(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 700 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND business at Frankfurt, Germany. He then came to America and was associated with the clerical force in the office of Clark Brothers, who eventually sold out to the Standard, Oil Company. Mr. Geuder then turned his attention to the coal business in connection with E. G. Krouse, under the firm style of E. G. Krouse & Company. Mr. Geuder then removed to Massillon, Ohio, where the mines were located, there remaining for two years. At the end of that time illness caused him to put aside the work to which he was then giving his attention and return to Cleveland, where the office of the company had been maintained. He was then associated with the business in this city until they sold out to M. A. Hanna & Company. Mr. Geuder afterward made a visit to the old home of his parents in Germany, remaining abroad for seven months. After his return he became president of the Hull Can Company, to which he was elected in 1906, since which time he has been its chief executive officer, giving his time and energies to administrative direction.   In 1888 Mr. Geuder was married to Miss Jennie Clark, a daughter of James H. Clark, the original oil man of Cleveland. Their children are George A., seventeen years of age, and Jeanette 0., thirteen years of age. Mr. Geuder is a member of Tyrian Lodge, No. 37, A. F. & A. M., of which he is past master; Cleveland Chapter, R. A. M.; also the council; Holyrood Commandery, K. T.; the consistory, in which he has attained the thirty-second degree ; and the Mystic Shrine. In politics he is independent at the local elections where no issues are involved beyond those concerning the business-like administration of municipal affairs but in national elections votes the republican ticket. He is always loyal to the best interests of Cleveland and puts forth earnest and effective effort in behalf of the city and its welfare. In his business life he has made steady progress resulting from earnest purpose and unfaltering diligence, and now as president of the Hull Can Company his name is written large on the commercial history of the city.   HALBERT DENNIS SMITH.   Halbert Dennis Smith, for nineteen years a member of the Cleveland Bar, now well known as the junior partner of the law firm of Hamilton & Smith, claims Chardon, Geauga county, Ohio, as the place of his nativity, his natal day being May 22, 1866. His grandfather, Marsh Smith, a native of Vermont, became one of the early residents of Geauga county, where he followed the occupation of farming and was prominent in the public life of the district for a considerable period. He served Geauga county for several terms as county auditor.   Judge Henry K. Smith, the father of Halbert D. Smith, was born at Parkman, Geauga county, in 1832, and at the age of twenty removed to Chardon with his parents, where he has ever since resided. Subsequently he was admitted to the bar and entered the active practice of the law until he was elected to the office of county prosecutor. which office he held two terms. He was then elected probate judge of the county, which office he held for fourteen consecutive terms, making his tenure of office as such judge forty-two years. His political allegiance has ever been given to the republican party since its organization. He married Harmony G. Stocking, who was born in Chardon, Ohio, in 1839, a daughter of Dennis W. Stocking, a native of New York, who died at the remarkable old age of one hundred years. In the family of Judge Henry K. Smith were two sons: Stuart S. Smith, who is and has been for many years the cashier of the First National Bank, of Chardon ; and Halbert D., the subject of this sketch.   Halbert Dennis Smith was graduated from the Chardon public schools and then entered Buchtel College at Akron, Ohio, from which college he was graduated in 1890, with the degree of Ph. B. He became a member of the Phi Delta Theta fraternity while in college. His review of the business and professional   HISTORY OF tLEVELAND - 703   world, together with a partial preparation, led him to the determination to make the practice of law his life work, and in 1891 he resumed the study of law and completed a course in the Cincinnati Law School, winning the Bachelor of Law degree. The same year he was admitted to the bar and at once began practice in Cleveland. He remained alone for a short time and then joined George S. Adams, now judge of the juvenile court of this county ; with whom he was associated for a few years under the firm style of Smith & Adams. In the year 1896 he entered into partnership with Judge Edwin T. Hamilton and his son Walter J. Hamilton under the firm style of Hamilton, Hamilton & Smith. Since the death of the senior partner the firm continues as Hamilton & Smith and is engaged in general practice.   Mr. Smith was married on the 23d of September, 1896, to Miss Sarah Jane Wilson, a daughter of Hiram and Sarah Jane Murray Wilson. Mr. and Mrs. Smith have one child, Wilson Woodbury, born October 25, 1900. Mr. Smith gives his pohtical support to the republican party when called upon to exercise his right of franchise, but otherwise is not active in politics. His citizenship, his professional service and private life alike entitle him to the respect and good will which are entertained for him by those with whom he has been brought in contact.   GOTTLIEB J. MAURER.   Gottlieb J. Maurer, the sole Cleveland agent of the Almanaris Company of Waukesha, Wisconsin, has been successfully engaged in the sale of mineral and spring waters at No. 2085 West Twenty-fifth street for the past nineteen years, and is likewise a prominent representative of financial interests as the treasurer and one of the directors of the Cleveland West Side Bauverein Company. He was born in Geneva, Switzerland, on the 25th of May, 1853, a son of Daniel and Elizabeth Maurer. He attended the public schools of his native land until sixteen years of age and then secured a position as waiter in a fine hotel at Geneva, being thus engaged during the summer months, while in the winter seasons he was employed in the southern part of France. In the year 1875 he went to London, England, where he was employed as waiter in a hotel for two years, on the expiration of which period he returned to Switzerland and again accepted a position as waiter. In this capacity he has served several famous and world renowned people, mcluding General Grant and the Prince of Wales. He remained in Switzerland until 1880 and then crossed the Atlantic to the United States, being employed as a waiter in a New York hotel for a year and a half.   At the end of that time Mr. Maurer came to Cleveland and started out in business life on his own account as proprietor of a restaurant, conducting an establishment of this character on the south side for five years. He then purchased property at No. 2085 West Twenty-fifth street, where he has since been engaged in the sale of mineral water, being the sole Cleveland agent of the Almanaris Company of Waukesha, Wisconsin. Almanaris is a natural mineral water, unexcelled for table use, and many of its constant users testify to the fact that it is the safest diuretic and purest water in the world. Mr. Maurer is likewise the treasurer and one of the directors of the Cleveland West Side Bauverein Company, which has an authorized capital of two million dollars and assets amounting to more than four hundred and sixty-five thousand dollars. In all of his business dealings he has shown good judgment and marked enterprise and has made his efforts count to the utmost, utilizing every opportunity to the best advantage.   In February, 1877, in Switzerland, Mr. Maurer wedded Miss Maria Beuhler, by whom he has four children, namely : Clara, at home ; Arnold, twenty-six years of age, who is the collector for the Excelsior Brewing Company ; Emma,   704 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   who is likewise under the parental roof ; and Walter, a lad of fifteen, who is attending the public schools.   In his political views Mr. Maurer is a socialist and in religious faith is a Protestant. He belongs to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, the Concordia and Pioneer Verein and is a director in the American Grigby Bond. His personal characteristics render him popular with many friends and he is most esteemed in social and business circles of Cleveland.   ISRAEL D. WAGAR.   From youth to old age a resident of Ohio, Israel D. Wagar, who started upon life's journey when the nineteenth century had completed but two decades, lived to witness the remarkable growth which was wrought in the interests of civilization as the white race established homes on the frontier and utilized the natural resources of the country in the development of business interests and enterprises.   He was born in what was then called Troy, but is now Avon, Lorain county, Ohio, February 21, 1820. Hardly had the pioneer homes of the white settlers begun to replace the Indian wigwams when the Wagar family was founded in this state. Mars Wagar, the father of our subject, was born in one of the primitive log homes that were first built in the dense forest near the shore of Lake Erie. He wedded Keturah Miller, and when their son Israel was less than a year old they removed to East Rockport, now Lakewood, where he spent the greater part of his life. During his youthful days he performed the strenuous task of aiding in clearing the land, cutting away the heavy timber, grubbing up the stumps, burning the brush and using the main part of the trees for wood. As this task was accomplished land was plowed and planted and converted into rich fields.   As opportunity offered Israel Wagar attended the district schools and afterward pursued an academic course. Although his educational advantages were few, his natural love of learning and his retentive memory enabled him to acquire a knowledge seldom obtained by those who do not have the benefit of thorough instruction in the schools of higher grade. He was always interested in study and in time became a man of broad general information. He was still a young man when he was qualified for teaching, which profession he followed for several years, being a most thorough and interesting instructor with ability to hold the attention of his pupils while he imparted to them knowledge which left an ineffaceable stamp upon their minds. His father was a noted mathematician and linguist and his mother a lady of unusual intelligence and fortitude, and thus the intellectual prowess of his parents was inherited by the son in an ardent love for knowledge. He was a great reader, and moreover took lively interest in the discussion of all the vital questions of the day.   On the 1st of January, 1843, Mr. Wagar was married to Miss Elizabeth Pyle, a daughter of Michael and Isabella Pyle. She was born in Wayne county, Ohio, September 7, 1822, and possessed many beautiful traits of character, an unselfish nature, a kindly, progressive spirit and a genial disposition which endeared her to the entire community in which she lived.   After his marriage Mr. Wagar settled on the land on which he continued to make his home until called to his final rest. The fifty years which he devoted to its cultivation transformed it from a forest tract to fertile fields, and in time it became a beautiful residential section of Cleveland. In his early years he gave his attention mostly to fanning and fruit raising and later he also dealt quite extensively in real estate. His business judgment was sound, his discernment keen and his sagacity enabled him to make judicious purchases and profitable sales.   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 705   While thus conducting a successful business Mr. Wagar continued to reside at the old homestead, which is a spacious stone dwelling of pleasing architectural design. There he reared his family of eight children, five daughters and three sons: Lura M., the eldest, is now the widow of Dr. C. D. Ashley, of Meadville ; Adah I. is the widow of Rev. M. G. Browne, of Cleveland ; John M., deceased, married Harriet Hotchkiss ; Jessie A. is the wife of G. E. Loveland, living in Kansas ; George E. is the next of the family ; Caroline D. is the wife of Dr. D. F. Baker, of Cleveland ; Elizabeth is the widow of Dr. Goodell, of New York; and Charles A. is deceased.   Mr. Wager gave his political allegiance to the whig party, having been reared in that faith. He remained one of its stanch advocates until its dissolution and in 1865 he joined the ranks of the democracy. He served most acceptably as justice of the peace and his counsel and advice were frequently sought in matters of importance to the individual and to the community. He enjoyed public confidence and respect in an unusual degree. He was broad-minded and liberal in religious faith, believing that in the end all men will be saved ; that the eternal purpose of the Almighty will never be thwarted or turned aside by his creatures ; that "He is good to all and His tender mercies are over all his works ;" that the human mind is so organized that it will yield to treatment and in the end the wicked by association, discipline and punishment under the guidance of the Divine wisdom will at length be saved. His charity was broad and words of harsh condemnation were seldom, if ever, heard from his lips.   In 1876 Mr. Wagar spent several months in travel abroad, visiting various points of scenic, modern and historic interest in Europe, and, possessing an observing eye and retentive memory, this trip enabled him to store his mind with many interesting reminiscences. Throughout the greater part of his life he enjoyed good health and retained a mind strong and vigorous in his old age. His memory formed a connecting link between the primitive past and the progressive present, for he lived to witness the wonderful changes that occurred from the time when this district was an almost unbroken wilderness until it became one of the rich and fertile tracts of the state, and in its midst stands a city whose population places it with the ten largest cities of the Union. In 1893 Mr. and Mrs. Wagar celebrated their golden wedding, on which occasion many relatives and friends were present. They were separated in death in 1902, when Mr. Wagar was called to his final home. Reviewing his past he ascribed his success to industry, contentment and a firm reliance on the Divine guidance, believing that to each man is given the strength to perform the tasks which come to him. His life was beautiful and noble in its purposes and the memory which he left behind is one that is cherished by all who came into intimate association with him while he was yet an active factor in the world's work.   LA QUINIO RAWSON.   La Quinio Rawson, attorney at law of Cleveland, was born in Fremont, Ohio, October 28, 1871, and is of Puritan ancestry. His grandfather, Dr. La Quinio Rawson, came to Ohio from Massachusetts, in 1826 and settled at Lower Sandusky, now Fremont. He took an active and prominent part in public affairs and was president of the Lake Erie & Louisville, now the Lake Erie & Western Railroad Company. Mr. Rawson's father, Joseph L. Rawson, was born in Fremont in 1835 and was a civil engineer by profession, but had other business interests, having been engaged for a number of years in the wholesale grain trade. His death occurred in July, 1906, when he had reached the age of seventy-one years. His mother, Margaret Amelia Gelpin, a daughter of Judge Lyman Gelpin, was born near Bellevue, Ohio, in 1839 and died in Fremont in October, 1908. The military record of the family is a most creditable   706 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   one. Joseph L. Rawson was in the government employ during and after the Civil war in connection with the revenue 'department. Dr. Milton Rawson, an uncle, was a surgeon in the Union Army. Another uncle, Eugene Allen Rawson, while attending college in New York, put aside his text-books and, contrary to his father's wishes, enlisted in the army. He was transferred to the Seventy-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was promoted several times and was killed in battle at Tupelo, Mississippi, while serving as major of his regiment. He was very young to hold that rank, his advancement coming to him in recognition of his bravery. Dr. Peter Beaugrand, a great uncle of La Quinio Rawson in the paternal line, was an army surgeon in the Mexican and also the Civil war. He was born in August, 1814, and is still living in Fremont, hale and hearty, retaining all his faculties at the venerable age of ninety-five years.   After leaving the high schools of his native city, Mr. Rawson accepted a position in the county auditor's office, where he continued for a year. He then became an employe in the office of Gusdorf Brothers, pork packers of Fremont, with whom he remained for a year and a half, during which period he devoted his evening hours to the study of law. Afterward he studied in the office and under the direction of James H. Fowler, an attorney at law in Fremont, and going to Cincinnati, he successfully passed the examination that admitted him to the senior class of the Cincinnati Law School. He was graduated at the close of the year 1892 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws and entered upon active practice in Cleveland in the same year with the firm of Russell & Rice. After the dissolution of that firm he continued with its senior member, L. A. Russell, until 1900, after which he was alone for .about one year, becoming the senior partner of the law firm of Rawson & Gentsch in 1901. This partnership was dissolved in October, 1909, Mr. Rawson assuming an active connection with The Cleveland Life Insurance Company as its secretary and general counsel. He has given his attention largely to corporation law, making a specialty of the law of insurance.   Mr. Rawson is a republican in politics and was elected to the general assembly of Ohio in 1903. While a member of the house he served as chairman of the insurance committee, during which period the insurance laws of the state were practically rewritten, a number of very important and beneficial changes being made. He was also a member of the finance committee and was recognized as one of the active working members of the house.   He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Tippecanoe Club, the Society of Mayflower Descendants, the Masons and several other fraternal organizations. He is also a communicant of the Episcopal church and these associations indicate much of the nature of his interests and the principles that guide him in life's relations. On the 26th day of December, 1895, he married Miss Beatrice Frances Floyd, of Cleveland, and they have one daughter, Beatrice Rawson.   DAVID MORROW.   Ere the first third of the nineteenth century had been brought to a close, David Morrow had become a resident of Cleveland. Of Scotch-Irish descent, he was a native of Belfast, Ireland, and there pursued his education. In the year 1832, he and his brother William started for the new world, accompanied by their sister and aged parents. They left Belfast on one of the old-time sailing vessels that plowed the Atlantic waters in those days. The journey was a long and tedious one, being dependent upon winds that were often variable, but at length the family arrived safely upon American shores. They did not tarry long in the east, however, but came to Cleveland, and for two years the family home was near what is now the city square. Cleveland, at that time, had but little business rating, being a small village of about seventeen hundred inhabitants.   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 709   In 1834 David and William Morrow purchased sixty-two acres of land, then heavily timbered with the native forest trees, on what is now known as Eddy Road, and there the family removed. Since that time this place has been the home of the Morrows in Cleveland. With characteristic energy, they began the development of the land, by clearing away the timber, and in course of time plowed and planted, so that good crops were ultimately harvested. As the years passed and the growth of the city extended its boundaries, this tract of land- was no longer remote from the business center of Cleveland.   The aged father, whose name was also David Morrow, died in 1836, followed within a year by his wife, Rebecca. The brothers and the sister Abigail continued to reside upon the old homestead until their demise. Abigail Morrow died about 1860.   On the 6th of October, 1863, David Morrow was united in marriage to Miss Eliza Shade, who was born in Germany and came to America in 1856. By their marriage there were three children, Abigail Rebecca, David William and Eliza Lillie. The two brothers continued the work of the farm together until the death of William Morrow, which occurred in 1872. Throughout the period of his residence in Cleveland, David Morrow was regarded as an active, honorable and upright man, whose life at all times was guided by his religious belief and principles. He was a Presbyterian and attended the East Cleveland Presbyterian church, to which the family belong. In all of his business affairs he was thoroughly reliable and adhered closely to a high standard of commercial ethics. Mr. Morrow continued to engage in farming on the old homestead until his demise, which occurred December 19, 1879, at the age of eighty years. Mrs. Morrow, who is still living at the old home, yet owns eighteen acres of the original tract, while the remainder of the property has been sold for building purposes.   The son, David William Morrow, was born at the old home, October 3, 1866. He was graduated, in 1893, from the Case School of Applied Science, on the completion of the civil engineering course and received the degree of Bachelor of Science. He has taken his place among the representative and progressive business men of the city, and his operations in the real-estate field have contributed to the substantial progress and upbuilding of Cleveland.   On June 28, 1905, he married Miss Jessamine Adams, whose grandfather came from Connecticut to Ohio in 1816 and settled in Brecksville. In his political views Mr. Morrow has always been an earnest republican, with firm faith in the principles of the party, and served for one term as a member of the village council of Glenville, taking a deep interest in all those affairs which are matters of civic pride and civic virtue. A Presbyterian in religious faith, he is active in the work of the church, and manifests a well directed energy in connection with every work which he undertakes. For seventy-seven years, the Morrow family has figured prominently in Cleveland, and the name is synonymous with progressive citizenship, enterprise and reliability in business, and close conformity to a high standard of commercial ethics.   WILLIAM HOPKINS TUTTLE.   Before the city of Cleveland had emerged from villagehood William H. Tuttle became numbered among its residents. He was born in East Adam, Connecticut, February 6, 1818, and the following year was brought to Cuyahoga county by his father, Jesse W. Tuttle, who settled in the country about five miles from Cleveland. There he built a log cabin in the midst of the forest and began clearing his farm, whereon he lived for the remainder of his life. He was long associated with agricultural interests and was one of the promoters of the country's development along that line.   710 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   Reared under the parental roof, William H. Tuttle acquired his education in the common schools here and on attaining his majority started in business on his own account, becoming identified with ship-building interests. He was for twenty-five years engaged as patternmaker with the old Cuyahoga Furnace Company, of which he remained a stockholder throughout the- residue of his days. He was active in the management of the business for a considerable period but retired some years prior to his death. He thus figured prominently along mechanical lines in the city's business progress and lived to witness a remarkable change in the trade interests of Cleveland. He helped to set up the first engine and the first water-works plant of the city and was identified with other acts that constituted epochs in the history of Cleveland.   Indeed Mr. Tuttle was regarded as a very public-spirited man, withholding his aid and cooperation from no movement which he deemed of public benefit. He assisted in building St. John's church, of which he was a very active and helpful worker, doing all in his power to promote its growth and extend its influence. He remained one of its worthy representatives until his death, which occurred m 1882 and his entire life was actuated by his Christian faith and belief.   Mr. Tuttle was married in Elyria, Ohio, to Miss Mary E. Pritchard, of Ohio, whose father came to this state when it was largely an unbroken wilderness. He made a home for himself in Cleveland and once owned fifty acres of timber land on what is now Detroit street. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Tuttle was born two daughters: Mrs. Ella Weaver, who is yet a resident of Cleveland ; and Permelia M. Peck, deceased. The former became the wife of Will P. Weaver, a son of Jabez Weaver, one of the pioneer lumbermen of this city, who for years was associated with the firm of House & Davis. He married Julia Gordon, the wedding being celebrated in Cleveland and unto them were born seven children : Curtis, Will P., Mrs. Climo, Mrs. MacCallum, Frank, Charles Homer and Charity L. The father died in October, 1906, and thus passed away one of the oldest pioneer settlers of the city, Mr. Weaver having been identified with its business interests from an early period in its development., He lived to witness remarkable changes here as did Mr. Tuttle, both bearing their part in the work of general improvement and progress and contributing to the material prosperity through their individual business interests.   CONRAD LUDWIG HOTZE.   Conrad Ludwig Hotze, attorney at law and imperial German consular agent of Cleveland, was born in Mayence on the Rhine, September 1, 1839. His father died when the son was but four years of age and by his mother's death he was left an orphan at the age of eleven years. He comes of a family of mixed German and Austrian strains. His eldest brother, Frederick Hotze, who was born May 6, 1833, was field marshal lieutenant, an office equivalent to that of major general, or the second highest position in the Austrian army. He died in 1900. Another brother, Peter Hotze, was one of the oldest citizens of Little Rock, Arkansas, where for many years he engaged in business as a cotton merchant but died there in April, 1909. He was a prominent resident there, well known and highly respected by all.   These three brothers constituted the family. Conrad L. Hotze was a young man of twenty-one years when he came to the United States, making his way to Little Rock, Arkansas. He had acquired his primary education at Innsbruck, in Tirol, and continued his studies in Germany and in Paris, France. He went to Little Rock on a visit to his brother, who had been a member of the state militia there and who with his company, went into the southern army at the time of the Civil war, thinking his military service would not cover more than ninety days. He begged Conrad L. Hotze, who wanted to return to Paris, to remain for the   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 713   time being and take care of his property in Little Rock. The younger brother consented to do so and managed the interests of Peter Hotze until the southern congress passed a law compelling aliens to enter the Confederate army. Mr. Hotze, of this review, however, was a strong Union man and opposed to fighting for the Confederacy. He therefore left Little Rock as a fugitive from southern compulsion to military service, entering the lines of the Union army at Helena, Arkansas, after which he went to Cincinnati, Ohio, where he became a teacher in the Hughes high school, which position he filled until a committee of the board of education of Cleveland arrived in Cincinnati and suggested that Mr. Hotze should go to the former city, which he did in 1867. For eleven years he was connected with the Central high school, teaching physics and chemistry. In 1871 he compiled and published two elementary text-books for teaching physics and physiology in the grammar grades of the public schools.   In the meantime he had devoted his leisure hours to the study of law and in June, 1878, was admitted to the bar of Ohio and also to practice in the United States courts, since which time he has been an active member of the legal profession. He makes a specialty of life insurance law and the collection and regulation of foreign estates. Having been counsel for the imperial consulate at Cincinnati since 1882, the consulate deemed it advisable to make Mr. Hotze its agent in Cleveland and he was appointed to that position on the 4th of October, 1906, since which time he has ably served in that capacity. He is also counsel for the Austro-Hungarian consulate in Cleveland and has made a close study of law bearing upon international affairs. He has also conducted much interesting litigation in insurance and done much work in the settlement of foreign estates and is a man whose professional honor and integrity have never been called into question.   Mr. Hotze was married in 1882 to Miss Linda Stallo, a daughter of Judge Stallo, of Cincinnati, who, under President Cleveland, was minister of the United States to Rome. The death of Mrs. Hotze occurred in this city in 1889 and was the occasion of deep regret to many friends.   In his political views Mr. Hotze, as he expresses it, is "a gold democrat of the independent sort." He is a member of the Bar Association and his the high regard of his professional brethren. For many years he was a close student of psychology and the science of the soul, carrying his researches far and wide into that realm of knowledge and at a later date expects to publish the results of his investigations. He is a man of broad scholarly attainments, finding his most congenial friends among those to whom literary pursuits and scientific experiences are a pleasure.   JOHN A. DONALDSON.   Existing conditions in the business world make it necessary for great concerns to put their affairs in charge of men whose reliability and experience is unquestioned. These immense corporations have too many and varied interests for them to be handled by any one man, therefore they appoint agents at various congested points, presided over by a general agent through whose hands pass the details of mighty transactions. John A. Donaldson holds such a position with the Pittsburg Coal Company, being their general agent at Cleveland. He was born September 26, 1865, in Candor, Washington county, Pennsylvania, a son of Thomas D. and Margaret A. (Christy) Donaldson.   Thomas Donaldson was born in Pennsylvania in 1839, and died in 1906, after a long life as merchant and farmer. A short time prior to his demise he retired from active labor. His wife, who was born in the Keystone state in 1842, survives him. The Donaldson family is an old and honored one in Pennsylvania, having been established in Washington county by sturdy Scotch-Irish ancestry.   714 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   Growing up in his native place, John A. Donaldson received a good common-school education, supplemented by a business course at the Iron City Business College. After leaving school he entered the employ of the T. B. Robbins Coal Company, Mr. Robbins being one of the early coal barons of Pittsburg. With him for sixteen years, Mr. Donaldson learned thoroughly all the details of the business, beginning at the bottom and working up through his own efforts. In 1893, desiring a wider field of operation, he came to Cleveland to take charge of the interests of the Pittsburg, Fairport & Northwestern Dock Company and the Pittsburg & Chicago Gas & Coal Company, with offices in this city. These two united in 1899 to form the Pittsburg Coal Company, with Mr. Donaldson in charge of the docks and fuel department until 1901. In that year the National Dock & Fuel Company and the Midland Coal Company of Pittsburgwere formed, with Mr. Donaldson as vice president of the latter and general manager of the former. These properties were sold to the Pittsburg Coal Company in the fall of 1902, and Mr. Donaldson took charge of the lake department of the above mentioned company, and in the spring of 1903 he was made its general agent. In addition Mr. Donaldson is interested in the following concerns: Huron Iron Minino Company, the MacDonald Mining Company, Groveland Mining Company, Wayne Iron Company, of which he is treasurer, The Valley Steamship Company, of which he is director, and the Western Reserve Insurance Company, of which he is director.   Mr. Donaldson was married, November 27, 1895, to Margaret Robb, of Pittsburg. He is a thirty-second degree Mason, belonging to the Pittsburg lodge, and is also a Shriner. Socially he belongs to the Clifton, Cleveland Athletic, and Cleveland Coal Clubs. Politically he is a republican. Mr. Donaldson is one of the strong men of the city and a recognized factor in the coal and mining in-, terests here and in Pittsburg. His long and intimate association with these interests has given him a keen comprehension of the business in all its allied lines, and makes him a valued addition to any company connected with such activities.   CARL, F. SCHROEDER.   Carl F. Schroeder is the secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Home Brewing Company, which was organized in 1907 in association with Ernst Mueller. He was born in Stassfurt, Germany, on the 12th of August, 1852, a son of Frederick and Louisa Schroeder. The paternal grandfather, Peter Schroeder, was a native of Trabitz, engaged in general agricultural pursuits throughout his entire business career and passed away in 1860. Frederick Schroeder, the father of our subject, was born in Stassfurt, Germany, his natal day being January 24, 1823. He obtained his education in the public schools of his native land, and in 1860 set sail for the new world. After landing in New York he came at once to Cleveland, Ohio, and, turning his attention to the profession of teaching, was the first person in the city to give a German lesson. He gave instruction in his native tongue until 1869, and then became a teacher in the public schools, being thus successfully engaged until the time of his retirement in 1889. His death, which occurred in January, 1908, was the occasion of deep and widespread regret, for he had gained an extensive and favorable acquaintance during his long residence here.   Carl F. Schroeder pursued his education in the public schools of the fatherland until sixteen years of age, when he crossed the Atlantic to the United States and, locating in Cleveland, secured a position as bundle boy with the E. I. Baldwin Dry Goods Company. He later became bookkeeper for the concern and remained in that employ until 1889, when he entered the service of the Phoenix Brewing Company as finance man. In 1898 he became secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland & Sandusky Brewing Company and also acted as   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 715   financial agent, his connection with the company being maintained until 1907. In that year, in association with Ernst Mueller, he organized the Cleveland Home Brewing Company and, being a man of sound judgment and excellent executive ability, has already built up an extensive and profitable business. The company turns out seventy-five thousand barrels of beer annually, has forty men on its payroll and utilizes eight wagons.   In February, 1882, in Cleveland, Mr. Schroeder was united in marriage to Miss Clara Krause, by whom he has three children, as follows : Erna, who is engaged in teaching in the public schools ; Clara, who prepared for teaching in the Woman's College and is now teaching in the Nottingham high school ; and Walter, a young man of twenty-four. The last named attended the Case school and was general sales agent for the Murphy Iron Works of Cincinnati, Ohio, but is now associated with his father-in-law, John Huntington, in the roofing business,   Mr. Schroeder gives his political allegiance to the democracy and fraternally is identified with the Masons, being a member of the blue lodge. He is vice president of the Gesang Verein and was the organizer of the old Philharmonic Orchestra, now known as the Cleveland Symphony Orchestra. In fact, Mr. Schroeder is identified with all movements looking to the betterment and progress of the Germans of Cleveland. His home is at No. 5918 Hawthorne avenue. The period of his residence in this city now covers more than four decades, and through energy, perseverance and determination he has steadily advanced from a humble position in the business world to one of prominence and prosperity.   JUDGE WILLIAM EDGAR SHERWOOD.   William Edgar Sherwood, who was judge of the court of common pleas and was widely recognized as an authority on municipal law, ranked for many years as a leading representative of the Cleveland bar. He was born at North Royalton, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, October 2, 1850. His father, Orsamus Sherwood, was born December 15, 1815, in Genesee county, New York. He married Ann M. Caine, who was born on the Isle of Man, November 18, 1822. They became early residents of Cuyahoga county, where the father followed the occupation of farming.   Judge Sherwood's early education was acquired in the public schools of Cleveland and later he attended the Western Reserve University, at Hudson, Ohio, from which he was graduated with the class of 1872. He afterward became a student in the Law School of the Columbia University, of New York city, and thus qualified for the profession which he made his life work. He early evinced a decided taste in reading works historical, biographical and political, and was fond of disputation and debate. His natural tendency in this direction foreshadowed the line of activity which he would choose as a life work. The profession of the law made strong appeal to him and, locating for practice in Cleveland in 1874, he never changed the character of his business or his location throughout the ensuing period to the time of his demise. He soon won a liberal clientage, connecting him with much of the important litigation tried in the courts of the city. He enjoyed a very wide reputation for his knowledge of municipal law and was seldom, if ever, at fault, even in a matter of minor detail concerning that department of jurisprudence. His only partnership was with Amos Denison, which relation was established in 1886 and was continued until Judge Sherwood's election to the common pleas bench in 1889. In his judicial connections his record was in harmony with that which he had made as a man and citizen-distinguished by the utmost fidelity to duty and by a masterful grasp of every problem which was presented for solution. Judge Sherwood was called to several other offices, some of which were directly in the line of his pro-   716 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   fession. He was a member of the city council of Cleveland in 1876 and 1877 and was clerk of the board of improvements of Cleveland from July 1, 1878, until July 15, 1881. On the latter date he became first assistant city solicitor and so continued until the 1st of January, 1886, the ability and faithfulness with which he discharged his duties inscribing his name high on the roll of Cleveland's honored citizens. His cooperation was sought in many movements relative to the public good and he was regarded as particularly able in drawing up bills for the legislature. In association with Judge Blandin he drew up the original bill for the federal plan of government. He worked long and hard on this task, making ciose study of the subject and the judicial power of his mind enabled him to view each question from every possible standpoint and to arrive at a just and equitable conclusion.   Judge Sherwood was married October 8, 1874, to Miss Mary Hall, of North Royalton, Cuyahoga county, Ohio. Her father, John Hall, numbered among the early residents of Cuyahoga county, was identified with the agricultural interests during the period of his abode here and came to the new world from County Tyrone, Ireland.   Judge and Mrs. Sherwood had three children, two daughters and a son : Mary A., now a resident of Cleveland; Anna, the wife of Frederic S. Porter ; and William Edgar, who died at the age of nineteen years. The death of the wife and mother occurred in Cleveland in 1896. Judge Sherwood was a stanch republican in politics and a public-spirited citizen, but other affairs were always preeminent with him. To the welfare of the members of his own household Judge Sherwood gave his deepest thought and attention. He was loved by all who knew him and most of all where he was best known. Added to a strong intellectuality there was manifest in him a kindly, generous spirit and those sterling qualities of the true gentleman whose aristocracy is not that of birth alone but of worth.   DE WITT M. CALKINS.   De Witt M. Calkins, who at the time of his death was one of the oldest employes of the Big Four Railroad Company located in Cleveland, devoted his entire life to service of that character. A native of Jefferson county, New York, he was born June 16, 1836, a son of Amos and Susan (Adam) Calkins. The father was a farmer by occupation and trained his son in the work of the fields. He continued his residence in the Empire state until 1852, when he removed westward with his family and settled in Cleveland. In 1880, however, he returned to New York and died in Jefferson county in 1888, at the age of seventy-two years. His wife was a daughter of Mark Adams, a representative of an old New England family and a native of Connecticut. Mrs. Calkins passed away long prior to the death of her husband, her demise occurring in 1851. She was the mother of three children, of whom two reached maturity, the daughter being Mrs. Mary Nichols, who died in New York in 1889.   In his youthful days De Witt M. Calkins became familiar with the common branches of English learning as a pupil in the public schools of his native state. He was a youth of sixteen when he accompanied his parents on their removal to this city, where he attended the St. Clair school for about two years. He then entered business circles as a railway employe, becoming a brakesman on the Cleveland & Sandusky Railroad, which is now a part of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway system. He acted as brakesman for a year on a mixed train, running between Cleveland and Sandusky, and then secured a regular run from this city to Toledo, acting as train baggageman for four years. He retired from this position in 1857, with S. F. Tinney as master of transportation, and entered the service of the St. Louis, Alton & Terre Haute Railroad as train baggageman. In the fall of 1858, however, he returned to Cleveland and resumed his connection   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 719   with railway interests, this time as freight baggageman for the Cleveland & Columbus Railroad. He acted in that capacity until he broke his arm at Shelby a year later. On his recovery he was made check recorder at the old passenger depot in Cleveland and continued in that position until about the close of the Civil war, when he was appointed depot baggage agent. In that capacity he rendered service until 1876, when he was promoted to the position of general baggage agent of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, now the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad, more familiarly known as the Big Four. In that position he continued until his demise and was one of the most trusted representatives of the line. His long experience in railway circles made him widely known and his record was at all times commendable and trustworthy.   On the 1st of September, 1861, Mr. Calkins was married in Mentor, Ohio, to Miss Maria M. Fenton, whose father, Horace Fenton, was one of the early and prominent contractors and builders of Cleveland. He came to Ohio from Ogdensburg, New York, where he had been engaged in the same line of business. He built many of the churches of this city and also the Marine Hospital. He first arrived in Cleveland in 1830 but did not take up his permanent abode until 1840, making the journey westward by wagon, for the era of railroad travel had scarcely been inaugurated at that time. His wife bore the maiden name of Lois Thorpe and was also a native of New York. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Calkins were born a son and daughter. Jay Burt followed in his father's footsteps, becoming connected with railway interests at the age of sixteen years and at his father's death succeeded to his position, becoming general baggage agent of the Big Four Railroad. He married and has one son, William Gray, born January to, 1906. Nellie Fenton, the only daughter, is at home with her mother.   In his fraternal relations Mr. Calkins was a Mason, holding membership in Cleveland City Lodge, No. 15, F. & A. M., in which he was honored with the office of Master. He was also connected with Webb Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M., and Holyrood Commandery, No. 32, K. T. His death occurred on October 2, 1902. He was one of the best known and most highly respected of the old railway employes of the city, his personal worth being recognized by his many friends and his business worth widely acknowledged by the company which he long represented.   FREDERIC WILLIAM STRIEBINGER.   Frederic William Striebinger, who is recognized as one of Cleveland's ablest architects, was born in Cleveland, April 22, 1870. He is a son of Martin Striebinger, one of the pioneers of the city, who was identified with many of its most important developments.   After an education in the public schools of Cleveland he continued his studies at Columbia University, New York, and under the guidance of the renowned painter, William M. Chase, of New York. In the spring of 1893 he went abroad where he spent nearly five years in study and travel throughout Europe. After a careful training at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris, France, he returned in the fall of 1897, to Cleveland, where he began the practice of architecture.   He is an associate member of the American Institute of Architects and was for a term of years president of the Cleveland Architectural Club. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce and in more strictly fraternal relations is connected with the Forest City Lodge, No. 388, F. & A. M. ; McKinley Chapter, R. A. M., of which he is a charter member ; Oriental Commandery, K. T. ; and Lake Erie Consistory of Scottish Rite Masons, in which he has received the thirty-second degree. He is likewise a member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine and of the Knights of Pythias.   720 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   On the 25th of August, 1908, Mr. Striebinger was married to Miss Elizabeth Maude Smythe, a daughter of the late Rev. David Smythe of Guelph, Ontario, Canada.   He has always lived in Cleveland where he has a large circle of intimate friends and acquaintances. Travel and training have brought him broad culture and a broad mind, and this thorough preparation for his profession has constituted the foundation upon which he has built his business success.   CLARENCE R. SAUNDERS.   Clarence R. Saunders, oldest son of the late A. C. Saunders, one of the most notable of Cleveland's business men, who is extensively mentioned above, was born in the city in 1878. He graduated from the university school of Cleveland in the class of 1897, after which he entered Harvard, from which he was graduated in the class of 1901. Leaving school, Mr. Saunders became associated with his father in the Lorain Coal & Dock Company. He has always taken much interest in club life and is connected with the following social organizations : Union, Country, Tavern, Roadside and University Clubs.   ALTON H. GREELEY.   Alton H. Greeley is one of those citizens who belong to Cleveland doubly by reason of birth within her limits. Before considering the career of this successful and influential man of business a glance at the history of his antecedents will be well worth the while, for it is of unusual interest and even distinction. His parents were Harvey D. and Ellen (Hovey) Greeley. The father lived in Cleveland for fifty-six years and was a man widely known in business circles of the city. Previous to the reorganization and extension of the Big Four Railroad he was employed as car inspector. He was also actively concerned in the construction of the Panama Railway in Central America. In his latter years he held the position as president of the Greeley Brothers Company, contractors. Harvey D. Greeley was married on Christmas day, 1861, to Miss Ellen Hovey, of Leroy, Ohio. Three children were born to them: Mary E., Horace E., and Alton H., the subject of the sketch. The father died in Cleveland, August 13, 1900, at the age of seventy, his birth having occurred at Massena Point, New York, February 7, 1831. Mr. Greeley's mother was a daughter of Philetus and Aurelia (House) Hovey. The former was born in Leroy, Ohio, in 1808 and lived there for many years. Here in 1834 Mr. Greeley's mother was born and here received her education, numbering among her schoolmates, James A. Garfield. The Hovey family removed to Cleveland in 1852, and here the father's death occurred in 1881.   Mr. Greeley was born in Cleveland, December 1, 1871, and was here a student in the public schools until the age of nineteen. About this time he accompanied his father to California, where they remained for some time. Upon his return to Cleveland, the young man brought into existence a new concern which was called The Greeley Brothers Company.   In 1902 Mr. Greeley formed and became general manager of The General Cartage & Storage Company, including in the organization The Greeley Brothers Company. The present company now have a ninety-nine years lease on the site at No. 1111 Superior Viaduct, where John D. Rockefeller first started in business. Plans are now being prepared for the erection on this site of one of the largest storage warehouses in the world. The growth of this company has been remarkable, the company now own one hundred and fifty wagons.   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 721   have three warehouses covering over five acres of floor space and employ one hundred men.   Mr. Greeley is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the American Warehousemen's Association, and several other civic organizations. He is a republican in politics and a member of the Presbyterian church. He has a wholesome fondness for all outdoor sports and is one of Cleveland's automobile enthusiasts, having the enviable ability to extend his interests far beyond the business field in which he has been so eminently successful. Mr. Greeley has one son, Alton H., Jr., born June 22, 1896, who is now a student at Shaw Academy, being captain of the football and baseball teams.   FREDERICK THOMAS SHOLES.   Frederick Thomas Sholes, secretary and treasurer of the Continental Sugar Company, and associated with various other corporate interests which have profited by his judgment and wise counsel, was born in Buffalo, New York, September 2, 1857. His parents were Thomas G. and Harriet (Estee) Sholes, both of whom were natives of New England and representatives of ancestors who served m the Revolutionary war. They removed from Buffalo to Cleveland in 1859 and this son was sent as a pupil to the public schools, continuing his studies through successive grades until he left high school to become a clerk in his father's shoe business. He was thus employed for two years and in September, 1876, became office boy with the Marsh-Harwood Company. He continued with that house and its successor for twenty-four years and the diligence which he manifested and the aptitude which he displayed in mastering the duties entrusted to him, led to his promotion from time to time, his connection with the business covering service as bookkeeper, cashier and auditor. In 1887 the business of the Marsh-Harwood Company and that of other enterprises of the city were absorbed by The Grasselli Chemical Company, of which Mr. Sholes became auditor. He remained with that corporation until 1900, when he resigned to become secretary and treasurer of the Continental Sugar Company of Cleveland, with factories at Fremont, Ohio, and Blissfield, Michigan. This company is engaged in the manufacture of beet sugar and its business is now of an extensive and important character, the Cleveland office controlling the large sales of the products of the two manufacturing plants. Mr. Sholes' long and varied experience in commercial lines has well fitted him for the onerous duties which devolve upon him as he bends his energies toward the expansion of the trade and the control of the interests of the company. He is likewise a director and stockholder in the Bishop & Babcock Company, the Cleveland Faucet Company, the Lennox Chemical Company, the Buckeye Land Company, the Defiance Sugar Company, and other corporations.   On the 28th of September, 1902, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Shales and Miss Helen Gertrude Ranney, a daughter of the Hon. Henry C. Ranney, and their family now numbers four children: Kathrine, Helen Ranney, Mary Gertrude and Frederick Thomas, Jr.   In his political views Mr. Sholes is a republican but never seeks preferment along political lines. He has been very prominent in club, fraternal and social circles of the city, holding membership in Tyrian Lodge, No. 340, F. & A. M.; Cleveland Chapter, R. A. M.; Cleveland Council, R. & S. M.; and Holyrood Commandery, K. T.; while in the Scottish Rite he has atttained the thirty- second degree of the consistory. He is an enthusiastic motorist and was president of the Cleveland Automobile Club for three years. He organized and became the first president of the Ohio State Automobile Association, was chair-   722 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   man of its executive committee and is a trustee of the club. He was also chairman of the auto committee of the Citizens Committee of One Hundred of Cleveland. He was vice president and lieutenant of the Cleveland Bicycle Club and later its captain, when the bicycle first appeared in Cleveland and he belongs to the Church Club and Union Club. He holds membership m St. Paul's Episcopal church and has been prominent in musical circles of the city for many years, acting as baritone in St. Paul's Episcopal church until quite recently and remains chairman of its music committee at the present time. His interests are varied, and his social qualities have made him popular in the various organizations with which he is associated.   M. D. LUEHRS.   M. D. Luehrs was born on the island of Helgoland in the year 1848. At the age of six, he came with his parents to America and settled in Cleveland. He attended the public schools until he was fourteen years old. He then entered the employ of the Globe Iron Works as a machinist apprentice. After learning his trade he was engaged by the firm of Bourne, Damon & Knowles, where his ability and fidelity were recognized by his successive promotions until he became foreman. Later he was connected with the National Bolt Cutter Company as superintendent, and then with the Novelty Iron Works in the same. capacity. While here, he conceived the ideas of a screw swaging machine and a bolt cutter.   In 1884 Mr. Luehrs, Mr. Greve and Mr. Bruch entered into the partnership known as the Acme Machinery Company, which manufactured his patents. His inventive genius as well as executive ability and administrative force were important elements in the prosperity of the concern, and he became recognized as one of the prominent representatives of industrial and mechanical interests in Cleveland. Besides being an inventor Mr. Luehrs spent much of his leisure time with his microscope and camera, possessing an exceptionally fine collection of microscopical slides and photographs which he had himself prepared.   In 1870 Mr. Luehrs married Catherine H. H. Cassebohm, who together with four of their five children, Phoebe, Daniel, Nellie and Fannie, survived him at the time of his death, which occurred June 15, 1896.   Mr. Luehrs was prominent in Masonry, belonging to Forest City Lodge, F. & A. M.; Thatcher Chapter, R. A. M.; and to Oriental Commandery, K. T. He was in sympathy with the beneficent spirit of the craft, believing in the principle of charity, mutual helpfulness, forbearance and kindliness, upon which it is founded. As a citizen he was public spirited and his cooperation with many movements for the general good was the tangible proof of his interest in the welfare and upbuilding of Cleveland.   PAUL SYLLA.   Paul Sylla, who since 1896 has been the owner of the firm of Sylla Bottling Company, is one of America's adopted citizens who has succeeded by his own efforts in establishing himself desirably in the business world. He was born in East Prussia, Germany, m 1849 and was educated first in private schools and then in a German gymnasium from which he was graduated in 1869. Coming to this country soon after the completion of his education, he held clerical positions with various concerns for the next ten years. His connection m 1879 with the Bartholomay Brewery Company of Rochester, New York, proved to have important bearing on his subsequent career. His employers, recognizing his ability, transferred him in 1890 to Cleveland to manage their branch office and bottling   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 725   works in that city, after the bottling department of the brewery in Rochester since its start had been under his direction. In 1896 he took entire surveillance of the Cleveland business which he named the Sylla Bottling Company. Mr. Sylla also manufactures mineral waters and carbonated beverages of various kinds, giving fifteen men employment and running five wagons.   In 1879 Mr. Sylla married Miss Antonia Renner, his faithful life companion now for more than thirty years. In evidence of his popularity among his fellowmen are his affiliations and the posts of honor which have been bestowed upon him. Among the latter may be mentioned his three years' presidency of the Cleveland Gesang Verein, the presidency of the Bottlers Association of the state of Ohio, and the secretaryship of the Cleveland Bottlers Company. He is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner, and a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is a loyal supporter of the democratic party, and belongs to the Evangelical Lutheran church. In his social and business relations alike, Mr. Sylla plays a happy role, and he may well be counted among the city's representative men.   WILLIAM E. CUSHING.   William E. Cushing is the senior partner of the firm of Cushing, Siddall & Palmer, attorneys at law, of Cleveland. He was born in this city, September 23, 1853, a son of Dr. H. K. Cushing, one of the old-time physicians here, and a grandson of Dr. Erastus Cushing who also practiced medicine in this city at an early day, bringing his family to Cleveland during the early boyhood of Dr. H. K. Cushing.   William E. Cushing attended the Cleveland public schools, and the Western Reserve College, from which he was graduated B.A. in 1875. He is a Bachelor of Law graduate of Harvard of 1878. Admitted to the bar in that year he began practice as a member of the firm of Terrell, Beach & Cushing, afterward with the firm of Williamson, Cushing & Clarke, and is now senior partner of the firm of Cushing, Siddall & Palmer, devoting his attention to general law practice yet specializing to some extent in corporation law.   Mr. Cushing served for some years as a member of the Ohio state board of commissioners on uniform legislation ; has been secretary of the board of trustees of University School since its organization ; and is a trustee of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University. He belongs to the Cleveland, Ohio, and American Bar Associations, the Chamber of Commerce and the Union Club. On the 4th of June, 1884, he was married in Pittsfield, Massachusetts, to Miss Carolyn J., daughter of the Hon. Ensign H. Kellogg of that city.   M. E. RUSSELL.   M. E. Russell, treasurer of the Euclid Avenue Lumber Company of Cleveland, is numbered among the men who have borne their part in the development of this city's interests and the advancement of its material prosperity. He was born in Brimfield, Portage county, Ohio, July 15, 1858, a son of Edward A. and Anna (Fury) Russell. The Russell family was established in Ohio in 1828 by members from New York state. During a useful life, the father followed farming. He is still living at age of ninety-two but the mother died in 1884 at the age of sixty-three years.   After receiving a common-school education, M. E. Russell engaged with Day & Williams, glass manufacturers at Kent, Ohio, remaining with that firm five years as bookkeeper. In 1888 he came to Cleveland to take the position of book-   726 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   keeper with the Sherwin-Williams Company, paint manufacturers, but in 1890 he left them to engage with the A. Teachout Sash & Door Company as salesman. Although this was his first experience in the lumber business, he succeeded and remained with the firm for five years. In 1895 Mr. Russell went to the northern part of Michigan to act as cashier for an iron mining company and continued in that place for seven years. Coming back to Cleveland in 1899, he bought an interest in the Euclid Lumber Company and the following year was elected treasurer, which position he still holds. The business is in a most prosperous condition, its sales for 1908 aggregating about two hundred and fifty thousand dollars.   In 1892 Mr. Russell married Carrie McConnell of Uniontown, Stark county, Ohio, a daughter of Dr. William and Sevilla (Royer) McConnell, whose forebears were from Lockport, Pennsylvania. One daughter has been born of this marriage, Dorothy Bell, aged eight years.   Mr. Russell is a Mason, belonging to McKinley Chapter of this city. He and his wife are members of the Cleveland Heights- Presbyterian church and are charitable, giving of their means as they deem most suitable. Mr. Russell is extremely fond of fishing, and each year takes a short vacation in order to indulge in his favorite sport. The family are very comfortably located at No. 5 Hampshire Road, Cleveland Heights. No man could make the success of his life that Mr. Russell has without possessing in marked degree those qualities that are necessary to advancement. He has never hesitated because of difficulties but striven to do his full duty and to make each effort count for something. In this way, steadily but surely, he has risen, and his prosperity is certainly well merited.   DUDLEY C. TRUE.   It has been said that death loves a shining mark, which statement finds verification in the fact that Dudley C. True was called to his final rest on the 13th of April, 1908, when a young man of but thirty-seven years. He had been very active in the affairs of the city and in the practice of law had gained recognition that placed him with the eminent representatives of the Cleveland bar. His birth occurred in Jackson, Michigan, in September, 1870, his parents being Alva G. and Helen (Nolton) True. The father was engaged for a long period in mercantile pursuits in Michigan and the mother is still living in Jackson, that state.   After completing his literary education Dudley C. True entered upon preparation for the practice of law and was graduated from the law school of the State. University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, on the completion of the regular course, with the class of 1895. In August of the same year he came to Cleveland, having made choice of this city as the scene of his future labors. Here he opened an office and entered upon the practice of law, giving his attention to the general work of the profession. He was afterward appointed solicitor of Lakewood and devoted much attention to municipal law. He always kept well versed on all branches of the science of jurisprudence, however, and his application of legal principles was correct and exact. He manifested strong power in the analysis of his cases and of the remodeling of the chief points in evidence, and never for a moment in the presentation of a cause did he lose sight of the principal point upon which the decision of every case finally turns. Mr. True also figured prominently in political circles and at one time was candidate for representative on the republican ticket but in that year the entire ticket was defeated. He was elected a delegate to the national republican convention when Theodore Roosevelt was nominated for the presidency and Mrs. True accompanied him to the convention.   It was in Columbus that Mr. True was united in marriage to Mrs. Luna E. (Whitney) Hall, the widow of Frederick Hall. The latter was a son of Curtis Hall, who belonged to one of the very early families on the west side of Cleveland. They owned a large tract of land in Lakewood and were farming people of this   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 729   locality for many years but with the growth of the city they later divided the land into building lots and laid out streets, one of which was called Hall avenue in their honor. Curtis Hall was one of the very active and influential men in the development of Lakewood, his enterprise contributing largely to the growth and progress of that portion of the city. By her former marriage Mrs. True had two children, Clifton A. and Lucy P. Hall. There were no children born of the second marriage but Mr. True manifested the utmost love and devotion to his wife's children and they regarded him as a father.   For about two years prior to his death, Mr. and Mrs. True spent most of their time in travel for the benefit of his health, but to no avail. He was well known in fraternal circles as a Royal Arch Mason and also as a member of the Knights of Pythias lodge. He was very active in the affairs of the city and also extremely charitable, giving freely of his means to the poor and needy and for the support of benevolent objects. He built a home on Detroit avenue, which his widow now occupies and they made it the abode of a generous and cordial hospitality. Mr. True was very popular with many friends, having those social qualities which everywhere command respect and admiration and win warm personal regard. Moreover, he was regarded as one of the brilliant and rising young lawyers of the city and his death brought a sense of personal bereavement to the great majority of those who knew him. He was public-spirited in his citizenship, faithful in all professional relations, loyal in friendship and most devoted to his family. His many sterling traits of character will cause his name to be honored and his memory cherished for years to come.   WILLIAM JUDD MAY.   William Judd May, who was widely known at one time as an editorial writer but spent his last years in the service of the Isthmus State Road Company, his death occurring on the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, was a native of Cherry Valley, New York. His father, Thomas Payne May, also came from Cherry Valley and established his home in Ohio at a very early day. Believing that Cleveland offered good advantages and gave promise of rapid future growth, he settled here and bought out the mercantile enterprise of Elisha L. Taylor. The wisdom of his judgment was soon manifest in the success which attended his efforts and he not only conducted this store along profitable lines but also became proprietor of branch stores in Akron and in Canton, Ohio. A man of marked business discernment, his plans were carefully formulated and with resolute spirit he carried them forward to completion. He continued a resident of Cleveland throughout his remaining clays, attaining to a position of marked prominence in commercial and business circles. He was preeminently a man of affairs and one who wielded a wide and beneficial influence. Purchasing property at Erie and Superior streets, he built what in those days was considered one of the mansions of Cleveland and there he continued to reside until called to the home beyond. He was a very public-spirited man, cooperating in every movement for the general good and his activity was not only unceasing but was far-reaching and beneficial. After his death his wife and the family sold a portion of the old home property to Father Rappe and the cathedral now occupies that site. The site of the old homestead was bought by the city during William Case's administration.   Mrs. Thomas P. May bore the maiden name of Jeanette Judd and was a native of Connecticut but lived in Cleveland for many years after her husband's death. They were the parents of four children : William J., Mrs. Helen May Horton, George and Catherine. Of this family William J. May became well known by reason of the intellectual force and keen discernment which naturally made him a leader of public thought and action. Although born in the Empire state he was but a young lad when he accompanied his parents on their removal   730 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   to Cleveland and after attaining his majority he was for several years associated with the editorial conduct of the Herald. He edited the Morning Herald for some time and in 1855 established the Daily Calendar. He was a writer of unusual force, whose mind was acute while, his wit was ever genial and sparkling. He had a most entertaining way of presenting his thoughts and his reasoning was logical, his deductions clear cut.   In 1849 William I. May, was united in marriage in Cleveland to Miss Eva E. Ferrell, a daughter of Isaac Vrooman Ferrell, who came from Schenectady, New York, to Cuyahoga county and bought a tract of land. He retained possession of that place only for about eighteen months, however, when because of impaired eyesight he sold it. Later he purchased a fruit farm at Dover and thereon spent the remainder of his days. He greatly enjoyed outdoor life and was always happy when driving his team over the country and viewing the landscape. The tract. of land which he purchased in this county he sold to thrifty German people who located here at an early day. It was in this locality that he reared his family which included Mrs. May, who by her marriage became the mother of three daughters: Nellie C.; Jeanette, who is the wife of F. S. Barnum; and Eva Catherine.   William J. May was yet a young man when he entered the service of the Isthmus State Road Company and went to the isthmus of Tehuantepec. While there he was attacked by brain fever and died on the isthmus on the 9th of February, 1857, when but thirty-three years of age. There was no truer friend nor none more self-sacrificing than Mr. May. Those with whom lie was associated could command him to the full extent of his ability and resources, for with him friendship was no mere idle word. It stood for that high regard and kindly spirit which finds manifestation in acts of helpfulness and accommodation and moreover his record proved the truth of the Emersonian philosophy that "the way to win a friend is to be one." A man of more than ordinary ability, endowed by nature with rich mental capacities, he left the impress of his individuality upon the lives of those with whom he came in contact and his memory is yet cherished among the earlier residents of Cleveland.   LOUIS E: ELWOOD.   Louis E. Elwood, who has risen through various grades of business experience to his present responsible position of sales manager for the American Agricultural Chemical Company, is one of the successful men of Cleveland and well worthy a place in a record of this nature. He was born in Greens Farms, Fairfield county, Connecticut, February 17, 1863, a son of John B. and Mary Elwood, who were natives of the same place, where the father was born in 1821, and the mother in 1826. A farmer, vessel owner and sea captain, John B. Elwood spent a busy life, returning to his estate, where he spent his declining years.   After receiving a public-school education at Greens Farms and remaining there until 1879, Louis E. Elwood began farming for himself and was thus engaged until 1884. In that year he embarked in a grocery business at Bridgeport, Connecticut, but within two years he became interested in the subject of fertilizers, his long experience in agricultural work making him cognizant of its importance, and he associated himself with the Bradley Fertilizer Company. The following year he came to Cleveland and made this city his headquarters while traveling for the company. Business so increased that at the end of five years Mr. Elwood opened a local office in the Society for Savings building in 1892. In 1900 the firm name was changed to the present one and he was placed in charge of the sales department. Since then he has justified the confidence reposed in him and proven an important factor in building up a very extensive trade, the largest of its kind in the country.   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 731   On December 6, 1888, Mr. Elwood was married to Anne 0. Olmstead, a daughter of William H. Olmstead, a shirt manufacturer of New York. Mr. and Mrs. Elwood have one son, Spencer, now fifteen years of age, who is attending the Froebel private school. The family residence is at 1614 Hazel Drive.   Mr. Elwood has been a member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational church ever since locating permanently in Cleveland. In politics he is a republican. He is a charter member of the Colonial Club and also belongs to the Cleveland Commercial Travelers Association. Motoring is his principal recreation. The survival of the fittest is one of the laws of business as well as nature. Those men who possess the brains and executive ability forge to the front and make a success of whatever they undertake. They understand how to manage their concerns so as to have their various details dovetail and to keep everything running swiftly and smoothly, and thus it is that they are accorded an honored place among the men who accomplish real results.   JAMES L. MAULDIN.   Of that class of citizens upon which Cleveland's security is founded is James L. Mauldin, for the past fourteen years president of the Cleveland Armature Works. Mr. Mauldin was born on a beautiful farm of four hundred acres overlooking the Chesapeake bay near Perryville, Cecil county, Maryland, May 9, 1865, and is the son of John and Emily Mauldin. He is a thorough American, of excellent stock, his ancestors for many years playing an important part in the affairs of Maryland. His great-grandfather, Benjamin Mauldin, was born in Wales and, cognizant of the marvelous possibilities of the new nation, came across the seas. He settled at Turkey Point, Maryland, and came into possession of an enormous tract of land, some twelve thousand acres in extent. There he spent the rest of his life in clearing and tilling his land. Mr. Mauldin's grandfather and father, John Mauldin, were born on this estate. The latter, tiring of the labors of farm life, went to Baltimore, Maryland, where starting as a clerk in a wholesale dry- goods house he soon rose in position and confidence of his employers and when the gold fever broke out was entrusted with a cargo of merchandise which was loaded on a ship named Jane Parker and after a sail of months by the way of Cape Horn lie landed his cargo at Venicia, California. He quickly sold his merchandise and returning he paid for the cargo of goods. With his share of the profits he purchased a beautiful farm of four hundred acres overlooking the Chesapeake bay. During his life he held several important offices, such as school commissioner and county commissioner, and it was during his incumbency that the first iron bridges were built in Cecil county, Maryland. He was the father of a family of fourteen children, six of whom are living.   Mr. Mauldin received his education up to his seventeenth year in various public and private schools and then, entering the Port Deposit high school, was graduated at the age of nineteen. His first tilt with the world of affairs was as chief clerk in a general mercantile store at Port Deposit, Maryland, which position he held for two years. Desiring a more metropolitan life he went to Baltimore, where for a year he acted as bookkeeper for J. W. Esler & Company, and followed this with another clerical experience of a year's duration with Rollson Brothers, wholesale grocers.   Mr. Mauldin was then engaged as bookkeeper by Parks & Company, fertil- rzer manufacturers, and when they were incorporated as The Parks Guano Company, his merit received recognition by his appointment as secretary and treasurer of the concern. The Parks Guano Company was very successful for several years. They sold their products to farmers, taking their notes for twelve months, but after a succession of three bad seasons, the farmers being unable to meet their notes, the company was forced to suspend business. Mr. Mauldin then   732 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   borrowed one hundred and fifty dollars from a friend to enable him to bring his wife and child to Cleveland. He arrived an entire stranger but was undaunted by past regret or future doubt. Soon after arriving he took a position with the Drake Coal Company, afterward becoming chief clerk of the Johnson Company under Albert L. Johnson. Not of the type to be long satisfied in a subordinate capacity, he organized the Eastern Electrical Equipment Company, which for three years he conducted as a brokerage electrical firm. This was subsequently changed to the Cleveland Armature Works, of which he has for fourteen years been president and treasurer. In addition to this he is treasurer of the Electric Meat Curing Company, being the originator of the idea of adapting electricity to the curing of meats.   Mr. Mauldin was married in Baltimore, in April, 1888, to Miss Mary J. Dodd, and they have a family of six children: Emily L., a graduate of the Glenville high school ; Katherine, also a student, who has decided musical tendencies ; Dodd, Ruth and Henriette, who are attending the Columbia public school ; and James L., Jr., but four years of age. Their home at 690 Lakeview Road is one of the most beautiful in Cleveland. It is set in the midst of spacious grounds, and its lawns are a triumph of the landscape gardener's art.   Mr. Mauldin is a Mason, holding membership m Woodward Lodge. He is also connected with the Commercial Travelers Club and the National Union and is independent in politics. He and his family attend the Methodist church. A lover of outdoor life, he spends all available time hunting and fishing and is a tennis devotee. He is a self-made man in a sense and holds an enviable position in the city's commercial life, but better yet, his many gifts of mind and heart have gained him a host of friends, with whom he delights in sharing the unusual pleasures of his home.   JOHN A. FOERSTNER.   John A. Foerstner, secretary and treasurer of the J. H. Somers Company, was born in Cleveland, September 20, 1869. His father, Christian C. Foerstner, was a native of Wurtemberg, Germany, born September 11, 1845. He came to America in 1868, when about twenty-three years of age, settling in Cleveland, where he engaged in the retail coal business. He was identified with the coal trade up to the time of his retirement and in his operations in that department of business activity met with substantial success. He wedded Antoinette Diesen, also a native of Wurtemberg. She survives her husband and is now residing in Cleveland.   Reared in this city, John A. Foerstner was educated in St. Stephen's parochial school and when his school days were over he, too, became connected with the coal trade in 1881 as office boy with the firm of Lindsley & Company. He applied himself diligently to the mastery of the tasks that were assigned him and passed through various promotions to the position of bookkeeper, office manager and later to that of secretary of the company. In 1890 he became connected with the Huntington Coal Company and the Cisco Mining Company, being elected secretary of both corporations. In 1894 he became connected with the J. H. Somers Company and was chosen its secretary and treasurer. He is connected both financially and officially with various local corporations which are elements in the city's growth and its commercial progress. He is likewise the secretary, treasurer and director of the Roby Coal Company, is secretary and treasurer of the Somers Mining Company and secretary and treasurer of the Massillon Elm Run Coal Company.   On the 25th of January, 1892, Mr. Foerstner was married to Miss Mary L. Wiemals, a daughter of William and Johanna Wiemals, of Cleveland. Unto them have been born the following children : John C., Stephen J., Rose, Ruth and Victoria. All are with their parents at the pleasant family residence at No.   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 735   7615 Colgate avenue. Mrs. Foerstner is active in church and social circles, presiding with gracious hospitality over her pleasant home and also aiding in the organized work for the moral development of the community. Mr. Foerstner is a republican in politics where state and national issues are involved but casts an independent local ballot. He holds membership in St. Stephen's Catholic church and is acting as a member of its board of trustees. He likewise belongs to the Credit Men's Association of Cleveland and the Cleveland Athletic Club. His favorite pastimes are hunting and fishing and he is also fond of all outdoor athletics. A man of quiet tastes, he is devoted to his home and family and enjoys the high esteem of all with whom he has been brought in contact by reason of his upright, honorable life. In business he is thoroughly reliable and his record indicates what may be accomplished through determined and earnest purpose, for, starting out in the humble capacity of office boy, he is now occupying a prominent position as secretary and treasurer of the J. H. Somers Company.   ALFRED B. JENNE.   Alfred B. Jenne, who chose gardening as his life vocation and through his enterprise and diligence won a creditable measure of success, was born November 16, 1822, in Utica, New York, and died on the 15th of April, 1899. His parents were Ansel and Elizabeth (Brown) Jenne, who removed from Utica to Cleveland about 1826. The father was a farmer by occupation and remained in Cuyahoga county for a brief period, after which he went to Warrensville, Ohio, where he purchased and cultivated a tract of land.   Alfred B. Jenne, brought to Ohio in his fourth year, attended school in Warrensville and Euclid to the age of sixteen years, when he put aside his text-books and began providing for his own support by working out among farmers for a few years. He then went to Berlin Heights, Erie county, Ohio, where he continued for ten years, devoting his attention to general agricultural pursuits. He next removed to Amherst, Ohio, where he purchased a farm, which he continued to cultivate for eight or ten years, and then sold that property, after which he went to Wood county, Ohio. He did not long remain in that locality but returned to Amherst and in 1872 took up his abode at Collinwood, a suburb of Cleveland, where he purchased land and gave his attention to gardening. His entire life was devoted to tilling the soil, either in the cultivation of the cereals best adapted to climatic conditions in Ohio or to the cultivation of garden products. He was diligent, persistent and determined and these qualities brought him a measure of success which was both creditable and gratifying.   On the 24th of March, 1846, Mr. Jenne was united in marriage to Miss Isabel Mcllrath, a daughter of Thomas and Jerusha (Brainard) Mcllrath. The father removed from New Jersey to Washington county, Pennsylvania, and thence to Cleveland in 1803. accompanying his parents, who were pioneer settlers of this part of the state. The mother came from Connecticut with her parents in 1828. The Mcllrath family had its origin m the north of Ireland, the ancestral home being in County Antrim. Representatives of the name on corning to America in 1714 settled in Pennsylvania, becoming residents of Washington county, that state, in 1790, and in 1803 came to Cleveland, which was at that time a hamlet containing only four or five families. Andrew McIlrath, the grandfather, purchased a tract of land from Jedediah Crocker and some of his descendants still reside thereon. He gave the land on which was built the first Presbyterian church in East Cleveland, then called. Collamer, in 1807, and he was one of the fourteen original members who organized the church. Both the Mcllrath and Jenne families were represented here in early pioneer times and they left their impress upon the growth and development of this portion of the state. Mrs. Jenne was born in Cleveland, December 18, 1828,   736 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   and died November 23, 1909. She was a member of the Early Settlers Association. Few residents of Cleveland were more familiar with its history, for although absent for brief periods Mrs. Jenne was practically connected with this city for nearly eighty-two years. By her marriage she became the mother of seven children : Clara, the wife of Sterling Wing; Augusta, the wife of George Kuder ; Theodore ; Adelbert, deceased ; John C.; Mrs. Lydia Kuder and Charles W., both of whom are now deceased.   The death of the husband and father occurred April 15, 1899, when he was in the seventy-seventh year of his age. He was always a public-spirited citizen and while living in Wood county served as justice of the peace for three years. He was also assessor in East Cleveland and Collinwood for twenty years and had been elected for the twenty-first term when called to his final rest. His political allegiance was given to the republican party. He was a well known and prominent citizen, good hearted and generous, and those who knew him well could count at all times upon his friendship and be sure of his kindly spirit. He lived to see remarkable changes in Cleveland from the time when he came with his parents to this city more than eight decades ago. The little village by the lake, with limited industrial, commercial and shipping interests, has since developed into a city of metropolitan proportions, and at all times Mr. Jenne rejoiced in what was being accomplished as the work of modern progress wrought its wonderful transformation.   GEORGE C. WRIGHT.   In the list of notable men who have directed their efforts toward securing a commercial supremacy for Cleveland, certain names stand forth conspicuously prominent by reason of what they have accomplished and their manner of securing results. George C. Wright, president and general manager of The Diamond Show Case Company, belongs to this class of men and his standing and that of his company is unquestioned.   Mr. Wright was born in Port Huron, Michigan, August 24, 1869, a son of Reason and Minerva (Spaulding) Wright. The father, who was born in Michigan and died in 1873, was a mason contractor. During the Civil war he served in Company A, Fourth Michigan Cavalry as sergeant. This was the company that captured Jefferson Davis, and Mr. Wright was with it until the close of the conflict. His wife was born in 1833 in Rochester, New York, but went to Port Huron, Michigan, where she was married. She still survives her husband and is living at the old home in Port Huron. Her father, Jedediah Spaulding, was born in Norwich, Vermont, September 7, 1797, and died June 23, 1864. He was married in Canada West, November 29, 1821, to Sallie Tolman, who died May 7, 1836, in Pendleton, New York, at the age of thirty-five years, five months and twenty-two days.   George C. Wright secured a common-school education and early began earning his own living in various shops. When only eighteen years of age he came to Cleveland, obtaining employment as a glazier with the Van Cleveland Glass Company. He continued with them until the present name was adopted with the exception of a few years when working for other firms in the same line. Beginning at the very bottom, Mr. Wright has worked up through the various grades of promotion until he is now president and general manager, securing this distinctive honor through individual effort. In the spring of 1903, the company became the Diamond Glass Company. In 1wo Mr. Wright had patented all the devices manufactured by the old concern, including the glass show cases, glass shelves and electric lighting appliances under the name of the Show Case Company and was placed in charge of this important department. On August 24, 1906, the company was incorporated as the Diamond Showcase Company   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 737   with Mr. Wright in his present official position. Their trade extends over the entire country, and its remarkable growth is almost entirely due to his efforts. All of the manufacturing is done in Cleveland, and he designs all the work himself. Every day shows an increase in territory, and he has many new plans for the near future.   On September 5, 1888, Mr, Wright married Salina Berleyet, who was born in Port Huron, Michigan, and they have three children : Robert A., born February 25, 1890, who is associated with his father in business and is a remarkably bright young man ; Minerva B., born October 31, 1891, who is attending a convent and is making a specialty of music ; and George N., born August 17, 1902.   Mr. Wright belongs to the Knights of Columbus and several smaller organizations. His religious affiliations are with St. Colman's Catholic church. While exceedingly liberal in politics, he usually supports the republican party. The life and efforts of Mr. Wright point a moral that cannot be disregarded. Commencing with a large concern as a workman, without either money or influence through sheer ability and continued effort intelligently directed along legitimate channels, he has steadily risen to the head of a company made successful by him. Recently he purchased a half interest in the Lorain & Clark Avenue Garage, located on the corner of Lorain and Clark avenues, where they have their salesroom, livery and storage, and they also do a general line of repairing. In addition to his city residence, Mr. Wright has a beautiful summer home—Rosalmingo--at Keewahdin Beach, Port Huron, Michigan,   SETH ALDEN ABBEY.   Going back to the picturesque times of the early days when Cleveland was a village upon the western frontier and when the seeds of civilization and development were just being planted in this part of the state, we find that Seth Alden Abbey figured prominently in the life of the community and did not a little to promote public thought and shape the public policy. He came from Delaware county, New York, where he was born October 3, 1798, Here he remained until his death, which occurred March 15, 1880, when he was eighty- two years of age. He was a descendant of John Alden of the Mayflower. In early life he made his way westward to Cleveland, arriving in this city when it had little importance as a shipping port and practically no commercial or industrial standing. However, there were some men foresighted enough to see the natural advantages of the place and were active in the building of a city on the lake shore where a natural harbor was to be found. Mr. Abbey was the first constable and first sheriff of Cuyahoga county and lived in the old log jail and also in the courthouse on the square. He likewise did official service as police judge during three terms and he was a valiant defender of the Union cause throughout the Civil war, holding the rank of colonel in a regiment of cavalry. He was a man absolutely fearless in the face of danger when duty called and during his service as sheriff he became a menace to all those who had no regard for law or order,   Mr. Abbey's old home was located on the Huron road where the Market house now stands and he was one of the most prominent and respected men of his time, very active in the affairs of the city and in promoting municipal progress. In politics he was always a thoroughgoing republican from the organization of the party and was a great reader, keeping well informed on the questions and issues of the day, political and otherwise. While he figured prominently, however, in public life, he was also a man of domestic tastes who found great pleasure at his own fireside. On the 8th of February, 1821, at Watertown, New York, he wedded Mercy Hunt, and they became the parents of eight chil-   738 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   dren, of whom one is living, Mrs. Frances Freeman, of Orange, New Jersey. Later Mr. Abbey wedded Mrs. Mary (Lyon) Goodwin, the widow of William Goodwin. She came to Ohio with her father, Liakin Lyon, making the journey with an ox-team in her girlhood days. The family home was established at Strongsville, where Mr. Lyon followed farming.   There was only one child by the second marriage of Mr. Abbey—Minnie, now the widow of C. A. Prentice. Mr. Prentice was a son of Dr. Noyes B. Prentice, of whom extended mention is made on another page of this work. Charles A. Prentice was born in Canfield, Ohio, in 1854, was educated in Cleveland and at a college in Cincinnati. He afterward served as deputy United States marshal under his father and subsequently removed to Mentor, Ohioo settling on a stock farm, where he was very extensively engaged in stock-raising for some years. He married Miss Minnie Abbey, October 7, 1879, and they had one son, Noyes B., who was educated at the Western Reserve College. The husband and father died September 19, 1895. He left his family the priceless heritage of a good name as well as a comfortable competence, which he had obtained through practically directed business affairs, close application to business and the wise employment of the opportunities and advantages which had come to him.   STILES HENRY CURTISS.   The life record of Stiles H. Curtiss covered little more than a half century and yet in that period he accomplished much that conserved the best interests of the city, his business affairs contributing to its commercial enterprise, while his labors in other directions were found as a substantial factor in promoting intellectual and moral upbuilding, charitable work and municipal progress. In pioneer times the Curtiss family was established in Ohio, Charles and Mary (Gleeson) Curtiss, the parents of our subject, becoming prominent in the early period of the development of Summit county. The former was a native of Connecticut, while the mother's birth occurred in the state of New York. In 1840 Charles Curtiss arrived in Ohio and took up his residence in Summit county, where his energy, ability and public spirit brought him to a position of prominence. He was widely recognized as a man of sterling worth and integrity and his fellow townsmen felt deep regret at his loss when in 1860 he removed to Cleveland. In the latter city he engaged in business with S. C. Smith, under the firm name of Smith & Curtiss, wholesale dealers in coffees, teas and spices, developing an extensive enterprise and winning a position of distinction among the business men of this county. He was connected with the Summit county branch of the State Bank of Ohio and also the National Bank and no man occupied a more honorable or enviable position in mercantile or financial circles. The enterprise which he established here flourished as the years passed by and he continued at the head of the business until his demise, when it passed into the hands of his son. His religious faith prompted his membership in the Presbyterian church and while he conducted a successful business, at the same time he was concerned in the deeper experiences of life and interested in those questions bearing upon the uplifting of humanity. His death occurred December 27, 1872, when he was sixty-five years of age. His wife's parents, Moses and Polly Gleeson, were prominent among the early pioneers of Cuyahoga county.   Stiles H. Curtiss was born in Peninsula, Summit county, Ohio, May 27, 1846, and was therefore a lad of fourteen years at the time the family home was established in Cleveland. He supplemented his public-school course by study in the Western Reserve College, from which he was graduated with the class of 1867. He then took up the study of law, reading under the direction of the firm of Prentiss & Baldwin, well known attorneys of this city. In 1869 he was admitted to the bar and engaged in practice until 1872, when upon the death of his father   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 741   he succeeded to his commercial interests and, although trained for a professional career, displayed marked capability and excellent management in controlling his business affairs. Mr. Curtiss manifested an intelligent appreciation of every opportunity, which he used to the best advantage, and his enterprise brought him a measure of success that was most satisfactory. Aside from his wholesale house he had important financial interests and was one of the directors of the State National Bank and also of the Citizens' Savings & Loan Association.   On the 30th of September, 1875, Mr. Curtiss was married to Miss Lucia M. Stair, a daughter of Edwin and Marcia L. Stair, of Cleveland. The marriage of Mr. and Mrs. Curtiss was blessed with four children: Charles Edwin, Henry Stiles, Edwin Stair and Anna Marcia. Mr. Curtiss was an early and very active member of the Rowfant Club and also one of the pioneer members of the University Club. A book lover and great reader, he spent many hours most pleasantly in his library. The death of Mr. Curtiss occurred April 15, 1899, and thus there passed from the stage of earthly activities one who had played well his part, measuring up to the full standard of honorable manhood, recognizing and fully meeting the purposes of life. He served for some time as a trustee of the Second Presbyterian church, was interested in its various activities, cooperated in its movements and contributed to its support. As he prospered in his undertakings, success followed his intelligently directed efforts, he gave freely of his means to benevolent purposes but was ever quiet and unostentatious m his charity, which was the manifestation of a sincere and abiding interest in and sympathy for his fellowmen.   CRISPIN OGLEBAY.   Crispin Oglebay, president of the Ferro Machine & Foundry Company, is one of Cleveland's younger generation who by force of native ability has already secured his right to the title of captain of mdustry. He was born in 1876 in Wheeling, West Virginia, and in 1880, when but four years of age, removed with his parents to Kansas City, Missouri. He received his early education in the common schools of that city and was then sent to St. Paul's school in Concord, New Hampshire, from which he was graduated with the class of 1896. In the fall of that year he entered Yale University and four years later took his degree with the class of 1900.   Upon leaving college Mr. Oglebay returned to Kansas City, where his first experience in the world of affairs was gained as a clerk with the Swift Packing Company, with which he remained for a year. He severed this connection to engage in the real-estate business for two years, and in 1903 removed to Cleveland to accept the position of secretary to the Hoffman Hinge & Foundry Company, in six months time being promoted to the presidency of the concern. In the spring of 1906 the Ferro Machine & Foundry Company was incorporated with a capital of two hundred and twenty thousand dollars and took over the Hoffman Hinge & Foundry Company. The new industry abandoned the hinge and hardware department, supplanting it with automobile accessories, engine parts and the like, and also putting on the market a marine engine for motor boats, this particular plant being the largest of its kind in America. The foundry product was changed from light gray and iron castings to auto cylinders and pistons, the entire foundry being devoted to the production of these. It is larger in volume than any other in the world and supplies some forty-five of the largest automobile factories.   Some idea of the extent of the Ferro Machine & Foundry Company may be gained from the fact that eleven hundred men are employed in the plant and fifteen hundred agents, while the catalogue is written in four languages. The company can point to eighteen hundred engines operating outside of the United States and Canada which were produced by them, their representation thereby   742 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   extending to virtually every country on the globe. The growth of the concern has been indeed remarkable and while its success is manifestly due to the enterprise and efficiency of its management, it cannot but reflect credit upon Cleveland, whose surpassing progress is due to her fortunate possession of just such substantial concerns. Mr. Oglebay has the happy faculty of knowing how to select his assistants, always choosing men of ability into whose hands to put the responsibility of those minutiae which his own personal supervision cannot reach.   While so deeply engrossed in business, Mr. Oglebay finds time for the social side of life and is pleasantly identified with the Tavern Club and the Country Club, in whose haunts his presence is always warmly welcomed. He is also a member of the Mayfield Country Club and the Chamber of Commerce, and is a director of the Superior Trust & Savings Bank.   CLARENCE O. AREY, M. D.   Dr. Clarence O. Arey, whose death on the 11 th of August, 1896, was a distinct loss to the medical fraternity as well as in social circles, where he was most highly honored and respected, was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1857. His father, Oliver Arey, became an early resident of Cleveland, where he followed the profession of teaching, and was living in Rochester, New York, at the time of the death of his son Clarence. In this city he had married Miss Harriett E. Grannis, who was one of the early teachers in a private school here and was also a writer of ability. She did considerable work in editing a magazine before Harpers was first published. Reared in a home of intellectual culture and refinement, Clarence O. Arey was given excellent educational advantages, completing a course in literature at the Michigan University at Ann Arbor and also in civil engineering. Following his graduation he came to Cleveland and began as an architect here, planning many of the large buildings, including Case's School of Applied Science and others. His ability was pronounced, winning him an extensive and important patronage, and he followed the profession with growing success until the death of his little son from diphtheria awakened in him a great longing to study bacteria in all of its forms that he might aid in checking the ravages of disease thus propagated. Accordingly he gave up his business and attended the University of Pennsylvania, pursuing a course in the medical department and also attending the Bacteriological College and the College of Hygiene, spending four years in broad and thorough study. Returning to Cleveland, he spent one year in the laboratory of Dr. Howard, studying the different forms and causes of diphtheria, and subsequently spent a short time studying in the east. In the following spring he returned to Cleveland and entered upon the active practice of medicine, for which he was so well qualified by reason of his thorough and comprehensive preparation and his deep interest in the work. However, he only lived until the succeeding August and the profession thus suffered the loss of one who would have been an honor to the calling. He was a man of strong purpose, who held to high ideals in all things and could never be content with mediocrity in any direction. He therefore attained prominence in architectural lines and was recognized as one of the leading and distinguished members of the Civil Engineers Club and also of the Club of Architects. He would have gained equal fame in the practice of medicine had he been spared to conclude his labors in that field.   Dr. Arey was married in Cleveland to Miss Martha H. Haywood, a daughter of Clark Haywood, who came here at an early day and was extensively engaged in business for many years, becoming one of the foremost representatives of the lumber trade in the city. His son, Charles Haywood, is still conducting the business which was established by the father. This son, Mrs. Arey and a sister, Mrs. Alice Haines, all occupy the old Haywood home built by the father on East Seven-   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 745   ty-ninth street. It is one of the old landmarks of the city, commodious and at all times attractive by reason of its warm-hearted hospitality. Unto Dr. and Mrs. Arey were born four children, of whom Jack Haywood and Ellen Harriett are at home with their mother. The father died August 11, 1896. He was a man of forceful individuality and marked strength of character, who could never be content with accomplishing only that which the great majority did, but always sought to attain perfection that he might give in his professional life the best service possible. Moreover he was a gentleman of unfailing courtesy, appreciative of the good in others and his own spirit of friendship won for him friendly regard in return.   F. J. GOTTRON.   F. J. Gottron, who for the past two and a half years has been secretary of the P. A. Geier Company, manufacturers of instruments of precision and high-grade machinery, was born in Cleveland on the 27th of February, 1881, a son of Anton and Katherine Gottron. The father was born in Menz, Germany, March 3, 1847, but was only nine years of age when he came with his parents to America, locating in Fremont, Ohio. In his early manhood he engaged in the lime and stone business there, which he followed for many years, until he came to Cleveland to go into the wholesale grocery business. After a time, however, he returned to Fremont, where he embarked in the grain elevator business, which he is conducting at present.   F. J. Gottron attended the public schools of Cleveland until he was seventeen, when for a year and a half he worked with his father in the grain elevator business. On leaving his father he entered the employ of Dyer & Company as field manager, and for six years superintended the erection of beet-sugar plants in Colorado, Utah, Michigan, Idaho and Ohio. Though he had filled the position with credit to himself and to the satisfaction of his employers, he resigned it on being elected secretary of the P. A. Geier Company. He has been diligent in the execution of his duties in this capacity and has helped to place the firm high among concerns engaged in similar business. Yet his duties have not required so much of his time but that he could also fill the position of secretary-treasurer of the Royal Specialty Company, manufacturers of electric vibrators.   Much of his social diversion Mr. Gottron takes in company with his brother Elks, who find him a man fully alive to the joys of friendly intercourse. He exercises his franchise with discrimination independent of party affiliation. A young man of industry, push and high principles, he gives fair promise of a most successful career.   FRANK F. GENTSCH.   One of the more successful among the younger representatives of the legal fraternity in Ohio is Frank F. Gentsch. He was born in New Philadelphia, Ohio, July 22, 1874. His paternal grandfather, John Conrad Gentsch, was born in Thurgau, Switzerland, and coming to the United States cast his lot with the pioneer residents of Cleveland, where he engaged in shoemaking. Later he became proprietor of a hotel in New Philadelphia, Ohio, where he maintamed his residence until called to his final rest. He attained considerable prominence among the early Swiss and German settlers of Ohio and his name appears in the first directory issued in Cleveland in 1837. In that year he was a warden of the German church and in the same year his was the first name that appears on the standing committee of the German Society, of which he was chairman.   746 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   His son, Dr. Daniel C. Gentsch, was born in New Philadelphia, November 18, 1844, and ,is a graduate of the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy. He won his M. D. degree from Georgetown University and in his practice has specialized in the treatment of diseases of the eye, nose and throat. He formerly took a very active part in the medical associations of the state and was chief of the special examination division of the pension department at Washington, D. C., from 1885 until 1889 and was its assistant medical referee from 1893 until 1898. He married Elizabeth Holly Powleson, a daughter of Richard and Celinda (Neighbor) Powleson, who was born in New Philadelphia, Ohio, December 25, 1847. Her father was a native of New York and her mother was born in German Valley, New Jersey. The maternal family name was Anglicizes from the German Nachbar. At the time of the Civil war Dr. Gentsch responded to the country's call, enlisting in the Eighty-eighth Ohio Infantry, but after three or four months became ill. Thus unfitted for active duty he afterward served as a civilian in the commissary department.   Frank F. Gentsch was educated in the public and high schools of New Philadelphia and Washington, D. C., being graduated with the class of 1892 at New Philadelphia. He had previously spent three years as a pupil in the public schools of Washington, D. C., and after graduation he did three years' special work in Georgetown University preparatory to his law course. He attended the Columbian University Law School, from which he was graduated in 1895 with the LL. B. degree, while the followmg year that institution conferred upon him the degree of Master of Law. Entering the government service he was employed in the law division of the United States pension bureau, having charge of the disbarment of attorneys and criminal prosecutions for violations of the pension laws. In 1896 he was transferred into the field as special examiner for the pension bureau at Lawrenceburg, Indiana, and also at Columbus, Indiana. There he remained until July 1, 1898, after which he located in Cleveland and entered upon the practice of law in the office of L. A. Russell, with whom he remained until the first of April, 1901. On that date he joined L. Q. Rawson in organizing the firm of Rawson & Gentsch, and they have since engaged in general practice gradually drifting into corporation work, Mr. Gentsch has thoroughly qualified for his labors in this connection by comprehensive study and is regarded as an able advocate and safe counselor. Aside from his profession he is a director of a large number of corporations and is interested in real estate, owning considerable property in Cleveland.   On the 1tth of June, 1902, Mr. Gentsch was married to Miss Jane F. McClean, a daughter of Charles and Elizabeth (Fribley) McClean of New Philadelphia, and their children are Elizabeth M. and Frank F., Jr. Mr. Gentsch belongs to the Knights of Pythias fraternity, the National Union and the Woodmen of the World. He is also a member of the Automobile Club of Cleveland and was president of the County Cabinet of the National Union in the year 1906. He finds rest and recreation in motoring and in pleasant association with the members of the different fraternities with which he is associated.   Mr. Gentsch has become somewhat favorably known as an amateur rose grower and gardener, the greater part of his spare time during the spring and summer being devoted to his roses and garden and it is his boast that his roses come as early and bloom as profusely as any and that only the rigors of cold winter make them cease. This taste for flowers and the beautiful, he inherits, especially, from his maternal grandfather, who was of old Holland Dutch stock, whose old house at New Philadelphia was the pride not only of his heart but of New Philadelphia as well, it being truly said that from the time the crocus shot its head through the snow in the early spring, all through the long summer and fall until the snow fell again, his large garden was never without its profusion of bloom, and it is this example that Mr. Gentsch is naturally following. His home is always filled with flowers and he is rarely, if ever, seen without a choice rose on his lapel.   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 747   Recognizing the fact that close study must be the basis of legal knowledge and the latter the foundation upon which is built professional success, he has carried his investigation far and wide into the realms of jurisprudence and is well versed on principle and precedent. He is well known in connection with the work of the democratic party in Ohio, has been a leader and delegate in various state conventions for many years and was a member of the state central committee from 1900 until 1902. He was an ardent follower of W. J. Bryan in 1896 and 1900 and during the latter campaign especially, in both the state and national conventions exerted all of the powers of his indomitable will and energy to secure the renomination of Mr. Bryan. He served on the board of elections from 1904 until 1908, and during the first two years of that time was president of the board. In Cuyahoga county during the days of the supremacy of the so called "Kid Democracy" he was one of its leaders and earned a reputation of being bold and fearless in a fight, a good counselor, and prizing above all an undeviating loyalty for his friends. His opinions carry weight in the councils of his party, for he is thoroughly informed concerning political principles and is continually studying out new methods for the ultimate advancement of the principles in which he believes. Since his retirement from the board of elections, he has given his time almost exclusively to the practice of law, participating in politics only so far as the demands of good citizenship required.   WILLIAM KNIGHT.   William Knight, vice president and treasurer of the O'Donahue Coffee Company of this city, is a man of unusual attainments who has been carefully trained in certain special subjects and who has made himself well known among those engaged in scientific research as well as in business circles. He was born in Tiffin, Ohio, in 1852, and is a graduate of both high school and academy, being a member of the class of 1872 in the latter institute. After graduating, he took up civil engineering for eighteen months with a division of the Lake Erie & Western Railroad but at the expiration of that time he embarked in the grocery business with Edward Townsend & Company, wholesale grocers, as traveling salesman. For five years he was thus employed and then went with The Weideman Company as a traveling salesman, continuing thus for twenty years, gaining an experience that makes him so valuable to his present company.   In 1902 Mr. Knight became associated with the O'Donahue Coffee Company as general manager for a short time and then was elected vice president and treasurer. Under his able management the company has forged forward to a remarkable and gratifying success. Mr. Knight has always been interested in chemistry and applies his knowledge to his business, judging of the blends and values of his coffees through this science instead of by the old methods. He has also made a practical discovery of producing electricity from water and is devoting the time he can spare from his business to perfecting a storage battery strong enough to retain the power thus produced.   Mr. Knight is a man of many talents. Not content with what he has already accomplished, he is just completing a five-year law course in the Sprague Law School of Detroit. He took this up in order to fit himself for successfully handling the legal business of his company. In addition he is interested in psychology, being a student of it for twenty-five years, and a graduate of the Chicago School of Psychology, of the class of 1900. In 1898 he connected himself with New York Scientific School, of New York city, and is taking a course in the sciences of graphology, in which he is an expert, and also chiriology, phrenology and physiognomy and the science of character reading.   In 1884 Mr. Knight married Lizzie K. Frost of Tiffin, and they have one son, James T., who is now attending the Hough avenue school. Mrs. Knight   748 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND   is a member of the First Baptist church. Mr. Knight belongs to the Credit Men's Association, the National Union, the Cleveland Commercial Travelers and United Commercial Travelers Associations and is popular in all. He is a man of ambitious spirit, never content but ever pressing onward. He has accomplished much but doubtless the future will reveal more of his accomplishments and discoveries in both the scientific and business world.   JUSTUS L. COZAD.   Justus L. Cozad needs no introduction to the readers of this volume, for he has long been one of Cleveland's citizens, prominently known for many years as a leading surveyor here. Moreover, the high and upright principles of his life have commended him to the confidence and good will of all with whom he has been brought in contact. He was born in Cleveland, August 18, 1833, and is one of her oldest native sons. He comes of a French Huguenot family. His ancestors at the time of the great persecution fled from the north of France to Leyden, Holland, whence Jacques Cozad sailed on the 14th of October, 1662, establishing his home at Brooklyn, New York. His son Anthony was born in that city in 1673 and was the father of Jacob Cozad, whose birth occurred in Brooklyn in 1701. He became the founder of the family in New Jersey, where occurred the birth of his son Samuel, who was born in 1725 and married Anna Clark. Their son, Samuel Cozad, Jr., was born in New Jersey in 1756 and wedded Jane McIlrath. They were the parents of Andrew Cozad, who was born in Washington county, Pennsylvania, in 1801. He came to Cleveland with his parents in 1807, when this city was a tiny village upon the border of Lake Erie, with the great unbroken forests stretching for miles around. He married Sally Simmons of Fredonia, New York, and their children were: Jane Celestia, Mary Ann, Nathaniel Clark, Justus L., Charlotta, Andrew Dudley, Henry Irving, Mrs. Sarah L. Duty and Marcus Eugene. The death of the father, Andrew Cozad, occurred May 2o, 1873, while his wife departed this life April 6, 1884, at the age of seventy-nine years. They were among the honored pioneer residents of Cleveland and for a century the name of Cozad has figured prominently in the history of this city, its members taking an active and helpful part in the work of upbuilding and progress as the years have gone by.   Justus L. Cozad was born on his father's farm, which was in the vicinity of Euclid avenue and Mayfield road. The grandfather, father and uncles of Justus L. Cozad owned and cultivated nearly all the land on what is now Euclid avenue from Doan brook to Cemetery creek. They were among the first settlers of the Western Reserve and aided in planting the seeds of civilization on the frontier. Andrew Cozad, the father of our subject, was a small boy of six years and assisted in driving the domestic stock from Pennsylvania to Cleveland as the family journeyed to their new home. As he grew to manhood he took a prominent place in the life of the community and served as justice of the peace for a number of years, being known as Squire Cozad. As a business he always followed farming. He was a very public-spirited man and took much interest in establishing the schools and laying out the roads. The present generation can little realize the conditions of travel in those early days when no grading was done and the road was scarcely more than a path through the forests. Mr. Cozad was one of the few who helped to improve Euclid avenue, building the plank road in 1849. This was a toll road, but he advocated that it might be made a free road. During the days when he was an active and prominent factor in the upbuilding of Cleveland this city was known as a "village on the Lake Shore four miles from Newburg," for at that time Newburg was a place of much greater importance, having ''the only water power and grist mill in this entire district.