(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 751 Justus L. Cozad early formed the acquaintance of W. R. Coon, who was a neighbor and a surveyor of superior ability. He took great interest in the boy and allowed the lad to accompany him on his early surveys about the county. Mr. Cozad thus became interested in the work and decided to take it up as a life vocation. He had much difficulty in obtaining the proper instruction on the subject of higher mathematics. He first attended Grand River Institute in Austin- burg, Ohio, for two years, after which he spent two years as a pupil in Cleveland University which had been established by Asa Mahan while Mr. Cozad was in Austinburg, and was in existence from 185o until 1852. When that school ceased to exist he accepted a position with the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railroad at a salary of sixty dollars per month, which was considered a high wage at that time. He was also assistant engineer on the Lake Shore Railroad between Cleveland and Erie, Pennsylvania, which position he held until 1855, when he resigned to become United States deputy surveyor, at the age of twenty-two years, with field work in Kansas and Nebraska, running a portion of the boundary line of the two states. While engaged in that work Justus L. Cozad married Ortentia Whitman, who was one of the early school teachers of Cleveland, beginning the work at the age of fourteen and continuing for twelve years. They were married in 1858 and their wedding journey consisted of a trip to Nebraska, where Mr. Cozad had purchased a farm on which was a log cabin. In this they lived while their new home was being built and it was probably the finest house in Nebraska at that time. As a honeymoon trip Mr. Cozad took his wife from St. Louis up the Missouri river to a town near the mouth of Platte river, they being on the water for over a week. They settled near Plattsmouth, Cass county, Nebraska, where they lived until he left the employ of the government. In 1859 Mr. Cozad ran a portion of the boundary line between Nebraska and Kansas, his beginning point being one hundred and fifty miles west of the Missouri river. To reach this point he had to cross country where there were no roads. When about a hundred miles from the river the party discovered something in the distance which a good field glass disclosed to be buffaloes. The party struck the trail of the Pawnee Indians on their way from their village to the buffalo range. Their course gradually approached the trail of the Indians who were then returning from their hunt, three thousand of them marching in single file. They had many ponies and had had a very successful hunt, every squaw and pony having all the buffalo meat and hides they could carry. Most of the men were out on picket duty miles in advance of the caravan. The Pawnee Indians were then fighting the Sioux and the main herd of buffaloes was quietly feeding on the neutral ground between the two hostile tribes. Mr. Cozad ran a line forty-eight miles in length between the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and during that time was never out of sight of buffaloes. From that line he ran north twenty-four miles, then east forty-eight miles and was still in sight of buffaloes. The last line of forty-eight miles crossed many buffalo wallows, where the animals were standing in water a few inches deep. The surveying party were compelled to get their drinking water from these wallows. Mr. Cozad had a team loaded with casks to be filled with water. It was hot July weather and the sun and buffaloes destroyed the drinking water. One morning they could not get water for coffee. The men became thirsty before noon and they had to leave their work and take the most direct road to the Republican river. In a few miles they came to a branch filled with pools of water in which the buffaloes were standing. By digging in the bed of the creek, however, they found nice clear water and camped at that point for one night, washing out and filling their water casks there, after which they went about their work. The next day brought them to the Platte river, along which was the great emigrant trail to California. One afternoon, some two weeks after meeting with the Pawnee Indians, as the surveying party were pitching tent for the night, some forty Sioux rode up to their camp on horseback as hard as they could ride, each Indian carrying a pole about ten feet long on the end of which was a bayonet held just high enough to strike a man in the breast. As the white 752 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND men showed no signs of fear and as the Indians did not stampede the stock the formidable looking weapon was raised to a perpendicular position and each Indian held out his hand and said "how ! how !" They rode on past the camp for a few hundred yards and there camped for the evening. Before long they asked for an interview and seated themselves on the grass in a semicircle around the camp door of the Cozad party, being anxious to find out all they could about the Pawnees. They treated the men, however, with civility and respect and at early dawn made their departure, The surveying party were within forty miles of Fort Kearney, Nebraska, where there were quite a number of soldiers, for it was at the time of President Buchanan's Mormon war. These soldiers served to keep the Indians on their good behaviour. In September, 1908, Mr. Cozad received the following letter from the secretary of the Nebraska State Historical Society: "Lincoln, Nebraska, September 24, 1908. "Hon. Justus L. Cozad, Cleveland, Ohio. "Dear Sir :—We are very anxious to secure a biographical sketch of yourself, together with your recollections of the early days in Nebraska and a photograph for preservation in the archives of this Society. May we not hear from you soon with reference to this matter. Thanking you in advance, I remain, Yours very truly, C. S. PAINE, SECRETARY." Mr. Cozad complied with the request in a very able manner, giving the society many items of interest with which he was connected while' in the state from 1855 until 1862. In 1855 when he surveyed a part of the counties of Johnson and Pawnee, there was not a settler in Nebraska with the exception of one who lived more than a mile west of the Mosi river. Tecumseh, the county seat of Johnson county, is located on one of the old Cozad camping grounds and good steamboat landings along the Mosi river were claimed as town sites. In a few of these towns there were small stores, while Nebraska City and Omaha had quite good stores. Not a bridge had been built over any stream nor a street graded in any town. At Nebraska City the government blockhouse was still standing, about eighteen feet square, built of foot square timber and two stories in height, the top story being placed across the lower story and loop holes cut in each so that men could shoot through them in every direction. Mr. Cozad's experience while on the government surveys in the states of Nebraska and Kansas were very interesting from a historic point. The surveys of government land were made by the United States deputy surveyors under contract with the government. The deputies had to give bond for faithful fulfillment of the contract and there was a printed manual of instruction describing the manner in which the surveys were to be made. These contracts were made with the deputies soon after an appropriation was made each year by congress but the appropriations were usually made so late that the deputies were kept out in cold weather. It was Mr. Cozad's fortune to spend four Decembers in camp. While in Nebraska Mr. Cozad secured a farm and the Honorable Paul Morton was his neighbor. In 1862 Mr. Cozad raised one hundred acres of wheat and forty acres of corn. When his wheat was threshed and in the bin, in August, he started with his own team and light spring wagon, accompanied by his wife and two children, for Cleveland. It was one hundred and sixty miles to Mount Pleasant, Iowa, the nearest railroad station. A neighbor went with him in order to return with the team and Mr. Cozad timed his trip so as to be in Chicago to attend the first great railroad convention of the leading railroad men of the country to consult on the feasibility of a railroad to California. He attended the convention for two days, but nothing resulted from it because of the progress of the war. His purpose was to return to Nebraska but before he had made plans to again go to the west he was offered a position on a branch of the old railroad where he had first been employed on a part of the Big Four system. He accepted and became general superintendent and chief engineer of two hundred and two miles of railroad from Indianapolis to Galion, engineer  which position was formerly held by HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 753 John Brough, who soon afterward became governor of Ohio. After several years Mr. Cozad resigned to become chief engineer in the location and construction of seventy-three miles of railroad beteween Indianapolis and Terre Haute, Indiana, and when that road was completed, because of ill health he retired from railroading in 1871. In 1875 he went into the abstract business with his brother and J. M. Odell. Soon buying out his brother he and Mr. Odell continued equal partners for nine years. That partnership was dissolved and another was formed known as The Cozad-Belz-Bates Abstract Company. Since then he has led a retired life. In 1890 Mrs. Cozad passed away, leaving four daughters, Florence, Olive, Jennie and Gertrude. Olive is the wife of Theodore Bates and has five children, two sons and three daughters. The eldest son is a teacher in Yale, one daughter was graduated from Vassar in the class of 1908 and the other children are attending the city schools. Jennie is the wife of Rev. H. B. Newell, D. D., a missionary in Japan, and they have four children, who were born in that country and are being educated in Oberlin. Gertrude is at the head of an evangelistic school at Kobe, Japan, and has been a missionary on the American board in that country for twenty-one years. In June, 1893, Mr. Cozad wedded Mrs. L. A. Newell, of Plymouth, Massachusetts. Mr. Cozad has been a very active member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational church for sixty-two years and his upright life has made him one of Cleveland's most honored citizens. He has lived to see remarkable changes since he started upon life's journey in this city seventy-six years ago. With the exception of brief periods he has resided here continuously throughout the entire time, and his life work both as surveyor and civil engineer has been of value to the community at large. ALEXIS SAURBREY. Alexis Saurbrey, consulting engineer and one of the most successful men in his line of work, is one of the representative men of Cleveland. He was born in Korsor, Denmark, May 2, 1889, and lost his father when he was eight years old. The latter, Viggo Saurbrey, was born in Denmark and was an officer in the army in early life but for the last twenty years he was connected with the state railroad system. His wife was also born in Denmark and still lives in her native land. After finishing a course in the Danish State University in Copenhagen, Alexis Saurbrey was graduated in 1903 as a civil engineer. He then came to the United States and was with the Krebs Manufacturing Company at Wilmington, Delaware, for a short time in designing their new factory, after which he was with the Ransome & Smith Company of New York city, specialists in reinforced concrete construction. For the following three years Mr. Saurbrey remained with them, his work taking him all over the surrounding states. He then went to Chicago to take charge of the office of the American System of Concrete Reinforcing, but on May I, 1996, he came to Cleveland as chief engineer for the Reinforced Concrete Construction Company, and remained with them for Mr. Saurbrey then started in business for himself as a consulting engineer, confining his operations to Cleveland and vicinity, and in this capacity he has been connected with some of the most important work in his line that has been done here, including the New Haserot building on Huron Road ; the New Spencerian school building, on Euclid and Eighteenth streets ; the Wise building on Euclid and East Sixty-fifth street ; and the Morley chemical laboratory of the Western Reserve University. He is well and favorably known in scientific circles as a contributor to many journals and in experimental work at Case- School of Applied Science. 754 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In 1904 he married Minna Brynoldt, who was born in Denmark, but was living in Hoboken, New York, when they were married. Mr. Saurbrey is a skilled engineer, carefully trained and with wide experience, and his success has really been remarkable considering the short time he has been in this country and his age. There is no doubt but that he has a brilliant future before him. PAUL TERRY LAWRENCE. Paul Terry Lawrence, actively connected with the management of the Lawrence Publishing Company as its secretary and treasurer, was born in Cleveland, on the 23d of November, 1878, a son of Mortimer J. and Helen Irene (Madison) Lawrence. He has resided in Cleveland throughout his entire life and since leaving school has been connected with the Lawrence Publishing Company, in which he has proven his individual worth, working his way upward by close application and energy until he is now the secretary and treasurer of a company which is publishing the Ohio Farmer in Cleveland and the Michigan Farmer in Detroit. These are among the most important agricultural journals of the country with an extensive circulation and Mr. Lawrence is active in the management of the extensive business necessary in the conduct of an enterprise of this magnitude. He is also the treasurer of the Lawrence-Williams Company, importers of and sole agents in the United States and Canada for Gombault's caustic balsam, a French veterinary remedy, the sale of which has reached large figures, making the business an important commercial enterprise. On the 25th of April, 1900, Mr. Lawrence was married to Miss Clara Louise Bryan, a daughter of Thomas A. Bryan of Cleveland. They are both popular among a host of friends and they have a beautiful home at No. 11130 Magnolia drive. Mr. Lawrence gives his political endorsement to the republican party and belongs to the Hermit, Automobile and Cleveland Athletic Clubs. While he entered a business already established he has with readiness adapted himself to the constantly changing conditions of business life, has kept in touch with the trend of modern progress and through well defined lines of management has contributed in no small degree to the success of the Lawrence Publishing Company. JOSEPH GORDON RUSSELL. Joseph Gordon Russell, practicing at the Cleveland bar as a member of the law firm of Lawrence, Russell & Eichelberger, with a clientage among eastern insurance companies, was born September 15, 1875, in Urbana, Ohio. He is a son of the late James Mahlon Russell, of Urbana, and a grandson of Aaron Russell, who in 1837 removed from Virginia to Urbana. The first representatives of the family in America came from England, settling at Salem, Massachusetts, about 1690, while later one branch of the family was established in Virginia. James M. Russell wedded Elizabeth McClellan, a native of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, and a daughter of Joseph McClellan, at one time an officer of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Joseph G. Russell pursued his education in private schools to the age of sixteen years, when he became a pupil in the high school of Urbana and was grduated with the class of 1893. He was afterward a student in the University of Michigan and later entered the Cincinnati Law School, being admitted to the bar at Columbus in October, 1897. He has engaged in practice in Cleveland since 1902, at which time he entered the law office of M. B. and H. H. Johnson. On the 1st of January, 1903, he formed a partnership with George H. Eichelberger and on the 1st of June, 1905, Charles O. Jenkins became a member of HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 757 the firm. Upon the retirement of Mr. Jenkins on the 1st of January, 1909, Judge James Lawrence joined the firm under the style of Lawrence, Russell & Eichelberger. On the 16th of June, 1908, in this city, Mr. Russell was married to Miss Olive Stewart, a daughter of Charles H. Stewart, of Cleveland, and a granddaughter of Gideon Tabor Stewart, at one time a central figure in the history of the Western Reserve. Mrs. Russell is a graduate of the Middleberger School and attended Vassar College. While a resident of Urbana, Mr. Russell was active in the ranks of the republican party and still gives to it his earnest endorsement, but is not one of the party workers at the present time. He belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and is interested in the various movements for the promotion of municipal welfare. He holds membership with the Union, Country, Euclid, Cleveland Athletic and other Clubs. While a young man, he has already attained distinction in legal circles, while his business enterprise has carried him into important financial and commercial relations. ISAAC N. PENNOCK. For a century the Pennock family has been represented in Ohio and from the pioneer epoch in the history of the state those who have borne the name have taken an active and substantial part in the work of development that has made Ohio one of the foremost commonwealths of the Union. A representative of the class of substantial, enterprising business men, capable of organizing and managing extensive interests, is Isaac N. Pennock, who for many years was closely associated with the iron industry and is now actively engaged in the management of various enterprises. A native of Minerva, Ohio, Mr. Pennock was born July 29, 1850. His father was Joel Pennock, his grandfather Enoch Pennock. The latter was born in Philadelphia, in 1792, and, removing to Ohio, settled in Carroll county about 1810. There he engaged in farming. The first American ancestor of the family was Christopher Pennock, who came to the new world about 1665 or 6, on a mission for King William. He then returned to England and fought in the decisive battle of the Boyne. Later he resigned his commission in the army and in 1685 returned to America, receiving a grant of land in Chester county, Pennsylvania, from the king. Joel Pennock, the father of Isaac N. Pennock, was born in Carroll county, Ohio, in 1821, his parents having become pioneer residents of this state. He was reared here upon the frontier and became a farmer and stock raiser. He also devoted some attention to merchandising and was a prominent citizen of the community, taking an active part in politics and doing not a little to mold public thought and action. He died in 1888. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Charlotte Van Horn, was born in 1825 and died in 1905 at the age of eighty years. She was a daughter of Isaac and Sarah (Reedy) Van Horn, residents of Carroll county, Ohio. Isaac N. Pennock was educated in the public schools of Minerva, Ohio, and in 1872, in connection with his brother Willard, entered the iron foundry business under the firm name of Pennock Brothers, manufacturers of agricultural implements. They conducted a successful business until 1877, when the plant was destroyed by fire. In the meantime they had built up a good trade in railway supplies and soon devoted their entire energies to handling railway supplies and cars, conducting an extensive manufacturing enterprise, their business growing so rap- idly that in 1888 their increased plant had a capacity of ten railway cars daily, while employment was furnished to two hundred and fifty people. The business continually increased and five years later three hundred and fifty workmen were given employment in their factory. In 1898 they sold out to the American Car & Foundry Company and thus derived further profit from their years of labor, 758 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND which have resulted in the establishment and upbuilding of one of the important industries of the country. The Pennock Brothers are also the original patentees of the pressed steel car and were the builders of the first steel cars in the United States. Their patents were subsequently sold to the Pressed Steel Car Company, Mr. Pennock has always been very active in different channels, his interest in a business way constituting a forceful factor in the commercial and industrial enterprises of the city as well as a source of individual profit. He is now financially interested in the Cleveland Furnace Company, has served as a director of more than twenty banks and at all times has promoted success by his wise counsel and keen business sagacity. On the 6th of December, 1898, Mr. Pennock was married to Miss Minnie Haines, a daughter of Albert R. and Elmira (Harsh) Haines. Her father, the Hon. A. R. Haines, was one of the most prominent men of Carroll county, Ohio, and after serving in various township and county offices was chosen state senator from the twenty-first senatorial district, comprising Carroll and Stark counties. He is a descendant of Joseph Haines, the founder of the family in the western world, who was a Quaker by birth and crossed the Atlantic in the same ship with William Penn. A grandson of this ancestor was John Haines, who came to Ohio with his family in 1817, settling at Pekin, Carroll county. His son Joseph was at that time a lad of seventeen years. In 1822 he wedded Hannah Shriver and unto them were born four sons and six daughters, which number included Hon. A. R. Haines, whose birth occurred September 15, 1826, in Brown township, Carroll county, where he always resided. He wedded Elmira Harsh, and their family includes Minnie, who became the wife of Isaac N. Pennock. Their children are Robert H. and Paul W., who are with them in an attractive home at No. 9204 Euclid avenue, while at Minerva, Ohio, they maintain a country residence. Mrs. Pennock, a lady of culture and a graduate of Wooster University, belongs to the Kappa Kappa Gamma, is prominent in church work and is well known in the leading social circles of the city. Mr. Pennock also belongs to the Euclid Avenue Methodist church, is a generous contributor to its support and is now serving as a member of its board of trustees and as church steward. He belongs to the Colonial Club and to the Chamber of Commerce, being a cooperant factor in the various projects of that organization for the advancement of municipal interests. In former years he was prominently identified with the councils of the republican party and was a warm personal friend of President William McKinley, with whom he was long associated. Since 1901 he has continuously resided in Cleveland, giving his time during this period to the development and management of large and important interests as well as extensive private affairs. While a busy man, he enjoys some leisure for the cultivation of those intellectual and social interests which contribute so largely to the enjoyment of life and his friends find him an entertaining companion, whose good will is manifest in his appreciation of attractive and commendable qualities in others. WILLIAM A. C. SMITH. The general management of that large industry, The Ohio Quarries Company, is happily given into the hands of a man whose business talents especially fit him for the post. This man is William A. C. Smith, the son of William and Frances' M. Smith, born in Chebanse, Illinois, December 15, 1876. Mr. Smith is by descent of that race whose humor and pluck have done so much to decorate the pages of history. His father and mother were born in County Armagh, Ireland, but tempted by America's wide reputation as a land of opportunity, he made a hazard of new fortunes by crossing the seas. In 187o he went to Chicago, Illinois, and there secured employment with the Illinois Central Railway. Later he was trans- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 761 ferred to Chebanse, Illinois, acting as station agent at that point, and there lived out his allotted length of days, dying in 1876. William A. C. Smith attended the public schools until he reached the age of sixteen. He worked four years in a country store and then supplemented the mental training already secured with a year's attendance at the academy of Northwestern University, at Evanston, Illinois. His next experience as an employe was with the Chicago National bank as messenger and here his trustworthiness rapidly advanced him first to clerk and then to assistant teller, which latter position he held for three years. His next step was more important in its bearing upon his career than it probably at first sight appeared. He engaged as salesman with The Bedford Quarries Company and again steadily advanced, becoming auditor and then secretary and treasurer. When in 1903 The Ohio Quarries Company was organized he was elected secretary and treasurer of the new concern. In 1906 he was made general manager of the company and removed to Cleveland, the headquarters of the company. He is also a director in this company which is one of the most important of its kind in the United States, and in January, 1910, was elected to the highest office in the company, being now its president and general manager, thus in thirteen years arising from messenger in a bank to the highest office in one of the most important industries in the city. The operation of the quarry, which is distinguished by the use of the most modern methods, gives em- ployment to five hundred men. At the beginning of its existence the company manifested its ambition for permanence by purchasing two hundred and forty acres of the best stone land in northern Ohio and they now own their own industrial railroad, The Lorain & Southern Railroad Company, which has about five miles of tracks. Two locomotives and necessary cars and equipment easily enable them to manage the shipping of five thousand carloads a year. In September, 1899. Mr. Smith was united in marriage to Miss Nettie Grant, of Davenport, Iowa. Three children have been born to them. Two are daughters, named Janet and Helen, and the youngest is a son—Richard. Two of the children attend the public schools. The family reside at 1946 East Eighty-third street. A graphic indication of the wholesome nature of Mr. Smith's tastes is found in his delight in sport, golfing, hunting and fishing securing his especial favor. Mr. Smith constitutes in himself that most admirable factor in society—a well balanced man. JOHN McGEORGE. John McGeorge, consulting engineer, who is associated in his profession with some of the largest concerns in the city, was born in Manchester, England, May 2, 1852, a son of William and Elizabeth (Cook) McGeorge. The father was born in Castle Douglas, Scotland, and was a blacksmith foreman. When John McGeorge was two years old, the family removed to Stockport, England, where they lived for twenty-two years, the father dying at that place. The mother survives, making her home in Cleveland with our subject. John McGeorge was educated in the common schools of England and began his apprenticeship as a machinist in a shop when only fourteen years old. In order to further his education, he attended evening school at Owen College, now a part of Victoria University, at Manchester, England. By the time he was twenty-one years old, he was placed in charge of a factory as general manager. This plant manufactured horizontal steam engines and was located at Manchester, England, where Mr. McGeorge continued for seven years. He next went to Nottingham, England, where he was engaged for three years in designing sugar machinery, and the following two years were spent at Hornsby, Grantham, England, as draughtsman for agricultural machinery. He then removed to Guilford, England, to assume charge of an agricultural implement shop as general manager, remaining there two years. 762 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In the meantime, Mr. McGeorge had become interested in the opportunities offered by the United States, and crossing the Atlantic, located at Bellaire, Ohio, where he engaged as designer of special machinery for the Bellaire Stamping Company. In 1888 he removed to Washington, Pennsylvania, and built tie glass works there and installed the machinery, which kept him busy until 189o, in which year he went to Pittsburg as chief engineer of the Pittsburg Iron & Steel Engineering Company, remaining with them for three years. His next connection was with the Wellman Iron & Steel Company, of Philadelphia, for whom he was chief engineer for three years, coming to Cleveland in 1896. Here, in conjunction with S. T. and C. H. Wellman, he founded the Wellman-Seaver Engineering Company, which is now operating under the name of Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company. Mr. McGeorge was chief engineer of this company until 1903, when he severed his relations with it to engage in business for himself as consulting- engineer. Quite recently he became vice president of the Cleveland Engineering Company. He and Charles Wellman organized the Electric Controller & Supply Company, which has developed into a very large concern. On March 5, 1873, Mr. McGeorge was married to Ellen Sarah Reynolds, of Stockport, and they became the parents of nine children: Harold, who is an engineering salesman; Ernest, who is construction engineer for the Peerless Motor Car Company ; Herbert, who is chief draughtsman for Chandler & Price, manufacturers of printing machinery ; William, who is serving an apprenticeship in the Park Drop Forge Company ; and two sons and three daughters who are deceased. Four of them died in infancy and one at the age of eight. The three older sons are married, and all are young men of whom any father might well be proud. Mr. McGeorge is a member of the Victoria University Alumni, the Cleveland Engineering Club, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Knights of Pythias. He is recognized as one of the best men in his profession in Cleveland and his long years of careful attention to his business has resulted in a very gratifying success. He is a member and regular attendant of the Hough Avenue Congregational church, having been closely connected officially with this church since 1896, and he was a member of the building committee. HON. CHARLES HERRMAN. Hon. Charles Herrman, whose labors in many instances were of tangible benefit to the city of Cleveland and to the commonwealth and whose record reflected credit and honor upon the district which honored him by making him their representative in the state senate, manifested in his life a high type of progressive citizenship. He was born in Cleveland, July 19, 1848, and was a son of George M. and Eva Herrman. The father's birth occurred in Wurtemberg, while the mother was a native of Bavaria. After coming to Cleveland they lived on the east side of the city until 1853, when they took up their abode in what was then Ohio City and in that district, now a part of Cleveland, Charles Herrman continued his residence until his demise. Throughout much of the period he was prominently identified with its interests and was at all times a recognized champion of public progress. He attended the Hicks Street school in the acquirement of his education and was early called upon to do what he could to provide for his own support. His first service in the business world was in the employ of his father, who operated a sash factory in Center block. Subsequently he again had an opportunity for attending the public schools for a few months and later spent a year in a German-Protestant school. He remained throughout his life a student of men, events and affairs and from life's experiences drew many valuable lessons. His early ambition was along mercantile lines and he kept watch for an opportunity that would enable him to enter com- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 763 mercial circles. At length, by answering an advertisement, he secured a clerkship in the well known store of Trescott & Ingram, where be proved himself a valuable employe by reason of his unremitting diligence and his loyalty to the interests of those whom he served. Promotion followed and he soon came to understand the business in all of its departments in a very thorough manner. In 1864 he joined Jacob Bender in the same line of business as an employe and in 1871 he formed his first partnership and made his first venture in business for himself, becoming connected with the grocery, flour and feed trade in association with Nachtrieb Brothers, under the firm style of Herrman & Nachtrieb Brothers. They opened a store in the Young American block on Lorain street and the new enterprise proved successful from the beginning. The following year the Nachtrieb brothers sold out to Jacob Pfarr and under the firm style of Herrman and Pfarr the business was continued until 1875, when another change in the partnership led to the adoption of the firm name of Geib & Herrman. This relation was maintained for five years, at the end of which time Mr. Herrman withdrew and built a brick block across the street. There he carried on the same business alone for a few years, after which D. E. McLean became his associate. Under their able guidance and management the business steadily increased and in 188o Mr. Herrman built a grain warehouse on the Nickel Plate Railroad and Pearl street. In 1889 the business was reorganized and incorporated as the Herrman- McLean Company with Mr. Herrman as the president. They conducted the second largest retail grocery house in the city, having an extensive patronage, while the reliable business methods of the firm insured them a growing trade. Extending his efforts into other fields of business activity, Mr. Herrman assisted in organizing the West Side Banking Company in 1886 and for years was a member of its board of directors. He erected a four-story building on the corner of Market and McLean streets and the fourth floor was occupied by the Commercial Club, of which he was president. Throughout the years of his residence here Mr. Herrman was actively interested in municipal affairs and in all the various measures relating to the city's progress and improvement along substantial lines. In 1874 he became a member of the Cleveland Grays, the leading military organization of the city, and for thirty-five years was its color sergeant and for thirty-six years a member of that body. He held membership in various fraternal organizations, including the Knights of Pythias. He served as deputy sheriff under Sheriffs McConnell, Barry and Mulhern and in 1885 he was elected a member of the board of aldermen and appointed the aldermanic member of the board of improvements. His public service was ever of a most practical kind, being characterized by tangible efforts for the city's good. He secured many needed improvements for his section of the city and not the least valuable of his work in this connection was the Central viaduct. He was also one of a hundred men selected to represent the board of industry. In 1887 he was elected vice president of the Board of Trade and when the Cleveland grocers united in an organization in 1885 he was chosen its president and so continued until 1888, when he was elected the president of the Ohio Retail Merchants Association. His election to this office indicated his high standing among men engaged in similar lines of business. In 1888 he was chosen a delegate to the National Pure Food Association which met in Washington. He was also president at one time of the Citizens League, while political honors came to him in 1889, when he was made a candidate for senator from Cuyahoga county and was elected by one of the largest majorities ever given in the county. When he took his place in the general assembly his work was characterized by the same fidelity of purpose and devotion to the public good that he manifested in other official connections. In 1877 Mr. Herrman was united in marriage to Miss Mary E. Graf, of Cleveland, and unto them were born three daughters : Cora, now Mrs. William Burgdorff, of Cleveland ; and Effie and Grace, who are with the mother. The family residence is at No. 3337 Marvin avenue and there Mr. Herrman passed 764 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND away May 5, 1909, the funeral services being conducted by the Cleveland Grays, of which he was long an honored member. He was a man of sterling and forceful personality. His mental vision was keen and he readily recognized the possibilities of any situation whether of a political or commercial character. Moreover, his position was never an equivocal one, for he stood as the stalwart champion of whatever he believed to be right. In his business career he made steady progress, but was no less esteemed for the traits he displayed in the relations of social life and of citizenship. HENRY L. CROSS. Among those who are bound to Cleveland by long association is numbered Henry L. Cross, who though still financially identified with many of the city's leading industries is now retired from active association with business affairs. He was here born in 1851. His father, D. W. Cross, was one of the city's pioneers, having come to Ohio from the state of New York in 1836. He was a lawyer by profession and for many years served as deputy collector of the port of Cleveland. He became extensively interested with the late Senator Henry B. Payne in the development of the Ohio coal fields and was also identified with several of Cleveland's largest manufacturing industries. He was president of the Winds- low Car Roofing Company, which was subsequently absorbed by the Page Car Wheel Company, of which he also became president. He was likewise chief officer of the Kilby Manufacturing Company and aside from business won distinction in other lines. He was one of the organizers and first secretary of the Cleveland Grays and remained throughout his life an active member of that military organization. He was also a true sportsman of that fine old type which our latter-day, strenuous living has nearly obliterated. An authority on rod and gun, he was a contributor to the various sportsman publications and also published a limited edition of a volume descriptive of his fifty years' experiences with rod and gun, which was a source of deep interest to his many friends. His social qualities endeared him to many who have tenderly cherished his memory since lie passed away April 9, 1891. Henry L. Cross acquired his early education in the public schools and then entered the South Williams Preparatory School. His higher education was secured in Williams College, in which he was a member of the class of 1874. His college course was interrupted in 1873 by an opportunity to travel abroad, of which he wisely took advantage, spending three years in Europe and the Holy Land, visiting all the principal European cities and studying the life, the customs and the languages of the different nations. Possessing decided linguistic gifts, he became proficient in many foreign tongues. In 1876 Mr. Cross returned to America and became associated with his father in manufacturing interests. These enlarging in scope and intricacy with the progress of the years have proved material for the exercise of his fine executive ability and have been benefited in no small measure by his capable direction and keen discrimination. He is now retired from active life, free to cultivate those finer things which he is especially fitted by nature to enjoy. In 1877 Mr. Cross was united in marriage to Miss Stella W. Wood, of Peninsula, Ohio, and three children, two sons and a daughter have been born to them. The eldest son, Charles W., born in 1879, after completing his preparatory course at University School entered Cornell University, from which he was graduated in 1901. He took a special course in mechanical engineering and was graduated six weeks before his class in order that he might accept a position with the Diamond Rubber Company of Akron. After continuing with them for four years he resigned and became associated with the Crocker-Wheeler Electric Company of Ampere, New Jersey, which he represented in Detroit, Michigan, and the stir- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 767 rounding territory. He was married in 1906 to Miss Lora Hoyt, of Binghamton, New York. The second son, Jay Lee, was born in 1885, and after preparing for college at University School he became associated with the. Cleveland News in the advertising department and remained in that capacity one year. At the end of that time he and his uncle F. C. Wood of Akron bought the Youngstown (Ohio) Evening Telegram. They sold out a year later, however, and J. L. Cross returned to Cleveland, where he took charge of the local advertising for the White Automobile Company. In January, 1909, the Cross-Morton advertising agency was organized with Jay Lee Cross as president. This concern conducts a general advertising business and has contracts with some of the largest manufacturing companies in northern Ohio. He is a member of the Cleveland Advertising Club. On the 3oth of November, 1909, he married Miss Miriam Peebles of Portsmouth, Ohio, a daughter of John Peebles. The daughter, Loraine C. Cross, is a junior in the Hathaway-Brown School. Mr. Cross, when leisure indulges him, gives manifestations of his marked hunting and fishing proclivities. He belongs to a number of Cleveland's prominent clubs, the most of them reflecting his love of sport and out-of-door life. He is a member of the Cleveland Gun Club, the Craine Creek Shooting Club, the Castalia Trout Club, the Euclid Golf Club and formerly belonged to the Cleveland Grays. He is public-spirited and broad-minded and ever loyal to the best interests of the city which has so long been his home. ARTHUR GOUGH. England has given this country some of its best and most reliable citizens. Cleveland has received a fair share of these natives of the mother country, among whom may be mentioned Arthur Gough, who was born in Shefland, England, in January, 1851, a son of Charles and Ann Gough. Until he was fourteen Mr. Gough attended public school and then leaving England came to Buffalo, New York, where he remained for three years. At the expiration of that time he came to Cleveland to go into partnership with his brother in renewing files. Through their excellent work and honorable methods these brothers have built up a good business and have a desirable standing among their competitors. In July, 1884, Mr. Gough was married in Cleveland to Miss Mina Clark, and they have two children : Charles, twenty-four years old ; and Julia, eighteen years old. The family have a pleasant home at No. 424o Archwood avenue. Mr. Gough is a Knight of Pythias, and politically he is a republican, although he has never been willing to accept public office. Hard working and thrifty, he has been able to succeed and deserves a full amount of credit for his efforts. STEPHEN CHUBBUCK. Stephen Chubbuck, well known in the business circles of Cleveland as manager for the White Sewing Machine Company, passed away on the loth of January, 1904. He had attained the age of sixty years, his birth having occurred in Wareham, Massachusetts, on the 22d of June, 1843. His parents were Stephen and Lucy (Spaulding) Chubbuck, the latter a descendant of the famous Spaulding family of Massachusetts. Timothy Chubbuck, the great-great-grandfather of Stephen Chubbuck, was a Minuteman of the Revolutionary war and made his home in Massachusetts. He married Sally Faunce about 1803. She was a lineal descendant of Elder Faunce, one of the Pilgrim Fathers who came to this country 768 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND in a ship following the Mayflower and was very prominent in the councils of the Massachusetts colony. Stephen Chubbuck pursued his early education in the district schools of Wareham and later attended Dr. Mott's private academy, from 1856 until 1859. He then became a student in the Pierce Academy at Middleboro, Massachusetts, where he remained for one term, pursuing a business course. He afterward engaged in teaching school for a year and at the age of eighteen years he accompanied his father's family on their removal to Troy, New York, where he remained for about two years, assisting his father in the building of a nail factory there. In 1861 he came to Cleveland with his parents and aided in erecting a nail factory in this city. In 1863 he went with his father to Buffalo, where he remained until 1865, when he returned to Cleveland and was again his father's associate in business here for about two years. In 1867 he turned his attention to the manufacture of iron fences and continued in that business until 1879. He was afterward connected for a few years with the Domestic Sewing Machine Company and later was for fifteen years office manager for the White Sewing Machine Company in Cleveland and in Buffalo. He remained in the latter city for about nine years and continued in the employ of the White Sewing Machine Company until his demise. He was systematic, accurate and methodical in all his business management and dealings, and his enterprise and industry well qualified him for the important position which he held. On the 28th of August, 1864, Mr. Chubbuck was married to Miss Nellie Mill, a daughter of Nathaniel and Ann (Sleep) Mill, natives of England who came to Cleveland in 1860, the father here engaging in the insurance business. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Chubbuck were born five children: Stephen E., who was born September 6, 1871, and is now manager for the Welsbach Light Company in Baltimore, Maryland ; Arthur Warren, who was born December 2, 1878, and is with the Adams Express Company; Nellie A., who was born May 31, 1866, and died September 1, 1867; Lucy Alice, who was born July 31, 1868, and died March 28, 1870; and Florence Sarah, who was born August 20, 1888, and is a kindergartner in the schools of Cleveland. In his political views Mr. Chubbuck in early life was a democrat but afterward espoused the cause of the republican party. He was also a believer in prohibition princrples, the cause of temperance finding in him a stalwart advocate. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity, the Maccabees Tent, the Royal Arcanum and the Baptist church, and the humanitarian principles and moral teachings of these organizations found endorsement and exemplification in his life. JOHN L. GARTLAND, M. D. Dr. John L. Gartland, who since 1898 has been numbered among the medical practitioners of Cleveland, was born in Norwalk, Connecticut, April 19, 1869. His father, James Gartland, was a native of England, and in that country engaged in commercial pursuits. He also continued in the same line of business in the new world but died when his son was only five or six years of age. The mother, who bore the maiden name of Ellen Daly, died April 19, 1909. Dr. Gartland pursued his early education in the public schools of Waterbury, Connecticut, and his professional training was received in the medical department of the University of New York, from which he was graduated in 1891, with the M. D. degree. He afterward spent one year in post-graduate work in London and Paris and also in Rotunda Hospital in Dublin, Ireland, from which he received the degree of L. M. Following his return to his native land he located in Meriden, Connecticut, where he engaged in the private practice of medicine until 1898, in which year he sought the broader opportunities of a city of the middle west and came to Cleveland, where he has since successfully followed his protes- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 769 sion. He has been assistant surgeon at St. Alexis Hospital for the past nine years and is accorded a liberal patronage, for his ability is pronounced and he is numbered among the capable physicians who are in close touch with modern scientific methods of practice. He belongs to the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. On the 17th of September, 1903, Dr. Gartland was married to Miss Anna Lavan, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. James Lavan, formerly of this city, but now deceased. Dr. and Mrs. Gartland now have an interesting little son, Charles, born January 17, 1907. The family residence is at No. 7705 Hough avenue. The parents are members of St. Agnes Catholic church and Dr. Gartland belongs to the Knights of Columbus and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. He is a man of strong individuality, of keen discernment, marked business ability and professional skill, and in his chosen field of labor has made steady and substantial progress and is well entitled to a liberal and profitable practice. REV. CHARLES ANTHONY RENCK. Rev. Charles Anthony Renck, was born in Cleveland, May 30, 1883, a son of Charles and Elizabeth (Knor) Renck. The former was born November 6, 1848, in Muhlhausen, Alsace, Germany, although Alsace at that time belonged to France, and crossing the Atlantic to the United States in 1872 made his way direct to Cleveland, where he became manager of a yeast manufactory. His wife was born in Solothurn, Switzerland, April 28, 1847, and came to America forty-one years ago, making her way to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and coming to Cleveland two years later. It was in this city that Charles Renck and Elizabeth Knor were married. Rev. C. A. Renck pursued his early education in St. Mary's parish school of this city and afterward attended St. Ignatius College and St. Mary's Seminary, both of Cleveland. He was ordained May 25, 1907, by Bishop Horstinann and said his first mass on the following day in St. Mary's church. He was assigned to duty as assistant pastor at St. Francis' church in Cleveland, where he remained for a year. He was assistant pastor of St. Michael's church, of Cleveland, from July, 1908, until October 28, 1909, when he was transferred to St. Anne's church, Toledo, Ohio. He has always found favor with his parishioners through his devotion to his duty and his interests in their material and spiritual welfare. ALBERT R. DAVIS. The annals of the material development of Cleveland supply incidents of engrossing interest in the promotion of the men whose ability has gradually evolved the present gigantic concerns which control world-wide business and assist in sustaining American supremacy as a manufacturing center. These men have risen because of their own innate power to shape conditions to meet the exigencies of modern progress. Perhaps no better example of the position now occupied by the young American business man of this century is found than that afforded by the successful operations of Albert R. Davis, manager of the Studebaker Auto Company of Cleveland. Mr. Davis was born in Delaware county, Ohio, in 1878, a son of Albert R. Davis, who was born in 1840 in Columbus, Ohio, and spent nearly all of his life in that city, where he was engaged in the manufacture of shoes, being one of the earliest manufacturers of this line of goods in his locality, operating as he did under the title of The Ohio Shoe Company. His death occurred in 1895, but he is survived by his widow, whose maiden name was Jennie Christy. She was born 770 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND in Coshocton, Ohio, in 1849, was married in 1865 and now makes her home in Cleveland. Albert R. Davis, our subject, was educated in the schools of his native county and upon leaving school started in to learn the shoe business under his father's supervision. For three years he remained with him, but then moved to Ravenna, Ohio, where for two years he conducted a retail shoe business. His father dying, he removed to Cleveland in 1896 and established the Grant Tool Company, which he was associated with as secretary until 1901, when he organized the Garford Company with himself as sales manager. During the years which followed until 1907 Mr. Davis built up the sales of this concern to such purpose that he was made secretary of the Cleveland Motor Car Company and that same year was appointed the Cleveland representative of the Studebaker Company. His territory extends over Ohio, Michigan, West Virginia, Pennsylvania and as far east as Philadelphia and south as far as a part of Kentucky. The business has been steady in its growth and owing to the remarkable foresight of Mr. Davis the Cleveland house is the second largest distributing station the company possesses. Some idea of the vast volume of business controlled by him can be obtained from the statement that during the season of 1909 his branch handled four million dollars worth of the products of the company. There are one hundred and eighty-four sub agents who do business through the Cleveland branch. Mr. Davis belongs to a number of clubs, including the Union, the Euclid, Cleveland Athletic, Century Auto, Cleveland Auto, Auto of America, New York Auto, Buffalo Auto and Columbus Auto Clubs. He is a Mason, having attained to the thirty-second degree, belonging to Lake Erie Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Politically he is a republican. In 1899 Mr. Davis married Hortense Tello, who was born in Cleveland, and two children have been born to them, namely : Dorothy, born in 1904 ; and Hortense, born in 1906. The grasp Mr. Davis has upon the details of his immense business is remarkable and comes of close attention to his work and a keen perception of the character and demands of his territory. Being a man of more than ordinary executive ability, he is able to control others and to get from them the best possible results. Possessing the high courage and undaunted perseverance which are prime factors in the making of a successful business man, Mr. Davis has reached a position where he can rest upon the laurels won, although his ambition will without doubt urge him forward to fresh ones. BARTON R. DEMING. Barton R. Deming, a member of the firm of Deming Brothers, needs no introduction to the readers of this volume. A young man of marked enterprise, he contributed his share to the success of this firm-in many respects the leading real-estate concern in Cleveland. He was born in Windsor, Canada, August 21, 1875, and has therefore but little more than completed a third of a century. He comes of English lineage, his grandfather, John Deming, being a representative of an old New England family that was established in Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1641. The father, who was born in Watertown, New York, July 3, 1830, came to Cleveland in the year 1849, remaining in this place but a year, during which time he served as contractor on the Atlantic Railway between Cleveland and Pittsburg. In 1850 he removed to Canada where he became identified with the mercantile and lumber business there, being thus engaged for some time. Subsequently he became connected with the government customs department in an official capacity, in which relation he remained for thirty years, or until his death, which occurred October 5, 1903. He had married Susan B. Wigle, a daughter of Windle and Hannah (Hearsine) Wigle, her birth occurring the 4th of February, 1835, while she passed away on the 3d of April, 1879. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 773 Barton R. Deming, whose name introduces this review, largely acquired his education in the schools of Sarnia, Canada, he being a graduate of the high school of the class of 1892. After leaving school he came to Cleveland in 1893, securing a position in the order department of the Mechanical Rubber Company. He was next with Oglebay, Norton & Company as bookkeeper and subsequently spent two years in the west. In 1903 he joined his brothers in the organization of The Deming Brothers Company, of which he was chosen secretary and treasurer, and in 1908 he was elected to his present position as president and treasurer. He is now bending his energies to administrative direction and executive control. The real-estate operations of the firm have constituted an important chapter in the history of Cleveland for the past six years, the development, upbuilding and adornment of the city being largely promoted through their efforts. They have opened up many of the finest additions in Cleveland and have erected residence property of the highest grade. On the 8th of July, 1908, Mr. Deming laid the foundation for a happy home life in his marriage to Miss Helen Rice, a daughter of T. J. and Eliza A. (Allen) Rice, of Chicago. The Allens were among the pioneer families of Mahoning county, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Deming reside at No. 174 Carlyon road. He finds delight in motoring and yachting, gives stalwart support at the polls to the republican party, cooperates in the progressive movements for municipal welfare instituted by the Chamber of Commerce and finds social delight in his membership in the Euclid Club. ELDEN J. HOPPLE. Elden J. Hopple, a member of the law firm of McCullough, Alden & Hopple, was born in. Craw ford county, Ohio, February 5, 1881. His grandfather, Reuben Hopple, was a native of Northampton county, Pennsylvania, and came of French ancestry, the first representatives of the name in America crossing the Atlantic with Lafayette during the Revolutionary war and taking part in the battle of Trenton. After the close of hostilities between the colonies and the mother country the two brothers, who had done military service, decided to remain in the new world, and the family was thus established in Pennsylvania. Reuben Hopple continued a resident of Northampton county until 1856, when he removed to Ohio, where he followed the occupation of farming. His death occurred February 27, 1899. Jeremiah Hopple, the father of Elden J. Hopple, was born m Northampton county, Pennsylvania, December 5, 1847, and was only a young lad when he accompanied his parents to Crawford county, Ohio, where he was reared to farm life, early becoming familiar with the duties and labors that fall to the lot of the agriculturist. He carried on general farming as his life work and in community affairs was also interested. He filled the position of township trustee and other offices and gave his political support to the democracy, while his religious belief was indicated in his membership in the Methodist Episcopal church and his active work for its advancement. He married Martha Schieber, who was born in Crawford county, Ohio, July 7, 1854, and is still living. Her father, Christopher Schieber, was born in Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1820 and soon after arriving in the United States established his home in Ohio, where he lived until his death on the 15th of December, 1889. After attending the public schools of Crawford county Elden J. Hopple continued his education in Heidelberg College at Tiffin, Ohio, for three years. He afterward spent some time as a student in a law office and completed his course in the Franklin T. Backus School of Law, which is the law department of the Western Reserve University. In 1905 he was admitted to the bar and in the fall of that year began practice alone in Cleveland. On the 1st of January, 1906, he 774 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND became a member of the present firm of Alden & Hopple and has since continued in general practice, the firm of McCullough, Alden & Hopple being formed on the 1st of .September, 1909. He taught in the rural schools during a part of the time for four years while pursuing his college course, thus providing for his own support and meeting the expenses of his education. This was an indication of the elemental strength of his character, a strength that has since carried him into important relations with the legal fraternity of Cleveland, for he is winning for himself a creditable position as one of the younger representatives of the bar of this city. Mr. Hopple is an active worker in the ranks of the democratic party and has served as a delegate to the county and state conventions. He also belongs to the Twenty-second Ward Democratic Club and is a charter member of Brenton T. Babcock Lodge, No. 600, F. & A. M. It seems that his choice of life work was wisely made for he is advancing steadily in the field of his chosen labor and, at the same time, he is not unmindful of the duties and obligations of citizenship, but labors at all times for what he believes to be the public welfare. T. D. McGILLICUDDY. As long as the American people have interest in the history of the country so long will the loyal citizen thrill with the story of him whose bravery and loyalty were manifest on the battlefields of the south when the country became involved in the greatest civil war that the world has ever known. T. D. McGillicuddy now historian of Post No. 141, G. A. R., and a compiler and publisher of many military histories, wore the blue uniform throughout the period of hostilities between the two sections of the country, and in the years which have since elapsed has been accorded distinction and honor in the ranks of that splendid association which is formed of veterans of the Union cause. Mr. McGillicuddy was born in Louisville, Kentucky, December 1, 1835. The name of McGillicuddy is traced back in history to 234 A. D. and in the early centuries of the Christian era the McGillicuddy estates were vast. The branch of the family to which Mr. McGillicuddy belongs is descended from the McGillicuddys of McGillicuddy Reeks, Ireland. Representatives of the name during the Spanish and French wars in 1640 served in both armies with the rank of general. Captain McGillicuddy is the president and compiler of the McGillicuddy Association, a volume which he completed in 1907. This association holds its yearly reunion in the east and Captain McGillicuddy has succeeded in locating and bringing together hundreds of the descendants of the family. The McGillicuddy coat of arms was officially recognized by the Irish authorities August 23, 1688. Daniel and Julia A. (Hurley) McGillicuddy, parents of T. D. McGillicuddy, removed from Louisville to Cleveland during his boyhood days and in the public schools of this city he pursued his education to his graduation from the Central high school in 1854. In 1856 he removed to Hannibal, Missouri, and was engaged in railroading and in other business pursuits until the outbreak of the Civil war. He watched with interest the progress of events in the south, noted the threatening attitude of the states that later formed the Confederacy and resolved that if a blow were struck to overthrow the Union he would stand loyally in its defense. The smoke of Fort Sumter's guns, therefore, had scarcely cleared away when, on the 17th of April, 1861, he enlisted at Hannibal in Company B, Marion Battalion of the United States Reserve Corps, and at the organization of the company was unanimously chosen first lieutenant. The battalion's service was tendered the government through General W. S. Harney, then in command at St. Louis, but was rejected on account of the state's neutrality Soon afterward General Nat Lyon succeeded General Harney and at once accepted the proffered service, ordering the command to St. Louis to be mustered in, armed and drilled. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 775 Lieutenant McGillicuddy participated in all the engagements of this command from the capture of Camp Jackson and streets of St. Louis, May 10, 1861, to Wilson's Creek, August 1o, and the surrender of Lexington, Missouri, September 19, 1861. There the command was robbed, paroled and turned loose. After reaching the Union lines Lieutenant McGillicuddy organized another company from the survivors of the surrender and joined an Illinois command. On October 5, 1861, he was commissioned captain of Company K, Fiftieth Illinois Volunteer Infantry, which regiment was assigned to the Army of the Tennessee and took part in all the engagements of that army from the capture of Fort Henry to the fall of Savannah. Captain McGillicuddy was ill with typhoid fever at Corinth from June to October, 1862, and on the 23d of March, 1864, at Moulton, Alabama, was severely wounded in an encounter with Roddy's Cavalry. He was in command of the regiment on the march to the sea and was mustered out at Savannah, Georgia, January I, 1865. His military service was characterized by unfaltering performance of every duty whether on the firing line or the lonely picket line. Returning to civil life, Captain McGillicuddy took up his abode in Akron, Ohio, and was there married November 13, 1867, to Miss Frances L., the only daughter of Dr. Israel E. and Mary (Williamson) Carter, both of whom are now deceased. Unto the marriage was born one daughter, Kate L. In 1884 he was compelled to relinquish active business pursuits by reason of continued ill health and to seek relief in the mountains of Colorado, during which time he succeeded in organizing the Association of Illinois' Ex-Soldiers in that state and became its first president. From the time of the organization of the Grand Army of the Republic he took an active part in its work, becoming a charter member of Buckley Post, No. 12, G. A. R., at Akron, Ohio. He served as post commander from 1873 until 1879; was assistant quartermaster general in 1875; junior vice department commander in 1876; judge advocate general in 1879; assistant adjutant general in 1880; district mustering officer in 1882 ; district inspector in 1884-85; delegate to the national encampments in 1870, 1875, 1883, 1885 and 1886. He is widely known in the ranks of the Grand Army of the Republic and he is esteemed and loved by all his old comrades. On the 15th of October, 1875, with others, he inaugurated a movement resulting in the establishment of the Ohio National Guard and served as adjutant for five years in the Eighth Regiment, "McKinley's Own." Following his first retirement from business and his return to Ohio after a long sojourn in Colorado, he was appointed in 1886 by Governor J. B. Foraker, superintendent of the State House and Grounds, at Columbus, Ohio. In March, 1897, he removed to Cleveland and in November, 1899, transferred his membership to Memorial Post, No. 141, G. A. R., and became its historian. He is recognized as one of the best military historians in the country and has compiled and published many different works. He figured in connection with the presentation of a flag which is now in General Grant's tomb at Riverside, New York. This flag was made in the spring of 1861 in Hannibal, Missouri, and was presented by George H. Shields, July 4, 1861, to Company B, Marion Battalion, Third Missouri Service or United States Reserve Corps. In this connection a contemporary publication has said : "At the close of the service Lieutenant T. D. McGillicuddy, with a number of others, became a part of Company K, Fiftieth Illinois Infantry. December 26, 1861, the regiment then being at St. Joseph, Missouri, a delegation of loyal citizens of Hannibal, composed of Captain Robert Tufts, Josiah Young, Joseph E. Streeter and Spencer C. Tilbie, arrived in camp and on dress parade in behalf of old Company B and people interested, presented the same old flag to Company K. Strange, but true, the regiment upon leaving Quincy, Illinois, October 9. 1861, had not received its colors from the state, using the flag of the Quincy Cadets until January 21, 1862, returning it as the regiment passed through Quincy on its way south. At the request of Colonel Moses M. Bane, Captain T. D. McGillicuddy granted the use of this flag to the regiment, conditioned that he should select the color bearer. Selecting Sergeant St. Clair Watts, of Company K, it was borne through Fort Henry, Tennessee, and was the first 776 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND flag on the works of Fort Donelson, Tennessee, at Shiloh, Tennessee, siege of Corinth, Mississippi, at Booneville, Mississippi, Town Creek and Tuscumbia, Alabama, and a short time before the second battle of Corinth, Mississippi, was replaced by its first stand from the state and returned to Captain T. D. McGillicuddy, who, after keeping it forty years, on July 18, 1901, brought it to Hannibal to return it to the donors, and finding that time had removed them, left it with appropriate ceremonies in the custody of William T. Sherman Post 43, G. A. R., Department of Missouri. October 14, 1903, W. T. Sherman Post proposed to return this flag to the Reunion Association of the Fiftieth Illinois Infantry. On November 6, a committee from the association, Samuel E. Hewes, Quartermaster Lieutenant J. W. Anderson and Adjutant Charles F. Hubert, with a number of friends received it with due ceremony from the Post at Hannibal, Missouri. At the reunion of the association, October 5-6, 1904, General Greenville M. Dodge proffered a request for the association to place this flag in General Grant's tomb at Riverside, New York, as one of the flags allotted from Illinois. The request was cheerfully granted by the association and interested friends, believing it to be most appropriate as the flag under which General Grant won his first and most signal victory with the title "Unconditional Surrender Grant." In addition to his active interest and work in the Grand Army of the Republic, Captain McGillicuddy has figured in other connections. In politics he is a stalwart republican and has preserved many relics of the early days of the party, having the first ticket which he ever voted, thereby supporting Abraham Lincoln for the presidency. On the 5th of September, 1867, he became a charter member of Cascade Division, No. 306, Sons of Temperance, and has taken an active part in this work, filling positions in the order from worthy patriarch to grand worthy patriarch of the state of Ohio. He has also been a charter member of Akron Lodge, No. 547, I. 0. 0. F., and still holds membership with the Odd Fellows and the Masons. He and Colonel 0. J. Hodge are the only living members of the old Forest City Lyceum, a literary association, that went out of existence in 1858. Such in brief is the history of one of the honored veterans of the Civil war—a man whose high character and personal worth have gained him a firm hold on the affection of those who were his comrades in arms. ALEXANDER H. KIRKWOOD. Alexander H. Kirkwood, treasurer and assistant secretary of the Cleveland Telephone Company, is one of the most reliable and solid business men of this city. He was born in Washington, District of Columbia, in 1858, but was brought to Cleveland in 1862 by his parents. In that year his father, A. W. Kirkwood, and his uncle, J. H. Kirkwood, opened the Weddell House, which at that time was the finest hotel in the city. This they operated many years, finally removing to Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in 1873, where they opened the Kirkwood House on the corner of Market and Third streets. In 1876, A. W. Kirkwood went to Berkley Springs, Virginia, and opened the Berkley Springs Hotel, which he conducted for some time. Alexander H. Kirkwood was educated in the Harrisburg Academy, which was a preparatory school for Yale and other famous universities, but in 1879 he returned to Cleveland and entered the employ of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad, as clerk in the freight office, under A. B. Hough, who was freight agent. After a year he entered the employ of J. T. Wamelink & Company, piano dealers, as bookkeeper, continuing there a year. In June, 1882, Mr. Kirkwood became connected with the Cleveland Telephone Company as head bookkeeper, at which time the exchange had less than one thousand patrons. He grew with the company, being advanced to the position of assistant cashier, then was made cashier. Later he became treasurer and assistant secretary, and his HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 779 association with the company, which has been so long, is a pleasant as well as important one. In 1887 Mr. Kirkwood married Cora E. Papworth, of this city. She died in 1906, leaving a daughter, Miss Caroline M., who was graduated from the Shaw high school in June, 1909, and then entered Western Reserve University. Mr. Kirkwood is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and of the Cleveland School of Art. He is a Mason, being connected with Halcyon Lodge, No. 498, A. F. & A. M., and Thatcher Chapter, No. 101, R. A. M. His religious affiliations are with the Episcopal church-St. Paul's of East Cleveland. Without doubt much of the success of his present company is due to the progressive efforts of Mr. Kirkwood. His efforts have not all been confined to his business, however, for he takes a broad-gauged interest in civic affairs, and, while never an office seeker, he has cheerfully supported all measures looking toward the advancement of the general prosperity of his community, of which he is so proud. His contributions to church work and religious endeavor have been liberal, and he justly deserves the confidence his whole life inspires. WILLIAM C. NORTH. William C. North, one of Cleveland's native sons, who is now active in the management and control of an important business enterprise, is the secretary and treasurer of the Ferry Cap & Set Screw Company. He was born March 22, 1853, a son of William C. North and a grandson of Benjamin and Hannah (Mosher) North. The family is of English lineage and was founded in America at an early period in the colonization of Connecticut, the first of the name in the new world being three brothers, John, James and William North, who were the ancestors of nearly all of the American family of Norths. John North, the direct ancestor of our subject, came from England in 1635. The Norths were active in defense of the colonies in the Revolutionary war. William C. North, the father of our subject, was born in New York state in 1817 and became a photographer by profession. In 1849 he arrived in Cleveland, where he established a photographic studio, conductmg business here for many years. He was prominent in the Methodist church as a lay preacher and was also active in municipal affairs, serving as a member of the city council. He died in 1890. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Anna Mahan, was born in 1829 and was a daughter of Asa and Mary Hartwell (Dix) Mahan, of Oberlin, Ohio. Her father was the first president of Oberlin College, so continuing from 1835 until 1850. His daughter, Mrs. North, still survives and is now living in Cleveland. She has been active in charitable and benevolent work of the city, lhas served for many years as secretary of the board of managers of the Lakeside Hospital and was deeply interested in the Infants Rest, acting also as a member of its board. William C. North, whose name initiates this review, attended the Rockwell Street school and the Central high school and entered business life in a bank at Green Bay, Wisconsin, where he served as messenger and clerk for two years. Following his return to Cleveland. he was for seven years with the Ohio National Bank as correspondence clerk and afterward entered the employ of the Lamson & Sessions Company, as general office manager. Subsequently he traveled for six years and then became connected with the National Screw & Tack Company, and later organized the Cleveland Bolt & Manufacturing Company, its chief product being the North bolt, which was invented and patented by Mr. North. He served as treasurer and general manager of the company until 1902, when he became associated with the Union Steel Screw Company and for two years acted as manager of its bolt department. In 1906 he joined George North, Isaac P. Lamson, C. H. Sessions and Thomas Ferry in organizing the Ferry Cap & Set 780 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Screw Company, of which he was chosen secretary and treasurer. His previous experience in business lines well equipped him for the duties which devolved upon him in this connection and, moreover, he has marked mechanical skill, which enables him to understand the practical workings of the factory, while in the office he gives his attention to constructive efforts and administrative direction. On the 3d of November, 1879, Mr. North was united in marriage to Miss Hannah Clark Graham, a daughter of J. G. and Hannah (Clark) Graham, of Cleveland. Her maternal grandfather was Diodate Clark, in whose honor Clark avenue was named, for he was one of the pioneer residents of Cuyahoga county, arriving about 1817. Mrs. North pursued her education in Oberlin College at Oberlin, Ohio, and Wells College at Aurora, New York, and by her marriage became the mother of two children: Marienne Dix, who is a graduate of Hathaway- Brown School, of Cleveland, and Bradford Academy, of Bradford, Massachusetts ; and Harold Diodate, who was graduated from the University School, Cleveland, and from Cornell University in 1907, while at the present time he is associated with the Ferry Cap & Set Screw Company. The family residence is at No. 33 Roxbury Road, East Cleveland. Mr. North is a charter member of the Colonial Club and his social qualities render him a favorite with his fellow members of that organization. He is a republican in politics but at local elections votes independently. When his business interests allow him leisure he enjoys hunting and fishing but his time is largely given to the development of an enterprise which is one of the growing concerns of the city and a substantial factor in the commercial and industrial status of Cleveland. His business probity stands as an unquestioned fact in his career and at all times his efforts have been intelligently directed. U. S. GRANT STOKE. U. S. Grant Stoke is the president of the Lindsay Fence Company, one of the flourishing industries of Cleveland. His birth occurred in Tyrone, Pennsylvania, on the 9th of May, 1865, his parents being William and Margaret Stoke. The paternal grandfather, Samuel Stoke, was a native of Hagerstown, Maryland, and a farmer by occupation. His demise occurred in 1880. William Stoke was born in Hagerstown, Maryland, on the 7th of March, 1828. For some years he taught school in Tyrone, Pennsylvania, but in 1863 he enlisted in the Union Army and fought gallantly until his honorable discharge in 1865. After returning home he engaged in a planing mill and contracting business at Tyrone, there continuing until 1870, when he went to Altoona, Pennsylvania, where he was actively identified with the same line of business until his death in 1905. U. S. Grant Stoke, whose name introduces this review, attended the public schools until thirteen years of age and then became an apprentice in his father's mill, where he remained until 1883. In that year he went to Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, where he secured employment as a millwright in a planing mill, being thus engaged for three years. Coming to Cleveland in 1886, he entered the employ of Monroe Brothers and remained in their service until 1892. In that year he went to West Virginia and conducted a planing mill for nine months. After returning to Cleveland he served for three years as foreman of the W. T. Lindsay mill and during this period took up special courses of study at the Central Institute, thus securing the technical knowledge which he felt he needed. He next engaged with the Carleton Lumber Company as foreman, acting in that capacity until 1902, when he entered into partnership with Mrs. W. T. Lindsay. Later they organized and incorporated the Lindsay Fence Company, of which Mr. Stoke was elected vice president and secretary, while Mrs. Lindsay was made president. In 1906 Mr. Stoke bought out the other interests and himself HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 781 became president and treasurer. The Lindsay Fence Company is the only concern manufacturing the Lindsay fence and they also conduct an extensive lumber business. Mr. Stoke is a man of keen discrimination and sound judgment, and his executive ability and excellent management have proven important elements in the success which has attended his undertakings. On the 29th of December, 1887, Mr. Stoke was united in marriage to Miss Rose M. Lange, and they reside at No. 11204 Ashbury avenue. Mrs. Stoke is a daughter of John H. and Mary (Hecht) Lange, both natives of Germany, coming to Cleveland in 1854. Mr. Stoke belongs to the National Union and the Builders Exchange, in both of which organizations he is prominent. He is also a member of the Republican Club. In religious faith he is a Protestant. Mr. Stoke is recognized as a power in his special lines of business and is constantly striving to extend his territory and to expand his trade. He is a man of wide experience and exceptional executive force and, since he has become its head, the Lindsay Fence Company has made rapid progress. GEORGE I. VAIL. The period of his residence in Cleveland firmly established George I. Vail in the regard and esteem of his fellowmen and, though twenty-one years have passed since he was called from this life, his memory is yet cherished in the hearts of many who knew him. A native of Louisville, Kentucky, he was born in 1833, and pursued his education in the schools of that city. When a young man he became a resident of Ohio, settling in Norwalk, where he entered into active relations with the oil business and with the development of the industry he became connected with the Standard Oil Company in the capacity of auditor, removing to Cleveland in 1872 to enter upon the duties of the position. For many years he was very active in the company, continuing a factor in its successful control and development until his health failed in 1884 and he put aside the arduous cares of business life. Subsequently he traveled for the benefit of his health and spent his winters in Florida, until his demise in 1888. While residing in Norwalk, Mr. Vail was married to Miss Fanny Case, a daughter of William Case, of that place, and unto them were born a daughter and son, Mrs. William Knight and George I. Vail, both of Cleveland. Mr. Vail was a very active and influential member of the Old Stone church, doing all in his power to further its interests and extend its influence. He was public spirited in a notable degree, withholding his cooperation from no movement which he deemed of value in promoting the city's progress. Moreover, he was most charitable, extending a helping hand wherever aid was needed, but while recognized as a forceful and progressive business man and a leading citizen, his best traits of character were reserved for his own home and fireside, his relation there being largely of an ideal character. WILLIAM S. BLAU. Every big city affords countless opportunities for the establishment and development of large industries which control important financial interests and give employment to many employes. Such a concern is operated under the name of The Friedman-Blau-Farber Company, manufacturers of knit goods, with William S. Blau as treasurer. He was born in Austria, September 7, 1865, a son of Samuel and Katherine Blau. The father was also born in Austria and came direct to Cleveland upon leaving his native land in 1865, engaging in the manufacture of tinware until his demise in 1875. 782 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND William S. Blau attended the public schools here until he was fifteen years of age and then engaged with Cohn, Sampliner & Company, dealers in wholesale notions, with whom he remained for three years. During this time he was learning business methods and fitting himself for a better position, and in 1883 established himself in business with H. Friedman on Bank street, where the company was located until 1904, when a removal was made to the five-story modern brick building on East Thirty-seventh and Perkins avenue. In that same year the company was incorporated with Mr. Blau as treasurer. They manufacture a general line of fancy knit goods and have built up an immense trade, extending over a wide territory because of the excellence of their product and manner of dealing with their jobbers. They give employment to over four hundred employes in their factory alone and ship their goods all over the United States. On October 20, 1892, Mr. Blau was married in Cleveland to Miss Sloss, and they have four children as follows : Katherine, aged sixteen years, who attends high school, making a specialty of music ; William S., Jr., fourteen years old, attending the public schools ; Sol, twelve years old, and Alan, six years old, both attending the public schools. The family residence is at No. 2411 Fortieth street. Mr. Blau belongs to the Excelsior and Oakwood Clubs. In politics he is a republican but not active in public matters. He and his family attend the Willson Avenue Temple. Mr. Blau is one of the live, progressive business men of the city, whose industry and ability have aided in the general upbuilding of Cleveland as a manufacturing center, and the prosperity of his house is largely due to his personal efforts. VIRGIL G. MARANI. Varied have been the experiences of Virgil G. Marani, in whose veins flows the blood of Italian and Scotch ancestors. A native of sunny Italy, his early youth was spent amid the heather-clad hills of Scotland and then for nine years he was upon the high seas. Through the period of his maturity he has been connected with civil and construction engineering, m which capacity he occupies a prominent position in professional circles in Cleveland. He was born in the province of Emilia, Italy, in 1868. His father, Caesar Marani, was a native of the same locality and a man of prominence there. He was a soldier under Garibaldi and a friend of the late Victor Emanuel. He acted as speaker in the parliament of Modena and exerted a widely felt influence in public affairs. His death occurred in 1881. Various representatives of the family participated in the Italian wars and their military history constitutes an inspiring lesson of valor and patriotism. Sophia Rutherford, the mother of Virgil G. Marani, was of Scotch descent and a daughter of Major Rutherford, of the English army. She formed the acquaintance of Caesar Marani when he was Italian consul to Dublin, and gave her consent when he sought her hand in marriage. Her death occurred in 1873 Virgil G. Marani spent his youthful days with his mother's people in Scotland, pursuing his education in the public schools to the age of twelve years, when he ran away and went to sea. He was in the service until twenty-one years of age, during which period he sailed to all parts of the world, visiting almost every port. He twice circumnavigated the globe and was promoted through all the intermediat positions in the sailing service to that of second mate on one of the leading sailing vessels. He made a model of this ship and exhibits it with justifiable pride, for it is a masterpiece of workmanship. At his mother's death he inherited a part of her estate and afterward crossed the Atlantic to Toronto, Canada, where he joined his brother and took up the study of civil engineering in the Toronto University, from which he was graduated with the degree of Civil Engineer in 1893. He then began practice in the United States, crossing over the border to HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 785 Buffalo, where he won almost immediate and notable success, having an extensive practice as the assistant to a Mr. White of that city. In 1895 Mr. Marani came to Cleveland and received a minor appointment from Mayor Farley in the engineering department. Ere he left the city service he had worked his way gradually upward until he became assistant engineer in charge of sewers under Walter P. Rice. In 1896 he was appointed constructing engineer for the Cleveland Gas Light & Coke Company and during his connection therewith rebuilt their entire plant, more than doubling its capacity. He was with the company for ten years, or until 1906, resigning his position when the business passed into other hands. He then opened an office on his own account as constructing engineer and gas expert. He now has a large practice in building construction and is acting as assistant to Mr. Hamilton, who is engaged on the erection of the Cuyahoga county courthouse. To this position he was appointed by the building commission. He is a member of the Amercan Gas Institute and a director of the Vandalia Gas Company at Casey, Illinois. In January, 191o, Mr. Marani was appointed city building inspector of the city of Cleveland under Mayor Baehr. In 1895 Mr. Marani was married to Miss Mary Barr, daughter of the late Rev. Barr, of Brantford, Canada, and their two children are Giovanina and Virginia. Mr. Marani belongs to the United Commercial Travelers. His social qualities are the source of a growing popularity that has made him many friends. His professional skill and ability, based on comprehensive study and broad experience, constitute the foundation of a satisfactory success for he is today widely known as a civil and construction engineer and is accorded an extensive patronage. ALBERT I. CIVINS, M, D. Comprehensive knowledge of the science of pharmacy, as well as of the principles of the medical profession, well qualify Dr. Albert I. Civins for the duties which he has taken upon himself as his life work. He was born in Russia, November 28, 1875. His father, Dr. Samuel Civins, was a physician, who served as a surgeon in the Russian army, his death resulting from an accident while he was still in the service in 1885. He was at that time fifty-four years of age. His wife, who in her maidenhood was Anna Fischer, is also a native of Russia, and is still living at the age of sixty-five years, her home being now in Montreal, Canada. Dr. Albert I. Civins spent his youthful days in his native town of Riga and pursued his education in the gymnasium there to the age of fifteen years. He then crossed the Atlantic to the new world, setting first in Philadelphia, where he took up the study of pharmacy in the Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, from which he was graduated with the degree of Ph. G. in 1895. Immediately afterward he came to Cleveland and began preparation for the work that now devolved upon him as a student in the medical department of the Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he was graduated with the M. D. degree in 1901. He then went to New York and served as interne in the New York Lying-in Hospital in 190102. He did post-graduate work in the Medico-Chirurgical College and Hospital of Philadelphia in 1902-3 and in the Philadelphia School of Anatomy the same year. He has always held high standards in his profession and has thus utilized every means to broaden his knowledge and promote his efficiency. In September, 1903 he returned to Cleveland, where he entered upon the general practice of medicine, in which he still continues. He has now a good patronage which he has won by reason of his comprehensive understanding of the principles of medicine and surgery and his conscientious performance of all professional duties. He is not unknown to the medical fraternity through his occasional contributions to medical journals and keeps in touch with the profession as a member of the 786 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND American Medical Association, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Cleveland Academy of Medicine and the Germ Medical Society of Cleveland, of which he is treasurer. In more specifically fraternal lines Dr. Civins is connected with the Knights of Pythias and the Royal League. He resides at Fifty-fifth street and Woodland avenue and is a gentleman of becoming modesty, of unfailing courtesy and of geniality. These qualities have won him the friendly regard of all with whom professional or social relations have brought him in contact and the number of his friends is constantly increasing as the circle of his acquaintance broadens. On October 19, 1909, Dr. Civins was united in marriage to Miss Bertha, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Joseph Zsupnyik, by Rabbi Moses J. Gries. She graduated from the Central high school in 1899 and from the Normal school in 1901. GUSTAVE FROEHLICH. Gustave Froehlich is entitled to the esteem of his fellow citizens for he has always worked faithfully and hard, and done his full duty wherever he has been employed. Now he is conducting a business of his own, doing a general horse-shoeing and carriage-making business. He was born in Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, April 29, 1857, a son of Mattheus and Magdalina Froehlich. He went to school until he was fourteen, in his native land, after which he learned the carriage-making and horse-shoeing trades, continuing as an apprentice for three years. Later he served for three years in the German army. After his discharge, he came to Cleveland where he easily obtained employment with the Lake Shore Railroad as freight handler for eighteen months and subsequently worked for the Otis Steel Company, for another eighteen months as a helper. He then was with Martin Haas, carriage maker, for two years. By this time he had gained a good knowledge of the language and customs of the country, had saved a little money and was thus ready to start into the carriage making and horse-shoeing business which he is now conducting so successfully at No. 2317 St. Clair avenue. On May 17, 1883, Mr. Froehlich married Miss Lena Miller and they have two children : Lilly and Minnie. He is a member of the Alsace--Lorraine Verein. In politics he is independent, voting for the man he thinks will give the city the best government. In religious matters he affiliates with the German Lutheran church. In his life Mr. Froehlich has shown how useful the Germans are to their adopted country, and what good citizens they develop into. CHARLES HENRY MORLEY. Charles H. Morley, one of the active and enterprising business men of Cleveland, whose close application and intelligently directed energy led him to a prominent position in commercial circles, was born in Painesville, Ohio, March 15, 1837. His father, Albert Morley, was a native of New York state, and his mother bore the maiden name of Esther Healey. Reared in the city of his nativity, Charles H. Morley pursued his education in its public schools and at Hudson, Ohio. He afterward went to Davenport, Iowa, where he engaged in business for some time and subsequently removed to Kansas. The year 1886 witnessed his arrival in Cleveland and he joined his brother in the J. H. Morley White Lead & Paint Company. In this connection they built up a very extensive and profitable business, which was conducted by them until it was absorbed by the trust. Charles H. Morley, however, remained in business in Cleveland until his death and became recognized as a reliable man of marked enterprise and unfailing HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 789 energy. He was always interested in the growth of Cleveland and its business development and had great confidence in the city. He recognized, moreover, that its progress must depend upon its citizens and he therefore did his full share in promoting the work of general upbuilding. In addition to his other business pursuits Mr. Morley was a stockholder in the First National Bank of Cleveland and also in the Gas Company and his business judgment was regarded as sound and reliable by all his associates and colleagues. In Painesville, Ohio, on the 7th of September, 1864, Mr. Morley was united in marriage to Miss Mary Lee Perkins, who was born and reared in Ohio. They became the parents of two children, Julia and Margaretta, the latter now Mrs. Wilcox, of Hamilton, Ontario. Mrs. Morley was a daughter of William L. Perkins, a native of Connecticut, who became a very prominent attorney of Painsville who not only figured in the practice of law but was also active in framing the legislation of the state, being called by his district to the general assembly. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Marguerite Oakley, was a native of New York city. Their daughter, Mrs. Morley, has made her home in Cleveland since 1886 and has a large circle of warm friends here. The death of Mr. Morley occurred October 9, 1889. He was a member of the Union Club, in which he had many friends and he also atttended St. Paul's Episcopal church. His political belief was in accord with the principles of the republican party and though he never sought nor desired office, few men have been more deeply interested in the welfare of the city or state to bring about its substantial growth and upbuilding in greater measure. He was widely recognized as a man of genuine personal worth, whose strength of character was at once felt in the city of his adoption, his general usefulness and activity making his worth so widely acknowledged that his death was the occasion of deep and widespread regret. DAN PFAHL. Some men become leaders through natural ability and their grasp of situations and their knowledge of events naturally force them into accepting offices of a public character. To their skillful hands are relegated the affairs of state and through them conies much of our best legislation. Cleveland is a city noted for its magnificent public works, its miles of paved streets, its unsurpassed police force and the many splendid ordinances passed by its wise city fathers. One of those who has lent his influence toward securing the best of everything for the city both as a private citizen and member of the council, is Dan Pfahl, whose offices are conveniently located at 814 Columbia building, while his residence is at No. 4011 Riverside avenue. Mr. Pfahl was born in Glenville, Ohio, August 16, 1875, a son of Frederick and Amanda Pfahl, the former of whom was born in Germany in 1p. He came to America with his parents when four years old, they locating in Cleveland. There Frederick Pfahl grew up, learning the trade of a cooper, and he followed it until machinery replaced much of the hand work, after which he began manufacturing bolts but is now retired from business and lives in Lakewood. His wife was born in Cleveland in 1848, a daughter of Daniel Stanard, a pioneer lake captain. Her uncle was one of the first lighthouse keepers on Lake Erie, once owning and residing on the present site of the Central armory. Stanard Rocks in Lake Huron was named for the Stanard family. His mother died when our subject was three years old, having borne her husband five children. These little ones, left motherless at a tender age, were placed in the Father Sampson Home on Detroit avenue where Dan Pfahl lived until six years old. Being a bright, attractive child, he was adopted by Benjamin Smith and wife, being taken by them to Stafford county, Kansas. There he went to school 790 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND until he was fourteen years old. From the time he was fourteen until he was seventeen, in 1892, he worked on a farm, but in that year he returned to Cleveland and for a year worked for the Lamson & Sessions Nut & Bolt Company, after which he became associated with the Upson Nut & Bolt Company. At the expiration of three years, he learned the hardwood finishing trade with the Auld-Conger Company, of Cleveland, leaving them on account of ill health. In order to secure outdoor work, Mr. Pfahl painted houses' for one season and then became manager of a bowling alley, when that sport first became so popular. He next entered construction work, the building of pavements and sewers, being associated with the Trinidad Paving Company and the Vorce Engineering Company, with whom he remained until 1907, when he commenced the business of handling sand and gravel for himself. In all of these changes, he endeavored to better himself and in every instance gave the best of his efforts for the party employing him. In this way he made many friends, was brought into contact with men, and grew to realize his political power. Therefore when he was placed on the democratic ticket as the candidate for alderman from the seventh ward, Mr. Pfahl was elected in April, 1903, by a good majority, for a term of one year. During his occupancy of the office, the term was extended seven months by act of the legislature. So remarkably popular had he become by this time with the people of his ward, that he was elected for a two-year term, serving his ward until 1907, when he was chosen a councilman-at-large. Among other measures, Mr. Pfahl is the father of the famous Pfahl anti-fireworks ordinance, which prohibited the sale and use of fireworks in the city and placed Cleveland among the advanced communities upon this very important matter. He is chairman of the building code committee and member of other important committees, his long service rendering him a very valuable addition to any of them. On September, 17, 1901, Mr. Pfahl was married to Gertrude Panther, a daughter of F. W. Panther, a dealer in hardware of this city. One child was born of the marriage but died in infancy. Mr. Pfahl belongs to the Sycamore Club, of which he was president in 1904 ; is a member of the Tuxedo Club and the Heights Maennerchoir, one of the oldest organizations of its kind in the city. Mr. Pfahl has taken an active part in shaping public sentiment whenever the welfare of the city has been at stake and is a representative of its best type of citizen. CHARLES J. DECKMAN. Charles J. Deckman was born February 1861, m Stark county, Ohio, and is a son of George and Mary B. Deckman. He received his education in the public schools at Malvern, Ohio, and, on leaving school at the age of eighteen, became associated with his father in the manufacture of furniture. In 1887, he became general manager, secretary and treasurer of The Malvern Clay Company, and in 1907, on the consolidation of. the Collinwood Shale Brick Company, The Carrollton Granite Brick Company, and The Malvern Clay Company, as The Deckman-Duty Brick Company, he was elected vice president and secretary, which positions are being filled by him at this writing. Mr. Deckman is recognized as a successful business man, and the company with which he is associated is the largest and most important industry of its kind in the city. On the 21 st day of February, 1883, Mr. Deckman was united in marriage, in Hicksville, Ohio, to Miss Rachel Miller, a daughter of Simon and Samantha Miller, of Minerva, Ohio. To this union have been born two sons : Frank Miller, who was born January 1, 1885, and died April 26, 1889; and Charles George, born December 11, 1890, who is now attending the University of Notre Dame, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 791 Indiana, and resides with his parents at the family residence, No. 212o East Eighty-third street. Mr. Deckman is a member of several secret and fraternal societies : Nimicilla Lodge, No. 39, I. 0. 0. F.; Canton Tent, No. 1 1, K. 0. T. M.; Lookout Camp, No. 466, Sons of Veterans; Malvern Lodge, No. 294, K. P.; Preux Chevalier Company, No. 3, U. R. K. of P.; Jan Ben Jan Temple, No. 27, D. 0. K. K.; Bankers Lodge, No. 377, Pathfinder ; Forest City Lodge, No. 388, F. & A. M.; Cleveland Council, No. 36, R. & S. M.; Webb Chapter, No. 14, R. A. M.; Oriental Commandery, No. 12, K. T.; Elidah Lodge of Perfection 14̊ and Lake Erie Consistory, S. P. R. S., 32̊. Of these fraternal organizations, Mr. Deckman has served as commander of the Ohio Division Sons of Veterans m 1890 and 1891, and grand chancellor of the domain of Ohio Knights of Pythias, in 1902 and 1903. In politics he is a republican and in religion, a Protestant. His home and social relations and his interest in public affairs constitute an even balance in his business ability. AUGUSTINE R. TREADWAY. Augustine R. Treadway, who since 1879 has been connected with manufacturing interests of Cleveland and is now president of the Peck, Stow & Wilcox Company, in his life history illustrates the possibilities for successful accomplishment when the individual is possessed of a will to dare and to do, brooking no obstacles that can be overcome by determined, persistent and honorable effort. Through the stages of gradual advancement Mr. Treadway has worked his way upward until his business interests, active and financial, are of an extensive and most important character. Born in New Haven, Connecticut, he is a descendant of one of New England's oldest families and a son of Russell and Mary (Wilcox) Treadway. Her parents were Francis W. and Pauline (Andrus) Wilcox. The former was one of the founders of the Peck, Stow & Wilcox Company and a descendant of an early colonial family. Augustine R. Treadway was educated in the New Haven public schools and the Episcopal Academy at Cheshire, Connecticut, and on leaving school started in business life in the employ of an. uncle who was in the stove and furnace business in New Haven. Later he engaged as a clerk in the hardware business at Hartford, Connecticut, and later in the wholesale hardware trade in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he remained until his twenty- rst year, when he returned to New Haven and engaged in the furnace and stove business on his own account. He soon became interested in manufacturing lines at Southington, Connecticut, and, coming to Cleveland in 1879, here embarked in the manufacturing business under the firm name of Wilcox, Treadway & Company. A year later the interests of this firm were merged with those of the Peck, Stow & Wilcox Company and Mr. Treadway became one of the active officers of the amalgamated interests. Subsequently he was chosen vice president of the new company and in 1899 was elected to the presidency, in which he has since continued. Thoroughly conversant with every department of the business as chief executive officer, he displays an aptitude for successful management that has made the undertaking one of the large productive industries of this city and one of the most successful. He is also vice president of the Union Rolling Mill Company, a director of the Union Savings & Loan Company, of the State Banking & Trust Company, of the Cleveland National Bank and has a multitude of other financial and business interests. A cooperant factor in projects for the city's development, he is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, serving for some years on its board of directors. 792 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In 1859 Mr. Treadway was married to Miss Sarah E. Hambright, of Lancaster, Pennsylvania, who died in 1865. Later he was married to Miss Mary L. Mansfield, a daughter of William and Elizabeth (Bradley) Mansfield, of an old New England family. Mrs. Treadway is deeply interested in the work of charities and her church and especially in Jones Home, of which she has served for a number of years as a director. The family numbers three sons and a daughter: Lyman H., general manager of the Cleveland works of the Peck, Stow & Wilcox Company ; Francis W., lieutenant governor of Ohio and a member of the law firm of Treadway & Marlatt ; Charles F., of the firm of Sanford & Treadway, of New Haven, Connecticut ; and Mary Elizabeth, the wife of James Mathers, of Cleveland. Mr. Treadway attends the Plymouth Congregational church. He is fond of travel both in this country and abroad and delights in literary research, with special interest in history. His charities, although many, are strictly of a private nature and, unspoiled by success, he is a plain, unostentatious man, though one of large business affairs. REV. LEWIS BURTON, D.D. The world instinctively pays deference to the man whose life has been devoted to service for his fellows, whose ideals have been high and whose principles have been founded upon those religious truths which have stood the test of time without variation or shadow of turning. With firm and unwavering faith in Christianity, his activity is allied with the Protestant Episcopal church, Dr. Lewis Burton labored for almost half a century for the moral development and Christian progress of Cleveland, being connected with the west side churches from 1847 until his death, October 9, 1894. The home of the Burton family was situated about four miles south of the city of Erie, Pennsylvania, at the time of the birth of Dr. Burton on the 3d of July, 1815. He represented a family which in lineal and collateral branches has been distinctively American through many generations. His great-great-grandfather, Solomon Burton, married in Stratford, Connecticut, in 1687. His great- grandfather, Judson Burton, married a daughter of Benjamin Lewis, who arrived in Stratford about 1676 or 1677. On the distaff side Dr. Burton traced his lineage through the well established Miller family of western Connecticut, to Captain Joseph Rockwell and to the latter's grandfather, William Rockwell, who came to this country in 163o. His parents removed to Erie county, Pennsylvania, in 1812, and there, amidst the surroundings of rural life, Dr. Burton was reared, developing that robust physique and the regular habits that until his last illness made his whole career one of almost unbroken health and hearty vigor. At the same time his religious character received its permanent bias from the Christian influences that were strongly marked characteristics of that home. Entering Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, in which his brother william was a professor, he was graduated from that institution with the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1837; and in due course of time his alma mater conferred upon him the Master of Arts degree. During his college days he won the high regard of the faculty, was the recipient of academic honors and was popular with his fellow students as the result of personal qualities which were afterward to prove important factors in the larger work of practical life. It was in Petersburg, Columbiana county, Ohio, on the 8th of July, 1841, that Dr. Burton wedded Miss Jane Wallace, a daughter of the late Hon. James Wallace, of that town, and a sister of the Rev. John S. Wallace of the United States Navy, and of Mrs. Eliza Jennings and Mrs. Minerva Wetmore, of Cleveland. On the occasion of the golden wedding anniversary celebration of Dr. and Mrs. Burton, in 1891, their children erected in St. Mark's church a handsome stained HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 795 window in commemoration of and as a thankoffering for this event. The children born unto Dr. and Mrs. Burton are Mrs. Amelia Wallace Leslie and Mrs. Eliza Jennings Backus, both of Cleveland, and the Rt. Rev. Lewis William Burton, D.D., bishop of the diocese of Lexington, in the state of Kentucky. Mrs. Burton survived her husband until April 15, 1901. It was six years after his marriage that Dr. Burton entered actively upon the work of the Protestant Episcopal church, being ordained by Bishop Mcllvaine to the deaconate June 17, 1847, while on the 9th of May of the following year he was made presbyter. He succeeded his brother, the Rev. William Miller Burton, as rector of St. John's church of Cleveland, July 27, 1847, and continued in that important parish for twenty-four years. Under his wise and energetic ministry there was a steady advance, both in the spiritual and temporal prosperity of St. John's church, fully commensurate with the phenomenal growth in area and population of the section of the city west of the Cuyahoga river. When the Rev. Lewis Burton took charge of St. John's church, Cleveland, his parochial jurisdiction embraced the whole territory now known as the south and west sides. It extended to Parma on the south and to Rocky river on the west, some seven miles in each direction. He was a man of far-seeing vision, excellent business judgment, zealous missionary spirit and indefatigable energy. He conducted for years a monthly service in Parma, facing all kinds of weather to reach the schoolhouse in which it was held. He was a faithful pastor and by frequent visits to the houses of families in all that region south of Walworth Run bound them to their allegiance to the Protestant Episcopal church. But perhaps by cottage meetings more than by any other one instrumentality he laid the foundations for All Saints' parish. At last a union Sunday school which had been held on the south side, west of Columbus street, resolved itself into a Sunday school of the Episcopal church and put itself under Dr, Burton's rectorship. Steps were shortly taken to provide for it a home, and to build a chapel that would accommodate the congregation that was surely to grow out of the school. A commodious lot was purchased on Vega avenue and a tasteful church building erected by 1870. Dr. Burton after twenty- four years of ministry in St. John's parish resigned that charge August 1, 1871. At the same time that he had built All Saints' he had also founded St. Mark's on Franklin avenue. In 1871 both became independent parishes under the laws of both the church and the state. Immediately on his resignation of St. John's he took joint charge of All Saints' and St. Mark's. Within exactly three years, by his wise management and tireless industry, he had gotten All Saints' out of debt and had had the satisfactory reward of seeing the church consecrated. According to his original purpose when he took charge of it, he thereupon resigned All Saints' August I, 1875, to take sole charge thenceforth of St. Mark's church. For ten and a half years Dr. Burton carried St. Mark's through a filthy development in spiritual growth, saw it out of debt and its church consec ted, and accomplished the necessary enlargement of its building. Then he resigned it, December 31, 1881, to his son, Rev. Lewis W. Burton, who meanwhile had been Rector of All Saints' church. Dr. Burton, the father, then devoted his ripe experience and talent for organization to Ascension Chapel, on the Detroit Road. His son having accepted a call to Richmond, Virginia, Dr. Burton resumed charge of St. Mark's on March 1, 1884. Finally, on April 1, 1887, after forty years of continuous active ministry in Cleveland, he insisted upon retirement from the exacting responsibilities of a city rectorship and was elected by the vestry rector emeritus of St. Mark's church. Nevertheless he labored long and hard in securing funds for the present edifice of St. Mark's, which, though erected under his successor, was a sort of crown to Dr. Burton's own ministry. A contemporary biographer has said : "Dr. Burton's ability and fidelity were recognized by his bishops, and the councils and institutions of the diocese of Ohio. He received the degree of Doctor of Divinity from Kenyon College in 1868, and served for several years as a member of the board of trustees of that college and the Theological Seminary at Gambier. He was for years on the missionary 796 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND committee and on the standing committee of the diocese, which latter shares with the bishop the ecclesiastical authority. He resigned the senior examining chaplaincy when its duties and burdens became too onerous for one of his years. Twice he was chosen by the undivided diocese of Ohio to represent it in the general convention of the Protestant Episcopal church. "Dr. Burton, as one of the older residents of the city, also occupied, when he died, the post of chaplain of the Early Settlers' Association of Cuyahoga county. In his personal relations Dr. Burton was devotedly true and affectionate to his family and relatives. He had an exalted sense of his religious responsibility as head of the household as well as of his obligations as provider. As a citizen he took a deep interest in politics, but kept their issues entirely separate from his ministerial functions. He was faithful as long as physical strength held out in the exercise of the suffrage. Almost to the last he desired to have the daily newspapers read to him and during the great tariff discussion of the summer of 1894 his eager question would be 'What is the news from Washington ?' "In the chancel his handsome face, his dignified and reverend manner, made his presence very impressive. With a naturally fine-toned voice he rendered the service so as to enhance its liturgical richness ; and he always 'read in the book of the law of God distmctly' so as to cause the congregation to understand the reading. He was an edifying, interesting preacher and his congregations will remember many powerful sermons they heard from his lips. His keynote was always the Pauline one of Christ crucified. He was no mere dogmatist, but believed sound doctrine was the only foundation of right conduct. While he `shunned' not 'to declare all the counsel of God' and sought always 'rightly' to a divide 'the word of truth,' he was rather preacher of the love than the wrath of God and preferred to convince and persuade and attract rather than to drive by threats and fear. There was in his impressive delivery that evident sincerity and earnestness which aid so powerfully in carrying truth home to the hearts of hearers. He clung throughout his life steadfastly and consistently to the old paths of orthodoxy ; and there was never a sign of wavering in his faith. But while he took an active part in earnestly contending for 'the faith which was once delivered unto the saints' and while he was uncompromising in his opposition to falsehood and wrong, he was no lover of controversy and never bitter or personal in debate. "He was a loyal and ardent adherent of the Protestant Episcopal church, reverencing its rich historical heritage and believing it to be the best instrument of God's work in the world. But at the same time he would allow no narrowness of spirit to alienate his affections from Christians of other communions. He insisted that the church must be in sympathy with the times and in unison with the institutions of the land. The ripening effect of age and experience made him even more tolerant and genial in his intercourse with his fellow clergymen, however they might differ from him. And always toss bishop he was respectful and loyal, without sycophancy or toadyism. He was a lover of peace and order and obedient to law. "As a pastor he was known in the homes of his people. To the poor and lowly he really gave his best self in his Christ-like desire to be 'no respecter of persons.' He had a special talent for ministering to the sick and consoling mourners, In the years subsequent to his retiring from active charge of a parish his services for funerals and marriages were in demand by those who had personally experienced his tender, prayerful sympathy or who had been, as spectators and auditors, impressed by his performance of those rites. He had always a loving care to 'feed the lambs of Christ's flock ;' and for the first fifteen years of his ministry in St. John's church he personally superintended the Sunday school. All through his ministry he was a most efficient aid to the successive vestries with whom he labored in their care for the temporalities of the church ; for he had business qualifications that would have secured him promment success in any secular calling. He was an early riser and was impelled by an unusual spirit of industry. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 797 In all the business of life, particularly in which he did for others, he was conscientiously painstaking and thorough, even to the smallest details. One did not need to know him intimately to become aware that he was devout in his religion; pious without affectation or cant on the one hand, and, on the other, without morbid reserve. Above all he was a man of prayer and a diligent reader of God's word, not only for the sake of the grace which these means afforded but also with a positive enjoyment of the higher Christian life which he thus breathed. "As one of his former parishioners, who had been intimately associated with him in church work expressed it, during his last sickness, 'If the Doctor's work must end now, all I want to say is that it has been a grand one.' Whether he is thought of in the public capacity of a parish clergyman, or in the private relationship of head of a Christian home, the epitaph whose inscription none will contest as in the slightest degree overdrawn is, 'He fed them with a faithful and true heart, and ruled them prudently with all his power.' " MRS. JANE WALLACE BURTON. Mrs. Jane Wallace Burton, the wife of Rev. Lewis Burton, D. D., was born in Petersburg, Columbiana county, Ohio, October 16, 1821, her parents being Judge James Wallace and Mrs. Margaret Chambers Wallace, prominent and highly respected citizens of Canfield, Mahoning county, a half century ago. Judge and Mrs. Wallace came from Ballykeel, in County Down, Ireland, about fourteen miles from Belfast, in 1812. Jane Burton's paternal, grandparents were James Wallace and Elizabeth Singer, both the Wallaces and Singers being old County Down families. Jane Burton's maternal grandparents were Alexander and Margaret Hanna Chambers, a family of considerable means living in Dromara, County Down. The parents of Mrs. Burton, like their ancestors, were pious and godly members of the church, and their house was the source of a bountiful hospitality to clergymen, so that she was religiously inclined from her earliest youth. Her father had been a teacher and was a fine scholar. Mrs. Burton was educated at Edgeworth Seminary at Braddock's Fields, in that day the best school west of the Alleghany mountains. July 8, 1841, in Petersburg, Ohio, she was married to the Rev. Lewis Burton, and in 1847 removed with him to Cleveland, Ohio, where he was successively rector of St. John's Episcopal church twenty-four years, founder and rector of All Saints' and St. Mark's churches and rector of the Church of the Ascension. At his death, October 9, 1894, in his eightieth year, after a ministry of fifty-two years, Dr. and Mrs. Burton had spent forty-seven years on the west ministering continuously within the bounds of his original parish. Throughout this rarely long period Mrs. Burton was an ideal minister's wife, a helpmate to her husband in all those offices and relations of that sacred vocation in which a woman of strong character, vigorous mind, broad sympathies. unfailing tact, practical judgment, cheerfully pious spirit and missionary zeal, can comfort, encourage, guide and sustain a man of God. Nor did her own loving ministry cease with her husband's death. The restor of All Saints' church, on the south side, testified that it was Mrs. Burton's sustained interest in that parish and repeated donations, in addition to Dr. Burton's bequest, that saved it from financial ruin. The rector's pious wish was gratified, in that she lived to see it unencumbered. The sphere of her influence and labors was not confined to parochial bounds. Broad-minded, charitable, tolerant, she was a stay to all her friends in their troubles, and bore their burdens with unselfish thoughtfulness ; they could depend upon her stanch and constant steadfastness and upon both advice and help 798 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND that would be as sympathetic in interest as they were wise and practical. The poor and lowly were especially the objects of numberless unobtrusive charities ; and by the bedside of the sick and dying her counsel and prayer opened many a door to faith and hope and comfort. A keen observer and a diligent reader, she had clear, positive, courageous and fixed convictions upon the great questions and issues of the day. When during the Civil war our country needed woman's sympathy and help, her heart and hand freely responded. She was one of the three vice presidents of the Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio and her name is inscribed as such on the tablets of the soldiers' monument m the Public Square. Vice and injustice and wrong found in her an unflinching but intelligent opponent. As a member of standing committees she helped to govern, with sane and conservative principles and methods, the great temperance movement of 1874 and 5. And for years afterward, in the Pearl Street Friendly Inn work, her Bible readings were a spiritual inspiration and uplift to the Mothers' Meetings, where two hundred and seventy were enrolled. She was one of the oldest members of the Woman's Christian Association, a vice president and member of its board of managers. It was her suggestion, born of pity for those who, though refined, had no other refuge in their poverty and aged helpfulness than the City Infirmary, that led to the erection of the Aged Women's Home. And through her declining years, when too feeble to attend church, she delighted to worship in the chapel of this institution which is near her daughter's home, in which she spent her winters and where she died. Her full, rounded and balanced character made all these good works and vigorous interest in the reforms of the age consistent with a well regulated home and the most painstaking uprearing of her children. Indeed the household and her family were ever the chief objects of her sagacious concern and industry. And it is only those who knew her in the intimate relations of the home circle that fully realized how, with all the strong elements of character that gave her the personality of a born leader, were intertwined the tenderest qualities of wifely and motherly devotion and self-abnegation. In her later years of retirement her affection seemed to hover like an over-shadowing wing above children and grandchildren and they could not escape the blessings which her brooding prayers brought down. She possessed her senses and faculties unabated, save for failing eyesight, till her fatal illness. Amid all the changes of religious belief so common in this skeptical age, she clung tenaciously to the simple faith which accepted the Bible as God's word written and Christ crucified as the only Saviour of sinners. Thus, amid all the consolations and aspirations o1 the blessed Eastertide, on April 15, 1901, entered into the inheritance of the saints in light this strong and beautiful womanly character, true in all the relations of life, a rare union of the spirit of prayer with the ministry of unselfish works. All her children and three grandchildren survived her :—Mrs. Amelia Wallace Leslie, the widow of Henry G. Leslie, of Youngstown, Ohio; Mrs. Eliza Jennings Backus, the widow of the Rev. Arthur M. Backus, late rector of St. Paul's Episcopal church, Dedham, Massachusetts, with her daughter Jean Wallace Backus ; and Bishop Lewis William Burton, D. D., of the Episcopal diocese of Lexington, who married Miss Georgie Hendree Ball, and has two daughters, Sarah Louise and Cornelia Paine Wallace Burton. Mrs. Leslie and Mrs. Backus live in Cleveland ; Bishop Burton in Lexington, Kentucky. Of a large family of Mrs. Burton's sisters and brothers, two, whose death preceded hers, lived in Cleveland :Mrs. Eliza Jennings and Mrs. Minerva Wetmore. The former gave her homestead with twelve acres of land on Detroit street to the Children's Aid Society for an industrial school, and subsequently became the founder of the Eliza Jennings Home for Incurables in the same neighborhood. One of Mrs. Burton's brothers was the Rev. John Singer Wallace, an Episcopal clergyman and chaplain in the United States Navy. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 799 Mrs. Burton's interment was beside her husband in Lake View cemetery, Cleveland, Ohio. The inscription upon the family monument specially referring to her is "The memory of the just is blessed." CHARLES E. ALDEN. Charles E. Alden, a member of the firm of McCullough, Alden & Hopple, attorneys practicing before the Cleveland bar, is one of Ohio's native sons who is winning distinction in the difficult profession of the law. He was born in the town of Middlefield, Geauga county, Ohio, December 18, 1875, and is descended from an English family, members of which came to America when it was first being colonized by those in search of liberty and religious freedom. John Alden, the first of the name to settle in this country, crossed the Atlantic in the Mayflower in 1620, and, locating in Massachusetts, became secretary to the first governor of Plymouth. In 1656 he built a house m Duxbury, Massachusetts, and it is a notable fact that for nine generations it has been owned and occupied by a John Alden. This family, which was so early identified with the life of the colonies, contributed noble men to the cause of independence —one, Colonel Amos Alden, having won especial distinction as the aide to a Revolutionary general. Others braved the hardships of pioneer life, for Enoch Alden, the grandfather of Charles E. Alden, came to Ohio in the early part of the nineteenth century. He was born in Williamstown, Massachusetts, and when he came west settled in Geauga county, Ohio, his name being enrolled as one of the early settlers of that section of the state. His son, Edward H. Alden, was born in Middlefield, Geauga county, in July, 1846. For a number of years he was engaged in agricultural pursuits but is now living retired in Hiram, Portage county, Ohio. In his early manhood he wedded Miss Hercey Dunham, who was born in Oneida county, New York, in 1843. Her father, Simeon Dunham, was a native of Connecticut but later became a resident of New York and then of Newark, New Jersey, whence he removed to Livingston county, Illinois. After coming west he engaged in farming but while living in the east his time was devoted to manufacturing interests of various kinds. Charles E. Alden, whose name introduces this review, is ten generations removed from the ancestor who established the Alden family in America and in his chosen field of work is rapidly winning a distinction that makes him a worthy descendant of patriots and pioneers. The foundation of his success was laid in the broad education he received in his youth, for having completed the course of the public schools of Middlefield—his birthplace—he entered the preparatory department of Hiram College, receiving the degree of A. B. from the latter institution in 1901. Thereafter he took special training for the profession of law, spending two years in the Cleveland Law School and one year in the Franklin T. Backus Law School of Western Reserve University, and was admitted to the bar in 1905. In the meantime, however, he had worked in different offices and from 1901 to 1902 was employed in a law office in Akron, Ohio. On the 1st of January, 1906, he engaged in general practice in Cleveland, establishing the firm of Alden & Hopple, now McCullough, Alden & Hopple. Although yet a young man he is rapidly rising to a position of importance in professional circles and before the courts, for he is very careful and systematic in the preparation of a case and his arguments are ever characterized by terse and decisive logic. On Christmas day, 1902, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Alden and Miss Ina May Gibbs, a daughter of Alexander and Paulina (Green) Gibbs, of Brunswick, Medina county, Ohio. One daughter, Marcella Eugenia, has been born to the couple.