his prime. He has conserved his forces through their capable direction, and at all times his business activity has been well balanced by his devotion to the public good and his broad humanitarianism. Starting in business life in Cleveland by cutting wood at fifty cents per cord, he has steadily climbed upward until he is today one of the prominent figures in the public eye, at the present time capably managing municipal affairs in his position as superintendent of parks. His labors in this connection need no other encomium than the testimony of their own splendid appearance. Mr. Starke was born in Hanover, Germany, April 7, 1839. His father, Henry Starke, came to Cleveland in 1859, and soon afterward settled upon a farm near Dover, where he resided until his death, which occurred in 1894, when he had reached the age of seventy-four years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Ella Hellman, was also a native of Hanover, Germany, and died in 1899, at the advanced age of seventy-nine years. In the public schools of his native land Henry Starke pursued his education and upon his father's farm remained until coming to America on a sailing vessel, landing at New York. Immediately after his arrival on the shores of the new world, he came to Cleveland and was first employed here in cutting wood at fifty cents per cord. He then secured a factory position, which he filled for three years and subsequently engaged in the oil refinery business with Charles A. Dean, who was the pioneer oil man of Cleveland. Three years were passed in that manner, on the expiration of which period Mr. Starke became foreman for Schofield & Holly, with whom he remained for a year and a half. He was also for three years foreman with the firm of Hussey & McBride in the oil business, and turning his attention to mercantile lines on his own account, he engaged in the grocery business on Scovill avenue, conducting a successful enterprise there for twenty years. In that period his trade steadily increased and his well managed affairs brought him substantial and merited profit. He next became associated with street railway interests in connection with Tom L. Johnson, helping to promote and build the Scovill avenue line. He acted as general foreman and superintendent of the road and was later manager and purchasing agent at the barns of the company. He was known as the father of the Brooklyn line and remained with the street railway until its consolidation, after which he was claim agent for the construction lines for two years. At that time Mr. Starke removed to Detroit in association with the Johnson railway interests and spent five and a half years in that city, being actively engaged in the change of the lines from horse to electric power. He was superintendent of lines in Detroit until 1901, when he returned to Cleveland and in the latter year was appointed assistant superintendent of parks. Three years later he was promoted to the superintendency and during his administration many improvements have been made in the park system and seven playgrounds have been added to the city, while all the large parks have been extended and improved in accordance with the most modern and progressive ideas of parkways. With the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1077 keenest realization of the value of the parks in growing cities with their congested population, he has sought to give Cleveland a park system which would be most creditable, because of the benefits derived therefrom, and most attractive by reason of the beauties of landscape gardening there offered. While Mr. Starke is a strong republican in principle, he has always been a strong supporter of Tom L. Johnson in his fight for civic improvements and the promotion of civic interests, and is a director of The Johnson Company. As the years have gone by and he has prospered in his undertakings he has from time to time made investments in property and is now the owner of extensive real-estate interests. On the 6th of October, 1857, Mr. Starke was married to Miss Clara Bente, a daughter of Edward and Katherine (Brugemann) Bente, who were also natives of Hanover, Germany, where they were reared and married. Mrs. Starke was born August 15, 1836, and departed this life July 21, 1906. She was all that is implied in the term "a devoted wife and mother" and she was also active in church and charitable work. Four children were born of this union : Herman, who died in infancy; Henry F., of Cleveland; John, who is a dealer in horses ; and Louise, the wife of Ernest Boester. The family residence is at No. 1880 East Twenty- fourth street. Mr. Starke finds his recreation in driving and outdoor sports but neither the demands of business nor the pleasures afforded in social relations exclude his active participation in movements for the public good, nor for the religious development of the city. He is a member of the Science Lutheran church, is president of the German Lutheran Beneficial Association, acts as a trustee of the church and was president of the building committee through the periods when the school and church edifices were erected. He is a typical man of the period, alert and enterprising, recognizing and utilizing opportunities in business, yet with an understanding that material things do not make up the sum total of existence and that the tri-fold nature of man demands development in other directions as well. He has displayed the keenest interest in intellectual and moral progress of the city and in all those affairs which are relative to vital civic concerns. CHARLES C. BOLTON. Charles C. Bolton, a Cleveland capitalist, unlike many men of wealth, finds sufficient attraction and interest in his native city to continue to make it his home. His birth here occurred March 23, 1855, his father being Judge Thomas Bolton, who was born in Scipio, New York, November 29, 1809. He became a resident of Cleveland in 1834, when the city had scarcely emerged from village-hood, and was for many years one of the most prominent attorneys and judges of the Ohio bar. Charles C. Bolton, provided with excellent educational opportunities, attended the public schools, Miss Guilford's Academy, the Phillips Exeter Academy of Exeter, New Hampshire, and then entered Harvard University in 1873, being graduated within the classic walls of that institution in 1877, when the degree Of Bachelor of Arts was conferred upon him. He was there a classmate of the late Governor William E. Russell, of Massachusetts, and President Lowell, of Harvard. The two years following his graduation he spent in travel abroad, thus supplementing his university course by the broadening knowledge and culture which only travel can bring. He next became identified with Rhodes & Company, the predecessors of the firm of M. A. Hanna & Company, and remained in that connection for twenty-five consecutive years. The history of the firm is a part of the commercial records of Cleveland and is known to every citizen who is at all familiar with Cleveland's business development. In 1904 he retired and as a capitalist is now devoting his energies to his many private interests. Mr. Bolton is a life member of the Chamber of Commerce, is serving on its directorate and is chairman of its military committee. He enjoys the compan- 1078 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ionship of fellow members of the Union, University and Country Clubs of Cleveland and of the Duquesne Club of Pittsburg. His study of the political issues and questions of the day has led to his support of the republican party and his religious belief is manifest in his membership in St. Paul's Episcopal church. He has also figured in military circles of this city and was a charter member of the famous Troop A, a most aristocratic military organization, in which he has served in every capacity from private to captain and is now a veteran member. Realizing and fully meeting the responsibilities of wealth, he has been a generous contributor to many benevolent purposes and projects and was chosen president of the Associated Charities to success General Barnett. He has since devoted much of his time and wealth to this splendid charitable organization. On the 24th of November, 1880, Mr. Bolton was married to Miss Julia Castle, a daughter of William and Mary (Newell) Castle, the former at one time mayor of Cleveland. Their children are five in number : Chester, a graduate of Harvard University of the class of 1005 and now with the Bourne-Fuller Company ; Kenyon, a graduate of the University School, now connected with the Baker Motor Vehicle Company ; Irving and Newell, who are attending Harvard; and Julian, who is a student in the University School. Mr. Bolton finds interest in all manly outdoor sports, in motoring, hunting and fishing. He belongs to Winan's Point Shooting Club and the Castalia Sporting Club . His city residence is the old family homestead at No. 7016 Euclid avenue, where his birth occurred, and his country home is at Camden, South Carolina. With deep attachment for the place of his nativity, he has always maintained his residence here, although he indulges his love of travel, for which he has every opportunity. W. DOMINICK BENES. W. Dominick Benes, whose many designs of Cleveland's prominent buildings place him in a conspicuous position, before the public as one of the city's leading architects, was born in Prague, Bohemia, June 14, 1857. Far back in the ancestral history appears the name of Benes in connection with the profession of architecture, for Russell Sturgiss in his dictionary of architecture gives the name of Benedict Benes, who was architect to the king of Bohemia and erected many important buildings of Prague, where he died in 1537. Joseph M. Benes, the father of W. D. Benes, was one of the first citizens that Bohemia furnished to Cleveland. He was born in Prague, Bohemia, in 1826, and came to this country with his brother, John V. Benes, an architect, in 1866. He first located in Chicago, where he remained for about a year, and afterward came to Cleveland. He had previously learned the cutter's trade in connection with merchant tailoring and in this city associated himself with Carson & Company, tailors. Subsequently he established a tailoring business at Euclid and Willson avenues, where he conducted an extensive and profitable enterprise. He was widely read on historical and political topics and was foremost among those who supported the early educational movements among his countrymen. His wife bore the maiden name of Josephine Nowak. His family consisted of five sons and two daughters : Carl D., W. Dominick, Anthony J., G. Dale, George D., Rose and Josephine. W. Dominick Benes began his education in the schools of Prague, was afterward a student in the public schools of Cleveland and later in the high school at Oberlin, Ohio. In 1872, however, he put aside the text-books which he was using at Oberlin to study and work with his uncle, J. V. Benes, an architect of Chicago. Upon his return to Cleveland seven months later he entered into a three years' contract with A. Mitermiler to study architecture and thus his time passed from 1873 until 1876. The following twenty years were spent in the office of Coburn & Barnum, architects, and for two years he was a member of the firm of Coburn, Barnum & Benes. Later he spent a year in a partnership relation HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1081 which was maintained under the name of Coburn, Barnum, Benes & Hubbell, and since the 5th of May, 1897, he has been practicing his profession under the firm name of Hubbell & Benes. His study has been given more especially to designs and among the commissions which he worked on while with the above firms were those for the plans of the Olney art gallery, the Historical Society building, the Goodrich House, the Wade Memorial, the Citizens building, the Centennial arch, the Cleveland School of Art, the East End Baptist church at Euclid and Logan streets, the West Side market house and many fine residences. At present he is engaged upon the design for the Cleveland Museum of Art, which is to be built in Wade park. The Centennial arch, for which he made the designs, was seventy feet high, one hundred feet wide and twenty feet thick. The ornamentations were elaborate and beautiful. There were six plaster cast groups on pedestals, one on each side and one on each end. Those in front consisted of winged figures, seven feet high, holding aloft vases of flowers. Around the front of the arch proper ran a band of decorative work, while in the center or keystone was a large American eagle with outstretched wings. The frieze set forth an ornamentation in which cupids, shields and garlands played the leading part. On top of the arch a balustrade with flags of all nations formed the crowning decoration. At night it appeared in all its glory, light from nine hundred electric lamps shining forth, brilliantly illuminating the public square. Possessing good business ability, comprehensive knowledge of scientific principles and splendid appreciation for all that is artistic in light, form and coloring, Mr. Benes well deserves to be classed with the leading architects of Cleveland. On the 9th of March, 1881, in this city, Mr. Benes was married to Miss Matilda F. Nowak. Her parents were among the pioneer Bohemian residents of Cleveland and her father, Frank Nowak, erected the first meeting house for the various Bohemian societies. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Benes have been born four children : Grace, Clara, Matilda and Jerome Howard. The last named was married April 15, 1908, in Lakewood, Ohio, to Miss Alice R. Maile. Mr. Benes was a member of the Bohemian Turners Society, a local athletic association, and was teacher therein for several years. He was also a member of the first Cleveland Athletic Club and the Young Men's Christian Association Business Men's Club. He was formerly a member of the Century Club and now belongs to the Clifton Club and the Lakewood Yacht Club. Interested in the public schools, he served as a member of the board of education of West Cleveland from 1885 until 1887 and he has done active work for municipal progress as a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce since November 20, 1901. Along more specifically scientific lines he is connected with the American Institute of Architects, which has its headquarters in Washington, D. C., and is now president and past president of the local chapter of that organization. He is also a charter member and at one time was president of the Cleveland Architectural Club. He has held to high ideals in his profession, working ever along lines of progress, recognizing the fact that his advancement must depend upon the increase of his skill as well as upon the ability to carefully and systematically manage his business interests. ROBERT MURRAY KILGORE. Robert Murray Kilgore, who has recently identified himself with the commercial life of Cleveland as district sales agent of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company, was born in Allegheny, Pennsylvania, June 14, 1877, his parents being Jesse B. and Mary (Barker) Kilgore. The former was a native of Pleasant Unity, Westmoreland county, Pennsylvania, and during his early life devoted himself to agricultural pursuits. Later he engaged in the wholesale wool business, -being connected with William Barker, Jr., & Company, with whom he re- 1082 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND mained throughout his active life. He died September 27, 1904, and his widow survived him less than a year, for her death occurred July Jo, 1905. They were the parents of six children, four sons and two daughters, those besides the subject of this review being: William B., of Oakmont, Pennsylvania ; Jesse V., of Wilkinsburg, that state; Edwin S., of Blairsville, Pennsylvania ; Jane B., who is the wife of George B. Taggert, of Sewickley, Pennsylvania ; and Ann M., who is the wife of R. S. Zimmers, of Blairsville, Pennsylvania. In Blairsville-his native town—Robert Murray Kilgore received the best education the public schools afforded, for after having completed the course in the grammar grades he entered the high school, where he fitted himself for college. He was enrolled as a student of the Pennsylvania State College, but after the close of his sophomore year he left that institution to obtain a commercial training in Duff's Business College. Upon leaving there he entered the employ of the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company as an office boy. He was twenty years of age at the time and by reason of his wide education and the sterling traits of character which have ever distinguished him, he was able to rise rapidly, becoming in succession shipping clerk and city salesman in the sales department, finally being entrusted with a district of which Cleveland is the center. He came to this city in January, 1908, opening an office at 808 Rockefeller building. He has promoted the interests of his firm with the ability which has ever characterized his relations in the business world, taking a conspicuous, though justifiable and exemplary pride in making his division one of the most profitable of the many maintained by this important concern. On the 30th of September, 1900, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Kilgore and Miss Bertha Wallace, a daughter of William M. Wallace, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Three children have been born unto the couple : Jane Taggert, Jesse Baxter and Robert Murray, Jr. Mr. Kilgore belongs to the college fraternity of Kappa Sigma and is very active among the Masons, for he is a member of Franklin Lodge, No. 221, A. F. & A. M., and, having been advanced to the rank of a Royal Arch Mason, is a member of the Duquesne Chapter. Socially he finds relaxation in the Union Club. Since he has been of age to exercise his right of franchise Mr. Kilgore has steadfastly given his support to the principles of the republican party, placing strong reliance in their value, although apart from casting his ballot whenever there is occasion he has taken little active interest in political affairs. He is a Lutheran in his religious affiliations and is a member of the church of that denomination at Crafton, Pennsylvania. MORRIS W. KASTRINER. Morris W. Kastriner, who all through his student days pursued courses that have constituted valuable features in his later success as a member of the bar, is now practicing as a member of the firm of Feniger & Kastriner in Cleveland. He was born in New York city, April 3, 1880, a son of Jacob and Bertha (Hess) Kastriner, the former born in Hungary in August, 1854, and the latter in Savannah, Georgia, January 29, 1858. Jacob Kastriner came to the United States in 1868. He arrived in Cleveland twenty years ago and for many years was connected with the manufacture of clothing, making a specialty of boys' shirtwaists. His wife is the daughter of Jacob Hess, who was born in Germany in 1836 and died in 1899. He was for many years a retail clothier in New York. Morris W. Kastriner began his education in the public schools of the eastern metropolis and when eight years of age accompanied his parents to Cleveland, where he continued his studies until he was graduated from the Central high school in 1897. He was an alumnus of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University of 1901, in which year the Bachelor of Arts degree was conferred upon him. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1083 His professional training was received m the Western Reserve University law school, where he was graduated an LL. B. in 1904. Locating for practice in Cleveland, he joined Mr. Feniger in organizing the present firm of Feniger & Kastriner. While he engages in general practice, he yet pays much attention to corporation and commercial law. When in college he made a specialty of philisophy, history and economics, debating and oratory, branches which have brought him that broad general knowledge upon which the perfect learning of the law should always rest. He was awarded a philosophical prize for a theme on "The Ethics of the Golden Rule" and one of four who participated in the junior oratorical contest. His reading and research have always covered a wide range and he is regarded as an interesting companion in those circles where intelligence is accounted a necessary attribute. Aside from his law practice he is interested in business concerns, being a director in The Harburger Brothers Company, The Double Eagle Bottling Company, The Colonial Printing Company, The Automatic Bed Chair Company, and The Garland Realty Company. He has a large practice among people of his own race but even a larger clientage among those of other nationalities. Mr. Kastriner is popular wherever known and is largely recognized as a leader in the different organizations with which he is associated. He belongs to the Euclid Avenue Temple, is active in its work, is serving on the membership board and is treasurer of the Euclid Avenue Temple League. He is a member of the Excelsior Club, the Knights of Pythias, the B'nai B'rith and the Independent Aid Society, and gives his political allegiance to the republican party but is not an active worker in its ranks. Never infringing on the rights of others, his consideration and deference for the opinions of those with whom he comes in contact are qualities which are constantly expanding the circle of his friends. GOODMAN DORFMAN. Goodman Dorfman, now deceased, was one of the successful business men on the west side of Cleveland and also a citizen of large public and philanthropic spirit. He was born in Memel, Germany, September 3, 1871, a son of Bernard and Hannah Dorfman, who spent their entire lives in the fatherland. He received a good education in the public schools of Memel, in which he was a pupil until fourteen years of age, when he came to America. For a short time he remained in New York, his port of landing, whence he made his way to Cleveland, for he had relatives in this city. Here Mr. Dorfman assisted in a clothing store, while he spent his evenings and spare time studying and reading to increase his knowledge and become proficient in the English language. He was particularly fond of Shakespeare, Dickens and other authors, whose works are regarded as classics. He had been in this city for something less than ten years when he engaged in business for himself, opening a men's furnishing store upon the west side. It started modestly, but by reason of the sound business principles upon which it was established, the energy, ability and up-to-date methods of Mr. Dorfman it became one of the best in this section of the city, while at the same time it was enlarged to include all lines of clothing and furnishings. At one time Mr. Dorfman was also a director of the American Savings Bank but resigned that position a year before the institution failed. On the 11th of February, 1902, Mr. Dorfman married Miss Bertha Cramer, of Cleveland, who had been engaged as a teacher here for several years previously. She was a daughter of Mayer Cramer, a shoe merchant. Their union was blessed with two children : Bernard M., six years of age; and Gertrude, who is still in her infancy. 1084 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Dorfman was very quiet and refined in his tastes, a deep lover of books, his home and his family. He was instrumental in securing the Lorain-Clark Library for the west side, and was also prominent in numerous charities, both those supported by his own race and others. He was a member of the Federation of Jewish Charities, contributed regularly to the Babies Dispensary, the Jewish Infants Home and the Cleveland Christian Orphanage, bequeathing to each of these institutions donations at the time of his death. Fraternally he was connected with the Masons, the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith and was a member of Scoville temple. His death occurred April 1, 1909, depriving Cleveland of one of her earnest workers and progressive and charitable citizens. FREDERICK H. GOFF. Frederick H. Goff, president of The Cleveland Trust Company, was born at Blackberry, Kane county, Illinois, December 15, 1858, his parents being Frederick C. and Catherine J. (Brown) Goff, the former a coal operator of Cleveland. The family is an old one in this country, the first representatives of the name having come to the United States as early as 1670. Mr. Goff graduated from the University of Michigan in 1881 and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in June, 1883. In October, 1884, he became a partner of W. F. Carr under the firm name of Carr & Goff. This firm united with Estep & Dickey in June, 1890, under the name of Estep, Dickey, Carr & Goff. Later Mr. Goff became a member of the firm, Kline, Tolles & Goff. In June, 1908, he was elected president of The Cleveland Trust Company and shortly thereafter retired from active practice. At the time of his retirement, he was president of the Cleveland Bar Association. In 1903 he was elected mayor of Glenville, at the time a suburb of Cleveland. In the fall of 1907 at the request of the directors of The Cleveland Electric Railway Company Mr. Goff undertook to effect a settlement of the street railway controversy, the company agreeing to abide by any settlement he might make. He is a member of the Union, Country and Rowfant Clubs and vice president of the Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad Company, The Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railroad Company and the Akron & Chicago Junction Railroad Company. On the 16th of October, 1894, Mr. Goff was united in marriage to Miss Frances Southworth, by whom he has three children, Fredericka S., William S. and Frances Mary. FRANCIS ROCKWELL MARVIN. Although one of the recent additions to the Cleveland bar Francis Rockwell Marvin has already demonstrated his right to be classed with the leading representatives of the younger circle of attorneys of this city and he is also well known in connection with corporate interests. He was born in Akron, Ohio, January 2, 1877, a son of Ulysses and Dorena (Rockwell) Marvin, the latter a daughter of the Hon. David L. Rockwell, of Kent, Ohio. Both the Marvin and Rockwell families number among their members many capable representatives of the legal. fraternity. Ulysses L. Marvin, a native of Ohio, is now judge of the circuit court of the eighth judicial district. He has for many years been widely recognized as one of the prominent attorneys of the state and moreover made a creditable military record as an officer of the Civil war. He resides at Akron, where he has reared his family of four sons, namely ; David L., who was an attorney of Akron but is now deceased ; George U., a prominent newspaper man who is HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1087 Columbus correspondent for the Cleveland Leader and other papers and secretary of the board of penitentiary managers ; Charles A., also a representative of journalism, being now the political editor of the Cleveland Press ; and Francis R. Pursuing his education in the schools of his native city Francis R. Marvin was in course of time graduated from the high school with the class of 1894. He then pursued a preparatory course in Oberlin Academy and was graduated in 1896, subsequent to which time he entered Williams College, at Williamstown, Massachusetts, where he obtained his more specifically literary education. In preparation for a professional career he entered the law department of the State University at Ann Arbor, Michigan, and won the Bachelor of Law degree in 1901. Admitted to the bar in Columbus, the same year, he afterward began practice in Akron, being associated with the firm of Musser & Kohler and later with Edwin F. Voris. In March, 1904, he came to Cleveland and entered the office of Foran & McTighe. In September, 1905, he was admitted to a partnership under the firm style of Foran, McTighe, Pearson & Marvin. This association was maintained until May, 1907, when he began practice alone at his present location. In January, 1909, he joined John H. Smart and C. R. Ford in the partnership under the style of Smart, Marvin & Ford, and they are enjoying an extensive and distinctively representative clientage. Mr. Marvin has tried many cases before the different courts and has manifested marked ability in handling the points at issue, marshaling them with the precision of a military commander. He never fails to give a careful preparation and in the trial of a cause presents each point with its due relative prominence. He was special counsel for the attorney general for Cleveland in northern and eastern Ohio in 1905 and 1906 and he is well known as a valued member of the Cuyahoga Bar Association. Aside from his professional interests Mr. Marvin is known in business connections, being the vice president and one of the directors of the Windermere Realty Company, which deals in high class property in east Cleveland. He is also the secretary of the Pittsburg Fruit Auction Company and a director in several other business concerns. At Akron, Ohio, on the 12th of April, 1905, Mr. Marvin wedded Miss Elizabeth M. Dague, a daughter of W. C. Dague, senior member of the firm of Dague Brothers, at Akron, who there conducted one of the largest department stores of the state. The father is now deceased. In his political views Mr. Marvin is a republican and has been active in the local ranks of the party. He holds membership in the Tippecanoe Club, the Hermit Club and the Cleveland Athletic Club of this city and the Portage Country Club of Akron. Fraternally he is an Elk and while at college was a member of the Delta Upsilon, the Sophomore society, of the Theta Nu Epsilon and the Phi Delta Phi, a legal fraternity. He was also president of the musical clubs of the University of Michigan and was pope of the Friars Society. Always interested in music, he possesses a tenor voice of excellent quality and is a member of the Singers Club of Cleveland. His religious views are indicated in his membership in the Episcopal church. His interests are varied, showing a well rounded character and at the same time he holds other affairs subservient to his professional duties in his obligations to an extensive clientage. FREDERICK B. AYER. One of the more recent acquisitions to the business circles of Cleveland is Frederick B. Ayer, who since 1908 has been vice president of the Fred P. Thomas Company, insurance men of this city. Born in Unity, New Hampshire, October 27, 1874, is a son of Benjamin Franklin and Susan V. (Bailey) Ayer. His father, who was a farmer and stock raiser by occupation, was one of a family of sixteen children. He died on the 5th of October, 1884, and the mother of our subject passed away March 1, 1883. His great-grandfather, William Ayer, was in the 1088 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Revolutionary war for twenty-seven months, being a member of General Washington's body guard. He was with the army encamped at Valley Forge during that memorable winter and participated in the battle of Princeton. Tradition relates that the name Ayer, which is variously spelled Ayer, Eyre, Ayres and Ayers, originated at the time William the Conqueror landed in England. During the battle of Hastings William was knocked unconscious by a blow on the head. Seeing his condition one of his soldiers rushed to his aid and opened his helmet. Upon recovering the Conqueror rewarded the soldier by knighting him "The Knight of Air." After the death of his parents, Frederick B. Ayer removed to Wellesley, Massachusetts, where he lived with his sister; who afterward became Mrs. K. N. Hills and was for many years principal of Harcourt Place, Gambier, Ohio. He obtained his early education in the public schools of Wellesley and subsequently pursued a preparatory course in Kenyon Military Academy before entering Williams College, from which he was graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the class of 1896. Following his graduation he devoted seven years to teaching school, when, feeling that his labors were somewhat circumscribed in that profession, he entered business circles in Cleveland in 1903, becoming connected with the insurance firm operating under the name of the Fred P. Thomas Company. Here he soon demonstrated his business worth and capacity, was gradually promoted, and in 1908 was elected vice president, which is his present connection with the firm. Mr. Ayer resides at No. 40 Mt. Union street with his family, consisting of wife and three children. He wedded Agnes L. Goddard, a daughter of Edwin and Louise (Newell) Goddard, of Ashtabula, Ohio. Her father, who is a director of the Farmers National Bank of that place and president of the Raser Tanning Company, was one of President McKinley's bondsmen. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Ayer are Edwin Goddard, Ethel Louise and Margaret. When leisure affords him opportunity Mr. Ayer indulges in tennis, baseball and outdoor athletics. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and his political views are evidenced in his support of the republican party at the polls. He belongs to the different Masonic bodies and to the Emmanuel Episcopal church and finds in various relations that high regard which is the expression of the genuine friendship that is awakened by the geniality and kindly spirit of the individual. ALEXANDER PRINTZ. Alexander Printz occupies a prominent position in industrial circles of Cleveland as the president of the Printz Biederman Company, manufacturers of ladies' suits, cloaks and skirts—one of the most extensive concerns of this character in the United States. He was born in Kassa, Austria, on the 29th of November, 1869, a son of Moritz and Celia (Friedman) Printz. In 1872 the father crossed the Atlantic to the United States, taking up his abode in Cleveland, Ohio, where he entered the employ of D. Black & Company, then engaged in the wholesale notion business. He is now living retired and is widely recognized as one of the most prosperous and highly esteemed residents of the city. Alexander Printz, who was but three years of age when brought by his parents to the new world, attended the public schools of Cleveland in pursuit of an education. intending afterward to take the examination preparatory to entering the Columbia School of Mines, where he expected to take a course in civil engineering. During the periods of vacation he worked for D. Black & Company and when in his seventeenth year was persuaded by his employers to abandon his plans and remain in their service. He first acted in the capacity of stock boy and then went on the road as a traveling salesman, in which connection he ably represented the company until December, 1893. At that time, in association with his HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1089 father and Joseph Biederman, he organized the Printz Biederman Company for the purpose of manufacturing ladies' suits, cloaks and skirts. After the first year the entire management of the business practically devolved upon him and when it was incorporated in 1904 he was made president of the concern. This enterprise, which has now reached such mammoth proportions, had a very humble beginning, the first quarters of the firm being in a loft on St. Clair street. The father did the designing and Alexander and his brother went upon the road, selling all the goods manufactured by the company. The business of the first year amounted to one hundred and twenty thousand dollars and covered only Ohio and adjoining states. At the present time they conduct a business amounting to more than a million and a half dollars annually, while their output is sold in every part of the United States as well as in Canada. They employ more than a thousand people in the main plant, where only about one-half of their goods are manufactured, the remainder being made in their numerous branch shops throughout the city. They also have offices in New York city, Chicago and St. Louis and rank among the most extensive enterprises of this character in the country. Each year the firm sends a man to Europe in order to get the most advanced fashions. The Printz Biederman Company is one of only three concerns of this kind whose goods are trademarked and advertised in the magazines to the consumer for the benefit of their trade. Mr. Printz has devoted his attention exclusively to the development and upbuilding of the business and his sound judgment and keen insight have proved important factors in its successful control. On the 5th of October, 1897, at Erie, Pennsylvania, Mr. Printz was united in marriage to Miss Almira Steele, of Chattanooga, Tennessee. They reside in an attractive and commodious residence at No. 1782 East Ninetieth street and are prominent socially. Mr. Printz is a republican in his political views and belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Excelsior Club and the Oakwood Club. He finds pleasure and recreation in golfing, being very fond of the sport. Kindness, amiability and courtesy not only characterize his social relations but are a marked feature in his business life, and the humblest employe never sees a trace of the over-bearing taskmaster in him. His prominence in business is not the outcome of propitious circumstances but the honest reward of labor, good management, ambition and energy, without which no man can win prosperity. F. C. WERK. F. C. Werk, a successful electrical contractor of this city, whose careful and excellent workmanship has given him a reputation which is second to none in this line of work, was born in Cleveland, March 15, 1866, and is known as one of the most proficient electrical engineers in the city. His father, Theodore Werk, a native of Germany, was born in 1830 and came to America about the year 1856. Being a veterinary surgeon he attained an enviable record here as a practitioner of his profession and followed this vocation until his death, which occurred in 1897. He obtained his education in his native land, having had every advantage by which to perfect himself in his department as his people had considerable means. He was a graduate of Berlin University, where he manifested scholarly abilities, and soon after matriculation evinced himself to be thoroughly equipped for the vocation he had selected as his life's calling. Upon arriving in the new world he came directly to this city and began his practice, following his profession until about ten years before he departed this life, when he lived in retirement. He was ackowledged throughout a wide range of territory as an expert in the treatment of animals and his practice grew to so great proportions that he was scarcely able to answer the calls which came to him. He was united in marriage in this city to Rose Trimpy, also of German nativity. She died in October, 1882. 1090 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In this city F. C. Werk acquired his education and upon completing his studies, being then but fourteen years of age, he was apprenticed to a blacksmith. When he was eighteen years old he had completed his trade and then repaired to Chicago, where he became affiliated with the Edison Electrical Company, with which he remained for two years. At the expiration of that time he associated himself with the Brush Electrical Company, in the capacity of foreman of electrical work, and, being recognized as an expert mechanic, in his hands were placed the highest class work. With this firm he remained for about three years. Still clinging to the same business, he entered the employ of the Thomson-Houston Electrical Company, of Cincinnati, as superintendent of construction work and with this organization he remained for three years. Upon resigning his post in 1890 he returned to this city, where he engaged with C. R. Caulkins, mechanical and electrical engineer, as superintendent of construction work and after the lapse of two years he left his employ and launched out in business for himself. Since entering the industrial world independently, he has been very successful and is employed on important work throughout this and many surrounding states. His financial prosperity is such as to enable him to become affiliated with a number of other undertakings. He is president of the Standard Chemical Stoneware Company, of Canton, Ohio ; the Climax Clay Company, also of Canton; Cleveland Heights Realty Company ; the Euclid Avenue Garden Theater ; and a number of other enterprises. Worthy of mention among the important contracts completed by Mr. Werk are : the Schofield and Rockefeller buildings, the Erie docks, the National Malleable Casting Company of Toledo, Cuyahoga county courthouse, and the Cleveland Hippodrome, in which he planned the entire lighting system which embraces a number of novel devices. On November 14, 1900, Mr. Werk was united in marriage to Miss Ida Mary Grant, a native of this city, and the couple have since been residing here in the enjoyment of a magnificent home and domestic happiness. He is well known among fraternal organizations, being a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and the Knights of Pythias, and also belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and Builders Exchange. Moreover, he is a member of the Cleveland Athletic, the Electric and Engineering Clubs,' the Cleveland Electric Contracting Association, third vice president of the National Contractors Association of the United States and chairman on the Electrical Code for this city. Politically he is a republican, being a strong believer in the principles of his party and always enthusiastic in advocating its policies as adequate to preserve the highest interests of the nation. Mr. Werk is an energetic man, whose industry and enterprise have not only contributed to his own prosperity but also to that of the city in which he carries on his business and he deserves mention among Cleveland's foremost financial factors. JOHN QUINBY RIDDLE. The laws of cause and effect hold in no field more closely than in business life, where progress and prosperity are the incontrovertible proofs of close application, determination and energy. It is true that fortunes have been made where the business policy pursued has not been an honorable one, but the stigma of public disapproval ultimately follows and in the great majority of cases such a course eventually occasions downfall. With a record that will bear close investigation and scrutiny, John Quinby Riddle stands today in the ranks of Cleveland's prominent merchants and financiers, his voice proving a valuable factor in the control of various successful enterprises. The family is of Norman origin, the name being originally Ryedale. The direct ancestor of our subject went to England at the time of the Norman invasion under William the Conqueror, and was granted lands in Roxburyshire, Scotland, a part of which are still owned by the family. The first American ancestor was John Riddle, the grandfather HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1093 of John Q. Riddle, who on crossing the Atlantic in 1797 established his home in Philadelphia, where he was one of the superintendents of the city's first system of waterworks. He married Miss Jane Steele, of English origin, and subsequently removed to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where James S. Riddle, the father of our subject, was born. James Riddle married Matilda Siddons, of Philadelphia, and about 1830 his father and he became residents of Holmes county, Ohio, where the subject of this article was born. They afterward removed to Fulton county, being among the earliest settlers in the northwestern part of the state. James Riddle devoted his life to farming and stock raising in his business relations, while in other ways his activity constituted a valuable element in the public life and progress of the community. The family was prominently connected with the development of this section of Ohio, taking an active part in shaping not only the business and material development but also the political, social and moral interests of the community. John Ouinby Riddle, educated in the district schools of Fulton county, Ohio, and in Oak Grove Academy, afterward engaged in teaching school for two years and then entered the insurance field at Wauseon, Ohio. Subsequently he turned his attention to the hardware business and banking, and became one of the leading citizens there, prominently identified with the progress and upbuilding of the town. Seeking a broader field of labor, he came to Cleveland in 1884 and joined the firm of Lockwood Taylor & Company in the conduct of an extensive wholesale hardware enterprise, which was later incorporated as The Lockwood Taylor Hardware Company. He was elected to the position of vice president in 1889 and has filled that position continuously since. This is one of the largest wholesale hardware houses of the city, widely known to the trade throughout this and other states, its development being attributable to the adoption of business methods which are alike fair to the seller and the purchaser and which conform to the highest standard of commercial ethics. The labors of Mr. Riddle have accomplished important and far reaching results, contributing in no small degree to the expansion and material growth of the enterprise with which he has long been associated. Mr. Riddle also served as assignee of the Baackes Wire Nail Company and was warmly congratulated by Judge Heury C. White, of the probate court, for the able manner in which he handled the affairs of the company, operating the plant for three years and finally closing out the business to the American Steel & Wire Company to the decided advantage of the interested parties, one half million dollars being realized. Judge White wrote as follows : "On reviewing the record of your service in the execution of your trust as assignee in this insolvent etsate, I cannot refrain from addressing you this congratulatory letter. The affairs of the Baackes Wire Nail Company were in such complicated and bad condition as to require at least two conditions to conserve the interest of all concerned. 1st, The vigilant and constant wise care of the trustee in charge, and 2d, The time and patience to be extended by the court and the creditors and others interested to enable the trustee to utilize the plant. Your management in the conducting of the business of the manufacturing establishment was so careful and conservative that the results of operating the business proved to be very advantageous to the estate. It was only by constant, close and careful supervision that the favorable results were achieved. After closing up the business there remained contingent liabilities which justified the somewhat lengthy litigation in the final adjustment of matters in the estate. The result of the execution of your trust is more favorable than in any insolvent estate that has ever been conducted in the probate court of this county. You have satisfied the demands of creditors and have returned to the stockholders a very large portion of the value of their stock. Had the affairs of this corporation fallen into the hands of some attorney or other person unfamiliar with its constitution and purposes, and who would 1094 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND have hastily disposed of the estate and speedily liquidated the whole concern, a great loss and sacrifice would have been made, both to creditors and stockholders. Your services have been invaluable to the interests of all concerned and the amount of compensation which you will receive will not be at all commensurate to the value of the services and the time, labor and responsibility employed in the execution of your trust. You are certainly to be most cordially congratulated for the efficient and successful manner in which this estate has been administered." In addition to his other interests Mr. Riddle was one of the organizers and first directors of the Colonial National Bank, which was afterward merged with the Union National Bank, and he was also one of the directors of the East End Bank, which amalgamated with the Cleveland Trust Company. He is still a director in the Union Savings & Loan Company and director of the Continental Sugar Company. He is also vice president of the Milwaukee Steamship Company, one of its finest vessels and one of the largest of the Great Lakes being the J. Q. Riddle, named in his honor. Mr. Riddle was married to Miss Mary Teeple, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Sayers) Teeple, of Lenawee county, Michigan. Their children are two in number. The daughter, Ida R., was educated at Glendale College and studied languages and music abroad. She married Charles H. Pennington, a son of B. L. Pennington, and they have one son, Gordon Riddle Pennington, who was born in Cleveland in 1891 and is now attending the Case School of Applied Science. Arthur V., who is the secretary and treasurer of the Hardie Manufacturing Company, of Hudson, Michigan, and Portland, Oregon, is a Harvard man and a member of the Harvard Club, of New York. Mr. Riddle is a man of public spirit whose cooperation has proven a valuable factor in various projects for the general good. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and gives his political allegiance to the republican party where national questions are involved, but his local ballot is cast independent of party ties in the interests of a businesslike, honest and progressive administration of municipal affairs. Both he and his wife hold membership in the Euclid Avenue Disciples church and he is serving as president of its board of trustees. Fraternally Mr. Riddle is connected with the higher orders in Masonry, being a member of Oriental Commandery, K. T., and a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. His membership relations in more strictly social lines are with the Colonial and the Cleveland Athletic Clubs and the Row fant Club of which he was one of the earliest members and a Fellow. His leisure hours are pleasurably spent in bowling and driving. Fond of literature, his library contains a fine collection of standard and rare volumes. His success in life may be attributed to his close application and his determination to do well anything that he attempts. Judicious investments has also played an important part in his success and as he has prospered he has made liberal contributions to charity, recognizing and fully meeting his obligations as a citizen, not from any sense of duty but by reason of his sincere and genuine interest in his fellowmen. FRANK BUETTNER. Self-supporting at the age of thirteen years, Frank Buettner became known as one of the leading wholesale butchers of Cleveland, and in matters of citizenship he was the exponent of high ideals opposing, during his service as alderman, all graft or under-handed practices that would not bear close investigation and scrutiny. He was recognized as one of the most upright and honest men that has been connected with the city government and was prominent in public affairs in Cleveland for a considerable period.  HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1095 As the name indicates, Mr. Buettner was a native of Germany, his birth having occurred in Oppenheim, Hesse-Darmstadt, April 30, 1841. His parents, John and Barbara Buettner, lived for many years in Oppenheim where the father was prominent in the public life of the community, serving for a time as street commissioner. Frank Buettner attended the public schools of his native country until eleven years of age, at which time he accompanied his parents on their emigration across the broad Atlantic to America. For a short time the family lived in New York city and during that period the son spent one term as a pupil in the night school. In 1852, the father having died, the family continued on their westward way to Cleveland. Frank Buettner, then thirteen years of age, had saved enough money with which to purchase a horse and wagon. The necessity of providing for his own support confronted him and he assisted his brother-in-law in the manufacture and sale of sausages, whereby he was enabled to support his mother and sister, who were dependent upon him. He continued in the sausage business with George Roesch, his brother-in-law, until 1859, and then went south. When the war broke out in 1861, he returned to Cleveland and here established a wholesale and retail butchering business, which he conducted with continuous and growing success for twenty-two years, or until 1883. He built up an extensive trade and his large annual sales brought to him success that was honorably earned and therefore richly merited. From 1888 until 1894 he was the senior partner of the firm of Buettner & Orley, contractors, and later was associated with the firm of Brennen & Buettner, building and street paving contractors. His business affairs were always capably conducted and his sound judgment and unfaltering enterprise constituted the forceful elements in his success. The political chapter in the life history of Frank Buettner is one that is entirely commendable and worthy of emulation. In 1870 he was elected a member of the city council and served for five years. During his connection therewith he caused the expulsion of two members of the council for accepting bribes. He stood at all times for honesty in public affairs and was opposed to anything like misrule in the municipal life. In 1883 he was elected street commissioner by a large majority that attested his personal popularity and the confidence reposed in him. That he proved capable in office is indicated in the fact that in 1887 he was reelected, continuing to serve until 1891. He was one of the most upright and honest men connected with the affairs of the city and was very prominent for many years in matters relative to municipal interests. On the 16th of January, 1861, Mr. Buettner was married to Miss Caroline Zurlinden, a daughter of Charles and Walburga (Turin) Zurlinden, of Strasburg, Germany. The father was a tailor there and came to America in 1848, at which time he settled in Cleveland where he continued to engage in the tailoring business. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Buettner were born two sons and three daughters: Johnnie, who died at the age of fourteen years ; Clara, the wife of Frank Dillenhoef er ; Carrie, the wife of Benjamin Hungerford; Lillie, the wife of Dr, P. S. Snigel; and Eddie, who died at the age of five years. Mr. Buettner was a Catholic in his religious faith, belonging to St. Joseph's church. He also held membership with the Knight's of St. John, the St. Joseph Benevolent Society, the Knights of Columbus, the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association and other benefit associations. He never wavered in his allegiance to the republican party nor faltered in his support of any cause which he believed to be right. He was a very charitable man and gave freely of his means to the poor and needy, ever extending a helping hand where assistance was worthily sought. He belonged to that class of men who wield a power which is all the more potent from the fact that it is moral rather than political and is exercised for the public weal rather than for personal ends. The death of Mr. Buettner occurred October 9, 1902, and was the cause of deep regret to many who had found in him a benefactor, to his business associates who had found in him a trustworthy colleague, to the city which recognized in him a progressive citizen, and to his family, to whom he was a devoted husband and 1096 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND father. Mrs. Buettner, who yet makes her home in Cleveland, is associated with many Catholic societies. She is a very prominent and well known woman, devoting much of her time to the welfare of the poor and needy and to the advancement of the interests of St. Anthony's Home for Boys, of which she is vice president. She is also associate treasurer and on the board of managers of the Girl's Home and is associated with many Catholic societies, doing good work among the people of that faith. WILLARD J. CRAWFORD. Willard J. Crawford stood prominently forth as one of the leading business men of Cleveland. His breadth of view, however, not only recognized possibilities for his own advancement but for the city's development as well, and his public spirit prompted him to utilize the latter as quickly and as effectively as the former. Few men rivaled him in the extent and importance of his real-estate operations and yet there were other factors equally as pronounced in his life record. He was known to the flower lovers as the possessor of the finest collection of flowering plants in the state. Varied interests, therefore, constituted his a well balanced nature and yet he was preeminently a successful, progressive and enterprising business man. A native of Cleveland, Mr. Crawford was born June20, 1859, a son of Randall and Mary E. (Welch) Crawford. His grandfather, Willard Crawford, was born in Union, Connecticut, February 5, 1796, and died August 28, 1864, at Milan, Ohio. With his brother Benjamin he came to Cuyahoga county in 1815 and here followed the millwright's trade. He possessed superior mechanical genius and was the inventor of many improvements in saw and gristmill construction and operation. He was a forceful and influential character of the early days and to his energy and ability was due much of the prominence attained by Cleveland at an early day as an important manufacturing center. He was the original owner of the tract of land now included in Wade Park, which he sold for five dollars per acre and which his grandson, Willard J. Crawford, bought for improvement and home development purposes for five thousand dollars per acre. The father, Randall Crawford, who was born in this city, February 27, 1827, died June 12, 1879. He was long favorably known throughout Cleveland and this part of the country and belonged to that coterie of men who had much to do with establishing and promoting Cleveland's commercial greatness. He served for twelve years as commissioner of Cuyahoga county and in all public relations his labor was effective because of his earnest investigation into conditions that existed and also into the needs of the city. He was a member of the city council and of the city board of improvements and was one of the foremost factors in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He did not hesitate to support or c00perate in any movement which his judgment sanctioned as of value to Cleveland, and he was the pioneer of the lumber transportation business on the Great Lakes, having fitted out the first boat from this city engaging in lumber trade of the northern forests. For many years he was associated with his father in the millwright business and his qualities of perseverance and determination enabled him to carry forward to successful completion whatever he undertook. When the Civil war was inaugurated he enlisted in the three months' service and went out with the First Ohio Light Artillery, participating in the Virginia campaign, where he received so serious an injury that he was compelled to retire from active service in the field. He afterward became quartermaster, having charge of the local camps and also of the erection of government barracks on the south side. His political allegiance was given to the republican organization and he took a prominent part in the counsels of the party, his opinions car- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1099 rying weight with the local and state leaders. He wedded Miss Mary E. Welch, a daughter of John Welch, whose homestead was on the farm now included in the John D. Rockefeller estate. Mrs. Crawford still survives. In the public schools of Cleveland Willard J. Crawford acquired his early education, attending first the old St. Clair school and later the Rockwell school. He pursued a preparatory course in Hudson, Ohio, and then entered the University of Michigan, from which he was graduated with the class of 1879, the degree of LL.B. being then conferred upon him. Admitted to the bar, he entered upon active practice in the offices of Judges Samuel E. Williamson and J. E. Ingersoll, there remaining for about three years. About this time he became interested in Cleveland real estate and from that time until his demise devoted his attention largely to the handling and development of property, erecting over five thousand homes in Cleveland during that period. In 1882 he became one of the organizers of the firm of Herrick, Parmelee & Crawford, his associates being ex-Governor Myron T. Herrick and James Parmelee. He continued in that connection up to the time of his death. He probably had more to do than any one man with the development of the splendid east end district. He opened the Crawford road allotment and later purchased the historic Glenville race-track property, which he was converting into a modern residential district. Not long before his death he organized the Crawford Realty Company and admitted his sons, Randall and Willard J., Jr., to a partnership. With Myron T. Herrick, James Parmelee and J. B. Perkins, he was interested in the Cuyahoga Valley Realty Company, which owns five hundred acres of undeveloped land on the river, where it is purposed to widen the stream. He was a man of immense energy and dynamic force. He not only kept pace with the trend of progress in recent years but was a leader in building operations and his work largely set the standard for advancement in that line. Moreover, Mr. Crawford took an active and helpful interest in the work of general progress. He was a member of and was one of the leaders in the reorganization of the Chamber of Commerce and cooperated in all of its evolutionary activities resulting in the building of Cleveland along modern lines, Appreciative of social amenities he held membership in the Union and Roadside Clubs and was the founder of the Western Reserve Club. In politics he was a republican but never sought nor held office. However, he took an active interest in political affairs because of his belief in the principles of the party and was prominent in the campaigns of Presidents Garfield and McKinley. He was Governor Herrick's advisor for appointments in northern Ohio, was a member of the Tippecanoe Club and fostered the League of Republican Clubs. He also labored untiringly in behalf of the republican party in municipal affairs, not because of any desire to advance his own interests but because he believed that the democratic policy and principles were utterly wrong. One who knew him well said : "An ardent partisan, he raised up many strong enemies as well as created many stanch friends. He was one of the fast disappearing number who honestly believed that no good can come out of the democratic party. He was especially strong in his opposition to mom L. Johnson because he believed that Johnson's methods were inimical to the public welfare. It was this opposition which led him several years ago to take an active interest in the creation of a county board of review in order to prevent the democratic leader from gaining control of the tax machinery. This awakened the opposition of the Johnson faction who made charges and insinuations that his activity in tax matters was due to a desire to secure financial benefits for himself. Never the less it is an absolute truth, easily established by the records, that Mr. Crawford did not and could not profit so much as a single dollar by any action of the board of review which he was popularly supposed to have created. Contrary to the general belief, he was not the owner of a single share of stock in any public service corporation in Cleveland. His wealth was invested in real estate and he had no financial interests which would be passed upon by the board of review. 1100 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND It was one of the peculiarities of his temperament that he never publicly resented these charges which he could so easily have proved false. An ardent and untiring fighter in behalf of a cause or of his friends, he would not lift a hand in his own defense. He believed that he had done right, that he had performed a patriotic service and he was content with the approval of his own conscience." Mr. Crawford was married January 4, 1882, to Miss Bessie Taylor, a daughter of Alfred W. Taylor, who was a son of Elisha Taylor, one of Cleveland's earliest merchants and most prosperous citizens. Their children are two in number : Randall attended the Michigan University for two years as a member of the class of 1907 and then became associated in business with his father. He married Miss Florence Nadolleck, of Detroit, and they have one son, Willard Randall, born July 27, 1908. Willard J., Jr., was graduated from Cornell University with the class of 1907 and was also associated with his father. The family residence is at No. 2148 East Forty-sixth street and the country home is at Chagrin Falls, where Mr. Crawford had a splendid estate of fifty acres, stocked with fine horses, cattle and poultry, in which he felt a genuine and deep-rooted interest. A lover of the beautiful, he had the finest private collection of flowers in Ohio. He found recreation in driving and fishing and it was also a matter of genuine pleasure to him that his own success enabled him to assist others but while his charities were extensive they were all of a private nature for, modestly inclined, he avoided notoriety or ostentation in connection therewith. The simplicity and beauty of his daily life was seen in his home and family relations constituted an even balance to his splendid business ability, resulting in the establishment of one of the largest real-estate enterprises of this city. ROY E. CURTIS. Roy E. Curtis who has risen to his present position of responsibility through individual effort and natural ability, is assistant manager of The J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company, a position he has occupied for the past five years. He was born in Niles, Ohio, August 6, 1880, a son of Charles H. and Alice J. Curtis. The maternal grandfather, Alonzo Willey, was born in Vermont and there learned the blacksmithing trade. In 1901 he came to Cleveland, but later moved to Bristoville, where his death occurred in 1908. Charles H. Curtis was born at Bristoville, Ohio, but went to Niles, this state, where he formed the Curtis Steel Roofing Company, later moving the entire plant at Zanesville, where he organized the Muskingum Valley Sheet & Steel Company, of which he was president and manager. After coming to Cleveland, he associated himself with The J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company, as its vice president, continuing thus until his death in August, 1902. He was a born organizer, developer and producer and everything he undertook, he completed successfully. Roy E. Curtis attended the public schools until he was eighteen, when he pursued a year's course at Mount Union College at Mount Union. Following this he went to the Ohio State University for two years, and afterward spent a year in the Case School of Applied Science. Having thus thoroughly prepared himself for business life, Mr. Curtis engaged with the Wellman, Sever & Morgan Company, as receiving clerk, but at the expiration of three months was made assistant general manager of The J. M. & L. A. Osborn Company. He is also president and general manager of the Merwin Manufacturing Company, and brings to bear in the conduct of his affairs a carefully trained mind and acutely developed faculties, as well as an excellent knowledge of conditions relative to his business. In addition to other interests he is also a director of the Shaw Mantel & Tile Company. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1101 On March 7, 1907, Mr. Curtis v as married in Cleveland to Miss Ethel C. Andrews, and they have one child : Lois Kathryn. The pleasant family residence is located at No. 7210 Linwood avenue. Mrs. Curtis is a daughter of Charles G. and Anna (Simpson) Andrews. Her father is a well known railway man of this city, being connected with the Pennsylvania lines. Mr. Curtis is a republican and is much interested in the success of the party although he has never aspired to public office, his time being largely engaged with his business. A thirty-second degree Mason, Mr. Curtis is interested in the affairs of his lodge and is a member of the Alpha Tau Omega fraternity. Some years ago he joined the Methodist church, and is one of its earnest supporters. A capable, steadfast business man, devoted to his family, prominent in his church, fond of all manly out-door sports, Mr. Curtis is a fine type of the intelligent, cultivated progressive citizen of today, in which Cleveland abounds. FRANK BERNARD ALEXANDER. The business record of Frank Bernard Alexander constitutes an integral chapter in the commercial history of Cleveland and also of other sections of the country. His name is a familiar one in many cities, for he is the president of the Alexander Optical Company, owning fifty stores in various sections of the United States. The main offices are at No. 907 Euclid avenue, where he has been located since 1905. A son of Louis and Satie Alexander, he was born in Boston, Massachusetts, July 11, 1876, and pursued his education in the excellent public schools of that city to the age of thirteen years, when, ambitious to provide for his own support, he began canvassing for magazines and other publications. He displayed notable energy and ability for one of his years and his ambition prompted his careful expenditure until he had saved a sufficient sum to engage in business on his own account. He was still very young when he established an optical store at Newark, New Jersey, having acquainted himself with the science under the direction of his father, who was a well known oculist. The new venture was not long in securing a profitable trade and as the business increased he opened up many branch houses in different parts of the country until the Alexander Optical Company now owns and controls fifty stores located in many parts of the leading cities of the United States. Newark, New Jersey, was one of the first branches, and Mr. Alexander, because of the substantial growth of the business here and the excellent location of the city as a trade center, resolved to make Cleveland his home. From a small beginning the business has developed along substantial lines until now one thousand people are employed in his stores and in the factories at New York city and Cleveland. His knowledge of the scientific principles underlying the work and the excellent service rendered by his representatives under his direction have made the output of the Alexander Optical Company a standard to the trade. As his business increased he saw the necessity and value of establishing factories that the goods handled in the stores might be received when demanded and that it might be of the quality desired. Factories were then opened and are now operating with large forces. The gigantic enterprise that has been built up is due to the marked energy and executive ability of Mr. Alexander, who has constantly broadened the angle of his activities and has brought to play a strong initiative spirit in founding and developing the different mercantile and industrial enterprises that are now conducted under his name. He is also heavily interested in the jewelry business, having made extensive investment in that line. On the 10th of September, 1902, Mr. Alexander was married to Miss Carrie Simon, a daughter of Isaac Simon, one of New York city's wealthiest merchants, and they have one child, Selma. Mr. Alexander belongs to Acacia 1102 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Lodge, No. 327, F. & A. M., of New York. He is independent politically but not unmindful of the duties of citizenship. On the contrary he is greatly interested in Cleveland and its welfare and has been a cooperant factor in many projects which have been of inestimable value in the city's growth and development. Such in brief is the history of Frank Bernard Alexander. Who would have thought when he started out in the business world at the age of thirteen that he was to become the founder of one of the leading optical enterprises of the entire country, for he was a boy with no pretensions to fame or fortune. On the contrary, he was practically unknown outside of the community in which he lived and his financial resources were limited. However, he manifested intelligent appreciation of opportunity and utilizing the advantages at hand he has built up a business of mammoth proportions, the splendid growth and development of which is an indication of his ability, enterprise and strong purpose, while his record is one which reflects credit upon the city of his adoption. J. J. CARROLL. J. J. Carroll, superintendent of the National Malleable Casting Company and thus prominently identified with the iron industry, which constitutes one of the chief sources of Cleveland's growth and prosperity, was born July 24, 1861. His birth occurred m Rutland, Vermont, and his youth was spent in the Green Mountain state to the age of nine years, when his parents, Patrick and Alice (Merrick) Carroll, came to Cleveland. They were born in Ireland and came to America in 1860. The father is now foreman of the company with which our subject is connected. After coming to Cleveland, J. J. Carroll resumed his education, which had been begun in the schools of his native city, and enjoyed the opportunities for intellectual training until thirteen years of age, when, deciding to give his time to the task of providing for his own support, he entered upon an apprenticeship as core maker with the National Malleable Casting Company. He next entered the employ of the Gordon Lamp Company, where he continued for three months, on the expiration of which period he returned to the National Malleable Casting Company, entering the molding department. There he continued until 1884, in which year he became pitcher on the Pittsburg baseball team. The season was spent as a professional representative of our national game and afterward he entered the employ of the Eberhard Manufacturing Company as pattern maker, filling the position for a year. Once more returning to the National Malleable Casting Company, he acted as molder for a year and then with the Eberhard Manufacturing Company took charge of the cupola department and to that work gave his attention for a year and a half. A year was also spent with the Standard Foundry Company and in 1892 he was offered and accepted the position of assistant superintendent of the National Malleable Casting Company. Ten years ago he was promoted to the superintendency and is now in charge of the actual work of the plant, his long and varied experience in mechanical lines splendidly qualifying him for the onerous duties that devolve upon him. Knowing the value of the work, his services are of recognized value to the company. The marriage of J. J. Carroll occurred November 13, 1890, on which day Miss Eugenie Bruggeman, a daughter of John B. Bruggeman, became his wife. Her father at one time was a member of the city council from the fifteenth ward. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Carroll have been born three children: J. Eugene, who is attending the technical high school; Charles A., a pupil in St. Agnes school; and Edward B. Mr. Carroll is a democrat in his political views and a Catholic in religious faith, being a member of St. Edward's church. He belongs to the Benevolent HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1105 and Protective Order of Elks ; the Royal Arcanum ; the Cleveland Athletic Club; and the Quinnebog Fishing Club. He finds his recreation principally in motoring and fishing and is very fond of outdoor sports, particularly of baseball. His vacation periods are spent in fishing, but the most of the year is devoted to the responsible duties that devolve upon him as superintendent of the National Malleable Casting Company, the large plant of which constitutes one of the chief productive industries of the city. From the age of thirteen he has been providing for his own support and the diligent spirit that he has displayed constitutes the source of his gradual advancement. ARTHUR E. MERKEL. Thorough education and practical experience along mechanical lines and comprehensive knowledge of the law bearing upon patents constitute Arthur E. Merkel one of the most capable and successful patent attorneys of Cleveland, his native city. He is a son of Louis J. and August (Guebhard) Merkel, the former of German descent and the latter of French lineage. In 1840 the maternal grandfather, Louis Guebhard, sailed from France to New York city, where he engaged in general merchandising until 1856, when he removed to Cleveland, where he continued in the same line of business. The paternal grandfather migrated from Germany to the United States in 1848 and settled in Watertown, Wisconsin, where he remained until his death. Louis J. Merkel, the father of Arthur E. Merkel, is a resident of New York city, and has long been identified with the manufacture of malt, having formerly been the vice president of the Kraus-Merkel Malting Company, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin, and now being with the American Malting Company, of New Jersey. In the public schools of Cleveland Arthur E. Merkel began his education which he continued in the public schools in Watertown, Wisconsin. He afterward pursued a course in mechanical engineering in the Stevens Institute of Technology at Hoboken, New Jersey, the M. E. degree having been conferred upon him in 1893. He was afterward employed by the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway Company and in other shops, in which he gained broad practical experience. While associated with the Fairfield Copper Company he had charge of their chemical laboratory. In this field of labor he made consecutive progress but at all times was watchful of opportunities that would promote his advancement and, believing that a knowledge of the law would be of great advantage, he took up a course of reading, which was directed by several well known attorneys. He finally entered the office of Jesse B. Fay, one of the foremost patent lawyers of Cleveland, with whom he remained for eleven years. During this time he gained not only thorough knowledge concerning this branch of the profession, but also had the practical experience of the office in the preparation of patent cases. In 1907 he opened an office for private practice and has gained an enviable reputation as a patent solicitor and expert on patent causes. His counsel and legal advice have been sought by some of the most prominent inventors of the country, and he has been connected with much important litigation of this character. Mr. Merkel has also extended his efforts to commercial fields and is now secretary and treasurer of the Beatty Stamping Company, and secretary of the Cleveland Mausoleum Company, which is promoting an innovation in burials and promises to develop into a business of immense proportions, revolutionizing the present system of disposing of the dead. In 1906 Mr. Merkel was united in marriage to Mrs. 'Anna Lee Morrill, a daughter of Captain J. W. Lee, who was a captain of the Third Maryland Regiment and served throughout the Civil war. He has since been in the adjutant 1106 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND general's department at Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Merkel have two children, Lee and Arthur Jordan, and reside on Wymore avenue in East Cleveland. Both Mr. and Mrs. Merkel hold membership in the Episcopal church, and he has various other membership relations, being a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the University and Hermit Clubs, the Russell E. Burdick Camp of United Spanish War Veterans, the Cleveland Council of Sociology, two college fraternities, the Beta Theta Pi and the Theta Nu Epsilon, and a member of Woodward Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and McKinley Chapter, R. A, M. These associations indicate much of the character and variety of his interests. During the Spanish-American war he served as a member of Troop A, First Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, and subsequently for seven years was a member of Troop A, of the Ohio National Guard. He is now quartermaster of Russell E. Burdick Camp, U. S. W. V. He calls himself a Roosevelt democrat, in that he endorses many of the principles which were advocated by the recently retired president. He is very fond of outdoor sport, including horseback riding, tennis, golf and swimming, and thus seeks relaxation from his professional and business cares. He regards his professional duties, however, as his first interest, and with deep and comprehensive knowledge of patent law, he gives to his profession the results of years of patient, faithful endeavor and careful study. WARREN BICKNELL. Warren Bicknell is president of the Cleveland Construction Company, one of the most extensive concerns of the kind in the state, which executes contracts throughout the entire country. He is descended from an English family which came to this country in 1635, and was born in Morrisville, New York, February 19, 1868. His father, Charles T. Bicknell, a native of the Empire state, born in 1836, was formerly a merchant and manufacturer of paper goods but withdrew from active life and came to this city in 1885, where he now resides. His wife, Susan (Payne) Bicknell, was also a native of New, York state, where they were united in marriage in 1857. She died in 1871. In the public schools of his native town and also of Massillon, Ohio, to which city his family removed in 1878, Warren Bicknell acquired his preliminary education, subsequently completing a course of study in Adelbert College, this city, from which he was graduated in 1890. He then entered the law office of Boynton, Hale & Horr, with whom he studied for a while in lieu of entering the legal profession but before completing his course he gave up the idea of becoming an attorney and was engaged as secretary of the Cleveland Athletic Club for about a year and a half. Later he spent one year in the coal business at Newcastle, Pennsylvania, and upon disposing of his interests he became auditor of the Cincinnati & Miami Valley Traction Company and general manager of the Dayton Traction Company, which two companies were subsequently consolidated into the Southern Ohio Traction Company and of the new organization Mr. Bicknell was made secretary and auditor. He located at Middletown, Ohio, but after two years' service in this responsible capacity, he resigned his post to accept the position of general manager of the Aurora, Elgin & Chicago Railroad Company, with offices in Chicago, Illinois. Resigning that position after performing its duties for about two years, he came to this city, where he was president of the Lake Shore Electric Railway Company from 1903 to 1906 when, upon his resignation, he became president of the Cleveland Construction Company, in which office he is serving at present. The company is one of the largest of its kind in this part of the state and engages in building electric and steam railroads, erecting light and waterplants and constructing telephone lines throughout various portions of the country. Among the contracts which have thus far been executed are : the Northern HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1107 Ohio Traction & Light Company ; the Cleveland Southwestern ; Columbus Lake Shore Electric Company ; the South Ohio Company ; the Aurora, Elgin & Chicago; the Rockford, Beloit & Janesville; the Richmond & Petersburg; New York & Long Island Traction Company ; Kokomo & Marion Western ; Western Ohio ; Youngstown & Ohio River Company ; Chicago & Lake Shore; South Bend; and a number of other electric lines. Mr. Bicknell's relations have been such as to enable him to become associated in many ways with the financial world and he is president of the Springfield & Xenia Railroad Company ; the Citizen's Railroad & Light Company, of Fort Worth, Texas, the Havana Electric Railroad Company, of Cuba ; and was also chairman of the board of directors of the Toledo Railroad & Light Company, and receiver of the Municipal Traction Company, of this city. Moreover his business associations also include two insurance companies, of both of which he is president, and his business has chiefly been in relation to the employes of railroad and light companies. Mr. Bicknell in February, 1900, was united in marriage to Anne Guthrie, a native of St. Paul, Minnesota, and the couple have three children : Frances Louise, born in November, 1900; Warren, Jr., whose birth occurred in 1902; and Elizabeth, born in February, 1904. Mr. Bicknell is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Society in the affairs of which he is a leading factor. He also belongs to the Union Club, Hermit Club, Country Club and Mayfield Country Club. Being a man of many interests which have enabled him to contribute much toward the financial worth of the city, he deserves the reputation he enjoys as a representative and substantial citizen. FREDERICK METCALF. Frederick Metcalf, in control of the financial interests of the Chase Machine Company, which he has represented as treasurer since coming to Cleveland in 1898, was born in Providence, Rhode Island, January 31, 1866. He is a descendant in the ninth generation of Michael Metcalf, the American ancestor of this branch of the family. Michael Metcalf was born in Tatterford, in the county of Norfolk, England, in 1586, and by occupation was a dornock weaver. Because of religious persecution in his native land he came to New England in 1637 and settled at Dedham, Massachusetts, where he joined the church in 1639. From Michael Metcalf the line of descent is traced down through Michael II, Jonathan, Nathaniel, Nathaniel II, Joel, Joseph, Gay and Alfred Metcalf to the subject of this review. Joel Metcalf located at Providence, Rhode Island, in 1780 and there carried on an extensive business as a tanner and currier. He was a Jeffersonian democrat and at one time acted as judge of the court of common pleas for Providence county. One of his daughters is conceded by all to have been the first straw braider in the United States. The family have continuously resided in Rhode Island since Joel Metcalf removed to that state and representatives of the name are numbered among the leading, most influential and useful citizens, prominent in financial, manufacturing, religious, political and social circles, Alfred Metcalf, the father of Fredeick Metcalf, was born in Providence in 1828 and died in 1904. He was by profession a civil engineer and as a young man removed to Ohio, where he engaged in railway construction. Returning to Providence he became a successful manufacturer of woolen goods in his native city and as a man and citizen was among the most substantial and useful residents there. He served for a number of years in both branches of the city government and was a devout member of the First church (Unitarian) for many years. He acted as a member of the city council many years and was for twenty-two years a member of the school committee. In 186o he married Miss Rosa C. Maloy, of Newport, Rhode Island, who still resides in Providence. She was the adopted daughter of George C. Mason, whose sister was the wife of Commodore Oliver 1108 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Hazard Perry. The grandmother of Mrs. Metcalf was Peggy Champlin, one of the famous belles of Revolutionary times and one of the leaders of the notable ball given in honor of General George Washington at Newport. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Metcalf were born three children : Ralph, a graduate of the University of Michigan and now a successful business man of Portland, Oregon; Frederick, of this review ; and Guy, who was graduated from Harvard and the law department of the University of Michigan and is now an attorney at Providence. His wife was formerly Clare Louise Burt, of Cleveland. Frederick Metcalf attended the public school of Providence and afterward the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, from which he was graduated with the class of 189o, the degree of Mechanical Engineer being conferred upon him. After his college days were over he was employed for some years in the woolen mills in which his father was interested and also in the manufacture of turbine water power equipment. He served for six years as superintendent of the American Ship Windlass Company and in 1898 came to Cleveland to take charge of the financial interests of the Chase Machine Company as treasurer. This company was established in 1888 for the manufacture of vessel auxiliaries, Cleveland being chosen for its location on account of its dominating position in the shipping industries. They have brought out a number of useful inventions, chiefly appliances for the safe and convenient handling of wire hawsers on shipboard. Their mooring and towing machines and steam windlasses and capstans are built in considerable numbers and find a market in all parts of the world. Mr. Metcalf married Miss Alice D. Butts, a daughter of Francis B. and Helen F. (Battey) Butts, of Providence, Rhode Island. The ancestry of this family as well as that of Mr. Metcalf, is traced back to the Mayflower colonists and the family has long been prominent in Rhode Island. Mr. and Mrs. Metcalf attend the Unitarian church, in the faith of which he was reared, his father serving for many years as director of the American Unitarian Association. He votes independently at local elections and otherwise gives his allegiance to the republican party. He is a member of the Euclid Club and is identified with the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He also belongs to the Engineers and University Clubs and to the American Society of Naval and Marine Engineers, his present business connections admitting him to membership in these organizations. WILLIAM MACKALL HAGER, Among the prominent real-estate men of Cleveland is numbered William Mackall Hager, the vice president and secretary of The Van De Boe-Hager Company. Since an early epoch in his business career he has concentrated his energies upon real-estate dealing, and long and varied experiences have splendidly equipped him for conducting a business as important and extensive as is now accorded him. He was born at Barnesville, Ohio, October 31, 1861. His father, Benjamin J. Hager. was also a native of this state, and a son of Kelion Hager, who was born in Green county. near Waynesburg, Pennsylvania, but became one of the pioneer residents of Barnesville and an extensive wool-grower, dry-goods merchant and dealer in leaf tobacco at that place. Subsequently he extended his activities to include the manufacture of lamp oil, and his manifold industrial and commercial interests, being well managed, brought him gratifying success, placing him with the men of affluence in the community. He was a man of very strong character and was recognized as one of the leaders in his locality in public matters, as well as in business circles. His son, Benjamin J. Hager, was for many years engaged in the commission business, until he retired about twenty years ago. He is still living at the advanced age of eighty- two years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Harriett Mackall, is a HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1111 native of Barnesville, Ohio, and is now seventy-nine years of age. Her father was Colonel Benjamin H. Mackall, of Barnesville. The Mackalls are of Scottish descent and the family of that name in this country settled in Calvert county, Maryland, in 1745, at what was known as the Cliffs. Benjamin Hance Mackall, one of the first settlers of Barnesville and father of Colonel Mackall, was a member of the Maryland legislature, and a deputy United States marshal. In 1817 Benjamin Hance Mackall disposed of his property in Maryland, and with his family, consisting of his wife, Mary Bond, and five children, including Benjamin H. Mackall, took up their journey to Ohio. The journey across the country in covered wagons took twenty days. The family settled on a farm about three miles northwest of Barnesville. They remained here about eleven years, when they removed to Barnesville, Ohio, and Benjamin H. Mackall engaged in mercantile business. He was postmaster in 1830 and held this office until his death in 1835, at the age of sixty-five years. The mother died on the 13th day of July, 1871, aged ninety-three years. Colonel Benjamin H. Mackall, the eldest son, was born in Calvert county, Maryland, January 6, 1801, before Ohio was a state, and before even the boundaries of Belmont county were made. He went to Barnesville with his parents in 1817, and the first ten years he devoted to farming. In 1823 he was married to Miss Mary Pearce, of Ohio county, Virginia. To them ten children were born, one of whom, Harriett Mackall, is now Mrs. Benjamin J. Hager and mother of William Mackall Hager. In 1828 Colonel Mackall engaged in the mercantile business in Barnesville, and continued until 1851. During his life he held many offices of trust and honor and was for more than twenty years postmaster of Barnesville. He was mayor of the city from 1836 to 1855 and in 1845 he was elected to the state senate for two years. He was lieutenant colonel of the Second Ohio Regiment during the Civil war. He was made a Mason in 1823 and was secretary of his lodge for sixty-four years. He died January 31, 1891, aged ninety years. William Mackall Hager was the second child and only son in a family of four children, all of whom are yet living. He spent the first sixteen years of his life in the place of his nativity, and the public schools afforded him his educational privileges. His father, desirous that he should become a physician, began to educate him for that calling, but the boy found this distasteful to him and he left home, going to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he was employed in a dry-goods store until twenty years of age. At that time he took up the real- estate brokerage business on his own account in Pittsburg, where he remained for several years and then went to Florida, for his health had been undermined by his strenuous labor. He was successful in real-estate lines, so much so that he conducted three different offices a part of the time, and gave his attention so unremittingly to his business cares that his health became seriously impaired. After spending two years in the sunny clime of Florida in rest and recuperation, Mr. Hager located in Buffalo, New York, in 1892, and became manager of the Buffalo and Rochester branches of the H. J. Heinz Company of Pittsburg, having previously handled all of M. Hienz's property while in the last named city. He continued in that position until the fall of 1895, when he formed a partnership with Joseph S. Van De Boe, and they came to Cleveland, where they established their present business, which they are now conducting under the firm style of The Van De Boe-Hager Company, with Mr. Hager as vice president and secretary. During the fourteen years in which they have operated here they have laid out thirteen subdivisions in Cleveland, and also established a branch in Columbus, Ohio, in 1897, there laying out five subdivisions. They have enjoyed the patronage of more than eight thousand clients, and have confined their business to purchasing and subdividing property exclusively. In 1905 they also organized the firm of Van de Boe, Hager & 1112 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Company, which is devoted to all kinds of insurance except life. Their clients in the real-estate field demanded their embarkment in insurance lines, and in this they have been equally successful. On the 20th of December, 1893, Mr. Hager was married in Chicago to Miss Helen G. Green, a daughter of Nathan Green, of 3137 Michigan avenue, that city. Her death occurred in Pasadena, California, November 6, 1908. On the 3d of December, 1909, he married Miss Adaline L. Johnson, of Cleveland, daughter of Major C. W. Johnson. Mr. Hager is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, being thus allied with the representative men of Cleveland in promoting the business development of and in enhancing the substantial interests of this city. He also belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club, is a director in the Ohio State Automobile Association, chairman of the Good Roads Board of The Ohio State Association, president of the Ohio Good Roads Federation, and an active member in the Cleveland Automobile Club—associations which indicate much of the nature of his recreation, He is also fond of hunting and fishing, in which he indulges quite often. Fraternally he is a Mason, having taken the degrees of the Commandery, the Consistory and of the Mystic Shrine. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, in the success of which he is greatly interested, and,-while without aspiration for office himself, he uses his aid and influence to further the advance of party principles. EDWIN W. DOAN. Edwin W. Doan, deceased, who for many years played an important part in the commercial life of Cleveland was born in his father's old hotel here, May 30, 1833, a son of Job and Harriet (Woodruff) Doan and grandson of Nathaniel Doan, who came to Cleveland in 1799 from Hadden, Connecticut, with Moses Cleveland. They first made the trip in 1796 to select a site on the Western Reserve, which had been purchased by a large land company of Connecticut. Without doubt the Doans were the oldest settlers of the city whose descendants still live here. The family has always been very prominent in Cleveland and much is recorded of them in the general history in this work. Nathaniel Doan owned and conducted the first blacksmith shop in the city and assisted in laying out Cleveland and naming the streets. His wife came to the city overland from New Jersey by ox-team in 1814. Job Doan was a farmer and operated a sawmill on the present site of beautiful Wade Park. He also dealt largely in cattle and owned the first hotel built in east Cleveland, which is still standing. He became very prominent both in business and political circles and served for one year in the state assembly, so that when he died in September, 1834, the city lost one of its representative men. Edwin W. Doan was educated in the little stone school house in east Cleveland, where he pursued his studies until fifteen years of age, after which he went to Austinburg, Ohio, to attend the school for four years, it being a manual training school for boys. Following this he spent two years in Illinois. Returning home, he lived a short time in Cleveland, and then went back to Illinois, where he spent seven years. When the Civil war broke out, he enlisted in Company D, Seventeenth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, serving until September, 1862. His term of service expiring, he came home and enlisted in Battery D, First Ohio Light Artillery, being mustered out July 5, 1865. After this, Mr. Doan went to Corry, Pennsylvania, to engage in the oil business, remaining about two years, when once more he returned to Cleveland, to continue the oil business with a brother for eight or ten years. At the expiration of that time he retired from active labors. He died in this city on the 20th of September, 1909. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1113 On July 14, 1879, Mr. Doan married Carrie Bradley, a daughter of John and Laura Sophia (Woodruff) Bradley, farming people of Sumners, Connecticut. They had an adopted daughter, Mrs. Clara E. Hudson. Mr. Doan was a republican but never desired public office. He belonged to the Euclid Avenue Methodist church, although his people were Congregationalists, and what is now the Congregational church of Cleveland was started in his mother's kitchen, where the first meeting was held and the membership formed. He belonged to the Forest City Post, G. A. R., and to the Old Settlers Association. Secure in the consciousness of having done his full duty both as private citizen and soldier, Mr. Doan enjoyed the serenity that closed his useful and well spent life, surrounded by love of friends and family and the respect of the community in which he and his have done so much. FRANK ADGATE QUAIL. Frank Adgate Quail, a member of the Cleveland bar since 1889, now practicing as an attorney in the firm of Henderson, Quail & Siddall, was born in Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, June 18, 1865. There in the public schools he acquired his preliminary education and subsequently was graduated from Washburn College at Topeka, Kansas, with the class of 1887, receiving the Bachelor of Arts degree. In preparation for the profession of law, he entered the University of Michigan and completed his course in 1889 with the Bachelor of Law degree. The same year he was admitted to the bar and at once entered upon active practice in Cleveland. During the twenty years of his connection with the profession here he has made substantial progress. In January, 1895, he entered into a partnership with J. M. Henderson under the firm style of Henderson & Quail, and in 1904 G. B. Siddall was admitted to the firm. In 1902 he was nominated for judge of the circuit court but was defeated. He has always engaged in general practice. From an early period in his professional career his practice has been extensive and important and as a lawyer he is sound, clear-minded and well trained. He is also a director in a number of corporations doing business in Ohio. Mr. Quail gives his political allegiance to the democracy and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. Appreciative of social amenities, he holds membership in the Union, Euclid, University and Colonial Clubs. LAWRENCE E. YAGGI. Since his college days when he was the leader in athletics, Lawrence E. Yaggi has always been recognized as an influential factor in the different circles in which he has moved. He is now practicing law in Cleveland as a member of the firm of Leet & Yaggi, and with strong purpose and unabating energy is making steady progress toward the front rank of the legal fraternity here. One of Ohio's native sons, he was born in Columbiana county, March 14, 1879. The family is of German lineage and was founded in America by Jacob Yaggi, the grandfather, who was born in Germany and for many years was connected with the Swiss guards at the Vatican in Rome. His son, Christian Yaggi, was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, in 1843, and died March 14, 1896. His wife, Mrs. Lucinda (Hoffman) Yaggi, was also a native of the same county. After attending the country schools Lawrence E. Yaggi continued his study in Mount Union College for four years, and his broad literary training served as an excellent foundation for his professional knowledge when he entered upon the study of law in the Western Reserve University. He was graduated in 1905 with the L.L. B. degree and began practicing alone but formed his present part- 1114 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND nership in 1906, becoming junior member of the firm of Leet & Yaggi. He has largely confined his attention to damage suits and corporation law and is well versed in both departments. His practice, too, is constantly growing, indicating increasing confidence in his ability on the part of his fellow citizens and he has been sent to Europe on a number of cases. Mr. Yaggi has always been interested in manly outdoor sports and athletics. He made a splendid record in college on the football, basketball and track teams. He won all contests which he entered and was regarded as the best athlete in the Mount Union College. He played half-back on the football team, was captain of the track team and played center on the basketball team which held the intercollegiate championship for two years. He also became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternity. His political support is given to the democracy and his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Windermere Methodist Episcopal church. He was married August 20, 1908, to Miss Anna L. Jones, a daughter of William and Laura (Webb) Jones. In the five years of his residence in Cleveland he has won many friends and has made substantial progress in the profession he has chosen as his life work. WILLIAM HERRON. William Herron, who spent the last three years of his life in honorable retirement, was a self-made man who worked diligently and perseveringly for the success which he enjoyed. He was born August 1, 1831, in the north of Ireland, his parents being John and Elizabeth (McKee) Herron. The father was a farmer on the green isle of Erin and died when his son William was but six years old. The lad pursued his education in the schools of his native country until he reached the age of fourteen years. He remained in Ireland until a youth of seventeen, when he crossed the Atlantic, attracted by the broader opportunities which he believed were offered in the United States. Landing at New York in 1848, he made his way at once to Pittsburg, where he remained for three years, during which time he learned the painter's trade. He soon became an expert workman in that line, and, thinking Cleveland offered a better field, he made his way to this city. His employer was loath to have him go and therefore refused to pay him his back wages, but undeterred by this difficulty he left Pittsburg without the money which was his due and arrived in Cleveland in 1851 with a cash capital of but a dollar and a quarter. Diligent and determined, he immediately sought employment, which he secured through a Mr. Willard, for whom he worked many years, his long retention in that service being unmistakable proof of his ability and trustworthiness. Later he entered into a painting and hardwood finishing business on his own account, opening an establishment in the basement of the old Williamson building, while later, as his patronage increased, he sought more commodious quarters on Bond street. There he continued in business until about three years prior to his death, when he retired, spending his remaining days in the enjoyment of a well earned rest. The interests of his life were those which had to do with the political situation of the country, the moral )progress and the social life of the community in which he dwelt. He gave his support to the men and measures of the democracy until William J. Bryan became the standard bearer of the party, when he allied his interests with the republican party. He had many chances for political preferment but always refused, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his business affairs. He attended the Methodist church and was interested in all projects for the moral, intellectual and material benefit of the community. His home life presented many attractive features. He was married October 14, 1859, to Miss Jane Young, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Campbell) Young, who came from Scotland to Cleveland in 1845. The father was a wealthy man, bringing with him from HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1117 the old country a handsome competency, so that he lived retired in this city. He maintained his residence on the west side, occupying a house which stood on the present site of the old Market House on West Twenty-fifth street. His daughter, Mrs. Herron, came with her parents to Cleveland and has lived in this city for sixty-four years, during which time many remarkable changes have occurred. By her marriage she became the mother of four daughters : Elizabeth, now the widow of Robert Goulder ; Ann and Margaret, at home ; and Helen, the wife of E. B. Woodruff. The death of Mr. Herron occurred October 4, 1903. He had passed the seventy-second milestone on life's journey and in his active life had demonstrated the effectiveness of unflagging industry and perseverance as features in the attainment of success. Honorable in all his dealings, he sought his prosperity along the legitimate lines of trade and commerce and won not only a comfortable competence but also the respect, admiration and good will of those with whom he was brought in contact. IRA ADAMS. Among the prominent electrical contractors of the city is Ira Adams, who occupies a high place in its financial and industrial affairs, his present standing having been acquired by his untiring energy, perseverance and excellent business ability, and he justly deserves mention among those upon whom rest the financial and industrial worth of the city. He was born here July 13, 1864, a son of Ira and Isabel (Carey) Adams. His father was a native of this state, born October 18, 1813, and his mother also, her birth having occurred April 8, 1818. Their families were pioneers to this part of the country. The elder Mr. Adams was a wholesale boot and shoe dealer, who attained an enviable reputation as a merchant and handler of this class of goods, having been one of the oldest in the city. His business was so prosperous as to enable him to accumulate considerable wealth. After a useful and beneficial career, he passed away July 27, 1903, while his wife, who survived him by four years, died November 10, 1907. They had six children, two sons surviving. The educational advantages enjoyed by Ira Adams, Jr., were acquired in the public schools of this city and upon finishing his studies he was immediately given a position in his father's shoe factory, where he learned the shoe cutting trade, at which he became an expert, continuing in that line for five years when, desirous of conducting business for himself, he organized the first merchants delivery system established here and of which he was the controlling factor for a period of four years. Eventually he disposed of his interests in that business and became affiliated with an electrical enterprise under A. B. Lyman, with whom he remained for several years. Then, in company with a partner, he launched out in business for himself under the firm of Adams & Grey, the partnership existing for two years, at the expiration of which time it was dissolved and since then he has continued alone in business. It has witnessed remarkable growth through the enterprise and industry of its proprietor, who conducts an extensive business throughout this and adjoining states. Mr. Adams is a shrewd and aggressive business man, whose straightforward dealings and industry justly entitle him to honorable mention among the commercial factors of the city. GEORGE J, DAVIS. Cleveland is the home of some of the most progressive business men in the country who are steadily forging to the front and making their houses known wherever goods of their kind are sold. Such commercial supremacy has not been secured without unceasing effort on the part of those in command, but the 1118 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND results demonstrate beyond any question that people are willing to pay well for superior articles and that fair dealing brings about added business. George J. Davis, proprietor of the George Davis Cooperage Company of this city, is one of the men who deserves more than passing mention in a record of this nature. Although in the very prime of life, having been born in 1878, in the city of Cincinnati, he ranks high in the business world. Mr. Davis is a son of George and Libby (Smith) Davis, the former of whom was born in Cincinnati in 1847, but came to Cleveland in early manhood, embarking in a cooperage business about 1876. He ran a shop at different places, and for some time traveled through Michigan for a Cleveland cooperage house, thus gaining a complete insight into this line of business. Finally in 1893 he founded the George Davis Cooperage Company in Cleveland, coming from Chicago to do so, and continued to conduct it until his demise in 1905. He served as captain of the Uniform Rank of Foresters, and in his younger days belonged to the Home Guards. His wife was born in 1860, in East Liverpool. She was married in Cleveland and survives her husband, making her home with her sons. The education of George J. Davis was obtained in Chicago, where his parents were then living. As soon as he left school, Mr. Davis began traveling for the D. W. Ryan Company, continuing with them for over a year, but in 1894 he came to Cleveland to assist his father in his new venture. Learning the trade, he remained with him until his death, when he and his brother continued the business under the old style. Their territory extends over Ohio and a part of Pennsylvania and New York. The company make a specialty of high grade goods for wine and whiskies and fancy articles including pipe racks and umbrella stands. The young men have introduced new methods, while maintaining the old excellence, and their trade has prospered accordingly. In 1905 Mr. Davis married Alice Bishop, who was born in Germany but was brought to the United States in infancy by her parents, who located in Cleveland. Mr. Davis is a member of the Workmen of the World, and the Commercial Travelers Protective Association. A strong republican in politics. he is interested in local affairs, although so far he has devoted all his energies to his business so he has had no time to hold office. He is an excellent business man, alive and energetic, thoroughly conversant with all the details of his trade and the best markets for his goods. The history of his house is excellent, and its prospects for the future look exceedingly promising. CHARLES FOOTE MACK. Charles Foote. Mack, the general manager of the Kilby Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, was born in Brodhead, Wisconsin, on the 25th of September, 1868, his parents being Isaac Foster and Mary (Foote) Mack. He attended the public schools of Sandusky, Ohio, until fourteen years of age and then went to Exeter, New Hampshire, where he entered the Phillips Exeter Academy, being graduated from that institution in 1886. He next became enrolled as a student in Cornell University, completing the prescribed course in 1890. Returning to Sandusky, Ohio, he there entered the employ of the Kilby Manufacturing Company as a window washer at a weekly wage of three dollars. As time passed and he demonstrated his faithfulness and capability in the discharge of the duties entrusted to him, he was gradually promoted to positions of greater and greater responsibility until in 1901 he was transferred to Cleveland as purchasing agent and later was made works manager. In 1907 he was appointed general manager of the entire factory and in this capacity his sound judgment and business ability have contributed in no small degree to the success of the company. They manufacture cane and beet sugar machinery, rolling mill, wire and nail machinery, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1119 automatic engines and boilers and do all classes of heavy machine, foundry and boiler work. On the 4th of January, 1893, in Vincennes, Indiana, Mr. Mack was united in marriage to Miss Anna De Wolf, a (laughter of Judge W. H. De Wolf of that city. Their home is at No, 2041 East Ninety-sixth street. Politically Mr. Mack is a stanch advocate of the republican party, while in religious faith he is a Presbyterian. He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon of Cornell University and also holds membership relations with the Euclid and Lotus Clubs. Beginning at the bottom of the ladder, his advancement in the business world has come in recognition of his tested ability and he now occupies a responsible position with one of the most important and extensive manufacturing concerns of the city. ARTHUR C. EDWARDS. Arthur C. Edwards, an architect of admitted ability, who has done much important work throughout Cleveland and whose excellent attainments rank him among the foremost following his profession, was born in Lansing, Michigan, July 17, 1871. Since launching out in the commercial world he has attained an enviable reputation in his line of business, which has placed him in a position where he stands second to none in his particular work. He is a son of Arthur B. Edwards, a native of New York state, born in 1833, who eventually settled in Ann Arbor, Michigan, where for many years he was interested in contracting and building, at which he was eminently successful, and he is now living in retirement. At the outbreak of the Civil war he answered his country's call to arms and served for three years in that conflict. The mother of our subject, Elvira (Goodrich) Edwards, was born in 1844, in New York state, where she was married. She and her husband are still living, participating in the enjoyment of the fruits of former toil. Arthur C. Edwards received his preliminary educational advantages in the public schools of his native city, subsequently completing a two years' course of study in technical training in architectural work, after which he was employed on a farm for about two years. At the expiration of that period he was apprenticed to the carpenter trade, at which he served two years, and then engaged in the contracting business for about ten years. In 1898 he pursued a course of instruction in an architectural school, and in 1904 assumed a position in that line of work for himself. He has since been quite successful as an architect and, being a close student who has given much attention to modern building designs, he is rapidly attaining an enviable reputation in this line and is ranked among the foremost architects of the city. For quite a while he confined his work principally to church architecture, in which he made quite a success, but at present is devoting his time to residences, and in connection with his business is pursuing a special course of study in drafting and illustrating. He is a man naturally adapted to the occupation, being ambitious to attain to the top notch in his profession, and the reputation in architectural lines which he has already established bids fair to make him one of the popular architects of the city. DUDLEY B. WICK, JR. When the aged pass from life it seems the natural course of events and what is to be expected, but when the young are called from the scene of earthly activities it is a matter of profound regret, especially when their worth and work seems to promise a progressive and prosperous future. The death of few young men of Cleveland have been as deeply regretted as was that of Dud- 1120 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ley B. Wick, Jr., one of the city's native sons, born on the 23d of July, 1876. He was the eldest son of Mr. and Mrs. Dudley B. Wick, and in his youthful days he was a student in the 'University School and high school of Cleveland and subsequently entered Cascadilla School, from which he was graduated with the class of 1898. He afterward pursued special courses preparatory to entering upon the profession of an electrical engineer at both the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland and Cornell University at Ithaca, New York. Mr. Wick was thus well qualified for the profession which he wished to make his life work and became connected with the North Electric Company, with which he remained until his life's labors were ended in death. His tireless energy, close concentration and ability enabled him to rise steadily from a subordinate position to that of chief of the engineering department, and he filled his place of responsibility in a most capable and acceptable manner, winning at the same time the high esteem and admiration of his business associates. His course seemed to foreshadow a brilliant career and much was expected of him. He possessed an inventive turn of mind and had already secured several valuable patents. On the 21 st of June, 1904, Mr. Wick was united in marriage to Miss Ruth Sutphen, eldest daughter of the Rev. Dr. Paul F. Sutphen, the pastor of the Second Presbyterian church of Cleveland. Unto them was born one child, Ruth Dudley, whose birth occurred April I 1, 1905. Mr. Wick was a member of the Euclid Club and of the Roadside Club. He was popular with those he met in social as well as business circles, for his nature was characterized by a geniality and his manner by deference for the opinions of others. He was a faithful member of the 'Second Presbyterian church and his life was actuated by high and manly principles. On the 1st of March, 1905, he passed away amid the deep regret of all who knew him, leaving to his family the priceless heritage of an untarnished name, while his memory is enshrined in the hearts of all with whom he came in contact. PETER GERLACH. Peter Gerlach came to Cleveland about 1844 and was numbered among the self- made men whose ability and energy enabled them to o'erleap the environment of youth and work their way upward. For years Mr. Gerlach figured prominently as a representative of industrial life in Cleveland, being extensively engaged in the manufacture of saws, his establishment being numbered among the leading productive industries of the city. He was only eleven years of age when he came to Cleveland and his death occurred here in November, 1908, when he was seventy- five years of age. He had, therefore, been a resident of the city for more than six decades. He came from Germany to the new world with his father and was educated here, although his opportunities for mental development through the training of the schools were somewhat limited, owing to the necessity for him to start out in life on his own account at an early age. However, in the school of experience he learned many valuable lessons and through reading and observation was continually broadening his knowledge until in later years he became recognized as a man of sound and discriminating judgment, whose views of life were never narrow nor contracted. He began to earn his own living by working in Mack's Cap Store, for his father died soon after the arrival of the family in Cleveland and it was necessary that Peter Gerlach earn his own living. In the Mack establishment hats and caps were manufactured and Mr. Gerlach was there employed for a period, after which he learned the shoemaker's trade. Subsequently he engaged with his brother Philip for a time in the baking business but he did not find that pursuit congenial and sought another field of labor in which to exercise his indefatigable industry— his dominant quality. He found what he sought when he took up the business of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1123 manufacturing saws. For a short time he was in partnership with others and then formed a partnership with his brother John and Andrew Nipper, organizing the business under the firm style of Peter Gerlach & Company. Eventually this was reorganized under the name of the Peter Gerlach Manufacturing Company, under which the business is still operated. Through the efforts of Mr. Gerlach the little plant developed into a large and prosperous concern, expanding along legitimate and substantial lines as the result of the keen business discrimination and unfaltering activity of Peter Gerlach, who devoted his entire time to the business and was its president. In 1861 Mr. Gerlach was united in marriage to Miss Catharine Schaaf, a daughter of Conrad Schaaf, who came to Ohio from Germany and located in Brooklyn on the Schaaf road. He was one of the pioneers of the locality, took up land and eventually purchased other farms. His business interests were capably managed and grew to be very extensive, so that eventually he was the owner of a number of fine large farms and Schaaf road was named in his honor. He was, moreover, a man of decided literary tastes who read extensively and possessed wide information on a varied range of subject. In his family were nine children, of whom four are yet living : Jacob, who resides on the old home farm near Brooklyn ; Mrs. Green ; Mrs. Ferber ; and Mrs. Gerlach. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Gerlach were born two children, Catherine and Lillian. Mr. Gerlach erected the fine residence on Detroit avenue where his last days were spent. He was a self-made man who never had occasion to regret coming to the new world. He felt that the business advantages over here were superior to those that he might have enjoyed in his own country and through the utilization of the opportunities which came to him he gained a prominent and substantial place in business circles, enjoying at all times the respect and confidence of his colleagues and associates. He was always public-spirited, was a charitable man and on many occasions gave liberally and unostentatiously for the benefit of others. He belonged to various German societies and to the German Evangelical church, while his political allegiance was given to the requblican party. His financial condition at his death was in marked contrast to his circumstances when in his youthful days he arrived in Cleveland, a little German lad unfamiliar with the ways and customs of the country. He readily adapted himself to altered conditions, however, and the passing years chronicled his success and the victories which he achieved over circumstances. ABRAM G. FARR. Abram G. Farr, now living retired from the storm and stress of business activity after a useful and successful life, is one of Cleveland's substantial and representative men. He was born in Claridon, Geauga county, Ohio, December 19, 1835, being a son of Farlander and Salome (Wells) Farr; who came to Ohio' from Vermont, settling in Elyria in 1827, at a time when there were but five families in the place. A few years later they removed to Claridon, Ohio, where the father became a farmer, but in 1839 he embarked in the hotel business and continued in it with a fair degree of success until 1859, when he came to Cleveland and became a grocer. The school days of Abram G. Farr were spent in Claridon until he was fifteen, and he pursued his studies in one of those little red schoolhouses that are fast becoming but a memory. When fifteen he removed to Mayfield and had the advantage of two terms additional schooling before he began earning his living. When only eighteen years of age he went to Colorado to engage in mining and prospecting, remaining away two years. In 1862 he drove the overland stage from Bear river to Weber river through Echo Canon, Utah. He has traveled all through Idaho, and Montana engaged in mining. For eight years he was connected with the Western Mining Company, but in 1867 he returned to Cleve- 1124 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND land and embarked in the grocery business. He also handled considerable city realty and continued to be actively engaged in these lines until 1892, when he retired well satisfied with the results of his industry and ability. In April, 1886, Mr. Farr married Fannie Goldthoop, a daughter of David and Martha (Glass) Goldthoop, the former a native of Manchester, England, and the latter of Ireland. They located in Woodstock, Canada, at an early day, the father being a colonel in the English army at that place. He became very prominent and was honored by offices of trust. One daughter has been born to Mr. and Mrs. Farr, Anita. Mr. Farr is a democrat but not active in politics. He belongs to the Old Settlers Association. During the Indian troubles of 1869 Mr. Farr served as a volunteer for three months in northern Mexico, receiving an arrow wound in his leg. During his long and successful career he always pursued a straightforward policy of honorable dealing that not only won him customers but established his reputation as a reliable man and substantial citizen. JOHN C. HUTCHINS. John C. Hutchins, who twice served as police judge of Cleveland and has since given his attention to the private practice of law with growing success, is also well known in connection with progressive movements for the benefit of the city. Ohio numbers him among her native sons, his birth having occurred in Warren, Trumbull county, on the 8th of May, 1840. After he had mastered the branches of learning taught there in the public schools he continued his education in Oberlin College. Following the outbreak of the Civil war the spirit of patriotism dominated his life and in response to the country's call he enlisted in 1861 as a member of the Second Ohio Cavalry, serving for two and a half years, during which time he rose from the ranks and became second and first lieutenant. He was afterward connected with the pay department at Washington. Leaving the country's service when necessity no longer demanded his aid in military circles, Mr. Hutchins began preparation for a life work as a student in the Albany Law School, which he entered in 1865. In due course of time he was graduated from that institution and was admitted to the bar in Mahoning county, Ohio. Since the fall of 1868 Mr. Hutchins has practiced continuously in Cleveland and is regarded as one of the strongest representatives of the bar of this city. For a time he was associated in practice with Judge J. E. Ingersoll and afterward was senior partner of the firm of Hutchins, Campbell & Johnson. The only offices which he has ever filled have been in the strict path of his profession. In 1877 he was elected prosecuting attorney for the county, running considerably ahead of the ticket, and in that office he discharged his duties without fear or favor. In 1880 he became the democratic candidate for congress but was defeated by Hon. Amos Townsend. In the spring of 1883 he again became a candidate when nominated for the position of police judge and after two years' service on the bench was reelected to that office in 1885, giving to the cause of justice the benefit of unwearied service and superior talent. On his retirement in 1887 he resumed the private practice of law and the following year he was the democratic candidate for the common pleas bench but was defeated by George B. Solders, the republican nominee. He is a man of wide general information and in this is found one of the strong elements of his power and ability as a lawyer. The broad knowledge enables him to understand life in its various phases, the motive springs of human conduct and the complexity of business interests and this, combined with a comprehensive familiarity with statutory law and with precedent, makes him one of the ablest advocates and counselors of the Cleveland bar. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1125 Aside from all professional connections Mr. Hutchins is deeply interested in the welfare of the city in lines of general improvement and development and has assisted in the promotion of many measures for the public good. For fourteen years he was a member of the Cleveland public library board, serving as its president for eight years of that time, and in 1892 he was elected judge of the common pleas court of Cuyahoga county, which position he filled until the spring of 1895, when he resigned to accept the appointment of postmaster of Cleveland, tendered him by President Cleveland. Since the fall of 1899 he has devoted his time to the practice of law. CHARLES JOSEPH SWIFT. Charles Joseph Swift, who in the fall of 1893 became a factor in the insurance circles of Cleveland, has since built up what is probably the largest individual fire insurance agency in the city. His birth occurred in Corry, Erie county, Pennsylvania, on the 16th of December, 1866, his parents being Charles Juda and Hannah Ophelia (Hopkins) Swift. The father was a prominent representative of business interests as a wholesale hardware merchant, conducting his enter- prise under the name of the Swift Hardware Company. He likewise loyally defended the interests of the Union during the dark days of the Civil war, enlisting for service from Ohio in Company A, Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In the maternal line Charles Joseph Swift can trace his ancestry back to John I. Hopkins, who removed from Cambridge, Massachusetts, to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1636. The great-great-grandfather of our subject was Joseph Hopkins, whose birth occurred in Waterbury, Connecticut, on the 6th of June, 1730. He was elected to the general assembly of the colony forty-four times, also acted as judge of the supreme court of Connecticut and was a warm friend of George Washington and General Lafayette. The Hon. A. J. Hopkins, United States senator from Illinois, is also a member of this family, as is Hon. A. C. Hopkins, United States congressman from Pennsylvania, who is a brother of Mrs. Hannah O. Swift. Charles J. Swift, whose name initiates this review, obtained his preliminary education in the public schools of Corry, Pennsylvania, and afterward attended DeVeaux College. He was graduated from the high school in June, 1886, and after putting aside his text-books spent a year in traveling through the United States and Mexico. In the year 1888, at Corry, Pennsylvania, he embarked in business as a wholesale and retail dealer in coal and builders' supplies and eventually controlled the most extensive enterprise of this character in Erie county outside of Erie. He was also one of the founders and the secretary of the Duplex Electric Company, manufacturers of arc lamps and dynamos. In the early winter of 1902, at the solicitation of George Hoyt and Captain George A. Ford, he made his way to Cleveland to become associated with the Ford-Washburn Storelectro Company, which failed in the panic of the following year. In the fall of 1903 Mr. Swift became identified with the insurance business, opening an office in the Arcade, but since the erection of the Garfield building has made his headquarters in the latter structure. He has thoroughly acquainted himself with the insurance business in principle and detail and understands fully its advantages and merits. The success which has attended his efforts is attributable to the fact that he has always given careful and unrelaxing attention to the interests of his clients, and he has never yet had a loss that has not been settled to the entire satisfaction of the insured. He is likewise the secretary of the Standard Fuller's Earth Company of Mobile, Alabama, miners and producers of the only fuller's earth in the United States that can be used in treating edible products. On the 20th of June, 1888, at Corry, Pennsylvania, Mr. Swift was united in marriage to Miss Maude L. Hammond, by whom he had a daughter, Alice 1126 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Ophelia, whose birth occurred July 12, 1889. On the 16th of Hay, 1907, Mr. Swift was again married, his second union being with Miss Catherine Pennock Brooke. Mr. Swift gives his political allegiance to the men and measures of the republican party but has no desire for the honors and emoluments of office. He was for many years a member of the Chamber of Commerce. He became identified with the Knights of Pythias fraternity at Corry in 1890 and is now past chancellor of Criterion Lodge, No. 68, K. P. An exemplary Mason, he belongs to Iris Lodge, A. F. & A. M.; Webb Chapter, R. A. M.; Oriental Commandery, K. T.; Lake Erie Consistory, S. P. R. S., which he joined in November, 1902 ; and Al Koran Temple, having been made a Noble of the Mystic Shrine in October, 1904. He was reared in the faith of the Episcopal church and is a devoted and consistent member of Trinity Cathedral. He is fond of all manly outdoor sports, especially hunting and fishing, and is a lover of horses. As a business man he has been conspicuous among his associates not only for his success, but for his fairness, probity and honorable methods. In everything he has been eminently practical and this has been manifest not only in his business undertakings but also in social and private life. CHARLES B. BERNARD. The name of Charles B. Bernard appears upon public records in connection with various important duties in Cleveland and at all times his official record is without shadow of wrong as his private life is without dishonor. He stood as a high type of manhood and citizenship, honored by all who knew him and most of all by those who came into intimate relations with him through the social interests or professional and official connections of life. He was born at Warsaw, New York, May 22, 1828. His father, the Rev. David Bernard, was born at Utica, New York, December 24, 1798, and was widely known throughout the entire state and elsewhere as a minister of the gospel and a speaker of marked evangelical eloquence. His mother, Mrs. Harriet Bernard, born February 0, 1806, was the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Elihu Billings, of Saratoga, New York. With her ability and sympathetic nature she filled exceptionally well the position of pastor's wife. Charles B. Bernard was educated in public and private schools of New York and Pennsylvania and even in his boyhood days displayed the versatility which marked his mature years. Mathematics was perhaps the branch of study in which he most greatly excelled, the discipline of this giving him an accuracy for which he was always noted. He was gifted by nature with a tenor voice of rare sweetness, a correct ear for music and a refined musical taste. At Norristown, Pennsylvania, he was a schoolmate of Major General W. S. Hancock. Although he had great fondness for the sports of youth, nevertheless he had a fitness for the work of life which few at the age of seventeen possess. He came to Ohio in 1845 and in 1846 began teaching in Avon. Later he taught in Brunswick and Middlebury, now East Akron. The summer months were devoted to farm work. In March, 1849, he entered the auditor's office as deputy, serving for four years under N. W. Goodhue and two years under Henry Newberry. He was then elected auditor in 1854 and the capability and efficiency of his service was such that he was reelected in 1856 for a second term, his incumbency in the office therefore covering four years. He was the first railroad ticket agent in Akron, Ohio, but attracted to a professional life he entered the law office of Wolcott & Upson in 1859 and in 1861 was admitted to the bar, at which time he joined his former preceptors in a partnership relation. Upon the death of Mr. Wolcott in 1863 the firm name was changed to Upson & Bernard. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 1129 While engaged in the active practice of law Mr. Bernard was also active in community affairs, serving as city solicitor in 1862-3, while his connection with educational interests covered seven years as member, president, secretary and treasurer of the board of education. He was also treasurer of the Akron and Portage township soldiers bounty fund during the war and in 1864 he served for one hundred days in front of Washington as adjutant of the One Hundred and Sixty-fourth Regiment of the Ohio National Guard, and as acting assistant adjutant general. In April, 1867, Mr. Bernard came to Cleveland and while he continued in the practice of law here he also became secretary of the Cleveland Stove Company, with which he was associated for twenty years and actively for about two years. He was chief clerk of internal revenue for two years and was the first appraiser of merchandise at the port of Cleveland, acting in that capacity for two years. His service in the city council and also on the board of education covered a similar period. On resigning his appraisership he resumed the practice of his profession. In a case referred to him he wrote out an original opinion as to the liability of stockholders under the Ohio law which the Ohio supreme court in another case sustained in every particular, so that it is now the law. He was director and legal adviser in several corporations and financial institutions and because of his ability and integrity won high regard from his colleagues and associates. In insurance business, which in later years occupied his time, he was regarded-as a man of sound judgment, of genuine uprightness and noble independence. No loss to himself deterred him from following the convictions of conscience, and all these qualities gained for him the confidence and esteem of his coworkers. On the 27th of October, 1858, Mr. Bernard was married at Akron, Ohio, to Miss Mary Eleanora Gardiner, a daughter of William Capwell and Maria (Smith) Gardiner. They became parents of two daughters : Grace Bernard, the wife of Frederick W. Warner, of Hartford, Connecticut ; and Bell Bernard, of Cleveland. The death of the husband and father occurred March 24, 1893, and thus passed from the scene of earthly activities one who has occupied a conspicuous and honorable place in the public life of Cleveland for many years. He considered Christianity the only true religion and applied its principles to all the affairs of life, ever attempting to obviate the sin and ameliorate the sorrow around him. The son of a Baptist minister, he early embraced his father's faith and held it to the end. He was an honored and efficient member of the First Baptist church of Akron and of the First Baptist church of Cleveland. He loved his church and denomination and was intelligently acquainted with its history and principles. ELIJAH NATHANIEL HAMMOND. Elijah Nathaniel Hammond, who in the years of an active life was classed with the leading representatives of the coal industry in Ohio and was recognized as one of the most extensive and successful coal dealers of Cleveland, was born September 23, 1826, in Bolton, Connecticut. The ancestry of the family in America is traced back to Thomas Hammond, who came from Lathenham, England, in 1634, and settled at Hingham, Massachusetts. His father, Nathaniel Hammond, was well known as a landowner and capitalist. His wife, in her maidenhood Lucy Hatch, of Coventry, Connecticut, lived to the very advanced age of ninety-two years. She was a lady of great ambition and superior education and was a niece of Professor Olmstead, of Yale University. Elijah N. Hammond, whose name introduces this review, was educated in the schools of Richfield and Twinsburg, Ohio. On the removal of the family 1130 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND from New England they journeyed westward by wagon to Michigan, but after a brief period there spent took up their abode in Richfield, Ohio. Mr. Hammond was a young man of twenty-three years when, in 1849, he came to Cleveland to ally his interests with those merchants who in the middle of the nineteenth century did so much toward giving to the city the impetus that has made it the important commercial and industrial center which it is known to be today. Here he engaged in the coal trade. He had been connected with the ownership and operation of coal mines before coming to Cleveland and here he began handling coal as a wholesale and retail dealer. For some years he and Mr. Yates figured as the two oldest coal merchants in the city. He remained in the same line of business throughout his entire life, his trade reaching extensive and profitable proportions, so that his business was scracely equaled by that of any other dealer in the city. His standing in trade circles is indicated by the fact that he was honored by being chosen as the first president of the Retail Coal Company's Protective Association. He was at all times very active in furthering the interests of the coal dealers, and the methods which he followed largely set the standard for activities in this department of business. In Richfield, Ohio, in 1849, was celebrated the marriage of Elijah N. Hammond and Miss Louise Weld, who was born in Ohio. They had two children : Alida, who became the wife of J. J. Ellsler, of this city ; and Frances W., who is carrying on the business which was established by her father, of whom she is a worthy successor. The death of Mr. Hammond occurred December 23, 1902, and his widow, surviving him for about six years, passed away November 23, 1908. He was a man of domestic tastes, his interests centering in his family, whose welfare was to him ever a matter of first concern. In all matters of citizenship he manifested a public-spirited interest and cooperated in many movements which were directly responsible for the city's development and progress. The republican party found in him a strong and stalwart supporter, and his influence and labors were active factors in its growth and success. He attended the Second Presbyterian church and his Christian belief was evidenced in his charity and benevolence, his allegiance to the highest standard of commercial ethics and the ready and generous assistance which he gave when opportunity offered, in both public and private life.