(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 650 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND and intelligent guidance and direction of an interested and highly educated friend. In 1884, he came to Cleveland from Michigan with this friend and began the study of law, being admitted to the Ohio bar in February, 1886, since which time he has been engaged here in the general practice of his profession. At present his offices are in the Williamson Building at the corner of Euclid avenue and the Public Square. In the actual work of the courts Mr. Hogan has had a large and varied experience, has been engaged in many important cases, and has met with uncommon success in the trial of cases, in all of which he has displayed that measure of ability and success which have exalted him in the minds of the fraternity and placed him among the foremost handlers of litigation in this part of the country. By those best able to pass judgment he is considered one of the best trial lawyers at the Cleveland bar. He is an excellent counselor, well versed in the various departments of the legal profession, being upon the whole a painstaking and conscientious advocate, at the same time being widely recognized as a profound student and a deep thinker along many lines outside of his profession. Mr. Hogan has been married since 1885 and resides at the present time at No. 5809 Quinby avenue, with his wife and son Homer and his stepson Charles. He loves his home life, enjoys its comforts and appreciates its privacy and its advantages, and at the present time belongs to no social clubs or societies that can be called such. LUKE BRENNAN. Luke Brennan, who for many years was prominently identified with contracting interests in Cleveland, but since 1900 has lived retired, putting aside active business cares when he had reached the age of three score years and ten, was born in County Roscommon, Ireland, in October, 1830. His parents were Ennis and Ellen (Gavican) Brennan. The father came to Cleveland in 1862 and here passed away in 1872, at the age of sixty-five years. His wife long survived him and died in 1884, at the age of eighty-four years, Luke Brennan was educated in the schools of his native country, spending his youthful days in that picturesque land which is far famed in song and story. When nineteen years of age he sailed for the new world, settling first at Brooklyn, Connecticut, where he secured employment as a farm hand. During the succeedmg five years, which constituted a period of unfaltering industry and close economy, he carefully saved his money with the idea of engaging in business on his own account. When he arrived in Cleveland in 1853 he brought with him some capital which he at once invested in teams and other equipment, preparatory to engaging in the sewer and street contracting business. During his active career he built more streets and sewers than any other contractor of the city and for many years had the entire contracts for street cleaning and improvements. He came to Cleveland with but limited capital, save for boundless industry and unfaltering determination, but he soon worked his way upward until he became the foremost contractor in his line in the city and is the oldest living contractor. He has erected and owned numerous properties in the business district of the city as the years have gone by and his judicious investment has made him a man of considerable means, so that he is now enabled to live retired without further recourse to labor as a source of livelihood. He has served as a member of the board of improvements of Cleveland by appointment of Mayor Babcock. There are two instances in the life of Mr. Brennan which illustrate the luck which has at times attended him and also indicate his sympathy for the unfortunate. Some years ago a cannon target practice was held in Cleveland presided over by the light artillery, on which occasion a prize of one hundred and fifty dollars was given for hitting the bull's eye at a range of three-fourths of a mile. Mr. Brennan happened to be present, paid for a shot, made mental calculation as to the sight, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 653 fired and, although unused to firearms, his ball hit the target and he won the prize money. There has always been in him a strong sense of justice combined with deep sympathy for those to whom fate seemed unkind. This is illustrated in a little instance which occurred in 1880. While he was traveling he overheard a detective planning with an accomplice to secure the conviction of a prisoner named Welch accused of murder at Fremont, Ohio. It transpired that through manufactured evidence Welch was convicted and sentenced to be hung, the detective to receive the reward of three thousand dollars which had been offered for his apprehension and conviction. As the day of execution drew near Mr. Brennan, convinced of the man's innocence, went to Columbus and interceded with Governor Foster in his behalf and succeeded in having his sentence changed to that of life imprisonment. In April, 1852, Mr. Brennan was united in marriage to Miss Catherine Barlow, a daughter of Patrick and Ann Barlow. Mrs. Brennan was born in County Roscommon, Ireland, in 1831, and their marriage was celebrated at Brooklyn, Connecticut. They celebrated their golden wedding in 1902 and traveled life's journey for seven years thereafter but were separated in the death of Mrs. Brennan June 4, 1909. Their children were as follows : Frank and Hubert, both of whom died at the age of twenty-one ; Anna, the wife of Charles M. Le Blond, of Cleveland, by whom she has three children—Luke, Rev. C. Hubart Le Blond, and Charlotte ; John F., who married Lillian Ohlemacher, of Sandusky, Ohio, and has one daughter, Norma ; and Terese, the wife of Charles P. O'Reilly, of Cleveland, by whom she has two children, Ralph and Paul. Mr. Brennan retired from active business in 1900, after which he visited his old home in Ireland and made a tour of continental Europe. He had visited Europe m 1859 and again in 1886. He is, however, satisfied with America as a place of residence, for the greater part of his life has been passed here and he is deeply attached to this land and her institutions. Fraternally he is connected with the Knights of Columbus and politically he is a democrat. He held a commission as lieutenant during the Civil war from Governor Tod. He belong to the Cathedral Catholic church and was for years an active member of the Knights of St. John. For half a century Mrs. Brennan was prominently identified with the benevolent and charitable work of the Roman Catholic church of which she was a lifelong member. She always responded most readily to any tale of sorrow and distress and the poor and needy found in her a warm and generous friend. Mr. Brennan has never found occasion to regret his determination to seek a home in America, for he found here the business opportunities that he sought and with labor unhampered by caste or class he has steadily worked his way upward until he is now numbered among Cleveland's men of affluence. LOUIS GLICK. Louis Glick is an excellent example of the type of sturdy, industrious, economical men Hungary is sending to the United States. They make good citizens, are not afraid of hard work and know how to succeed and to bring prosperity to those associated with them. Mr. Glick was born in Hungary, June 15, 1858, and is a son of Solomon and Esther (Gross) Glick, both deceased. The father died and was buried in Hungary, but the mother came 'to this country and was laid to rest in Fir street cemetery, Cleveland. Their children were Rasie, now the wife of Adolph Roth, of Cleveland ; Herman, also a resident of this city ; Louis, of this review ; and Morris, of Ely, Nevada. Coming to the United States July 4, 1873, Louis Glick immediately located in Cleveland, where he bought a stock of goods and went about peddling his articles. For six years he continued this hard work, constantly denying himself so as to secure a little capital, and in 1879 he removed to Leadville, Colorado, where he saw an opportunity to open a general merchandise store. After a year 654 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND there, he removed to Crested Butte, Gunnison county, Colorado, and embarked in the same line of business under the style of Glick Brothers, in which he continued to be interested until 1905. In 1897 he returned to Cleveland to become associated with the Grossman Paper Box Company, and in 1905 was elected its vice president and treasurer. An account of this company is to be found elsewhere in this work. Mr. Glick was married August 1, 1886, to Rosa Grossman, a native of Cleveland, and a daughter of Marcus and Hannah (Solomonson) Grossman, both of whom are dead and buried in Mayfield cemetery, Cleveland. Her brothers and sisters are Emma, the deceased wife of Benjamin Wiesenberger ; Samuel and Louis J., both of Cleveland ; and Malvine, the wife of Henry Bauman, of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Glick have two daughters and one son : Jay M., who attended the common schools and Central high school and is now associated with his father and uncle as clerk in their offices ; Edith, who was graduated from Central high school with the class of 1907 and is now attending the Woman's College; and Sylvia, who was graduated from Central high school with the class of 1909 and is also attending the Woman's College. The family belong to Tifereth Israel congregation of The Temple. Mr. Glick belongs to Crested Butte Lodge, No. 58, A. F. & A. M., and Elk Mountain Lodge, No. 52, I. O. O. F. Coming here a poor man with no knowledge of the language, pursuing a humble calling for years, Mr. Glick has persevered until he is one of the officials of a big concern. His energy, courage and zest for work, have resulted in his success. He not only has dominated his business associates, but he has won their confidence and respect and made for himself and family a place among the substantial people of Cleveland. H. E. WILLARD. Men are not chosen for responsible positions unless they have earned them by faithful application to duty, and the development of ability of an unusual order. Those who are not worthy of rising, remain in the ranks ; those who are, advance to command. Throughout the years of his connection with business interests H. E. Willard has made steady advancement, the simple weight of his character and ability carrying him into important commercial relation, until by the steps of orderly progression he has reached a place of prominence, being now general manager and a director of the United States Coal Company. Mr. Willard was born October i8, 1860, in Cleveland, and comes of old and honored families. He is a son of Elliott S. Willard, born in Cleveland March 7, 1823, who came from Willson and Euclid avenue, and grandson of John Oliver Willard, who came from Massachusetts to Cleveland in 1813, being one of the first settlers in the Western Reserve. He cleared his land, and took active part in the early development of this region. His death occurred in 1824. Before he came west John Oliver Willard married Sarah Lamb, a native of Vermont. The Willard family was founded in Massachusetts by Samuel Willard, first royal secretary, who came to the new country during the reign of George III. The Willard family has always been prominent in both business and educational life here, and some of them have held official positions on the faculty of Harvard University. Elliott S. Willard was one of the original stockholders of the company that built the first street railroad in Cleveland. For fourteen years, probably from 1856 to 1870, he was a member of the city council, and was otherwise actively identified with the city government. His death occurred March 4, 1877, and in his demise the city lost one of its best and most substantial men. In 1848 Elliott S. Willard married Ruth Delphia Hudson, who was born in Cleveland, in 1829, on the present site of the Fairmont waterworks, a daughter of Thomas and Delphia HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 655 (Sherwin) Hudson. The father was born in New York in 1768 and belonged to the original Hudson family. His wife was born in 1790, and died in 1886. In 1807 Mr. and Mrs. Hudson came to Cleveland, settling on the place where Mrs. Willard was later born. Here they developed a good home, and bore their part in the advancement of the city. H. E. Willard was born on the same place as his father and there grew up, attending the Cleveland public schools and Oberlin College. Upon leaving school he began working for William Bingham & Company, wholesale dealers in hardware, with whom he remained six years. He then went to New Philadelphia and built an iron-pipe mill, of which he had charge for four years. When that period expired, he came back to Cleveland, and started in business with A. C. Sanders & Company, handling coal and iron ore for four years. In 1wo he formed a partnership with Robert Rhoades and M. A. Bradley, which resulted in the organization of the United States Coal Company. The business activities of Mr. Willard are now largely confined to the coal trade and its connected interests, he being actively identified with the business in a broad and large way. On July 11, 1891, Mr. Willard married Edith Smith, who was born in New Philadelphia, Ohio. They have three children : Marie, born June 11, 1894; Elliott Sherrill, born June 12, 1898; and Pricilla, born December 5, 1903. Mr. Willard belongs to the Clifton Club and the Cleveland Athletic Association. Politically he is a republican. An excellent business man, social by nature, and fond of his home and family, Mr. Willard is one of the best representatives of Cleveland's most responsible citizens. Mr. Willard's home is in Lakewood and is perhaps more widely known than any other place in this vicinity, it having been the homestead of Dr. Jared Kirtland, a man of wide fame as a naturalist and philosopher, and on the grounds are seen today many rare and beautiful trees, brought by Dr. Kirtland from many parts of the world. The house and grounds remain largely as they were left by the great naturalist. WILLIAM HOWARD BRETT. William Howard Brett, who has become widely known as a very earnest worker in library and educational circles, is now occupying the position of librarian of the Cleveland public library and has done much to make this an institution of which every loyal citizen is proud. One of Ohio's native sons, his birth occurred at Braceville in 1846, his parents being Morgan Lewis and Jane (Brokaw) Brett. The father was born in New York in 1810, while the mother's birth occurred in Virginia five years later. Both passed away in Cleveland. Their children were three in number, namely : William H., of this review ; Ida J., who follows the profession of teaching in this city ; and Mary V., who likewise taught school and who is now deceased. Spending his boyhood days under the parental roof, William Howard Brett was sent at the usual age to the public schools in Warren, Ohio. He afterward studied in Western Reserve College at Hudson and in the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, while from Hiram College he received the degree of Master of Arts. Mr. Brett has devoted much of his life to library work. He has himself always been a student and his reading has been wide and varied and his research thorough. His success in this work is founded upon his broad general knowledge and his devotion to the cause of public libraries as an element in general education. In 1884 he was appointed librarian of the Cleveland public library and has since occupied the position. In his official capacity he has done much to influence and elevate the public taste, endeavoring to create a demand not only for that class of books which are termed "popular" but also for those volumes which have a more select circle of readers because appreciation depends upon a more cultured mind. The work of Mr. Brett has not been confined alone 656 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND to his duties in Cleveland, for he has labored assiduously and effectively to promote the library interests of the county at large. He was largely instrumental in forming the Ohio Library Association, of which he served as the first president in 1895 and 1896, and in 1897 was president of the American Library Association, while the following year he was chairman of the Trans-Mississippi Library Congress. He has likewise been dean of the Western Reserve Library School since 1903 and was the originator of the Cumulative Index. His efforts have been of a most practical character and the ideas that he has advanced have been incorporated in library work in different parts of the country to the benefit of such institutions. Chief among these ideas have been the practicability of allowing readers free access to the shelves in large libraries, the development of the system of branch libraries and other distributing agencies, and the organization of library work with children. In 1879 Mr. Brett was united in marriage to Miss Alice L. Allen, of Cleveland, and to them were born six children, as follows : Morgan L., a graduate of the West Point Military Academy and now first lieutenant of Coast Artillery ; Allen V., editor of Concrete Engineering ; George H., Edith A. and William H., Jr., students ; and `Harold, who died as an infant. Mr. Brett is a member of the Rowfant Club and of the Chamber of Commerce. LOUIS JOHN ESTY. Louis John Esty is well known as a popular and rising- young lawyer of the Forest city now engaged in general practice as a member of the firm of McMillin, Esty & Pattison. A native of Cleveland, born April 12, 1877, Louis John Esty is a son of John B. Esty and a grandson of Ezra B. Esty. The great-grandfather Esty was a captain at the battle of Lundy's Lane in the war of 1812 and Louis J. Esty now has his sword scabbard and belt. Earlier representatives of the family were soldiers in the Revolutionary war. Ezra B. Esty was born in 1826 and his life history covered the intervening years to the 19th of September, 1903. The family removed from the Empire state to Ohio in the '3os and was established in Cleveland in 1868, after living for a number of years at Hiram Rapids. For many years Ezra B. Esty had charge of the sales department of the old Peerless mowers and reapers and afterward became special agent for the Equitable Life Assurance Association but lived retired for twenty-five years prior to his death. He was an active republican and served on various election boards but did not care for political preferment. He was known as an exemplary and loyal representative of the Masonic fraternity, in which he attained the Knight Templar degree and his many admirable qualities and social disposition made him a popular man. John B. Esty was born in Mantua, Ohio, March 18, 1848, and for some years was closely associated with the iron industry in this city as secretary of the Cleveland Iron, Steel & Nail Company, which is still conducting business but under a different name. He wedded Carrie E. Griffin, who was born in Ravenna, Ohio, a daughter of Alexander B. Griffin, whose birth occurred in New York, September 18, 1819. Removing to Ohio he became owner and proprietor of the Ravenna Hub & Felloe Works, conducting one of the leading manufacturing enterprises of the city, and at the same time his official service made him one of the most valued and honored residents of Ravenna. He filled the office of mayor for two terms, was clerk of the court, a member of the city council and also in other offices. Thus at his death, which occurred June to, 1901, the city lost one of its leading residents. One of the maternal great-grandfathers of L. J. Esty was Auren Stowe, who was born at Braceville, Ohio, and was a general merchant. Mr. Esty also has in his possession documents signed by Return J. Meigs, postmaster general of the United States, and Thomas Jefferson, president of the United States, commissioning Auren Stowe to take the mail over the route between Cleveland and other points. The Griffin family is of English origin. Alexander Buell HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 659 Griffin, the father of Mrs. John B. Esty, was a son of Richard C. and Ann C. (Buell) Griffin. This Buell family is also of English lineage, tracing the ancestry back to a lord mayor of London, the family having a record in direct line to the twelfth or thirteenth century. Louis John Esty was only two years old at the time of his father's death and then went to make his home with his grandparents in Ravenna, Ohio. His preliminary education was supplemented by study in the Ohio Wesleyan University, which conferred upon him the Bachelor of Science degree in 1899, and in 1901 he received the Bachelor of Law degree from the law department of the Western Reserve University. The same year he was admitted to the bar and entered upon practice in Cleveland. After two months he was appointed attorney for the -Savings & Trust Company, now the Citizens Savings & Trust Company and devoted his entire attention to the legal affairs of the bank until January 1, 1909, when he associated himself with F. C. McMillin and C. W. Pattison in the general practice of law under the firm name of McMillin, Esty & Pattison. He is also a director of the Cleveland Power Equipment Company. On the 15th of May, 1902, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Esty and Miss Grace L. Davis, a daughter of Edward L. and Emma L. (Davis) Davis, of Garrettsville, Ohio. They now have one child, Roger E., born January 26, 1905. Mr. Esty is a member of the Masonic fraternity, in which he has attained the Knight Templar degree. He also belongs to the Masonic Club, the Cleveland Gun Club and the East End Tennis Club. His political endorsement is given to the republican party and his religious faith is evidenced in his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church. Having spent his entire life in Cleveland, he is well known and the fact that many of his warmest friends are those with whom he has been acquainted from his boyhood days is an indication of his conformity to high standards of manhood, of citizenship and of professional ethics. ORLANDO HALL. Orlando Hall, an attorney who has largely withdrawn from the active practice of law to devote his attention to the management of estates, was born in Summit county, Ohio, September 28, 1855. There are extant family records which give account of the ancestry back to the year 1639, when the first representative of the name in America came from England and settled in Connecticut. There are still members of the family residing in Fairfield county, Connecticut, where the ancestors of our subject in direct line remained until Orlando Hall, Sr., the father, came to Ohio. He was born in Fairfield county, June 20, 1819, and, removing westward, became a merchant at Akron, Ohio, owning and conducting the leading store at that place. He was one of the most honored, influential and prominent citizens of Akron, where he had located in early manhood, entering into business with his brother, P. D. Hall, which association was thereafter maintained. His death occurred in Akron in 1855. He married Sophia Towne, who was born in Trumbull county, Ohio, September 14, 1820, and died in Cleveland in April, 1892. She was a daughter of Benjamin and Mehitable (Gage) Towne. Her father, a native of Massachusetts, came to Ohio in 1819 and, settling in Trumbull county, there followed the occupation of farming. He was descended from William Towne, who took the Freeman's oath in the Massachusetts bay colony in 1630. In private schools of Cleveland Orlando Hall began his education, which he continued in the Cleveland Academy and m Greylock Institute at Williamstown, Massachusetts. He is also a Yale man, having been graduated at New Haven in 1877 with the Bachelor of Arts degree. He studied law with Judge R. P. Ranney and afterward pursued a course of lectures for one year and studied in the Columbia Law school of New York. In February, 1880, he was admitted to the 660 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND bar and entered upon practice in Cleveland. He has never been associated in any partnership relations but has always placed his dependence upon his ability to build up a clientage for himself. After a few years, however, he gradually withdrew from the practice of law, as his private interests absorbed his time. He is now the owner of property in Akron, Ohio, which he is plotting and developing, and he has extensive and important business interests elsewhere which are now under his control. Mr. Hall is a republican in his political views. He belongs to the Delta Kappa Epsilon, a Greek letter fraternity of Yale, to the Union, Tavern, Country and Roadside Clubs of Cleveland and the University and Yale Clubs of New York city. He is a man of broad general culture, who finds his companionship in those social circles where intelligence is regarded as a necessary attribute to congeniality. In the management of his estates he gives evidence of his business ability and wise direction of important interests and thus he has come both socially and in business lines to a prominent place in the life and activities of Cleveland. ALEXANDER W. PENNINGTON. History should not concern itself alone with those who are now factors in the world's work, but should also include the record of those who at any time have been active in promoting general progress along material, intellectual, social or political lines. They have all left their influence upon the public life of the community and deserve mention in its annals. Alexander W. Pennington, whose name introduces this review, was for many years one of the leading contractors of Cleveland and had much to do with the city's substantial improvement. He was born in New Jersey, December 7, 1833, and in early life learned the carpenter's trade, which he chose as a life work. As the years passed and his efficiency increased he became widely recognized as an expert workman and this led him to enter business on his own account. While the original contracts accorded him were small and unimportant his business steadily increased until he became one of the largest contractors in the city, employing many men. He was widely known for his honest and excellent work and it was well known that if he accepted a contract he would live fully up to its terms and give the best possible service. He thus won a reputation for business probity and sincerity that was most enviable. He held membership in the Builders Exchange and enjoyed the high regard of those who were associated with him in a similar line of work, as well as of those who met him in other connections outside of business relations. Mr. Pennington was united in marriage to Miss Sarah Spear, who died in 1898. They were the parents of six children, four of whom are yet living. After the death of his first wife Mr. Pennington was married, in December, 1899, to Mrs. Minerva (Wheeler) Snelling, of Pennsylvania, the widow of John Snelling. Mr. Pennington was a charter member and a very active worker in All Souls Universalist church on the corner of Fifty-fifth and Thackery streets. He served as one of the deacons and as a trustee in the church and was ever faithful to its best interests. He was also equally loyal in community affairs and did everything in his power to promote the growth and development of Cleveland, especially in that part of the city in which he made his home. In his fraternal relations he was a Mason, while his political allegiance was given to the democratic party. He was a man of high character and honor and his death, which occurred September 28, 19o8, was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he had made for himself a creditable name as a business man and citizen and was known in the social circles in which he moved as a faithful and loyal friend. Perhaps no better indication of his character and the place he filled in the community can be given than in the following: HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 663 To the Board of Trustees of All Souls Universalist Church: Your committee appointed to prepare resolutions of respect on the death of Brother A. W. Pennington beg to report as follows : Brother Pennington, who died on the 28th day of September, 1908, was a charter member of All Souls church and a valued member of its board of trustees from its organization continuously until his death. As a member of the board he was regular in attendance at its meetings when his health permitted, though the long distance he was obliged to travel to the meeting place necessitated a considerable sacrifice on his part in order to be present. Though a man of few words and one who did not obtrude his opinions on his associates, still he was a man of firm and well reasoned convictions. At the meetings of the board, discussions on mooted questions were usually conducted by others, but in the end Brother Pennington's opinion was always sought and respected, because all had long since come to know that his conclusions were the product of mature deliberation. In church work he was always an optimist. He could see a bright future ahead and was always ready for greater achievements. In the in fancy of the church, when it was without means and had but few members, he, like the other members of the board, unhesitatingly pledged his own credit for a large amount in order that the church might have a home. He could always be depended upon to do his part and a little more. Not only did he contribute to the utmost of his ability in a financial way, but was ever ready to devote his time and energy to the work of his church. It mattered not what department of the church's activities was in need of assistance, Brother Pennington could be counted upon to do the very best he could. What he undertook to do he always did and did it well. When he was appointed on a committee to make investigations and report, the trustees were sure a report would be forthcoming and it would be the result of careful attention and wholly reliable. In the church Brother Pennington was a valued member and faithful to its ministrations. He was seldom absent from the morning service and was invariably in his accustomed seat when the service opened. He attended church thus regularly because, as a member and believer in its teachings, he felt it his duty to do so, and because also he derived pleasure and benefit from being there. He enjoyed greeting his brethren after service and his hearty handshake will be remembered by all. He has been with us from the beginning and his departure leaves a vacancy that cannot be filled. Therefore be it Resolved,—That in the death of Brother Pennington, All Souls church has lost a devoted member, an earnest worker in its various activities and one of its principal supports. The board of trustees has lost a valued associate, whose faithful attendance at the meetings was an inspiration and a priceless example, whose words of counsel were golden and whose greatest joy was found in his labor for his church. That this community has lost a man of sterling character and high ability, who exemplified in his business and his daily walk all those qualities that are essential to an active, honorable and Christian life, and, Resolved,—That this memorial be spread upon the records of the church and a copy thereof transmitted to the family of our late brother. W. E. COLLINS, H. H. HENRY, Committee. HARLEN ELMER SHIMMIN. Among the architects whose ability contributes to the improvement and adornment of Cleveland is numbered Harlen Elmer Shimmin, a native son of the city, who was born March 3o, 1873. His paternal grandfather, John Shimmin, was a native of the Isle of Man, and became one of the early settlers of Warrensville, Ohio, where he held large property interests. His son, Henry Shimmin, was born in Warrensville, a suburb of Cleveland, and was one of the early representatives 664 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of transportation interests in this city. He owned and operated the steam road from Cleveland to Colmer, about ten miles in length, and became a prosperous and well known man. His death occurred in 1878. His widow, who bore the maiden name of Dora Harper, was born in Ohio and is still living. She is the daughter of Jacob Harper, one of the pioneer residents of Cleveland, who located on Lake street. He, too, was a native of Ohio and was a prominent and respected business man who during the period of the Civil war conducted a hotel. Harlen E. Shimmin was born on Lake street in this city and pursued his education in the public schools and in a business college. He later pursued a course in engineering under private tutors and on completing his studies entered the office of Charles W. Hopkinson, an architect. After completing the term of his apprenticeship he was rapidly promoted and took charge of the office, being associated with Mr. Hopkinson for thirteen years. In 1904 he began the active practice of his profession for himself and his success from the beginning was immediate and rapid. He has been largely engaged in making the plans for fine residences and designed the palatial home of Lyman Lawrence, of Paul Lawrence, D. E. Tare, E. G. Fisher, E. E. Allyne, F. G. Comer, A. G. McKee and George Nicholson. These are among the notable examples of fine architecture in this city, and Mr. Shimmin has been the recipient of many congratulatory letters and expressions concerning their beauty of design and originality. He possesses a natural artistic taste and mechanical turn of mind, qualities which are evidenced in the success which has constituted the logical sequence of his efforts. He is a member of the Colonial Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club and is a thirty-second degree Mason of the Scottish Rite and a member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is fond of motoring and of fishing and he spends his leisure hours in the enjoyment of those sports, but gives his time and attention primarily to his business along lines that have constituted the basis of his continuous promotion. ARTHUR K. LIEBICH. While of foreign birth, Arthur K. Liebich spent the greater part of his life in Cleveland and was identified in many ways with its interests, never failing to give hearty cooperation to any project in which the welfare of the city was involved. He was born in the principality of Gera, near Saxony, Germany, September 10, 1854. His parents were Moritz E. and Alline (Gerlach) Liebich, of Gera. The father was an artist of renown in his native country and a wealthy business man. He attended court there and bore a title, but during the Civil war in America he lost his fortune. In the year 1859 he crossed the Atlantic to America and for a brief time lived in Bucyrus, Ohio, but when the family came the following year he removed to Cleveland. He was for many years a portrait painter here for Mr. North and in 1879 he established a photograph gallery in connection with his son, Arthur K. and was widely known in Cleveland as a prominent representative of art life. Arthur K. Liebich was only about six years of age when the mother brought her children to the new world and here joined the husband and father. He was sent as a pupil to the public schools. wherein he continued his education for a number of years, and after leaving school he spent two or three years in Illinois and in Columbus, Ohio. In 1879, when twenty-five years of age, he joined his father in the establishment of a photograph gallery. He had inherited his father's artistic ability and became one of the leading photographers of the city, having a well equipped and tastefully appointed studio, from which was turned out some of the finest work ever done in this city. He kept abreast at all times with the improvements made in the process of modern photography and was a leader, not a follower, in that line. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 665 On the 16th of May, 1881, Mr. Liebich was married to Miss Alice A. Lacy, a daughter of George B. and Lucy A. (Foote) Lacy. The father came from Connecticut to the Western Reserve with his parents at an early period in the colonization and development of Ohio and was one of the pioneers here. He made his home at Aurora, Portage county, where he carried on the occupation of farming. In his political views Mr. Liebich was an earnest republican, giving to the party his stalwart support from the time when age conferred upon him the right of franchise. At local elections, however, where no issue was involved, he cast an independent ballot. Fraternally he was associated with Concordia Lodge, F. & A. M.; Webb Chapter, R. A. M. ; Cleveland Council, R. & S. M. ; Holyrood Commandery, K. T., and reached the thirty-second degree. He was also a member of Criterion Lodge, K. P., and he had a creditable military record. For two years he was a commissioned officer in the Ohio National Guard, later was appointed regimental quartermaster and afterward became major of the Fifth Regiment. When the organization offered its services during the Spanish-American war Major Liebich was one of the hardest workers in placing the command on a war footing. He was alive at all times to the vital questions of the day, whether bearing upon the political or military history, the business development or the municipal affairs of Cleveland, and stood at all times for progress, which might be termed the watchword of his career. He died November 7, 1905, at the comparatively early age of fifty-one years, and Cleveland lost from her ranks one whom she had come to regard as a worthy and valued citizen. WILLIAM R. CREER. William R. Creer, who in 1893 became a resident of Cleveland, was in 1896 active in the organization of the business which is now successfully conducted under the name of the Cleveland Savings & Loan Company, of which he is the secretary. He was born on the Isle of Man, January 17, 1861. His father, Robert Creer, also a native of that island, was born April 21, 1834, and was a son of Robert and Margaret Creer. Robert Creer, Jr., wedded Eleanor Craine, a daughter of Philip and Catherine Craine and a native of the Isle of Man, born October 10, 1834. In the year 1867 Robert Creer and his family came to the United States, settling first in New Jersey but subsequently removing to Vermont, where he became connected with mining interests. He died November 21, 1878, and is still survived by his wife, who now resides in Proctor, Vermont. William R. Creer was a lad of seven years at the time the family crossed the Atlantic to the new world. He pursued his education in the public schools to the age of eleven and then started out to earn his own living, working first as engine boy in the iron mines. A year later he became office boy with the Bethlehem Iron Company, with which he remained until fifteen years of age, when he accepted a clerkship in a general store. Each change was a promotion and bringing into play his different native faculties, increased his strength and developed his efficiency in business lines. In 1877 he went with his parents to Ely, Vermont, where he accepted a position with the Copper Mining Company in connection with the office and general store. He was first employed as clerk, later became bookkeeper and was soon afterward promoted to the position of secretary to the general mangaer. This connection continued until 1883, when he withdrew from that position to become cashier of the Lawyers Cooperative Publishing Company, of Rochester, New York. He remained with that company for three years and next engaged in merchandising on his own account in Rhode Island for six years. At the end of that period he became associated with the Vermont Marble Company and in 1893 came to Cleveland as cashier and credit man for the local branch of the company. He remained in that connection until April, 1896, when he organized the Cleveland Savings & Loan Company and became its 666 - HISTORY- OF CLEVELAND first secretary and treasurer, acting in that capacity to the present time. Under his capable control and as the result of his keen business discernment, ready sagacity and recognition of opportunities, he has built up a very successful financial enterprise—one of the largest in its line in the city. He is also president of the Land Title Abstract Company and is largely interested in real estate. He is now the secretary and treasurer of the West Madison Realty Company, which he organized in 1905, and is a director of the Federal Union Insurance Company of Chicago. Mr. Creer is also associated with organizations for the benefit and promotion of business interests and is now serving on the executive council of the American Bankers Association. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the potentiality of which is widely recognized in connection with the substantial development of Cleveland. He also belongs to the Cleveland Advertising Club Company, of which he is treasurer and one of the directors, and in more strictly social lines he is connected with the Hermit Club. His political endorsement is not given uniformly to any party, for he is rather independent in his views concerning questions of municipal or general government. From 1894 to 1902 he was president of the Mona's Relief Society of Cleveland. On the 6th of September, 1879, Mr. Creer was married to Miss Anna Frances Burnham, a daughter of Carlton O. and Theresa L. (Blodgett) Burnham, of West Fairlee, Vermont. Mrs. Creer is a representative of a very old New England family, belonging to the seventh generation in America. Her ancestors in both the Blodgett and Burnham lines took active part in the Revolutionary war. Mr. and Mrs. Creer have become the parents of two children. Burnham Robert, who was educated in the public schools, the Central high school, the Spencerian Business College and Baldwin University, is now with the Nickel Plate Railroad Company. He married Margaret Phillips. William Rhea, a graduate of the East high school and of the Case School of Applied Science of the class of 1908, is now a civil engineer with the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company. He married Ethel Marie Miller. Mr. and Mrs, William R. Creer reside at No. 7102 Linwood avenue. The history of Mr. Creer is that of a man who finds genuine delight in business, not only because of what he can attain in a financial way but also for the genuine pleasure which he derives in the solution of an intricate or involved business problem. Close application and energy, however, are bringing him sub- stantial success, making him well known as a representative of financial circles in this city. LOUIS SEELBACH. Louis Seelbach, who was well known to the leading German-American citizens of Cleveland, was a native of this city, where his father, Charles Seelbach, settled on coming from Germany to the new world about 1848. Here the father engaged in coopering, which trade he had learned in the old country. He continued a resident of Cleveland throughout his remaining days and was greatly esteemed by all who knew him. Louis Seelbach acquired his education in the Cleveland schools and when a young man began learning the confectioner's trade but did not find that pursuit congenial and afterwards tried several other lines of business before he entered into connection with brewing interests. At length he accepted the position of collector with the Leisey .Brewing Company and worked his way upward with that concern until he was regarded as a most indispensable factor in the successful management of their interests, serving in different responsible capacities until his death. Mr. Seelbach was married in Cleveland, February 22, 1887, to Miss Katy Schmidt, a daughter of Paul Schmidt, who came to this city from Germany in 1848. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 669 Here he engaged in business as a wholesale wine merchant. He bought a tract of land on Noble road and set out a vineyard there and in this beautiful home, standing on a fine bluff overlooking the city, his daughter, Mrs. Seelbach, still resides. His wife bore the maiden name of Elizabeth Goetz. Mr. Schmidt was a very active and enterprising man, whose capable direction of his business affairs won him substantial success. He died October 5, 1903, and the community mourned the loss of one of its representative German-American citizens. In his family were five children, of whom four are yet living : Herman Schmidt, Mrs. F. B. Switzer, Mrs. F. P. Mueller and Mrs. Seelbach. The mother passed away in March, 1902. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Seelbach were born four children : Walter, Elinor, Kurt and Katherine, all yet at home. Mr. Seelbach was a very public-spirited man and his interest in matters of general improvement was manifested in many tangible ways. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, the Knights of Pythias and the Elks and enjoyed the highest esteem, friendship and good will of his brethren of those fraternities. Moreover he was in sympathy with their benevolent purposes, for he was a charitable man with a heart that responded readily to any tale of sorrow and distress, while his hand was quick to relieve all want. Socially he was connected with the Locust Point Shooting Club and with several German societies, while politically his allegiance was given to the democracy. He died October 5, 1904, and those to whom he was joined by the warm ties of friendship and kindly regard sincerely and deeply mourned his loss. VACLAV SNAJDR. Vaclav Snajdr, who has acted as president of the Pilsener Brewing Company of Cleveland since 1903, is also the proprietor of the Dennice Novoveku or Morning Star, a weekly newspaper published at No. 4130 Broadway, which he established in October, 1877. His birth occurred in the northeastern part of Bohemia on the 25th of September, 1847, his parents being John and Appolonia Snajdr. The father, who was born in Bohemia on the 24th of June, 1817, was actively identified with business interests as a shoe manufacturer until the time of his retirement in 1880. He passed away in the year 1883. Vaclav Snajdr obtained his education in the land of his nativity and when fourteen years of age left the high school to enter college at Neuhaus, Bohemia, where he continued his studies until sixteen years of age. Subsequently he spent nearly five years in Prague, Bohemia, and then went to Berlin, Germany, as editor of the Blanik, a Bohemian paper published by J. V. Fric, who also published a French and German paper. After remaining in Berlin for a year Mr. Snajdr was sent to America by Mr. Fric to collect some money for his newspapers, and on landing in this country the former made his way from New York to Racine, Wisconsin, accomplishing his mission in a very short time. He did not return to Germany, however, but remained in Racine for three years, there becoming the editor of a Bohemian paper called Slavie, one of the oldest of its kind in America. Afterward he took up his abode in Omaha, Nebraska, where for one year he edited a Bohemian paper called the Pokrok Zapadu, or Progress of the West, which was owned by Edward Rosewater. His next removal brought him to Cleveland, Ohio, and here he was employed on the staff of a Bohemian paper called The Progress, acting in an editorial capacity for a period of three years. In October, 1877, he established the Dennice Novoveku, opening a newspaper office at the corner of Croton avenue and Thirty-fourth street, where he published the paper for six months. At the end of that time he removed to Champlain avenue, where he remained for ten years and then came to his present location at No. 4530 Broadway. The paper has a large subscription list as well as extensive advertising patronage and Mr. Snajdr has been a prominent representa- 670 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND tive of journalistic interests in this city for almost a third of a century. He is also a well known and influential factor in business circles, having since 1903 acted as the president of the Pilsener Brewing Company. In December, 1873, in Cleveland, Mr. Snajdr was united in marriage to Miss Cilie Korizek, of Racine, Wisconsin. Her father, Frank Korizek, was the founder of the Slavie, the first Bohemian paper published in the United States. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Snajdr have been born six children : Slavie, who is at home and has displayed considerable talent in painting; Mila, who is also still under the parental roof ; Robert G., twenty-one years of age, who is attending the University of Michigan; Cilie, a young lady likewise at home and greatly interested in music; Lada, who is fourteen years old and is a pupil in the Technical high school; and Charles, a lad of ten, who attends the public schools. The family residence is at No. 7505 Lawnview avenue. In his political views Mr. Snajdr is a stalwart advocate of the democracy and has capably served as a member of the school board. He has been president of the Grand lodge Cesko Slovenske Podpurne Spolky and also belongs to the Knights of Pythias, the Ancient Order of Foresters, the Sanctuary Zaboj and the Bohemian Turners, being a charter member of the last named. His well spent life, characterized by all that is honorable in business and straightforward in his relations with his fellowmen, has brought him the uniform respect of all with whom he has come in contact. WILLIAM J. TOWNSEND. William J. Townsend, secretary and treasurer of the Robinson Manufacturing Company, is one of the native sons of Cleveland, who more than a half century ago first opened his eyes to the light of day here. His birth occurred March 29, 1857, and his parents were D. J. and Mary (Mason) Townsend. His father was of English birth and was brought to the United States when four years of age by his father, John Townsend, who made his way into the interior of the country and secured a farm of a hundred acres bordering what is now Union street in Cleveland. From pioneer times, therefore, the family has been closely associated with the development and progress of the city. During its pioneer epoch the grandfather and father took an active part in promoting the material welfare of Cleveland as progressive civilization converted the once wild western wilderness into a rich and populous district. D. J. Townsend was here reared and after arriving at years of maturity wedded Mary Mason, who was born on Ninth street in Cleveland, about where the Gillsy Hotel now stands. Her father was a carpenter and contractor and his handiwork was seen in most of the old churches of Cleveland. W. J. Townsend pursued his early education in the public schools and afterward attended the Spencerian Business College. His education completed, at the age of twenty years he secured employment in the Union Iron Works, where he remained for three years. Subsequently he entered the Union Rolling Mills, where he has been employed for the past twenty-eight years. He is recognized as one of its most trusted employes. He is a director in the Provident Building & Loan Company and is also interested as a stockholder in several manufacturing concerns. On the 5th of November, 1885, Mr. Townsend was married to Miss Jeanie Dean, a daughter of Edward L. Dean, a carriage manufacturer and a son of David Dean, a pioneer carriage maker of Cleveland. They have two children : Olive, nineteen years of age, who is a graduate of the Glenville high school; and Helen, sixteen years of age, who is attending the Glenville high school. Fraternally Mr. Townsend is a Mason, prominent in the order. He has served as high priest of Baker Chapter, No. 139, R. A. M., has attained the thirty-second HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 671 degree of the Scottish Rite, the Knight Templar degree of the York Rite and is a member of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to the Cleveland Whist Club and the Cleveland Athletic Club-associations which indicate much of the nature of his interests. He is fond of outdoor sports and his interests of that character undoubtedly constitute the source of the physical strength which must always constitute the basis of success in business. His political allegiance is given to the republican party and, strong in his advocacy thereof, he nevertheless does not seek office as a reward for party fealty. His time and energies have always been given to his business affairs in a manner that has brought substantial results, and those •whom he has met in business circles as well as in social life entertain for him high regard and respect. R. MAYNARD MURRAY. R. Maynard Murray, of the Murray Auction & Storage Company, is a son of Robert and Sophronia (Parmelee) Murray, of Mentor, Lake county, Ohio, and was born on the 28th of November, 1841. His father was a successful drover and stock-raiser, while spending his youthful days under the parental roof R. Maynard Murray attended the public school of Mentor and later he was afforded the opportunity of continuing his education in Willoughby University and Oberlin College. He then matriculated in the Cleveland Law School, from which he was graduated with the class of 1860, and after his admission to the bar in the same year he practiced in the office of Ranney, Backus & Noble. In 1864 he put aside all business and personal considerations in order to respond to his country's call, enlisting as a member of Company D, One Hundred and Fiftieth Regiment of United States Volunteers. He continued with that command until just before the close of the war, when he was mustered out. Following the close of the war Mr. Murray became connected with the First National Bank, of Painesville, Ohio, where he remained for ten years, acting for eight years of that time as cashier. Later he was for five years connected with manufacturing interests at Piqua, Ohio, and was president of the board of education there for ten years, or until 189o. He took an active part m the general interests of the community and wielded considerable influence in molding public thought and opinion. In 1890 he was elected to congress from the third Ohio district on the democratic ticket, serving for one term, at the end of which time the state was gerrymandered and he did not again become a candidate until four years later when he was unanimously nominated for reelection but was defeated, the district being largely republican. While serving in the legislative halls of the nation he acted as a member of the military and pension committees. Following his return from Washington he became financial agent for The F. Gray Company of Piqua, Ohio, whom he thus represented for six years. His various business experiences made him well known in the financial circles of this city and in 1895 he came to Cleveland as cashier of the Marine Bank, with which he was associated until it discontinued business. Mr. Murray then organized his present storage business, conducted under the name of the Murray Auction & Storage Company. His storage house and contents were destroyed by fire July 22, 1909. In 1867 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Murray to Miss Alice G. Gray, a daughter of H. C. Gray, who was the editor of the Painesville Telegraph for thirty years and the last survivor of the Ohio constitutional convention. He died in June, 1906. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Murray have been born two sons and two daughters : J. M. and Kate M., living; and Paul G. and Helen A., deceased. The parents are of the Episcopal faith and are prominent socially in the city, having made many friends during the fifteen years of their residence here. Murray continued to give his political allegiance to the democracy until 189o, when a change in his political views led him to give his support to the republican 672 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND party, with which he has since voted. This was characteristic of the man, for his position has never been an equivocal one as he has always been honest and fearless in support of his convictions. He has had not a little to do with molding the material development and political history of the localities in which he has resided, and his efforts have been by no means actuated alone by a desire for his own promotion, for his labors have constituted forceful factors in the public welfare. JOHN J. O'DONNELL. John J. O'Donnell, one of the representative men of this city, and one who has been identified with some of the large interests here, is now occupied in supermtending his real-estate holdings, which are considerable. He was born in Newburg, Ohio, June 17, 1861, and after receiving a common-school education he began to earn his own living, when only twelve years of age, as a water boy in the Newburg rolling mills, now the Cleveland Rolling Mills. After years of strenuous and continued effort he rose until he became superintendent of the rod mills. From 1872, when he entered the employ of the old company, until 1903 he was almost continuously connected with this concern. In 1899 the old company was taken over by the American Steel & Wire Company, and the last mentioned in turn by the United States Steel Corporation. Mr. O'Donnell was one of the few practical iron men who were able to make the present method of producing steel rods and bars a success. Because of this, the Cleveland Rolling Mills Company put him in complete charge of their rod mills in Newburg. In 1902 Mr. O'Donnell, John Moss, of Massachusetts, and I. C. Norton, of Chicago, were appointed a committee of three by the United States Steel Corporation to make inspection of all their rod mills. The committee did its work faithfully and made complete reports thereon. In 1903 Mr. O'Donnell severed his connection with the steel trust on account of his health, and in order to he more in the open air he began handling real estate with H. H. Nelson, the two building up a considerable business. However, his personal interests became so large that he withdrew, and is now fully occupied in looking after his private concerns, among which is the perfection of a steel railroad tie. In 1885 Mr. O'Donnell was married in Cleveland to Catherine McDonough of this city, and they reside in a beautiful home on the Lake Shore boulevard, which Mr. O'Donnell erected in 1907. They are members of St. Aloysius Catholic church and Mr. O'Donnell belongs to Gilmore Council, K. C. In his busy life he has illustrated what can be effected by concentration and ambition. Having a definite goal ahead of him, from the time he was a mere lad of twelve Mr. O'Donnell has continually pushed forward, ever learning something new and making practical application of it until as a result, he is now numbered among the substantial men of this great city. LOUIS J. CAMERON. Louis J. Cameron, the efficient and popular cashier of the Central National Bank of Cleveland, was born in Millersburg, Holmes county, Ohio, on the 26th of July, 1866. His father, Robert M. Cameron, was formerly actively and successfully identified with mercantile interests as a dry goods merchant but is now living retired at Millersburg. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Rachel R. Mayers, is a daughter of Louis Mayers, a merchant of Millersburg, who for a number of years was president of the Exchange Bank at that place. Louis J. Cameron supplemented his preliminary education, obtained in the public schools of his native town, by a course at Bethany College, of Bethany, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 675 West Virginia, being graduated from that institution in 1889. Starting out in life on his own account, he gained his first banking experience as an employe of the Exchange Bank at Millersburg, while subsequently he became connected with the First National Bank at Niles, Ohio. On leaving that institution in 1890 he accepted a position as bookkeeper with the Central National Bank of Cleveland, which had just opened its doors for business. His worth and ability were soon recognized and the following year he was made teller of the bank, while in January, 1900, he became assistant cashier and in January, 1909, was promoted to the position of cashier. He is likewise the secretary, treasurer and director of the Euclid Improvement Company; a director in the Ohio Steamship Company ; and secretary and director of the Coe Manufacturing Company of Painesville, Ohio. Mr. Cameron is a valued member of the Union, University, Hermit, Cleveland Athletic and Gentlemen's Driving Clubs and also belongs to the Beta Theta Phi, a college fraternity. Of social, genial nature, he is a man appreciative of the amenities which go to make up the sum of human happiness and at all times he is a genial, courteous, honorable gentleman, much esteemed by those who know him. HYLAS S. JANES. Hylas S. Janes, now living retired from the active duties of life, belongs to one of the old families of Cleveland and was born here in 1856. He is a son of Lorenzo Janes, who was born near Columbus, Ohio, in 1822, but was brought to Cleveland in 1825 by his parents. He was here reared and engaged in farming and gardening at what is now Eighty-third street and Euclid avenue. In 1855 he married Abigail Nichols, a native of Vermont, but then residing in Cleveland. Four children were born to Lorenzo Janes and wife, namely : Hylas ; Andrew O., who died in 1893; Milton M., who died m 1907 ; and Alice, who died in infancy. In 1901 the father passed away, his wife having died in 1898, and both are buried in Lake View cemetery. Hylas S. Janes attended the common schools and the East high school, being graduated with the class of 1875. He then studied dentistry and followed that profession for a short time. On the 28th of February, 1896, Mr. Janes married Lula Van Valkenburgh, daughter of Dr. Van Valkenburgh. Four children have been born of this union, one son and three daughters. They are as follows: Andrew L., born July 6, 1898; Mary A., born November 8, 1899 ; Elsie J., born June 3, 1g01 ; and Gladys, born July 27, 1903. Mr. and Mrs. Janes are consistent members of Unity church, at the corner of Euclid avenue and Eighty- second street. They are numbered among the substantial, solid people of Cleveland. Coming of excellent stock on both sides they are connected with many of the old established people here and have many friends throughout the city and country where their lives have been spent. Mr. Janes is proud of his city and interests in its advancement, and, having retired from business, is able to devote much of his attention to thoughts of civic reform and development. JACK C. ANDERSON. Jack C. Anderson, whose ability as a man of business is evidenced through the fact of his being secretary and treasurer of the Paragon Insulating Company, one of the flourishing manufacturing concerns of Cleveland, was born in this city, December 18, 1879. His parents were Samuel N. and Mary C. Anderson. The former was superintendent of the Teachout Boiler Works until the time of his death, which occurred December 29, 1896, when he was forty-eight years of 676 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND age. His wife had preceded him to the grave for she had passed away August 2, 1895. Jack C. Anderson qualified for the responsibilities of life in the public schools of Cleveland, entering the Central high school after he had completed the course of the grammar grades. Upon laying aside his text-books he obtained a position as clerk in a grocery store in Adrian, Michigan, holding it for a year. The next twelve months he spent in travel through the west and upon his return to Cleveland, became connected with the H. E. Teachout Boiler Works. He remained in the employ of that concern until June 5, 1899, when he joined his interests with those of the Paragon Insulating Company, with which he is still associated. This enterprise has grown rapidly during the course of years, creating a wide field of operations and for the distribution of the product-a weather-proof protection for wire and cables. The firm is established upon sound business principles, is guided by men who are good managers as well as progressive, and its stability and flourishing condition are in no small degree the result of the ability displayed by its secretary, who has an office at 612 Century Building. He is also connected, as manager, with the Sabin Machine Company, located at 5714 Euclid avenue. Mr. Anderson, since he has been of an age to exercise the right of franchise, has invariably cast his ballot for the candidates of the republican party. He has not actively participated in municipal affairs, but his influence and the record of his life have contributed to the high standard of the citizenship of Cleveland. BURROUGHS FRANK BOWER. Burroughs Frank Bower, editor-manager of The Cleveland News, was born at Ann Arbor, Michigan, a son of Henry and Margaret Gertrude Bower. The father was a general merchant and dealer in lumber and incidentally for some years, the publisher of a weekly newspaper, which was edited by an elder son. In the common schools of Ann Arbor, B. F. Bower acquired his early education, but while still in his teens ill health seemed to demand a cessation of study and the young man spent two years in the then far west. Returning home with health restored, he pursued special courses in the University of Michigan. He was instructed in international law by President James B. Angell ; in English literature by Professor Moses Coit Tyler ; in history by Professor Adams ; in ethics and philosophy by Professor B. F. Crocker, and in constitutional law by Thomas M. Cooley. He was graduated from the law department with the LL. B. degree in 1878 and was admitted to the bar in the circuit court at Washtenaw county, Michigan, in the year of his graduation, but aside from two years in the law office of Judge Robert E. Frazer at Ann Arbor, during his undergraduate course, never practiced the profession nor attempted to do so, pursuing the study of law only as an aid to newspaper work. Mr. Bower acquired a taste for newspaper work while employed during the vacation periods on the weekly newspaper edited by his brother. Later while in college he edited for two years the Ann Arbor Courier. Immediately after his graduation, in connection with Colonel John L. Burleigh, he founded a weekly paper, The Democrat, at Ann Arbor and conducted it to a successful issue. He retained a proprietary interest in this paper for ten years, but meantime, for five years, he was connected with The Detroit Evening News, and afterward became dramatic and city editor of The Detroit Post and Tribune, so continuing for two years, subsequent to which time he devoted three years to the duties of managing editor of the same paper. He was next editor of The Detroit Journal and in 1890 came to Cleveland, where, with F. B. Squire as president and B. F. Bower as vice president and treasurer, was founded The Cleveland Daily World. This paper Mr. Bower managed until 1895, when The World was sold to Robert P. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 677 Porter. A month later Mr. Bower became general manager of The Cincinnati Tribune. Francis B. Loomis, afterward assistant secretary of state at Washington, was editor-in-chief of The Tribune, but soon thereafter resigned to enter the diplomatic service, being succeeded by Wade H. Ellis, afterward attorney general of Ohio and now assistant United States attorney general, who was managing editor ; R. J. Wynne, afterward postmaster general, was the Washington correspondent. The Tribune was consolidated with The Commercial in June, 1896, and in the late fall of that year Mr. Bower returned to Cleveland and acquired sole ownership of his old paper, The World, remaining its editor and publisher until the merger of 1904, when The World, The Evening News & Herald, and The Evening Plain Dealer were combined under the ownership of Charles A. Otis. Since then Mr. Bower has been vice president of the company and editor-manager of The Cleveland News. A Mason of high rank, Mr. Bower belongs to Kilwinning Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Detroit, which he joined in 1889, attaining in the same year the thirty- second degree of the Scottish Rite in the Michigan Sovereign Consistory, and also in that year crossing the sands of the desert with the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, In politics he is an independent republican. He is a member of Phi Delta Phi, the law fraternity now prominent at numerous universities, and while at the university in Ann Arbor was chosen to represent that society on the editorial board of The Paladium. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, his membership dating back to 1891. He attends the Second Presbyterian church in Cleveland, although not a member thereof. Mr. Bower was married in Detroit on the 3d of June, 1891, to Agnes Sinclair Patterson, the widow of Major John H. Riggs, United States Volunteers. WILLIAM FLOOD. William Flood, president and treasurer of the William Flood Company, contracting painters and dealers in paints and oils, is a man exceptionally fitted by experience and training for his position, as evidenced by the closeness with which he keeps in touch with all of its details. He was born in Cleveland, March 27, 1854, a son of James Flood, who in 1852 married Annie Aylord, a native of New York city, who came to Cleveland with her parents in 1849. Mr. and Mrs. Flood had five children as follows : William ; Mark, who died when seventeen years of age ; Frances, who married Frank D. Alexander ; Anna, who married her sister's widowed husband ; and Frank, a dairyman who lives in Cleveland. The first Mrs. Alexander died in 1903, leaving a son, Burt A., wtho is a builder and contractor, aged twenty-two. After attending the grammar schools of Cleveland, William Flood went into the paint house of Aylord & Bennett as an errand boy in 1868, and worked up through successive positions, becoming superintendent of the painting department. For thirteen years he remained with this firm, and then in 1881 bought the business and has continued it ever since, on the same site. Mr. Alexander, his brother-in-law, is his superintendent. During the forty-one years Mr. Flood has occupied his present location, he has executed contracts for some of the most prominent people and in the most important buildings of the city, including the Young Men's Christian Association building, Plymouth church, Pilgrim church, Calvary church, American Trust building, Country club and the Lake Shore depot of Toledo, aggregating over one million dollars worth of business. Mr. Flood employs from twenty-five to thirty skilled workmen and .takes great pride in the quality of his finished product. Mr. Flood married Nellie Dennison, daughter of J. W. Dennison, a member of the firm of Dennison Brothers, wholesale hide and leather dealers. Mr. and Mrs. Flood have a son and daughter. Mabel attended the common and high schools, 678 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND then married J. P. Witt, secretary and treasurer of the Lake Shore Electric Railroad Company, and they live in Cleveland. Earl D., eighteen years of age, is at present in his senior year in the technical high school. Mr. Flood is a member of the Builders Exchange and the Chamber of Commerce. Mrs. Flood and children belong to the Euclid avenue Methodist church. No one can honestly question Mr. Flood's good faith, his ideals are high, he is energetic and possesses a zest for doing things, and doing them well. JAMES MILTON JONES. James M. Jones, whose life record was a most creditable asset of Cleveland, was born in Hertfordshire, England, April 28, 1827, and when a lad of four summers was brought to the new world by his parents, who in the spring of 1831 bade adieu to friends and native country and sailed for the United States. They did not pause on the eastern coast but made their way at once to Cleveland, which was then a village of but a few hundred inhabitants and with little industrial or commercial prominence. When the boy had reached the designated age he was sent to the common schools, pursuing his studies in the Rockwell school and later continuing his education in the classical academy conducted by W. D. Beattie, A. M. After leaving school he engaged in business for a short time and subsequently secured a position in the postoffice under J. W. Gray. Other pursuits also claimed his attention and at times he devoted his leisure to the study of law. At length determining to devote his life to the practice of law he entered upon a regular course of reading which he completed under the direction of Charles Stetson and William Collins. In June, 1855, he successfully passed the examination required for admission to the bar and almost immediately entered upon a good practice. He soon demonstrated his ability to successfully handle the intricate problems of litigation and in the trial of cases with which he was connected during his early professional career he displayed careful powers of analysis and marked ability in indicating the relation between legal principles and the pomts at issue. His advancement in professional lines logically followed and in 1857 he was nominated for police judge, but was defeated by the late Judge I. C. Vale. In 1865 he became attorney for the Western Union Telegraph Company and two years later was elected county prosecuting attorney. In 1873 he received the nomination of both political parties as one of three to be elected judges of the supreme court of Cleveland, and by popular suffrage was placed upon the bench for a five-years' term. The court, however, ceased to exist in July, 1875, but in October of the same year a law went into effect providing for four additional judges for the common pleas court and Judge Tones was chosen one of the number, thus serving out the term of five years. In November, 188o, he resumed the private practice of law, but a year later, on the retirement of Judge Prentiss from the common pleas bench, he was again appointed to that position and served until 1887. On his retirement he again engaged in private practice and an important clientage was accorded him. His career was remarkably successful, chiefly by reason of his natural ability and his close application in preparing and presenting his cases. His mind was of a judicial cast, capable of an impartial view of both sides of a question and of arriving at a just conclusion. Whatever he did was for the best interests of his clients and for the honor of his profession. He achieved the highest distinction and he deserved it for in his practice he never sought to lead the court astray in a matter of fact or law. He sought by every honorable means to win his case, but he never forgot that there were certain things due to the court, to his own self respect, and above all to justice and a righteous administration of the law which neither the zeal of an advocate nor the pleasure of success would permit him to disregard. Aside from his practice he was known in financial circles as one of the directors of the Citizens Savings & Trust Company from its organization until his death. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 681 Judge Jones was married February 8, 1860, to Miss Ermina W. Barrows, daughter of Harmon and Lenora (Kellogg) Barrows, and they became parents of three daughters: Myrtle L., Jessie B., and Mrs. George N. Sherwin. Judge Jones belonged to the Union Club and to several other societies and the social qualities of his nature made him popular in all gatherings. He passed from this life July 11, 1904, at the age of seventy-seven years, and his name was then placed on Cleveland's honor roll. WILLIAM HAWKSLEY WEIR, M. D. Dr. William Hawksley Weir, well known in medical circles, has won for himself a substantial place in the profession, keeping in touch with the most modern lines of thought and methods of practice concerning his chosen life work. He was born in London, Canada, January 5, 1876, his parents being Oswald and Maude Amy (Hill) Weir. He spent his boyhood in Brantford, Ontario, where he attended the public schools and later entered Trinity University, where he won his M. D. degree in 1896. He was house surgeon for one year in the Toronto General Hospital and afterward pursued post-graduate work in the Johns Hopkins Hospital at Baltimore. In January, 1898, the Doctor came to Cleveland to accept the position of resident gynecologist at Lakeside Hospital and thus served until January, 1901. Later he went abroad for post-graduate work in Vienna and Prag in 1901 and 1902 and upon his return to the new world located in Cleveland, entering upon the private practice of medicine here, making gynecology his specialty. He was appointed instructor in gynecology to the Western Reserve University Medical College in 1899 and has so continued to the present time, while since 1902 he has been associate visiting gynecologist to Lakeside Hospital. He was assistant professor in physiology to the dental department of the Western Reserve University from 1903 until 1906, has been professor of physiology from 1906 to the present time in the same institution, and is also editor of the Cleveland Medical Journal, which work he took up in 1907. He belongs to the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the American Medical Association and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. Through these connections he keeps in touch with the most advanced thought of the profession, knows the experiments that are conducted, the results that are achieved and the truths which are gleaned from exhaustive scientific research and investigation. His professional labors have been attended with a gratifying measure of success. Dr. Weir was married in Halifax, England, October 6, 1906, to Miss Mar- jorie Roslyn Campbell, a daughter of the late James B. Campbell, formerly of Montreal, Canada. They have two sons, James Campbell, born June 9, 1908; and William Corsane, born October 9, 1909. The family residence is at 2072 East Forty-sixth street. WILLIAM BARRANCE. The life of William Barrance covered almost three-quarters of the nineteenth century. Diligent, industrial and persevering, he was enabled as the result of his activity to spend the last years of his life in quiet retirement and in the enjoyment of the fruits of his former toil. He was born at Chatteris, Cambridgeshire, England, July 8, 1822, and was a son of William and Annie (Smith) Barrance, of the same place. The father was a gardener and farmer there, continuing a resident of that locality until called to the home beyond. 682 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND At the usual age William Barrance began his education in the English schools, but when his father died he was forced to put aside his books and provide for his own support, which he did by working as a gardener and at farm labor. From time to time favorable reports reached him concerning the opportunities of the new world and in 1846, at the age of twenty-four, he crossed the Atlantic to the United States and made his way to Cleveland. He did not at once find employment in his chosen line of labor and, as it was necessary that he at once secure a position in order to provide for his own support, he sought and obtained work along the docks. About a year later, however, he entered the employ of Leonard Case, driving a team for a time, while afterward he became gardener and was promoted to head gardener, being thus associated with the Case estate for thirty years, or until the death of Mr. Case, when the property was divided into city lots and sold. Mr. Barrance then purchased a home on Payne avenue and for several years held a position with the City Railway Company. The last few years of his life, however, were spent in honorable retirement, for he had previously saved his earnings until his competence was sufficient to enable him to put aside business cares. On the 19th of September, 1853, Mr. Barrance was married to Miss Mary Townsend, a daughter of William and Elizabeth ( Judge) Townsend, who was a gardener and farmer of Potton, England. Mrs. Barrance came to this city from England, arriving on the 16th of June, 1853. She is now eighty-two years of age and not only survives her husband but also their only daughter, Elizabeth Emma Barrance, who died in her twenty-second year. She is a member of the Old Settlers Association, having for more than a half century lived in this city. In politics Mr. Barrance was a republican, and he held membership in North church on Superior and Case avenues. Honesty and industry were among his salient characteristics and he was a self-made man, well known and loved by all with whom he came in contact. His manner was genial, his courtesy unfailing and these, with his deference for the opinions of others, were qualities which won for him high regard. FRIEDRICH GREBER. Friedrich Greber is numbered among the men who, having spent busy days garnering the good things of this world, are now ready to leave their former activities to others, and enjoy what they have earned. Having the time and opportunity they are able to enter into civic improvements, and to give the best of themselves personally to their localities. One of the respected residents of this city is Friedrich Greber, now retired, who was born in Switzerland in 1845. He not only attended the schools of his own country, but also those in France that gave him a good working knowledge of the language. In 1870 when in the very prime of vigorous young manhood he came to Cleveland, from Baltimore, where he had landed and remained a few months after coming to America. His first work in this city was in a store on Superior street, owned by Nusbaum. Here he remained for a short time, and then engaged with A. H. Stone and with the McBeath Foundry Company, continuing with them for about two years. Having concluded that his abilities could be put to the best use if he worked for himself, this young man studied hard to learn the language of his new country, and master its business methods, until he was able to engage in the manufacture of patent medicines.. From the start he made a success of his undertaking and continued in this line for thirty-five years, traveling all over the United States, creating a demand for his products, which he sold as a jobber. Mr. Greber came to Cleveland and at a time when all east of Case avenue was a farming district. He built his house on Sixtieth street at a time when it was in HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 685 the country. He is very proud of the fact that he is a citizen who has materially assisted in the making of Cleveland. While not a native-born American, there is no one in the country who is more patriotic or who honors its institutions more than he. Mr. Greber has been married twice. In 1871 he wedded Dora Keller, and they had one child, Louisa, now the wife of Henry Birnbaum. Mrs. Greber died September 7, 1872. In 1873 Mr. Greber was married to Minna Weimer, a native of Germany, and they had one child, Louise, who married Frank Morgestern, proprietor of a meat market. Mrs. Greber died June 20, 1907. She was a woman of noble disposition and a devout member of Kimel church on Case avenue, to which Mr. Greber also belongs. Mr. Greber is a member of the Swiss Society of this city. Too much cannot be said in praise of these men of foreign birth who have come to this country, learned its language and customs and faithfully lived up to its laws. They have proven themselves citizens of whom any land may well be proud, and ever borne a full measure of responsibility for local improvements. W. N. BREWER. Although the Otis Lithographing Company has but recently entered the business world of Cleveland it has had a rapid growth, and holds the best Cleveland trade, this advancement, being in no small degree due to the ability, enterprise and progressive methods of W. N. Brewer, one of its organizers and now its treasurer and general manager. He was born in this city, May 8, 1860, and is a son of Nelson C. and Caroline C. Brewer, both of whom were killed in an automobile accident, which occurred July 27, 1907, at the corner of Clifton boulevard and One Hundred and Fifteenth street. The former was prominent in different phases of Cleveland's activities. He had come to the city in 1856, had opened a drug store here, and as he acquired a substantial success became connected with other business interests, including the founding of the Rubber Paint Company and the Saving & Trust Company, later merged into the Citizens Saving & Trust Company. At the time of his death he was a director of the Central National Bank and president of the Otis Lithographing Company. W. N. Brewer attended the public schools of Cleveland, and after completing the work of the West high school in 1878, he entered Williams College, Massachusetts. His first business experience thereafter was obtained as an employe of the Rubber Paint Company, of Cleveland, which was then under the supervision of his father. Later he formed the Zeno Manufacturing Company, which has gained countrywide notoriety, as the manufacturers of the Zeno Chewing Gum. In 1903, he organized the Otis Lithographing Company, which has also prospered to a remarkable degree, the quality of the work the firm is able to produce obtaining for it a wide recognition throughout the United States, and making it possible for them to control the most desirable business in their line. Their financial success is also assured through the sound business policies which have ever been characteristic of the company. Since adding theatrical posters to their business about two years ago, the growth has been phenomenal, and they now maintain offices at 1402 Broadway, New York, where they have a studio with a good corps of artists ; at 1008 Empire building, Pittsburg; and 1147 Marquette building, Chicago. The policy of the management has always been quality and to this they attribute their success. In 1884, at the beginning of his business career, Mr. Brewer was united in marriage to Miss Lulu A. Sherwood, of Cleveland. They have four children : Wilbert Sherwood, who is now sixteen years of age ; Caroline M., who is thirteen ; Evalyn, who is eleven ; and Elizabeth, who is four years old. 686 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Mr. Brewer is deeply interested in the commercial welfare of the city and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, an organization which has as its object the advancement and the growth of the city's mercantile concerns. Also as president and treasurer of the Brewer Realty Company, one of the large firms here, he is identified with another phase of the city's activities. He took a prominent part in the development and improvement of Lakewood, in opening up residential streets and laying out town lots, and he alone built twenty modern houses on Elburn avenue. He is a charter member of the Clifton Club at Rocky River, and through the attractive personality which is his has attained to a distinct popularity among his fellow members. Like his father he is a man of energy, full of life and vitality, and one who is a hard worker. FRANK M. COBB. Frank M. Cobb was born in Cleveland, June 21, 1874, and received his early education in the public schools of this city. He prepared for college at Oberlin Academy, and was graduated at Yale with the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1897, and at Western Reserve University Law School with the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1899. In June, 1899, he was admitted to the Ohio bar and for about a year thereafter practiced in the office of Dickey, Brewer & McGowan. In 1900 he formed a partnership with W. R. Hopkins and R. B. Newcomb, and later with Ben P. Bole under the firm name of Hopkins, Bole, Cobb & Newcomb, but on January 1, 1907, this partnership was dissolved. Mr. Cobb is a contributor to the Harvard Law Review and a member of the faculty of the Law School of Western Reserve University. Socially he is a member of the University Club, Nisi Prius Club, the Cleveland and Ohio Bar Association, and of the Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. On June 3, 1908, he married Mildred E. Ford, a daughter of H. Clark and Ida T. Ford. Mrs. Cobb is a graduate of Smith College, class of 1901, and is active in various lines of charitable work and in particular the Day Nursery and Free Kindergarten Association and the Visiting Nurse Association. Frank M. Cobb is a son of Caius C. Cobb, who died July 1I, 1898, and Helen M. (Andrews) Cobb, a resident of this city. Caius C. Cobb was born January 16, 1826, at Cambridge, New York, and in 1840 entered the employ of his brother, Moses C. Younglove, one of the pioneer booksellers of Cleveland. Later he became a member of the firm of J. B. Cobb & Company, and afterward of Cobb, Andrews & Company, the well known bookdealers of this city. HERMAN P. KNOBLE. Every branch of commercial activity has its full representation in Cleveland for the city is one of the industrial centers of the country. Among the men who are successfully engaged in business here is Herman P. Knoble, a member of the firm of Knoble Brothers, florists. Mr. Knoble was born in Germany, November 9, 1880, but when six years old was brought to the United States. He is a son of, Daniel and Rosa (Laib) Knoble, the former of whom was born in Germany, April 13, 1847, and died there January 1o, 1884. For some years he manufactured umbrellas, and then, buying one of the first threshing machines ever made, he operated it until his death. His widow was born August 8, 1856, in Germany, but, surviving, lives in Cleveland. Mrs. Knoble brought her young family to this country after the death of her husband, locating at Monroeville, Ohio, and then moved into the country on a farm. Herman P. Knoble was reared in the family home and was educated HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 687 at Huron. Upon leaving school the lad tried to increase his knowledge by continuing his studies in correspondence courses, with a Chicago concern. At the same time he worked for a Huron physician, continuing with him for six years. On August 1, 1899, he came to Cleveland and began working for the McIntosh Hardware Company, remaining in that connection for five years. In 1905 he bought out the Ohio Floral Company and established his present business, thus being able to engage in work that had always interested him. This house makes a specialty of cut flowers, funeral work and decorations. Owing to the artistic nature of their work, the partners have built up a, large business and have customers in all parts of the city who depend upon them for all floral supplies. Mr. Knoble belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Industry. His social connections are with the Elks and Royal Arcanum. On June 28, 1906, Mr. Knoble married Lydia Spang, who was born in Germany, but was brought to the United States in childhood, her family settling in Cleveland soon after their arrival in America. A little daughter, Lucile, was born to Mr. and Mrs. Knoble on March 25, 1907. Mr. Knoble is a republican, but is liberal in local affairs, desiring good men in office more than a strict drawing of party lines. His religious affiliations are with St. Mary's Catholic church. Like so many of his nationality, Mr. Knoble seems born to be a florist, understanding the handling and arranging of flowers as though he had never devoted himself to any other business. For this reason and because he loves his work, he has been very successful and his house has developed an amazingly large trade. EDWARD BUSHNELL. Edward Bushnell, engaged in the general practice of law, was born in Fremont, Ohio, May 18, 1865. The Bushnell family is of English lineage and was founded in the United States by Richard Bushnell and his brother, who are said to have come on the ship Increase from England in 1621, this being the first ship that reached New England after the arrival of the Mayflower. The grandfather, Thomas Hubbard Bushnell, was born at Norwich, Connecticut, and devoted his life to surveying. Ebenezer Bushnell, the father, was born in Granville, Ohio, November 18, 1822. A previous removal of the family to this state made them pioneer settlers of Ohio and from that time to the present the family has figured prominently in connection with all that stands for progressive citizenship and the upbuilding of the commonwealth. The Rev. Ebenezer Bushnell became a minister of the Presbyterian church. He was graduated from the Western Reserve University with the Bachelor of Arts degree and received the Doctor of Divinity degree from Marietta College. For a quarter of a century he was pastor of the First Presbyterian church at Fremont, Ohio, and remained active in the work of the ministry until 1882, when he became secretary and treasurer of the Western Reserve University. He was a man of marked influence in church circles, his activity proving a resourceful element in the moral progress of the communities in which he lived, while his scholarly attainments placed him in a leading position as a representative of the Presbyterian church. His death occurred in Cleveland March 9, 1900, and his memory is revered by all who knew him and remains as a blessed benediction to those who at any time came under his teachings. His wife, Cornelia Kingsbury Woodruff, was born at Bainbridge, Michigan, in October, 1828, and died in Cleveland,' June 9, 1900. She was a daughter of Simeon Woodruff. Edward Bushnell acquired his education in the public and high schools of Fremont, Ohio, preparing for college under the direction of his father and sister, after which he entered Adelbert College, which conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1887 and the Master of Arts degree in 1889. Upon the broad basis of a liberal literary education he has builded the superstructure 688 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of his professional knowledge. After teaching for two years in the academy at Green Spring, Ohio, he studied law in the office and under the direction of the firm of Sherwood & Denison, well known attorneys of Cleveland, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1890, after which he began practice in this city, remaining alone until 1896, when he joined J. H. Sampliner in organizing the firm of Sampliner & Bushnell. During 1900 and 1901 he was with W. G. Cleveland in the firm of Cleveland & Bushnell and with the exception of these partnership relations has been continuously alone in general practice, his time being most largely given to real-estate law and probate law, in which he has done excellent work, so that his clientage is constantly increasing both in volume and importance. He has also done educational work in professional lines, acting in 1902 as instructor in the law school of Baldwin University on the subject of torts. On the loth of April, 1892, Mr. Bushnell was united in marriage to Miss Maude Kidder Sherwin, a daughter of Nelson B. Sherwin, who was postmaster of Cleveland under President Garfield, and for many years has engaged in the insurance business. The mother is Mrs. Lizzie M. (Kidder) Sherwin of Cleveland. Two children have been born unto Mr. and Mrs. Bushnell : Elisabeth Sherwin, who was born May 2, 1894, and died May 23, 1907; and Nelson Sherwin, born May 10, 1899. In politics Mr. Bushnell is a republican in the exercise of his franchise but is not active in party work. He belongs to the Union, University, Country, Cleveland Whist, East End Tennis and Nisi Prius Clubs, associations which indicate his social nature and the character of his recreations. He is a member of the Calvary Presbyterian church and in all of his life has been actuated by high ideals, whether in matters of citizenship, in professional connections or in private life. JAMES AITCHISON. James Aitchison, who for a long period was engaged in the real-estate business and in the development of property interests in Cleveland, was born in Dunslaw, Scotland, July 28, 1846. After acquiring a public-school education he went to Canada at the age of twenty-one years and there entered business circles as a traveling salesman for a jewelry firm which he represented for a few years. It was during his residence there that he was married and subsequently he removed to Chicago, while later he became a resident of De Kalb, Illinois. He afterward established his home in Michigan, where he was connected with river navigation. From that point he returned to Canada, but remained in the Dominion for only a brief period, when he made his way to Cleveland and was identified with the interests of this city throughout his remaining days. He made his initial step in business circles here as an engineer and afterward was employed in putting machinery in an elevator and in other work of that character. He also conducted a machine shop, but twenty' years prior to his death he turned his attention to the real-estate business and handled much property, negotiating many realty transfers. He also had much to do with developing different pieces of property and tracts of land and became known as a speculative builder as well as a most successful and enterprising real-estate dealer. He contributed largely to the improvement of the city through the erection of a large number of buildings, the last of which was the Aitchison, a fine apartment building at Forty-eighth street and Franklin avenue. His enterprise carried him into large undertakings but at all times his course was guided by sound and discriminating judgment, so that he made no mistake in placing his investments, in giving his confidence or in conducting business transactions. On the 28th of March, 1868, in Canada, Mr. Aitchison was united in marriage to Miss Lucy Foster, of London, Ontario, and they became the parents of eight children, of whom six are yet living, namely : Mrs. Susanna Doty, George, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 691 Thomas, Magdaline, Gertrude and James. The husband and father was called from this life on the 14th of February, 1909. He was a man of domestic tastes, devoted to the welfare and happiness of his family, regarding no personal effort or sacrifice on his part too great if it would promote the interests or pleasures of his wife and children. His loss, therefore, was most deeply felt at his own fireside but his death was also a keen blow to other interests with which he was connected. He was for many years an active member in the Bethany Presbyterian church, which he assisted in building and to which he generously contributed as the years went by. A short time before his death, however, he joined the Congregational church, which was near his home, for his health would not permit him to go as far as the church with which he had been so long connected. He was a republican in politics and a most honorable, upright and public-spirited man, who never willingly over-reached another in a business transaction or neglected a duty or obligation. He was ever loyal to the course which he believed to be right and his memory is therefore cherished and honored by all who knew him while he was still an active factor in the world's work. JOHN H. GERSTENBERGER. John H. Gerstenberger was a self-made man whose progress in the business world was the direct result of his earnest purpose and close application. He was born in Medina, Ohio, May 3, 1858, and died October 27, 1903. His parents were John H. and Elenore (Borges) Gerstenberger. The grandfather, Gottlieb Gerstenberger, came from Germany and took up his abode in Cleveland, where he carried on business as a cabinetmaker and carpenter. His son, John H. Gerstenberger, was a shoemaker by trade and followed that pursuit until after the outbreak of the Civil war, when on the 16th of November, 1861, he joined Company H, of the Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, for three years' service. He was promoted to the rank of sergeant January to, 1862, and in February of that year reported to General Sherman at Paducah, Kentucky, participating in the Shiloh campaign and in the siege of Corinth. Becoming ill, he went to the hospital in Memphis, Tennessee, where he died July 2, 1863, his remains being there interred. He this laid down his life on the altar of the Union. John H. Gerstenberger was only five years of age at the time of his father's death. He attended the German Lutheran school of Cleveland, mastering the elementary branches of English learning. He was brought to this city by his mother in 1863, soon after the death of the father, and here he pursued his studies to the age of thirteen years, when he left school, as it seemed necessary that he provide for his own support. At that time he secured employment in a grocery store owned by Mr. Broker, with whom he remained for eight years, a fact indicative of his faithfulness in the business. He also served for two years for Mr. Hattendorf and on the 5th of February, 1880, with a capital which he had acquired through his own earnings, he entered the grocery business for himself on Broadway and there continued until 1886, when he built at 2909 East Thirty-fourth street, where he continued until his death in 1903. He was thus for twenty-three years a grocer of Cleveland and conducted a large, profitable and growing business. Following his demise his brother-in-law' took charge of the business and has since conducted it. On the 4th of February, 1880, Mr. Gerstenberger was married to Miss Clara E. Schake, a daughter of Henry and Mary (Happensack) Schake, who came from Hanover, Germany, to Cleveland in the early '40s. Her father was a carpenter and was thus identified with early building operations in this city. The children of Mr. and Mrs. Gerstenberger were: Dr. Henry J. Gerstenberger; Karl W.; Ernst 0.; Mrs. Metta E. Wilkening; Clara L.; Ruth ; Erick E., 692 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND deceased; Edna M.; Paul J.; Esther, who has also passed away ; Marie H.; and Hugo S. Mr. Gerstenberger gave his political support to the republican party but the honors and emoluments of office had no attraction for him. He was a self-made man, who from early boyhood was dependent upon his own resources and gained his success by reason of his close application, intelligent appreciation of opportunities and honorable methods. He was a leading member in the German Lutheran church, in which he served as trustee, and his Christian spirit was manifest in his kind heartedness, his generous appreciation of the good in others and his helpfulness to all who needed an encouraging word or substantial assistance. GEORGE WASHINGTON STURTEVANT. George Washington Sturtevant, who became a resident of Cleveland in 1853 and made the Forest city his home until his death in 1889, was throughout that period identified with the iron industry, which has been one of the most important sources of the city's wealth and industrial progress. He was a native of New England, born in Bennington, Vermont, and on his removal to Ohio lived for a short time in Painesville, whence he came to Cleveland in 1853. He was a millwright by trade but after arriving in this city branched out in other fields of labor, becoming associated with the Britton Iron & Steel Company in an official capacity. This company manufactured structural iron and Mr. Sturtevant had charge of the same. Thoroughness and accuracy characterized all of his work and his spirit of enterprise and determination constituted important elements in the upbuilding of this industry. The only interruption to Mr. Sturtevant's continuous connection with business interests in Cleveland came at the time of the Civil war. He was a stanch advocate of the Union cause and was sent by the government to take charge of the railroad shops at Chattanooga, Tennessee, where, though only in a civil capacity, he did important work in behalf of Federal interests. Mr. Sturtevant was married in New York to Miss Lois A. Knapp, a daughter of Moses Leon and Aurelia (Finns) Knapp, and they have two living children : Mrs. Thomas E. Adams ; and George D., of Kansas City. The husband and father was called to his final rest in 1889, passing away at the age of sixty-nine years. He had been a very active man, possessing the spirit of thrift and enterprise characteristic of the New England people. His success was attributable entirely to his own efforts, and in every relation in life he was regarded as a most honorable and upright man, worthy the unqualified respect which was everywhere tendered him. He was especially devoted to his family and domestic in his tastes, finding his greatest happiness at his own fireside, Business and home interests, however, did not exclude his active participation in affairs relative to general improvement and progress, for his labors and influence could always be counted upon to further measures of vital moment in municipal interests. In politics he was a republican and for many years he was a member of the Congregational church. MELIUS C. COLLART. For more than a score of years Melius C. Collart has been identified with a phase of Cleveland's mercantile activity and is now a member of the well known tailoring firm of Collart & Harmecek. He was born in Norway, March 13, 1863, and is a son of Christian and Oleana Collart. The father followed farming during his active life. Melius C. Collart attended the public schools of his native HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 693 land, but he was only ten years of age when he crossed the Atlantic, in the hope of finding larger opportunities in the United States. He landed at Brooklyn, New York, where he availed himself slightly of the educational privileges offered by the common schools and where he learned the tailor's trade. In 1885 Mr. Collart came to Cleveland, upon his arrival here accepting a position as cutter with the Henry Koeble Company, who are engaged in the tailoring business in this city. He remained with that firm for more than twenty years, rendering them so valuable service that in 1903, in recognition of his ability he was taken into partnership. In 1908, in conjunction with Mr. Harmecek, he established the tailoring firm of Collart & Harmecek, which is rapidly winning a well deserved trade throughout Cleveland, for Mr. Collart and his partner make every effort to satisfy and to please their customers. In Cleveland, on the 26th of June, 1889, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Collart and Miss Ora G. Ingraham, a daughter of F. S. Ingraham, of this city. In their family are three children : Norman, Harold and Katherine, who are all attending school. Mr. Collart is a member of the First Congregational church and is loyal to its teachings, while fraternally he is connected with Halcyon Lodge, A. F. & A. M., of Cleveland. Having come to this country when only a small boy with almost nothing to aid him in his career in the new world but his capacity and will to work, the generous income which is now his is the result of his own efforts. But even more gratifying than this is the knowledge that he has established a flourishing business, one that is worthy of the confidence of the people, for he has made an excellent record as a citizen and business man and his success is well merited. He is a worthy example of that large body of self-made men of whom the nation as a whole is proud. PHILIP KIRSCHNER. Owing to the constant growth of Cleveland this city has afforded many opportunities for the contractors and builders, and foresighted men, realizing this, have come here and been rewarded by an immense volume of business. Among those thus prospering is Philip Kirschner, of the contracting firm of Philip Kirschner & Company, with offices in the Cuyahoga building. Mr. Kirschner was born at Cracow, Austria, in May, 186o, being a son of Joseph Kirschner, who was also a native of Austria, and a contractor there before coming to the United States in 1888. His death occurred two years later, when he was sixty-five years of age. In his day he was a very successful and prominent man. Philip Kirschner was educated in the common schools of his native city, later studying civil engineering and architecture at Vienna.- When only twenty-four years of age he went to South America as resident engineer for the Trans-Belgium Railroad Company, then building a road in Venezuela. In 1890 he came to the United States to accept a position as engineer for some extensive coal operators at Bramville, West Virginia, where for nine years he had charge of the development of a large acreage of West Virginia coal fields. In 1899 Mr. Kirschner came to Cleveland to engage in a general contracting business. His company is one of the largest in this city and has built eight schools ; the Carnegie library, at Willson avenue and Broadway ; St. Kinsmans church and school ; and a number of other imposing structures, including some elegant apartment houses. Mr. Kirschner is a lover of music, art and books, possessing a large library, on the shelves of which are found works in English, French, German and Polish, all of which he reads fluently. He also speaks these four languages. He has never married, Hying with his two sisters in the beautiful home at No. 735 East Ninety-first street. During the quarter of a century of his business career Mr. Kirschner has never taken a vacation, nor does he appear to think he needs one. 694 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Possessed of unusual ability, he has directed his efforts towards attaining the goal his ambition has set. In all of his transactions he has been governed by the strictest integrity, and because of this people place the utmost confidence in him and his work. Like a number of other successful men, Mr. Kirschner is very charitable, giving freely and cheerfully, where aid to needed, yet many of his kind deeds never come to light, being known only to himself and the one he has assisted, for this broad-minded, true-hearted man is modest and prefers to act quietly and not "to be seen of others." JONATHAN CLAYTON FORMAN. The industrial interests of Cleveland find a worthy representative in Jonathan Clayton Forman, president of the Forman-Bassett-Hatch Company, printers, blank book manufacturers and lithographers. He claims no special credit for what he has accomplished and yet his close application and well directed labors have brought him into prominent connection with the line of business in which he is now operating. He was born in Gorham, Ontario county, New York, September i 1, 183o. His father, Samuel W. Forman, a native of New Jersey, was a descendant in the fourth generation of John Forman, who came from England in 1685 and located in Monmouth county, New Jersey. Among his descendants was George David Forman of military fame. In 1831 Samuel W. Forman removed westward, locating in the southern part of Ashtabula county, Ohio, where he secured a tract of woodland and engaged in farming for about nine years. In 1839 he removed to Warren, Ohio, where his death occurred in 1875, when he had reached the venerable age of eighty-one years. Jonathan Clayton Forman pursued his education in the public schools of Warren until thirteen years of age, when he entered upon his business career as roller boy in the office of the Western Reserve Chronicle, the oldest paper in the Western Reserve. He was afterward apprenticed to Tait & Walling, the publishers of the Liberty Herald, with whom he had worked for but a year when fire destroyed the plant and the paper was removed to Cleveland by the leaders of the antislavery movement, who felt that they could not support two papers on the Western Reserve. The True American and the Herald were then consolidated. A short time subsequently Mr. Forman secured a position with Sanford & Hayward, the leading printers and binders of this city, and when he had completed a four years' apprenticeship he was given charge of the bookbinding department. In 1867 he was admitted to the firm and in 1876 the plant was purchased by Short & Forman, being operated under that style until November, 189o, when it was destroyed by fire. The business was then reorganized as the Forman-Bassett-Hatch Company, with Mr. Forman as the president, C. O. Bassett, secretary and treasurer, and C. D. Hatch, vice president. Mr. Forman came to Cleveland when the city had only sixteen thousand inhabitants and the printing business was comparatively primitive. He has been identified with the city's growth for a half century and understands every detail of the business which he has developed along substantial lines until he is now at the head of the leading job printing, binding, blank book manufacturing and lithographing concern in the city. The company has a seven-story plant, well equipped, and the continual expansion of the trade is due in very large measure to the labors, careful direction and executive ability of him whose name introduces this review. Mr. Forman has invented many clever devices and machines used in printing and binding. In June, 1853, Mr. Forman was married to Miss Elizabeth Darroch, of Cleveland, who died in 1896. They were the parents of two sons, Samuel W. and William H. The former attained his majority and died in 1893, while the latter died in infancy. Mr. Forman originally gave his political support to the whig party but on the organization of the republican party became one of its advocates and HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 697 has long been an effective worker for party principles but has repeatedly declined nominations for office. He belongs to both the Tippecanoe and Union Clubs. He is a large, athletic man, well preserved, active and energetic and with hair and beard without a sign of gray at the age of seventy-nine years. His remarkable vigor is due to his close conformity to nature's laws and it is to be hoped that many more years of usefulness are yet before him. His has long been an honored name in the business circles of the city and his establishment has long set the standard for activity in the line in which he operates. GEORGE W. BENEDICT. George W. Benedict, senior member of the old-established fur house of Benedict & Mueller, and a man widely known in his special line of business, is a native of Cleveland, having been born here in 1863, and comes of a family long identified with the fur trade. He is a graduate of Brook's Military school and for some time was a student at Greylock private school of Massachusetts. The fur busines was founded in 1815 at Schenectady, New York, by his grandfather, Levi Benedict. He continued there until 1846, when removal was made to Cleveland and the house of L. Benedict & Son was established. Levi Benedict was a founder of several important enterprises, establishing the Society for Savings Bank, in conjunction with several others ; and was associated with many enterprises which have flourished. In 1867 the firm of S. H. Benedict & Company succeeded the original firm, the concern doing a wholesale as well as retail business, with a branch house in Kansas City, to which George W. Benedict was sent as salesman in 1880. There he remained for four years but came back to Cleveland in 1885. As his health was not good, he went to Colorado Springs in 1886, engaging there in a cattle business for nine years. Once more he returned to Cleveland, in 1895, to enter into business with the firm of Benedict & Ruedy, retail furriers. This firm became, in 1907, the Ruedy Company, the present style of Benedict & Mueller being adopted in 1900. In 1882 Mr. Benedict married Minette Seymour, a daughter of B. F. Seymour, a shoe merchant at that time in Cleveland. They have four daughters : Louise, a graduate of Miss Andrews private school, married Claude E. Hort, who is identified with the Daily Leader ; Majorie is a graduate of the high school here ; Gertrude also graduated from the same institution, as did Harriette. The family belong to the Second Presbyterian church. Mr. Benedict is one of the keen, far-sighted business men of the city. Having grown tip in his business he understands every detail and is able to carry it on profitably and satisfactorily. His workmanship is of the finest, his furs are the choicest to be found anywhere, and his customers come back to him year after year, knowing that he can be relied upon implicitly. The high standard of excellence instituted by his grandfather is still maintained by the present firm of which Mr. Benedict is senior, and moving spirit. HERBERT C. HALE. Herbert C. Hale, a mechanical engineer, dealing in mining equipment, is among the enterprising young business men of the city, whose excellent business qualifications, good management and insistent application have placed him in his present prosperous position so that he ranks among the representative commercial men here. He was born in Huntington, West Virginia, March 15, 1874, a son of Othello W. Hale, a native Ohian, born April 1, 1841, who during his younger 698 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND years was engaged in the lumber business but spent the latter part of his life as county clerk stationed at Akron, Ohio. He was elected to that office on the republican ticket and in that city he spent his remaining days, entering into rest November 13, 1906. He was a veteran of the Civil war, having served in the Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, receiving an honorable discharge at the close of the conflict. He was well known in business circles, having been secretary of the Akron Building & Cabinet Company, and his name was also closely connected with the lumber interests throughout the state. Our subject's mother, Elizabeth (Hanson) Hale, who was born m England in 1839 and came to America in girlhood, died in 1876. The public schools of Akron, Ohio, accorded Herbert C. Hale his preliminary education and after completing a course in mechanical engineering in the Case School of Applied Science he was graduated with the class of 1896 and made his first venture in the business world as a manufacturer of refrigerating machines, engaging in this enterprise for about one year in this city. Subsequently he became associated with Webster, Champ & Lane, manufacturers of engineering and mining machinery in Akron, remaining with this firm for about eight years, at the expiration of which period he became affiliated with the Mineral Ridge Manufacturing Company, at Niles, Ohio, officiating as manager of this concern for three years. He then located in this city and established himself in business, making a specialty of mine equipment with particular attention to the machinery and other devices used in coal mines. From the outset his enterprise has met with splendid success and, steadily growing, it promises to become one of the leading mdustrial concerns of the city. Mr. Hale has received contract work from many large companies, among which are the Wolf Run Coal Company, of Jefferson county ; the Canaan Coal Company, of Athens county ; and in fact he has completed contracts in the coal fields in every section of this country and also in British Columbia. In addition to this business he is also connected with a number of other commercial concerns. In 1898 Mr. Hale wedded Corinne F. Hills, a native of this city, and to this union have been born : Clarence H., Elizabeth H. and Gordon M. Mr. Hale belongs to the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the 'American Institute of Mining Engineers and the Cleveland Coal Club, and, his knowledge of his line of work embracing every phase of the entire field, he is recognized as an authority on mining equipment and, as a business man of good character and straightforward methods, is held in high repute throughout the city. ARTHUR W. DEAN. Arthur W. Dean, secretary and treasurer of The Pittsburg & Ohio Mining Company, has found employment for his ability and knowledge of mining values during his association with this company, which is one of the most reliable in 4 Cleveland. He was born in Newark, Ohio, in 1874, and is a son of John E. and Zoe (Davis) Dean, the former born in 1844 in New York state, and the latter in Ohio in 1848. The father moved to Ohio about 1867 and for a number of years was actively engaged in a hardware business, but his last years were spent in retirement in Newark, Ohio, where he died October 17, 1909, and was buried. His widow is still living in that city. In their family were four children, namely: Davis E., a resident of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; Arthur W., of this review ; John R., of New Boston, Connecticut ; and Thomas E., of Cleveland. During the Civil war the father served throughout the struggle in the Ninth New York Heavy Artillery as adjutant and sergeant major. The Dean family originated in England and its representatives were connected with the Massachusetts colony HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 699 at an early day. The Davis family was founded in this country in 1824, and its representatives were among the very early settlers of Ohio. Arthur W. Dean attended the public schools of Newark and also the Dennison University, where he took a general course and was graduated from the latter institution in 1894. Upon leaving the university he began his business career as a coal merchant, being associated with other Cleveland business men. This was merged into the present company in 1901, when the business was incorporated and Mr. Dean was made secretary and later treasurer also. The company operates in Ohio, Pennsylvania and West Virginia and controls its own mines. The volume of their business is immense and Mr. Dean's capacity for work is oftentimes taxed to the utmost. In addition to his association with this concern, he is connected with other business houses as director or stockholder and his interests are large and varied. On the 8th of June, 1898, Mr. Dean was married in Newark, Ohio, to Miss Helen Sook, who is a native of this state and a daughter of Dr. O. P. and Lois (Abbott) Sook, of Newark, where her father is still living but her mother passed away in 1907. Dr. Sook served his country as a Union soldier in the Civil war. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Dean have been born three children : Kathryn Z., now eleven years of age; Helen Gertrude, aged seven years, and Mary Constance, two years old. Mr. Dean belongs to several college fraternities, to the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Clifton Club and is universally liked. His ability, energy and enthusiasm have been largely responsible for the building up of a great industry, and he has always worked along modern lines of business, striving to protect his employes while he earns dividends for his stockholders. GEORGE W. GEUDER. George W. Geuder, president of the Hull Can Company, to which position of executive control he was chosen in 1906, was born in Dover, Ohio, July 26, 1856. His parents were Adolph and Charlotte (Ott) Geuder, both of whom were natives of Bavaria, Germany. The father crossed the Atlantic on a sailing vessel in 1848. He did not tarry on the Atlantic coast but made his way at once into the interior of the country, establishing his home at West Cleveland. He was a graduate of Heidelberg University and although after coming to Cleveland he was at one time in the coal business as a partner of John Huntington, he was perhaps better known in connection with his work in behalf of education in this city. He was for years the examiner in Cleveland of all the teachers in German, Latin and Greek. A remarkable feature of his life was that after his return to Europe in 1882 he attended schools and universities every winter until seventy-six years of age. He was a man of remarkably broad learning and carried on his research, investigations and study until his latest years. He died in Nuremberg, Bavaria, May 16, 1906. George W. Geuder began his education in the public schools and later the father removed with the family to Cleveland. He continued his studies as a pupil in the Mayflower Brownell high schools and later took up the study of civil engineering in Stuttgart, Wurtemberg, in Karlsruhe and in Baden, Germany. He thus attended some of the most eminent schools and universities of the old world and there won his degree of Civil Engineer. On his return to America he entered the government service in the improvement of the Missouri river at Jefferson City, Missouri, where he remained for a year. He was then sent to another point on the Mississippi, where he remained four years in the improvement of the channel. On the expiration of that period he left the government employ and entered the oil business in connection with the firm of Clark Brothers & Company and in their service went to Europe, conducting a brokerage