(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 300 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1901. She was a daughter of James Laird, whose birth occurred in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1809. He followed the occupation of farming as a life work and passed away in 1873. James H. Griswold pursued his preliminary education in the district schools of his native county and afterward attended New Lyme Institute, in Ashtabula county, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Science degree in 1892. He afterward engaged in teaching in a high school and was superintendent of schools at Windsor, Ohio, for two years. For the further improvement of his education he attended Oberlin College, where he won the Bachelor of Arts degree on graduation with the class of 1898. His law course was pursued in the Western Reserve University, where he was graduated in 1901 with the Bachelor of Law degree. He at once began practice in the office of Judge Alexander Hd den, of Cleveland, Ohio, and after a year was admitted to partnership, the relations between them continuing until Mr. Hadden was appointed probate judge m 1905. Mr. Griswold then entered into the present partnership as senior member of the firm of Griswold & White, and is engaged in general practice. His knowledge of the law is comprehensive and he is seldom, if ever, at fault in the application of a legal principle. He gives to his clients the benefit of unwearied industry and to the profession the benefit of great talent. His ideals concerning the purposes of the profession are high, and these he will never sacrifice for monetary gains. He is, however, a successful and prosperous lawyer and business man and is now financially interested in many important industrial and commercial concerns, being a director of The Lane Tool Company, The Lagron Coal & Supply Company, The Prosser Engineering Company, The Roll Manufacturing Company, The Public Hand Laundry Company, and The Kling Realty Company, all of which benefit by his business discernment and legal knowledge. On the 30th of September, 1902, Mr. Griswold was married to Miss Hope Erwin, a daughter of William and Jane (Cooper) Erwin, and they have two children, Erwin Nathaniel, born July 14, 1904, and James Wells, born June 5, 1909. Mr. Griswold is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and is interested in all matters pertaining to municipal progress. He gives earnest support to the republican party, and from 1904 to 1906 served as a member of the council of East Cleveland. He has frequently been a delegate to conventions of the party, and he is equally active in church work as a member of the Windermere Presbyterian church. His record reflects credit upon that of an honored ancestry, and his activities have always been in lines where success depends upon individual merit and capability. ROLLIN T. HOLDEN. Although Rollin T. Holden passed away in 1902, he is yet remembered as one who was very active in municipal affairs. He served for several terms as a member of the city council but, whether in office or out of it, was most loyal to the public good and recognized the opportunities for advancement. His influence was always on the side of public progress, and his labors were effective, beneficial and far-reaching. As a business man, too, he was well known, for many years conducting a wholesale enterprise as a dealer in paint and oils. His birth occurred in the little village of Geneva, Ohio, in 1846, and he was three years of age when, in 1849, his parents removed to Cleveland, where he acquired a good education in the public schools and prepared himself for a practical business life by a course in the Spencerian Business College. He had just finished his studies when the call to arms was heard, for the Confederacy had made the attempt to overthrow the Union by firing upon Fort Sumter. Mr. Holden, although then but fifteen years of age, offered his services to the government and joined the Eighth United States HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 301 Infantry. Few volunteers have seen harder service, and none has ever been more loyal to the old flag. Although a mere boy in years and in physique, Mr. Holden never absented himself a day from his regiment from the time of his enlistment in 1861 until he was mustered out in 1867. The extreme exposure and hardships which he endured had their effect upon him, later disabling him for some years. After his return, when the condition of his health had improved, he turned his attention to business interests, and his good judgment, wise investments and upright dealing brought him success. For some time he was engaged in the manufacture of cabinets for sewing machines but later sold out to Theodore Kuntz and subsequently turned his attention to the wholesale paint and oil business, building up an extensive and profitable enterprise on Frankfort street. He closely studied the trade, carried a stock which he knew would meet the public demands and as the years passed by was accorded an extensive and growing patronage that made his one of the profitable enterprises of the district. In 1879 Mr. Holden was united in marriage to Miss Alice E. Bucher, who was born in Massillon, Ohio, and came to Cleveland with her parents. Her father, William Bucher, was senior partner of the firm of Bucher, Adams & Goodspeed, who for many years were well known shoe manufacturers of this city. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Holden were born four children : Alice, the wife of R. M. Groch ; one died in infancy; Mrs. Beulah Bluim; and Rollin T. Mr. Holden's interests centered in his family, and he always regarded as his most pleasant hours those which he spent in the companionship of his wife and children. A resident of Cleveland from his early childhood days, his interest in the welfare and progress of the city was deep and sincere and found manifestation in many tangible and resultant efforts for the public good. In politics he was always a stalwart republican, never faltering in his allegiance to the party. He was elected to the city council from the old sixteenth ward in 1884, and his service proved so valuable that he was reelected in 1886 and again in 1888. He was one of the best informed offrcials of Cleveland in general municipal affairs, and his integrity in all public matters as in business and in private life was above question. He belonged to the Union and Colonial Clubs and was popular with his associates in those organizations. His pronounced traits of character were of a most sterling quality, and when he Was called to his final rest on the 4th of April, 1902, Cleveland lost a representative and valued citizen, his associates, a trustworthy friend and his family, a devoted husband and father. HARRY BERTOLETTE KURTZ, M. D. Dr. Harry B. Kurtz is a prominent' and well known representative of the medical fraternity in Cleveland, giving special attention to diseases of the skin. His birth occurred in Washingtonville, Columbiana county, Ohio, on the 14th of April, 1870, his parents being James Roland and Emma Amelia (Bertolette) Kurtz, who were natives of West Chester and Hubbard, Ohio, respectively. Throughout his entire business career the father was actively engaged in general agricultural pursuits at New Philadelphia, Ohio, where his demise occurred in the fall of 1907, when he was sixty-five years of age. His wife was called to her final rest in 1888 at the age of forty-four years. Harry B. Kurtz completed his course in the New Philadelphia high school, when eighteen years of age, and then took up the study of medicine in the office of his uncle, Dr. James B. Bertolette, under whose direction he read for one year. During the spring of 1890 he was a student in the medical department of the Western Reserve University at Cleveland, which he reentered in the following September for a three years' course. He was graduated therefrom on the 1st of March, 1893, and immediately entered upon the active practice of his profession in partnership with his uncle. During the winter of 1893-4 he attended the New 302 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND York polyclinic, while the winter of 1900 was spent at the Chicago polyclinic. In 1901 he sold his partnership interest and spent nine months traveling through Mexico, California and Alaska, visiting Valdez, Yakutat and also the Copper River country of Alaska. Upon his return, in the fall of 1902, he located in Cleveland, and this city has since remained the scene of his professional activities. He has given much attention to skin diseases and in 1910 intends taking a trip to Europe, where he will devote several months to special work in dermatology, with a view to making a specialty of that science in the future. In the winter of 1902, owing to the illness of Dr. Guy B. Case, then professor of dermatology in the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons, Dr. Kurtz was invited by the faculty to take his class. He accepted the offer and has since taught that subject there, going through the various stages and titles until he was made. professor of dermatology in the spring of 1909. He is a member of the staff of St. Luke's Hospital and the Cleveland City Hospital, and is medical examiner for the National Life Insurance Company. That he keeps in touch with the profession in its advancement, experimentation and experience is indicated through his membership in the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. On the 21st of June, 1899, at Elkhart, Indiana, Dr. Kurtz was united in marriage to Miss Eva M. Hazelton, a daughter of Walter S. Hazelton, a banker of that city. They now have two children, Walter H. and Robert W., aged eight and four years respectively. Dr. Kurtz has attained high rank in Masonry, being a member of Woodward Lodge, McKinley Chapter, Oriental Commandery and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is very fond of motoring and fishing, and these sports afford him much needed rest and recreation. His home is at No. 20 Rosalind avenue, East Cleveland. In his practice he ever maintains the highest standard of professional ethics, gaining thereby the unqualified respect and good will of his professional brethren. WILLIAM EGGERS. William Eggers, who as a sewer contractor won in his business life success that indicated his ability and determination, in that he started out empty-handed, was born near Hanover, Germany, on the 16th of July, 1845. He became a resident of Cleveland in 1870 and here continued until his death, which occurred on the 20th of August, 1907. Mr. Eggers was a son of Henrich and Minnie Eggers, who were born in the vicinity of Hanover and were well known farmmg people there. Their son acquired his education in the schools of the province, which he attended until sixteen years of age, when he was apprenticed to learn the stone-mason's trade, to which he devoted his time and energies until he attained his majority. It was in 1864 that he crossed the Atlantic to America, settling first in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he followed the stone-mason's trade for six years. In 1870 he came to Cleveland, where he engaged in the liquor business for fourteen years, and then selling out began sewer contracting, which undertaking claimed his tithe and energies until his demise. He was awarded many important contracts and employed a large force of workmen. He was truly a self-made man in that the success he achieved was attributable entirely to his own efforts. He was widely and prominently known in German circles and had many friends among the German-American element in the city. He was preeminently, however, a home man and most devoted to his family. On the 25th of June, 1870, in Cincinnati, Mr. Eggers was married to Miss Henrietta Wakford, a daughter of Jacob and Angelica (Barbee) Wakford, of Geldheim, Bavaria, who were prominent representatives of agricultural life in that locality. IVIrs. Eggers was born in Bavaria in 1840 and came alone to America HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 305 when thirteen years of age, making her home in this country with her grandparents. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Eggers were born three daughters: Eva, the wife of Paul Burke, of Cleveland; Minnie, the wife of William Schmidt, of this city ; and Ida, the wife of Frank Brigaman, also of Cleveland. In his political views Mr. Eggers was a republican and gave unfaltering support to the party but did not seek nor desire public office. He was a member of the Knights of Pythias and other organizations, and manifested in his life many of the sterling and conspicuous traits of the German race—qualities which found him favor with the people of his own nationality: OLE MARTIN FRIESTAD. Ole Martin Friestad, Norwegian vice consul at Cleveland, was born at Arendal, Norway, November 11, 1868. His father, Christian A. Friestad, is also a native of that country and a son of Amund Friestad. He wedded Caroline Hansen, a daughter of Ole and Margaret (Sum) Hanson, the latter a representative of the Sum family that has played a very important part in the history of Denmark. It was in the year 1882 that Christian A. Friestad came with his family to the new world and took up his abode in Cleveland. His son, Ole M. Friestad, had pursued his early education in the public schools of his native country and later attended the public schools of this city. After putting aside his text-books he secured a position as messenger with the Western Union Telegraph Company and later was promoted to telephone clerk, night clerk and on through various positions until he became chief bookkeeper. In 1892 he became a member of the Fifth Regiment of the Ohio National Guard and served as an officer of that organization during the Spanish-American war, being commissioned battalion sergeant major. He continued with the army through the period of the war and was mustered out November 5, 1898. He is now a member of Camp Major Cramer of the Spanish-American War Veterans. In June, 1906, he was appointed vice consul of his native country at Cleveland and has since served in that capacity in a most satisfactory manner, wisely representing the interests of Norway at this point. On the 19th of April, 1904, Mr. Friestad was married to Miss Charlotte Toon, a daughter of Charles and Eliza (Wade) Toon, of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Friestad are both members of St. James Episcopal church. Mrs. Friestad is very active in the charitable work of the church and in various benevolent lines and is a member of the house committee of the Home for Crippled Children. She is also prominently known in social circles. He is interested in sailing and bowling and for many years was one of the leading yachtsmen of the Cleveland Yacht Club. Both Mr. and Mrs. Friestad have a very wide circle of friends here, and their own home at No. 2993 East Seventy-fifth street is ever open for the hospitable reception of those whom they meet socially. LOUIS GRIESSER. Louis Griesser, sales manager for the Cleveland Electrical Supply Company, was born in this city December 28, 1876. His father, Constantine Griesser, was a native of Germany and came to this city in 1868. For many years he was here engaged in the confectionery and bakery business and still resides in this city but is now living retired. He married Victoria Metzger, who was also of German birth and died in 1896 at the age of forty-two years. 306 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, Louis Griesser pursued his education in the Mayflower school and afterward made his entrance into business life in connection with the Cleveland Electrical Manufacturing Company. He was with that company for twelve years, during which time he gained broad and comprehensive knowledge of the business and then withdrew to start out upon an independent venture. He founded the Commercial Electric Company, of which he was made the general manager, controlling its interests until 1902 when this company was consolidated with the Cleveland Electrical Supply Company, and he became sales manager of the latter. He has since had charge of the sales department and his position is one of large responsibility for the trade of the house is continually growing. On the 14th of November, 1903, Mr. Griesser was married to Miss Amelia Simon and they reside at No. 1189 East Eighty-seventh street. Mr. Griesser gives his political allegiance to the republican party where national issues are before the people but casts an independent local ballot. He finds recreation from arduous labor in sailing and fishing and for a number of years was an active member of the Cleveland Yacht Club. He is preeminently a business man, however, his success being the direct outcome of hard labor, close application and keen discrimination. By the exercise of those qualities he has steadily worked his way upward. He finds delight in gardening and is a lover of flowers, having many fine plants at his home. Having always lived in Cleveland, he has a wide acquaintance here and there is no more indisputable evidence of a well spent life than is to be found m the fact that many of his stanchest friends are those who have known him from his boyhood to the present time. GEORGE FRANKLIN BOWMAN. George Franklin Bowman, who at the time of his death was recognized as one of the leading business men and merchants of the west side of Cleveland, was born near Huntington, Ohio, March 27, 1839, a son of George Runyons and Orpha Angeline Bowman. The father was a Methodist minister and became one of the early circuit riders of this part of the country, taking active and helpful interest in promoting moral progress in the community in the early days when most of the settlers were widely scattered, but when the spirit of helpfulness and religious interest was a salient feature in the life of the community. Reared amid frontier environments, George Franklm Bowman pursued his education in the schools of Newburg, enjoying good opportunities in that direction that well qualified him for life's practical and responsible duties. His youthful days were spent in the family home which still stands at Woodland Hills and Miles avenues and is one of the landmarks of the southern section of the city. He was a youth of exceptionally good habits, of such characteristics that old and young, rich and poor alike entertained for him friendly regard. He started in the business world as an employe of W. D. Baker on Superior street and there acquainted himself with the news and stationery business. In that field he continued when he started in busmess on his own account, opening a store on the Detroit street hill. He afterward removed to Pearl and Detroit streets, where he continued in business for a quarter of a century, and about six or seven years prior to his demise he established a store at Nos. 417-421 Pearl street. Each change indicated a substantial growth in his business, and with the passing years he became one of the best known and most popular business men on the west side. The volume of his trade was exclusive and the attractive line of goods which he carried, combined with his reasonable prices and thorough reliability, constituted the source of his ever increasing and substantial success. On the 31st of December, 1863, Mr. Bowman was united in marriage in Newburg to Miss Sarah Albertene Burgett, and unto them were born two sons and a HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 307 daughter. Homer Preston, the eldest, was married July 18, 1896, to Anna Martha Reuss, who is now deceased, and they had one child, Homer Reuss Bowman, born April 18, 1900. Frank Burgett was married June 23, 1908, to Ada Reading. Edith Bowman became the wife of Albert Grant Langell February 9, 1893, and has one son, Dudley Bowman Langell, born April 28, 1895. Mr. Bowman gave his political support to the republican party and was postmaster for several years, filling the office when the carriers were placed on the west side, at which time there were only four in his employ. He was well known in Masonic circles, holding membership in Halcyon Lodge, A. F. & A. M., Thatcher Chapter, R. A. M., Forest City Commandery, K. T., and El Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He used his influence for every good enterprise and remained an active factor in the business circles of this city until about three weeks prior to his death, when he became ill with typhoid fever and passed away November 21, 1901. He belonged to that class of citizens whose force of character constitutes the basic element in success. He wisely used his time and talents, met the confidence of his fellowmen with the highest principles of honor and business integrity and as the years went by made a record which is deserving of commendable mention in the history of Cleveland's representative business men. HENRY HAINES. On the roll of men who have figured prominently and honorably in connection with the business activities and public interests of Cleveland is found the name of Henry Haines, who was well known in the Forest city in real-estate and banking circles. A native of Pennsylvania, he was born in York county on the 3oth of September, 1826, and was, therefore, a young man of about twenty- five years when he removed to Ohio, settling first in Springfield. He had previously acquired his education in the schools of his native state, and in 1851 he sought business opportunities in the Buckeye state. For about a year he remained in Springfield and in 1852 came to Cleveland, settling on Woodland avenue and living there and on Kinsman road for some time. He afterward erected a fine residence on Bolivar road, where he spent his remaining days, continuing a resident of this city until called to his final rest on the 14th of November, 1879. In 1872 he purchased a tract of land at what is now Ninety-seventh and adjacent streets, subdivided the same and sold it off in building lots. He was one of the organizers of the old Everett & Weddle Bank but devoted most of his attention to handling and developing real estate, in which connection he contributed in large measure to the growth, progress and improvement of the city. Mr. Haines was numbered for a considerable period with the foremost residents of Cleveland, honored and respected by all who knew him. He was one of the most devoted and consistent members of the old First Methodist Episcopal church, acted as treasurer during the construction of its house of worship, and when he passed away the church lost one of its most valuable representatives. Often while acting as church treasurer he advanced the money out of his own pocket to carry on some project or line of church work, biding his time until the congregation could reimburse him for the outlay, He dealt justly with all men, and while he believed that honesty is the best policy he was actuated in his business life by a still higher principle—Christian faith and his desire to follow the teachings of the Holy Scriptures. In politics he was a republican. He was neglectful of no duty of citizenship nor unmindful of any obligation that devolved upon him, and his upright, honorable life gave him a firm hold on the affection of his fellowmen. The fine old home on Bolivar road was occupied by the family for over a half century. It was on the 6th of March, 1850, that he was united in marriage to Miss Sarah E. Leber and unto them were born two children, but the son, 308 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Harry Haines, who was the younger, is now deceased. The daughter is Mrs. Clara A. Hower. The wife and mother survived her husband for about two years and passed away in 1883. The daughter is, therefore, the only surviving member of the family at the present writing, in 1909. Reared in Cleveland she was married in 1874 to Jeremiah M. Hower, Jr., a native of Wooster, Ohio, who for years was the efficient bookkeeper for the firm of Hower & Higbee. Later he engaged in orange culture in Florida and subsequently went to Colorado, where he died January 9, 1907. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hower was born a son, Henry Haines Hower, a graduate of the Central high school, who is now advertising manager of the F. B. Stearns Automobile Company and a rising young man. Mrs. Hower is a member of the Early Historical Association. Having spent her entire life in this city, she has been a witness of much of its ,growth and development. She was a pupil at the old Mayflower School and remembers the day when the first street car was run in Cleveland. She is also a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, and she has a large .circle of friends in this city, the hospitality of many of the best homes of Cleveland being freely accorded her. Her own home is a favorite resort with her many friends and is most attractive by reason of its air of culture and refinement. ORVILLE BIRD SKINNER. Orville Bird Skinner was numbered among the native sons of Cleveland who have spent their entire lives in the city. Through the period of infancy, boyhood and manhood he continued to make his home here and his sterling traits of character as manifested in his business activity and in his citizenship, won him the friendly regard and high esteem of all with whom he came in contact. His birth occurred in the old family residence which stood for many years at the corner of Champaign and Ontario streets and his father, 0. B. Skinner, was the auditor of Cuyahoga county at one time and was very active in the early affairs of the city, doing not a little to shape public progress and mold the destiny of Cleveland in its formative period. He died here September 4, 1834, at the early age of thirty-six years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Martha St. John, died on the 11th of March, 1850, when seventy-six years of age. He was widely known among the pioneer merchants of the city. Orville B. Skinner, whose name introduces this review, was reared under the parental roof and acquired his education in the early schools of Cleveland. As the years passed he watched with interest the progress of events that marked the city's upbuilding and growth. He was connected with railroad interests during the early part of his life where his ability won him promotions from subordinate positions to a place of prominence. At one time he was traffic manager of the Big Four, but for fifteen years prior to his death he was retired from active business because of his health. On the 24th of December, 1855, Mr. Skinner was united in marriage to Miss Helen Campbell and unto them were born three children: 0. C., who is now living in Pennsylvania ; Helen Campbell; and John Devereaux. Mr. Skinner was devoted to the welfare and happiness of his wife and children, his interest centering in his home while his best efforts were put forth for the welfare of his family. He was prominent in Masonry and attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish rite. For a long period he served as vestryman of Trinity Episcopal church and took a most active and helpful part in its work and contributed generously to its support. In municipal affairs Mr. Skinner was deeply interested and his influence was always given on the side of civic improvement. He was very domestic in his habits and yet he was neglectful of no duty toward the public or to his fellowmen. He was ever ready to extend a helping hand to those in HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 311 need or to bestow charity as the occasion required. An honorable and ever an upright man, to him was paid the deference which the world ever instinctively extends to those whose lives are largely blameless and are actuated by high ideals. Mrs. Skinner still resides in Cleveland and enjoys a very wide acquaintance here, the warm regard of all who know her being freely accorded her. DAVID MARINE, M.D. Dr. David Marine, instructor in experimental medicine in the Western Reserve University Medical College, was born in Whiteleysburg, Maryland, September 20, 1880. His parents, David and Mary E. (Neal) Marine, were both natives of Sussex county, Delaware, and are now deceased. The father was a farmer merchant at Vhiteleysburg, where he continued until his death in 1884. The family is of English descent and of long residence in Sussex county, Delaware, where they were agriculturists as well as in England, Dr. Marine pursued his education in the public schools of Caroline county, Maryland, until fourteen years of age. He afterward attended the Western Maryland College at Westminster and was graduated in 1900 with the Bachelor of Arts degree. Five years later his alma mater conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree. He spent five years in study in the Johns Hopkins University at Baltimore, from which he was graduated in 1905 with his medical degree, and on the 1st of July of the same year he came to Cleveland, acting as resident pathologist to Lakeside Hospital until October 1, 1906. He then accepted an appointment in the medical department of the Western Reserve University as demonstrator of pathology, which position he still fills, and on the 1st of October, 1907, he was also made instructor of experimental medicine. In this university he has been continuously engaged in research work and is thus closely associated with professional advancement by reason of his studies concerning the thyroid gland, on which subject he has been a frequent contributor to medical journals. Dr. Marine holds membership with the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the Cleveland Medical Library Association and the Society for the Advancement of Science. He is deeply interested in scientific research, especially along the line of his profession, and has gained a recognition that is seldom accorded one 0f his years for the work that he has done in this connection. LOUIS KOEHL. Louis Koehl has been engaged in business on his own account in Cleveland for twenty-three years and is now proprietor of an extensive hardware store at No. 2321 Ontario street, through to No. 2262 East Fourth street. He possesses many of the strong and sterling characteristics of his Teutonic ancestry, for as the name indicates he comes of German parentage, being a son of Valentine and Katherine (Wenz) Koehl, both of whom were natives of Germany. The subject of this review was born in Columbus, October 28, 1862, and was only about a year old when the family removed to Ashland, Ohio, where he acquired his education as a pupil in the public sch00ls. He entered business life when a youth of fifteen years, being employed in a hardware store at Ashland, and his faithfulness and capability find tangible evidence in the fact that he there remained until twenty-two years of age. Thinking to find broader business opportunities in the larger city he came to Cleveland on the 15th of November, 1884. He was then made salesman for Davidson Brothers & Company, hardware mer- 312 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND chants, with whom he remained for two years, and on the 17th of March, 1887, he established a hardware business on his own account at No. 176 Ontario street, under the firm name of Davidson & Koehl. This firm existed until September 22, 1892, when Mr. Koehl sold out to his partner and after an interval, or on the l0th of February, 1895, purchased the wholesale and retail hardware business of George G. Arthur at No. 168 Superior street. There he. remained until April, 1895, when he came to his present location. Here he has a large store, carrying an extensive line of shelf and heavy hardware and house furnishings. Indefatigable labor has been one of the strong elements which with him have made for success. As he has prospered in his undertakings he has made investments in real estate and is now an extensive property owner. He is also an associate member of the Cleveland Real Estate board. Mr. Koehl has one son, Donald, fifteen years of age. He is a member of the Country Automobile Club. There are no unusual elements in his life history, but the qualities which he has displayed are ever such as command confidence and regard, and his enterprise is of a character which contributes to general prosperity and commercial progress as well as to his individual success. AUGUST SINDERMANN. August Sindermann, who has left as a monument to his memory many of the beautiful homes of Cleveland, was born February 17, 1856, in Schlasan, Germany, and died November 2, 1898. He was but a young lad at the time of his father's death, after which the mother reared the family, and Mr. Sindermann of this review had opportunity to attend private schools of his native city until fourteen years of age. He then entered the business college and afterward gave his time to learning the cabinetmaker's and carpenter's trades. He was seventeen years of age when he left home, spending four years in traveling around Europe, being employed at different points in the line of his chosen pursuits. A roving disposition made his life attractive to him, and in this way he learned much of the country. Eventually, however, he returned to his home in Germany in 1877.. He was twice drafted for service in the German army but owing to defective eyesight was rejected. Ambitious to make the most of his opportunities and to earn in his youth and early manhood a competence that would relieve him from want and care in his later years, he at length learned of business conditions in America and of the opportunities here offered to young men of energy, determination and ability. He was twenty-two years of age when he crossed the Atlantic and set foot on American soil at New York. For a brief period he remained in the eastern metropolis, working at his trade, but in 1879 came to Cleveland, where he continued to make his home throughout his remaining days. In order to acquaint himself with the English language he attended night school and also took up the study of architecture, spending two years as a pupil. The days were devoted to cabinetmaking and carpentering, and when he felt that his skill and experience were sufficient to justify the step he began the contracting business on his own account in the northeastern part of the city, and as the years passed by he enjoyed an extensive business, erecting more homes and business houses than any other contractor in that locality. He was an expert wood engraver, and his skill in that direction enabled him to add to the beauty of many of the homes which stand today as an evidence of his skill. He became well known in his profession and continued actively in the building and contracting business until his death. On the 9th of January, 1886, Mr. Sindermann was married to Miss Marie Koeppen, a daughter of Wilhelm and Fredricka (Zauruke) Koeppen, who came from the vicinity of Berlin, Germany, where the father followed farming and gardening. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Sindermann are Caroline M., Marie C., HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 313 Florence H., and Henry A., all attending school and making their home with their mother. Mr. Sindermann, who passed away November 2, 1898, at the comparatively early age of forty-two years, was preeminently a home man, devoted to the welfare and happiness of his wife and children. He found his greatest pleasure in ministering to their interests and was ever loyal, thoughtful and considerate in all of his family relations. His political allegiance was given to the republican party, and though he never sought office he was loyal to its principles. Among the German- American residents of the city he was well known and popular, and he held membership in the Germania Sängerfest, a German singing society, and in the United States Workman Club. He was very fond of music and was a fine performer on the violin, which was his favorite instrument. With bow in hand he would forget all the toil and vexations of business life, spending many pleasant hours with the companionship of the best composers of all ages. He was a self-made man, enjoying the success which comes as the sure and merited reward of earnest, persistent and honest labor. HON. HARRY ALONZO TILDEN. Rich as is America in its almost limitless natural resources, its virile strength lies in its citizenship. Unhampered by caste or class, the ambitions and labors of men may lead them from most humble environments into positions of local, state or national prominence, and the man who thus molds his own destiny and carves out his fortune is well qualified to meet and solve the intricate problems of government. Now numbered among the representative residents of Cleveland, Harry Alonzo Tilden had but a humble start, owing to circumstances that left him orphaned at an early age. He was born on the banks of Rocky river, in Cleveland, September 19, 1868. His father, Henry Tilden, a native of Hamilton, New York, came to Cleveland in 1856 and engaged in commercial lines until his removal to the west soon after the close of the war. He died in Arizona about 1872. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Nina Northrup, was a daughter of Dr. and Julia (Carter) Northrup, the latter a daughter of Captain Alonzo Carter, who came to Western Reserve from Vermont May 2, 1797. He was the first settler who brought his family and made permanent location here. With the early history of Cleveland he was prominently identified and did much toward shaping its history in its formative period. Harry Alonzo Tilden was left an orphan at the age of four years, his father and mother both dying in 1872, after which he lived with his grandmother until her death, when he was a lad of twelve years. Since that time he has been dependent upon his own resources and has bravely and victoriously fought life's battles. He attended public and private school in Cleveland until sixteen years of age and later pursued a course of lectures in the Michigan University at Ann Arbor. Desirous ever of making advancement in intellectual lines his reading has been broad and varied, and in the school of experience he has also learned many valuable lessons. At sixteen years ''f age he entered upon an apprenticeship to the machinist's trade in the Cummer Engine Works, now owned by the Kelley Manufacturing Company. He was associated with that line of business until 1888 when he took out a license as a mechanical engineer and was thus busily occupied until 1892. He had for several years studied law during his leisure hours, and from 1892 he gave his time to private law study, attending a course of lectures until his knowledge of the principles of jurisprudence secured his admission to the bar in June, 1894. In that year he entered upon active practice and has remained alone in his profession, conducting a general practice in all of the courts but specializing somewhat in insurance and real estate law. Those branches of the profession he has found particularly interesting, and, thoroughly qualifying in those depart- 314 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ments, he has secured a good clientage in both. Aside from his professional interests and activity Mr. Tilden was one of the incorporators of the Royal Motor Car Company and has been with various manufacturing interests of this city. Whatever else may be said of the legal fraternity, it cannot be denied that members of the bar have been more prominent actors in public affairs than any other class of the community. This is but the natural result of causes which are manifest and require no explanation. The ability and training which qualify one to practice law also qualify him in many respects for duties which lie outside the strict path of his profession and which touch the general interests of society. Always interested in political measures and activity, Mr. Tilden became a recognized leader in the ranks of the republican party and on that ticket was elected to the general assembly, serving from 1900 until 1902. In 1903 he received his party's nomination to the state senate but was defeated with the remainder of the ticket. While in the house he was largely instrumental in securing the issuance of the bonds for the East and West High Schools, the park system and the bridge crossing from Clark avenue to Harvard street. He has been unceasing in his efforts to promote the growth of and secure success for the republican party and was one of the organizers of and an enthusiastic worker in the Shop Club which was responsible for the nomination and election of Theodore Burton to congress. On the 26th of February, 1901, in Cleveland, Mr. Tilden wedded Miss Anna L, Wetzel, a daughter of John Wetzel, an old resident of Cleveland. They now have one son, Theodore Burton Tilden, six years of age. The family residence is at No. 366 Hampshire road, Cleveland Heights. In addition Mr. Tilden owns a large fruit and poultry farm at Willoughby, well stocked with high bred poultry and game birds. He is an enthusiast on the subject of fine horses and owns several splendid racers including May Tell, Miss Prinity and Little Dorett. A lover of all outdoor sports, he is especially fond of hunting and is well known as a pedestrian. He finds pleasure in travel and has visited many points of interest in this country and has also been abroad. In Masonry he has attained a high rank, belongs also to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and is a member of the Second Presbyterian church. He now occupies an enviable position in professional circles, which is all the more creditable from the fact that he merits the somewhat hackneyed but altogether expressive title of a self-made man, being dependent upon his own resources from the age of twelve years. The opportunities which he has sought are those which have opened out along progressive lines, enabling him to make steady advancement in industrial and commercial fields and eventually leading him into professional relations which are now of an important character. A strong mentality, invincible courage and a most determined individuality have so entered into his make-up as to render him a natural leader of men and a director of opinion. OTIS D. SUMMERS. Otis D. Summers, whose ability finds expression in the management and control of large and important business undertakings, is now the vice president and secretary of the D. O. Summers Cleaning Company. He was born in Cleveland, December 29, 1886, a son of D. O. Summers, the president of the company, of whom mention is made elsewhere in this work. In the pursuit of his education Otis D. Summers attended the East high school, from which he was graduated and later entered the Wesleyan University at Delaware, Ohio, in which he pursued a business course. He has been continuously connected with the D. O. Summers Cleaning Company since 1906 and was elected to the vice presidency in January, 1910, following the death of F. A. Grossenbacher. The company now has an extensive factory from Nos. 6202 to 6220 Carnegie avenue, S. E., and the retail trade is managed through five stores in Cleveland and several which have been established in neighboring towns. The company HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 317 utilizes eighteen horses and five automobiles and do more business than any individual or company of similar character in Ohio. While O. D. Summers is a young man of but twenty-three years, he yet recognizes the possibilities of the business and is working earnestly for the expansion of the trade. In the position which he now occupies and which is one of active management in connection with the house he displays considerable ability in the management of men, and the wisdom of his judgment is finding evidence in the excellent results which follow his plans and ideas. O. D. Summers has a wide social acquaintance in Cleveland, where his entire life has been passed, He belongs to Tyrian Lodge No. 370, F. & A. M., and also to the Cleveland Alumni Association of the Alpha Tau Omega. CAPTAIN WILLIAM ADDISON HOWE. Captain William Addison Howe, the president of the William A. Howe Company and prominently known in connection with military organizations, was born in Cleveland, March 4, 1839, a son of Amaziah D. and Elizabeth (Shaw) Howe, the former born in Vermont in 1812 and the latter in England in 1816. The Howe family is of English lineage but was established in the Green Mountain state at an early day. Amaziah D. Howe, coming to Cleveland about 1835 or 1836, engaged in the manufacture of sash and doors. He died February 23, 1853, having for a few months survived his wife, who passed away September 8, 1852. She had come to the United States in about 1836 or 1837 with her parents. Reared in Cleveland Captain Howe is today one of the oldest native citizens, and events which are to others matters of history are to him matters of personal knowledge or experience. He attended the Cleveland public schools, completing the work of the grammar grades and spending one term in the high school. He then learned the trade of picture-frame gilding and was employed in that way at the time of the outbreak of the Civil war. The smoke from Ft. Sumter's guns had scarcely cleared away when, on the 17th of April, 1861, he enlisted for active service at the front, assisting in organizing the company that was afterward known as Company A of the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was mustered in as a private April 22, 1861, was promoted to corporal on the 30th of April, was made second sergeant on the 19th of June and first sergeant on the 27th of October, 1861. On the 13th of April, 1862, he was commissioned second lieutenant, on the 11th of November of the same year was raised to the rank of first lieutenant and on the 1st of June, 1863, took command of his company as captain. He served with the regiment for the full term of service and was mustered out at Cleveland, July 6, 1864. The troops received their training at Camp Dennison and later Captain Howe took part in all the battles and campaigns in which his regiment was engaged, including the skirmish at Weston, June 30, 1861; Glenville, July 21, 1861 ; the battle of Cross Lane, August 26, 1861 ; Winchester, March 22-23, 1862; Fort Republic, June 9, 1862; Cedar Mountain, August 9, 1862; Antietam, Maryland, September 17, 1862; Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1862; Chancellorsville, May I, 2 and 3, 1863; Lookout Mountain, November 24, 1863; Mission Ridge, November 25, 1863; Ringgold, November 27, 1863, the Atlanta campaign, from May until June, 1864; the battle of Dalton, .May 8, 1864 ; Rocky Face Ridge, May II; Resaca, May 13-15 ; and New Hope. Church and Dallas, May 25-26, 1864. He was sent with his command to New York to suppress the draft riot, remaining in that city from the 16th of August until the 17th of September, 1863. At L00kout Mountain, Mission Ridge and Ringgold he was on picket duty and at the close of his three years' term of service he was honorably discharged. His own valor and loyalty had been an inspiration to the troops who served tinder him and his promotions came to him in recognition 318 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of merit. He suffered all the hardships of war included in long hard marches and dreary campaigns but was never wounded or captured. At the close of his service Captain Howe returned to Cleveland and reentered the employ of J. W. Sargeant in the picture-framing business, with whom he had been connected before the war. He was thus employed until 1878, when, desirous of engaging in business on his own account, he opened a picture-frame store and subsequently incorporated the firm under the style of the William A. Howe Company, finishers to printers and lithographers. His business is of an extensive character and from the beginning has been a profitable undertaking, owing to the wise management, careful investment and business enterprise of Captain Howe and those whom he has associated with him in the management of the undertaking. On the 17th of January, 1866, Captain Howe was married to Miss Rachel Sage, a daughter of John Sage, a carpenter and builder. They have become the parents of four children. Elizabeth Rachel, born June 29, 1867, married Edward Farrand, who died in December, 1894, leaving a daughter, Rachel, who is living with her mother in Cleveland. William Sage, born June 3, 1870, died July 21, 1892. George Byron, born April 7, 1873, died August 21, 1889. Benjamin W., born in 1878, passed away in November, 1881. Captain Howe has long been prominent in connection with military organizations. At the close of the war he helped to organize the Seventh Regiment Association and the Rooster Club, composed of members of the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He belongs to the Grand Army of the Republic and is past commander of Army and Navy.Post, No. 187. He joined the Military Order of the Loyal Legion in 1892 and on the 30th of June, 1904, was elected a member of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers and Sailors Monument Commission. On the loth of May, 1905, he was elected vice president of the Society of the Army of the Potomac at Manassas, Virginia, and in May, 1906, was elected president of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers and Sailors Monument Commission. He is deeply interested in everything pertaining to the welfare of the Civil war veterans, and his labors have often been effective in promoting their interests. He is also connected with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained the thirty-second degree, and belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, being deeply interested in its movements and plans for the advancement of Cleveland's industrial and commercial progress. Captain Howe has been a member of the Euclid Avenue Baptist church since 1872. Loyalty and reliability have been numbered among his salient characteristics throughout his entire life and have brought him the success which he enjoys and the high respect which is uniformly accorded him. CHARLES T. HAMEISTER. The spirit of progress which has always been characteristic of the Teutonic race has led many of the sons of the fatherland to seek the opportunities of the new world where competition is not so great as in the older European countries and where advancement therefore is more quickly secured. Born in Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Germany, on the 9th of September, 1858, Charles T. Hameister was among those who came to the United States and won success by reason of his ready adaptability and indefatigable energy. He, with his parents crossed the Atlantic in 1865. The vessel was shipwrecked near Nova Scotia, and the passengers landed on that coast. The Hameister family lost everything, and with no means to continue their journey farther the father secured government land which he cleared and developed until he was injured by a falling tree, his death soon afterward occurring. Subsequently Mr. Hameister of this review came to Cleveland with his mother, sister and brother, arriving in 1866. He attended the German Lutheran school HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 319 on West Thirtieth street for seven years and spent one term in the Spencerian Business College, attending evening classes that he might master bookkeeping. When he had thus qualified for the duties of business life he entered the grocery store of Henry Reese, whom he represented as a clerk for a number of years. Later he accepted a position as clerk with the Southward Brothers Wholesale Grocery Company, with which he remained for ten years, on the expiration of which period he went to Cahfornia but spent only six months in that state. His mother becoming very ill he returned to Cleveland, where he continued for four months, when his brother-in-law purchased a farm in Kansas, and Mr. Hameister went to that state, remaining for three years, He then again came to Cleveland and once more entered the employ of the Southward Company, with which he was associated until his death. His long connection with that business stands as an incontrovertible evidence of his ability, fidelity and energy. Thoroughly loyal to the interests of the house, he worked diligently to increase the business and at all times enjoyed the fullest confidence of those whom he represented. Pleasantly situated in his home life Mr. Hameister was married September 20, 1888, to Miss Mary Louise Schulte, a daughter of Henry and Eleanor (Huge) Schulte. Her father cape from Germany with his mother in 1848 and t00k up his abode on the west side of Cleveland. He was a mason by trade and followed that pursuit through the summer seasons while in the winter months he worked in the forests. Later he purchased land and built thereon a family home. He was drafted to service in the Civil war, but being married he hired a substitute, to whom he paid seven hundred dollars, for he felt that his first duty was to his family who depended upon him for support. His death occurred in 1906 when he had reached the age of seventy-five years, his demise resulting from a fall whereby his skull was fractured. In 1866 he had erected a new residence for his family on West Thirty-eighth street and here his widow still survives with other members of the family. Mrs. Hameister was born in 1864 in the old family homestead on West Thirty-third street and has spent her entire life in Cleveland. By her marriage she became the mother of two sons and a daughter: Victor C. H., who was born in 1890 and is in the employ of the National Carbon Works ; Ruth Estella, who was born in 1891; and Walderman Otis, who was born in 1894 and is now in school. Mr. Hameister voted with the republican party, his study of the political questions and issues of the day leading him to the belief that its platform contained the best elements of good government. He belonged to the Trinity German Lutheran church on West Thirtieth street and conformed his life to its teachings. He was much attached to his family, his interests centering in his home, where the best traits of his character were made manifest. Viewed from a business standpoint he was a self-made man, being both the architect and builder of his own fortunes. He worked with indefatigable energy, allowing no obstacle to bar his path if it could be overcome by determined effort, and as the years went by he gained a substantial competence as the merited reward of his intelligently directed labor. HENRY T. HOWER. Henry T. Hower, who was at one time engaged in the real-estate business and was also connected with the accounting department of the well known firm of Hower & Higbee for a few years, later lived retired in the enjoyment of well earned rest. He was born in Medina county, Ohio, in February, 1828, and was educated in the schools of his home county while spending his youthful days upon his father's farm. He early became familiar with the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops, but there was s00n awakened in him a desire to engage in mercantile pursuits, and he withdrew from agricultural lines to give 320 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND his attention to commercial affairs. In 1864 he removed to Cleveland and engaged in the dry-goods business at the corner of Superior and Seneca streets, where he successfully conducted a store for fifteen years. His brother, who afterward became one of the firm of Hower & Higbee, was in partnership with him for a time, and their house was one of the leading mercantile enterprises of this city during that period. After selling out his interests in the dry-goods business Mr. Hower turned his attention to the development and sale of real estate in the east end, where he was making his home at the time and where his family still reside. At length he retired from active life and for a few years prior to his death spent his days in the enjoyment of association with his family and friends unvexed by any business cares. On the 28th of February, 1851, Mr. Hower was united in marriage in Medina county, Ohio, to Miss Romelia Antoinette Beckman, who shared his troubles and pleasures through many years of married life and whose wise counsel often proved of valuable assistance to him. Theirs was largely an ideal marriage relation, for their mutual love and confidence increased as the years went by. They became the parents of two sons and two daughters : Perkins Beckman ; Henry W. B.; Mrs. Cora Taylor, with whom her mother resides and who has one daughter, Antoinette ; and Mrs. Laura Caine, who also has a daughter, Kathryn. Mr. Hower was very public spirited, interested in all that pertained to the city's welfare or was a matter of civic virtue or civic pride. For many years he was a trustee of the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal church, and his life was ever an upright and honorable one. His qualities of friendliness, geniality and deference for the opinions of others were such as t0 make him loved wherever known and most of all where he was best known. His business associates hon0red and respected him for his commercial integrity and reliability, his friends for his faithfulness, and his family for his exemplification of the qualities of an ideal husband and father. His example was one well worthy 0f emulation and his name is now on the honor roll of Cleveland's citizens. WILLIAM CASE NORTH. Macaulay has said that "the history of a country is best told in the lives of its people," and Carlyle writes that "biography is the most universally interesting as well as the most profitable of all reading." The record of William Case North cannot fail to prove of interest to many inasmuch as he was the maker of some of the oldest daguerreotype portraits in Cleveland, when that pioneer step to modern photography was first known. At different times he was associated with other important business and public interests here and therefore left the impress of his individuality upon the growth, development and progress of the city. A native of Kingston, New York, he established his home in Oberlin on his removal to Ohio, and although he resided there for but a brief period, it was during that time that he met the lady whom he made his wife. In 1850 he came to Cleveland and in connection with Messrs. Ryder and Green opened a studio in which they made daguerreotype pictures, their place of business being on the site of the present Wilkshire building. Although the making of a daguerreotype seems very primitive in comparison with the modern and instantaneous processes of photography at the present time, it was a notable step in the field of invention as hitherto a likeness of an individual could only be transferred through painting or drawing. Mr. North continued in this business for years, keeping in touch with the processes that were evolved following the first pioneer steps, and he was one of the first men in Cleveland who ever took outdoor views of the places which were notable in the early history of this city. Subsequently he engaged in the gasoline-stove business, which he carried on successfully for some time. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 323 In public affairs, aside from any business connections, Mr. North was also active and prominent. He was elected a member of the city council and it was a speech which he delivered while a member of that body that was instrumental in the building of the first viaduct. His political allegiance was given to the republican party from the time of its organization and he did all in his power to promote its growth and secure its success. He possessed moreover an inventive turn of mind and perfected several patents. He continued active until his death, his life ever being a busy and useful one. Mr. North was married twice and by the first union had one son, Allen North, who died twenty-seven years ago in Toledo, Ohio. In Oberlin, Ohio, he met and married Miss Anna Mahan, who has been secretary of the Lakeside Hospital for over thirty years. Her father, the Rev. Asa Mahan, was a minister of Cincinnati, Ohio, and went to Oberlin as the first president of the Oberlin College, which position he filled for twenty years, At the time of his death he was making a trip in England and there passed away at the age of ninety years. Miss Sarah Mahan, his daughter, was among the women who did most valuable and efficient work among the soldiers during Civil war times and her name is among those engraven on the soldiers and sailors monument in the public square of Cleveland. Unto Mr. and Mrs. North were born six children : William C.; George Mahan ; Paul ; Charles Asa ; Mrs. Kent, of Kent, Ohio ; and Mrs. Mary Dix Gage. The death of Mr, North occurred on the 9th of March, 1890, when he had reached the age of seventy-four years. He was at one time a member of the First Methodist church but later removed to the south side of the city and assisted in the building of a church of that denomination there, taking a great interest in the same. Christianity was to him more than a matter of profession ; it was a matter of daily living, and his belief found exemplification in his kindly spirit, his generous nature and hs earnest efforts to assist the poor and needy. He was a very charitable man and no tale of sorrow or distress was ever told to him in vain. Many who knew him have reason to bless his memory for his timely assistance in the hour of need. He remained for many years an interesting figure in the life of Cleveland, and wherever known he was honored and esteemed. MAJOR FREDERICK A. KENDALL, U.S.A. Major Frederick A. Kendall, a retired United States army veteran and now general agent for the Penn Mutual Life Insurance Company in northeastern Ohio, was born in Concord, New Hampshire, August 28, 1838. He is a descendant of Francis Kendall, who arrived in New England in 1630 and was prominent in his day. He is likewise a descendant in the eighth generation of Francis Kendall, of Woburn, Massachusetts, who was likewise an influential factor in his community and aided in shaping the colonial history of that time. The family record is equally creditable for military service as representatives of the name were soldiers of the Revolutionary war, the war of 1812 and the Civil war. Through generations the characteristics of the family have been strongly marked and their ability has carried them into important public relations. Major Kendall acquired his preparatory education in Kimball Union Academy at Meriden, New Hampshire, and in 1860 was graduated from Bowdoin College. During his college days he developed a taste for journalism, but at the first call for volunteers for service in the Civil war he put aside all business and personal considerations and enlisted in the army, becoming a private of the Eleventh Indiana Infantry. When his three months' term had expired he joined the Fourth New Hampshire Infantry as lieutenant and remained in the service until the close of the war, having risen to the rank of captain. In 1866 he entered the regular army as second lieutenant and was promoted to first lieutenant in 1867, while in 1879 he became captain. He was on detached service from 1876 until 324 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1880 as professor of military science and tactics at Brooks Military Academy in Cleveland and during the same period was aid-de-camp with the rank of colonel on the staffs of Governors Young and Bishop in the Ohio National Guard. Because of disability Colonel Kendall was retired from the regular army in December, 1884. He was promoted to major on the retired list April 23, 1904, In 1885 he entered the life insurance field as general agent for the Penn Mutual Company for northeastern Ohio, and has achieved marked success in this connection, doing much more business than any other western agent of the com- pany and therefore reaping abundant pecuniary rewards. He was one of the organizers and the first president of the Cleveland Underwriters' Association and assisted in founding the National Association of Life Underwriters in Boston in 1890. After serving on the national executive committee of fifteen for nine years he was elected second vice president at the last convention in Cincinnati, Ohio. His active association with various interests is extensive, and at all times he has been loyal and progressive in citizenship. While never an aspirant for office he has always been a strong member himself and takes keen interest in advancing the growth and success of the republican party. His interest in the public-school system was manifest in his active and effective service as a member of the Cleveland board of education from 1897 until 1901, being president of the board in 1898 and 1899. He was elected a companion of the military order of Loyal Legion by the New York Commandery in 1868 and became a charter member of the Ohio Commandery when it was established in 1883. He has been very active in the order and has assisted greatly in promoting its growth in northern Ohio. In 1896-97 he was junior vice commander of the Ohio Commandery and was elected senior vice commander in May, 1904. He is also a member of the Union and University Clubs of Cleveland, the Army and Navy Clubs of Washington and New York city, and in 1909 was elected president of the New England Society of Cleveland. It was in 1864 in Milford, New Hampshire, that Major Kendall was married to Miss Virginia N. Hutchison, and unto them have been born five children: Nathan, a graduate 0f Dartmouth College ; Florence A., the wife of Hermon A. Kelley ; Katherine P., deceased ; Susan E., the wife of Walter S. Root ; and Hayward H., a graduate of Cornell University. All are residents of Cleveland. Major Kendall is a large, athletic man, well preserved and active although he has reached the Psalmist's allotted span of three score years and ten. His friends, and they are many, know him as a cultured, refined gentleman, dignified and courteous, with much of the military in his bearing, while at the same time he has the alert, enterprising spirit of the successful business leader. JOHN JAMES RICKARD MACLEOD. John James Rickard Macleod, M. B., Ch. B., D. Ph., whose various degrees are indicative of his scholarship and his qualification for responsible professional service, was born in Dunkeld, Scotland, September 6, 1876. His father, the Rev. Robert Macleod, is a minister of the church of Scotland and is still active in his chosen life work at Aberdeen at the age of sixty-seven years. The mother, Mrs. Jane (McWalter) Macleod, is still living. After attending the grammar schools of Aberdeen, Scotland, Dr. Macleod continued his studies in Aberdeen University and was graduated therefrom in 1898 with the degrees of M. B. and Ch. B. As a class honor he received the Anderson traveling scholarship and went to Leipsic and Berlin where he spent over a year in the study of physiology. He next entered the London Hospital where he acted as demonstrator of physiology for about four years. Meanwhile he obtained the MacKinnon scholarship for research from the Royal Society and took the D. Ph. degree at Cambridge, England, in 1902. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 325 Dr. Macleod came to Cleveland in September, 1903, to accept the position of professor of physiology in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, which position had been proffered him and which chair he has since filled. His duties here are purely of an educative character and mostly in the line of research work concerning physiology and physiological chemistry. Dr. Macleod has become a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, the American Physiological Society, the American Society of Biological Chemists, the Society of Experimental Biology & Medicine, and the British Physiological Society. Since coming to Cleveland he became a member of the Nu Sigma Nu. He is also the author of the chapters on Biochemistry in Practical Physiology, which was published by Edward Arnold in London in 1902 and is now in its third edition. He also wrote the chapters on Haemolysis, Metabolism of Purins and of Carbohydrates in Recent Advances in Physiology, edited by Leonard Hill, F. R. S., 1906. He is also joint author with Dr. H. D. Haskins of Organic Chemistry, published by I. Wilie & Sons, New York, in 1907. He has been a contributor to various medical journals, including a series of articles on Experimental Glycosuria in the American Journal of Physiology, and also articles on Caisson Disease, Chemistry of the Carbamates, and the Metabolism of Purin Bodies. On the 22d of July, 1903, Dr. Macleod was married in Paisley, Scotland, to Miss Mary McWalter, a daughter of the late Robert McWalter, of that city. Mrs. Macleod is an artist of merit and is prominent in the art circles of Cleveland. They reside at No. 10910 Ashbury avenue. Dr. Macleod is a lover of golf, which constitutes his chief source of recreation. He belongs to the University Club and to the Second Presbyterian church. Since coming to America he has won recognition as one whose scholarly attainments and research place him with the eminent medical educators of the county. J. V. DAWES. In the list of men who have now departed this life but who were once active and influential factors in the business circles of Cleveland is found the name of J. V. Dawes, who won success and also the unqualified esteem and confidence of his business associates and colleagues while he was the secretary and treasurer of the Garfield Savings Bank. He had become identified with business interests in September, 1887, and so continued until his demise. He was born in Cummington, Massachusetts, on the 30th of May, 1870, and represented a family who were among the earliest settlers of New England. Charles W. Dawes, the father of our subject, was connected with agricultural pursuits throughout his entire life, with the exception of a period which he spent in the service of his country during the Civil war, being on active duty in the south through the greater part of that peri0d. He married a daughter of P. Bates, who was also a descendant of New England pioneers, and they became the parents of three children, two of whom remain residents of the Old Bay state. J. V. Dawes, who was the second in order of birth, spent his boyhood and youth on his father's farm and was educated in the country sch00ls. His final school work was obtained in the Cummington high school, from which he was graduated at the age of seventeen years. Believing that he would have better business opportunities in the middle west he then came to Cleveland in 1887 and here remained until his demise. He was at first connected with the Cozad, Belz & Bates Abstract Company and continued in its service until his election as secretary and treasurer of the Garfield Savings Bank Company, on the 1st of July, 1892. The hank was at that time a new institution, having recently been established with a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars all paid up. From the beginning the success of the bank was assured, for at its head were men of well known reliability and business enterprise. 326 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND The efforts of Mr. Dawes contributed in no small degree to the growth and prosperity of this institution, and he became recognized as a valuable figure in financial circles, honored and respected by all because of his thorough understanding of the banking business, his reliable methods and his spirit of undaunted and honorable determination. Mr. Dawes was married in Cleveland on the 3d of June, 1891, to Miss Helen H. Fay, the daughter of Byron and Eliza A. (Williams) Fay. They had two children, Byron F. and Dorothy. Mr. Dawes continued in the bank up to the time of his demise and was regarded as a very thoroughgoing, conservative and reliable business man. H. Clark Ford often said of him that he would rather trust Mr. Dawes' judgment concerning a piece of real estate than that of any other man he knew. He never gave an equivocal expression of an opinion but said straight out what he thought, basing his ideas upon a thorough understanding of the subject under discussion. His political allegiance was given to the republican party, and he regarded it as the duty as well as the privilege of citizenship to support the men and measures that he believed would constitute agencies for the country's welfare. He was a very active member of the Congregational church on Euclid avenue, and while business interests made heavy claims upon his time and attention he did not allow his financial interests to exclude active participation in work for the moral progress of the community. His name stood as a synonym for commercial integrity, and his entire life conformed to a high standard of commercial ethics. ADDISON HILLS. The life record of Addison Hills covered almost the entire nineteenth century, beginning with the 6th of April, 1807, and extending to the 7th of May, 1898. He was born in Enfreld, Hartford county, Connecticut, and was a descendant of William Hills, who in 1632 settled in Roxbury, Massachusetts, while subsequently he became a resident of Hartford, Connecticut. Jedediah Hills, the father of Addison, was in the prime of life when he became a resident of Painesville, Ohio, arriving in June, 1814, accompanied by his family. His life evidenced many characteristics of sterling worth, and he became prominent and influential in the business circles and public life of the community in which he passed his life. While living in Painesville he creditably filled the offices of postmaster and justice of the peace. Addison Hills was a youth of seven years when the family came to this state, and when a young lad of thirteen he began his business career, making his initial step as clerk in a general mercantile store. While thus employed he gained a good knowledge of the business, thoroughly familiarizing himself with the methods of the mercantile world. Gradually he worked his way upward until his increased salary and his careful expenditure enabled him, at the age of twenty years, to engage in business for himself. In 1832 he was appointed the first recorder of Lake county, of which Painesville was the county seat, and proved a competent and trustworthy official in that position. The year 1835 chronicled his forceful activity in various lines relating to the public welfare. It was in that year that he became one of the incorporators of St. James Protestant Episcopal church, and throughout his entire life he remained an influential factor in the work of moral development in the communities in which he lived. It was also in 1835 that he assisted in organizing the Painesville & Fairport Railroad and in the same year he became president of the Bank of Geauga. He was one of its organizers and aided in founding a substantial moneyed concern which was continued under original name for over half a century and is now known as the First National Bank of Painesville. From 1840 until 1844 Mr. Hills conducted a warehouse business at Fairport, Ohio, and in the latter year removed to Buffalo, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 329 where he entered the employ of Kimberly, Pease & Company, who were conducting an extensive commission business. During his later years, however, his activities were most largely directed along the line of railway traffic and management, and as early as 1834 he became auditor of the Painesville & Fairport Railroad. Later he entered the service of the Erie Railway Company at Dunkirk, Ohio, in. 1852 having charge of the company's business in that place and in other districts. This position, with all of its responsibilities, he capably filled, and his broadening experience in railway lines qualified him for further responsibility. In 1855 he came to Cleveland to take charge of the local freight business of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Railroad and of the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad Company. He afterward became general freight agent for both roads, having supervision of the freight business at the same time. He thus continued until 1858 when the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula and the Cleveland & Toledo lines were consolidated under the name of The Lake Short & Michigan Southern Railway. At that time Lucien Hills, a son of Addison Hills, was appointed general freight agent of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway. Addison Hills was made general freight agent of The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company and the Northern Indiana Railroad Companies, both of which companies are now operated under the name of The Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company. Mr. Hills continued as such general freight agent and so remained until 1881, when he was appointed assistant general manager of the road. On the 1st of December, 1886, further promotion came to him in his appointment as assistant to the president of the road, and he was retained in that connection until he passed away. It is interesting to recall the fact that as a railroad traffic man he was the first to conceive the idea of and put into practice in the early days the most important and useful plan now in universal use of transferring loaded cars from one railroad to another without unloading the contents of the car. Mr. Hill's first marriage was in 1828 to Miss Emily Tracy, daughter of Rufus Tracy, of Springfield, New York. She died in 1835, leaving two children, Lucien and Emily Malvina. Lucien married Miss Mary Andrews, only one of their children, Mrs. E. A. Foote, of Bratenahl, surviving. On June 6, 1836, Mr. Hills was again married, his second wife having been Olivia Prudence Tracy, sister of his former wife. Of this marriage two children were born, Eliza Tracy and Albert E. Of his children only one survives him, Miss Emily M. Hills. She is a member of the Poets Club of Rome and has published several volumes of her poetic writings, which have received much praise. She has been an extensive traveler and much interested in fine art. Mr. Hills continued his residence in Cleveland until called to his final rest on the 7th of May, 1898, at the age of ninety-one years. He was a member of Trinity church, and his life was in harmony with his profession. He possessed a most charitable and kindly nature, was devoted to the welfare of the city in which he made his home and was never neglectful of his obligation to his fellowmen. A long, upright and useful life was brought to a quiet close and left a memory which is enshrined in the hearts of those who knew him and may well serve as an inspiration to those who have regard for all that is best and most honorable in the activities of life. JAMES M. HAMILTON. James M. Hamilton, well known as an architect, was born in Fort Wayne, Indiana, June 27, 1876. He is a son of Allen and Celia (Fink) Hamilton, and while spending his boyhood days under the parental roof he pursued his education in the public schools, passing through consecutive grades until he was graduated from the high school with the class of 1894. His professional training was received in 330 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Boston, where he pursued a special course in architecture and thus became well qualified for the duties that have since devolved upon him. In 1901 he came to Cleveland and spent the years 1903-4 in foreign travel, making extended study of continental architecture and gaining many valuable ideas, which he has brought to practical use in following his profession since his return to his native land. On again reaching Cleveland he became identified with Meade & Garfield, architects, and has proven a valuable and important factor in this firm's organization. He is very thorough and systematic in everything that he undertakes, and, brooking no obstacle that can be overcome by determined and persistent effort, he has made for himself a creditable name as a representative of architectural interests in Cleveland. Mr. Hamilton is independent politically yet is not remiss in the duties of citizenship and in a quiet way exerts his influence along the lines of general advancement, reform and improvement. He belongs to the Hermit Club and to the Second Presbyterian church. Outdoor sports awaken his interest and participation, and he also finds delight in recreation in books, of which he is very fond, many of his leisure hours being spent in reading. His taste, therefore, is somewhat literary, and yet he is also an alert, energetic business man who is making steady progress in his chosen field of labor. JOSEPH HENRY SNOW. Joseph Henry Snow, deceased, was numbered among the veterans of the Civil war, although but seventeen years of age at the time of his enlistment. In the latter years of his life he became a well known representative of general insurance in Cleveland, and the success which he won enabled him to spend his last days in honorable retirement from labor. He was a direct descendant of John White, who came to the Massachusetts Bay colony from England between the years 1630 and 1636. He was then a wealthy and prominent Englishman and in the new world became a large land and cattle owner. Born on the 7th of May, 1843, at Batchellerville, New York, Joseph Henry Snow was a son of Joseph Lysander and Fannie E. ( Jones) Snow, of Batchellerville, New York The father was a school teacher there and when his son Joseph was a lad of eleven years removed to Albany, New York, where for some time he filled a position in the comptroller's office. Joseph Henry Snow pursued his early education in the schools of his native state and in 1854 accompanied his parents to Albany, where he continued his studies for several years. Ambitious to obtain further education he worked his way through Albany College, and at the age of sixteen years he left home and went to Huron, Ohio, where he accepted a p0sition in a country store. He spent six or eight months there and then returned to the Empire state. He was but seventeen years of age when at Gloversville, New York, he enlisted for service in the Civil war, responding to the country's call for troops on the 19th of August, 1861, when he was enrolled as a member of the One Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment of New York Volunteers. He was connected with the army for three years but did not do active duty in the field of battle, his service being that of correspondent for the company and regiment. After the war he entered the Farmers and Mechanics Bank of Albany and for six years remained in that employ as bookkeeper and cashier. It was in the year 1872 that Mr. Snow came t0 Cleveland, settling on Church street with his family, after which he entered the stove business in connection with his brother-in-law, J. J. Parsons. Four years thus passed, and the firm became involved in the widespread financial panic and was forced to discontinue business. Mr. Snow then accepted a position as bookkeeper for the Cleveland Box Company, with whom he continued for a year, and then entered the insurance HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 331 business, acting as treasurer for the Equitable Life Insurance Company for six years. In 1894 he became connected with the Masonic Mutual Insurance Company, succeeding W. D. Folsom as manager. Nine years passed in that connection, and he then retired from active business in 1903, but he could find no pleasure in absolute leisure and therefore continued in business to a limited extent in his own home. On the 24th of January, 1866, in Huron, Ohio, Mr. Snow was married to Miss Anna E. Smith, a daughter of Reuben and Lucretia (Fox) Smith. The father came from Hartford, Connecticut, and was a well known lake captain, sailing between Huron, Cleveland and Buffalo. The mother was a representative of a prominent old family of Fredonia, New York. Simeon Fox, the grandfather of Mrs. Snow, served in the Revolutionary war and lived to enjoy the fruits of liberty for a long period, spending his last days in Fredonia, New York. The children of Mr. and Mrs Snow are : Charles Joseph, secretary of the Bruce-McBeth Engine Company, of Cleveland, who was born in Albany in 1867 and married Marie Knauff, of Cleveland, by whom he has two children, Wallace J. and Lois K.; George A., a court stenographer of Cleveland, who was born in Albany in 1869 and married Georgiana Hunt, of Boston, by whom he has one child, Dorothy A.; Fannie, who passed away at the age of three years ; Frank who died when nine months old ; and Edith, born in Cleveland in 1878, who became the wife of Lloyd Wellington Sanborn, connected with the Bruce-McBeth Engine Company, by whom she had two children, Katherine and Marjorie S., of whom the first named is now deceased. In his political views Mr. Snow was a stalwart republican and kept well informed on questions and issues of the day. He held membership in the First Congregational church, and his life was an adequate expression of the Christian faith and belief. He closely followed the teachings of Him who came not to be ministered unto but to minister, was kindly in action, generous in spirit and charitable in his judgments. He also exemplified in his life the beneficent spirit of the Masonic fraternity and stood high in Masonic circles, holding membership in Forest City Commandery, K. T., in the Consistory and in El Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He possessed a wonderful memory, so that the lessons of life proved of value to him. His example shows what may be accomplished by determined and enterprising spirit, for he was a self-made man who, without special advantages at the outset of his career, won success as the years went by through the wise use of the opportunities that came to him. His friends appreciated his loyalty, his city benefited by his support of progressive public measures, and his business associates honored him for his commercial integrity. But his best traits of character were reserved for his own home and fireside, and when he was called to his final rest August 18, 1906, his death was deeply deplored by all with whom he came in contact but mostly by those of his own household who suffered the loss of a loving and devoted husband and father. CHARLES S. BEARDSLEY. Charles S. Beardsley, a successful attorney of Cleveland, conducting a practice in the various courts of the city, was born in Buchanan, Michigan, November 12, 1875. His father, Solomon L. Beardsley, who was a manufacturer there, died March 17, 1906, while the mother, Mrs, Martha (Foster) Beardsley, is still living. After acquiring his education in the public schools of Kalamazoo, Michigan, Charles S. Beardsley engaged in teaching in the district schools, between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one years. He also devoted one year to a special course of study in Kalamazoo College. Afterward he spent three years in the literary and law departments of the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, 332 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND completing the law course by graduation m 1899, at which tune he received the Bachelor of Law degree. Corning at once to Cleveland Mr. Beardsley was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1900 and to practice in the United States courts in 1902. He entered upon his professional career here in the law office of Bentley & Vickery and a year. later entered upon general practice alone. When another year had passed he formed a partnership with R. M. Morgan, that has since continued. He has never specialized in any particular line but has continued in the general practice of law with a comprehensive knowledge of all departments of jurisprudence. He never fails to give careful preparation and seems to possess a natural discrimination as to legal ethics, while in the presentation of his cases .he never fails to recognize the main points at issue. On the 4th of June, 1904, in this city, Mr. Beardsley was married to Miss Ada Malloy, a (laughter of John D. Malloy, of Cleveland. They are members of the Emmanuel Episcopal church, and Mr. Beardsley gives his political allegiance to the republican party. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is interested in its various movements for the benefit and welfare of the city. He holds membership in the Cleveland Bar Association and in more specifically social lines is connected with the Athletic Club, the Indiana Society and the Westwood Golf Club, golf furnishing his principal source of recreation. Modest and retiring in disposition, quiet and reserved in manner, he has nevertheless through his genuine worth of character gained a firm hold on the friendship of many with whom he has been brought in contact. WALTER CHARLES BAKER. Walter Charles Baker is the president of the American Ball Bearing Company, the largest enterprise of its kind in the United States. This position he has attained within the comparatively short space of fourteen years for it was in 1895 that he completed his school course and made his initial step in the business world. He was born in Hinsdale, New Hampshire, June 27, 1868. His mother, Mrs. J. R. Baker, is still living in Cleveland. Her maiden name was Jeannette R. Hall, and she is a native of Brattleboro, Vermont. In the Green Mountain state, in 1859, she married G. W. Baker, and they became the parents of a son and a daughter, Walter C., and Ida, now the wife of Frank Cody, a business man of Canada. Mrs. Baker was one of the charter members of the Dorcas Society of Cleveland and has been very active in the organization up to the present time. Walter C. Baker largely acquired his education in the public schools of Cleveland, becoming a resident of this city in 1870. He also attended the Case School of Applied Science, pursuing a course in mechanical and civil engineering and after leaving school entered the railway service, becoming connected with the engineering department of the Valley Railroad. He acted for a short time as chief engineer and then returned to school, completing his course with the class of 1890. For three years thereafter he was engaged in civil engineering and on the expiration of that period entered the service of the Cleveland Machine Screw Company as assistant engineer, being the assistant to John J. Grant for one year. In 1895 he organized the American Ball Bearing Company and became its first president. In this connection he has given his attention to the manufacture of many new and original devices and in 1899 produced the first Baker Electric Vehicle. He served until 1906 as the vice president and mechanical engineer of the Baker Electric Vehicle Company. The American Ball Bearing Company, to which he now largely gives undivided attention, is the largest institution of the kind in the United States, producing a general line of ball-bearing parts for all makes of automobiles. He is also the president of the Matthews Boat Company, of Port Clint0n, Ohi0. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 335 Mr. Baker is identified with several organizations which draw their membership from the ranks of those who are prominent in engineering circles. He is a member of the Engineers' Club of New York and also of the Civil and Electrical Engineers' Club of Cleveland. He is interested in the city, its adornment and its improvement, through the promotion of its commercial and industrial interests, in his membership in the Chamber of Commerce. He belongs to the Union Club, to the Cleveland Athletic Club, to the Automobile Club and to the Lakewood Yacht Club, His pohtical allegiance is given to the republican party and his religious faith finds expression in his attendance at the Unity church. Mr. Baker was married October 27, 1891, to Miss Fannie E. White, a daughter of Rollin C. and Elizabeth (Warren) White, of Cleveland. Mrs. Baker is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown School and is well known in the art and musical circles of the city. She is also interested in the affairs of the Unity church and its charities, is intersted in the Children's Fresh Air Camp, and does active service in connection with other benevolences. Mr. and Mrs. Baker reside at Clifton Park, and a motor car adds much to their pleasure in leisure hours. Mr. Baker is also fond of yachting, sh00ting and fishing and served for a time as vice commodore of the Lakewood Yacht Club. Moreover, he is greatly interested in scientific instruments, of which he has a fine collection. His interests have never been so exclusively confined to one line as to produce an abnormal development in that direction but have covered a wide range, making him a well rounded man who wields a wide influence in the various lines of activity, social, musical and commercial, to which he directs his energies. MOSES A. CRAIG. Moses A. Craig, who in 1907 was chosen to the dual position of secretary and treasurer of the Bankers Surety Company, is among Cleveland's business men who have come from the south. He was born in Knoxville, Tennessee, September 10, 1874, his parents being Samuel A. and Mary (Williams) Craig, natives of Knoxville. His maternal grandfather, Moses Williams, was widely known as an iron manufacturer, becoming superintendent of the Cleveland City Forge Company, in which capacity he served for many years, In both the paternal and maternal lines Moses A. Craig represents old American families and from more remote ancestry come the mingled strains of English and Scotch bl00d that flow in his veins. In the public schools of Knoxville and in the University of Tennessee M0ses A. Craig pursued his education and was graduated on the completion of the classical course in 1892. He then went to Terre Haute, Indiana, and accepted a clerical position in the office of the county clerk. At the same time he became local representative at Terre Haute for the Bankers Surety Company of Cleveland and did such excellent work in their employ that he was induced to come to this city and was made superintendent of agents at this point. Here he gave further demonstration of his ability in the careful management of the interests which were entrusted to his care succeeding his promotion and again he was advanced in his election to the position of secretary and treasurer in 1907. For two years, therefore, he has been one of the chief executive officers of the company and, having acquainted himself with every phase of the business, studied the possibilities for success and wrought out new plans for its expansion, has thus proven himself a valuable asset in the company's management. Pleasantly situated in his home life Mr. Craig was married in 1906 to Miss Sarah Dickinson, a daughter of J. R. Dickinson, of Huntington, Indiana. Mrs. Craig holds membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution and is a lady of social nature, presiding with gracious hospitality over her home. Mr. Craig belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club, to Terico Lodge, F. & A. M., of Terre Haute, Indiana, and to Cleveland Lodge, No. 86, B. P. O. E., in which he takes an 336 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND active interest. He votes with the republican party, but the honors and emoluments of office have no attraction for him. A genial disposition and attractive traits of character have made him a favorite of those with whom he comes in contact, while his innate talents and powers have brought him to his present creditable position in financial circles. GEORGE N. SHERWIN. Among the men whose activities have contributed to the substantiality of the banking interests in Cleveland is George N. Sherwin, assistant cashier of the First National Bank. He was born in this city, March 20, 1871, a son of N. B, and Martha (Kidder) Sherwin. The father was a prominent attorney of Cleveland, who also filled the position of postmaster here and represented the district in the state senate. After completing the high-school course in Cleveland George N. Sherwin attended the Western Reserve University and was graduated from the academic department in the class of 1892. His business record had its beginning in the service of the Lake Shore Railroad Company, three years being spent by him in the auditing department. This brought him comprehensive knowledge concerning the management of business affairs, especially in the frnancial departments, and he then accepted a position as receiving teller in the Park National Bank. On the consolidation of that institution with the Euclid Avenue National Bank he was made assistant cashier of the Euclid Park National, the resultant organization. He has ever made it his purpose thoroughly to understand and master every task intrusted to him and thus laid the foundation for his advancement, his broadening experience and his undaunted energy constituting the forceful factors in his business progress. He is also a director in the Sheriff Street Market & Storage Company and one of its stockholders. In 1901 Mr. Sherwin was united in marriage t0 Miss Florence W. Jones, a daughter of Judge James M. Jones, and they have one child, Martha Leland, who was born in April, 1907. Mr. Sherwin is a member of the Union, Hermit, University, Country and Tavern Clubs, spending many pleasant hours there in the companionship of congenial fellow members. He exercises his right of franchise in support of the men and measures of the republican party and devotes much of his leisure to outdoor sports, being recognized as an authority on tennis and acting as referee in the championship games of Cleveland. He is public spirited in his devotion to the citizens' welfare and his interest therein finds tangible manifestation in his cooperation with many movements that have been effective forces in the city's growth, improvement or adornment. LEONARD FRANKLIN BURGESS. The salient interests in the life of Leonard F. Burgess were threefold. Business, politics and philanthropy divided his time, and in each he held to high standards and labored for continuous improvement. He was born in Cleveland. January 27, 1823, and was therefore among the oldest of her native sons when on the 6th of April, 1902, he was called to his final rest. His father, Almon Burgess, came by canal and wagon to Cleveland from Vermont in 1819 and spent his remaining days in this city, passing away, July 12, 1873. His wife was Betsy Hill, a native of Massachusetts, and their children were Almira, Clarissa, Eliza, Solon, and Leonard F., now deceased. During the youthful days of Leonard F. Burgess the winter seasons were devoted to the attainment of an education in the village schools and through the summer months he did such work as he could secure and thus from an early HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 337 age was dependent entirely upon his own resources. He was still quite young when he accepted a clerkship and through that avenue gained much business experience. In 1843, when a young man of twenty years, he went to Massillon, Ohio, with a small stock of groceries, but competition and lack of capital caused him to close out his business and return to Cleveland. He afterward spent some time in Milwaukee, but again came to his native city and entered the employ of S. L. & M. H. Petrie. In the fall of 1848, still ambitious to engage in business on his own account, he purchased a stock of goods from L. L. Beardsley and was shortly afterward joined in a wholesale enterprise by Solon Burgess, an elder brother, under the firm style of L. F. & S. Burgess. The latter remained with the house for a long period but retired some time prior to his death, which occurred about twelve years ago. The business was owned and conducted solely by L. F. and S. Burgess until 189o, when George K. and T. W. Ross were admitted to the firm, and the name was then changed to Burgess & Ross, while later it became Ross, Sprague & Company, William Sprague, a nephew of Mr. Burgess, being admitted to the firm at that time. For many years Mr. Burgess remained at the head of this undertaking, which by reason of his capable direction, executive force and the ability which he displayed in gathering around him an able corps of assistants, became one of the leading mercantile enterprises of the city. Ile thus advanced from a humble to a prominent position in financial circles, and as his resources increased he utilized his means for the benefit of others as well as himself. On the 1st of September, 1853, Mr. Burgess was married to Miss Renda L. Lyon, who survived her husband for about seven years, passing away in March, 19o9. The only member of the family now living is a daughter, Miss Anna Burgess. In public hfe Mr. Burgess was prominently known, having been connected with numerous institutions of importance in the life of the community. He belonged to the Early Settlers' Association and gave his political allegiance to the republican party, for which he was always an earnest and indefatigable worker. He served as one of the directors of the workhouse for a number of years and at one time was president of the board. He was likewise the president of the Humane Society and treasurer of the Children's Aid Society, and was greatly interested in charitable and benevolent work. He acted for some years as a trustee in the Third Presbyterian church, and throughout his life he sought opportunities of doing good to his fellowmen, both in ways of individual assistance and in cooperation in measures for the general good. CHARLES A. McDONALD. Charles A. McDonald, secretary of the James Mullins Coal Company, was born in Allegheny city, Pennsylvania, on the 4th of April, 1862. His father, Duncan McDonald, was a native of Wellsville, Ohio, and a son of Angus McDonald, who was born in Scotland and was a wholesale grocer. Duncan McDonald died in 1867 at the age of fifty-two years. The mother of our subject bore the maiden name of Mary Ann McCullough and was a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Nesley) McCullough. Charles A, McDonald was educated in private sch00ls of his native city prior to 1878, when he entered Worcester University, pursuing a philosophical course. He left college, however, before the time of graduation and took up the reading of law, but did not complete his studies in that direction. He became instead interested in the coal business in 1883 in connection with the James Mullins Coal Company in the capacity of salesman. He has remained in active connection with the company to the present time and in 1906 was elected its secretary, having active charge of the Cleveland branch of the business. He has made his 338 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND home in this city since 1902, and in him are recognized the salient, forceful qualities that mark the man of enterprise and determination. He is now regarded as one of the representative business men of the city, handling his interests with the accuracy that comes from broad knowledge and experience, while his laudable ambition prompts him to reach out along new lines that promise large success. On the 13th of January, 1895, Mr. McDonald was married to Miss Minnie L. Carrothers, daughter of James and Ida (Price) Carrothers, of Mansfield, Ohio, and they now reside at No. m0m Lamont avenue. Mr. McDonald finds his recreation in outdoor sports and is interested in all manly athletics. He belongs to the Coal Club and the Hermit Club in this city and has attained high rank in Masonry, being a Knight Templar of the Commandery and thirty-second degree Mason of the Consistory and a Noble of the Mystic Shrine. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, and he keeps well informed on the questions and issues of the day, especially those vital problems which concern the trade relations of the country. In matters relating to the municipal welfare he occupies a progressive stand, manifest in his cooperation with many movements for the public good. ALBERT D. ERNNE. The life record of Albert D. Ernne, whose name appears on the list of Cleveland's honored dead, is another illustration of the fact that in a land, unhampered by caste or class, success may always be attained by persistent and intelligently directed labor. Mr. Ernne came from across the water to seek his fortune m the new world and, greatly embracing the opportunities that offered, he worked his way steadily upward until he reached a creditable and gratifying position in commercial circles, being for many years closely associated with the jewelry trade of Cleveland. A native of Switzerland, he was born in Zurich on the 26th of June, 1836, and pursued his education in the schools of that country. At the age 0f eleven years he began to learn the watchmaker's trade under the direction of an uncle and after a time became so expert that he could make every part of a watch, At the age of twenty years he went to England and engaged as manager of a watch factory there, his ability contributing to the reputation which Switzerland has always enjoyed as the home of the most efficient and expert watchmakers that the world has produced. Thinking to find still better business opportunities in the new world Mr. Ernne crossed the Atlantic in 1871 and at once came to Cleveland, where he entered the employ of Mr. Crittenden as a watchmaker and repairer. He was thus employed for eighteen years, during which time he had charge of their business. He then engaged in the jewelry and watch repair business for himself, opening a store at No. 94 Euclid avenue, where he continued for about ten years. When the colonial arcade was built he was the first person to open a store there and in the ensuing years he built up an extensive business, He was known as one of the best watchmakers of the country, and watches which were made m Switzerland were sent to him from all parts of America to be repaired. His ability was of an expert character and he not only built up an extensive trade in the line of watch repairng but also as a jewelry merchant, carrying a large and well selected line of jewelry and precious stones. At the time of his death he had in his possession a watch every piece of which he had made when only a boy. Mr. Ernne was married to Miss Mary Burt, of Fort Wayne, Indiana, whose parents, however, were married in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Ernne had one daughter, Josephine R. He was a man very domestic in his tastes, devoted to the welfare of his family and finding his greatest happiness at his own fireside. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 341 He gave his political allegiance to the democracy and was a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity. He was greatly interested in charitable work and was president of Concordia Lodge, a German benevolent society. His kindly spirit prompted him to respond readily to every tale of sorrow or distress and to put forth every effort to alleviate trouble. In business circles he was known as a man of the utmost reliability, energetic and determined, and his commercial probity and honor gained him the unqualified respect of those who knew him. Mr. Ernne died very suddenly, just as he was closing his place of business to return home, on the 14th of January, 1909. His death brought a sense of personal bereavement to many friends for he had gained the kindly regard and good will of all with whom he came in contact, and enjoyed the close companionship 0f many with whom his association was of a more strictly social character. For years the family home was at No. 1567 Crawford road. OSCAR JOHN THEODORE SCHULTZ, M.D. Oscar John Theodore Schultz, who is identified with the medical department of the Western Reserve University as lecturer on pathology and protozoology, was born in Mount Vernon, Indiana, on the 28th of September, 1877. His father, Dr. Oscar Theodore Schultz, was a native of Silesia, Germany, and when a boy accompanied his parents on their emigration to the new world, the family home being established in Evansville, Indiana. Later he took up his abode in Mount Vernon, that state, where he was actively and successfully engaged in the practice of medicine until called to his final rest in 1890, when forty-two years of age. He contributed extensively to current medical literature, giving special attention to diseases of the lungs, more particularly pneumonia. His father was likewise a physician by profession, and the family has been represented in the medical fraternity for five generations. Robert Schultz, an uncle of Dr. Oscar T. Schultz, was sanitary councilor at Frankfort-on-the-Main. The mother of our subject, who bore the maiden name of Louise Pfeffer, was born in Buffalo, New York, of German parentage. Her demise occurred in 1903, when she had attained the age of fifty years. Her father, John Pfeffer, was a prominent business man of Mount Vernon, Indiana, and took an active part in the municipal affairs of that city. Oscar John Theodore Schultz, whose name initiates this review, obtained his education in the public schools of his native city and was graduated from the high school there in 1893, winning third honors in his class. In the fall of 1893 he entered the University of Indiana, and at the end of four years the degree of Bachelor of Arts was conferred upon him. In May, 1898, he enlisted as sergeant in Company B of the One Hundred and Sixty-first Indiana Volunteer Infantry and served in General Lee's corps at Havana until mustered out on the 1st of April, 1899. In the fall of that year, having determined upon the practice of Medicine as a life work, he entered Johns Hopkins Medical School at Baltimore and was graduated from that institution in June, 1903. Immediately afterward he came to Cleveland as resident pathologist to St. Vincent's Charity Hospital, thus serving for one year, when he took a six months' post-graduate course in zoology at Columbia University of New York city. Subsequently he acted as demonstrator of pathology and protozoology in the medical department of the Western Reserve University, was made instructor in those branches in the fall of 1906 and since the fall of 1908 has been lecturer on those subjects. From the 1st of January, 1907, until the 1st of January, 1909, he served as secretary of the section of experimental medicine of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, and was a member of the Sixth International Dermatological Congress held in New York in September, 1907. He belongs to the American Association of Pathologists and Bacteriologists, the Ohio State Medical Society and the Sigma Nu, a national 342 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND fraternity. He has been a frequent contributor to current medical literature on pathological subjects and has written extensively on the etiology and pathology of syphilis and dermato-pathology, while at the present time he is working on the biology of tumor cells. Research, investigation and experience are constantly broadening his knowledge and promoting his efficiency, and, although still a young man, he has already gained enviable recognition in the ranks of the medical fraternity of Cleveland. On the 15th of August, 1906, at New York city, Dr. Schultz was united in marriage to Miss Irene Throop, a daughter of George S. Throop, who was formerly an agent of the West Shore Line at Chicago but is now a resident of Brooklyn. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Schultz have been born two daughters, namely: Kathryn Louise, two years old, and Louise Irene, who is in her first year. They reside at No. 6719 Lucerne avenue and are highly esteemed wherever known. HORACE FORD. Horace Ford, wh0 in all that he did was actuated by a spirit of Christianity, while his business record was furthermore characterized by the diligence and enterprise which led to his success, was born in Cummington, Hampshire county, Massachusetts, October 22, 1822. His parents were Cyrus and Clarisa (Whit- marsh) Ford, both of whom were also natives of Cummington. In the year 1837 the father accompanied by his son Horatio, made the journey by sleigh from Massachusetts to Ohio, and he and his wife visited relatives in Michigan during the winter and then located in Massillon, Ohio. There he turned his attention to the cultivation of mulberry trees and the raising of silk worms. On account of illness he removed to Cleveland in 1841 and here hatched one million, five hundred thousand silk worms but never succeeded in getting a cocoon, the reason for this being attributable to an unfavorable climate. Failing in this venture he turned his attention to other pursuits and in the fall of 1844 purchased one hundred acres of land on the north side of Euclid avenue, paying eighteen dollars per acre for the property. It was upon that farm that Horace Ford remained until his demise. The father also bought one hundred acres at the same time on Mayfield street south of the Garfield monument, for which he paid sixteen dollars per acre. In 1852 he gave the farm to his son Horace but resided thereon until his death, which occurred in 1864, when he was seventy-four years of age. His wife survived him for about a decade and died in 1874, at the age of eighty-two years. In their family were six sons : Horace; Horatio C., who died in 1876 ; Henry; Francis ; Lewis W.; and George, who died in infancy. The parents and two of their sons, Horace and Horatio, were charter members of the Euclid Avenue Congregational church. Horace Ford was a youth of fourteen years when the family came to Ohio. In the period of his early manhood he worked on the farm during the summer months and in the winter seasons engaged in teaching school. In October, 1846, his district introduced the graded-school system, after which he was engaged to teach a school in the eastern part of the city. He was thus identified with educational interests until 1851, when his health failed, and thinking that outdoor life and exercise would prove beneficial, in 1852 he took charge of his father's farm, on which he paid a debt of sixteen hundred dollars. In 1865 he turned his attention to market gardening and in this branch of his business met with substantial success. He sold forty acres of the Hill property for one thousand dollars an acre, in April, 1891, for the rapid growth and development of the city had brought about a demand and substantial rise in realty values. In 1852 Mr, Ford was united in marriage, and by that union there were five children, of whom two, Ida and James, are now deceased. Those who still survive are: Mary, the wife of Jesse B. Fay, an attorney of Cleveland, by whom HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 343 she has two sons, Horace and Thomas ; Nellie L., the wife of J. W. Alton, by whom she has one son, George ; and Arthur H. The wife and mother passed away in 1877, and in February, 1880, Mr. Ford was again married, the lady of his choice being Miss May C. Hovey, a daughter of P. Hovey, of Cleveland. Her death occurred in December, 1883, and Mr. Ford afterward wedded Miss Eliza Talbot, a daughter of J. T. Talbot, of Cleveland. Her father took up his abode in Geauga county, Ohio, and afterward in 1831, removed to Lake county, where he was engaged in the furniture business. Later he retired from active life and removed to Cleveland, where he lived quietly in the enjoyment of well earned rest, save that he gave his attention in slight measure to building operations. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Marguerite Brown, removed from Massachusetts to Geauga county, Ohio, in 1816. Her father, Robert Brown, was a farmer, justice of the peace and influential citizen of that county. He also did considerable building, including the erection of some churches which are still standing in the locality. His father, Robert Brown, came to the west by following the blazed trail from Connecticut. In ante bellum days Mr. Ford, who was a stanch advocate of the abolition cause, acted as a conductor on the underground railroad. He was always opposed to oppression, to intemperance, and in fact to all that is detrimental to the development of the highest type of manhood. From 1841 until his death he engaged in teaching a class in the Sunday school, and the words of wisdom which he spoke sank deep into many hearts and in due course of time brought forth rich fruit. In 1853 he was appointed a deacon in his church, and he also served as secretary of the Bohemian Mission board from its organization until his demise. He was a representative of one of the oldest and most favorably known families in the city, and his own record reflected credit and honor upon an untarnished family name. He died May 28, 1885, at the age of sixty-one years, and thus was brought to a close a life of industry, which was at all times commendable because of the principles which constituted the guiding forces in his career. JOSEPH WELLSTED. Joseph Wellsted, to whom success came as the result of earnest labor, close application and intelligent direction of his energies, was born in Rye, Sussex county, England, June 3, 1817, his parents being James and Emily (Foster) Wellsted, who were also natives of the same place. The father there followed farming and gardening. Spending his boyhood days in his parents' home, Joseph Wellsted pursued his education in the public schools until eleven years of age, when the family crossed the Atlantic to America, settling near Utica, New York, in 1828. For several terms thereafter he continued to attend school and later made his start in life as a farmer, leasing a tract of land which he continued to cultivate until 1837. In that year he came to Cleveland as a young man of twenty years and learned the carpenter's trade. He was ambitious and industrious, and, saving his money, he was soon enabled to purchase a lot and build thereon a house, which he continued to own up to the time of his death. He prospered as the years went by, and, seeing advantageous opportunities for investment in property, he continued to purchase lots and erect houses, which he would then sell to good advantage. As a speculative builder and real-estate dealer he continued in the business to the time of his demise. In the course of his life he handled much valuable property and in this way contributed not a little to the growth and upbuilding of the city. His operations were of larger extent and greater importance as the years passed by, and in his last days he turned over to his son Joseph a business of goodly proportions and bequeathed also to him a name and reputation that remained untarnished through all the years. 344 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Wellsted was married twice. He first wedded Margaret Howell, of Utica, New York, and to them were born three children, Thomas, John and Louisa, but all are now deceased. The two sons served as soldiers in the Civil war. On the loth of January, 1881, Mr. Wellsted was married to Miss Emma L. Eager, a daughter of Marcus and Acha (Barber) Eager, of New Jersey, who came to Cleveland in 1870. The father had followed farming and had also engaged in the hotel business in the east, but in Cleveland lived retired. Mrs. Wellsted was born in New Jersey, May 3, 1858, and came to this city with her parents in 1870. By her marriage she became the mother of one son, Joseph T., who was born in 1882 and is now engaged in the real-estate business as his father's successor. In politics Mr. Wellsted was a republican with firm belief in the principles of the party, but with no desire for office as a reward for party fealty. He held membership in the Second Presbyterian church and was a man of upright life, generous to his family, kindly to his friends and just in all his relations with his fellowmen. Coming to Cleveland in the days of its villagehood he recognized and utilized the opportunities of the growing city and as the years passed made his labors not only a source of benefit to himself but also a factor in the substantial improvement of Cleveland. SAMUEL CURTIS BROOKS. Samuel Curtis Brooks, wh0 was engaged in business as a contractor and builder of Cleveland, passed away in this city August 16, 1898. He had reached the seventy-eighth milestone on life's journey, f0r his birth occurred in Carlisle, Ohio, July 4, 1820. His paternal grandfather was a soldier of the Revolutionary war, serving throughout the period of hostilities with the mother country that led to the establishment of American independence. The parents of our subject were Samuel and Sophia ( Johnston) Brooks, who came from Berlin, Connecticut, in 1819, and located in Carlisle, Ohio. The father was a farmer by occupation and one of the pioneer residents of his section of the state. He built the first log house at Carlisle, which sheltered the first train of emigrants, numbering thirty, that arrived in that district. For many years Samuel Brooks continued his residence there but spent his later life in Elyria. Samuel C. Brooks assisted his father on the farm during the period of his boyhood and youth. He pursued a part of his education in a private school in Elyria and afterward went to Cincinnati, Ohio, to study architecture in preparation for the profession. At intervals he worked in order to meet his expenses and when he had gamed wide knowledge of the scientific principles which underlie the work of the architect he returned to Elyria and began a contracting and building business in connection with his brother Henry. They were associated until 1852, after which Mr. Brooks came to Cleveland and here entered the field of contracting and building. A few years later his brother followed him and they again joined forces under the firm style of Brooks & Company, contractors and builders. They continued in business until 1892 and then retired, Samuel C. Brooks thus terminating an association of forty years with the building interests of the city. Many of the substantial structures of Cleveland stand as monuments to his enterprise, skill and business ability and as the years passed he won substantial success, acquiring a handsome competence that enabled him in his last days to rest from further labor. In his political views, Mr. Brooks was a republican and served as a member of the city council while in Elyria. He built the first workhouse in Cleveland and was one of the first workhouse commissioners, being associated with the late Harvey Rice, William Edwards, J. H. Wade and George H. Bent. He also built the high school on East Fifty-fifth street and the dome of the cathedral on HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 347 Superior street. There are many other notable evidences of his skill and handiwork, for as an architect, contractor and builder he stood prominent in this city. On the 10th of October, 1847, occurred the marriage of Mr. Brooks and Miss Emily N. Clark, the wedding being celebrated in Chaplin, Connecticut. Mrs. Brooks is a daughter of William and Laura (Grosvenor) Clark, the former of Windham county, Connecticut, and the latter a descendant of the Duke of Westminster, England. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Brooks were born four children, but all have now passed away. Mrs. Brooks survives her husband, and her grandson, Arthur De Witt, of the Brooks Company, makes his home with her. Mr. Brooks was a member of the Second Presbyterian church and a man of upright, honorable purpose, well educated, resourceful and energetic. In all of his dealings he was thoroughly reliable and he was a popular and valued member of the Old Settlers' Association. For nearly half a century he made his home in Cleveland and in the line of his profession became closely associated with its substantial improvement. His business probity was above question and at his death he left not only a comfortable competency but also an untarnished name. HOWARD C. BRADLEY. His ability to correctly solve intricate business problems, his undaunted enterprise and his strong determination have brought Howard C. Bradley into important relations with numerous business concerns which have been features in making Cleveland the great industrial and commercial center of the southern shore of Lake Erie. Born in Birmingham, Erie county, Ohio, June 3, 1845, he is descended from an old Connecticut family that came originally from the north of England in early colonial days. His father, Albert C. Bradley, a native of Connecticut, removed to Ohio about 1835, locating in Trumbull county, while subsequently he removed to Birmingham, where for many years he engaged in the manufacture of carriages and wagons. Subsequently turning his attention to agricultural pursuits, he removed to a farm, which he continued to cultivate until a short time prior to his death, when he retired. He died at Rock Creek, Ohio, January 5, 1891, at the age of seventy-one years, while his wife survived until 1907 and passed away at the advanced age of eighty-four. She bore the maiden name of Almira Hart and was a representative of an old New England family, her parents removing from Connecticut and becoming early settlers of Trumbull county, Ohio. Howard C. Bradley passed his boyhood days at Farmington, Trumbull county, and after mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools, attended the Farmington Seminary, completing his education by a course at Oberlin, Ohio. He made his entrance into the business world in connection with mercantile interests at Warren, Ohio, where he was employed in a store until 1870, in which year he became a merchant at Foxburg, Clarion county, Pennsylvania. He was also engaged in the oil business there during the period of the active development of the oil fields in that state. In 1879 he returned to Warren, Ohio, where he again engaged in merchandizing as a member of the firm of Kirk, Christy & Company until the spring of 1891, when he came to Cleveland. During the latter part of his residence in spring he was also associated with the lumber trade, and thus his interests were continually expanded. Watchful of opportunities pointing to success, he believed that he would have better advantages in a larger city, and on his arrival in Cleveland he engaged in the brick business as secretary, treasurer and general manager of the Standard Brick Company. He is now junior partner of the firm of Bartwill & Bradley, brick manufacturers, and from time to time he has put forth activity in other directions until his ramifying interests now cover a wide scope. Soon after reaching Cleveland he became president of the Advance Lumber Company, which position he still fills. He has since become the vice president of the H. C. Christy Company, wholesale grocers, joining the corporation on its or- 348 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ganization in 1899. He is likewise the president and one of the directors of the Warren Hardware Company, president of the Warren Stove Company, manufacturers of steel ranges, and interested in various other enterprises. His connection with any undertaking insures a prosperous outcome to the same, for it is in his nature to successfully accomplish any task to which he sets himself. While residing in Warren, Ohio, Mr. Bradley was married in June, 1875, to Miss Mary Christy, a daughter of Rev. Mathias Christy, of Newton Falls, Ohio, long since deceased. Mrs. Bradley is a member of the Euclid Avenue Christian church and is active in the various departments of its work. They had two children, but the son, Albert, died in 1878 when but one year old. The daughter, Alma C., a graduate of Smith College and active in literary circles, is now the wife of Professor J. H. Rush, one of the faculty of the University School of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Bradley reside at No. 1935 East Seventy-ninth street in a residence which was remodeled in 1901 by Mr. Bradley. He also owns considerable other real estate in Cleveland and is interested at all times in the various measures contributing to the social, business and municipal progress of the city. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is a member of the Builders' Exchange, of which he was formerly president. He is a member of the Gentlemen's Driving Club and has attained high rank in Mansonry, having taken the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He holds membership relations with Old Erie Lodge, No. 3, A. F. & A. M., at Warren, Ohio, Warren Commandery, No. 39, K. T., the Cleveland Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He votes with the republican party and in a quiet way works for its interests but has never been publicly active in political lines. He has preferred to concentrate his energies upon his commercial and industrial interests and has earned for himself an enviable reputation as a careful man of business, being known in his dealings for his prompt and honorable methods, which have won him the deserved confidence of his fellowmen. EMANUEL H. STRASS. Emanuel H. Strass is conducting an extensive business as an importer and wholesale dealer in wines and liquors under the name of L. Kahn & Company. His business interests extend to several corporations and make heavy demands upon his time, yet he finds opportunity for the cultivation of those graces of character which leisure allows and for the mental development which conies through wide and varied reading. He is known as an author of no inconsiderable note and has appeared before the public in many addresses that have attracted widespread interest. Emanuel H. Strass was born in Buffalo, New York, November 29, 1851. His parents were Albert and Rebecca Strass, of Bavaria, Germany. The former was born February 12, 1809, came to America in 1840 and was identified for a long period with mercantile interests m Buffalo, New York, but retired from active business life in 1870. While spending his boyhood days in his father's home Emanuel H. Strass pursued his education in the public schools, but at the early age of thirteen years began providing for his own support as a clerk in a country store at Dunkirk, New York. He came to Cleveland in 1875 and accepted a position as canvasser with the Cleveland City Directory Company. Later he entered the employ of Joseph Halle as a clothing salesman and after one year secured a position in the wholesale liquor house of Ullman, Einstein & Company, with whom he remained for twenty-two years, working his way upward through intermediate positions to that 0f manager. His ability and trustworthiness is clearly evidenced in his long connection with that firm, and his retirement was felt as a distinct loss when in June, 1897, he resigned to engage in business on his own account. At that time he bought the wholesale liquor house of L. Kahn & Company at No. 1875 Erie street with the use of their HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 349 name for twenty-five years. This was one of the oldest firms in the business, and he is still conducting the enterprise under the name of his predecessors. Several years were spent in the old quarters, after which he removed to his present location at No. 1325 Euclid avenue. Here he has one of the most complete wholesale, importing, retail and bottling wine and liquor establishments in the state, employing many men and making shipments throughout the entire country. His business has reached extensive proportions and now returns to him a very substantial annual income. He has also extended his efforts into other fields of business activity and is the vice president of the Merchants Banking & Storage Company, a stockholder in the Cleveland Trust Company, vice president of the Euclid Building Company and a director in the Wine & Spirits Association. In 1892 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Strass and Miss Rose Redelsheimer, a daughter of David Redelsheimer, a prominent merchant of Monroeville, Indiana, who was a veteran of the Civil war and a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. Mr. and Mrs. Strass have two children, Rena Clarice and Albert Edgar. In politics Mr. Strass is independent but is not remiss in the duties of citizenship, feeling much pride in Cleveland and giving active and helpful cooperation for its upbuilding and adornment in many ways. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is also identified with various fraternities, holding membership in Cleveland Lodge, F. & A. M., Cuyahoga Lodge, I. 0. 0. F. ; the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; the Fraternal Order of Eagles ; the Knights of Honor ; the Washington Lodge of the Knights of Pythias ; the B'nai B'rith ; and the Commercial Travelers. He has held offices in nearly all these organizations and is recognized as a prominent and exemplary member. He is much' interested in literature, finding delight in the prose and poetic writings of all ages and has done not a little in this line himself. He has delivered many addresses before different societies and associations. His poetry is of real merit and has been published in various newspapers and magazines. He was the second president of a literary society known as the Young Mens Jewish Association of Cleveland. which existed between the years 1875 and 1880. He has delivered several public addresses at the Huron Street Synagogue at the Old Temple, and his address Footprints of Advancement and his poem on Liberty have been widely quoted, while his addresses on Fashion, Odd Fellowship, Women's Influence, False Education and his poem on Creation have been largely copied. His reading has covered a very wide range, and his mind, therefore, is enriched with the best writings of present-day authors and those of the past. MICHAEL ALBERT ALBL, M.D. Dr. Michael Albert Albl, a prominent and successful representative of the medical fraternity in Cleveland, where he has been actively engaged in practice since 1892, was born in this city on the 8th of October, 1869. His father, Michael Albl, a native of Bohemia, came to the United States in 1850, locating in Cleveland, where he was engaged in the grocery business until the time of his retirement from active life. He has now attained the age of sixty-eight years and still makes his home in this city, being well known and highly esteemed as one of its most respected and worthy residents. Public spirited to a marked degree, he has taken an active part in matters pertaining to the general welfare and at one time served as a water-works trustee. At the present time he is a director of the Broadway Savings & Loan Company. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Katherine Pech and was likewise a native of Bohemia, passed away on the l0th of November, 19o1, when fifty-eight years of age, her death being occasioned by pneumonia. Dr. Albl of this review was the second in order of birth in a family of seven