(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 550 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND result of the election was largely contributed to by Mr. McCaslin's work and management, his executive ability enabling him to draw out and harmonize the full party strength. In the line of his profession he is connected with the Cuyahoga Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association, while fraternally he is identified with the Masons, the Knights of Pythias, the Odd Fellows and several other societies. He attends and supports the Presbyterian church and is a member of the Colonial and Masonic Clubs. He is an alert, enterprising man, placing a correct valuation upon life, its opportunities, its obligations and its privileges and as the years have gone by he has come into a position of professional prominence and of social influence. JOSEPH SHERMAN VAN DE BOE. Thrown upon his own resources at the age of twelve years, Joseph Sherman Van De Boe is today one of the most successful and prominent representatives of real-estate interests in Ohio, conducting business in Cleveland, Columbus and Buffalo, as president of the Van De Boe-Hager Company in the field of real- estate operations, while in the insurance line business is carried on under the style of Van De Boe, Hager & Company. It has often seemed that the biographer has rather emphasized the fact that because of one's lack of early advantages and of few opportunities, the individual wins success. Is it not, however, that he works his way upward in spite of these obstacles, calling forth every latent energy and power of his nature to overcome the difficulties and obstacles which are his because of his few advantages m youth ? A self-reliant, enterprising and determined spirit has led Mr. Van De Boe to a prominent place m the business world, his record being at all times creditable, while his success is most gratifying. A native of Cooperstown, New York, Mr. Van De Boe was born January 2, 1859, on the trail of J. Fenimore Cooper. His father, John Leeland, also a native of the Empire state, was of Holland lineage, tracing his American ancestry back to one of the passengers on the first boatload of Dutch settlers that came to the new world, founding the colony on the Hudson river. J. L. Van De Boe was a farmer by occupation. He, too, started out in life empty handed but became a large landowner and also engaged in the raising of fine horses. His death resulted from a runaway accident in 1865, when he was but forty-four years of age. His wife also passed away about the same time and thus Joseph S. Van De Boe was left an orphan at the early age of six years. He lived with his grandparents on a farm near Deposit, Delaware county, New York, until twelve years of age, when he left their home to start out in life on his own account. For two months he was employed at farm labor at ten dollars per month, but he felt this would not win him rapid advancement and he secured .employment with a manufacturing drug concern at Andover, New York, with which he was connected for a year. He next went to Ulysses, Pennsylvania, and arranged to work in a country store mornings and evenings for his board, while during the periods of vacation he was to receive a salary. He there attended the Ulysses Academy until he was graduated at the age of sixteen years, after which he went to Poughkeepsie, New York, and pursued a commercial course in Eastman's Business College, then the largest institution of the kind in the country. He had come to realize the need and value of education and with characteristic spirit set to work to overcome the disadvantage under which he labored by lack of early school training. Upon finishing his course he returned to Potter county and accepted a clerkship in a country store and when eighteen years of age, at the request of the school board, he took charge of the school there, which he conducted with great success, receiving a higher salary than had ever previously been paid. He was urged to continue as teacher the following year but refused, for, ambitious t0 still extend his own education, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 553 he matriculated in Williston Seminary at Easthampton, Massachusetts, where he remained until he completed the course. At that time Mr. Van De Boe came to Ohio with the intention of reading law and entered the National Normal University at Lebanon, where he took up some special work. He was married about that time, being then twenty-two years of age, and this changed his plans, for his wife was suffering from pulmonary trouble and for the benefit of her health they went to Florida, where Mr. Van De Boe planted an orange grove and remained there in the cultivation of citrus fruits for eight years. He also occupied a position as head bookkeeper and general manager of a wholesale and retail dry-goods and grocery house at Sanford for four years, after which he began merchandising on his own account, handling a line of fancy groceries. In that business he continued until 1887, when his store was destroyed by fire, leaving him in debt to start life anew. Mr. Van De Boe then returned to the north, locating in Chicago, where he engaged in the general real-estate brokerage business for a year. He afterward became connected with a Boston real-estate firm, subdividing real-estate and removing to that city. He began with the firm at a salary of fifteen dollars per week and within ten months was made general manager at a salary of one hundred dollars per week and expenses, having charge of twenty-five offices throughout the country. In 1893 he resigned that position to engage in real-estate business on his own account, locating in Buffalo, where he subdivided some property. In 1895 he formed a partnership with W. M. Hager and they came to Cleveland, where they established their present business, which they are now conducting under the firm style of the Van De Boe-Hager Company, with Mr. Van De Boe as president. During the fourteen years in which they have operated here they have laid out thirteen subdivisions in Cleveland and also established a branch in Columbus, Ohio, in 1897, there laying out five subdivisions. They have enjoyed the patronage of more than eight thousand clients and have confined their business to purchasing and subdividing property exclusively. In 1905 they also organized the firm of Van De Boe, Hager & Company, which is devoted entirely to insurance of all kinds except life. Their clients in the real- estate field demanded their embarkation in insurance lines and in this they have been equally successful. In December, 1881, in Lebanon, Ohio, Mr. Van De Boe was married to Miss Mary A. Wood, a daughter of John Wood, a contractor of Lebanon. They had one son, Hugh Robert, who was born in Sanford, Florida, October 14, 1885, and was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from the Central high school. He then entered the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis, Maryland, from which he was graduated in moo, and is now a lieutenant in the navy. He was married June 5, 1909, in Annapolis, to Miss Mary E. Scott, of Petersburg. Virginia, who belongs to an old Virginian family. Mrs. J. S. Van De Boe died December 27, 1909, at Hong Kong, China, while on a visit to her son,, who was then on a cruise in oriental waters. Mr. Van De Boe is much interested in the city's welfare and progress along lines of general improvement and development and cooperates with the efforts of leading business men to promote public progress, especially through his membership in the Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Credit Men's Association. He is prominent in Masonry, having been initiated March 18, 1887, in Sanford Lodge, No. 62, F. & A. M., at Sanford, Florida. There he was raised as a Master Mason and is now a member of Tyrian Lodge. No. 370, F. & A. M. He became a Royal Arch Mason in Buffalo Chapter, No. 71, on the 15th of March, 1893, and was created a Knight Templar in Holyrood Commandery, No. 32, at Cleveland, May 1o, 1899. He has held the various offices in the commandery and now enjoys the rank of past commander. He also attained the thirty-second degree in Lake Erie Consistory, S. P. R. S., October 27, 1899, and was constituted a Noble of the Mystic Shrine in Al Koran Temple, May 25, 1809. He became a charter member of Al Sirat Grotto, No. 17, M. O. V. P. E. R., Novem- 554 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ber 21, 1904, of which he is now monarch. He belongs also to the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Automobile Club and in religious faith is an Episcopalian. Politically he is a republican, active to some extent in local politics but never seeking office. Avoiding sham and pretension, his genuine worth has nevertheless won him the merited regard and good will of his fellowmen, while his business record awakens their admiration and respect inasmuch as his advancement is due entirely to his own efforts, proving the strength of his character and of his business capacity. HENRY W. KITCHEN, M. D. Dr. Henry W. Kitchen, who for twenty years was professor of anatomy' in the medical department of Delaware University and for a long period recognized as one of the most competent and progressive physicians of Cleveland, was born on a farm in Stark county, Ohio, July 8, 1843. He attended the district schools in the acquirement of his literary education and on the 1st of October, 1861, when but eighteen years of age, he enlisted as a private of Company I, Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. At the battle of Chickamauga he was wounded and taken prisoner, this occurring on the 19th of September, 1863, He was then sent to Richmond and, after being incarcerated in Libby prison for forty-five days, was transferred to the Pemberton building and subsequently to Danville, Virginia, in Prison No. 1. There he remained until April, 1864, when he was sent to Andersonville and on the 7th of September of that year he was sent to Savannah, Georgia, and afterward to Milan Junction, where he was held as a prisoner of war until November 30, 1864. On that date he was paroled and was sent to Camp Parole, Annapolis, Maryland, and in January, 1865, he was honorably discharged and mustered out at Columbus, Ohio. He suffered all of the horrors of life in the southern prisons and ere his capture he participated in a number of hotly contested engagements making a most creditable record. After the war Dr. Kitchen engaged in teaching school and also attended college at Oberlin, while later he became a student in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Qualifying for the practice of medicine, in 1870 he was graduated from the Charity Hospital Medical College, now the medical department of Delaware University, where a few years later he was made professor of anatomy and taught in that branch for twenty years. His practice, too, grew steadily during all this period and his ability placed him in the foremost rank with the medical practitioners and educators. He spent one year traveling in Europe, beside making three short tours abroad, the last one in the summer of 1906, and he not only added to his professional knowledge in visiting the clinics and hospitals of the old world but also gained that bfoad culture and experience which only travel can bring. In the line of his profession Dr. Kitchen also served for three terms as president of the board of health of Cleveland. He was likewise elected surgeon of the Cleveland Grays and for many years went with them on their annual encampments. In 1882 he was elected clerk of the court of common pleas and served in that capacity for two terms. When the State Banking & Trust Company was organized he was elected its president and was active in the management of this important financial institution for many years. On the 1st of September, 1875, Dr. Kitchen was united in marriage to Miss Grace Kingsley, a life-long resident of Cleveland and a daughter of Horace B. Kingsley, who was a traveling representative for a New York drug house. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Kitchen were born two sons : Joseph, whose birth occurred in 1877 and who is now assistant secretary of the State Banking & Trust Company ; and Carl, who was born in 1885 and is on the staff of the New York World and a correspondent for the Plain Dealer in New York. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 555 Dr. Kitchen was deeply interested in politics, always kept well informed on the vital questions of the day and was chairman of the republican committee of Cleveland. Fraternally he was a thirty-second degree Mason and was made a veteran member in the spring of 1907, In the early days he was a member of the various medical societies. Much interested in the old soldiers, he did all in his power to further their interests and he was also equally interested in hospital work. He held membership in the Chamber of Commerce, in the Union and the Colonial Clubs and his was a well rounded character, as manifest in his connection with various lines of public thought and action. He won honors and success in his profession and in financial circles and left the impress of his individuality upon the political history and the municipal life of Cleveland. On the morning of September 27, 1907, he was in the office of L. C. Hanna, when he was stricken with paralysis on the left side. The following day he was much better but on Sunday night, September 29, he suffered a second stroke which left him unconscious and he passed away at 1:00 A. M. on the morning of September 30, when sixty-four years of age. It is not from the few conspicuous deeds of life that the blessings chiefly come which make the world better, sweeter, happier, but from the countless lowly ministries of the every days, the little faithful nesses that fill long years. It was these as much as the prominence to which he attained in professional and financial circles that caused the death of Dr. Kitchen to be so deeply regretted and also which caused his memory to be cherished by all who knew him. Mrs. Kitchen still survives. She has an extensive acquaintance in Cleveland and enjoys the warm friendship of all with whom she has been brought in contact. AVERILL LEWIS HYDE. Among the men who are prominently identified with the large business interests of Cleveland appears the name of Averill Lewis Hyde, secretary of the City Ice Delivery Company. He was born in West Woodstock, Connecticut, February 5, 1855. His father, Lewis A. Hyde, well known as an educator, represented a family of English origin that was founded on American soil in 1650, when the first ancestor in this country arrived at Hartford, Connecticut. Lewis A. Hyde died when his son Averill was but two years of age. He had married Elizabeth Barlow, a daughter of Darius and Chloe (Ford) Barlow, and a sister of Merrill Barlow, one of Cleveland's prominent lawyers and leading citizens, who served as quartermaster general of Ohio during the Civil war. The Barlow family is an old one of New England. Averill Lewis Hyde came to Cleveland in the fall of 1862, when a youth of seven summers, and attended the public schools until he was graduated from the Central high school with the class of 1872. His literary education completed, he began learning the more difficult lessons in the school of experience, taking up the printer's trade, which he followed in Cleveland until his removal to St. Paul, Minnesota, where he read law. Later he returned to this city, where he completed his law course and in 1876 was admitted to the bar. He has never engaged actively in practice, however, but his legal knowledge has served him in good stead in the management of important commercial interests. It was soon after his admission to the bar that he assumed the management of the ice business of which his stepfather, Charles Reeves, had been the proprietor. He took control of the business on the death of Mr. Reeves and conducted it until 1888, when several smaller companies were merged into the Forest City Ice Company, of which Mr. Hyde became secretary. This connection lasted until 1897, when the Forest City Ice Company, the Lake Erie Ice Company and the Knickerbocker Ice Company consolidated under the name of the Columbia Ice Company, Mr. Hyde becoming assistant secretary of the new organization. He 556 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND served in that capacity until 1901, when the Columbia was taken over by the Independent Ice Company and he acted as secretary of the latter until 1902, when the City Ice Delivery Company was organized and he was elected secretary. He has since remained in that capacity and has also been a member of the board of directors. He stands today as one of the leading representatives of the ice trade in the city, active in control of a business which, because of its extent and importance, has come to be recognized as one of the leading commercial enterprises of Cleveland. Not alone in business lines has Mr. Hyde put forth his activity and energies. He has never regarded self-centered interests as the real source of happiness, but has found contentment in the recognition and performance of various duties which constitute vital forces in the affairs of life. His study of the political questions of the day has led him to cast his ballot for the men and measures of the republican party. He belongs to Grace Episcopal church, of which he is one of the vestrymen, and he is active in the Young Men's Christian Association, serving as a member of its Business Men's Club and also taking part in its other activities. On the 25th of May, 1880, Mr. Hyde was married to Miss Etta Marshall, a daughter of Daniel and Olive (Radway) Marshall, of Cleveland. Her father was one of the city's leading residents and business men, who in early days served in the city council and was a prominent republican. Mr. and Mrs. Hyde have become parents of two sons and a daughter. Elbert Lewis, who pursued his education in the Central high school and the Case School of Applied Science, afterward studied law and was admitted to the bar in Washington, D. C., in 1907. He is now connected with the patent office in the capital city. Olive M., who was educated in the Central high school and the Cleveland Normal School, is now a successful teacher in the public schools of this city. Charles A., a graduate of the Central High School and the Case School of Applied Science, is now with the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company. The family home is at No. 11209 Wade Park avenue and they also have a country home at Noble Beach, Ohio. LUTHER ALLEN. Like the army, civic life is composed of the great rank and file—men whose labors are directed by others, whose duty it is to follow the orders given. Above these are those to whom greater ability or favoring circumstances have secured promotion, while at the head are the great generals of finance, commerce and manufacture—men who can grasp and comprehend in their broadest sense the economic and scientific problems and are capable of grouping and coordinating the varied and conflicting forces of business life. The subject of this sketch may well be classed among this latter group, for he won for himself a prominent and influential position in manufacturing, financial and transportation circles, and, giving of his time freely and gladly, cooperated actively with other public-spirited citizens in many matters looking toward the betterment and upbuilding of the city of Cleveland. No record of Luther Allen would be complete which did not mention in addition to the chronicle of his various activities the influence for good which a man of his absolute sincerity, integrity and responsive sympathy for all deserving people, charities and causes must have upon the community in which he lives. His consideration for and appreciation of others, many helpful acts, unfailing courtesy and affable personality brought him not only the respect but the affectionate esteem of his fellow citizens. Through his indomitable energy, his devotion to every duty and his active championship of men and measures aiming to further HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 559 the best interests of Cleveland, he occupied an important place in the affairs of the city, both in its civic and business enterprises. The life record of Mr. Allen covered a period of fifty-nine years, his birth having occurred on the 20th of July, 1846, in Gowanda, Cattaraugus county, New York, while he passed away in Cleveland, Ohio, September 23, 1905. His father, also Luther Allen, who was prominently identified with the settlement, growth and history of western New York and held many positions of trust and responsibility, died at Gowanda, New York, February 20, 1847. His mother, who before her marriage, was Lois Marshall Leland, died at Gowanda, New York, in 1852. Mr. Allen thus became an orphan at six years of age. The Allens came originally from England and settled in Connecticut four generations back. The Leland family, to which Luther Allen's mother belonged, came to America from England in 1624 and settled in Massachusetts. Mr. Allen's boyhood was spent with relatives in Cleveland, Toledo and Milwaukee. His early education was secured in the public schools until at the age of seventeen he commenced his business career as a clerk in the freight office of the Chicago & Milwaukee Railway, now a division of the Chicago & Northwestern Railway. He studied telegraphy and became proficient in sending and receiving messages, and a year later was promoted to the position of cashier. In 1866, when twenty years of age, he was appointed station agent at Racine, Wisconsin, which place was at the time mentioned the largest "way" statiton on that road. A year later he was advanced to the position of coupon ticket clerk of the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana Railway and went to Chicago to live. He held this position for two years and when the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway was organized in 1869 he was appointed traveling auditor of all the lines. In July, 1872, at the age of twenty-six, he resigned this position to accept that of auditor of the Northern Pacific Railroad, becoming its first auditor. In July, 1874, when twenty-eight years of age he became accountant for the Society for Savings, of Cleveland, and in January, 1884, was elected secretary and treasurer of this large and prosperous financial institution. In September, z886, he resigned this position to become secretary and treasurer of The Globe Iron Works Company, builders of steel steamships in Cleveland, which position he occupied until 1899, when the ship building plants on the Great Lakes were merged into The American Ship Building Company. From this time until his death, Mr. Allen devoted his time to banking, manufacturing and interurban electric railways. At the time of his death Mr. Allen was president and treasurer of The Toledo & Western Railway Company ; president of The Reserve Trust Company ; president of The Adams Bag Company ; president of The Inland Grocer Publishing Company ; president of The Columbia Fire Clay Company, a member of the executive committee of The American Ship Building Company and a director in a number of other corporations. With all his business responsibilities, Mr. Allen gave much time and thought to semi-public and civic affairs and charitable institutions. He was a life member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and was always interested and active in its work. He was the second president of the chamber, serving from April, 1894, until April, 1895. During his term of office was begun, largely through his exertions and administrative ability, the accumulation of a fund for the erection of the building which is now the home of the chamber. The membership seat plan was adopted during his administration and there was much activity in river and harbor improvements, and numerous other matters of great importance, in all of which Mr. Allen took an active part and exerted large influence. He was a republican in politics and while in no sense a politician, was elected a presidential elector from the twenty-first Ohio district in 1892 and 1896, voting direct for the presidential candidates. He was elected a member of the board of trustees of Huron Road Hospital in 1896 and served as first vice president from 1899 until his death. 560 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In 1878 Mr. Allen became a member of the Cleveland Gatling Gun Battery, enlisting as private. He advanced through many offices t0 that of captain, which he held during 1892, resigning this office at the end of one year to become chairman of the battery's executive committee. He was a member of the Union and Country Clubs, but was thoroughly domestic in his tastes. On the 25th of October, 1877, Mr. Allen was united in marriage to Miss Julia Sanford Bingham, a daughter of Edward Bingham, one of Cleveland's most representative men and long identified with the hardware, street railroad and banking interests of the city. Mr. Allen is survived by his wife and three children, Edward Bingham Allen, Lois Augusta Allen and Kenneth Leland Allen. During his long years of residence in Cleveland Mr. Allen remained one of its representative, worthy and honored citizens. He won enviable success in business and no man's history indicates more clearly the value and power of close application, of concentration, of earnest and honorable purpose and the wise utilization of opportunity. EDWARD PARKINSON ROBERTS. Edward Parkinson Roberts, president of The Roberts & Abbott Company, mechanical, electrical and civil engineers, has through the successive steps of an orderly progression reached a conspicuous position in professional circles. He qualified for his chosen calling in Stevens Institute of Technology and since 1877 has successfully practiced, his broadening experience promoting his promotion until he is now a recognized leader in the ranks of his profession in Cleveland. He was born in New York city in 1857, a son of John P. and Ann (Roofe) Roberts, both of whom were natives of England. The father came to America when twenty-three years of age and took out his naturalization papers in time to vote for President Grant. He was a dry-goods merchant and after coming to America lived nearly all of his life in the state of New York. In 1854 he married Ann Roofe, to whom he was engaged in England. She was a relative of the unfortunate Major Andre. The death of Mr. Roberts occurred in 1892, while his wife passed away in 1899. Edward Parkinson Roberts pursued his early education in a private school at Elizabeth, New Jersey, and afterward entered the Stevens Institute of Technology, from which he was graduated as one of a class of ten in 1877, with the degree of Mechanical Engineer. During the next four years he was employed as lathe hand in the tool-room of the Singer Sewing Machine Company and was afterward draughtsman with Thomas Crane, patent attorney, of Newark, New Jersey. Later he became draughtsman and finally superintendent in the machine shop of George Yule at Newark and was then draughtsman with Hewes & Phillips, of Newark, and later assistant to Hiram S. Maxim, electrical engineer to the United States Electric Company of New York. He served successively as assistant to Edward Weston, electrical engineer for the above company ; electrician and shop superintendent of the American Electric Company of New York ; engineer in the west for a Boston electric light syndicate, and then returning to New England, was electrician with the Swan Lamp Company of Boston. He was afterward erecting engineer for the Brush-Swan Rocky Mountain Company and in 1883 went to Cheyenne. Wyoming, as superintendent of the Cheyenne Electric Light Company, with which he was connected until 1888, serving during a portion of that time as general manager. He became superintendent of the Cheyenne Gas Company in 1885, so continuing until 1888 and was also vice president of the Fort Collins (Colo.) Electric Company. In 1888-9 he was associate professor of electrical engineering at Cornell University and then became assistant engineer with the Brush Electric Company and superintendent of the Swan Lamp Manufacturing Company at Cleveland, Ohio, these HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 561 two being at the time allied interests. Eventually he became general manager of the latter company, so continuing from 1888 until 1893, since which time he has been established in Cleveland as a consulting engineer. He at first followed his profession here as senior partner of the firm of E. P. Roberts & Company and when the business was reorganized was chosen to the presidency of The Roberts & Abbott Company, mechanical, electrical and civil engineers. He is also vice president of the Prentiss Clock Improvement Company of New York city. In 1883 Mr. Roberts was united in marriage to Miss Jessie B. Boardman, of Vermont, and unto them have been born a son and daughter, Arthur Boardman and Eleanor Ruth. The family attend St. Paul's church, in which Mr. Roberts holds membership. He is a member of the Union Club and of the Chamber of Commerce and has been identified with many movements relative to civic affairs. He has served as chairman of the Smoke Prevention Committee of the Chamber of Commerce and is identified with various scientific societies, including the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Institute of Electrical Engineers and the Cleveland Engineering Association. He is an associate member of the American Street & Interurban Railroad Association and was secretary of the Section of Practice of International Electrical Congress held in Chicago in 1893. He was also a member of the electrical jury for the Louisiana Purchase Exposition and these positions indicate the high standing accorded him by the profession in circles in which his judgment is largely accepted as conclusive where any important question is involved. Thorough research, broad experience and deep interest have carried him to a position of distinction in engineering circles in the country. WARNER L. WEBSTER. Warner L. Webster is a prominent building contractor of Cleveland who chiefly confines his activity within the limits of the county and who has made an excellent record in building lines, having constructed a number of substantial edifices here. He was born in Quaker City, Ohio, August 12, 1867, a son of John Webster, also a native of that city, born November 29, 1837, who followed agriculture all his life, death terminating his useful career in 1906. The mother of our subject who still survives, is a native of Noble county, this state, born in 1840, and was married October 29, 1858. Warner L. Webster spent his boyhood days on his father's farm, where he passed through the usual experiences common to the country lad, availing himself of the educational advantages of the district school, where he obtained his preliminary training. Subsequently he became a student at the National Normal University at Lebanon, Ohio, from which he was graduated as a civil engineer with the degree of B. S., C. E., and following his commencement he taught school for several years, finally giving up that occupation and becoming employed in the office of C. N. Griffen, building contractor, with whom he remained until 1899. In the meantime he acquired considerable practical experience in that line of work, and in 1899 started in business for himself. In 1891 he became associated with Mr. Griffen as partner, remaining with him until 1894, when this partnership was dissolved and he incorporated the present company, which transacts business under the name of Webster & Newman. Mr. Webster is an expert in his line and his excellent reputation has won him considerable popularity. He has executed a number of important contracts here, among which are the Pennsylvania Railroad depot at Euclid avenue and Fifty-fifth street, the addition to the Cleveland branch of the National Biscuit Company, the Collin- wood high school and a number of apartment houses and private buildings, notably William Greif's, Lake Avenue residence. 562 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND On November 29, 1890, Mr. Webster wedded Susan E. Smith, a native of Creston, Ohio, by whom he has three children : Agnes Irene, Caroline Lucile and Susan Geraldine. He is prominent in Masonic circles and the Knights of Pythias, being also a member of various social organizations, but is more widely known as a socialist, his views being pronounced. Having given deep study to the question he is conversant with every phase of the situation and is an able defender of socialistic principles. Mr. Webster is an enterprising business man, whose energy, patience and perseverance have placed him in the comfortable circumstances he now enjoys and, his transactions being conducted on the basis of honesty, he has the confidence of all and rightly merits honorable mention as one of the city's representative men. ABEL FISH. Abel Fish, living retired in Cleveland, his substantial income being derived from agricultural interests and real-estate investments, still resides on a part of the farm on which his birth occurred, February 8, 1832. The family homestead consisted then of a considerable tract of land in Brooklyn township, now a portion of the populous west side of Cleveland. The family has been distinctively American in both its lineal and collateral branches through many generations and at a more remote period was resident of England, the line being traced back, however, in this country to one John Fish, who was known to be living in Connecticut in 1654. George Fish, the grandfather of Abel Fish, was born in 1763 and in 1785 married Sarah Hinckley. He was a prominent landowner of Connecticut and there reared his family, which included Jonathan Fish, who in early manhood wedded Sarah B. Young. In 1817 this worthy couple traveled from New London, Connecticut, on horseback to Cleveland, settling on what is now the west side of the city. Jonathan Fish was a prosperous and well known farmer and squire for many years. At the time of the war of 1812 he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the American army and saw active service. Abel Fish attended the district schools until the age of eighten years, after which he spent one term in Merrill's Academy, located on Pearl street. He continued assisting his father on the farm until the death of the parent in 1870, when the farm was divided between him and his brother Jefferson. His entire life has been passed on the old homestead, for his present residence is on a part of the land that was included within the original farm property that his father secured more than nine decades ago. He conducted agricultural pursuits along the most progressive lines and continued to engage in farming until 1899, when he retired from active life. He has in his possession the first poll tax book that was ever issued in Brooklyn township, and also other evidences of pioneer life and experiences. Mr. Fish enlisted in Company C, of the Brooklyn Light Artillery, under Captain Andrews, at the time of the Civil war. There were six companies all told in charge of Colonel Barnett, and their service covered three months in West Virginia, three months on Johnston's Island and three months on detached duty. Mr. Fish has always maintained pleasant relations with his old army comrades through his membership in Brooklyn Post, G. A. R. He became an Odd Fellow in 1855 and his life has been an exemplification of the basic principles of that order. He is also a member of the Early Settlers Association and of the Methodist Episcopal church on Twenty-fifth street, in which he has served as steward and recording steward. His devotion to the church has been manifest in his hearty cooperation with movements for its growth and the extension of its influence and also by his generous financial support. His political allegiance has been given to the republican party since he cast his first presidential ballot for Fremont in 1856. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 565 Pleasantly situated in his home life, Mr. Fish was married December 30, 1858, to Miss Emeline M. Brainard, a daughter of Willard and Harriet (Young) Brainard. The Brainards are of an old pioneer family who came to Ohio from East Haddam, Connecticut, in the early '20S and settled on the west side of Cleveland. Mrs. Fish was born in Brooklyn township, January 9, 1836. Her brothers, George M. and Edward V. Brainard, were both in the Civil war, the latter being a member of the same company as Mr. Fish under Colonel Barnett, while George was in the regular service and remained at the front throughout the war. The children born to Mr. and Mrs. Fish were : Jessie M., now the wife of G. A. Cook, a contractor ; S. P. Fish, who is a market gardener ; and Josephine, who died in infancy. Mr. and Mrs. Fish celebrated their golden wedding December 30, 1908. Both were born and reared in the locality where they still make their home. They now live on Jennings road and represent two of the oldest families of Cleveland—families that have taken an active and helpful part in the city's upbuilding and development as the years have gone by. LEVI JOHNSON. Levi Johnson, who erected the first frame building in Cleveland and owned the first ship launched at this port, was in many other ways as closely connected with the events which have left their impress upon the history of the city and have therefore constituted factors in the world's progress. No student could carry his investigations far into the annals of Cleveland without learning that Levi Johnson figured prominently in the public life of the city during its early days. A native of Herkimer county, New York, he was born April 25, 1786, and lessons of industry, diligence and integrity were early impressed upon his mind. Being left an orphan in his youthful days, he was taken into the home of an uncle, with whom he remained until he reached the age of fourteen, working on the farm and also attending school as opportunity offered. A desire to become a carpenter and joiner led him at that time to take up the trade in the shop and under the directions of Ephraim Derrick, with whom he remained for four years, during which time he gained comprehensive knowledge of the business. During the succeeding three years he was employed by Laflet Remington. He then worked for one year at barn building in connection with Stephen Remington and it was during that year that an event occurred which shaped his future life. Considerable interest had been excited by the onflowing tide of emigration to Ohio and the west and the brother of Stephen Remington made his way to that section of the country to investigate the land and report upon its fitness for occupancy. Corning to Ohio, he visited Newburg, Cuyahoga county, and, being strongly impressed with the advantages of the place, made favorable reports concerning his investigations with the result that many were thereby induced to emigrate westward. Stephen Remington then quit barn building, shut up his shop, packed his tools and in the fall of 1807 started for Cuyahoga county, his example being followed in the succeeding spring by Mr. Johnson, who on reaching Bloomfield, New York, tarried there through the summer season, working at his trade. A few months later he set out with his knapsack on his back for Ohio. He walked to Buffalo, where he found employment and there worked during the winter. In February, 1808, his uncle reached Buffalo on his way to the Buckeye state, and Levi Johnson joined him on his westward way. They arrived in Cleveland on the Toth of March, 1809. The party made their way in sleighs to this city but because there was no longer snow the sleighs had to be abandoned here and on horseback some of the party proceeded to Huron county, where they met Judges Wright and Ruggles, who were agents for the "fire land." A desire was expressed that a sawmill should be built in the vicinity and Levi Johnson contracted to build one at the town of Jessup, now known as Wakeman. 566 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Later Mr. Johnson returned to Cleveland and was fortunate in finding a home in the family of Judge Walworth, for whom he engaged to build an office. Hitherto all the houses in Cleveland were built of logs, but Judge Walworth's office was a frame building, the first that was built in Cleveland. At that time Euclid was a flourishing settlement and rejoiced in the important feature of a sawmill, from which came the lumber that was used by Mr. Johnson in the building of the little frame office on Superior street on the present site of the American House. When he had completed his contract he returned to Huron county for the purpose of fulfilling a contract made with his uncle for the erection of a sawmill. This work required three or four months, after which Mr. Johnson again came to Cleveland, taking up his permanent abode here. The next two or three years of his life were devoted to the building of houses, barns and other buildings in Cleveland and in Newburg, and it was while he was engaged in the construction of a saw mill on Tinkers Creek for Mr. Jessup that he formed the acquaintance of Miss Margaret Montier, who had the distinction of being the first white girl that landed in Huron county, there living with a family of the name of Hawley. The young couple became acquainted and plighted their troth and when Mr. Johnson returned to Cleveland she accompanied him and was given a home with the family of Judge Walworth, the leading citizen of the then thriving village of sixty inhabitants. In 1811 Mr. Johnson and Miss Montier were married and he settled down to the task of building in the little hamlet, his usefulness and skill in this direction being evidenced throughout the city in both public and private edifices. He built for himself a log cabin on Euclid near the square. In 1812 he took a contract to build the courthouse and jail at the northwest corner of the square opposite where the First Presbyterian church now stands. The material was to be of logs laid with their broad sides together for greater security. About noon, on the 12th of September, 1812, Mr. Johnson and his men were just putting the finishing touches on to the building when there was heard, as it was believed, the roar of distant thunder which, however, proved to be the reports of distant cannon. At once he and his workmen hastened to the banks of the lake, where they found nearly all the inhabitants of the village eagerly looking westward, whence the sounds came. They proved to be the reports of the cannon used in the naval battle wherein Commodore Perry won immortal fame by his brilliant victory. A few days afterward Levi Johnson and a friend of the name of Rumidge picked up a large flat boat that had been built by General Jessup for the conveyance of troops and had been abandoned. The two men then purchased one hundred bushels of potatoes and with this flat boat took the tubers to the army at Put in Bay, where the potatoes were sold at a handsome profit, Mr. Johnson thus gaining his first substantial financial start in life. Later he and his companion loaded the flat boat with supplies which were taken to the army at Detroit, and again the sale price was far in advance of the purchase price, so that they again cleared a handsome profit. Mr. Johnson then contracted with the quartermaster of the post to bring a cargo of clothing from Cleveland to the army at Detroit. As it was late in the season, the boat was obstructed by ice and a landing was made at Huron. The venture, however, proved successful and through this means Mr. Johnson became a man of considerable capital. His success in this direction probably gave him a taste for navigation, for he now took to the work of building a vessel of his own. The keel was laid for a ship of thirty-five tons to be named the Highland, and under many difficulties this ship was finally finished and the great difficulty of launching it was overcome by hoisting it on wheels and drawing it to the water's edge with twenty-eight yoke of oxen. It was launched upon the river at the foot of Superior street amid the cheers of a great crowd who had assembled to see the first ship launched at Cleveland. This was not only the beginning of navigation for Cleveland but was als0 the beginning of a series of great successes for Mr. Johnson. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 567 In the meantime, however, Mr. Johnson through his buildings operations was closely associated with early features of Cleveland's history. He built the gallows on which the Indian, O'Mic, was hung and in 1811 he built the Buckeye House and soon afterward several other houses and barns in Newburg township. The little ship which he built was immediately requisitioned for army purposes and the army stores were transported between Buffalo and Detroit aboard the vessel and two loads of soldiers were taken that way from Buffalo to the command of Major Camp at Detroit. On his return trip the guns left by Harrison at Maumee were taken to Erie. Mr. Johnson received rather a severe blow at this time in that the quartermaster absconded with three hundred dollars of his money. In 1815 he resumed the carrying of stores to Malden, reaching there on his first trip on March loth. On the second trip to Detroit he was hailed when passing Malden, but no attention was given and a shot was fired upon the vessel from the fort. The shot passed through the foresail. A second shot was then fired and this caused Mr. Johnson to bring his vessel into shore. When he went ashore they demanded the mail but he refused to give it up, saying that he was not so instructed. Then a party of men from the fort made for the vessel but Mr. Johnson boarded her, spread sail, and being favored with a good breeze drew away from his pursuers and proceeded on his journey to Detroit, where he placed the mail in the postoffice. In 1815 he built the schooner Neptune, with sixty-five tons, and after making a trip to Buffalo he returned with a cargo of merchandise for Jonathan Williamson. In 1817 the vessel made a trip to Mackinac for the American Fur Company and operated in the fur trade until the fall of 1819. In 1824 Captain Johnson, in company with others, built the first steamer constructed at Cleveland, known as the Enterprise, which was of about two hundred tons burden. It was afterward used in making lake trips between Buffalo, Detroit and Cleveland until 1828, when Captain Johnson, sold his interest in that vessel and left the lake. In 1830, in company with Goodman and Wilkeson, he built the Commodore on the Chagrin river, and the construction of this vessel closed his shipbuilding career. He had realized from his efforts thirty thousand dollars clear profit, and this he invested in real estate. He then contracted to build for the general government the old stone lighthouse, on the site of the present one. He afterward built the lighthouse at Cedar Point and set the buoys marking the channel to and in Sandusky bay. Later he built seven hundred feet of the east government pier in this city and Cleveland contains many other substantial evidences of his enterprise and good judgment. Aside from his business connections Mr. Johnson was prominently associated with affairs of importance in Cleveland. In 1812 he was chosen coroner of Cuyahoga county, being the first to occupy that office and he was also the first deputy sheriff. With the passing of the years he invested his capital in real estate and his judicious placing of his funds, together with the steady rise in property values, had brought him to the millionaire class. In 1816 he became a director of the Commercial Bank of Lake Erie. He erected many fine buildings in Cleveland, thus contributing largely to the improvement and growth of the city. He remained an active factor in its life and interests until December 19, 1871, when he was called to his final rest at the age of eighty-six years. The family of Captain Levi Johnson numbered three children: Harriett, Periander A. and Philander L. The last named was born in Cleveland June 23, 1823, and spent his youthful days in his parents' home in this city, where his education was acquired as a public school student. Early in life he became associated with his father in business and they were closely identified in all of their interests from that time forward. P. L. Johnson was a man of keen discernment whose judgment was seldom, if ever, at fault. He was thus enabled to correctly value life's opportunities and experiences and in all of his business affairs he was remarkably successful. He made many advantageous investments which contributed to the enlargement of his father's estate during the latter years of his father's life and after his father's death his successful career continued, owing 568 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND to his capable management of his interests. He received as his share of his father's estate a considerable fortune, which he greatly increased by judicious investments until he became one of the leading capitalists of Cleveland. During the later years of his life he became largely interested in navigation. He and others purchased the barge, Kate Winslow, and later built the H. J. Johnson and the George Pressley. In 1892 he was interested in the purchase of the Minnehaha and in 1893 of the Nellie Reddington. He held extensive and valuable real-estate interests in Cleveland and much of his time was required in looking after this property. In politics he was a stanch democrat but while he believed firmly in the principles of the party he did not seek nor desire public office, preferring to concentrate his energies upon the management of his business affairs. P. L. Johnson was united in marriage to Sarah M. Clark, a daughter of Michael and Sarah Clark and a native of Dublin, Ireland. She was reared, however, in London, England. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Johnson were born six children. The first two, Margaret and Mary, were twins. The former is now the wife of Lorimer Porter, of Cleveland, while Mary is now Mrs. Spencer. Harriett K., Mrs. Clare J. Cobb and Levi A. are the other living members of the family. The last named is a graduate of Yale College and a man of excellent business ability, displaying the same sterling traits of character manifested by his father and grandfather. Another son of the family, Clark Johnson, died in 1891 at the age of eleven years. P. L. Johnson was a member of the Masonic fraternity, being connected with the lodge, with Webb Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M., the Commandery, the Ohio Consistory and the Mystic Shrine. He was also identified with the Knights of Pythias and he belonged to the Vessel Owners' Association and to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He died May 18, 1907, and his son, Levi A. Johnson, is now engaged in looking after his father's estate. To accumulate a fortune requires one kind of genius ; to retain a fortune already acquired, to add to its legitimate increment and to make such use of it that its possessor may derive therefrom the greatest enjoyment and the public the greatest benefit, requires another kind of genius. Levi A. Johnson belongs to that younger generation of business men of Cleveland called upon to shoulder responsibilities differing materially from those resting upon their predecessors, but though in a broader field of enterprise today, obliged to deal with affairs of great magnitude, he is proving himself competent to solve difficult and complicated financial and economic problems. DAVID HENRY KIMBERLEY. The late David Henry Kimberley of Cleveland was a man whose marked characteristics were kindness of heart, courtesy and business strength. For years his name was intimately associated with financial affairs, and the banking interests of this city were safely conserved by him. His birth occurred at Great Borton, England, a suburb of Birmingham, September 22, 1842, he being a son of George Kimberley, also born in England, who became a manufacturer at Great Borton. Later he removed to Birmingham, there to engage in a grocery business until 1862, when he died aged sixty-seven years. His wife, Maria Ashwell, was born at Browns Grove, England, in 1800, and was a daughter of Rev. James Ashwell, a Baptist minister. In 1831 the latter removed his family to Cleveland, and from there to Newburg, but finally he returned to this city and for years preached the gospel. In those early times but little salary was paid a clergyman and so in order to support his family, Mr. Ashwell worked in a nail shop six days in the week and preached on the seventh. He was twice married but Mrs. Kimberley and her brother James were the children of the first. She was twenty-one years old and already the mother of one child when her brother James was born. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 671 When David Henry Kimberley was five years old his mother decided to visit her parents and so with her six children set sail on the Henry Clay in 1846. One child, the eldest, and the father remained in England. Six weeks were consumed in making the voyage, the family landing in New York city 0n Christmas eve of 1846. During the long trip, the ship caught fire but the flames were extinguished before any serious damage was done, but on its following voyage it was utterly destroyed by fire. Leaving New York city, the little party went to Albany by water, thence to Buffalo by rail, and then to Cleveland by stage, as the lakes were frozen over. For a short time Mrs. Kimberley made her home with her father and then with her six children, Alexander, Sophia, Sarah, Frederick, Edward and David H., began housekeeping for herself. She was a self-reliant woman who lived according to strict moral precepts and brought up her children accordingly. Her death occurred in 1876, and she is buried in Riverside cemetery. David Henry Kimberley only attended school until he was ten years old and then commenced earning his own living in a dry-goods house, remaining with his first employer until he was fifteen years old. His next work was on a farm but he soon found that he was not suited for that kind of labor. Like so many boys brought up on the lakes, he had a desire for a sea-faring life and so spent a year on the schooner John F. Warner and the propeller Galena. Having worked for six years, the lad had developed a self-reliance and at the age of sixteen he opened a meat market at the corner of Detroit and Kentucky streets in the fall of 1860. He was doing well in the spring of 1861, but his patriotism could not withstand the appeal made to it and so he sold his business and enlisted in April, 1861, in James P. Mcllbrath's Light Guard Zouaves for three months. Before the expiration of his three months' enlistment, Captain Mcllbrath induced his company to reenlist, and it became Company A, Twenty- third Ohio Volunteer Infantry with W. S. Rosecrans as colonel ; Stanley Matthews, lieutenant colonel ; Rutherford B. Hayes, major ; General Hastings, first lieutenant ; and Robert Kenedy, second lieutenant. Later J. M. Comley became major. President McKinley went out in the same company as a private and came back as major. Probably no other company furnished so many distinguished men to the country as Company A, for all of these men afterward occupied high positions. It was assigned to the Army of the Potomac and later to the Army of West Virginia. Mr. Kimberley escaped injury or capture although many were his escapes. In 1864, when he had served two months over his term of enlistment, he was honorably discharged at his state capitol, having been a brave and loyal soldier. Although a veteran at this time, he was only twenty-two years old. Returning to Cleveland, he embarked in a flour and feed business on Detroit street and continued to conduct it for twenty-two years. From the time of his return to the city, Mr. Kimberley identified himself with the republican party and served on its county. central and city central committees. hi 1885 he was elected county treasurer by a majority of four thousand votes and ran far ahead of his ticket when he was reelected in 1887, retiring from that office in 1890. When William H. Doan died Mr. Kimberley was elected president of the Cleveland Permanent Building & Loan Association to succeed him, and held that position to his death. In May, 1891, he was elected president of the newly formed Lorain Street Savings Bank and in the same year was made president of the Northern Ohio Paving & Construction Company. At the same time he was made president of the East Harbor Boating and Fishing Club, and the Produce Exchange Banking Company. In addition he was a director in the Ohi0 Abstract Company, a trustee of the Riverside Cemetery Association, and vice president of the Permanent Block Company. On May 20, 1865, Mr. Kimberley was united in marriage to Miss Elsie A. Cunningham, a daughter of Archibald and Nancy (Taylor) Cunningham. the former of Pennsylvania and the latter of New York, who came to Cleveland in 1847, Mr. Cunningham was a wagonmaker in Cuyahoga Falls and was in the 572 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND employ of the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad for twenty-five years, becoming foreman of the shops. Later he removed to Columbus, where he was foreman of the Panhandle shops, continuing there for twenty-five years. His death occurred in Columbus. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Kimberley are four in number, as follows : David H., who is engaged in the real-estate business in Los Angeles, California ; George G., who is in a real-estate business in Cleveland; Mabel, the wife of George R. McKay, an attorney of this city ; and Rhea Nell, who was graduated from Miss Middlebury's School and from the Emerson College of Oratory in Boston. Fraternally Mr. Kimberley was a Knight of Pythias, and also belonged to the Army and Navy Post, G. A. R. The death of this prominent man occurred October 29, 1906, and in him Cleveland lost not only one of its most conservative bankers and progressive business men but a loyal and devoted citizen, who had the city's welfare close at heart. He was a warm, personal friend of Mark Hanna, who urged him to accept public office and went on the one million dollar bond required of the treasurer of Cuyahoga county. The life of Mr. Kimberley was filled with noble deeds. Although cut off before his family and friends were willing to spare him, he had accomplished more than two ordinary men. Commencing his business life at a time when most lads are still in school, he never faltered but advanced steadily upward and well earned the high place to which he attained m the confidence and affection of his community. THOMAS WINSTON BURNHAM. Thomas Winston Burnham, president of the Star Elevator Company and a representative citizen of Cleveland, was here born January 22, 1844. He is a son of Thomas and Maria Louisa (White) Burnham and a descendant of one of the old and prominent families of New England. The line of descent is traced back to Thomas Burnham, the progenitor of the family in America, who was born in England in 1617 and in 1635 sailed from Gravesend for the Barbadoes. Soon afterward he came to New England, settling in Hartford, Connecticut, where he spent his remaining days. From this Thomas Burnham there descended a very numerous posterity now found in all parts of the country. Many representatives of the family are in Connecticut and are of a high type of citizenship. Thomas Burnham, the father of Thomas Winston Burnham, became one of the honored and valued residents of Cleveland, removing to this city in 1833 from Glens Falls, New York, where he engaged in the grain elevator business, founding the business now conducted by his son. He was a pioneer in this line of commercial activity and for many years carried on a successful undertaking in conducting the Erie Grain Elevators. Year by year the business increased, owing to the constant expansion of his trade connections, and after a long and honorable business career he retired in 1885, returning to Glens Falls, where he spent the remainder of his life. There he passed away in 1898, at the venerable age of ninety years. He was widely known in commercial circles for not only did he handle extensive grain interests but was also at one time the president of the Cleveland Malleable Iron Company and of the Cleveland Burial Case Company. He was a man of determined spirit, carrying forward to successful completion whatever he undertook, and his probity stood as an unquestioned factor in his career. Politically he was a whig while later he became a republican. For two terms he served as mayor of Ohio City, now the west side of Cleveland, and his efforts in behalf of general progress and improvement were far-reaching and beneficial. He was one of the original members of the Second Presbyterian church and his influence counted for much in the moral progress 0f the corn- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 573 munity. Of his children but three are now living, the daughters bemg Mrs. James N. Norris, of St. Louis, and Mrs. Thomas Kilpatrick, of Omaha. The only son, Thomas Winston Burnham, acquired his education in the public schools of Cleveland and in Union College at Schenectady, New York, from which he was graduated in 1864, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The same year he entered his father's business and m 1865 became proprietor of the Erie Grain Elevators. In this connection he conducted a profitable and growing business until 1875, when he founded the Star Elevator and Mills, which business was incorporated in 1899 under the name of the Star Elevator Company, of which he has since been president Few men are more thoroughly informed concerning the grain trade of this city and his operations in this field of labor place him in a prominent position in business circles. Moreover he is the vice president of the National City Bank, a director of the Cleveland Burial Case Company and a member of the executive committee of the Citizens Savings & Trust Company. In 1869 Mr. Burnham was married in Cleveland to Miss Mary K. Coll, a daughter of Thomas Coll, and they have two daughters, Mabel Gordon, now the wife of George W. Grandin, of Cleveland, and Kate Winston now Mrs. J. Prescott Burton, of this city. Mr. Burnham's social nature finds expression in his membership in the Union, Country, Euclid and University Clubs of Cleveland and of the Union Club he served as president in 1899-1900. He is also a member of the University Club of New York. His political allegiance is given to the republican party but he has never aspired to office. He attends the Trinity Cathedral, being of the Episcopal faith, and his influence is always found 0n the side of right and truth, of progress and improvement. While he entered upon a business already established, by sound judgment, clear perception and indefatigable energy, expressed along modern business lines, Mr. Burnham has not only won success in continuing the business but has enlarged its scope and promoted its importance as a factor in the commercial circles of this city. HERBERT BRUCE BRIGGS. Herbert Bruce Briggs, of Briggs & Nelson, architects, at 669 Rose building, was born at Sharon, Medina county, Ohio, in 1866. His parents, Thomas G. and Mary Crane Briggs, descendants of New York and Massachusetts families of Scotch and English origin, are living upon the old farm which has been the home of the family for more than seventy-five years. Mr. Briggs spent the first seventeen years of his life in work on the farm and in attending the district and high schools of Sharon. In 1883 he entered the preparatory school of Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio, and was graduated from the college in 1889 with the degree of Bachelor of Science. As a boy Mr. Briggs chose architecture for his life work and in college elected his studies to meet the practical demands of the profession. In 1889 he entered the office of Coburn & Barnum, architects, of Cleveland, as a student draftsman and continued in this firm's employ as draftsman and superintendent of construction until 1897, when, upon the death of Mr. Coburn, with Mr. Barnum, Mr. Nelson and others he formed the partnership of F. S. Barnum & Company, architects. This firm continued until 1904, when Mr. Briggs and Harry S. Nelson purchased Mr. Barnum's interest and formed the firm of Briggs & Nelson. As superintendent Mr. Briggs had charge of the construction of the Goodrich House and the Western Reserve Historical Society building and as architect and superintendent, the Caxton building, the Church of the Unity, the additions to and alterations in the Euclid Avenue Congregational church, the Glen- 574 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ville high school, the South Presbyterian church, and Buchtel Academy and Curtis Cottage of Buchtel College, Akron, Ohio. Recognizing the field, Briggs & Nelson have specialized in the erection of Young Men's Christian Association buildings and have built the Railroad and City Men's Association building at Bellevue, Ohio, the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad Association building at Collinwood, the Association building at Steubenville, Ohio, the Association building at Ashtabula, Ohio and have commissions for large buildings at Youngstown and East Liverpool, Ohio. In addition to this work they have erected a testing laboratory for the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company at Collinwood, the Knight chemical laboratory at Buchtel College and residences for E. W. Haines, Malcolm L. McBride and Dr. Henry S. Upson. Mr. Briggs devotes his entire attention to this concern and his thorough training and long experience well qualify him for the most difficult and important work. In 1891 Mr. Briggs was married to Miss Clara L. Cameron, of Akron, and they have one son, Carl C., who was born in 1892. Mr. Briggs is a member 0f the Chamber of Commerce, chairman of the Cuyahoga County Board of Visitors, a member of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Institute of Architects and member of the board of management of the Central Friendly Inn. He was an instructor of architectural drawings in the Cleveland Central Young Men's Christian Association's Institute for ten years and is now chairman of its educational committee and a member of its committee of management. Outside of his profession Mr. Briggs' study and interests have been along educational and sociological lines which have prompted a broad and thorough study, investigation and knowledge of municipal problems. JOHN R. RANNEY. John R. Ranney, who was a prominent representative of the Cleveland bar and als0 left the impress of his individuality upon literary and musical circles and those interests which work for broad culture and uplift, was born in Warren, Ohio, October 5, 1851, and passed to his final rest on the 4th of June, 1901. His father, Rufus P, Ranney, was born in Blandford, Massachusetts, October 13, 1813, and made the overland journey from New England to Freedom, Ohio, in 1824, before the building of railroads throughout this section of the state. His arrival in Cleveland was chronicled in the year 1855 and he became one of the most eminent attorneys of the city, carving his name upon the keystone of the legal arch. He was equally renowned as a congressman and statesman, his labors doing much to shape the political and public policy of Cleveland and the state at large. His wife bore the maiden name of Adeline Warner and was also a native of New England. In the public schools of Cleveland John R. Ranney pursued his early education, being only in his fourth year when the removal was made to this city. He afterward continued his studies at Exeter, New Hampshire, and completed the literary course within the classic walls of old Harvard in 1874. His professional training was received in the law department 0f the University of Michigan and in 1876 he joined his father in practice, the partnership relation being maintained between them for many years, while subsequently he was associated with his cousin, H. C. Ranney, the firm continuing its existence until 1891, when John R. Ranney retired. He was an excellent example of the student and lawyer of high purpose and his fellow members of the bar frequently commented upon his fine mind and excellent judgment. He ranked among the foremost lawyers of Cleveland. He was great because nature had endowed him bountifully and he had studiously and carefully and conscientiously increased the talents that had been given him. A ripe scholar and a giant in intellect, he was as much at home in the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 577 wide field of literature as in the realm of the law and exercised discrimination in the volumes which he read. Art and music also had their place in his life and he was instrumental in organizing the Philharmonic Orchestra, of which he was an enthusiastic member. Neither was Mr. Ranney unknown in military circles, for he served as lieutenant in the Gatling Gun Battery. Fond of outdoor sports, he belonged to the Castalia Fishing Club and the Winons Shooting Club. While he usually gave his support to the democracy, upon all political questions he manifested a broad minded interest, his opinions being the logical conclusion of careful consideration and research. On the 17th of November, 1881, occurred the marriage of Mr. Ranney and Miss Mary Suggitt, a daughter of David and Sarah Elizabeth (Page) Suggitt, who came from Scarborough, England, to America and settled in the Western Reserve about 1850. Mrs. Ranney has been a resident of Cleveland since her girlhood and is a well known singer, for years having sung in the First Presbyterian Plymouth and Trinity churches. The interests of home were paramount to all else in the life of Mr. Ranney, but home was never to him a mere local habitat. It was that place where all those graces which minister to culture and refinement are most cultivated, and art, music and literature all found expression in the life of the household. The demands of his profession were fully met and viewed from every standpoint he was one of the greatest of those men whose names the legal profession will always treasure with gratitude and respect. ADELBERT KENT HAWLEY. Adelbert Kent Hawley died on the 5th of March, 1907. He had previously been well known in Cleveland as a druggist and in all the relations of life, in his business connections, in social and fraternal circles and in the home he stood as a splendid representative of honorable, upright manhood, esteemed by all who knew him for his general personal worth. He was born in Jefferson, Ashtabula county, Ohio, on the 27th of July, 1843. His father, Dr. Almon Hawley, was a prominent physician of Jefferson, who came from Connecticut to Ohio in the year 1803. He married Sophronia Marsh and they spent their last days in Jefferson. Adelbert K. Hawley, spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, attended the Jefferson union schools. He was graduated from the high school there at the age of seventeen years and afterward attended Grand River Institute at Austinburg, Ohio, where he studied Latin and Greek, thus preparing to take up the study of medicine, to which he devoted a short time. In 1863 he went to Philadelphia to prepare himself for the drug business and not only studied along that line but also studied music there. In 1864 he returned to Jefferson, Ohio, and took charge of the drug business of W. R. Allen & Company, so continuing until 1868. Ambitious, however, to engage in business for himself, he opened a drug store in Jefferson, Ohio, where he continued until 1897. He then came to Cleveland and became connected with Mr. Fox in the drug business at the corner of Cedar and East Ninety-seventh streets. This association was maintained until 1906, when he retired, spending the last year of his life in the enjoyment of well earned rest. For forty-two years he was continuously identified with the drug trade as manager or owner of a store and his thorough and comprehensive knowledge of the properties and uses of drugs as well as his ability in managing a commercial enterprise made him one of the successful merchants of the city. On the 6th of May, 1868, Mr. Hawley was united in marriage in Mt. Ver- non, Ohio, to Miss Lida Lewis, a daughter of David C. and Mary (Murphy) Lewis, who were early settlers of that place. The father was well known as an 578 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND expert surveyor and draftsman and did a good business in that line. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Hawley were born three children : Alice May ; Laura Grace ; and Carl Lewis, who died at the age of thirty-two years. In his political views Mr. Hawley was a republican and, though he never sought nor desired office, he was well informed on the questions and issues of the clay. He belonged to the Royal Arcanum and was secretary of the Cleveland Association of Ashtabula People for ten years. He took an active part in its gatherings, which included an annual banquet held in Cleveland. His chief interest, however, centered in the church, his membership being with the First Baptist church of Jefferson, in which he was organist and choir leader for thirty years. Later he became a member of the Cedar Avenue Baptist church of Cleveland. He was a man of religious spirit, whose deep and thoughtful consideration of the things of life in relation to the life to come made him a cooperant factor in all measures which he deemed would promote the moral uplift of the community. As the years passed his many good qualities endeared him to those with whom he came in contact. He was honored for his business probity, esteemed for his loyalty in citizenship and his devotion to family and friends. He died March 5, 1907, and thus was terminated a good and useful life, one which had contributed its share to the world's work and uplifting. ADAM SCHWIMMER. Adam Schwimmer, who is engaged in the real-estate and insurance business, his extensive clientage being the measure of his activity and enterprise, was born in Cleveland, August 18, 1859. Adam Schwimmer, his father, came to the United States from Germany on a vessel which was one hundred and sixty days in making the passage. About 1843 or 1844 he located at the corner of St. Clair and Fifty-fifth streets, where he engaged in gardening and farming, being one of the early residents of that district which is now part of the city. In 1865 he removed to Euclid, where he again engaged in gardening and farming. In 1855 he married Elizabeth Bembouer, and unto them were born two sons, Adam and Charles. The latter is now living at the old homestead in Euclid township near Noble. The father continued in business there until his life's labors were ended in death in 1872, while his wife passed away in 1886. Both were buried in the Euclid cemetery. Adam Schwimmer of this review attended the city schools until he took up active work in order to provide for his own support. His first position after leaving school was with the Otis steel works, where he was employed for about three years. In 1882 Mr. Schwimmer was united in marriage to Miss Mary Bahls and was then taken into the florist's business by his father-in-law, John J. Bahls, who was one of the pioneer florists of the city, doing business on St. Clair near Fifty-fifth street. He died on the 20th of April, 1902, at the age of seventy-two years, while his wife passed away in 1898 and both were laid to rest in Woodland cemetery. Mrs. Schwimmer was their only child and by her marriage she has become the mother of one son, Rudolph C., who was born June 10, 1884. At present he is associated with his father in the real-estate business at the corner of Fifty-fifth and St. Clair streets. The family residence is at No. 50 Chapman avenue, East Cleveland. Mr. Schwimmer following his marriage was engaged in the cultivation of flowers for about fifteen years, or until 1892, when he built a business block containing five store rooms at the corner of Sixty-first street and St. Clair. There he engaged in the grocery business for ten years with good success and at length sold out to H. B. Cook. For the past seven years he and his son have been associated in the insurance and real-estate business at the present location HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 579 and they have an, extensive clientage in each department, negotiating annually many important realty transfers and writing a large amount of insurance. In his business career Mr. Schwimmer has made steady progress, seeking his success along well defined lines of labor, and his enterprise and energy have permeated his entire business career and constituted the forceful factors of his success. He is an ardent republican and his son is also a stanch advocate of that party and is recognized in the community as a young man of sterling qualities that tend to make a citizen of the first order. Mr. Schwimmer has spent his entire life in this city, covering a half century, during which period he has witnessed remarkable growth here with changes that have made Cleveland the metropolis of Ohio and one of the important commercial centers of the Union. CHARLES G. HICKOX. Charles G. Hickox, first vice president of the Toledo & Ohio Central Railway and connected with many other corporate enterprises, was born in Cleveland in 1846, a son of Charles Hickox, for many years a prominent business man in this city represented elsewhere in this work. He supplemented his public-school course by study in the University of Michigan and on leaving college decided on a business career, turning his attention to manufacturing mterests in connection with the flour milling business which was established by his father and which is still carried on by the Cleveland Milling Company. Of the business of this organization he remained as secretary and treasurer until 1890, when he retired from active control. Mr. Hickox became connected with railway interests in 1881 as a director of the Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo Railroad, thus continuing until 1886, when he became a director of the Toledo & Ohio Central Railway. In 1890 he was chosen its vice president, which is his present connection. He is also second officer in the Adams-Bagnall Electric Company, the Lake View Cemetery Association and the Gardner Electric Drill Company, and is one of the directors of the Hocking Valley Railway Company, the Kanawha & Michigan Railway Company and the Cleveland & Mahoning Railway Company. He is likewise interested rn other corporations and is well known as a man of sagacity in business affairs, capable in management and wise in his investments. In his political views Mr. Hickox is an earnest republican, while in social circles he is connected with the Union, Roadside and Country Clubs. GEORGE P. COMEY. George P. Comey, who occupies a distinguished position in the business circles of Cleveland, is the president of the Comey & Johnson Company, manufacturers of ladies' straw and felt hats. Not only is the concern a pioneer in its line in this city but it also is one of the largest and most widely known throughout the United States and one that maintains the reputation of Cleveland as a successful manufacturing center. George P. Comey was born in Brooklyn, New York, April 21, 1858, and was the descendant of a family of Scotch origin, the name formerly having been Macomey. In the days of Oliver Cromwell the family were exiled and compelled to flee to America, locating in Foxboro and Stoughton, Massachusetts. His father, George P. Comey, was a prominent manufacturer of straw goods in New York city. He wedded Miss Clara Dean, 0f Rehoboth, Massachusetts, who was of English parentage. George P. Comey attended the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute and then the Connecticut Literary Institute, at Suffield, Connecticut. After his education was 580 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND completed he joined his father and uncle in New York city in manufacturing ladies' hats and straw goods, remaining associated with them for about two years. In 1880 he came to Cleveland and here engaged in the same line 0f business as a partner in the firm of J. G. Pettee & Company. The business was thus conducted for three years, when Mr. Comey bought the interest of Mr. Pettee and established the firm of Comey & Johnson, under which name operations were successfully conducted until the death of Mr. Johnson on the 23d of June, 1905. Subsequently the concern was reincorporated. Its field of operations has greatly enlarged until the enterprise is the best known of the kind in the country and, as Mr. Comey has always been its active head, the success and growth of the business are largely the result of his sagacity and mtelligently directed energy. He is also a director of the First National Bank and a director and vice president of the American Artificial Silk Company. On the 29th of June, 1881, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Comey and Miss Nannie J. Gill, of Hinsdale, Massachusetts. Their union has been blessed with seven children : Clara M., Florence L., George Lawrence, Frederick Harlan, Ralph, Harold and Robert Comey. Mr. Comey is a member of the Union, Euclid and Automobile Clubs of Cleveland and his geniality constantly wins for him an increasing circle of friends. For three decades he has been a represents ative of manufacturing and commercial interests in Cleveland and his activity has given impetus to the progress of the city along those lines. GAIUS J. JONES, M. D. Dr. Jones was born at Remsen, Oneida county, New York, February 27, 1843. His father, Jonathan, was of Welsh stock and by trade a mason and bricklayer, but he owned a farm most of the time, upon which his family was reared. His mother, Elizabeth Roberts, a woman possessing rare qualities of mind and heart, emigrated from Carnarvonshire, Wales, at the age of sixteen and after a brief stay in New York city removed to Remsen, where, at a later date, she was married to Jonathan Jones, Gaius was one of the children resulting from this union, and with the other children of the community attended the district school, which, as was then customary, was only in session for a few months each winter. Here he manifested a natural aptitude for learning and, completing the course of study at the age of thirteen, he was sent to a select school in the village of Remsen for one term, then to an academy at Prospect, a few miles distant, for two terms. When the academy course at Prospect had been completed, Gaius was a boy of sixteen. He had passed a very creditable examination before the school commissioner the year before, but was refused a teacher's appointment because of his youth. The following year, however, he was awarded a position, although still a year younger than required by law. At the age of eighteen ill health compelled him to abandon teaching, and after recovering he went to Utica in March, 1861, where he was engaged as a dry-goods clerk until Fort Sumter was fired upon, when he immediately enlisted in Company E, Fourteenth Regiment, New York Volunteers, being the first volunteer from his township. While encamped on the Potomac, in August, 1861, an epidemic of typhoid fever carried off a large number of the members of his regiment. Gaius suffered for five weeks. from the fever but remained in the army until January 13, 1862, when, not having recovered sufficiently to perform any service, he was honorably discharged and returned to his home. He was so emaciated that his best friends could hardly recognize him, but under the careful nursing of his mother he regained considerable strength. He had considered medicine as a profession to some extent before entering the army and on his discharge, not feeling capable of performing physical labor, he began to study with Dr. M. M. Gardner, of Holland Patent, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 583 New York. He attended lectures at the Homeopathic Hospital College of Cleveland, Ohio, and in March, 1865, commenced the practice of medicine at Liverpool, Medina county, Ohio. In July, 1866, he was married to Miss Emma Wilmot, an estimable young lady of Liverpool. The following year they removed to Holland Patent, where Dr. Jones assumed the practice of his preceptor, but finding matters unsatisfactory, they returned to Liverpool in 1867. In 1871 they removed to Grafton, Ohio, where the Doctor not only acquired much new practice but retained many of his former patrons at Liverpool, enjoying on the whole one of the most desirable practices in that vicinity. The following year, 1872, he was induced by those who saw his promising future to accept a position as lecturer on anatomy at his alma mater, the Homeopathic Hospital College. Here his great ability was early recognized and the following year he was given the full professorship of anatomy, which chair he filled with much credit until 1878. During two years of this time he also partially filled the chair of surgery. For two years after his appointment on the college faculty Dr. Jones remained at Grafton, but in 1874 lie moved to Cleveland, where his rare judgment and exceptional ability soon won for him one of the most lucrative practices in the city. In 1878, although still a comparatively young practitioner, his high accomplishments as a teacher of medicine were again recognized and he was promoted to the professorship of theory and practice of medicine. He has since taught in this department continuously and has won a wide reputation as an authority upon this subject. His thorough knowledge and experience, coupled with his peculiar faculty of getting at the truth, make him a most thorough and conscientious teacher, while his constant kindly interest in the welfare of his students and his desire to be of help to them in every possible way, make him one of the most amiable of teachers and one in whom the students place the utmost confidence. He is the author of a work on the Practice of Medicine, which is used as a leding text-book in his college. As a practitioner Dr. Jones has had mavelous success. His good judgment, wide knowledge and unquestionable integrity have won for him the admiration and respect of ail who know him. Quiet and reserved in his manner, he is slow to advance himself and all the honors that have been conferred upon him have come simply in recognition of his genuine ability and strength of character. He was dean of the Cleveland Medical College from 1890 to 1897, and when it united with the University of Medicine and Surgery under the name of the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College he was made vice dean, which office he continued to fill for two years and then was elected dean of the college. He continued to fill that position from 1899 until 1907, when he was elected president of the board of trustees, relinquishing his position as dean. On account of the labor and responsibility of the position he gave it up in 1909, still retaining his position as member of the board of trustees, and remaining at the head of the department of theory and practice. He is a member of the Cleveland Homeopathic Society and of the Ohio Homeopathic Medical Society, having been president of both of these societies. He has been a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy since 1873 and is now a member of the senate of seniors, board of trustees and of the committee on Medical Journal of that body. He has been a member of the medical staff of the Cleveland Homeopathic Hospital since 1874, now being on the consulting staff. For some years he was surgeon of the Fifth Regiment, also chief surgeon for the relief association of the Lake Shore Division of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, and also for a time surgeon of the Erie Road at Cleveland. However he soon found that it was impossible to carry on his large general practice and do justice to his surgical work. So, urged by Professor A. 0. Blair and J. C. Sanders to accept the college chair which they had respectively held, namely theory and practice, he complied with their wishes. Still, he pays considerable attention to accidental work, as formerly. Dr. Jones is interested in various business enterprises where his executive ability has commanded the respect of his associates. Notable among these is the 584 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND National Safe & Lock Company, of which he has been president almost since the organization of the company in 1887. Dr. Jones and his wife have been blessed with five children, of whom the eldest and now the only son, Dr. Frank G. Jones, graduated from the Homeopathic Hospital College in 1888. He is now engaged in practice in Cleveland, occupying an office jomtly with his father in the Caxton building. The second son, George W., after passing through high school, attended Harvard Law School and was admitted to the bar in 1892. He continued in the practice of law until 1898, and then, after attending four courses of lectures in the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, he began the practice of medicine with his father and continued to do so until he died very suddenly August 6, 1906. At the time of his death he was professor of anatomy in the college from which he graduated. The eldest daughter was married in 1898 to Mr. George White, Jr., of Franklin, Pennsylvania. A few years later Mr. White died quite suddenly and after remaining a widow for three years she was married to C. 0. Davis. They are now living in Detroit, Michigan. The second daughter, Nellie G., graduated at the New England Conservatory of Music, Boston, in 1898. She continued in the study and teaching of music until she was married to M. W. Lawrence, the manager of the Ohio Farmer and the Michigan Farmer, two of the leading agricultural papers of the country. They have two children and are now residing in Cleveland. Clara, the youngest, has also paid considerable attention to music, having attended the Lake Erie College at Painesville and the Conservatory of Music at Oberlin. She was married in June, 1909, and is now living at Chagrin Falls, near Cleveland. Dr. Jones was formerly a member of Memorial Post, Cleveland, and is now a charter member of the Army and Navy Post. He was made a Master Mason in Litchfield Lodge, Medina county, Ohio, in 1868. He became a member of Oriental Commandery, Knights Templars, in Cleveland in 1878. In 1883 he joined the Scottish Rite Consistory of Cincinnati and was a charter member of Lake Erie Consistory of Cleveland in 1893. At the same time he is not an old man and there is strong evidence that he will continue not only to alleviate the sufferings of humanity for years to come, but also to inspire hundreds of students with a greater desire for truth and knowledge. His ceaseless activity and success is constantly furnishing scores of young men with an example that, if followed, will make it impossible for any of them to say-"I have lived in vain." HAROLD FOREST PETTEE. Harold Forest Pettee, secretary and treasurer of the Hydraulic Pressed Steel Company, which he assisted in founding in 1906, since which time he has occupied his present official, position, was born in Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, November 20, 1875. His father, Simon Erastus Pettee, a native of Foxboro, Massachusetts, was born on July 3, 1822, and died May 30, 1993. He was a son of Simon and Sophia (Forest) Pettee and a grandson of Harvey Pettee. Simon E. Pettee was prominent as a manufacturer and inventor and had much to do with the development of modern machinery for the manufacture of paper bags. He was the inventor of the first paper bag machine and organized the Union Paper Bag Company. By that company he was sent abroad in 1860 and spent five years in Europe in the interest of the business. He then disposed of his shares in the paper bag company and made extensive investments in slate quarries, but like hundreds of others lost his money during the widespread financial panic of 1873. In 1876 he came to Cleveland and turned his attention to the manufacture of hats in connection with his brother, J. G. Pettee, under the firm style of J. G. Pettee & Company, which later became Comey & Pettee. After his brother's death Simon E. Pettee sold his interest to Mr. Comey and the business HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 587 is still carried on under the firm name of Comey & Johnson. He was then employed by the Cleveland Paper Bag Company with instructions to build a bag machine which would compete with his own machine that he had previously mvented and which was being used by the Union Paper Bag Company. This he successfully accomplished. He was working on and had almost completed a machme for canceling envelopes when a stroke of paralysis obliged him to give up all work and on the 3oth of May, 1903, he passed away. He married Fidelia Carpenter, who was born in Providence, Rhode Island, in 1833, a daughter of James and Lucena Carpenter and a granddaughter of the Rev. Josiah Thompson, of Boston, Massachusetts. Mrs. Pettee is still living in Cleveland. After leaving the Central high school, in which he completed his education, Harold F. Pettee entered the employ of the Root-McBride Company as department salesman and so continued for eleven years, beginning as stock boy and winning various promotions through his diligence and trustworthiness. He entered the manufacturing field in 1905 in association with F. Van Buskirk and in 1906 he became one of the founders of the Hydraulic Pressed Steel Company, at which time he was elected secretary and treasurer. Mr. Pettee is well known in club organizations which draw their membership from those interested m athletic and outdoor sports. He belongs to the Mayfield Country, the East End Tennis, the Cleveland Athletic, the Hermit and Cleveland Automobile Clubs. He is also a member of the Royal League and in his political views is a republican, but not so strongly partisan that he votes for republican candidates at municipal election where no political issue is before the people. Mr. Pettee was married October 14, 1902, to Miss Ethel Winter, a daughter of Fred G. and Mary (Winter) Clark, of Cleveland, and they have one child, Virginia Forest. Mrs. Pettee is a graduate of the Miss Middleberger School and is interested in various charities. JOHN P. KOEHLER. John P. Koehler is practically living retired although officially connected with the German-American Savings Bank as its vice president. For many years he was widely known as one of the leading merchant tailors of Cleveland but, putting aside business interests of that character, is now giving his attention only to the supervision of his investments, for he has traveled far on the journey of life, having passed the eighty-eighth milestone. His birth occurred in Wertheim, Germany, February 2, 1822, his parents being Jeremiah and Barbara (Spekner) Koehler. Before coming to America he traveled extensively through Europe for twelve years as a journeyman tailor, having resided in and learned the languages of Switzerland and Denmark. In 1848 he sailed from London for the western world, the voyage to America covering thirty-five days, which was considered a fairly rapid trip for that time. He did not tarry long in New York but from the eastern metropolis journeyed westward by way of canal and stage to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and then walked the entire distance from Pittsburg to Ravenna, from which point he rode into Cleveland, paying a teamster one dollar for the privilege of being thus transported to his destination. The city had only about seventeen thousand inhabitants at the time of his arrival. Here he became connected with the tailoring business and for twelve years was employed as a journeyman in that line. In 1862, however, he engaged in business on his own account on Superior street opposite Bank street, where he remained for many years. Afterward he was in the Superior block until 1885, then removed to the Beckman block, later to what is now the Superior block, and in 1894 he removed to the Penn block on East Ninth street, being continually successful in business until his retirement in 1902. With the growth of the 688 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND city he had enjoyed a constantly increasing patronage, drawing his trade from among its best people and the extent and importance of his business mterests gained him a place among Cleveland's men of affluence. He is now the vice president of the German-American Savings Bank, of which he was one of the organizers and original owners. On the 10th of April, 1850, Mr. Koehler was married to Miss Amelia Schmidt, a daughter of Caspar and Elizabeth (Dittmer) Schmidt, who were also natives of Germany. They became the parents of seven children : Christian Paul; Lottie, George and Gustavus, all deceased ; Julius, the owner of the Royal Peanut Butter Company ; Ida, who is the widow of Casper Dorer ; and William, an electro-chemical engineer. The eldest son, Christian Paul Koehler, was born in Cleveland, January 23, 1851, was educated in the public schools and began his business career in connection with his father in 1868. They were associated through the ensuing years until 1902, when upon his father's retirement he became sole owner of the business. His course has made the family name, as it has always been, an honored one in the trade circles of the city and C. P. Koehler is now one of the prominent representatives of commercial mterests of Cleveland. On the 8th of July, 1880, he wedded Marie Kitzsteiner, a daughter of Gustavus and Paulina (Seefried) Kitzsteiner, of Cleveland. The Kitzsteiners came from Germany in 1855 and took up their .abode in this city. Unto Mr. and Mrs. C. P. Koehler has been born a daughter, Charlotte, who is a graduate of the high school and is at home with her parents at No. 2210 East Twenty-first street. Mr. and Mrs. John P. Koehler celebrated their golden wedding in 1900 and continued to travel life's journey happily together for six years more when they were separated by the death of the wife, who passed away on the 2d of October, 1906, when seventy-nine years of age. Mr. Koehler still survives at the ripe age of eighty-eight years and is one of the most honored as well as the most venerable residents of Cleveland. He is a member of the German Pioneer Society, of the Cleveland Gesang Verein and an honorary member of the Altenheim. His wide travel in early manhood brought to him that knowledge and culture which only can be obtained through such experiences. He came to America as a young man of twenty-six with laudable ambition and alert, enterprising spirit and the passing years chronicled his success, bringing him to a prominent place among the leading German-American residents of Cleveland. MARTIN OLDERMAN. Martin Olderman is one of Cleveland's citizens who has been successful in the dry-goods business. Four years ago he opened up a store at 8900 Lorain avenue with a stock valued at only a few hundred dollars but today his goods at the same location are worth about eight thousand dollars and include a very complete line of men's furnishings and dry goods. Mr. Olderman was born in Bremer Haven, Germany, June 16, 1865, a son of Theodore and Meta Olderman. He was less than one year old when he came with his parents to Cleveland and has been a resident of this city ever since. He received his education in the schools here, which he attended until his fourteenth year, when he entered the world of business. Only one firm has profited by his services during all these years, for when he left the John Meckes Dry Goods Company, it was to go into the dry-goods business for himself. He engaged with the firm first as a cash boy with a salary of one dollar and a half a week. After three weeks his salary was raised to two dollars and he was entrusted with the duties of delivery boy, and six months later another dollar was added to his weekly wage when he was made bundle wrapper. He continued to give satisfaction in this position for two and a half years, when he became salesman, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 589 advancing in this capacity until, when he left in 1905, he was in charge of the flannels and bedding department. Seeing an opportunity to invest some capital he had acquired where it would bring him good returns, he opened up a grocery store, of which his wife had charge during the day. Later he disposed of this and opened his dry-goods store with a small stock. His experience had taught him the details of the business and his energy and assiduity in satisfying the desires of his patrons enabled him to win and retain a large custom, until now the business has surpassed his most sanguine expectations. Much as Mr. Olderman's success may be due to his own efforts n0 one can deny that he owes much, both in actual help and in encouragement and counsel to his wife. In her maidenhood she was Miss Katie Meihsler and they were married on the 4th of June, 1901. They live at 8900 Lorain avenue, where they are ever most hospitable in their reception of friends. Mr. Olderman's success is most encouraging as demonstrating what a man may do through the exercise of his own sterling qualities and by devotion to business. In all his relations he has been found to be a man of sound principles, which have gained for him the confidence of the public. For sixteen years he has been a member of the Knights of Pythias, and for five years of the Vorwaertz Union, where he has made many stanch friends and where he has been able to show the depth of his own loyalty in upholding the ideals of the societies. By the manner of his life he exhibits the value of Protestant Christianity. HOMER McDANIEL. Homer McDaniel, the treasurer and manager of the Sheriff Street Market & Storage Company of Cleveland, was born in Stark county, Ohio, in 1854. His parents, Augustus and Amanda (Stier) McDaniel, were likewise natives of that county, the former having been born in 1828 and the latter in 1834. The father, who was successfully engaged in business as a carriage builder throughout his active career, passed away in 1879. In his youthful days Homer McDaniel attended the public schools m the acquirement of an education and after leaving school learned the trade of a carriage trimmer. Subsequently he became one of the organizers of the Canton Spring Company and for twelve years acted as vice president of the concern. In 1894 he came to Cleveland as manager of the Sheriff Street Market & Storage Company, which had been incorporated about three years previously. For the past four years he has likewise been the treasurer of the company and his efforts have contributed in large measure to its success. He is likewise officially connected with other concerns, being the treasurer of the Cleveland Tanning Company and a director in the Western Reserve Insurance Company. His connection with any undertaking insures a prosperous outcome of the same, for it is in his nature to carry forward to successful completion whatever he is associated with. Mr. McDaniel has taken an active part in the development of the refrigerating industry of the country and is an authority on the subject. In 1908 he was made president of the American committee of the First International Congress of Refrigerating Industries at Paris, France, and attended the convention in that capacity. This meeting resulted in a permanent organ- izatron of an international scope and later in the organization of the American Association of Refrigeration, of which Mr. McDaniel was chosen president. He is also a director of the International Congress of Refrigerating Industries and has served for many years as a director of the American Warehousemen's Association, of which he was chosen president in 1908. In 1879 Mr. McDaniel was joined in wedlock to Miss Mary A. Cobaugh, of Canton, Ohio. They are now the parents of seven children, as follows : Mrs. J. A. Sullivan ; Mrs. R. R. Braggins and Mrs. M. L. Crowell, who are 590 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND residents of this city ; and Edith, Augusta, Louise and Margaret, who are still under the parental roof. In his political views Mr. McDaniel is a republican. In business life he has displayed that close application and unremitting diligence which c0nstitute a safe basis upon which to build the superstructure of success. He belongs to the Euclid Golf Club, which indicates the nature of his chief recreation. ECKSTEIN CASE. Eckstein Case was born in Carlyle, Illinois, July 9, 1858, and there resided to the age of twenty-three, during which time he acquired his preliminary education in the public schools. In 1878 he entered the United States Military Academy at West Point, where he remained for two years and in 1881 he came to Cleveland, where he took up the study of law under Judge J. E. Ingersoll. F0r a time his reading was also directed by Judge Rufus P. Ranney, and then in further preparation for the practice of law he entered /the University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, in 1883 and was graduated from the law department with the class of 1884. The same year he was admitted to the bar but never became an active member of the profession. Instead he turned his attention to other pursuits and in 1887 became the secretary and treasurer of the Case School of Applied Science, to which he has given his best endeavor. He is interested in general educational work and fr0m 1903 until 1905 served as member of the school council of Cleveland. Mr. Case is a member of the Rowf ant and University Clubs and is also a member of the Masonic fraternity. Politically he is a democrat of liberal views and for five years has served as a member 0f the executive committee of the Municipal Association of Cleveland. COLONEL JAMES PICKANDS. No compendium such as this volume defines in its essential limitations will serve to offer fit memorial to the life and accomplishments of Colonel James Pickands, whose close connection with the varied interests which have been important factors in the upbuilding of Cleveland made him one of the most prominent, honored and representative citizens. His name everywhere carries weight in financial and industrial circles and his business affairs were of a character that contributed to general progress as well as to individual success. He was very active in the development of the iron industry and was at the head of the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, which was a very imp0rtant element in the business activity of Cleveland. On the battlefields of the south Colonel James Pickands also won fame and honor and yet there have been few men who have taken to themselves so little credit for what they have accomplished 0r have borne their honors with more becoming modesty. Colonel Pickands was one of Ohio's native sons, his birth having 0ccurred in Akron, in 1839. His early life was there passed and when yet in his teens he came to Cleveland, where he was employed as clerk in a mercantile house. His promotions, owing to his great adaptability for business, were rapid and he was steadily forging to the front when the 0utbreak of the Civil war changed, for the time being, the course of his life. Business never engrossed him to the exclusion of public interests and duties and he was a close student of the questions and issues which preceded the outbreak 0f the Civil war. Feeling that Federal authority was on the side 0f the maintenance of the Union, when President Lincoln issued his first call for troops Mr. Pickands was active in 0rganizing regiments of volunteers. Finally when the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio Infan- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 593 try Regiment was formed in Cleveland in 1862, he was induced to accept a commission and rapid advancement led him to the rank of colonel. He made a most honorable record as a brave and efficient officer, distinguishing himself in every capacity to which his service called him, but even his closest friends only knew of this from what they heard from his comrades in arms. Following the close of hostilities between the north and the south, Colonel Pickands concluded to go to the Lake Superior mining region, which was just being opened up. There he established a hardware, coal and general merchandise business at Marquette, Michigan, under the firm name of James Pickands & Company, and from the beginning the enterprise proved profitable. He became one of the best known men in the iron ore business in his day and the development of that part of the Lake Superior iron ore mining region surrounding Marquette was due to a great degree to Colonel Pickands. He carried on business there until 1881, when he returned to Cleveland and in that year organized the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, his associates in the enterprise being Samuel Mather and J. C. Morse. This firm controlled interests that constituted a large factor in the business prosperity of Cleveland, and in its control Colonel Pickands took a most prominent part, his initiative spirit, his keen discernment and his executive force constituting valuable elements in the successful management of the company's extensive affairs. He remained an active factor in the business circles of this city to the very last and not until a year prior to his death did his health suffer any impairment. Indeed, the day before his death he was at his office in the Western Reserve building and on the following day, while resting quietly at his residence, he passed away "As one who wraps the drapery of his couch about him And lies down to pleasant dreams." Colonel Pickands' interests were varied and extensive. In addition to the presidency of the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, he was president of the Western Reserve National Bank. He was also a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and one of the most interested and active workers of that body. He belonged to the Soldiers and Sailors Monument Commission and to the Army & Navy Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, also to the Loyal Legion and to the Union Club. All matters of civic virtue and civic pride elicited his interest and his cooperation was given to every movement which he believed would further the public good. While he worked toward high ideals he used practical methods and his labors were resultant factors in the city's growth and prosperity. Colonel Pickands was twice married. His first wife and the mother 0f his children was Miss Caroline Outhwaite, a daughter of John Outhwaite, of Cleveland, prominent in connection with the iron industry some years ago. Mrs. Pick- ands died in 1882, leaving three sons : Joseph 0., of Cheboygan, Michigan ; Henry S. and Jay M., both of whom are mentioned elsewhere in this volume. Colonel Pickands was survived by his second wife, who was Seville Hanna, a sister of the late Hon. M. A. Hanna, of Cleveland. The death of Colonel Pickands occurred July 14, 1896, and was the occasion of deep and uniform sorrow throughout Cleveland, and in fact wherever he was known. Nearly every vessel on the Great Lakes carried their colors at half mast in respect for Colonel Pickands. He had lived an industrious life, had contributed liberally to charity and was always known to suppress everything that would bring to him notoriety, and yet the character of his life and its worth was such that he became widely known personally and by reputation and all who knew aught of his career honored and respected him. He was one of Cleveland's most successful business men and enterprising citizens and an excellent estimate of him was given in the Cleveland Leader, which said editorially : "It is hard for Cleveland to fill such gaps in the ranks of her public-spirited citizens as that caused by the death of Colonel James Pickands. Although not a native of the Forest city, Colonel Pickands has proved during his residence in Cleveland his 594 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND deep devotion to the best interests of the thriving metropolis of Ohio. He was always foremost in movements designed to increase the power and influence of this city and in every way he was a citizen of whom all might feel proud. Although few had heard it from his own lips, Colonel Pickands had won distinction in the Civil war as commander of the One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the title he bore having been conferred upon him for his bravery and zeal m defense of the Union. Hundreds of Cleveland people who had the pleasure of the acquaintance of that genial and public-spirited man must have learned with pain and surprise of his sudden taking off in the prime of life, and without any warning in the form of serious or apparently dangerous illness." The life record of Colonel Pickands was indeed far-reaching in its influence and beneficial in its effects. There was nothing narrow nor contracted in his nature. He never measured anything by the inch rule of self but rather by the broad standard gauge of humanity. His business capacity and energy were such as to bring him into prominent relations with financial and industrial interests and, while he won notable success, he realized as few men have done the obligations and responsibilities of wealth. He never sought by precept to make the world better but his life was a living example of the power of honorable, forceful manhood, and he lives today in the memory of his friends, enshrined in the halo of a gracious presence and charming personality as well as with the record of successful accomplishment in connection with individual business interests and with the public service. THE OHIO APOSTOLATE. The Ohio Apostolate was established in the fall of 1894 by Rev. Walter Elliott, the famous Paulist missionary, upon the invitation of Bishop Horstmann. Father W. S. Kress was relieved of parish work in order to assist Father Elliott during the year 1894-5, and learn from him how to make mission work most effective. The Ohio Apostolate was the first of twenty-five diocesan bands that are now preaching their faith to the non-Catholics of America. Father Kress has been on the road continuously smce its establishment in 1894 and associated with him were the Revs. E. P. Graham, I. J. Wonderly, J. P. Brennan, J. P. Michaelis, John I. Moran, J. P. Reilly, Robert Pratt, Thomas J. O'Hern and S. W. Wilson, at various times, although the present members of his band are : Revs. William S. Kress, John P. Brennan, and Charles Alfred Martin. Two of the former associates were converts from Protestantism and were eminently fitted to reach the non-Catholic in the work the church is pushing s0 strenuously throughout the state as well as all over the country. HENRY E. HANDERSON, M. D. Dr. Henry E. Handerson is now living retired. His contribution to the work of the profession, however, brought him eminence as a practitioner, and as an educator and author in professional lines he became widely known. He was born at Orange, Ohio, March 21, 1837, a son of Thomas and Catherine (Potts) Handerson. The ancestry of the family can be traced back to John Handerson, who was a resident of Hartford, Connecticut, in 1660, and for many generations the family was represented in New England. Thomas Handerson was a native of Massachusetts and, following his removal to the west, engaged in farming in Orange, where he died about 1839. His widow long survived, passing away at Chagrin Falls, July 4, 1886, at the age of eighty-two years. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 595 Being but two years of age at the time of his father's death Dr. Handerson was then adopted by his uncle. Lewis Handerson, a pioneer druggist of Cleveland, whose name as a member of the firm of Handerson & Punderson appears in the first city directory. He was well known not only as a leading merchant but also as a prominent and influential citizen in other lines. He continued a resident 0f Cleveland up to the time of his death, which occurred September 13, 1880. Dr. Handerson remained in Cleveland from 1839 until 1851, his early education being acquired in private schools. He was then sent to a boarding school at New Hartford, near Utica, New York, where he remained for two years. In 1851 his father removed to Tennessee and as Dr. Handerson's health soon afterward failed he, too, went south, where he remained until 1854, when he returned northward to enter Hobart College, at Geneva, New York, where he spent four years, being graduated therefrom in 1858, with the Bachelor of Arts degree, while in 1867 his alma mater conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree. Following his graduation he went to Tennessee and later to Louisiana as a private tutor and while in the south pursued a course of medical lectures at New Orleans in 186o-1. On the 17th of June, of the latter year, Dr. Handerson enlisted as a private of Company B, Ninth Louisiana Regiment. In September, 1862, after the battle of Antietam he was elected second lieutenant of his company and in 1863 at Gettysburg was promoted to first lieutenant and adjutant of the Ninth Louisiana Regiment. In October of that year he was promoted to the captaincy and also made assistant adjutant general of the Second Louisiana Brigade with which rank he served until captured. On the 5th of May, 1864, he was captured and spent thirteen months in prison at Fort Delaware, Morris Island and Fort Pulaski. During that time six hundred officers were taken from various prisons to Morris Island and put under fire including Dr. Handerson, who spent two months at that place. He was discharged from the United States military prison at Fort Delaware June 17, 1865. When the war was over Dr. Handerson went at once to New York, where he completed his medical course, being graduated from the College of Physicians & Surgeons of that city in 1865. He then devoted twenty years to general practice in the metropolis, after which his health became impaired and in 1885 he removed to the middle west, settling in Cleveland. For a few years he continued to practice to some extent in this city among old acquaintances, but for the past fifteen years has lived retired. From 1894 until 1907 he occupied the position of professor of hygiene and sanitary science in the medical department of the University of Wooster, now the Cleveland College of Physicians & Surgeons. His writings have covered a wide range, for he has been a frequent contributor to medical journals. He also translated Baas's History of Medicine from the German, and some years ago wrote a pamphlet on School of Salernum. He is a thorough Greek and Latin scholar and while in, prison taught classes in those languages as a pastime. He also fluently reads several other languages and since his retirement from active practice his time has largely been given to research and study. He was a member of the Cuyahoga County Medical Society, of which he was president in 1895-6. He was also one of the founders of the Cleveland Medical Library Association and its president from 1895 until 1904, while with the Academy of Medicine of Cleveland and the State Medical Society he also holds membership. Dr. Handerson was married in New York city, October 16, 1872, to Miss Julret Alrce Root, who died in 1881. There were four children born of this marriage but only one is now living-Juliet, at home. In Cleveland Dr. Handerson, on the 12th of June, 1888, wedded Miss Clara Corlett, a daughter of William K. Corlett, of this city, and their two sons are: Clarence and Philip, twenty and twelve years of age, respectively. The parents are members of Grace Episcopal church, in which Dr. Handerson is serving as senior warden. He has always been a man of scholarly tastes, devoting the greater part of his 596 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND time to reading and literary work. He is today considered the best read man in Cleveland on the history of medicine while his learning along other lines is almost equally wide and thorough. He is a man of strong personality and of high character yet with a hatred of sham and pretension that makes him most modest and unassuming in manner and approachable to all. Though seventy- two years of age he is well preserved, having the energy and vigor of a much younger man and he belongs to that type whose intellectual force carries them into continually increasing usefulness in lines of intellectual progress. He resides at No. 1924 East Sixty-sixth street, where a large and well selected library is one of the most important features of his home. MORTIMER JAMES LAWRENCE. Mortimer James Lawrence, while practically retired, still retains the office of president of the Lawrence Publishing Company and the Lawrence-Williams Company of Cleveland, although he makes his home in Washington, D. C., occupying a magnificent residence at No. 2131 Wyoming avenue. His history, from the period of his earliest struggles with an adverse fate down through the years, has been marked by a steady progress that has eventually won him much substantial and merited success. He was born at Springfield, Erie county, Pennsylvania, just east of the Ohio line, December 8, 1843. His father, John Horatio Lawrence, was an Englishman, born of respectable parentage at Birmingham, England, the family being connected with mechanical pursuits there. When twenty-three years of age he came to the United States and settled at Lockport, New York, where he married Sarah Evans, the daughter of a Methodist minister. During the infancy of their son Mortimer they removed to Conneaut, Ohio, and when he was two years old to Copley, Summit county, making the journey by wagon and canal, for it was before the era of railroad building. Later two years were spent at Camden, Lorain county, and when Mortimer J. Lawrence was about six years of age the family removed to Wakeman, Huron county, Ohio, which remained his place of residence until he had almost reached the age of twenty-two years. When he was a youth of thirteen his parents separated. His father, who was a shoemaker by trade, left the mother without a cent of money and eight children, two older and five younger than Mortimer Lawrence. With the brave and unquenchable spirit that only a mother shows, she did carpet weaving and other work that she might support the family, while the three elder children, John, Ann and Mortimer, also sought employment. The last named worked for many days at ten cents a day and board, and well remembers with what pride he took home to his mother his first dollar—the earnings of ten days' hard work. With close economy the family managed to meet expenses and the children attended the public school for two or three months in a year, their financial condition becoming easier as the other children grew and were able to provide at least in part for their own needs. When Mortimer J. Lawrence was a youth of fifteen and his brother John seventeen, they began cultivating land on shares and soon had a work team and tools of their own. At the first call of President Lincoln for troops after the frring upon Fort Sumter in April, 1861, Mr. Lawrence enlisted but was not accepted because of his youth. In August of the same year, however, he joined Company B, Third Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, and was mustered in, although four months less than eighteen years of age. The company was organized at Milan, Erie county, and the regiment at Monroeville, Huron county. In December they went to Camp Dennison and in January, 1862, to Louisville, Kentucky, where about the loth of that month, they were first paid and Mr. Lawrence for the first time saw the United States greenback and postal currency. In February, 1862, they started on a march through Kentucky to Nashville, Tennessee, and soon after HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 599 marched across the latter state with General Buell's army to join General Grant at Pittsburg Landing on the Tennessee river, where they participated in a hotly contested battle. The Third Ohio Cavalry was in all the battles and skirmishes in the siege and capture of Corinth, Mississippi, and in many others during the long march back to Louisville. In the summer of 1862 the troops of that command took part in the battle of Perryville, Kentucky, thence marched to Nashville, and were in many skirmishes and raids, and were also in the battle of Stone River and at Murfreesboro under General Rosecrans on the 31st of December, 1862 and on the 1st of January, 1863. Mr. Lawrence with his command participated in the march of Rosecrans' army to the Tennessee river in the spring of 1863, in the siege of Chattanooga, the battle of Chickamauga and afterward did some desperate fighting with the Confederate cavalry under Wheeler, relieving their communications so that supply trains could get through to save the Army of the Cumberland from starvation. But Joe Hooker with his corps came from the east and soon afterward General Grant took command, and then came Sherman with his corps from Vicksburg and the great battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge were fought, driving the Confederate army under Bragg from its strong position around Chattanooga and opening up the way for General Sherman's Atlanta campaign in the spring and summer of 1864, in all of which the Third Ohio Cavalry took active part, including the battles of Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain, Chattahooche River and the slow, hard approach to Atlanta. Mr. Lawrence was with the regiment in the celebrated Kilpatrick raid around Atlanta, in which for five consecutive days and nights the command never unsaddled their horses nor lay down. There was never an hour in which they were not under fire and twice had to cut their way. After the capture of Atlanta the Confederate general, Hood, started a flank movement around Sherman's right and Sherman at once planned and put in operation his march to the sea, leaving General Thomas to collect an army and give battle to Hood. The brigade of cavalry to which the Third Ohio belonged went with Thomas and participated in the decisive battle of Nashville in December, 1864, which was the last of the important battles of the west. The Third Ohio Cavalry formed a part of a division under General Wilson and followed the defeated army under Hood, capturing many thousands of prisoners, mostly without firing a gun. After camping for six weeks at Gravelly Spring, on the Tennessee river, in February, 1865, they started on the Wilson raid, going to Selma, Alabama, and captured the city, destroying the base of communication and arsenal stores after a desperate fight with General Joe Wheeler. Later they captured Montgomery, Alabama, burned three thousand bales of cotton, proceeded thence to Columbus, Georgia, and on to Andersonville, where they liberated eighteen hundred Union soldiers and captured Captain Wertz. At Macon, Georgia, they captured General Howell Cobb and about one thousand Confederate infantry, and there first learned of Lee's surrender at Appomattox, which had occurred six days before. Their joy, however, was turned to sorrow the next day by the news of the assassination of President Lincoln. Soon thereafter word came that. Jefferson Davis with his family and quite a retinue were hastening across the country to the south, hoping to escape into Mexico. The Fourth Michigan and Third Ohio Regiments were ordered to undertake his capture. They marched about two hundred miles before striking the trail of Davis but found and surprised his camp just at daybreak one morning. They took their celebrated prisoner back to Macon, whence he was sent by rail to Washington. The Third Ohio Cavalry remained at Macon two months and then went to Nashville, where the men were honorably discharged in the latter part of August, 1865, returning thence to Columbus, where they were paid off and disbanded. Mr. Lawrence arrived home September 3, 1865, after four years and eighteen days spent as a soldier. He was glad to return to civil life but has ever been justly proud of the splendid record of the Third Ohio Cavalry, which was never once regularly defeated. His company never fired a shot when he was not