(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 401 phases of government. A warm personal friend of Major William McKinley, during the Major's campaigns Mr. Morgan took his men from the factory, about six hundred in number, and held meetings to promote the interests of the party's standard bearer. Death came to him on the list of June, 1905, in the wreck of the Twentieth Century Limited, at Mentor, Ohio, at which time Mr. Wellman, an officer of the Wellman, Seaver & Morgan Engineering Company, was also killed and a double funeral was held. In a review of the history of Mr. Morgan it must be seen that he was a natural leader of men. He seemed to know intuitively how to secure the cooperation of those with whom he came in contact and to coordinate forces into a unified and harmonious whole. Thoroughness characterized him in all that he did and led to his mastery of every, department of the line of work to which he directed his energies. As the years passed he made steady progress and at length became one of the recognized leaders in a field of labor which has had important effect upon the iron trade of the country. THOMAS F. FERRY. Thomas F. Ferry, known throughout the United States in mechanical circles as the inventor and patentee of various valuable devices, and more intimately associated with the industrial interests of Cleveland as the vice president and general manager of the Ferry Cap & Set Screw Company, was born in Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, October 15, 1870. His father, Thomas C. Ferry, was born July 15, 1812, in Chestershire. England, a son of Thomas Ferry, Sr. He remained a resident of his native land until 1840, when he came to America, settling at Hudson, Summit county, Ohio, where he followed farming and stock-raising. He was a Methodist in religious faith and a liberal supporter of the church. He married Isabella Stewart, who was born in 1830 and died in 1877, while he survived until 1891. In the public sch00ls of his native town Thomas F. Ferry pursued his education to his graduation from the high school with the class of 1886. He afterward entered the employ of the Falls Rivet & Machine Company as a machinist's apprentice, serving a three years term of indenture, when, with thorough knowledge to supplement his native talents along that line, he came to Cleveland and entered the employ of the National Screw & Tack Company, taking charge of their tool department. He remained with that company for seventeen years, passing through various departments and serving during the latter portion 0f the time as superintendent, his ability being evidenced by his successful promotions. In the meantime he was always working and experimenting on different mechanical devices and invented and perfected numerous machines for making screws. Some of his patents are now incorporated in practically every machine in use in this class of work at the present time. In 1906 he joined I. P. Lamson and W. C. North in organizing the Ferry Cap & Set Screw Company with a capital of one hundred thousand dollars, and from the beginning he has served as its vice president and general manager. A modern plant was erected and equipped with machinery, controlled exclusively by the company, while their product is used largely in high-grade machinery and much of it in the manufacture of automobiles, having a world-wide sale. The business is developmg rapidly into one of the city's important manufacturing industries, its success being the direct result of the value of the products manufactured and the principles of business probity which govern the firm. On the 29th of May, 1893, Mr. Ferry was married to Miss Catherine Agnes Dean, a daughter of Mrs. Margaret Dean, of Cleveland. Mrs. Ferry is much interested in the Children's Fresh Air Camp and various other charities and benevolences which appeal to the humanitarian spirit of the public. By her marriage she has become the mother of a son and daughter: Edward William, who 402 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND was born May 20, 1895, and is now attending the Central high school, and Margaret Isabella, born July 6, 1898. They reside at No. 2254 East One Hundredth street, and Mr. Ferry employs his leisure, aside from the hours spent with his family and in business, in hunting, fishing and motoring. He is also especially fond of baseball. He belongs to the Manufacturers', Superintendents' and Foremen's Club. His fraternal spirit finds expression in his membership with the Knights of Pythias lodge, his religious faith is evidenced in his connection with the Episcopal church, and his political belief is indicated in his support of the republican party. A rare combination of inventive genius, executive ability and faculty for organization and management constitute the most pronounced elements in his business career and have brought to him the gratifying and merited reward of labor. WILLIAM FRANCIS GOLTRA. William Francis Goltra, tie agent of the New York Central Lines, was born in Kankakee county, Illinois, on the 3d of December, 1861. His father, Clarkson K. Goltra, who was a native of New Jersey, was the first locomotive engineer who ran a train 0ver the Illinois Central Railroad in 1852, being thus employed until accidentally killed on that road in 1865. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Elmira Perrault and was of French descent, passed away in 1893. Both the paternal and maternal grandparents of our subject were pioneer settlers of Illinois, taking up their abode in that state in 1851 and 1852. William Francis Goltra pursued his studies in St. Viateur's College near Kankakee until seventeen years of age and then entered the University of Illinois, where he completed a course in civil engineering in 1883. In January, 1884, he entered the service of the Lake Erie & Western Railroad at Bloomington, Illinois, as clerk in the office of the chief engineer and purchasing agent. He received various promotions from time to time as his worth and ability became recognized, serving as engineer of maintenance of way, purchasing agent and secretary to the vice president and general manager of the Lake Erie & Western Railroad. In December, 1887, the office was removed to Indianapolis, Indiana, and there Mr. Goltra remained until 1901, when he came to Cleveland as chief clerk of the purchasing department of the Lake Erie & Western, acting in that capacity until January, 1907. At that time he became chief clerk of the purchasing department of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, the Lake Erie & Western and other allied lines. In November, 1907, he was appointed tie agent of the New York Central Lines, having charge of the purchase and inspection of cross ties of the New York Central Lines west of Buffalo. The number of ties purchased for the various lines for maintenance amounts to about three million, six hundred thousand each year-sufficient to lay twelve hundred miles of track. These all have to be inspected under his supervision, and he directs the labors of a force of about thirty-five men in this connection. The expenditure for ties and inspection amounts to nearly two and a quarter million dollars annually. Mr. Goltra has confined his attention to his railroad work and in this field of activity has won a most enviable reputation as well as a creditable measure of prosperity. He speaks French fluently and has found his knowledge of the tongue to be of great assistance to him in his work. In 1905 he was appointed a delegate to the International Railway C0ngress at Washington, which was conducted in the French language. On the 12th of June, 1888, at Bloomington, Illinois, Mr. Goltra was united in marriage t0 Miss Annie Laura Rust, a daughter of George W. Rust, of that city. They now have three children, namely : Fay, who was born in 1890; Pearl, whose birth occurred m 1893 ; and Perry, born in 1895. Mrs. Goltra is very active in social circles, being a member of the Sorosis Club, the Women's HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 403 Protective Health Association and various other women's clubs both in this city and elsewhere. She is likewise the president of the Women's Aid Society of the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal church. Mr. Goltra belongs to the Colonial Club and the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite, also is a Knight Templar, and is likewise a member of various engineering and purchasing agents' associations. Religiously he is identified with the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal church. He resides with his family at No. 1940 East Nmety-third street and has an extensive circle of friends in this city, having gained the warm regard and esteem of all with whom business or social relations have brought him in contact. WILLIAM DABNEY. William Dabney, now deceased, was for many years actively and successfully identified with agricultural and dairying interests in this part of the state. His birth occurred in Bristolville, Trumbull county, Ohio, on the 19th of June, 1839, his parents being Ebenezer and Martha (Kincaid) Dabney. The paternal great-grandfather of our subject was Ebenezer Dabney, whose demise occurred in early manhood. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Betsey Gardner, was a native of Connecticut. Their only child, Nathaniel Gardner Dabney, was born in Boston, Massachusetts, about the year 1770 and was provided with excellent educational advantages. Being possessed of considerable means and desirous of seeing the western country, he went to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and later made -his way to Youngstown, Ohio, where he purchased a large tract of land. In 1797 he wedded Miss Mary Keifer, the daughter of an agriculturist residing in Pennsylvania, and the young couple began their domestic life upon the Ohio farm. Nathaniel G. Dabney passed away on the l0th of August, 1815, after an illness of six weeks' duration, and his remains were interred at Youngstown, Ohio. His farm was divided among his children, who were six in number, namely: Betsey, Mary, Sophia, Gardner, John and Ebenezer. The last named became the father of William Dabney of this review and was successfully engaged in general agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career. Both he and his wife were devoted and consistent members of the Methodist church. William Dabney, whose name initiates this review, obtained his education in the district sch00ls of his native town but at an early age put aside his textbooks and went to Mecca, Trumbull county. There he gave his attention to the cultivation of a small farm which he had bought, but as time passed by and his financial resources increased, owing to his well directed energy and capable management, he gradually extended his holdings by additional purchase until he owned three hundred acres of rich and productive land. In addition to his agricultural interests he was also engaged in the dairy business and in both undertakings met with a gratifying and well merited degree of prosperity. He continued to reside on his farm until the time of his death and when he was called to his final rest on the 16th of November, 1907, the community mourned the loss of one of its most respected, substantial and enterprising citizens. On the 17th of October, 1859, Mr. Dabney was united in marriage to Miss Lorinda De Camp, a native of Trumbull county, Ohio, and a daughter of Harvey and Isabelle (Musgrove) De Camp, both of whom were born in Mahoning county, Ohio. The father became one of the pioneer settlers of Champion, Trumbull county, and there cleared a tract of land for farming purposes. The paternal grandfather of Mrs. Dabney was drafted for service in the war of 1812, but hostilities had ceased before he was called to the front. Mr. and Mrs. Dabney became the parents of two children, as follows: Charles, who was born in 404 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND 1861 and passed away in 1903; and William, whose natal day was February 17, 1865, and who for the past twenty-five years has been a resident of Cleveland. He is prominently identified with many enterprises here and elsewhere and is well known as a successful business man and progressive citizen. Mr. Dabney was a stalwart advocate of the men and measures of the democracy and a prominent factor in the local ranks of the party, serving as a member of the democratic central committee. He likewise acted as a school director for many years, and the cause of education always found in him a stanch champion. Fraternally he was identified with the Independent ,Order of Odd Fellows, while m religious faith he was a Methodist, belonging to the church of that denomination at Mecca. Upright and honorable in all the relations of life, he well merited the kindly regard and esteem which were so uniformly tendered him. ADAM FUHRMAN. Adam Fuhrman, one of Cleveland's oldest residents, passed away December 1902. He had reached the venerable age of ninety years, his birth having occurred in Bergstatt, Germany, on the Rhine, December 6, 1812. He came to Cleveland, August 1, 1850. He had previously been a government forester and had served in the German army in accordance with the laws 0f that land. At length he determined to enjoy the opportunities and freedom 0f the new world and on the 1st of August, 1850, arrived in Cleveland, where he engaged in the produce business. For years he conducted an enterprise at No. 101 Woodland avenue, in the course of which he accumulated considerable wealth. He always resided on the south side and during the war lived in sight of Camp Cleveland, where so many soldiers of the state received their military training. On June 24, 1844, Mr. Fuhrman was married to Miss Barbara Helmer, who was born in Germany. The wedding was celebrated in Trippstadt, Germany, and they began their domestic life in their native land, where they lived for six years, and then determined to come to America. Unto them were born four children. Charles, the eldest son, who was connected with the Cleveland Saw Mill Company, died at the age of fifty-seven years. He had been a graduate of the Central high school, also of the Spencerian Business College and was a member of St. Augustine church. In politics he was a republican. Mary M. became the wife of Fred Minges and they have four children : Matilda, a graduate of Notre Dame school of Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin; Jessie B., who is a graduate of the same school; Leo K., who attended the university at Montreal, Canada ; and Walter, who was a pupil in the common and high schools of Rochester. John B. Fuhrman, educated in the common schools, became a coal merchant on the south side and married Carrie Wagner, a native of this city; by whom he has five children : Clarence, Russell, Almeda, Florence and Jennette, all of whom are in school. Anna, who attended Ursuline Convent for many years, is an artist of ability and probably has one of the finest art rooms in the city, adorned with many fine works from her own brush. She owns the largest Florentine frame that was ever imported into the United States and probably has one of the finest private collections of such frames in this country. She is a charming hostess, cordial and agreeable to those who visit her to see her art collections and work. One of the delights of Mr. Fuhrman's life was children. There are living on the s0uth side grown men who owe their first inspirations in life to his kindly treatment. It used to be a familiar sight in the early days to see him driving to market with a wagonload of children. His own children were the recipients of devoted attention and they grew to manhood and womanhood knowing nothing but the kindest care. Mr. Fuhrman was a remarkable man in the preservation of his vital forces and activities. He never knew what illness was and even to the moment of his death experienced no pain and suffering, for he passed quietly away in a peaceful sleep while HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 409 sitting in a chair. He used to say the street cars were made for lazy people and healthy persons should walk, and such was the course of life which he marked out for himself and always followed. He was known as a reliable and enterprising business man and never had occasion to regret his determination to come to America, winning here a goodly measure of success which came as the merited reward of his labor. He was a communicant of St. Michael's church and his funeral services were held by Rev. J. M. Koudelka, pastor of that church. His widow, who survived him for some time, has since passed away in Cleveland. The family is an old and prominent one here, its members occupying a leading position in social circles. DEMALINE LEUTY. Among the names around which centers the financial history of Cleveland is that of Demaline Leuty. The records show that he has long been closely, prominently and helpfully connected with banking interests and at the present writing, he is one of the vice presidents of the Citizens Savings & Trust Company. The improvement of opportunities in the line of straightforward and honorable effort has led to his success. Born at Mayfield, Ohio, on the 9th of November, 1835, he is a son of Isaac and Mary (Demaline) Leuty, both of whom were natives of England. Immediately after their marriage they came to America, locating in Mayfield, Ohio, about 1830. The father conducted a general store at Gates Mill until 1847, when he removed to Lexington, Michigan. Both passed away at Port Hope, Michigan, where he had engaged in business in mercantile lines, in the lumber trade and in the operation of a sawmill. The son spent his boyhood in Mayfield to the age of twelve years and during that period was a pupil in the public schools, but when fourteen years of age he began work in his father's sawmill in Lexington, Michigan, giving his time to that labor and to work in his father's store until sixteen years of age. He next entered the employ of the late John L. Woods, a lumberman who owned a general store at Lexington, in which Mr. Leuty continued for a year. He next became associated with W. R. Stafford and C. Haywood, proprietors of a general store in Lexington, remaining there as an employe for four years and afterward as a partner until 1865. In the meantime the firm extended the scope of its activities, becoming extensively engaged in the lumber business. In 1865, however, Mr. Leuty withdrew from that business connection and came to Cleveland, where he established a lumberyard under the firm name of Stafford, Haywood & Leuty, continuing in the lumber business until 1878, when the firm was dissolved. A few months later Mr. Leuty became associated with H. R. Newcomb and his father, 0. P. Newcomb, in the wholesale lumber business. This venture proved highly successful, and in the spring of 1883 they sold out and began the organization of a banking business afterward known as the Savings & Trust Company. They made their start in a residence known as the Benedict home on the north side of Euclid avenue opposite Sheriff street. There the business was conducted for two years, but in the meantime the company bought land at the corner of Euclid and Hickox street and erected the building now occupied by the Union National Bank, into which they moved in May, 1885. At the time of the organization of the company Mr. Leuty was made a vice president and, upon the retirement of C. G. King in 1893, he was elected president, in which position he continued until 1903, when, because of ill health, he resigned and spent some time in travel. At that time the Savings & Trust Company and the Citizens Savings & Trust Company consolidated, and Mr. Leuty was elected vice president and, though not officially supposed to perform any duties or take active part in the work, he has made his headquarters at the bank and is at his desk just as regularly during business hours as any employe. Now at the age of seventy- 410 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND four years he still continues this practice, except during the coldest months, when he leaves the city and goes south in search of a warmer clime. He is still very active and well preserved, and, aside from his connection with the Citizens Savings & Trust Company as vice president, he is still a, director and member of the finance committee or the executive board. He continues to work because it is the habit of his life and he does not enjoy idleness or sports. He was one of the trustees of the city sinking fund, a director in the Guaranty, Title & Trust Company, is interested in the Brown Hoisting & Conveying Company and is a stockholder in several of the national banks and trust companies in Cleveland. In January, 1868, at Lynn, Massachusetts, Mr. Leuty was married t0 Miss Sarah Frances Vennard, who died March 7, 1901. Their only child died in infancy. For twenty years Mr. Leuty has made his home at No. 3900 Prospect avenue. He has long given stalwart support to the republican party and for years has attended St. Paul's Episcopal church. He has attained the Knight Templar degree in Masonry and is also a Noble of the Mystic Shrine, while his membership relations also extend to the Chamber of Commerce and the Union and Roadside Clubs. He is a most courteous gentleman of the old school, whose genuine worth has gained him the high place which he holds in the regard of his fellow citizens. SAMUEL EDISON PUTNAM. Cleveland has drawn a notable number of her enterprising business men from Canada-young men who have come across the border to enjoy the better business opportunities of the United States, where competition is greater, but where success is more quickly secured. Samuel Edison Putnam arrived in Ohio in 1880, being then a young man of twenty-one years. He was born in Vienna, Canada, May 2, 1859, his parents being Mulford M. and Elizabeth J. (Edison) Putnam. The father, a native of Penn Yan, Yates coumty, New York, was born in 1814 and died in 1891. His wife was a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Yokum) Edison. In the public schools of his native city Samuel E. Putnam pursued his education until such time as he engaged with his father in the lumber business. They were together associated in that undertaking until the son reached the age of twenty-one years and then sought the freedom and appreciation of the rapidly developing middle west. In 1883 he came to Ohio, settling at Lorain, where he engaged with his uncle, S. 0. Edison, in the lumber business, there remaining for four years. He then sought the still broader opportunities offered by Ohio's metropolis and came to Cleveland, where he was engaged in the wholesale grocery business for four years. He then returned to the lumber trade, becoming traveling representative for Haywood & Company, with whom he continued for four years, after which he accepted a similar position with Fisher, Wilson & Company. He continued somewhat in the same line when he entered the service of the Cleveland Sawmill Company. Later he became a member of the J. M. Hastings Lumber Company, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and continued in connection therewith until ill health compelled him to abandon his labors for a short period. Returning to Cleveland with health improved he then joined Hunter Savidge in organizing the firm of Putnam & Savidge, since which time he has been actively engaged in conducting an extensive wholesale business in hardwood and building material. His long identification with the lumber trade has brought him knowledge that is now of good value to him in the conduct of his own enterprises. He has become an excellent judge of lumber, keeps informed concerning all phases of the trade and is thus able to give to his patrons that which they demand. The business is enjoying a healthful gr0wth, and while the methods of the firm are progressive they are tempered by sound judg- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 411 ment on the part of Mr. Putnam and his associate, Mr. Savidge, both of whom are practical, thoroughgoing and systematic business men. On the 10th of May, 1893, Mr. Putnam was married to Miss Gusta Engel, a daughter of William Engel, of Meadville, Pennsylvania, and they have one child, Harw00d E., who is with them at their home at No. 1494 Grace avenue in Lakewood. Mr. Putnam enjoys fishing and hunting, to which he devotes many of his leisure hours. He belongs to the Lumbermen's Club, votes the national republican ticket and gives generous support to the Episcopal church, which he attends. The salient features of his life are such as are regarded as vital elements in that type of manh00d which in every land and clime awakens respect and admiration. EDWARD Y. MOORE. Ambitious to advance in his chosen field of labor, Edward Y. Moore has contributed largely to the success of the Chisholm & M00re Manufacturing Company, who have reached the top in their line as the most extensive manufacturers of portable hoisting machines in Cleveland. He was born on Long Island, New York, September 17, 1847. His ancestry is distinctively American in its direct and collateral lines, since John Moore became the founder of the family in America. He landed at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1640 and in 1670 removed thence to Long Island, where he erected the dwelling in which Edward Y. Moore was born. The old house is still standing, one of the most ancient of the landmarks of that locality. His descendants for seven generations lived in this house and were prominent and wealthy land owners of that district, A number of the family were active as soldiers of the Revolutionary war. Samuel H. Moore, the father of Edward Y. Moore, was born on Long Island, May 29, 1822, and was a son of John and Martha (Manwaring) Moore. Edward Y. M00re pursued his education in the public schools of New York city and in the Flushing Institute, Long Island, and put aside his text-books in order to enter the commission business in New York city, with which he was connected for nine or ten years. In 1873 he removed to Chicago, where for fifteen years he was engaged in the iron business. Later he became connected with manufacturing interests in Milwaukee, where he operated for ten years, and in 1897 he came to Cleveland, where he organized the Chisholm & Moore Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of hoisting apparatus and malleable iron castings. They have a plant thoroughly equipped with modern machinery, and the reliability of the products of the house secure a ready market and good prices. On the organization of the company Mr. Moore was chosen its vice president and has held that position continuously since. They are now one of the two or three most extensive manufacturers of portable hoisting machines in America. They manufacture under patents, which are inventions of Mr. Moore, who possesses not only the executive ability that enables him wisely to direct the interests of the company, but also marked mechanical ingenuity, whereby the success of the house has been materially advanced. On the 16th of December, 1880, Mr. Moore was united in marriage to Miss Jane Forsyth Armistead, a daughter of George and Jane (Forsyth) Armistead, of Florence, Alabama, the father being a wealthy planter of that state. Mr. and Mrs. Moore have become parents of three children: Samuel H., vice president of the Republic Belting Company; Janet A., the wife of Howard S. Williams, president of the Man-Sherwood Supply Company; and Margaret E., who is with her parents in their home at No. 1896 East Eighty-fourth street. Mr. Moore is interested in fishing and bridge whist, when leisure gives him opportunity for the enjoyment of those interests. He belongs to St. Paul's Episcopal church and votes with the republican party at elections where national issues are involved. 412 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Otherwise his ballot is cast regardless of party ties in the interests 0f good citizenship and municipal honor and integrity. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and manifests a public-spirited devotion to the general welfare. In more strictly social lines he is connected with the Union, Euclid and Mayfield Country Clubs. EDGAR EUGENE STRONG. Edgar E. Strong, president of the Strong, Carlisle & Hammond C0mpany, is one of the best known men in the supply and machine tool line in this country. He represents one of the old American families, his ancestors having come from England in 1636 and settled in Northampton, Massachusetts. They were among the founders of that town and prominent in the affairs of the Massachusetts colony. Caleb Strong was governor of Massachusetts for twelve years, filhng the position for five successive terms of one year each, and later for seven consecutive years, when he refused to accept the office again. He was also first United States senator from Massachusetts and took an active part in that state's acceptance of the Declaration of Independence. New England was the home of the family for eight generati0ns. Mr. Strong was born in Manchester, Connecticut, in 1841. He was graduated from the Providence Conference Seminary, a boarding school at East Greenwich, Rhode Island, and also from the Manchester Academy. It was his wish t0 become a surgeon but the Civil war shaped another course. In response to further call for troops, in August, 1862, Mr. Strong was enlisted in the Union Army,-a private of Company H, Sixteenth Connecticut Volunteer Infantry. He saw active service with the Army of the Potomac under Generals McClellan, Burnsides and Hooker. He was honorably discharged in July, 1865, at Washington, D. C., with the rank of first lieutenant. In August of the same year, Mr. Strong came to Cleveland for a temporary visit but being offered a situation with William Bingham & Company accepted it. He was made manage later of their retail department. He continued in this position f0r six years, when he was given the management of the wholesale department. In 1883 Mr. Strong felt the necessity of out-door employment and with M. G. Browne established the lumber firm of Browne, Strong & Company. The yards 0f this firm, located on the flats, were destroyed in one of the worst fires the city has ever known. This fire left Mr. Strong with nothing but a family and the necessity to begin again. He at once reentered the employ of William Bingham & Company, continuing there until March 1, 1887, when the partnership was formed of Strong, Carlisle & Turney. This partnership agreement was terminated February 1, 1893, when with no change in the personnel, the business was incorporated as The Strong, Carlisle & Turney Company. Later Mr. Turney retired and in 1898 the corporation became The Strong, Carlisle & Hammond Company, which today operates one of the most extensive business concerns in Cleveland and occupies a foremost position in the supply and machine tool trade, At the organization of the original partnership the three partners managed the business and did all the work, having a small store at 82 Water street. They remained there two years, when increasing trade necessitated removal. For nine succeeding years they were situated near the corner of Bank and Frankfort streets, from where they removed to their present location 326 to 344 Frankfort avenue. The development of the business is indicated by the fact that at the present time the firm employs one hundred and fifty men and women, with twenty-five traveling salesmen, who represent the company in the United States and Canada. Mr. Strong has been president of the company since its organization and is also president of the Clark Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of steam specialties. He was chosen president of the National Supply and Machinery Dealers' Associa- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 415 tion, serving for the first two years after its organization in 1905, since which time he has been a member of the advisory board. In 1869 Mr. Strong was married to Miss Mary Ella Clarke, of Cleveland, a daughter of Aaron Clarke of this city. They had four children : Clinton Eugene, the eldest, was drowned at the age of twenty-two, while a senior in Cornell University. Herbert William, the second, is a graduate of Cornell University, class of 1894. He has been associated with his father in business since graduation and since 1897 has been secretary of the Strong, Carlisle & Hammond Company. He married Miss Gladys Mosher, daughter of Dr. George C. Mosher, of Kansas City. Edith, the elder daughter, died in childhood. Elizabeth, the second daughter, is a graduate of Smith College. In 1906 she married Warren Sherman Hayden, senior partner of the bond house of Hayden, Miller & Company of Cleveland. They have one son, Sherman Str0ng Hayden. Mr. Strong is a veteran member of Tyrian Lodge, A. F. & A. M., and of Cleveland Chapter, R. A. M, He is also a member of Memorial Post, G. A. R., and the Ohio Commandery of the Loyal Legion. LEIGH K. BAKER, A. M., M. D. Recognizing fully the possibilities for attainment, Dr. Leigh K. Baker in all of his professional service has been actuated by laudable ambition to reach a high place in his profession, not only that his services shall be remunerative but that they shall be of signal benefit to his fellowmen. His services in behalf of school hygiene have been of the most important character, the benefits of which are immeasurable. He is now winning growing fame as an oculist, having studied largely along this line, his research, scientific investigation and experience bringing him knowledge and skill. He was born on Prospect street, opposite Cheshire, in Cleveland, October 12, 1862. The Baker family is of Scotch- German lineage, the original American ancestor being Heinrich Baker, who came over from Esen, Germany. The paternal great-grandfather was Heinrich Baker, a cousin of Albert Krupp, of Germany, the gun manufacturer whose fame has spread throughout the world. Henrich Baker came to America to avoid service, through draft, in Napoleon's army. Henry Baker, father of Dr. Baker, was a native of Kingston, Canada, and removed thence to Cleveland, where in 1836 he engaged in merchandising. In 1849, attracted by the discovery of gold on the Pacific coast, he made his way overland to California, after which he returned to Cleveland, while some years later he removed to Missouri, at the close of the war in 1865. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary A. Knowlton, was a native of Utica, Ohio, and died in 1901. She was of French-English lineage, the family being established in Glastonbury, Connecticut, at an early day. Her father was a resident of Holyoke, Massachusetts, and one of the early settlers in Ohio. Dr. Baker pursued his early education in the public schools of Chillicothe, Missouri, and afterward attended W00ster University, at Wooster, Ohio, from which he was graduated in 1887 with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Attracted by a professional life he determined to enter upon the practice of medicine and to this end became a student in the Western Reserve University Medical School, from which he was graduated in 1890, winning his degree at that time. He afterward spent two years as medical and physical director of the Young Men's Christian Association, having previously had one year's experience in that line of work. Resigning his position in 1892, he removed in the fall of that year to Washington, Pennsylvania, where he supervised the completion of the college gymnasium, of which he was medical and physical director until January, 1896, at the same time engaging in the private practice of medicine. During 1895 416 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND after correspondence and conference with L. H. Jones, superintendent of the Cleveland public schools, Dr. Baker returned to Cleveland to undertake the creation of a department 0f school hygiene within the Cleveland schools in January, 1896. During the first six years of his connection with the schools he supervised and taught not only those phases of school hygiene gr0uped under the term physical education but gradually introduced other school-hygiene features until, two years before its recognition by the board of education in 1901, there was in point of fact a department of school hygiene m- operation within the schools. When the board of education officially recognized this new department at the close of the school year of 1900, assistants were added, and during the succeeding three years its supervision was extended and enlarged. During his service with the schools Dr, Baker was not only an adviser and supervisor but an incessant teacher of teachers and of pupils in the schoolrooms throughout the city, daily teaching and examining pupils in all of the school buildings. He not only completed the introduction of the Swedish system of educational gymnastics but revised the course in physiology and hygiene and taught these subjects to the pupils as well as supervising the w0rk of the teachers in methods of instruction. Dr. Baker organized the Teachers' Physical Education Ass0ciation and was president of this and of the Cleveland Society of the American Physical Education Association and thus the recognized leader in the movement for better school sanitation in Cleveland during the decade from 1895 to 1905. Through these and other civic organizations he agitated ceaselessly for more liberal financial assistance for the schools and for legislation in restraint of the grosser forms of neglect of sanitation, constantly endeavoring to educate the teaching force, the board of education and the general public to accept the higher ideals of school hygiene. Since his work was advisory rather than executive, the progress was slow, but results were accomplished as shown by the fact that during this decade several millions of dollars were spent in the erection of new schoolhouses, the number of buildings and rooms were more than doubled and the estimated value of the school property at its close was about three times as great as at its beginning. It was during this decade that the interest of the social settlements, the Young Men's Christian Association, the medical societies, the Chamber of Commerce and other organizations was greatly increased in all matters of school sanitation, and the daily papers were full of discussions along these lines, reflecting the increase of public interest in such matters. The movements for larger playgrounds, well lighted, heated and ventilated schoolrooms, the abolition of basement and relief building schoolr00ms, athletics and gymnastics in the parks and medical inspection of school children were all introduced and popularized as part of the work of the school-hygiene department. Numerous blanks for use in recording and reporting various school-hygiene matters were formulated and printed and extensively used, and a very complete system of supervision of school hygiene was perfected. After teaching and supervising physical training and school hygiene from 1886 to 1904 Dr. Baker rementired from the teaching profession to become an oculist. Of these years six were spent in college work, three in the service of the Young Men's Christian Association and nine in the service of the public schools. During the last five years of his connection with the schools, finding defects of vision and eye diseases the most extensive and detrimental of all school diseases, Dr. Baker undertook to some extent the medical examination of these cases. thus introducing to a limited extent medical inspection of schools. During this period he personally examined with the ophthalmoscope, at the various school buildings, over seven thousand pupils reported by teachers as having defects of sight or hearing. Subsequently, for the boards of education for East Cleveland and Lakewood, he examined the eyes and ears of over three thousand school children, thus completing a record of over ten thousand ophthalmoscopic examinations of the eyes of school children. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 417 The following publications by Dr. Baker are characteristic of his literary work, showing as they do, that while he was interested in a wide range of subjects, his life has been devoted largely to the interests of preventive medicine : Value of Psychology to Teachers, Scientific Man Measuring, Place and Power of the Y. M. C. A. Gymnasium, Anthropometric Chart, A New Game—Basket Ball, Athletic and Gymnastic Charts, Annual Reports of Physical Department of W. & J. College, Teachers' Manual of Physical Education, Hygiene of the Eyes, Medical Supervision of Schools, Syllabus of Lectures on School Sanitation, School Hygiene in the Cleveland Schools, Comments on Eye Testing in the Cleveland Public Schools, Essential Requirements of a Sanitary School Building, Cleveland Public School Course in Physical Training, Physiology and Hygiene, State Sanitary Legislation Affecting Sch00ls, Relation of the Medical Profession to Public Education, The Health School, Construction and Sanitary Regulation of School Buildings, Shot Gun versus Rifle Practice, Indoor Playgrounds for Winter, Refraction and Eye Strain in the Case of Two Hundred and Six Second Grade School Children, Waste of Time Incident to Defective Vision, Defective Vision and Several of Its Effects, Practical Suggestions for Testing Vision and Hearing, Examination of the Eyes of Five Hundred and Thirty-eight School Children, Notes on Examination of the Eyes of Ten Hundred and Forty-Eight East Cleveland School Children, Ocular Conditions among Village Children, Notes on the Examination of the Eyes of Thirty Hundred and Ninety-eight Village School Children, Consulting School Sanitarians, Extent and Varieties of Refraction (Eye Glass) Cases, etc., etc. Upon resigning his position in the spring of 1904, Dr. Baker entered upon private practice as a specialist in the treatment of diseases of the eye, ear, nose and throat, in which he has since continued, his comprehensive and thorough study along that line giving him ability above that of the average practitioner, so that his opinions are largely accepted as authority in professional as well as lay circles along the line of his specialty: He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American School Hygiene Association, the American Peace Association and other scientific organizations, being especially interested in school hygiene and in physical education, realizing the value of the understanding of the human body as a preparation for the practical and responsible duties that come in later life. On the 1st of January, 1889, in W00ster, Ohio, Dr. Baker was united in marriage to Miss Isabelle C. Jackson, a daughter of E. Jackson, of Aurora, Ohio. They have two children, Adelaide C. and Leigh K. The family reside on East One Hundred and Fifteenth street in this city through the winter months and maintain a country home in Aurora, where the summer months are passed. Dr. and Mrs, Baker hold membership in the Presbyterian church, and Mrs. Baker is ever active in church and society work. Dr. Baker gives his political allegiance to the republican party but is not active in its ranks, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his professional duties and scientific research. WILLIAM EDWARD PATTERSON. William Edward Patterson, attorney at law, practicing in Cleveland since 1897, was born in Hunter, Ohio, February 5, 1873, a son of Joseph T. and Louisa L. (Harris) Patterson. The father, a native of this state, was a farmer, manufacturer and exporter at different periods in his life and died in the year 1905. His widow still survives. William E. Patterson spent his boyhood days in Bethesda, Ohio, and the public sch00l system of that place afforded him his early educational privileges, while later he attended Mount Union College and was graduated with the Bachelor of Philosophy degree with the class of 1893. He spent the following year as pro- 418 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND fessor of mathematics in that school and through the years 1894 and 1895 pursued the law course in the State University of West Virginia, winning the Bachelor of Law degree on his graduation in the latter year. The same year he was admitted to practice in West Virginia and followed his profession in Wheeling until July, 1897, when, seeking the broader opportunities of the larger city of Cleveland, he placed his name on the roll of attorneys in Cuyahoga county and has since continued in general practice here. His ability has made him well known, for before the courts he has the power to present his cause cogently and convincingly. He has been admitted to practice in all of the federal courts and is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association. He is likewise interested in some commercial and financial enterprises here. Mr. Patterson belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity and has taken the degrees of the commandery, the consistory and the Mystic Shrine, in Masonry. He is also a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club and of the Chamber of Commerce. His political allegiance is given to the republican party, and he has been one of the local workers in its ranks, but the honors and emoluments of office have no attraction for him. He is interested m those questions to which thinking men are giving their attention, belongs to the Cleveland Sociological Club and is a member of the First Methodist Episcopal church, serving on its official board, and is a teacher in its Sunday sch00l, having a large Bible class. He pursues the even tenor of his way in a well balanced position midway between pessimism and optimism, correctly judging of life, its opportunities and its purposes. There is in him a saving sense of humor, and his continuous good nature and frank cordial manner make him very popular with his many acquaintances, EDWIN H. PARKHURST. Again and again one is impressed with the fact of the strength that lies in unity and the truth is never more manifest than in the important business enterprises which require the labor and cooperation of many. When business becomes too complex t0 be carried on by a single individual there must be harmony and coordination in the labors of those who combine to continue and conduct its interests and this truth is evidenced in the splendid results which are achieved by the Peerless Motor Car Company. Its officers are young men, imbued with the modern business spirit, Edwin H. Parkhurst serving as vice president. Born in Vermont, April 10, 1872, he pursued his education in the schools of Woodstock, that state, while spending his youthful days in the home of his parents, Henry and Ruth (Perkins) Parkhurst. At length he completed the high- school course by graduation with the class of 1889 and on leaving school entered the business world as stenographer for the firm of William S. Gray & Company, New York chemists. For a short time he was also engaged in the telephone business and the succeeding twelve years were spent in the employ 0f the New York Belting & Packing Company as traveling salesman. In October, 1903, he became connected with the Peerless Motor Car Company, filling the position of secretary until 1907, when he was elected to the vice presidency. In the six years which cover his association with the company he has had much to do with placing the Peerless motor car in its present preeminent position among American automobiles. The plant of the company is today an extensive one, with more than eight acres of floor space, and each year sees an increase in the area covered by the buildings of the company. Something of the extent of the enterprise is indicated in the fact that there are over seventeen hundred employes and it is the policy of the house not only to demand the best from each subordinate but also to recognize quickly and reward, as opportunity offers, superior merit wherever found. The aim of the company is to make the Peerless car "all that the name implies." HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 421 Scientifically it is also a model of elegance and the car has reached such perfection as to make it a standard of automobile manufacture. Mr. Parkhurst resides at the Hollenden Hotel and spends pleasant hours at the Union, Euclid and Country Clubs, in which he holds membership. He is also a member of the Crescent Athletic Club of Brooklyn, New York. He is himself an enthusiast on the subject of the motor car, taking great delight in touring, and he also finds interest for his leisure hours in golf and fishing. His political allegiance is given the republican party and he is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, interested in all the projects and movements of that organization for Cleveland's development. HIRAM KIMBALL. Hiram Kimball, born in West Randolph, Vermont, July 16, 1845, died in Cleveland, March 9, 1899, and the years of his residence in the latter city gave him firm hold upon it both as a business man and citizen. He was a descendant of Richard Kimball, whose son, Benjamin Kimball, came from Ipswich, England, to America in 1634, and settled in Massachusetts. John Kimball, born August 9, 1735, served as an ensign and later as a lieutenant in Captain Riley's Company of the Third Regiment of the Connecticut line, commanded by Colonel Welch. Later-in 1781—he became captain of his company, of which his sons, John R. and Jared Kimball, were members. Hiram Kimball, Sr., father of our subject, was born in Randolph, Vermont, in 1803, learned and followed the carpenter's trade and married Jerusha Bradish, who was born in the Green Mountain state in 1810. His death occurred in 1865. Hiram Kimball, whose name introduces this review, pursued his studies in the common schools of West Randolph, supplemented by a partial course at Columbia Law School of New York city. He spent considerable time in the private study of law and in 1880 was admitted to the bar of New York and also to practice in the United States courts and in the courts of Michigan. He was a thorough student, devoting his leisure hours to the mastery of the principles of jurisprudence and was a self-educated man, who in thus making preparation for life's practical work displayed the elemental strength of his character, which later gained him substantial place in business circles. After leaving school he went to Toronto, Canada, and was employed by the Adams Express Company for a short time. Later he became cashier and coal buyer of the Toronto Rolling Mills, with which he was connected for two or three years. He possessed considerable inventive genius and mechanical ingenuity and after inventing a low-water indicator went to Pittsburg, where he engaged in the manufacture of this device for three or four years. He also spent one year in the study of law in Michigan, but his inventive faculty was a predominant trait in his character, and his experiments along original lines claimed much of his time and attention. After inventing the turn buckle he came to Cleveland in 1881 and erected a plant on Case avenue in connection with his brother, for the manufacture of his invention. Later he became associated with Congressman Hutchins and 0. J. Campbell in forming a company which erected a plant and continued the manufacture of turn buckles, under the name of the Cleveland City Forge & Iron Company. Mr. Kimball remained at the head of the turn buckle department until his death, and the success of this growing enterprise was largely attributable to his knowledge of mechanics, combined with business and executive force that enabled him to carefully c0ntrol the financial interests of the house as well. He was also asso- ciated with the Chapman Jack Screw Company and with George McGuire, who organized the Butler Draw Bar Attachment Company. In 1893 after the consolidation of the Cleveland Street Railways he acquired large interests in the same and in 1895 became one of the directors. Thus his business interests grew in 422 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND magnitude and importance until the extent and nature of his interests placed him prominently among the leading business men of the city. On the 17th of September, 1867, Mr. Kimball was married t0 Miss Fannie E. Palmer, a daughter of Gurdon L. and Fannie (Rothwell) Palmer of the state of New York, and a great-granddaughter of Nehemiah Palmer, who served in the Revolutionary war with the Connecticut forces. She is also a representative of the famous Palmer family of Connecticut, the founder of whom was Walter Palmer, who, coming from England in 1628, first made his home in Massachusetts, The Kimball, Palmer and Rothwell families all have coats of arms which were granted them in England. Mr. and Mrs. Kimball became parents of one son, Robert E., who is recognized as a distinguished inventor. The scientific trend of Mr. Kimball's nature found expression in his membership in the Civil Engineers Club and American Institute of Mining Engineers, Along more strictly social lines he was connected with the Colonial, Union, Country and New Englanders Clubs. He attained the thirty-second degree in the Scottish Rite Masonry and the Knight Templar degree in the York Rite. He was quite an athlete in his younger days and was always interested in manly outdoor sports. His political faith was that of the republican party and his religious belief that of the Episcopal denomination. his membership being in Emmanuel church on Euclid avenue, of which he was senior warden for many years. His associations were always those which brought him into close connection with the vital forces of life, and it was impossible to be with him for any length of time without recognizing his capacity and his moral vigor. His natural talents were large, and their wise utilization enabled him to make valuable contributions to the industrial interests of the world. JAMES SHIPHERD. James Shipherd, who was as well known for his philanthropy as for his honorable and successful business career, wherein he became one of the leading dry- goods and millinery merchants of Cleveland, passed away September 12, 1884. He was born, reared and educated in Oberlin, Ohio, and spent his youth in the home of his parents, Dr. John Jay and Esther (Raymond) Shipherd. No event of special importance occurred during that period to vary for him the usual routine of life and after his educational opportunities had well equipped him for the practical and responsible duties of life he came to Cleveland and after a time, as the result of his business enterprise and a laudable ambition and a capable direction of his labors, he was enabled to enter commercial circles as a partner in the dry goods and millinery firm of Morgan, Root & Shipherd. He continued in the same line of business for years and his sound judgment and undaunted enterprise constituted important elements in the success of the house which became known as one of the leading mercantile enterprises of the city. He always studied the outlook, knew the demands of the public and strove to meet such demands in a way that would at the same time promote the success of the company. His judgment was sound and reliable and he won for himself a most creditable name in business circles. Moreover Mr. Shipherd was a very active man in other relations of life, taking a great interest in the affairs of the city and cooperating in every movement which he deemed essential to the city's welfare, development and improvement. In 1860 Mr. Shipherd was married to Miss Frances E. Barker, a daughter of B. Barker, who was one of the leading citizens of his time in Cleveland and is mentioned elsewhere in this work. Mr. Shipherd held membership in the Plymouth Congregational church, as does his widow, and in the work of the church he was active and influential, contributing generously to its support while doing all in his power to extend the influence of the church. He was a man of marked HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 423 philanthropy, ever kind to the poor, responding quickly and generously to every tale of sorrow or distress if it was in his power to alleviate the condition. His many good qualities made him loved by all who knew him and most of all by the members of his own household. EDWARD C. STANLEY. Edward C. Stanley, deceased, was numbered among those whose energy and foresight brought them prominently into relation with the early commercial, industrial and financial development of Cleveland. Recognizing and improving his legitimate opportunities he gained a place among its substantial citizens here and was enabled to spend his later days in the enjoyment of those opportunities afforded by wealth and culture. The birthplace of Edward C. Stanley was Geneseo, New York, and his natal day August 1, 1830. A decade later his parents, William H. and Mary (Wild) Stanley, removed from Geneseo to Cleveland. The father was one of the founders of the Society for Savings and a prominent business man of the early days, leaving his impress upon the commercial and financial development of the city. He was also one of the organizers of the republican party, being early allied with that progressive movement which recognized the baneful influence that slavery was exerting and sought to stay its progress in northern territory. Edward C. Stanley largely pursued his education in the schools of Geneseo, New York, to the age of fourteen years, when he became a pupil in the high school of Cleveland, there remaining to the age of seventeen. Ambitious to take his place in the business world, in 1847 he entered the old Commercial Bank, then under the presidency of William A, Otis. His initial business training was received in that institution, where he remained until 1856, when he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he spent three years. After the outbreak of the Civil war he became connected with the commissary department under General Buell and at the close of hostilities returned to Cleveland, being convinced that the business conditions then extant were equal to those found in other sections of the country. In 1865 he became connected with an iron foundry in partnership with Silas Merchant. They were pioneers in the iron industry in Cleveland, being one of the first firms in the country to manufacture cast-iron water pipes. For a considerable period Mr, Stanley continued in active connection with the business, but afterward turned his attention to brokerage. He remained, however, an active factor in industrial circles in Cleveland, and his wise counsel and discriminating judgment were important elements in the successful conduct of various business concerns. He long figured as one of Cleveland's foremost business men, but two decades or more prior to his death made a business trip to Spain and on his return retired from active life, his remaining days being devoted to those interests which constituted for him a source of pleasure and self-benefit. On the 4th of October, 1854, Mr. Stanley was married to Miss Emilie M. Harbeck, a daughter of John S. and Jane (Fisher-Shaw) Harbeck, of New York city. They came to Cleveland in 1839, establishing their home nearby, and Mr. Harbeck was one of the largest manufacturers of staves in the United States, shipping his product mostly to Spain and France. In 1855 he purchased the present home of Mrs. Sophia Taylor and there resided until 1893, when Mrs. Taylor purchased the property and erected her residence there, now known as Taylorhurst. Mr. Harbeck lived a retired life during his last thirty years but during the period of his activity had given a stimulus to business affairs and the commercial development of Cleveland that was of lasting benefit. Mrs. Stanley has resided in this city for nearly sixty-eight years, coming here when it was a town of only seven thousand population. By her marriage she had one son, H. A, Stanley, who is now a retired capitalist. Mr. and Mrs. Stanley lived to cele- 424 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND brate their golden wedding, and also three others of the family have been equally fortunate. In his political views Edward C. Stanley was a republican, conversant with the vital questions and issues of the day. He always kept thoroughly informed concerning municipal conditions, and his influence was ever on the side of reform, progress and improvement. Music was to him an unceasing source of delight, and he believed always in the cultivation of those graces which lift men above and beyond the more sordid interests of the workaday world. He was not unappreciative, however, of the strength of character which is required to advance man in the business world, and, in fact, his own life was an example of what might be accomplished through determination, industry and intelligently directed effort. He died October 24, 1907, after passing the seventy-seventh milestone on life's journey, leaving behind him a record characterized by all that is noblest and best in manhood. BROUGHAM E. HARRIS. Brougham E. Harris, who in his seventieth year passed away, his death occurring at his Cleveland home, October 31, 1907, was born on Frankfort street in this city, August 20, 1838. He therefore lived to witness Cleveland's development from villagehood to a metropolitan center of large trade and commercial interests and with advanced facilities for intellectual and aesthetic culture. His parents were Josiah A. and Esther M. (Race) Harris. The paternal grandfather, Judge Harris, coming from Brecket, Massachusetts, settled at Amherst about 1800. He was one of the founders of that town and its first postmaster, filling the position for half a century. He was also chosen several times to represent his district in the state legislature, making the journey to and from Amherst to Columbus on horseback, for it was before the period of railroad building and travel. His son, Josiah A. Harris, became the founder and editor of the Cleveland Herald, one of the first newspapers of the city. He was a prominent man of his day, closely associated with the upbuilding and welfare of Cleveland in the years of its pioneer struggles. Brougham E. Harris, reared in the Forest city, pursued his education in the old academy on St. Clair avenue, then under the principalship of Professor Fry. He completed the work of the grammar grades and entered business life as an employe in the Pittsburg office of the railroad company, under W. W. Chandler. Subsequently he became connected with the Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Company, having charge at Cleveland of the freight department, with which he was associated for seventeen years, or until 1876. He then entered the undertaking business in connection with J. P. Hogan, occupying his father's building on Bank street. This partnership was maintained until 1894, after which Mr. Harris was alone in business until 1905, when he sold out and retired. For almost thirty years he was one of the prominent undertakers of the city, having been accorded an extensive patronage, which made his business a profitable investment. He spent the last two years of his life in his country home on Lake avenue m Lakewood and during that time failed to recuperate his impaired health. On the 5th of November, 1860, Mr. Harris was united in marriage to Miss Martha Wall, his wedding night being that on which President Lincoln was first elected. Mrs. Harris is a daughter of Edward and Eliza (Lord) Wall, who came from Hay, Brecknockshire, Wales, amd established their home in Cleveland in 1832, Mr. Wall being a shoemaker of this city. He also cleared land and built a homestead on the present site of the Huron Road Hospital. Mrs. Harris was born where the May Drug Company is now conducting business in the heart of Cleveland's business center. The family home was a little frame residence HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 427 which there stood, and her natal day was November 14, 1840. She has resided all her life in this city and now occupies a beautiful country home 0n Lake avenue, where she is living with her only grandson, Harland Harris Newell, all the other members of the family having passed away. She had four children : Lizzie E., Fannie M., Edward A. and Mattie B. Mr. Harris was a republican in his political views. In manner he was very quiet and unostentatious but was a keen and sagacious business man. He was no less noted for his charitable spirit and was a liberal donor to the poor. He lived to witness remarkable changes in Cleveland as the city cast off the evidences of villagehood and t00k on all the indications of a modern and progressive civilization, such as are found in the leading cities of the country. Events which were to others matters of history were to him matters of personal knowledge and experience, and he spoke with authority on many subjects concerning the annals of Cleveland and its upbuilding. FRED ROLLIN WHITE. Fred Rollin White, vice president of the Baker Motor Vehicle Company, was born in Cleveland February 17, 1871, and represents a family connected with New England from a period of early American colonization, being a descendant of Captain John White, who came to the new world from England in 1643 and settled near Boston. He was commissioned by the governor of Massachusetts colony as captain of a company of soldiers recruited for the protection of the colonies from the Indian race and was sent on numerous expeditions against the Indian tribes. Representatives of the name in later generations played an important part in New England history and in connection with the Revolutionary war, doing active service on the field of battle. Hiram White, the grandfather of Fred Rollin White, was a Vermont farmer, giving his entire life to agricultural pursuits. He died in the Green Mountain state in 1850 at the age of fifty- four years. His wife was Abigail Dennison Harris, a daughter of William Harris. Their son, Rollin Charles White, was born in Putney, Vermont, June 3, 1837. He was educated in the district schools of Vermont and the Leland and Gray Academy at Townshend, that state. In 1862 he became interested in the development and manufacture of sewing machines and in 1865 came to Cleveland. A year later he entered into active association with Thomas H. White, under the firm name of T. H. White & Company, and later a partnership was formed under the style of the White Manufacturing Company, while another change in 1876 led to the adoption of the name and the incorporation of the White Sewing Machine Company, of which Rollin C. White became vice president. He continued in active connection with this company until 1w0, when he disposed of his interest and retired from the business. For thirty-five years he had figured prominently as a representative of manufacturing interests in Cleveland, promoting an enterprise which has been one of the salient features in the business development and prosperity of the city. The value of his business judgment and of his initiative spirit was widely recognized, and he became a cooperant factor in many concerns. He served for many years as president of the Cleveland Machine Screw Company and was one of the founders of the Baker Motor Vehicle Company, of which he is now the president. He was also one of the founders and is a director of the American Ball Bearing Company and has served as officer and director of various Cleveland banking institutions. With him laudable ambition has constituted a stimulus for effective and far- reaching effort, and his business interests have, moreover, been of a nature that has contributed to general prosperity as well as to individual success. His record constitutes an example worthy of emulation, for his life has been a practical 428 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND demonstration of the fact that success is the outcome of clear judgment, experience and unfaltering enterprise. He is a prominent member of the Chamber of Commerce and is popular m the Union and Ottawa Shooting Clubs. He is a republican in his political views, a Unitarian in his religious faith. On the 1st of March, 1865, Rollin Charles White wedded Miss Lizzie Sarah Warner, a daughter of Ebenezer and Olive G. (Coleman) Warner, of Hubbardston, Massachusetts. Mrs. White is active in the charities of her church, being especially mterested in the work of the Dorcas Society. The only daughter is now Mrs. Fannie Baker, the wife of Walter C. Baker, president of the American Ball Bearing Company. Fred Rollin White, the only son, was educated in the public schools, until he had completed the course in the Central high school, and afterward prepared for college at Phillips Exeter Academy and entered Cornell University, from which he was graduated with the class of 1895, with the LL. B. degree. Returning to Cleveland he took up the management of his father's private interests and in 1897 became identified with the organization and financing of the Baker Motor Vehicle Company. In 1903 he entered into active relations with the business as vice president and general manager, and the success of this important commercial interest of Cleveland is largely attributable to his ready and correct solution of the business problems which are to be met in the conduct of every large and important enterprise. He is also identified with the American Ball Bearing Company. Well known in club circles, Fred Rollin White is connected with the Union, Roadside, University, Country, Sugar Valley Hunt, Ottawa Shooting, Knowlwood Country and Cleveland Automobile Clubs, and is likewise an affiliated member of the Automobile Club of New York. Further recreation is found in driving, motoring, golf, hunting and fishing, to which interests his leisure hours are devoted. He is a republican but without political ambition, preferring to concentrate his energies upon the management of business interests, which are of growing importance and in the control of which he displays keen discernment and marked enterprise. CHARLES H. CARLETON. The lumber business is one of the most important industries of Cleveland and The Mills-Careleton Company is one of the oldest concerns of the kind in the city. Charles H. Carleton, its president, has been connected with it for more than a score of years, being a factor in making it what it is now—enterprising, progressive and firmly established financially. He was born in St. Clair, Michigan, September 18, 1859, a son of George W. and Emeline P. (Smith) Carleton. The father was born in North Granville, New York, but became one of the prominent lumbermen of Michigan, being the operator of a sawmill at St Clair. His wife, to whom he was married in that city in 1858, was a native of N0rth Amherst, Massachusetts. She is still living at St. Clair, well preserved and very active, despite her many years, but her husband died in July, 1904. Charles H. Carleton was educated in the common and high schools of St. Clair, Michigan, and at the age of twenty-one became connected with the lumber business. First he entered the employ as bookkeeper of B. W. Jenks & Company, of Allegan, Michigan, with whom he remained five years, or until the firm went out of existence. Thereupon, in May, 1885, he came to Cleveland, becoming associated with N. Mills & C0mpany as traveling salesman. He had held this position for only one year when two members of the concern severed their connections and Mr. Carleton was brought into the firm in 1886. In 1893 the name was changed to Mills-Carleton & C0mpany, four years later uniting with Pack- Gray & Company when the business was incorporated as The Mills-Gray-Carleton Company, continuing under that designation until 19o5, when it was again HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 429 changed to its present title, the Gray interests having been secured by the other members of the firm. Nelson Mills remained its president until his death in 1906, whereupon Mr. Carleton succeeded to that office. Cleveland is one of the most important distributing points for lumber along the great lakes and the concern of which our subject is the head does an extensive business in that field, both wholesale and retail. Mr. Carleton was married in January, 1889, to Miss Janet L. Morrison, of Wayne, Michigan. She is a daughter of Dr. Thomas Morrison, who was a surgeon in the Civil war. Mr. and Mrs. Carleton are the parents of three children : George M., who is nineteen years of age and engaged in the auto supply business in this city ; Margaret and Jean, who are pupils in the Hathaway-Brown school. Mr. Carleton is independent in his political views and interested in, though not actively identified with, public affairs. He is president of the Wholesale Lumber Dealers Association and a member of the National Wholesale Lumber Dealers Association of New York. He is also one of the underwriters of the Lumber Underwriters. His social diversion is obtained in the Euclid Club, of which he is a member. WILLIAM EVANS BRUNER, M. D. Dr. William Evans Bruner, a distinguished oculist of Cleveland, practicing in this city since 1894, was born in Columbia, Pennsylvania, January 8, 1866. His father, Abraham Bruner, was a lumber merchant, who resided in Columbia until his death in 1905. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Sarah Jane Breneman, has also passed away. In his native city Dr. Bruner spent his youthful days and attended the public schools there, while for one year he was a student in Dickinson College at Carlisle, Pennsylvania, and later attended the Western University at Middletown, Connecticut, being graduated therefrom in 1888 with the Bachelor of Arts degree, while three years later his alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts. Determining upon the practice of medicine as a life work, he became a student in the University of Pennsylvania at Philadelphia and completed the course in the medical department in 1891, winning his degree of M. D. His professional career has been characterized by continuous progress as his ability has been developed through study and experience. He was interne in the Philadelphia hospital from 1891 until 1893, thus putting his theoretical training to the practical test and gaining that broad, varied and valuable experience which hospital practice brings. He was private assistant to Dr. G. E. de Schweinitz in 1893 and during the same year became assistant in ophthalmology at Jefferson Medical College in Philadelphia. In the year 1894 .Dr. Bruner removed to Cleveland and entered upon private practice, confining his attention exclusively to the treatment of the eye. He has become widely known as an expert oculist, for his research, investigation and experience have carried him far beyond the average practitioner. He has been connected with the Western Reserve University since locating in Cleveland, being at first clinical assistant and now instructor in ophthalmology in the medical department of that institution. He is also ophthalmologist in charge of the Lakeside Hospital Dispensary, ophthalmologist to St. Vincent and Maternity hospitals and formerly also to the Cleveland City Hospital. He is now oculist of the United States pension board and has been a frequent contributor to the medical journals, being now on the editorial staff of the Annals of Ophthalmology. The profession accords him high rank in the field of his specialty and by his fellow practitioners he has been called to various official positions in their different organizations. In 1904 he was vice president of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, was treasurer of the Cleveland Medical Library Association from 1907 un- 430 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND til 1909, chairman of the eye, ear, nose and throat section of the Ohio State Medical Association in 1907 and 1908 and is a member of the American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Cleveland Medical Library Association, the American Ophthalmological Society and the American Academy of Ophthalmology and Oto-Laryngology. On the 18th of February, 1897, Dr. Bruner was married in Columbia, Pennsylvania, to Lydia S. Clark, a daughter of William Clark, of that city, and they had one son, William Evans, Jr., who was born in 1901 and died in 1903. In his political views Dr. Bruner is a republican but does not feel himself bound by party ties and votes independently if his judgment sanctions such a course. He holds membership relations with the Phi Beta Kappa, the Alpha Delta Phi and the Nu Sigma Nu; also with the University, Union and Euclid Clubs and the Chamber of Commerce. He holds membership in the Epworth Memorial Methodist Episcopal church, in which he is serving as steward and he takes an active interest in matters of general progress and in charitable work, serving as a member of the executive committee of the Society for the Adult Blind and one of the advisory committee of the Ohio State Medical Society for the Commission for the Blind. Connected with a profession, the tendency of which is to awaken keenest sympathy, Dr. Bruner stands as a high type of the medical fraternity, his broad humanitarianism as well as his comprehensive knowledge constituting an important force in his life work. By nature retiring and studious, he finds his chief recreation in his library. HENRY CHISHOLM OSBORN. This is preeminently the age of invention and America has been the foremost representative of the spirit of the age. Men of keen discernment, marked enterprise and mechanical ingenuity have not only met the needs of the world in perfected machinery and labor-saving devices but have anticipated the needs and have been ready at the moment to supply the demands of the hour. One is led to this train of reflection in investigating the enterprise with which Henry Chisholm Osborn is connected and which is conducted under the name of the American Multigraph Company. As its president he is bending his efforts to effective control and his executive ability and administrative powers are constituting a most potent element in the successful management of this concern. A native of Cleveland, Mr. Osborn was born May TO, 1878, and is a son of Alanson T. and Katherine (Chisholm) Osborn. The latter was a daughter of Henry and Jean (Allen) Chisholm, who are mentioned elsewhere in this volume as are Mr. and Mrs. Alanson T. Osborn. The public schools and University of Cleveland afforded Henry C. Osborn his preliminary educational privileges and later he attended the Case School of Applied Science, where he pursued a special course in mechanical engineering. Leaving college he became connected with the Amstutz-Osborn Company, later the Osborn-Morgan Company, and soon became actively interested in developing and perfecting the Gammeter multigraph. At length the business of the Osborn-Morgan Company was taken over by a new company—the American Multigraph Company, of which Mr. Osborn was chosen president. The manufacture of the multigraph was begun. This remarkable and ingenious device, a multiple typewriting and office printing-press, met with instantaneous approval and acceptance on the part of the commercial world, with the result that the growth of the business has been little less than phenomenal. It is today one of the city's most important manufacturing industries, the trade having reached mammouth proportions. The company maintains sales departments in over sixty of the largest cities of the United States, Canada and Europe and employs over three hundred expert workmen in its manufacturing plant, which is one of the most important and complete in the country. There HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 433 are at present nearly ten thousand of the machines in use, shipments having been made to every part of the civilized world. In March, 1909, the American Multigraph Company took over the business of the Universal Folding Machine Company, which is now owned and conducted by the former corporation. The remarkable success which has attended the Multigraph Company is in large part due to the skill, business energy and keen insight of the president. He has developed the enterprise along modern business lines, employing judicious advertising to place the product on the market and, having an article of practical value, which is manufactured along lines of thoroughness, a ready sale has been secured. On the 25th of April, 1905, Mr. Osborn was married to Miss Marion De- Wolf, a native of Escanaba, Michigan, and a daughter of Dr. James Horace and Marion (DeWolf) Tracy. Mrs. Osborn was educated at Miss Peebles' school of New York city and is greatly interested in the various charities of her church and is secretary of the Sunbeam circle. Mr. and Mrs. Osborn are prominent socially, their home at No. m01 Magnolia Drive being the scene of many attractive social functions, as is their country place Nottingham on Lake Shore boulevard. Mr. Osborn holds membership in the Euclid Avenue Baptist church, and belongs to the Union, Mayfield and Country Clubs and finds recreation in tennis, golf and fishing. He was also one of Cleveland's early motorists and he takes delight also in the best literature and works of art. Progressive in his citizenship and at all times public-spirited, his cooperation in matters of municipal progress is largely through the activities 0f the Chamber of Commerce, of which he is a member. His political allegiance is given to the republican party but the extent of his business would preclude active service in political office even had he ambition in that direction. He prefers, however, to concentrate his energies upon other interests and is a splendid type of the American business man, who is alert, energetic and successful, and yet finds time and opportunity for participation in other interests of life. GENERAL GEORGE ARMSTRONG GARRETSON. The name of General George Armstrong Garretson is widely known in connection with the military history of the country and also as the president of the Bank of Commerce, National Association. Enlisting when but eighteen years of age for service in the Civil war, he afterward attended West Point, did military service where assigned for duty, was later associated with the national guard and at the time of the Spanish-American war was among the first to offer his aid to the country, taking part in the Cuban and Porto Rican campaigns. He is a man of fine military bearing, enjoying at all times the respect of his fellow officers and honored and esteemed by his subordinates. He was born in Columbiana county, Ohio, January 30, 1844. In the paternal line he comes of Dutch ancestry, the first of the name in America sailing from Holland in 1670 and settling in New Jersey. They became Quakers and were prominent in that society. Hiram Garretson, the father, was born in York county, Pennsylvania, in 1817, and died May 7, 1876. He was the son of George and Anne (Griffith) Garret- son, who came to Ohio 'in 1820, settling at New Lisbon, Columbiana county, where the former entered the field of merchandising. Hiram Garretson, after receiving a common-school education, entered his father's store as clerk. At the age of nineteen he took charge of a trading boat on the Ohio river, making several trips between Pittsburg and New Orleans. Returning to New Lisbon he established the business which he conducted until 1851, when he came to Cleve- lard and engaged with Leonard and Robert Hanna in the wholesale grocery business, under the firm name of Hanna, Garretson & Company. The business was successfully conducted until 1862, when the firm was dissolved, and Mr. Garret- 434 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND son immediately organized the firm of H. Garretson & Company for the transaction of a Lake Superior forwarding and commission business, building a line of steamers for the trade and at the same time securing the agency for most of the Boston and New England mining companies located on Lake Superior. As their representative he purchased their supplies and transported their products from the mines to the eastern markets. In 1866 ill health compelled him to relinquish this important business, and he turned his attention to banking, in association with J. H. Wade, Amasa Stone, George B. Ely and Stillman Witt. He thus organized the Cleveland Banking Company, of which he was elected president and manager, the bank opening for business February 1, 1868. Two years later this institution was merged with the Second National Bank, and he was elected cashier. In 1873 ill health compelled his temporary retirement from active business, and he went to Europe under appointment of President Grant as commissioner to the Vienna exposition. The American department of the exposition was in bad condition, reflecting discredit upon the United States government, when the commissioner was removed and Mr. Garretson took his place. He brought order out of chaos, and so highly was his work esteemed that the emperor of Austria decorated him with the imperial order of St. Francis Joseph. Upon his return to Cleveland he was elected president of the Second National Bank. He also served as director of the Citizens Savings & Loan Association. During his long business career he was a conspicuous member of the remarkable coterie of strong and influential men who had much to do with laying the foundation for Cleveland's commercial greatness. Hiram Garretson married Miss Margaret King Armstrong, a lady of Scotch- Irish parentage and a daughter of General John and Isabella (McKaig) Armstrong. General Armstrong was one of the early settlers of Columbiana county, having come from Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1804. The family were of Scotch descent, representatives of the name coming from Scotland in the seventeenth century, when settlement was made in Pennsylvania. Seven members served with distinction in the Revolutionary war, and others saw service in the war of 1812 and the Mexican war of 1846. Mrs. Margaret King (Armstrong) Garret- son had three children, of whom General Garretson is the only survivor. The mother died May 16, 1852, and on the 8th of September, 1856, Hiram Garretson married Mrs. Ellen M. (Howe) Abbott of Springfield, Massachusetts. Of their three children Ellen G. became the wife of J. H. Wade. General Garretson attended the public schools and later a private academy at Cornwall on the Hudson, New York, thus pursuing his studies until after the outbreak of the Civil war. Returning to Cleveland he enlisted on the 26th of May, 1862, when but eighteen years of age, in the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, as a member of Company E. He was mustered in at Camp Chase, Columbus, Ohio, and served in Maryland and West Virginia until September of the same year. About that time a vacancy occurring in the United States Military Academy at West Point, he was tendered a cadetship by the Hon. A. G. Riddle, member of congress, which he accepted. He entered West Point June 20, 1863, and was graduated on the 17th of June, 1867. On the same day he was appointed second lieutenant of the Fourth United States Artillery and served at various posts m 1867 and 1868. The following year he was appointed signal officer on the staff of General John Pope, commanding the department of the lakes at Detroit, Michigan. On account of slow promotion and inactivity, he decided to resign and enter commercial life, which he did on the 1st of January, 1870. Returning to Cleveland General Garretson began with the Second National Bank in the capacity of clerk. Earning rapid promotion he became successively assistant cashier, cashier, and when the National Bank of Commerce succeeded the Second National Bank General Garretson became its cashier, vice president and president, and also succeeded to the presidency of its successor, the Bank of Commerce, National Association. For almost four decades he figured as one HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 435 of the notable representatives of financial interests of Cleveland, doing much to uphold the financial status of the city and at all times maintaining the highest standards in connection with the interests of the different institutions with which he has been associated. He is also the vice president of the Guardian Savings & Trust Company, director of Citizens Savings & Trust Company, and is financially and commercially interested in many important corporations which have direct and extensive bearing upon the commercial, industrial and financial activity of the city. He is chairman of the board of directors of the Great Lakes Towing Company, a director of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway Company and of the Cleveland Stone Company. He is likewise a trustee of the Lakeside Hospital, of the Children's Fresh Air Camp and is interested in these and many other charities, which are directly helpful to the community at large. General Garretson was among the first to volunteer his services in the Spanish-American war and was commissioned by the president brigadier general of volunteers and commanded the brigade at the Porto Rican invasion, which made the first landing under General Nelson A. Miles. The following is a record of his services : "Prior to the war with Spain, enlisted as a private in Company E, Eighty- fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, May 26, 1862, and served in the Civil war, in Western Virginia and Maryland until honorably discharged, September 20, 1862. Was appointed cadet at the United States Military Academy, West Point, July 1, 1863; served four years; graduated June 17, 1867; was appointed second lieutenant, Fourth Artillery, United States Army, and served until January 1870; resigned. Aid-de-camp, with rank of colonel, to Hon. Charles Foster, governor of Ohio, 1880-1884; captain, First Cleveland Troop (Troop A, Ohio National Guard), from September 12, 1887, to January 1, 1892; resigned. "In the war with Spain was appointed brigadier general, United States Volunteers, May 27, 1898; assigned to command of Second Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corp (composed of the Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the Sixth Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry and the Sixth Illinois Volunteer Infantry), June 5, 1898, at Camp Alger, Virginia. Left Camp Alger with brigade, July 5, 1898, to reinforce General Shafter at Santiago, Cuba. Sailed from Charleston, South Carolina, with two regiments (one regiment of brigade sailing from New York), July 8, 1898, and landed at Siboney, Cuba, July 11, 1898. Took part in the demonstrations against the Spanish works at entrance to Santiago Harbor before the surrender. After the capitulation of Santiago, joined General Miles' expedition to Porto Rico. Landed at Guanica, Porto Rico, with two regiments of brigade (Sixth Massachusetts and Sixth Illinois), July 25, 1898,-the first United States troops landed on the island. Was in command of United States troops (seven companies of Sixth Massachusetts Infantry and one company of the Sixth Illinois Infantry) in action with Spanish forces, between Guanica and Yauco, Porto Rico, July 26, 1898, in which action the enemy were driven back and evacuated the city of Yauco, leaving the terminal of the railway to Ponce in our hands and causing the surrender of the city of Ponce, two days later. Was recommended by Lieutenant General Miles and Major General Guy V. Henry, United States Army, to be brevet major general of volunteers for gallantry in this action. Participated in the Porto Rican campaign until the signing of the Peace Protocol, marching with brigade as far' north as the city of Utuado. After the cessation of hostilities was relieved from duty in Porto Rico. Was honorably discharged November 30, 1898. Was again recommended to be brevet major general of volunteers for gallantry in the action at Guanica by board of regular army officers specially constituted to inquire into the recommendations made by various commanding officers for brevets and medals of honor during the war with Spain." General Garretson is a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States, also of the Spanish War Veterans, the Society of the Porto Rican Invasion, the Military Order of Foreign Wars and the Naval and Military 436 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Order of Spanish-American War. In more specifically social lines he is connected with the Union, Country, Roadside, Euclid and University Clubs of Cleveland and the University Club of New York. On the gist of September, 1870, General Garretson was married to Miss Anna Scowden, who died in 1886. In 1888 he wedded Emma R. Ely, a daughter of Hon. George H. and Amelia R. Ely. Their children are Margaret, George and Hiram, who are with them m an attractive home at 3716 Euclid avenue. General Garretson devotes his leisure hours, aside from those which he spends most happily at his fireside, in motoring and golf. As an active head of one of Cleveland's leading banks, he may properly be placed among the most prominent financiers of the country. He is a leading figure in the business and public affairs of the metropolis of Ohio and has demonstrated his ability by making the company of which he is the president one of the most stable financial institutions of the state. In military circles he has also won high honors and may well be proud of the title to which he has attained, yet he wears his honors with becoming modesty. ARTHUR ADELBERT STEARNS. Arthur Adelbert Stearns, who for alm0st three decades has figured in a position of prominence in connection with the Cleveland bar, has also been an active factor in various fields which have been contributory to the city's substantial development and growth in lines of general progress. Numbered among Cuyahoga county's native sons, Arthur Adelbert Stearns was born July 18, 1858, and after mastering the branches of learning taught in the public schools, he became a student in Buchtel College, at Akron, Ohio, from which institution he was graduated with the class of 1879, the degree of Bachelor of Arts being at that time conferred upon him. He supplemented his classical course by preparation for the practice of law in the law school of Harvard University. Mr. Stearns was admitted to the bar in Ohio in 1881 and in the intervening years has made continuous progress in his profession, long occupying a position of distinction in the ranks of the legal fraternity of this city. As few men have done, he seems to realize the importance of the profession to which he has devoted his energies and the fact that he often holds in his hands justice and the higher attribute of mercy. His reputation as a lawyer has been won through earnest, honest labor and his standing at the bar is a merited tribute to his ability. He has had conferred upon him the honorary degrees of Master of Arts and Doctor of Laws. In his practice he was for six years, from 1884 until 1890, associated with Herman A. Kelley, under the firm name of Stearns & Kelley, since that time has been associated in practice with John A. Chamberlain, under the name of Stearns & Chamberlain and later with William F. Carr and Joseph C. Royal under the name of Carr, Stearns, Chamberlain & Royon. Since the death of Mr. Carr in September, 1909, the firm name has been changed to Stearns, Chamberlain & Royon. His position at the bar is indicated by the large and distinctively representative clientage accorded him. From 1894 until 1909 he was professor of the law of suretyship and mortgages and of bills and notes in the Western Reserve University Law School. He is a frequent contributor to the Western Reserve Law Journal and other legal publications, and is the author of a treatise on Law of Suretyship and Annotated Cases in Suretyship, the latter volume now being in use by many law schools. He contributed the chapter on the Law of Indemnity in the recent extensive publication known as the "Encyclopedia of Law & Procedure." On the 21st of November, 1888, Mr. Stearns was united in marriage to Miss Lillian G. Platt, of Cincinnati, and they have a son, Elliott E. Stearns, and two daughters, Helen H. and Dorothy D. The family are prominent socially and Mr. Stearns' activity has carried him into important relations with public inter- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 439 ests. The cause of education has ever found in him a stalwart champion and, ever keenly interested in his alma mater, he served for eighteen years as one of the trustees of Buchtel College. He was also its financial agent in 1887 and 1888 and has rendered valuable service to the school in many ways. His political allegiance has always been given to the republican party. In May, 1908, Mr. Stearns was chosen by the Municipal Traction Company as one of the arbitrators to arbitrate the many points under consideration involved in the street car strike. He has at all times been interested in matters of municipal moment and has given his support to various measures which he deems vital to the city's upbuilding and improvement. His social nature finds expression in his membership in the Union, the Colonial and other clubs and his standing among his brethren of the legal fraternity is indicated by the fact that he served for many years as secretary of the Cleveland Bar Association and in 1907 was honored with election as president. He has been an extensive traveler in foreign lands, having made ten visits to Europe, covering all the beaten paths of travel and many "out of the way" places. WILLIAM M. RAYNOLDS. William M. Raynolds, attorney at law, specializing in his practice in the department of real-estate and corporation law, came to the Cleveland bar in 1875 and in the thirty-five years of his connection therewith has made continuous progress in the importance and extent of his legal interests. While for a brief period he was at school in the east, with this exception his entire life has been passed in Ohio. He was born at Painesville, this state, on the 3d of May, 1851, and at the usual age entered the public school, there pursuing his studies to the age of fifteen, after which he spent two years in the military school at Poughkeepsie, New York. His more advanced course was pursued in Kenyon College at Gambier, Ohio, where he was graduated with the class of 1873, and on coming to Cleveland he entered the Ohio State and Union Law College, from which he was graduated in 1874. Since his admission to the bar in the same year Mr. Raynolds has practiced in the courts of this city, always confining his attention to civic law and mostly to real-estate and corporation business. He is recognized as a strong advocate and safe counselor, familiar with principle and precedent and recognizing also the limitations imposed through legislation in the maintenance of equity and justice. Mr. Raynolds is also a representative of financial circles in that he is president of the German-American Savings Bank Company. Neither is he unknown in connection with the management of affairs relative t0 municipal and political interests. For one term he acted as chairman of the republican city central committee and displayed excellent powers of management in that position. His wide reading and comprehensive study have enabled him to support his political position by intelligent argument, and the logical mind of the lawyer is evidenced in all of his conclusions. CLARENCE E. TERRILL. Clarence E. Terrill, a prosperous and representative business man of Cleveland, has been in charge of Rockefeller's real-estate interests in Ohio since April, 1005. His birth occurred in Broome county, New York, on the 14th of April, 1862, his parents being Eugene W. and Clara S. (McClure) Terrill, who were likewise natives of the Empire state. In the paternal line our subject is descended from an old Connecticut family who removed to New York at an 440 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND early day. The first representatives of the McClure family in this country made their way from Scotland to New York, being among the earliest settlers of Broome county, that state. Eugene W. Terrill, the father of Clarence E. Terrill, was born in Chenango county, New York, in 1831, and followed general agricultural pursuits throughout his active business career. His wife, whose birth occurred in Broome county, New York, in 1841, was called to her final rest in 1897. In his youthful days Clarence E. Terrill pursued his studies in the public schools and when his education was completed he entered a printing establishment in his native county being thus employed for about a year. Subsequently he secured a position in the office 0f the Sturtevant-Larrabee Company, manufacturers of carriages at- Binghamton, New York, and that his services proved entirely satisfactory to his employers is indicated by the fact that he remained with them for about twenty-three years. In April, 1905, he came to Cleveland as manager of the Abeyton Realty Company and has since had charge of Rockefeller's real-estate interests in Ohio, in which connection his keen business acumen and capable management have been daily manifest. In 1885 Mr. Terrill was united in marriage to Miss Delia R. Spencer, of New York. They have a daughter, Nina B., who was born in 1887. She is a graduate of the Western Reserve University. Politically Mr. Terrill is a stanch democrat, while his religious faith is indicated by his membership in the Windermere Presbyterian church. He is deeply and helpfully interested in the work of the church, serves as one of its elders and likewise acts as superintendent of the Sunday school. Though a comparatively recent arrival in Cleveland, he has already won many friends here and has gained favorable recognition in business circles by reason of his enterprise, his alert and energetic spirit and his successful accomplishment. ROBERT WILSON PATON. Robert Wilson Paton, a retired manufacturer and real-estate dealer of Cleveland, who has retired from active participation in the world of affairs and business, was born in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland, March 10, 1834, a son of James and Elizabeth (Donald) Paton. The father was a machinist by trade and for twenty-five years was foreman of the Dunfermline foundry. He and his wife passed away before their son Robert came to America. Robert Wilson Paton was educated in a pay school near his Scotland home, one in which the pupil had to bring the week's tuition with him when he went to his lessons on Monday morning. At the age of fifteen he put aside his textbooks and entered the Dunfermline foundry, working there under his father until twenty years old. Then he found employment in the foundry at St. Tolix, remaining there three years. During the last two years there, times in Scotland were very dull and hundreds of men were unable to secure employment, so that many of his friends considered it a rash thing on his part to give up his situation and come to America. Time has proved, however, that the change was not a mistake. In June, 1857, Mr. Paton emigrated to the new world. After landing he came directly to Ohio, for one of his brothers had located in Newburg a year previously. He secured employment in the old mill of Stone, Chisholm & Jones, remaining with them until in conjunction with his brother and others he engaged with the Union Iron Works. Upon severing his connection with that concern, Mr. Paton engaged in the real-estate and coal business, in which he was successful. He opened an allotment on Union and Excell streets, held property of value in other sections of the city and owns extensive tracts in the. Newburg district of the city. He is a direc- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 441 tor in the Columbia Savings & Loan Company. In all of his operations in the world of finance and business the sagacity and farsightedness evident in his emigration to America are seen. He has always been able to view the market keenly, to make his investment with discrimination, so that they returned him a generous income. In 1899 he retired and moved into a fine residence at 1952 East Eighty- first street, Cleveland, where he has since lived. On the 12th of February, 1868, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Paton and Miss Mary Loveday, a daughter of James and Sarah (Hurlbut) Loveday. Her father was a contractor and a native of England. Mrs. Paton was also born in England and did not come to America until 1865. Three children have been granted to Mr. and Mrs. Paton. Elizabeth is the wife of Daniel R. Davies, who is the secretary and treasurer of the Acme Machinery Company. James Loveday is in charge of the loan department of the Columbia Savings & Loan Company. Willis is in the employ of the Pattison Supply Company. Since he became a citizen of this nation Mr. Paton has always given stalwart support to the republican party, while his religious faith is manifest in his membership in the Presbyterian church. For more than forty years he has been a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a man who has at all times held to the principles of upright and honorable manhood and has had that kindly spirit which, joined to tactfulness in his treatment of others, has been one secret of his power to dominate his fellowmen, to obtain from them their goodwill and esteem, without which his commercial success would be deprived of its real satisfaction. FRED J. FONTIUS. Fred J. Fontius, employed in boyhood in a humble capacity in a Cleveland basket factory, has through various changes in his business life made continuous and substantial progress until he has reached his present responsible position as general manager for the firm of N. 0. Stone & Company. Cleveland is his natal city and the date of his birth was January 7, 1866. His father, Jacob Fontius, was born in Baden, Germany, in 1813, and came to America m 1843, settling first at Lancaster, Ohio, where he lived for a few years. He then removed to Brooklyn, Cuyahoga county, and gave his attention not only to general farming but also to the manufacture of wagons. He continued actively and successfully in business for a number of years and then retired, enjoying the fruits of his former toil in well earned rest throughout his remaining days, his death occurring in 1893. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Gross, was also a native of Germany, in which country they were married in 1835. They reared a family of six children, of whom five are now residents of Cleveland : Fred J., of this review ; Elizabeth, the wife of J. Wagner ; Mary, the wife of J. J. Eberle ; Katherine, the wife of C. J. Kortz ; Sophia, who married H. Fournier ; and J. J., of Denver, Colorado. The last named was formerly a member of the firm of N. 0. Stone & Company but in 1893 removed to Denver because of failing health and is now the owner of one of the largest shoe houses west of the Mississippi river. When a lad of six years Fred J. Fontius was sent to the Tremont grammar school and when he put aside his text-books secured employment in the Cleveland basket factory, where he remained for a short time. In 1878 he entered the service of Taylor & Kilpatrick, predecessors of the William Taylor Sons' Company, as cash boy but after a brief period became employed in the Lamson & Sessions Company, manufacturers of bolts, nuts, rivets and wrenches. He operated a machine there for three months and afterward went to the wholesale harness and saddlery house of C. M. Clark & Company, where he remained for six months. He spent four years with the George Worthington Company in the mail order department and as salesman, and in 1884 he joined N. 0. Stone & Company in 442 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND the shoe business. The ability which he displayed in this line led to his admission to a partnership in 1891, and he has gradually assumed the active management of the business, which is the largest shoe enterprise of Cleveland and one of the oldest shoe houses in business at the present time. The trade 0f the firm is so extensive that the house is classed with the largest retail shoe firms of the country and as the active factor in control Mr. Fontius has not only kept the business up to its previous standard but also developed it along progressive, modern business lines and each year shows an increase in the volume of trade transacted. On the l0th of November, 1896, Mr. Fontius was married to Miss Kate Lloyd, a daughter of Harry and Sarah (Warren) Lloyd, of Barrie, Ontario, Canada. Mrs. Fontius is interested in various private charities of the city. The family home is at No. 2032 Abington road. Mr. Fontius devotes his leisure hours to motoring, fishing, hunting and outdoor sports, together with visits at the Cleveland Athletic, the Clifton and the Cleveland Automobile Clubs, in all of which he holds membership. He is likewise a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Commercial Travelers Association and the Royal Arcanum. When the duties of citizenship call him to the polls he gives support to the republican party if state or national issues are involved, but at local elections votes independently, seeking in his choice of public officials a businesslike administration of municipal affairs. In a review of his record it will be seen that each change which he made in business brought him wider opportunities and broadening experience. He has always made a close and discriminating study of business and this, combined with his faculty of winning friends and his habit of keeping abreast of the times in the conduct of business affairs, constitutes the factors to which his success may be accredited. WILLIAM FAIRCHILD BULKELEY. In business lines William Fairchild Bulkeley made the force of his ability and his individuality felt, accomplishing what he undertook. His life was one of intense and well directed activity and though it covered but forty-five years he accomplished much during that period. His birth occurred in Ballston Spa, New York, August 26, 1854. His father, Hiram Worthington Bulkeley, conducted a noted school for boys at that place and after long, active and valuable identification with educational interests he retired to private life and removed to Cleveland. He was widely known both as a minister and educator and left the impress of his individuality for good upon the lives of many with whom he came in contact. - William F. Bulkeley spent his youthful days in the east, acquiring his education under the direction of his father. In 1872 when a young man of about eighteen years he came to Cleveland and from 1875 until his death was continuously connected with the Leader Printing Company. He entered its employ as a bookkeeper and in 1889 was made treasurer of the company, in which position he continued up to the time of his demise. As a business man he fully met the requirements of his responsible position and to his duties brought keen discrimination that enabled him to look beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities and opportunities of the future. He was greatly devoted to the paper and did all in his power to make it a successful and profitable publication and through his persistent efforts he won the success which he desired. Mr. Bulkeley was married in Monmouth, Illinois, to Miss Margaret Duer, who survives him together with two daughters, Mrs. Ann 0. Danielson, and Dorothy L., who is yet at home with her parents. In his political views Mr. Bulkeley was an earnest republican, interested in the growth and success of the party because HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 445 he believed it contained the best elements of good government. His religious faith was that of the Presbyterian church and he conformed his life to its teachings. He died May 10, 1899, and a life of usefulness, of activity and honor was thus brought to an end. He had many friends in the city, having gained a wide acquaintance during the twenty-seven years of his residence in Cleveland, which his manly and substantial qualities won him the warm regard of those with whom he daily came in contact. CHRISTIAN A. SCHLUP. Christian A. Schlup, who in 1904 organized the Merwin Iron & Metal Company in partnership with W. C. Timm, has since conducted a profitable enterprise of this character at No. 1722 Merwin avenue in Cleveland. His birth occurred in Wayne county, Ohio, on the 25th of February, 1865, his parents being John and Regina Schlup. He attended the public schools until nineteen years of age and then taught in the district schools for a period of eight years, imparting clearly and readily to others the knowledge that he had acquired. He afterward came to Cleveland and entered the Spencerian Business College, where he remained as a student for seven months. In the year 1892 he entered the service of A. I. Sanger & Harris Brothers as a bookkeeper, being employed in that capacity until 1904. In association with W. C. Timm he then organized the Merwin Iron & Metal Company and they have since built up an extensive and successful business, handling a general line of scrap iron and metal. They employ a force of eight men. Mr. Schlup is a man of keen discernment, excellent executive ability and unfaltering integrity and has therefore won a gratifying measure of prosperity in his undertakings. On the 25th of February, 1892, in Wayne county, Ohio, Mr. Schlup wedded Miss Minnie McGee. They now have two sons, as follows: Albert Raymond, who is fourteen years of age and attends the public school ; and Christian Elmer, a lad of twelve, who is likewise a public school student. The family residence is at No. 6105 Carnegie avenue. When exercising his right of franchise Mr. Schlup is not bound by party ties but casts an independent ballot.. In religious faith he is a Protestant. His personal characteristics render him popular with many friends and he is much esteemed in social and business circles of the city. ALEXANDER SMITH. Alexander Smith who has been prominent in financial circles of Cleveland for many decades, was born in Malden, Canada, December 19, 1843. His parents, George Smith and his wife, were both natives of Edinburgh, Scotland, where they were married. After their union they came to America, settling first in Canada and later crossing the boundary and taking up their residence in Cleveland. Here the mother passed away in 1850, and the father six years later. Alexander Smith was two years of age when he came with his parents to Cleveland. He attemded the public schools here, although he was forced, owing to the death of his father, to abandon his education when he was thirteen years of age. Accordingly, in 1856, he left Cleveland to work upon a farm near Erie, Pennsylvania, for T. W. Evans. Three years later, in 1859, Mr. Evans came to Cleveland, accompanied by Mr. Smith, who had an opportunity of spending one more year in the common schools. In this city the former opened a commission house on Union lane, near Superior street, it being one of the first four concerns of its kind established here. Mr. Smith continued to work for his former em- 446 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ployer until 1881, when he embarked in business for himself, locating upon the corner of Howe and Ontario streets. In 1888 he moved to Broadway, establishing the first commission house on that thoroughfare, which is now the busiest commission house street in the city. He has risen to a position of prominence among Cleveland's financiers and numbers some of its most successful and progressive residents among his friends. In 1865 Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Carrie Thompson, of Cleveland, who was born in England and came to America when seven years of age. After the death of her mother she assumed the responsibilities of the household, rearing six children to useful maturity. Her brothers, Harry H., Frederick and James H. Thompson, all became prominent men 0f Cleveland. Harry, in particular, is deserving of mention for he brought home the Twenty- third Regiment of Ohio Volunteers at the close of the Civil war and was in charge of the camp that was established on the public square. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have two daughters : Mary Ella, who is the wife of Walter H. Smith, an official on the Lake Shore Railway ; and Florence Belle, who is the wife of Harry H. P. Blake, a salesman in the employ of the Advance Lumber Company of Cleveland. Mrs. Smith passed away in October, 1904, sincerely mourned by those who knew her. Mr. Smith and his family are consistent members of the East Cleveland Baptist church, while he is a stanch republican in his political views. His first presidential ballot was cast in support of Lincoln, when the martyred president was the nation's candidate for the second time, so that association has had almost as important an influence as intelligent weighing of principles in holding Mr. Smith to republicanism. JOHN BERNARD WILBERDING. John Bernard Wilberding, the secretary of the Mutual Building & Investment Company of Cleveland, was born in this city on the 2d of March, 1873. His parents, Henry and Catherine (Lasche) Wilberding, were both natives of Germany, born in the years 1830 and 1837 respectively. They were married in that country and about 1855 determined to establish their home in the new world, crossing the Atlantic in a sailing vessel. Henry Wilberding, who worked as a carpenter throughout his active business career, passed away about 1884. His wife was called to her final rest in July, 1908. In his youthful days John B. Wilberding attended St. Peter's parochial school of this city and afterward entered the Euclid Avenue Business College, where he pursued a commercial course. On leaving that institution he secured a position as office boy for H. C. Rouse, the president of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, being thus employed for a year. Subsequently he spent about six years in the real-estate office of L. M. Southern and in 1891 entered the service of the Mutual Building & Investment Company, which was incorporated in that year and with which he has been continuously identified to the present time. Entering the employ of the concern in a humble capacity, it has been through personal merit and ability that he has won gradual promotion until he now occupies the responsible position of secretary. The other officers are as follows : John H. Farley, president ; Isaac Levy, first vice president ; Julius W. Deutsch, second vice president ; and J. J. Sullivan, treasurer. The special feature of their business is the building of modern homes on easy payments. They have thus placed homes within the reach of many who could not otherwise become property owners and the public is therefore largely a direct beneficiary, while from the conduct of their business the stockholders themselves receive gratifying, substantial benefits. Their operations are confined exclusively to Cleveland and that they have met with success in their undertakings is indicated by the fact that at HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 447 the present time their assets amount to more than a million and a half dollars. Mr. Wilberding is likewise a director in the Realty Exchange & Rental Company. In 1896 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Wilberding and Miss Josephine Butler, a native of Ohio. Their union has been blessed with a daughter, Florence, who was born on the 21st of October, 1901. At the polls Mr. Wilberding gives his allegiance to the men and measures of the republican party and formerly took an active part in politics. His religious faith is indicated by his membership in St. Agnes' church. He likewise belongs to the Knights of Columbus, the Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Athletic Club, The Gentlemen's Driving Club and Cleveland Real Estate Board. He has spent his entire life in this city and his circle of friends is a wide one, for he has ever displayed those traits of character which command confidence and esteem JOHN MECKES. Foremost among the leading merchants of his day in Cleveland, John Meckes was also one of the city's successful business men and representative residents- a self-made man in the fullest sense of that broad term-and his history furnishes additional evidence of the fact that integrity of purpose, when coupled with perseverance and assiduous labor, will overcome all the difficulties that may beset the path of a young man in America. John Meckes was born in Maikammer, Bavaria, June 2, 1843. His father, Mathias Meckes, was a master tailor in that country and there married Margaret Goetz. They came to America about 1850, establishing their home in Cleveland, and John Meckes attended the English schools connected with St. Patrick's church. Later he was a pupil in the public schools to the age of thirteen years, when ambition and necessity prompted him to make for himself a place in the business world. He secured a position in the dry-goods store of Freeman & Kellogg, at a salary of one dollar and a half per week. He was at all times actuated by the earnest desire to engage in business on his own account and in 1876, when he felt that his earnings justified the step, he laid the foundation for the present extensive dry-goods establishment which is now conducted under the name of the John Meckes Sons Company. The initial enterprise, however, was small, for he first opened his stock of goods in a little room eighteen by fifty feet, which stood on the site of the present business block now owned by the firm. Something of the rapid growth of the business is indicated by the fact that in 1876 there were but three employes, while in 1907 there were more than three hundred names upon the pay roll and the store is today the largest dry-goods establishment on the west side and one of the most extensive in Cleveland, occupying a frontage of one hundred and twenty-five feet on West Twenty-fifth street and a depth of two hundred and forty feet on Carroll street. On the 1st of February, 1908, the style of the firm became the John Meckes Sons Company, a corporation, with E. A. Meckes as president, W. Meckes, secretary, and J. H. Meckes, treasurer. On the 27th of May, 1869, Mr. Meckes was married to Miss Anna Pletscher, a daughter of Daniel and Mary (Krum) Pletscher, who came from Bavaria, Germany, to Cleveland with their parents in 1833. Later they removed to the country near Newburg, becoming farming people of that district. Daniel Pletscher afterward conducted a meat market on the site of the Baltimore & Ohio depot in Cleveland. Four sons of that family were soldiers of the Civil war. Mrs. Meckes was born in Cleveland in 1844 and has always continued to reside here. Three sons and a daughter were born to Mr. and Mrs. Meckes : Edgar A., who wedded Amanda Dietz, by whom he has a daughter, Gene ; Waldemar; J. Horace; and Meta, the wife of A. H. Baehr. 448 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Meckes was one of the sturdy, industrious and frugal German citizens who through his untiring efforts, indefatigable energy and strong purpose, built up the mammoth establishment that bears his name. He was identified with many German organizations and became one of the founders of The United Banking & Savings Company, and of the Forest City Savings & Trust Company. At all times he was deeply interested in plans for the city's development and growth and to this end he held membership in the Chamber of Commerce and in the Chamber of Industry. Early in 1907 Mr. and Mrs. Meckes left Cleveland for an extended tour abroad and while in Rome, Italy, he was taken ill, his death 0ccurring in that city April 21, 1907. His remains were brought back to Cleveland for interment. Commenting on his death, the Cleveland Plain Dealer said editorially : "When John Meckes died ifi Rome the other day, Cleveland lost a man and a merchant typical of those who constitute the backbone of a community, and who have given this city its civic and commercial importance. Coming to this country and city as a child, he grew from the humblest of beginnings to be one of the large factors in Cleveland's commercial life and its higher life as well. He owed that rise to his own unaided efforts and to his exemplification of the old fashioned private and business virtues. He will be missed by more than his family and personal friends. His death is an incident of which even a busy community does well to take note." When thirteen years of age Mr. Meckes was confirmed in St. Patrick's church and was a liberal contributor to religious institutions of all denominations. For more than a half century he resided in Cleveland and became widely known here. His friends rejoiced in what he accomplished as they witnessed the development of his mercantile interests from a humble beginning to an enterprise of large proportion. Not only was he progressive and successful in business but was also a factor in the public life of the community, supporting many public movements and taking a commendable interest in all those things which are a matter of civic virtue and civic pride. His example may well serve to encourage and inspire others, for it indicates what may be accomplished by determined and persistent purpose. He knew that labor is the basis of all success and his close application and sound judgment advanced him to a prominent place among the merchants of his adopted city. For almost twenty-five years the family residence has been at what is now 2905 Franklin avenue, where the widow resides. Mrs. Meckes has for many years been active in charitable work. She possesses a benevolent, kindly spirit that delights in doing good for others and her unfailing tact, understanding and courtesy enable her not only to see the needs of others but also to meet them in such a manner that the recipient is never made to feel that he is an object of charity but rather a fellow traveler with her on life's journey, her efforts being an indirect influence of an untoward fate. Thus she adds much to the comfort and pleasure of others and for years to come will be held in grateful remembrance by those who have benefited by her bounty and her kindliness. Her charity is never actuated by a sense of duty but rather by that deep personal interest which arises from a recognition of the brotherhood of mankind. CLIFFORD W. FULLER. Clifford W. Fuller was born in Garrettsville, Ohio, February 6, 1864, obtaining his education in the public schools of his native place and afterward at Allegheny College, Meadville, Pennsylvania. From the latter he was graduated in 1886 with the degree of B. A. and later he pursued post-graduate courses, winning the degrees of M. A. and Ph. D. pro merito.