(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 600 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND in the ranks and he was never in the hospital nor guardhouse nor under arrest. Three of his comrades standing next to him were killed and his coat and haversack and hat were pierced by bullets and a ball slightly cut his upper lip before Atlanta, while a horse was killed from under him at Munfordville, Kentucky, but he was never wounded. Out of one hundred and four men mustered into the company at Milan, Ohio, in August, 1861, he was one of but sixteen who returned to Columbus in August, 1865. On the succeeding day Mr. Lawrence, allowing himself no leisure, began plowing for fifteen acres of wheat on shares on land at Wakeman, at d when this was completed devoted three months to hard farm labor—cutting and husking corn, digging potatoes, etc., and at the same time attending a select school three evenings each week. His soldier's pay had largely gone to his mother to aid in the support of her family, so that he had no financial resources. His education up to this time was very limited, for he had never studied grammar nor algebra, nor had he completed Ray's third part arithmetic. In January, 1866, he took up the study of bookkeeping and mathematics in Bryant & Stratton Commercial College at Oberlin, and was there graduated in May. He was then twenty-two years of age and he determined to seek business opportunities. On the loth of May, 1866, he arrived in Cleveland an entire stranger. After tramping the streets two days and spending nearly every cent he had, he finally obtained a position in the dry goods store of Truscott & Ingham, at the corner of Pearl and Detroit streets, at a salary of twelve dollars per month and board. He was to perform the menial labor of the store but before he had been there two months he was considered the best salesman in the house, was sent to bank with the deposits and t0 wholesale stores to order goods, while his salary was increased to forty- five dollars per month-a good sum in those days. In July, 1866, Mr. Lawrence became acquainted with Helen Irene Mattison, a protege of his employer, W. H. Truscott, and they were married in the December following at the ages of twenty-three and twenty-one years respectively. In February, 1867, seeing no future in the dry-goods store, Mrs. Lawrence left his position there and sought and obtained a position as west side representative of the Cleveland Leader. In this position he was to take charge of all the delivery routes of all territory west of the hill on the east side and all on the west side, and to bring reports every day of anything in the way of news from the west side, for which he was to receive ten dollars a week and the profits of the routes. He carried one of the routes himself several months, starting at five o'clock every morning and delivering from one hundred and fifty to two hundred papers, and returning home in time for a seven or eight o'clock breakfast. In three months he had more than doubled the Leader's circulation in his territory. He did the collecting for all routes, going over each every two weeks. His profit was five cents per week on each subscriber and out of this he was to pay all carriers and stand all losses. He had to visit the west side police station at nine o'clock every night, also the fire station, and if there was any news, make note of it, write it out in the editorial rooms of the Leader, see the proof and then walk home after two o'clock in the morning to be up at five to carry his route. He had not been long with the Leader before he commenced soliciting advertisements, on all orders of which he was paid fifteen per cent. He also engaged to solicit orders for the annual city directory, which the Leader Company then published. He made fifty cents on each order and an additional ten cents for delivering and collecting. He continued this work until December 31, 1867, and found that his net earnings amounted to little over a hundred dollars a month. On January 2, 1868, he closed a contract with the Cleveland Herald, then the leading paper of the city, t0 solicit advertising, do collecting, write all paid reading notices and travel for weekly circulation. His first contract was on a combination commission and salary basis and at the end of the year he had earned twenty- eight hundred dollars. The firm then wanted to employ him on a straight salary, which they had previously declined to do. The negotiations resulted in their pay- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 601 ing Mr. Lawrence a salary of eighteen hundred dollars for 1869 and thereafter twenty-one hundred dollars per year. He continued with the Herald until April 1872, when he resigned to accept the general special agency for the Wilson Sewing Machine Company at a salary of twenty-five hundred dollars a year and all expenses. In that position he was required to visit the branch houses and general agencies all over the country, investigate their books and manner of doing business, with authority to change or add to any system or rules that he deemed could be improved. During that engagement, which covered eight months, he visited nearly every important city in the United States, including the Pacific coast cities, also went to Japan, China and Malay, traveling in eight months over forty thousand miles and taking his first ocean voyage. While Mr. Lawrence was employed on the Cleveland Herald the office did the press work for the Ohio Farmer and he had to go to the office of that paper each week to collect the bill for press work. Thus he gained a knowledge of the paper and its affairs. He had been reared upon a farm and at this time had had five years' newspaper experience, so that he felt equipped to conduct such a paper as the Ohio Farmer. He negotiated its purchase for ten thousand dollars, although it then had not over five thousand bona fide subscribers. Although it had been in existence for twenty-four years, it had never been a paying enterprise. Its founder, George Brown, had failed with thirty-six thousand dollars liability when it was eight years old. Others had been no more successful and on the 1st of December, 1872, Mr. Lawrence took over the paper, which was published under his name as editor and proprietor for the first time on January 2, 1873. To make the purchase he had to borrow nine thousand dollars at ten per cent interest. His friends urgently advised against this, but nevertheless, at the age of twenty- nine years, he became the owner of the Ohio Farmer, determined and ambitious to make it a success. During his first two years he employed but five people. He was then fortunate in securing M. E. Williams, assistant editor of a New York agricultural paper, to take charge of the editorial department of the Farmer, and he has since continued in that position, Mr. Lawrence attributing much of the success to his ability, sound judgment and industry. When he took possession the subscription price was two dollars per year. The paper sells for seventy-five cents per year and has a circulation of one hundred and thirty thousand. In all of his undertakings and connection with the paper Mr. Lawrence met with success, carefully forming and executing his plans and so directing his energies that the best possible results were obtained. He still retains the presidency of the company, although he is not now active in the management. In 1881 he went to France, where he arranged for the sale as sole agent in the United States and Canada of Gombault's Caustic Balsam, a veterinary remedy. The Lawrence-Williams Company was then formed and has since handled that commodity, with Mr. Lawrence as president and Lyman Lawrence as vice president. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Lawrence were born four sons : M. Lyman, mentioned elsewhere in this volume ; George Stone, who was born March 23, 1871, and died October 6, 1872; Mortimer William, born June 12, 1873 ; and Paul Terry, born November 23, 1878. Mr. Lawrence now makes his home in Washington, the success of the Ohio Farmer rendering him financially independent, so that he is able to enjoy the comforts and the opportunities which only wealth can bring. ELIJAH SANFORD. Elijah Sanford, who during his connection with the business interests of Cleveland was engaged in merchandising, was born in New Haven, Connecticut, June 25, 1812. On his removal to the middle west, he located in Cleveland, where he engaged in clerking for his brother. A. S. Sanford, of the firm of Sanford & Lot. Later he was engaged in merchandising for himself at Newark, 602 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Ohio, and from there removed to New Orleans, Louisiana, but owing to the warm climate of that city, he returned to Cleveland and commenced clerking for Sanford & Haywood, then located where the Perry Payne building now stands In 1863 he became a partner of Mr. Haywood by purchasing his brother's interest in the business, which they continued t0 conduct under the firm style of Sanford & Haywood. Subsequently they sold out to the firm of Short & Foreman, but during Mr. Sanford's connection with the business interests of the city he made a splendid record as a reliable and enterprising man whose methods were progressive and whose business integrity none could question. His success was guaranteed by reason of his close application, his fair dealing and his earnest efforts to please his patrons. In November, 1862, Mr. Sanford was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth M. Hughes, wh0 was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, and was a daughter of William Plummer Hughes, an early resident of that city, who was a miller by trade. Mrs. Sanford is a member of the Trinity Cathedral Episcopal church and has many friends in Cleveland, where she has made her home continuously since her husband's death. It was 0n the 11th of May, 1881, that he passed away. At one time he was a member of the Cleveland Grays, the leading military organization of the city, and at the time of the war, though age exempted him from duty, he sent a substitute to the front. He always preferred the quiet retirement 0f home life to prominence in public affairs, but his substantial qualities were recognized by all who knew him, and at his death he left behind him many warm friends who entertained for him the highest regard. CHARLES W. DILLE. Charles W. Dille, a member of the Cleveland bar, specializing to some extent in negligence law, was born in Cuyahoga county in 1869, and with the exception of his college days has always remained a resident here. His father, W. W. Dille, also a native of this county, was for many years engaged in farming but for the past fourteen years has lived retired. He was a very skillful agriculturist of the old school and was very successful in his undertakings, bringing to bear upon his work keen intellectual force and clear discernment at a time when many regarded manual labor as the only necessary factor in farming. He represented one of the old families of this part of the state, the Dilles being among the first settlers in Euclid township, Cuyahoga county. The great-great-grandfather of Charles W. Dille came to this county from a point south of the Ohio river in 1798. His grandson, Eri M. Dille, the grandfather of the subject of this sketch, was up to the close of the Civil war, one of the leading stockmen of northern Ohio. W. W. Dille wedded Miss Mina T. Gilbert, a native of New York and a representative in both the paternal and maternal lines of old New England families. Charles W. Dille was reared on the home farm in the suburbs of Cleveland and for a number of years before entering college he was engaged in railroad train service, subsequent to leaving the public schools. Desirous, however, of enjoying better educational advantages than he had hitherto received, early in the spring of 1895 Mr. Dille entered the Ohi0 Normal at Ada and afterward studied in the Ohio State University at Columbus, while through one semester he was a student in the University of Denver at Denver, Colorado, thus closing a college course covering four years. In the spring of two he was admitted to the bar in Columbus and since that time has been continuously engaged in practice. For the past five or six years he has devoted about half of his time to law of negligence, while the remainder has been given to general practice, and he is well versed in the various departments of the profession. His prosecution of corporations on charges HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 605 of negligence has established for him a clientele not confined to Cleveland but extending throughout Ohio and the neighboring states. Mr. Dille is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association. He also belongs to the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen, with which he has been connected since his youth. His long affiliation with labor organizations has placed upon him a great amount of responsibility in connection with legislation for the protection of labor. In politics he is a republican, although not strongly partisan. In the past year, however, he has given some attention to political questions and now feels that conditions are such as to demand the interest and activity of all American citizens who desire that municipal, state and national government shall be for the best interests of the people at large. In October, 1901, Mr. Dille was married in Cleveland to Miss Nettie Luster, a daughter of Samuel Luster, one of the old settlers of the county. They have two children : Helen, seven years of age; and Elizabeth, a little maiden of two summers. Mr. Dille possesses the gift of determination necessary for success at the bar and is making gradual and substantial progress in professional lines. CARL LORENZ. Carl Lorenz is well known in journalistic circles in Cleveland as the Sunday editor of the Waechter und Anzeiger. He was born in Stuttgart, Germany, March 31, 1858, and lived in the land of his nativity to the age of eighteen years, when he went to Geneva, Switzerland, to supplement his early education by further study in that city. He remained there for three years and was graduated from the University of Geneva in 1879. With liberal education to serve as the foundation of his business success, Mr. Lorenz went to Paris, where he taught school for about a year and later devoted about two years to teaching languages in London. In 1881 he arrived in the United States and for two years was engaged m newspaper work m New York city. Removing westward in 1883, he located at Portsmouth, Ohio, where he resumed teaching, becoming principal of a German school, of which he had charge until 1887. In that year Mr. Lorenz removed to Cleveland and again entered the newspaper field, while in 1889 he became connected with the Waechter und Anzeiger. To the German-American citizens of Cleveland a comment upon his work is unnecessary, for the Sunday edition of the paper is its own recommendation and is in keeping with all that is progressive in the publication of the Sunday editions of the leading papers throughout the country. Mr. Lorenz has been actively and closely associated with many events of general importance, has cooperated in many movements for municipal progress and in 1903 was made secretary of the library board of Cleveland. He is ,the author of some works of poetry, fiction and dramatic writings. DANIEL EDGAR MORGAN. Daniel Edgar Morgan is a practicing lawyer and since 1908 has been a member of the firm of Hitchcock, Morgan & Fackler of Cleveland. He was born at Oak Hill, Ohio, August 7, 1877. His paternal grandfather was a pioneer of southern Ohio and one of the earliest representatives of Welsh citizenship of that part of the state. His birth occurred in Wales and crossing the Atlantic to the new world he settled in Ohio in the early '30s and died in 1862. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Davis, was also a native of Wales and died in 1880. Their son, Elias Morgan, was born July 10, 1846, and passed away in 606 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND April, 1893. For a number 0f years he was connected with the railway service, but afterward became a banker at Oak Hill, acting as vice president and cashier of the Farmers Bank of that place. He married Elizabeth Jane Jones, who was born m 1853, and is still living at Oak Hill. Her parents were John J. and Nancy (Thomas) Jones. The father was a native of Wales and died in 1895. The mother was born in 1832 and is still living at Oak Hill. In the public schools Daniel E. Morgan pursued his early education and afterward attended the Marietta (Ohio) Academy, from which he was graduated with the class of 1893. He won his Bachelor of Arts degree on graduation from Oberlin College with the class of 1897 and his Bachelor of Law degree on completing a course in the Harvard Law School in 1901. The same year he was admitted to the Ohi0 bar and at once entered upon the active practice of law in the office of Garfield, Garfield & Howe, the senior partners being the sons of President Garfield. After a year he became a partner in the firm of Wood, Hitchcock & Morgan, which relation was maintained until the death 0f Mr. Wood in January, 1907. The firm was then Hitchcock & Morgan for a year, after which John D. Fackler joined the partnership under the style of Hitchcock, Morgan & Fackler. They conduct a general law practice and their business is of an important character for they have been retained as counsel in many of the leading cases tried in the Cleveland courts at a recent date. Mr. Morgan is a republican in politics and in the fall municipal election in 1909, was elected to the city council from the twelfth ward. He belongs to the Cuyahoga County Bar Association, to the Alpha Tau Omega, a college f raternity, to the Chamber of Commerce and to the University Club—associations which indicate to some extent the nature of his interests and the line of his activities. He is making steady progress as one of the younger members of the profession and the same qualities that have thus far characterized his work in the courts and m commercial practice will undoubtedly lead him to further success. JOHN DICKENSON, M. D. Dr. John Dickenson, now deceased, was for many years a distinguished representative of the medical profession in Cleveland, who with thorough understanding of the obligations resting upon him, performed all of his professional services in a most efficient manner, while his success was the indication of superior skill and ability. A native of Newcastle, England, he was born in 1835 and in 1845, at the age of ten years, came to America, locating in Cleveland, where he completed his education and after a review of the broad field of labor he determined upon the practice of medicine as a life work. To this end he pursued a course of study in the Western Reserve Medical College, from which he was graduated in due course of time. He then located m Cleveland, where he continued in the active practice of medicine until his death. At the time of the Civil war he responded to the call of his adopted country for aid in the preservation of the Union and served as assistant surgeon in the Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry and in March, 1865, was promoted to brigade surgeon of the One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Regiment, with the rank of major. He remained in the army for four years. He also did other public service of an important character, acting as health officer of Cleveland for six years, also as president 0f the board of pension examiners for four years and as police surgeon for some time. For fifty-one years he continued in the active practice of medicine in Cleveland, enjoying a large patronage. In no calling does success depend more largely upon individual merit than in that to which he devoted his labors and he possessed all of the requisite qualities of the successful physician who must not only have a thorough understanding of the scientific principles underlying his work but must HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 609 possess keen insight into temperament, the power of close and careful analysis and a ready sympathy. Dr. Dickenson was widely and prominently known in the various medical societies to which he belonged, including the Cleveland Medical Society, the Cleveland Medical Library Association and the Ohio State Medical Society. Dr. Dickenson was married in 1866 to Miss Louisa Keppler, a daughter of F. A. Keppler, who was a prominent wholesale merchant of Cleveland in his day. They became the parents of five children, of whom two are living: Gertrude Maud, who is at home with her mother at the family residence at No. 2189 East Seventy-ninth street ; and Dr. John Dickenson, Jr., a successful practitioner of this city. The father gave his political allegiance to the republican party and was thoroughly in sympathy with its principles but never an aspirant for office. He held membership with the Army & Navy Post and was a member of St. Paul's Episcopal church, His life was at all times high and honorable in its motives and purposes and he commanded the full esteem of those whom he met socially as he did the high regard of those with whom he came in contact in professional relations. He passed away February 19, 1903, at the age of sixty-nine years, respected and honored by all who knew him, his life having been characterized by worthy labors in the service of his fellowmen. JOHN DICKENSON, JR., M. D. Dr. John Dickenson, Jr., following in the professional footsteps of his honored father, is devoting his energies to the practice of medicine in Cleveland. He was born in this city, March 1, 1878, and the public schools afforded him his early educational privileges. After his graduation from the Central high school as a member of the class of 1895 he spent one year in the Case School of Applied Sciences and later entered the Western Reserve University Medical College, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in 1901. During the years 1900 and 1901 he acted as assistant to Dr. F. E. Bunts, who was professor of the principles of surgery and was also assistant to Dr. George W. Crile, professor of clinical surgery at the Western Reserve University. From the 1st of May, 1901, until the 1st of September, 1902, he was house physician and surgeon at St. Vincent's Charity Hospital and from 1903-05 was demonstrator of obstetrics and obstetrician to the outdoor department to the medical department of the Western Reserve University. Since 1903 he has been surgeon in charge of the outdoor department of St. Vincent's Charity Hospital and since 1907 has been demonstrator of surgery and assistant to the chair of principles of surgery in the medical department of the Western Reserve University. In 1903 he became lecturer on surgical nursing and demonstrator of bandaging at the Training School for Nurses at St. Vincent's Charity Hospital and so continues to the present time. In May, m0o, he was appointed assistant visiting surgeon to St. Vincent Hospital and chief surgeon to the Cleveland Railway Company. The Doctor is also surgeon for the Upson Blast Nut & Rivet Company, the Cleveland Provision Company and the American Box Company. His profession is Dr. Dickenson's chief interest in life and he is making steady progress in this great and important field of labor. He was chosen president of the Charity Hospital Medical Society for the year 1908-9, is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association, the Cleveland Medical Library Association and is chairman of the membership committee of the Academy of Medicine. He belongs to the Sigma Chapter of the Nu Sigma Nu, is a member of the Antituberculosis League and has written a number of articles which have appeared in the current literature of the profession. His political support is given to the republican party and 610 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND he belongs to the Euclid Avenue Baptist church. He resides at No. 2189 East Seventy-ninth street and is popular among a large circle of friends, many of whom have known him from his boyhood to the present time. JOHN B. GUTHRIE. John B. Guthrie, now retired, but extensively interested in various freighter companies, was born in Kingston, Canada, September 10, 1845, his parents being John and Catherine (McDonald) Guthrie. The father was a soldier in the British standing army for ten years and was stationed at Kingston, but was retired for many years prior to his death in 1875. The mother died in 1868. Mr. Guthrie spent his early years in Morrisburg, Canada, a town situated on the picturesque St. Lawrence river. There he attended school until the age of sixteen and two years later removed to Cleveland. He first secured employment as a carpenter, working under Captain Alva Bradley, and it is a comment on his ability and trustworthiness that he remained with him for eighteen years. Equipped at the end of this time with a thorough knowledge of his trade, he was well fitted to assume the more important duties of a contractor, in which capacity he continued for some time. His surplus earnings he invested in boats of the freighter description and in 1904 gave up contracting entirely to devote his attention to the surveillance of these investments. The freighter companies in which he is interested are the Nichols, the Dan Hanna, the Payne, the Hutch- more, the Stanton, the Butler and many others, all 0f whose vessels ply the lakes. Mr. Guthrie is also a stockholder in the Cleveland Furnace Company. In 1895 he built his present residence at 2087 East Ninety-sixth street, where he has lived ever since. Mr. Guthrie was married in 1868 to Miss Catherine Tooney, a native of Vermont, their union being celebrated in Sandusky, Ohio. They have a family of three children. The two daughters, Catharine Elizabeth and May K., are at home, and the son, Walter F., is in the fertilizing business in Buffalo, New York. A stanch and stalwart republican, Mr. Guthrie votes the straight ticket and takes a keen interest in public matters. He is numbered among the self-made men, having started out upon life's journey entirely without means, and now through his dauntless opposition of difficulty and his native ability, he finds himself in a position to enjoy a well earned rest and a comfortable competence. Fraternally he has been a member of the Royal Arcanum for twenty-five years. HON. MILAN GALLAGHER. Hon. Milan Gallagher is the son of Anthony Aaron and Catherine E. (Moran) Gallagher, who settled in Cleveland, Ohio, in the late '40s. His father was a contracting stevedore, very p0pular among the marine men, and did a successful business in that line. Milan Gallagher, one of Cleveland's native sons, was born September 23, 1856. He is a product of Cleveland schools and has been a successful business man, one of civic pride, and naturally took part in p0litics. He is a stanch republican and served on the county committee of his party for thirteen years. He was selected by Hon. George W. Gardner for the important post of sealer of weights and measures for the city of Cleveland in 1889 and was known as a popular city sealer. Mr. Gallagher was unanimously nominated for the office of state representative by the republican convention of his county in 1891 and was elected on the ticket with McKinley at his first electi0n as governor of Ohio. He was known HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 611 as one of the leaders of the Seventieth Ohio general assembly, was selected by Speaker Laylin as one of the caucus committee; also on railway and telegraphs, municipal affairs and other important committees. Mr. Gallagher is known as the "father of the park bill" for Cleveland, which has since made Cleveland famous for its beautiful parks, where in season the plain people enjoy themselves by the thousands everyday. He is author of the manual training bill for Cleveland schools, out of which tax levy the present technical high school is the result. As a leader of the house of representatives he defeated senate bill No. 120, known as the ninety-nine-year franchise bill for street railways, at which action the street railway corporations became very much incensed. He also aided in the passage of the county road bill, the vestibule bill for street cars ; in fact, his work in the Ohio legislature will live forever. Mr. Gallagher was connected with the United States treasury department ten years. When his son Chester A. was graduated from school in 1892, he entered the Cleveland Law School with him, and both graduated with high honors in June, 1905, when the degree of Bachelor of Law was conferred on father and son by Baldwin University. Both were admitted to the bar by the supreme court of Ohio and also in the United States circuit and district courts at the same time. Immediately they formed a law partnership and the law firm of Gallagher & Gallagher is well and favorably known and enjoy a good practice. In 1877 Mr. Gallagher was married to Inez I. Phillips, of Cleveland, and their children are: Mable E. Grace I., Chester A. and Daphne S. The parents attend and hold membership in St. Paul's Episcopal church. Mr. Gallagher belongs to the Odd Fellows, in which he takes an active interest, having received all the honors that could be conferred by Tyrian Lodge. He is now, and has been, president of the M. A. Hanna Club for twelve years, and he is also chairman of the board of directors of the League of Republican Clubs of Cuyahoga county. Mr. Gallagher has been on the platform for his party every year for twenty-five years, and no man loves to sound its praises more than he, and it is said that he knows how to do it. ELI N. CANNON. Self made, with little opportunity in youth to gain the preparation which many regard as essential to success in life, Eli N. Cannon nevertheless worked his way upward and by the simple weight of his character and ability reached a creditable position in business circles and won the financial rewards of earnest, persistent and intelligently directed labor. For a considerable time he was identified with building operations in Cleveland as a contractor and also engaged in the real-estate business until within a few years of his death, when he retired to private life. He reached an honorable old age, passing away February 9, 1904, in his seventy-ninth year. He was born in Blandford, Massachusetts, January 2, 1826, his parents being James and Louisa O. (Hamilton) Cannon, also residents of Blandford, where the father conducted business as a farmer and shoemaker, having a wide acquaintance in that district. On the tide of emigration that was steadily flowing westward he came to Ohio in 1833, settling in Solon township, Cuyahoga county, where he resumed the occupation of farming. Eli N. Cannon was at that time a lad of seven years. In the acquirement of an education he attended the country schools near Solon for about eight years, pursuing his studies through the winter months, while through the remainder of the year he assisted his father in the work of the home farm, being thus engaged until twenty-two years of age. He then went to Shalersville, Ohio, to assist his uncle, who was engaged in the operation of a lime kiln, and there remained for two years. When a young man of twenty-four he returned to Solon, 612 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND where he learned the carpenter's trade and also acquainted himself with the business of making shingles. In 1865 he left the farm and came to Cleveland, where he took up carpentering and contracting. His thorough and expert workmanship in that line brought to him an extensive patronage that enabled him, as his financial resources increased, to turn his attention to the real-estate business, in which he operated successfully, purchasing various pieces of property, which he sold to good advantage. He was a self-made man and his life record proved what may be accomplished through determination and persistent effort and the wise use of opportunity. His sound judgment enabled him to see advantages which others passed by heedlessly and he continued in business until within a few years of his death, when he retired. On the 6th of October, 1852, Mr. Cannon was united in marriage to Miss Serphina Smith, a daughter of John G. and Nancy (Burnside) Smith, of Orange, Cuyahoga county. Her father was a pioneer farmer, who came from the state of New York to Ohio m 1812. Both Mr. and Mrs. Cannon's ancestors came originally from England and Scotland in the eighteenth century and established homes in eastern states. James Burnside, the grandfather of Mrs. Cannon, fought with distinction throughout the Revolutionary war, and General Burnside, of Civil war fame, was her mother's cousin. In his political views Mr. Cannon was a republican and kept well informed on the questions and issues of the day, although he did not seek nor desire office. F0r almost forty years he was a resident of Cleveland and during that period his business activity and probity, his loyal citizenship and his many other sterling traits of character gave him firm hold upon the respect, regard and good will of those with whom he was associated. ERWIN G. GUTHERY. Erwin G. Guthery, one of the younger members of the Cleveland bar, entered upon the practice of law in 1902. He is senior member of the firm of Guthery & Guthery, composed of himself and his brother, Bernard J. Guthery, with offices at 1201 Citizens building. The firm enjoys an excellent reputation and has built up a clean, substantial civil practice. Although engaged in general practice, they are making a specialty of corporation law. Mr. Guthery is resident vice president and counsel for The American Fidelity Company, of Montpelier, Vermont, and an officer and director in several corporations. The Guthery family in this country came from Scotland and traces its lineage to the proud owner of Guthrie Castle, a stopping-place for the royalty of its day. The family is of Scotch-Irish descent, and only part of that branch of the family to which Mr. Guthery belongs has dropped the Scotch spelling of the name. Colonel John Guthery was brought to this country in childhood and reared on his father's farm in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. He served in the Revolutionary war and the war of 1812, ranking as colonel. In 1797, he came to Ohio with his four sons and founded the town of Piketon, Pike county, Ohio, where a monument is now erected to his memory. Besides an agriculturist, he was a contractor of wide reputation, having built the first Ohio state house at Chillicothe, Ohio. Joseph D. Guthery, one of the four sons of Colonel John Guthery, and Mr. Guthery's great-grandfather, was one of the early settlers of Pennsylvania. He was engaged in the produce business, and rafted his produce down the Ohio river, thence by the Mississippi to New Orleans. He continued in this business until the year 1826, when he invested all his money in a raftload of produce and the same was lost en route to New Orleans. This misfortune left him penniless and in debt. He then removed with his family to Marion county and settled upon a small tract of land. Here the family cow was taken on execution, but he finally paid all his debts and at his death left his family in moderate circumstances. John D. Guthery, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 615 a son and the paternal grandfather, continued as an agriculturist after the death of his father. He died in 1903 at the age of eighty-four years and was rated at his death as the largest stock raiser and landowner in Marion county, Ohio. He was active in politics, a stanch democrat, served as state representative for two years and held many offices of trust in his town and township. Joseph D. Guthery, the father, was born at La Rue, Ohio, March 11, 1854, and now resides in Marion, Ohio. He has made a comfortable fortune, principally in farming and stock raising, and is now living in retirement, although giving active superintendence to his agricultural and other interests. He is active in democratic circles and has held some minor political offices. He married Mary E. Wolford thirty-three years ago at Green Camp, Ohio, who now enjoys his retirement with him. She is a woman of strong convictions and splendid common sense, a devoted mother, and has considerable artistic ability. Erwin G. Guthery received his early education in a country school about a mile from his home and at the age of thirteen entered the La Rue high school, from which he was graduated three years later. He then entered the Ohio Wesleyan University in the fall of 1895, graduating with the class of 1900 and receiving the Bachelor of Arts degree. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Alpha Epsilon, college fraternities. While in college, Mr. Guthery met Miss Anna Bragg, a daughter of Henry E. Bragg, of St. Joseph, Missouri, of the class of 1899, whom he married June 23, 1902. They have one daughter, Katharine. After leaving college, Mr. Guthery entered the law offrces of his uncle at Marion, Ohio, where he studied for six months. He then came to Cleveland and continued his studies in the offices of Brewer, Cook & McGowan, where he held a clerkship for two years. He then took the examination for the bar in 1902, winning first honors. In January, 1903, he opened an office in the Citizens building, and has been engaged in the general practice of law since that time. The present partnership with his brother was formed January 5, 1907. In politics Mr. Guthery is a republican. He is a member of the Tippecanoe Club and takes an active interest in all political issues. He is a member of the Lakewood Methodist Episcopal church and the Young Men's Christian Association. He is much in demand as a public speaker and has a forceful and convincing manner of address. ABRAHAM TEACHOUT. No history of Cleveland would be considered complete without mention of Abraham Teachout, a venerable manufacturer and capitalist who has now passed the ninety-second milestone on life's journey. Seventy-one years ago he came to Cleveland and for two years prior to that time he had been a resident of Cuyahoga county. As succeeding years have been added to the cycle of the centuries, he has been a promoter of varied business interests which have contributed to the general upbuilding of the city, and, while he has now put aside strenuous labor in connection with business affairs, his judgment is yet a factor in the successful control of the commercial interests with which he is financially connected. He was born August 17, 1817, at Manchester, Ontario county, New York, and attended the district schools through the period of his boyhood and youth. Realizing somewhat of the opportunities that the new and rapidly developing west afforded, when nineteen years of age he arrived in North Royalton, Cuyahoga county, and through the succeeding two winters engaged in teaching m the district schools. During his early residence in Ohio he was intimately acquainted with John D. Rockefeller, who was then a boy in his teens and had not yet entered upon his marvelous career in the development and promotion of the oil interests of the country. Their acquaintance has continued in a business way 616 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND through all of these years and Mr. Teachout regards Mr. Rockefeller as a personal friend. In 1838, arriving in Cleveland, Mr. Teachout accepted the position of steersman on a canal boat in the employ of .Mr. Eggleston, and thus served until he became the owner of a canal boat which was operated between Cleveland and Portsmouth and branches of the canal. Three years were thus passed, after which Mr. Teachout became associated with another of the early enterprises of this city, having charge of the first grain elevator of Cleveland, the property of William Mittleberger. Becoming acquainted with Robert Brayton, who was with the Cuyahoga Steam Manufacturing Company, the two gentlemen formed a partnership and built the first steam sawmill at North Royalton. In this business Mr. Teachout was engaged for about four years, the partnership being terminated by the sale of the business in 1842. The year 1846 found him engaged in general merchandising in North Royalton and with the passing years the scope of his activities has broadened and his business affairs have not only become a source of greater revenue to himself but have also constituted features in the commercial and industrial development of this part of the state. Joined by his eldest brother, Albert R. Teachout, he built a steam flour mill at .Madison, Lake county, Ohio, where he resided until 1853, and in that year he removed to Painesville, building the first flour mill at that place. It was operated by water power and Mr. Teachout continued as its proprietor for eight years, when he sold out to N. P. Goodwill, after which he turned his attention to general merchandising, in which he continued until a period subsequent to the close of the Civil war. He next went south to Chattanooga, Tennessee, and was engaged for many years in the lumber business in that section of the country, being one of the first men to ship lumber north of the Ohio river by rail. In 1873, associated with his son, Albert R. Teachout, he established the present business now conducted under the name of The A. Teachout Company. They make a specialty of doors, sash and glass and the enterprise has been developed to mammoth proportions. Mr. Teachout of this review is the president of the company and his son is the vice president and treasurer. Their main plant is on Prospect street and they do a business amounting to nearly a million dollars annually. They also have a branch establishment at Columbus, Ohio, conducted under the name of The Teachout Door & Sash Company, doing a business of about five hundred thousand dollars each year. The enterprise was established along safe and conservative lines and has been maintained in accordance with the strictest ideas of commercial integrity. A progressive business policy has also been followed and the success of the undertaking indicates the sound judgment and keen business discernment of the men who are at its head. Extending his efforts into other fields of labor Mr. Teachout organized the Teachout Realty Company, capitalized for sixty thousand dollars. This was organized on a cooperative basis, his purpose being to give his nieces a safe and permanent investment, and the stock of the company is nearly all held by them. This company erected a business house at Columbus which is rented to The Teachout Company and which pays six percent on the investment. Questions relating to his business operations have been readily and correctly solved by Mr. Teachout, who thoroughly understands every work which he undertakes and by persistent and earnest effort reaches the goal which he sets out to attain. In 1842 Mr. Teachout was married to Miss Julia Ann Tousley, of North Royalton, Ohio, to whom was born an only son, Albert R., who is now his father's associate in business as the vice president and treasurer of The Teach-out Company. The mother died in Cleveland in 1882, her remains being interred in the Riverside cemetery, For his second wife Mr. Teachout chose Laura A. Hathaway, of Painesville, Ohio, who died in 1895 and was also laid to rest in Riverside cemetery. His present wife was formerly Mrs. Mary B. Hamilton, at one time the lady principal of Hiram College. Mr. Teachout early manifested a deep interest in the educational welfare of his district and was a school trustee for many years. He has always continued HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 617 an active advocate of a progressive educational system, both in connection with public and private schools, and has been connected with Hiram College as one of its trustees for forty years and superintended the construction of most of the buildings owned by that college. He has donated to the college over fifty thousand dollars and in the last few years has given twenty thousand dollars to the Cotner University, at Lincoln, Nebraska, and endowed a department of practical education, which is now successfully conducted by Dr. J. A. Beattie, who was formerly principal of Hiram College and is the brother of the present Mrs. Teachout. Mr. Teachout has always been a very charitable man, responding readily to any tale of sorrow or distress and giving freely of his means to the support of charitable and beneficial purposes and institutions. He has never selfishly hoarded his earnings but has given freely of his means as occasion demanded and few men have realized more fully the responsibilities and obligations of wealth. Both he and his wife are members of the Franklin Circle Disciple church, taking an active part in its work, and their lives have been actuated by all that is most honorable and upright in man's relations to his fellowman. Mr. Teachout stands today as a prominent manufacturer and capitalist, to whom business, however, is but one phase of existence and does not exclude his active participation in and support of the other vital interests which go to make up human existence. On attaining his majority he joined the whig party, casting his first presidential vote for William Henry Harrison at Newark, Ohio, but during the slavery agitation he joined the ranks of the republican party, and now on account of his views on the temperance question takes an active part in prohibition work. EDWARD T. HOLMES. Edward T. Holmes, who as secretary and treasurer of the Hale & Holmes Company, is an important factor in the commercial life of Cleveland, was born in this city, October 16, 1867, the first member of his family whose birth occurred upon Ohio soil. His parents were Daniel and Laura (Spencer) Holmes. The former was born in Niagara county, New York, but came to Cleveland in 1865. Here he engaged in the real-estate business, with which he was connected until his death in April, 1908. His wife is still living in East Cleveland. Edward T. Holmes was graduated from the West high school of Cleveland with the class of 1886, and the subsequent two years were spent with Benton, Meyers & Company. Then he became connected with the East End Savings & Trust Company, which was organized about that time, and in the twelve years he remained with them he witnessed the growth of that institution to a position of importance among the financial concerns of the city. It is now a branch of the Cleveland Trust Company. After leaving that firm, Mr. Holmes became associated with the Woodland avenue office of the Union Bank & Savings Company, and in 1902, seeing an opportunity to engage in business for himself, he and others bought the paint department of the Van Cline Glass Company, making it the foundation upon which the Hale & Holmes Company has been built. The concern started upon their existence under not very favorable conditions, occupying two stores but it has grown rapidly in the past seven years, now utilizing seven stores and basements. The business is principally wholesale and jobbing, but at the same time they have gone extensively into the manufacture of certain lines, such as shellacs, colors in oil, shingle stains and paint specialties. In the face of strong competition, through good management and foresight, this firm has risen to a high position among others of its kind in the city and has proved a profitable enterprise. 618 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In 1892 Mr. Holmes was united in marriage to Miss Allie Jaynes, of Cleveland, a daughter of Harris and Cecelia (De Wolf) Jaynes, her father being a pioneer florist of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Holmes have one daughter, Catherine. Mr. Holmes is deeply interested in the commercial welfare of Cleveland, as is indicated by his membership in the Chamber of Commerce. He is also a member of the Cleveland Paint, Oil & Varnish Club, the Credit Men's Association, and the Colonial Club. A man of initiative and high principles, his worth is attested by the universal respect in which he is held. FRED C. ENGEL. Fred C. Engel, now deceased, had a very wide acquaintance in Cleveland, being particularly prominent in secret society circles as well as in business connections. He established one of the most extensive news agencies of the state and in this business showed marked ability to plan and to perform. He was born in Cleveland in 1854, a representative of a family that was among the first to settle in Newburg. Frederick Engel, father of our subject, came to Cleveland from Germany in 1852. His father, Martin Engel, came to Cleveland with his wife after others of his family located here and both died at an old age. Some of the land which the family first secured on arriving here is still in possession of their descendants. They took up their abode at Newburg when the southern part of the city was an open country and as the years went by were active in contributing to the general improvement and development of the city. The large tract of land which they purchased they cleared and improved and later subdivided it and sold it in town lots. It comprised that portion of the city which now covers Engel avenue and Hillman street. Frederick Engel, the father, remained a resident of Cleveland until he had reached an advanced age when he made a trip back to his native country and died while there. His wife bore the maiden name of Sophia Schmidt. Fred C. Engel, spent his youthful days in Cleveland when the boundaries of the city were more restricted than at the present time and when it presented the appearance of a growing country town rather than of a metropolitan center with its ramifying trade interests reaching in every direction. He pursued his education in the old school which stood on the present site of the St. Alexis Hospital on Broadway. In his youthful days he assisted his father on the farm for a time and later engaged in the trucking business. The loss of his right hand while working with a pile-driving machine in 1881, caused him to take up other lines, thus going into the news business. He turned his attention to the development of a news agency which he conducted for the leading journals of the city and had more than twelve hundred subscribers. For thirteen years he carried on business in that way and was very successful in his undertakings. Moreover Mr. Engel was always active in the affairs of Cleveland, taking a great interest in his home city. He did everything in his power to promote its growth and best interests and supported every movement which he deemed a matter of municipal virtue and pride. He never withheld his aid and cooperation when he believed that they would prove of benefit and his influence was always on the side of progress and advancement. His political allegiance was given to the republican party and he never sought nor desired office. He was prominent and well known in fraternal circles, held membership in both the subordinate lodge and the uniformed rank of the Knights of Pythias, with the Protective Home Circle and the Pathfinders. He attended in early life the First German church on Superior avenue. In 1876 Mr. Engel was united in marriage to Miss Mary Heimberger, a daughter of Christian Heimberger who arrived in Cleveland in 1852, coming from Germany. His first wife and two children died in one night of cholera during the epidemic of 1852. For his second wife he married Caroline Wieland, who was HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 621 first married to a Mr. Brems in Germany. He died in New York, leaving a widow and two children. She came on to Cleveland, where she married Mr. Heinberger, and here they spent their remaining days, the father devoting his life to the tailor's trade which he had learned in his native land. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Engel were born three children but Albert, the eldest, and Freddie, the youngest, are now deceased. The second son, Dr. Rudolph Engel, is a graduate of the College of Physicians & Surgeons of Cleveland of the class of 1902, and has been actively engaged in practice here for several years. He wedded Mary Sluka and has two sons, Walter Alfred and Alvin Ralph. The death of Mr. Engel occurred December 5, 1907, and was the occasion of the deepest regret to his friends, who found him faithful and loyal ; to the city, which recognized in him a progressive and public-spirited resident ; and to his family, who knew him for a devoted and ever-loving husband and father. He found his greatest happiness in ministering to the welfare of those depending upon him and a most congenial companionship existed between him and his wife. His home for many years was at what is now 4607 Broadway. WILLIAM PRESCOTT. William Prescott, vice president of the American Agricultural Chemical Company, is one of the best known men in his line of business in the country. On the 1st of March, 1850, Mr. Prescott was born in Somersetshire, England, a son of Robert and Mary (Webber) Prescott. The father was a builder and continued his connection with that line of activity in England until 1854, when, with his family, he sailed for the United States, taking up his abode in Cleveland, where the residue of his days were passed. He died in 1888, at the age of sixty-seven years. William Prescott received his education in the public schools of Cleveland, in Humiston's Institute, a well known school in its day, and the Spencerian Business College. In 1873 he with others established the Cleveland Dryer Company, which was incorporated the following year with Mr. Prescott as its vice president. He so continued until 1899, when the business became a part of the merger which formed the American Agricultural Chemical Company, Mr. Prescott then being chosen a director and local manager of the new corporation, while in 1907 he was elected vice president and a member of the executive committee. He is also an official in a number of other corporations. For nineteen years from its inception, he was president of the Brooklyn Savings & Loan Association, but resigned in 1907 because of the pressure of other business interests which required his attention. Mr. Prescott was married in Cleveland to Miss Ella S. Groff and they have two sons and two daughters. Fraternally Mr. Prescott is a Mason. As a republican he served for four years as mayor of Brooklyn, was also a member of the board of education for three years and in 1895-96 was a member of the Cleveland city council. JEROME B. CARMAN. Jerome B. Carman, a man who has always done what he believed to be his full duty and lived up to his religious faith in his daily life, is one of the old settlers of Cleveland. He was born in Geauga county, Ohio, September 20, 1828, being a son of John C. and Rebecca (Allen) Carman, of Chautauqua county, New York. Receiving a common-school education, Jerome B. Carman remained in Ravenna, Ohio, to which place his family had removed, until he was sixteen. At that time he began working on his father's farm, but soon thereafter went to 622 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Cayuga Falls to learn the machinist trade, which he followed for two years. In 1846 he came to Cleveland and apprenticed himself to Ezra Thomas, a carpenter, serving with him for two years, and for several years afterward working in his planing mill. In 1851 he entered the employ of a Mr. Emerson, who was engaged in the same line of business, and for twelve years remained thus associated. However, in 1863, Mr. Carman entered the employ of J. Bell Cartwright & Company, proprietors of a large planing mill business, and continued with them for twelve years, when he retired, having given them a faithful service and proved himself worthy of all trust reposed in him. During the Civil war Mr. Carman was drafted into the army but was discharged on account of ill health, but he always espoused the principles for which the Union troops fought in the mighty conflict and is a strong republican. On September 15, 1857, in Hiram, Ohio, Mr. Carman married Emily A. White, a daughter of Wade and Emily White, who belonged to old and prominent families of Vermont. Mrs. Carman died November 20, 1907, and is tenderly mourned by her husband and their only surviving son, Edward Wade Carman, who is engaged in a mining business in Nevada. She was a devoted Christian lady and had many friends m the city. Mr. Carman has been a member of the Woodland Avenue Presbyterian church for years. He also belongs to the Old Settlers' Association, enjoys its meetings and, because of his long residence here, can contribute many interesting stories concerning Cleveland as it was in the days prior to the war before it had attained its present importance. EARL W. CLEMENTS. Earl W. Clements, who is a promising young business man and for the last five years has been secretary, treasurer and manager of the East End Cartage & Storage Company, was born in Cleveland, February 28, 1884, the son of Robert J. and Katie Clements. The grandfather, James Clements, came to this country from County Tyrone, Ireland, in 1843, and located in this city, where he engaged in business as a stonemason. Later he was able, as the result of his own efforts, to become a mason contractor, and it was under his direction as foreman that the Masa stone mansion was built. In 1888 he put aside the active pursuit of his business, and lived retired until his death, which occurred three years later. His son, Robert Clements, the father of the subject of the sketch, was born in this city, December 25, 1846. He attended the public schools here until he was twelve years of age, when he started upon his business training. He entered first an architect's office, where he remained five years, acquiring much knowledge that was valuable to him in his later work as a mason. He engaged in this trade almost immediately after leaving the office, and when the great fire swept Chicago, he went to that city, seeing large opportunities there, and as a foreman helped to rebuild much of the burned section. He remained there but a year, when he returned to Cleveland and began taking contracts for mason work, meeting with creditable results. A large number of important buildings stand as proof of his skill as a workman, including schools, churches and fine residences. The Masonic fraternity, the Chamber of Commerce and the Builders Exchange number him among their members. Earl W. Clements devoted the first eighteen years of his life to acquiring those fundamentals of education which made possible his later business success. He was twelve years of age when he finished the course at the grammar schools, which he supplemented by a four years' course at the high school. Upon completing his education he entered the auditing department of the firm of Sherwin & Williams, paint manufacturers. It was good experience, but it demonstrated to him that he would be more contented when conducting a business of his own than when working in the employ of another, so after a year spent in the office HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 623 he started the cartage and storage business, and has had no reason to regret the venture, for the enterprise has shown a healthy growth and has long since became a profitable investment. Mr. Clements now employs fifteen men, has twenty-three horses and twenty wagons, which he utilizes in the business. On the 20th of November, 1906, Mr. Clements was married to Miss Mildred Warner, daughter of John H. Warner, and they now have a little son, Sterling Warner. The young couple reside at 11462 Euclid avenue, and are frequently the entertainers at congenial gatherings of friends. Mr. Clements is an energetic young business man for whom the future must hold much good in store. He is the kind of man who not only seizes the opportunities as they present themselves, but makes opportunities for himself. In politics his support is given to the republican party, as embodying in its platform principles most nearly in accord with his own views. In his religious views he is a Presbyterian. CLYDE ELLSWORTH FORD, M. D. Dr. Clyde Ellsworth Ford was born in Leetonia, Ohio, March 26, 1874. His parents, Homer J. and Emma (Berry) Ford, long resided there, the father being at one time a merchant of that city. Dr. Ford pursued his professional course in the medical department of the Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he was graduated in 1902 with the degree of M. D. Two years later he entered upon active practice in Cleveland. He is now instructor in surgery in the Ohio Wesleyan University and has been secretary of the Academy of Medicine since 1904. He was recently appointed Superintendent of the Sanitation of Cleveland, is also counsel of the Ohio State Medical Association and is a member of numerous other medical and scientific organizations. His ability has gained him not only the recognition of the general public but also of the profession whose judgment is more critical and whose approval therefore is a sure indication of ability. ERNEST M. POST. Ernest M. Post, who since the 1st of October, 1907, has been manager for the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York in northeastern Ohio, was born September 1, 1862, in Avoca, Louisiana. His parents were Ralph B. and Ellen L. (Deming) Post. His father was a wholesale grocer and one of the pioneer vessel owners in the gulf trade, his ships sailing between New Orleans and Havana, Cuba. Ernest M. Post had the benefit of instruction in private schools and also attended Selleck's Military Academy at Norwalk, Connecticut, and the Hanover Academy of Virginia. After leaving school he was connected with his father's wholesale grocery business, which he represented as a traveling salesman through the territory of Georgia and Florida for seven years. This gave him valuable knowledge concerning the best methods of becoming acquainted with the trade and awakening a possible interest in his business and constituted the basis upon which he has built his success in insurance lines. In 1892 he became connected with the New Orleans agency of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York, found the work interesting and has since continued in this field of industry. In 1893 he removed to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as representative of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York and in 1903 was made manager for the Company for the territory of northern Michigan with headquarters at Marquette. At the end of the same year he was transferred to the position of 624 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND manager for northern and central Indiana with headquarters at Indianapolis, and on the 1st of October, 1907, he received appointment as manager for northeastern Ohio with headquarters at Cleveland. On the 27th of March, 1894, Mr. Post was united in marriage to Miss Alice Paine, a daughter of Charles C. and Clarissa (Paine) Paine, of Milwaukee, Wisconsin. They now reside at No. 1974 East Seventy-first street. Mr. Post is a member of the Athletic Club and also of the Chamber of Commerce BERNARD J. GUTHERY. Bernard J. Guthery, junior member of the firm of Guthery & Guthery, composed of himself and his brother, Erwin G. Guthery, entered upon the practice of law in January, 1907. Although he has been practicing but a short time, he has rapidly advanced in the practice of his profession. Mr. Guthery was born at La Rue, Ohio, January 30, 1882. He received his early education in the district school and entered the La Rue high school in his fifteenth year, graduating three years later. However, he finished his high school course one-half year ahead of his class and entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at the beginning of the winter term of 1900 and came back in the spring to attend the commencement exercises of his high school and receive his diploma. He then continued his studies in the Ohio Wesleyan University and was graduated four years later, receiving the degree of A. B. He then went to his home in Marion, Ohio, and took up the study of law with the firm of Crissinger & Guthery. He remained there one year, and in 1905 entered Western Reserve Law School, where he studied law one year. The remainder of the time he spent in study in the office of his brother, and in the fall of 1906 took the bar examination. On January 15, 1907, he formed a partnership with his brother, who had been established since 1902. The firm of Guthery & Guthery has not only built up a clean, lucrative practice, but enjoys an excellent reputation as well. While in college, Mr. Guthery won many honors in oratory. He was chosen class orator, the highest honor of the class for commencement day, and was called back in the spring of 1905 by the class to present to the university its memorial. He is a good public speaker and is often called upon to give speeches, both in the city and out. Mr. Guthery is a republican. He belongs to the Phi Beta Kappa and Sigma Alpha Epsilon, fraternities of the Ohio Wesleyan University, and Phi Delta Phi, a legal fraternity of the Western Reserve. He is a young man of attractive social qualities, which render him popular, while his laudable ambition augurs well for a successful future. HENRY B. CHILDS. Henry B. Childs was for many years senior partner for the firm of Childs, Groff & Company and thus in business connection was well known to the general public, while those who knew him in social relations found him a most congenial and companionable gentleman. He was also a public-spirited citizen, interested in everything pertaining to the welfare and the upbuilding of Cleveland. His birth occurred in this city in 1842 and at the usual age he entered the public schools, being thus qualified by a liberal course for the duties and responsibilities of life. He made his initial step in the business world in connection with the firm of Crowell & Childs, the junior member, O. A. Childs, being his brother. On the retirement of this brother in 1875 the business was reorganized under the firm name of Childs, Groff & Company, H. B. Childs remaining at the head of the establishment until his demise. An extensive busi- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 627 ness was built up in this connection, the firm figuring for many years as one of the leading concerns of the kind in Cleveland. In 1864 Henry B. Childs was united in marriage to Miss Carrie M. Iddings, who survives him. They became the parents of two children but both died in infancy, so that the death of Mr. Childs, May 22, 1896, left his widow alone. He was a man of sterling characteristics, held in high esteem, for he possessed those traits which in every land and clime awaken admiration and regard. In the public life of Cleveland as manifest in its social, political, municipal and moral aspect aside from business connections, he was also well known and prominent. He became one of the charter members of the Union Club and was a member of the blue lodge, A. F. & A. M., and Orient Chapter, R. A. M., and was likewise connected with the Chamber of Commerce, while he was always active in the development of Cleveland, taking a great interest in its affairs. In as far as possible he cooperated in every movement calculated to promote the general welfare or was a matter of civic virtue or civic pride. His pohtical allegiance was given to the republican party and, while he never sought nor desired office for himself, he championed the principles of the organization and therefore sought to elect its candidates. He belonged to the Trinity church and in his religious faith was the root of his honorable life. He never sought to obtain success in business by any devious methods but on the contrary manifested at all times an unfaltering regard for what is best in the exercise of human activities. RUSSELL KNIGHT PELTON. Russell Knight Pelton was born on the 8th of November, 1856, in Brooklyn, Ohio, which was then a suburb but is now a part of the city of Cleveland. His father, Francis S. Pelton, whose birth occurred in Chester, Connecticut, was brought to Brooklyn, Ohio, in 1835 when but an infant. The mother of our subject, who bore the maiden name of Mary Knight, came to this state from Glens Falls, New York, in 1853. Russell K. Pelton is a capable, energetic, successful business man and is engaged in the real-estate business. He has always lived in Cleveland and has held many public and private positions of trust. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and of several social and musical clubs. LORENZO FRANCIS McGRATH. Lorenzo Francis McGrath, a prominent attorney of Cleveland, is senior member of the law firm of McGrath & Stern. His father, James McGrath, a native of Ireland, came to the United States at the age of twenty years in 1860 and located on a farm in Marion county, Ohio, where the subject of this review was born November 28, 1871. His mother, who bore the maiden name of Mary P. Columbus, and whose birth occurred in Canada in May, 1844, is of French descent. On the maternal side Mr. McGrath comes of a family noted for longevity, and he still has three uncles living at Galion, Ohio : Edward Columbus, who is one hundred and one years of age, Joseph Columbus, who is ninety-four, and Frank Columbus, who is in his ninety-first year, all of them being still hale and hearty. They were among the early pioneers of Cleveland, holding land on Water street near Superior street, but removed to Galion, Ohio, a number of years ago. Mr. McGrath supplemented the education he acquired in the public schools of Marion county by attending the Ohio Wesleyan College at Delaware and the 628 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND National Normal University at Lebanon. Determining upon the practice of law as a life work, he prepared for his profession in the office of George D. Copeland at Marion and was admitted to the bar m June, 1894. Coming to Cleveland in the following September, he practiced his profession alone until January, 1905, when Joseph L. Stern, who had been a student in his office, became his partner under the firm style of McGrath & Stern. Unflagging application, intuitive wisdom and a determination to fully utilize the means at hand are the concomitants that insure success and prestige in the legal profession, which stands as the stern conservator of justice. Possessing all the requisite qualities, Mr. McGrath has already gained for himself an enviable reputation as a representative of the legal fraternity, and at the same time is a successful business man, being interested in a number of coal companies, railroad lines and coal lands in West Virginia and Kentucky. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and the State Bar Association, and belongs to the Clifton and Athletic Clubs and the Westwood Golf Club. Politically he is an independent republican, who is widely versed in general economics and as a shrewd and able attorney is highly esteemed by the members of his profession in this city. THEODORE SCHMITT. It is a trite saying that there is always room at the top and yet if the people who enter the business world were to keep this in mind there might be more definite and resultant efforts to reach a position of leadership. In all of his business career as an architect and builder, Theodore Schmitt has never regarded any position in his business life as final but rather as a point from which to advance to still greater success. His ability is pronounced and his position is among the foremost architects of the middle west. Mr. Schmitt was born in Cleveland, July 27, 1860. His father, Jacob W. Schmitt, was a native of Germany and came to Cleveland in 1848, leaving his native land owing to the fact that he had been concerned in the revolutionary troubles of Germany of that year in which so many broad-minded, intelligent men protested against the oppression of monarchical rule. With great appreciation for the freedom and opportunities of the great middle west, he allied his interests with Cleveland and for many years figured as a prominent factor in the official interests of this city. For thirty years he was continuously in public office and his service was at all times actuated by the utmost loyalty to the general good. While Cleveland was a village he served as marshal and when the metropolitan police force was organized he was made superintendent of police and acted in that capacity for three decades, or from 1862 until 1892, holding the office longer than any other police superintendent in the United States. He stood as a fearless defender of law and order and his very name was a menace to those who did not hold themselves amenable to the law. In his native land he was married to Antonetta Reutlinger, also a native of Germany, who had accompanied him to the United States in 1848. Her people were of the nobility of the fatherland. The death of Jacob Schmitt occurred in December, 1893, his widow surviving him for almost a decade, passing away in 1902. At the usual age Theodore Schmitt entered the public schools and continued his studies through the various grades, after which he was sent abroad and entered college at Carlsruhe and was also for a time a student in a college in Hanover, after having prepared for his collegiate work in a military school at Mannheim, Germany. His collegiate course was completed by graduation in 1881, at which time the Bachelor of Arts degree was conferred upon him. He had pursued various scientific and literary branches and had also taken up the study of architecture with the view of making the profession his life work. Ten years were given to study in the fatherland and in 1881 he entered upon his active HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 629 career as an architect in Cleveland, as an assistant in the office of George H. Smith, with whom he remained until 1884. In that year the firm of Lehman & Schmitt was organized and has so continued to the present clay. They have long occupied a foremost position among the architects not only of Cleveland but of the middle west, their skill and ability being evidenced in the splendid structures which they have erected. The first contract of importance awarded them was for drawing, the plans and erecting the Sheriff Street Market & Storage building. When this contract was faithfully executed others of equal or greater importance were accorded them and they erected the Central Armory, the Willson Avenue Temple, the Central police station, the Eighth Precmct police station, the Pearl Street Banking & Trust Company building and a large number of structures in the manufacturing and wholesale district, together with various large warehouses. To them was also entrusted the erection of the Cuyahoga county courthouse, at a cost of three million dollars, the County Police and the Criminal Court building, these three being erected according to a group plan. In addition, the firm has done a great amount of public and private work out of the city, erecting the First National Bank building of Canton, Ohio, the City building at Sandusky, Ohio, the Courthouse at Lexington, Kentucky, and the courthouses at Peru, Indiana, and Towanda, Pennsylvania. They now have in course of construction the New Temple which is being built on the corner of Euclid and Eighty-second street in Cleveland, and the department store for the Bailey Company. A large number of the fine residences of Cleveland likewise stand as monuments to their skill and handiwork. The firm are not only familiar with all the scientific principles which underlie their work but have in the execution of their contracts given the most thorough satisfaction and established for themselves a reputation second to none among the architects and builders of this city. On the 22d of May, 189o, Mr. Schmitt was married to Miss Emma Nussdorfer, of Cleveland, and they have one son, Walter J., who was born in 1892 and is now a pupil in the East high school. In addition to their residence in the city Mr. Schmitt owns a country home, Eagle Cliff, on the lake front. He is a member of Cleveland City Lodge, No. 15, A. F. & A. M.; Cleveland Chapter, R. A. M.; Holyrood Commandery, K. T,; and is a thirty-second degree Mason, affiliated with Lake Erie Consistory. He has no desire for club life, finding his greatest pleasure in the home circle, and resides temporarily at 1841 East Eighty- second street. He is interested in all manly outdoor sports and finds true pleasure in country life. He has also a well developed literary taste and many of his most pleasant hours are spent in his library. He travels largely both in this country and abroad and has reached a position in the business world where he has leisure to enjoy those interests and measures which contribute to general culture and pleasure. However, he neglects in not the slightest degree the interests of his clients, his faithfulness to the terms of the contract having become proverbial, while the superior nature of his work is evidenced in the fine buildings which the firm have erected. LOUIS W. HEIMSATH. Louis W. Heimsath is now living retired, his former labor making him appreciative of the leisure which has been vouchsafed him as the reward of his perseverance and diligence of previous years. He was born in Germany in 1844 and came to the United States in 1854. He lived first in Lorain, then known as Black River, Ohio, and containing but a few houses. There he learned the carpenter's trade, eventually becoming a contractor and builder. In 1878 he arrived in Cleveland and, turning his attention to other pursuits, established with his brother, H. A. Heimsath, the Troy Steam Laundry, one of the first extensive steam laun- 630 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND dries in the city. The passing years chronicled his success, for an extensive patronage was accorded him and his business, conducted along most honorable lines, gave him the competence which enabled him in 1897 to put aside further business cares and rest from his labor. He has since dealt to some extent in real estate, both buying and ,selling property, but he does not allow this to monopolize his time. It, however, gives him something to work and plan for, as indolence and idleness are utterly foreign to his nature. Louis W. Heimsath was married in 1871 to Miss Amelia Pietschman, a native of Sandusky, Ohio, and to them was born a daughter, Antoinette, who passed through the public schools and was afterward graduated from Caton's Business College. She is now the wife of Z, Taylor, who is a claim clerk for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and resides in this city. Mr.. Heimsath is a member of Cuyahoga Lodge, No. 22, 1. 0. 0. F., and he and his family are members of the Immanuel Evangelical Lutheran church. In 1887 he built his home at what is No. 2635 East Fifty-first street. There have been no striking events or chapters in his life record, but it is the history of a man who has been faithful to duty in his work, meeting fully the obligations and responsibilities that have devolved upon him and winning his success by honorable methods. BENAJAH BARKER. Benajah Barker, one of the well known citizens of Cleveland in his day and in his active life a leading contractor through the middle west, came from an old New England family. He was born July 10, 1805, in Portsmouth, Rhode Island, a son of Captain Peter and Ruth (Cook) Barker. The ancestors of Benajah Barker were among the early settlers of Rhode Island, this family being descended from one of three brothers who came to America with the Pilgrim fathers and later settled in different sections of New England and founded the branch in Rhode Island of which Benajah Barker is a descendant. Captain Peter Barker, the father of our subject, served faithfully in the war of the Revolution and in 1811 migrated from Portsmouth to the state of New York, where he died in 1850, at the advanced age of eighty-eight years. When only twenty years of age Benajah Barker succeeded in securing a large contract for the construction of what was formerly known as the Delaware division of the Pennsylvania canal, connecting Easton, Pennsylvania, with tide water at Bristol. His cash capital at the beginning was but five hundred dollars saved from his daily earnings previously, and on this comparatively small sum he boldly started on the undertaking. By able management and shrewd financiering he completed the contract to the letter and cleared the handsome sum of seven thousand dollars, which seemed at that early day quite a fortune—in reality the equivalent of several times that sum in the present day. On his return home he was warmly congratulated by his friends and neighbors on his prosperous termination of the undertaking. In 1837 he was awarded a heavy contract in the construction of the Wabash canal by which he was a considerable gainer. In 1848 he removed to Cleveland, Ohio, where he erected the gas works, and for some time held a majority of the stock. He organized the company and was elected president, a position he held for five years. In 1852-53 he was engaged in the construction of the gas works at Fort Wayne, Indiana, and in .1854-55 built the gas works at Adrian, Michigan. In 1858 he accompanied a colony from Boston to Iowa, where he purchased twelve thousand acres of land, which he disposed of in less than one month at a profit of no less than eighteen thousand dollars. The town of Nevinville is located on a portion of that tract of land. In Cleveland he was for a long time one of the directors of what was then the Forest City Bank. Although Mr. Barker never resorted to the chicaneries and tricks of the politicians yet he was ever decided in his views in favor of the abolition of slavery HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 635 and by every means in his power sought to educate the people to his doctrine. Cherishing always a great love of liberty, he took pity on all those seeking freedom. He assisted many a poor slave in his efforts to reach the soil of Canada, paying their expenses incurred. In furtherance of his plans to crush the slave power he purchased the lot on which the Plymouth Congregational church was erected, giving his own individual check for four thousand dollars for the same, besides assisting in the erection of the building. When organized the church took a positive stand against slavery and it labored unceasingly for the cause of liberty, thus doing perhaps more for the advancement of the new party than any other institution in the state. He was also one of the originators and a stockholder in the paper then called the Democrat, which later became the Cleveland Leader and was instituted to advocate the opposition to slavery. He always bore an irreproachable character for honor and integrity and his sympathies in behalf of the suffering and needy were always manifested by his unbounded liberality. To many he extended a helping hand, more especially to feeble churches, and a number of such institutions received timely and substantial assistance from him. For several years previous to death he was retired from active business pursuits and enjoyed the fruits of a well spent life. His death occurred in September, 1881. Mr. Barker was married in 1833 to Elizabeth, a daughter of James Vanderworker of Saratoga county, New York. The widow survived until March 29, 1900. She was a descendant of the first governor of New York. Mrs. Barker was considered a remarkable woman for her heroic qualities and her many substantial traits of character. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Barker were born eight children, only two of whom now survive : Frances E. Shipherd, widow of James Shipherd. and James W., both of Cleveland. MAX FEDER. Max Feder, who is engaged in the wholesale and retail cigar business at 48 Public Square, Cleveland, was born in Pudewitz, the province of Posen, Germany, March 3o, 1861, and is a son of Jacob and Rebecca Feder. He obtained his early education in the public schools of the fatherland, later attending a private high school, after which he embarked upon his business career. He went first to Soldauop, remaining there about four years, in that time learning the seed business. Next he took up his residence in Berlin, where he joined his brother in the manufacture of drugs. He stayed in that city only about a year, however, coming at the end of that period to the United States. As the ship on which he had crossed the ocean docked at New York, he found work there in the employ of Weiss & Bendheim, at Canal and Elm streets. In the meantime, however, his brother had come to Cleveland, where he had engaged in business, and accordingly in 188o Mr. Feder came to this city to join him. In connection with the retail and wholesale trade in cigars, he also conducts a manufactory of pipes and a shop for their repair, and has a stand located in May's Drug Store. His work in the pipe line, however, is known throughout the country, for the product of his and his employers' labor finds a ready market beyond the confines of this state. After having become a resident of Cleveland Mr. Feder was united in marriage on the 22d of December, 1896, to Miss Sophia Bloch, a daughter of Edward Bloch and a sister of Judge Bloch. She was herself well known in the educational circles of this city, for previous to her marriage she was the assistant principal of the Warren school. Mr. and Mrs. Feder have one son, James Leonard, who is now eleven years of age and a lad of promise, if one may judge from his school record, for each year he has passed from one grade to another and always with honor. 636 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Since he has been admitted to citizenship in this nation Mr. Feder has felt attracted more or less by the republican party, but for the most part he is independent m his political ideas giving to the worthy man or the worthy cause his influence and support, irrespective of party adherence. Fraternally he enjoys pleasant relations with the Knights of Pythias, being a member of Deak Lodge, No. 343. In religious matters Mr. Feder upholds the temple and the teachings of his race. CHARLES C. NORTHROP. The visible evidence of the activity and success of Charles C. Northrop is the business of the Northrop Silk Company of Cleveland. In 1907 he established this enterprise as an importing silk merchant and today has one of the most complete establishments of the kind in the United States. He was born January 20, 1846, a son of Elizur Northrop, of Elyria, Ohio. At the usual age he began his education in the public schools, which he attended to the age of fourteen years, when he started in business life as a salesman in a general store. Eight years were passed in that service and m 1868 he came to Cleveland, entering the silk business, and has been connected with that interest for over forty years, at present conducting the finest silk store in the United States, under the name of C. C. Northrop Silk Company, making importations of silk from various foreign lands, and is acknowledged the oldest silk buyer in the country. He draws his trade from large territory, for he handles everything known to the silk market and the quality aid design of the goods prove an attractive feature to the shopper. From the beginning his patronage has steadily increased and the success which is now his is well merited, being the legitimate and logical outcome of his thorough understanding of the trade, his earnest desire to please his patrons, and his probity and fairness in all business transactions. Mr. Northrop has been married twice. He first wedded Miss Hattie, a daughter of Adney Groat, by whom he had one child, Nellie, now Mrs. Alton Smith. Afterward he married Mrs. Nettie Tame, a daughter of William Lacy, of Cleveland. Their children are : Mrs. 0. S. Skinner and Clarence C. Northrop. Mr. Northrop exercises his right of franchise in the support of the men and measures of the republican party. For more than half a century he has been known in the commercial circles of Cleveland and throughout that entire period there has been naught said detrimental to his business integrity, and he enjoys the respect and confidence of his clients as is shown in his rapidly increasing business. JAMES H. CLARK. James H. Clark, who has for years been connected with the oil business in Cleveland, is at present the vice president of the Wyandot Refineries Company and occupies a pleasant home at 1961 Ford Drive. His father, James H. Clark, was one of the pioneers in that field of occupation in the city, being associated with such men as John D. Rockefeller, Colonel 0. H. Payne, his brother Worthy Clark and also Richard Clark, who have gained a national reputation for their business sagacity. Mr. Clark and his brother formed a company to deal in oil, and, taking Colonel Payne and Mr. Huntington into partnership, called it the Clark, Payne & Company. The firm was reorganized from time to time as the personnel of the partners changed, being known successively as the Clark, Childs & Company and the Clark Brothers & Company, the latter selling their interests to the Standard Oil Company. At that time Mr. Clark, the father of our subject, severed his connection with the oil business of this city. He acquired con- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 637 siderable real estate here and was well known among the older citizens of Cleveland. He died September I, 1907. In his early manhood he had married Miss Harriett H. Lancaster. Their son, James H. Clark, was born in Cleveland, October 7, 1861. He was a pupil in the local schools of the city, and when he had completed his education entered upon his business career. In 1880 he became associated with his father in Clark Brothers & Company, remaining with them until 1888, when they sold their business to the Standard Oil Company. However, he continued in the employ of that concern for the next five years, being given the management of the lubricating department in Wilmington, Philadelphia and Cleveland. Subsequently he became associated with the Wyandot Refineries Company, of which he is now vice president. While his headquarters are in Cleveland, he is often called to Chicago, New York and other places in the interests of his firm. He is a man of proved ability, endowed with a large measure of sagacity in the management of his affairs, which have in consequence returned him a gratifying profit. On the 13th of September, 1887, Mr. Clark wedded Miss Louise S. Clark, also a native of this city and a daughter of Cyrus L. Clark, now deceased. Three sons have been granted to Mr. and Mrs. Clark : Robert S., who is twenty-one years old; Douglas B., who is sixteen ; and Charles L., who is twelve. Mr. Clark has always been a stanch adherent of the republican party, feeling in the greatest sympathy with its principles. He exercises his right to vote with discrimination, in this way rendering as notable a service to the city as if he had the time to participate in its municipal government. JAMES H. FOSTER. James H. Foster, whose relation to the public interests of Cleveland is that of vice president and general manager of the Hydraulic Pressed Steel Company, is contributing through his activity in this field to the business enterprise that has led to the growth of the city and given it rank with the ten largest cities of the Union. Of New England birth and ancestry, he is a direct descendant of Thomas Foster, who was one of the early settlers of the Hartford colony of Connecticut, having come to America from England in 1660. His grandfather, Hiram Foster, was a prominent Connecticut manufacturer. His father, Samuel H. Foster, was a native of Meriden, Connecticut, and the senior member of the well known hardware manufacturing firm of Foster, Merriam & Company. He served during the Civil war on the staff of General Phil Sheridan and military and commercial duties were alike carefully guarded in his hands. His death occurred in 1889, when he had reached the age of fifty-four years. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Mary Stanley, was a daughter of Augustus and Elvira (Conklin) Stanley. The Stanleys are one of the old New England families and were founders of the Stanley Rule and Level Company of New Britain, Connecticut. James H. Foster was born in Meriden, Connecticut, April 10, 1879. Pursuing a course in St. Paul's school at Concord, New Hampshire, he thus prepared for collegiate work, which he received in Yale University and Williams College, being graduated from the latter with the degree of Bachelor of Arts as a member of the class of 1900. Thus equipped by liberal education for a business career, he turned his attention to real-estate operations in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he continued for one year. During the succeeding three years he was connected with the American Tubular Wheel Company and in 1904 came to Cleveland, entering into active association with the firm of Parish & Bingham in the capacity of assistant general manager. He thus served until August, 1906, when he orgamzed the Hydraulic Pressed Steel Company, with a capital of one hundred and fifty thousand dollars, and was elected vice president and general manager. 638 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND From a modest beginning the business has advanced by leaps and bounds until it is the largest institution of its kind in Cleveland, doing a business of one million dollars annually. The plant covers six acres and its capacity is being doubled yearly. Several of the most powerful presses ever constructed are in use in this plant, the largest striking a blow of eight thousand tons at the rate of eight strokes per minute. Their product finds ready market in every section of the United States and the export business is continually increasing. Mr. Foster has contributed in substantial measure to the development of this concern, having knowledge and business experience which have constituted a safe foundation on which to build the success of the enterprise. He is also a director of the Ohio Sherardizing Company and the vice president of the Citizens Taxicab Company. On the 28th of September, 1907, occurred the marriage of Mr. Foster and Miss Edith A. McIntosh, a daughter of George T. and Elizabeth (Ellis) McIntosh, of Cleveland. Their only child is George McIntosh Foster. Their home, at No. 1932 East Seventy-First street, is the abode of a warm-hearted and generous hospitality. Mr. and Mrs. Foster are members of the Emmanuel church and in church and charitable work Mrs. Foster takes active and helpful part. Mr. Foster belongs also to the East End Tennis Club and the Hermit Club, while his political endorsement is given the republican party. His leisure hours are devoted to golf, tennis, baseball and various outdoor athletic sports. Pleasure, however, is always the secondary consideration to business with him and his success in manufacturing circles is due to an unlimited capacity for hard work, splendid executive ability and the faculty of enlisting the support and cooperation of strong business men in his projects. JOHN B. FOSTER. John B. Foster who, hale and hearty at the age of seventy-eight years, is now living retired, has contributed in large measure to the commercial development and consequent prosperity of Cleveland, cooperating in business affairs of large importance to the community. His history is an excellent example of the fact that success and an honorable name may be won simultaneously. A native of Kentucky, Mr. Foster was born in Clark county, in 1832, about eighteen miles from Lexington, and was a neighbor of the noted southerner, Cassius M. Clay. His father, John Foster, was widely known through the south as a leading live-stock dealer. He was born in Bourbon county, Kentucky, in 1784, and became one of the pioneers in his line of business in the Blue Grass state, driving most of his cattle afoot to market at Charleston, South Carolina. He was also one of the pioneer sportsmen of Kentucky, having a stable of racing horses, in which connection he became known all over the south. He died in Texas in 1854, while on a trip to that state with his racing horses. The grandfather, Henry Foster, was a Virginian by birth and served for four years as a private in the American army during the Revolutionary war. He was a descendant of Eli Ford, one of the notable characters of colonial days. John B. Foster attended the schools of Winchester, Kentucky, and afterward engaged in the live-stock business, with which he continued his connection until his retirement from active life. As a stock drover in the '50s, accompanied by two hired men, he drove a herd of one hundred and nine head of cattle to the then far distant market of New York city, being on the trail for many days. This was the last drove of fat cattle that was driven from Kentucky to New York. In 1866 he removed to Covington, Kentucky, where he took charge of the stockyards, after being engaged in the live-stock commission business. He remained there until 1881. During the same period he likewise had charge of the stockyards at Nashville, Tennessee, for several years. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 641 Mr. Foster came to Cleveland in 1881, organized the Cleveland Stockyards Company and built the yards, conducting a profitable and growing business there until 1892, when the plant was destroyed by fire. A reorganization was then effected under the name of the Cleveland Union Stockyards Company and Mr. Foster rebuilt the yards, of which he was superintendent until 1905, when he resigned. In the meantime he was also identified with several large local packing industries in a financial way. His keen discrimination and sound judgment constituted important elements in successful management and his labors did much toward making Cleveland an important live-stock center and thus promoting the commercial importance of the city. He was one of the first directors of the Forest City Railroad Company and in 1885 he established the John B. Foster Distilling Company, on Detroit and West Twenty-eighth street, where the business has been conducted ever since. In 1857, in his native state, Mr. Foster was united in marriage with Miss Nolan, but the wife and their four sons have all passed away. In 1883 he married again, his second union being with Mrs. Mary Mattingly, a native of Covington, Kentucky. Her maiden name was Mary Cressap and she belonged to one of the old Maryland families. While not a public man in the commonly accepted sense of the term, such is the regard entertained for his judgment and keen insight into public affairs that upon him was conferred the honor of being made representative from his congressional district to the democratic national convention of 1896. He there assisted in nominating William J. Bryan for the presidency and was also the chairman of the committee that entertained Mr. Bryan in this city in the same year. For a long period he was a member of the Chamber of Commerce and was deeply interested in all its various projects and movements for the advancement of Cleveland's industrial and commercial prominence. He is a true southern gentleman of the old school, his unfailing courtesy ever winning him high regard and constituting an example that might well be followed by the younger generation. Although the snows of many winters have whitened his hair, in spirit and interests he seems yet in his prime, is a remarkably well preserved man and keeps in touch with the vital questions and issues of the day. Since 1905 he has been connected with no active business enterprises but has spent his time at his home on Clinton avenue in those pursuits which afford him enjoyment and interest. HERMAN C. KOMRAUS. Since 1902 Herman C. Komraus, as general manager, has had a guiding hand upon the destinies of the Machinery Forge Company. He was born in West Prussia. Germany, but came to this country when very young and received all his education in the schools here. At the age of fourteen he entered the business world, being in the employ of the Edwin Hart Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of cabinets and fine wood work. He next engaged as blacksmith with the Cleveland Hardware Company, to whom he gave satisfaction for seven years. Going to South Bend, Indiana, he worked for the Studebaker Carriage Company one year and then returned to Cleveland, where he was employed as blacksmith by the Cleveland City Forge Company for three years. This firm he left to take charge of the forge of Hackney, Hammer & Company and two years later accepted a similar position' with Joseph Dyson & Son, with whom he remained seven years. About this time Harry French started in the machine forging business, in which he has been very successful, and called upon Mr. Komraus to act as manager. In Cleveland, on the 3d of March, 1888, Mr. Komraus was united in marriage to Miss Anna Gruettner, and three children have been born to the couple: Otto, aged nineteen, who is clerking in an office ; Elmer, aged fifteen, who is at- 642 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND tending the East high school ; and Marguerite, nine years old, who goes to the public school. The family resides at 1490 East Eighty-eighth street. Mr. Komraus is in regular attendance at the meetings of the local lodge of the Foresters of America, of which he is a member. At election times he gives his vote and support to the republican candidates, as the choice of the party in whose platform he thoroughly believes. He is a Christian in word and deed, a Protestant in his profession of faith. In the world of labor he has ever been a conscientious, skilled workman ; and now that his duties and work have enlarged his business horizon he is found equally competent to manage the problems that present themselves, and under his guidance the Machinery Forge Company should have a long and prosperous existence. COLONEL JOHN FRENCH HERRICK, Colonel John French Herrick, whose death occurred July 5, 1909, was entitled to three-fold prominence by reason of his military service in the Civil war, as an attorney at law and as a state senator whose legislative service included the authorship of a number of important bills. Throughout his entire life he was actuated by a devotion to the public good that none ever questioned. A native of Ohio, he was born in Wellington, Lorain county, on the 23d of February, 1836, and, reared as a farm lad, his time was divided between the work of the fields and the acquirement of an education. His district-school training was supplemented by study in the Wellington Academy in preparation for a collegiate course, and in 1856 he entered Oberlin College from which he was graduated in the spring of 1862. Immediately upon the conclusion of his course he raised a company for the Eighty-seventh Ohio Infantry, in Oberlin and Wellington, and was elected captain, thus serving in command of the organization until captured by the Confederates at Harpers Ferry. Soon afterward he was paroled and during his parole came to Cleveland and studied law in his brother's office, also pursuing a course in the Union and Ohio State Law Colleges. He had previously read to some extent and was graduated in 1863. He was also graduated at Oberlin College by the faculty during his absence at the front and found his diploma awaiting him on his return. In 1863 he received a recruiting commission from Governor Tod and raised a company in Cleveland for the Twelfth Ohio Cavalry, at which time he was commissioned as major of his regiment while in camp in this city. In the meantime he had been notified of the exchange of prisoners which left him free to again take up arms in defense of the Union cause. He served with the Twelfth Cavalry as a part of the Sixth Division of the Twenty-seventh Army Corps during the remainder of the war, and was honorably discharged on the 24th of November, 1865, with the rank of lieutenant colonel, having been promoted in August of that year. He was in command of the regiment during the last year of his service and was not only a thorough tactician but also by his own valor and loyalty inspired his men to deeds of bravery. He was with his regiment in numerous engagements of importance and at Marion, Virginia, led a cavalry charge which was considered a most gallant action and won for him the commendation of his superiors. When the war was over Colonel Herrick returned to Cleveland and entered into partnership with his brother, G. E. Herrick, for the practice of law, the relation being maintained until 1892, the firm occupying a prominent position in legal circles. Later he became senior member of the law firm of Herrick, Athey & Bliss, but after several years withdrew. From that time Colonel Herrick practiced alone and was widely recognized as one of the eminent representatives of the profession in this city. He was a very successful lawyer and was retained in many important cases involving not only important points in law but also vital ques- tions of rights and privileges as well as large wealth. His practice was confined HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 643 to civil law and while well informed on various branches of the profession he was largely regarded as an authority on corporation law and specially good as a trial lawyer. He remained at all times a thorough and discriminating student, while his keen analytical mind was evidenced in his correct deductions and his arguments followed in logical sequence. Up to a few years previous to his death he was one of the attorneys for the East Cleveland Street Railroad Company, was manager and attorney for the Cowell Platform & Coupler Company and was interested in several other business enterprises. He was survived by a widow and seven children, to whom he was greatly devoted. Colonel Herrick always maintained the deepest interest in military affairs, held membership in Brough Post, No. 359, G. A. R., of which he had been commander for many years prior to death, and was an active worker in the Loyal Legion. He was also connected with the Royal Arch Masons and was a member of the Presbyterian church, though very liberal in his theological views. He was a stalwart advocate of those political principles which he deemed right, and active in public affairs, but independent in his party allegiance. In the fall of 1901 he was elected state senator by a large majority. He served the people in a very creditable manner and was the author of a number of important bills which were passed during that session. Among those of especial importance was the bill which he prepared establishing the juvenile court. He ever regarded a public office, whether civil or military as a public trust—and it is well known that no trust reposed in Colonel Herrick was ever betrayed. His life abounded in good deeds quietly performed. His manner was most quiet and modest and his natural refinement and innate courtesy, combined with the ability which he displayed, gained him prominence, and by the consensus of public opinion he was ranked with the representative and honored residents of Cleveland. BURTIS M. HALLOCK. The boyhood and youth of Burtis M. Hallock was passed in New England, his birth having occurred August 2, 1858, at Templeton, Worcester county, Massachusetts. His father, Russell H. Hallock, was a brick contractor and entitled to honor as a veteran of the Civil war. Mr. Hallock, who is now a member of the important firm of Hallock & Bingham, plumbing and sewer building contractors, received his education in the schools of Templeton. However, at the early age of sixteen, he bade farewell to the schoolroom and enlisted in the vast army of wage earners. It is quite unusual that his first position should have been in the very line in which his ultimate success was to lie. This work, which was naturally of a somewhat lowly kind, was in the plumbing and tinsmithing business in Westboro, Massachusetts, his employers being Fitz & Preston. He remained in their employ for two years, becoming thoroughly grounded in the A B C's of the plumbing business, and then removed to Cleveland, which was to be the scene of his subsequent career. In 1876, the year of his arrival in the Forest city, he entered the employ of the Clark Brothers, who were engaged in the oil business. After two years with them he accepted a position with the Cleveland Refining Company and remained in their service for six years. When this connection was severed it was to become an independent business man, to exchange the role of employe for that of employer and to bring into play those executive talents which he possesses in no small measure. On June 15, 1891, the present business as plumbing and sewer building contractors was inaugurated and located where it still remains at 1707 East Fifty-fifth street. Mr. Hallock was married March 22, 1883, to Miss Kate Parton, a daughter of William Parton. Their attractive home at 6400 Whittier avenue, Northeast, is brightened by the presence of three children : Viola, Glenner and Adeline. 644 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Hallock gives his allegiance to what its adherents are pleased to call "the grand old party." As to his particular penchant he has a strong affection for outdoor life, that most potent restorer of good nature, sound and wholesome judgment and general accordance with the infinite, the sports which receive most of his attention being fishing and hunting. Mr. Hallock modestly attributes his success in life to those agents which lie within the grasp of each and all, hard work and close application, believing with the philosopher that "genius is an infinite capacity for taking pains." FREDERICK C. TAYLOR, M. D. One of the well known surgeons of Cleveland is Dr. Frederick C. Taylor, who has achieved distinction in his chosen work. He was born in this city, November 25, 1869, a son of De Witt Clinton and Affa Lowell (Standart) Taylor. The paternal grandfather, Charles Taylor, came to Cleveland in 1818, buying a farm of one hundred acres on the west side, which embraced a portion of what is now the business and residence district of the city. He followed farming until his death, which occurred in 1838. His son, De Witt Clinton Taylor, was born in this city in 1822, here grew to manhood, was married and engaged in business. He was well known as a successful dealer in real estate. His death occurred in 1895, but his wife, who was a native of New York state, lived until 1898. Dr. Frederick C. Taylor has spent the greater part of his life in Cleveland, the city of his birth. After completing the curriculum of its common schools, he entered the high school, from which he was graduated in 1888. He was then enrolled as a student of the medical college at Wooster, Ohio, receiving his medical degree from that institution in 1891. The next year and a half he spent as house surgeon in the City Hospital here, at the end of his service opening the office in which he is now located-1694 West Twenty-fifth street. At first he was engaged in general practice, but he found surgery much more to his liking, so that he gradually specialized in that branch of his profession, giving up general practice in 1907. He had made special preparation in surgery for he spent fourteen months in study at Vienna, Berlin and London. In Cleveland he has secured a large and lucrative practice, being one of the most successful men in his profession in this city. He became a member of the surgical staff of St. John's Hospital in 1902, resigning that position in 1905 to assume similar duties at the Lutheran Hospital. He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, of the Ohio State Medical Society and of the American Medical Association, organizations whose aim is to promote the development and advance the interest of the profession. Fraternally he is a Mason and has attained to the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. He is also a member of the Athletic and Clifton Clubs and is a director of the Peoples Savings Bank and of the Consumers Rubber Company. C. EDWARD KENDEL. C. Edward Kendel is a partner in the oldest seed house in Cleveland. conducted under the name of A. C. Kendel. His birth occurred in this city, his father being Adolphus Charles Kendel, for many years a well known and prominent merchant here. A. C. Kendel was born in Hesse-Darmstadt, Germany, in 1839, and on coming to America became a resident of Cleveland. In 1856, when seventeen years of age, he was employed by the house of which he was eventually the head. The seed business of which he became proprietor was established in 1839 by John Stair, a schoolmaster, who opened his store on Superior street and there continued until 1852, when he formed a partnership with his son for the HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 647 further conduct of his business under the firm style of J. Stair & Son. After the death of John Stair the business was conducted under that name and the location was changed to No. 2010 Ontario street. After J. Stair had passed away his son, Benjamin H. continued as a dealer in seeds and kindred supplies and his widow continued to own an interest in the business. As previously stated, A. C. Kendel entered the employ of the firm in 1856 and served them in various capacities until 1868, when he became the partner of Benjamin H. Stair under the firm style of B. H. Stair & Company. This association was maintained until 1875, when the senior partner died, after which Mr. Kendel and Mrs. Martha Stair, the widow of J. Stair continued the business until her demise in 1879. Having purchased Mrs. Stair's interest the firm name was changed to A. C. Kendel and the father of our subject remained at the head of the enterprise until his death in 1887. For four years thereafter Benjamin Wood carried on the business as executor and in 1893 William F. A. and C. Edward Kendel, sons of A. C. Kendel, took charge and conducted it under the old name of A. C. Kerlel. The firm has issued a seed catalogue each year since 1874, at which time it introduced its trade to the public with only a leaflet to describe the goods handled. Now the catalogue is a large and complete compendium of the seed business. The firm today has a number of employes and is widely known. They conduct a fruit business during part of the year and were the first Cleveland firm to receive California fruit. In 1901 Mr. Kendel was united in marriage to Miss Fannie Robson, a daughter of W. O. Robson, and they have two sons, Charles Robson and William Fred. Mr. Kendel belongs to the Royal Arcanum and to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is likewise connected with the Young Men's Christian Association and holds membership in the Plymouth Congregational church. His political support is given to the republican party but office holding has had no attraction for him. He prefers to concentrate his energies upon the business, which, under his direction, has developed along substantial lines, a tangible evidence of its growth being indicated in the fact that a new building is being erected for the conduct of the business, the plant to fill the entire building. From the beginning, in 1839, this house has sustained an unassailable reputation for the integrity of its methods and the spirit of enterprise which has characterized its management. JOHN DRUMM. John Drumm, one of the best known and most highly respected citizens of his day in Cleveland, was a native of Prussia and came to the new world from that country in 1834. He was one of the first and best known carriage makers of this city and was always admired and respected for his good, honest work. He never misrepresented a thing and the durability as well as the attractive finish of his manufactured products secured for him a ready sale of his carriages upon the market. His work was considered the standard of excellence. He lived here for about forty years and built up a large business. As he prospered he also invested in property, erecting many buildings and owning a large amount of real estate. He died in 1875--a wealthy man and one who was honored and respected by all who knew him. His wife bore the maiden name of Louisa Spellman and they had four children : Charles, who served in the Civil war ; Adam ; George W., who was killed at the battle of Stone River ; and Mary A., now Mrs. Deweese, who is the only one now living. She was the mother of one son, George W., who died six years ago, leaving a widow and one daughter, Mary Ruth. Mrs. Deweese still remains a resident of Cleveland. and has been very active in connection with many benevolent, charitable and philanthropic enterprises of the city, a number of them owing their existence today to her generosity in their time of need. She is the president of the Women's Republican League, vice 648 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND president and trustee of the Volunteer Firemen's Association and president of the Blind Relief Commission of Cuyahoga county, being the only woman in Ohio holding such a position and having been complimented by the governor and state officials for her valuable work in connection therewith. She likewise belongs to the Ladies Relief Corps and has been a member of the Altenheim since its organization in Cleveland. She is a member of the Council of Women and served on the legislative committee. She is interested in every movement to relieve suffering, to counteract the hard conditions of life for the unfortunate or to bring sunshine into the homes where sorrow, want or trouble is found. HARVEY BURKE. Among the early merchants of Cuyahoga county was Harvey Burke, a man respected and honored wherever known and most of all where best known. He was born in Newburg, Ohio, May I, 1820, and died June 2, 1861, His parents were Gaius and Sophia (Taylor) Burke, who came from Massachusetts in 1816 and located in Newburg, where the father purchased a farm. He was a son of Sylvanus Burke, who served with distinction in the Revolutionary war. After coming to Ohio Gaius Burke gave his entire attention to general agricultural pursuits and aided materially in the development of the farming interests of the community. Harvey Burke was indebted to the public-school system of Newburg for the educational advantages which he received and which qualified him for life's practical and responsible duties. He worked for his father on the farm for several years, gaining practical experience in the best methods of tilling the soil and caring for the crops. However, he believed that commercial pursuits would prove more congenial and profitable and in 1847 he established a general store in Newburg which he carried on for about twelve years or until two years prior to his death, when he sold out. During that period he had carefully managed and controlled his business interests and his able direction had brought an increase in trade and made him one of the profitable merchants of the community. In affairs relating to the public good Mr. Burke was keenly interested and his accountable to law. He was also school director for several years and the cause of education found in him a stalwart champion. He also held the office of county impartial, so that he won golden opinions from all those who held themselves labors were efficacious in promoting general improvement. He served as justice of the peace in Newburg for twelve years and his decisions were strictly fair and treasurer for three years but owing to illness he could not go to the office. His brother, however, attended to the business for him, all affairs being transacted in his own name. His political allegiance was given to the republican party after its organization, for he was in hearty sympathy with the principles which gave rise to the new political power. Fraternally he was connected with the Odd Fellows and his life exemplified the ennobling principles which underlie that order. On the 29th of October, 1845, Mr Burke was united in marriage to Miss Rachel Cochran Hamilton, a daughter of Enos and Salinda (Brainard) Cochran, who came to Cleveland from Kendall, New York, in February, 182o, when this city was but a small and inconsequential village with little or no indication of its present development and progress. Mrs.' Burke's father died when she was three years of age and a few years later her mother married Justus Hamilton, of Cleveland, who came to this city on horseback when eight years of age, making HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 649 the journey from New York. He was a father to the little girl, who has ever revered his memory. His birth occurred in western Massachusetts on a farm nine miles from Mount Tom, March 17, 1792, and with his father, Samuel Hamilton, he made the journey to Ohio on horseback in the spring of 1801, arriving in Newburg in March of that year. They followed an Indian trail along the lake shore from Buffalo, New York, camping out at night. Samuel Hamilton settled on a claim on what is now Woodland Hills and there built a log cabin. In the fall of 1802, after he had cleared enough ground to get in a small crop, he returned to Massachusetts for his family, while his little son Justus remained with his uncle, James Hamilton, who had come to Cuyahoga county in 1796 with Moses Cleveland as one of the party. Samuel Hamilton was drowned near Buffalo, New York, in what was then called Buffalo creek, in the spring of 1804, while returning from his home in Massachusetts, where he had been to settle up some business and to get some stock for the farm. The old home of the Hamilton family was for some years on Harvard street in Cleveland, and Samuel Hamilton was one of the officers in the organization of the township of Cleveland. Mrs. Burke was reared in Newburg, where she resided until 1894, when she removed to Cleveland, though Newburg now forms a part of the city. By her marriage she became the mother of five children, all of whom are now deceased and she is survived only by a granddaughter, Edith J. Kingman. Mrs. Burke is a member of the Old Settlers Association and is one of Cleveland's oldest and most highly esteemed pioneer women. Her memory goes back to the early days when Cleveland was a frontier town with little promise of future development and through the intervening years she has witnessed many events which have left their impress upon the growth and progress of the city. JAMES JOSEPH HOGAN. James Joseph Hogan, one of the most prominent attorneys in Cleveland, Ohio, whose signal ability has won him high standing in the courts of the state, was born in Ontario, May 1, 1859, and is a son of James and Mary (Harrigan) Hogan, both deceased, who emigrated with their parents from Ireland between the years 1830 and 1840. Both families settled in Middlesex county, Ontario, where they purchased farms, which they afterward cleared and improved in what was then a pathless woods. They were among the first settlers of that county. Here his parents married and lived for a few years on a farm and then removed to Syracuse, New York, where they lived for a number of years. Later they removed to the Saginaw valley, Michigan, where they lived until the father died, leaving a family consisting of a widow and seven children. The family was soon broken up and the children scattered. James, who was then in his tenth year, being taken by an uncle, with whom he lived on a farm for about eight years. Here he acquired habits of industry and study, and was forced to reflect and consider and plan for his own future. He also learned to realize the necessity and value of an education, or rather the importance of an adequate and suitable moral and mental training and equipment for any poor youngster who aspires to worthily follow an intellectual pursuit or to make himself felt in the world. Here he acquired, under disadvantages, enough of an education to secure a certificate to teach a district school. Leaving his uncle's home, he began teaching and finding this unprofitable he entered the lumber woods of Michigan, where he fitted himself for, and in time secured from one of the big and splendidly managed operating companies, a responsible and profitable position as a bookkeeper and scaler of logs and long timber. Being removed from the pleasurable pastimes of youth and society and having plenty of leisure time on his hands and having resolved to become a lawyer, Mr. Hogan pursued his studies, a part of the time, fortunately under the inspiring