(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE)   HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 851 which he lived were promoted. He was widely known as one of the most capable business men of Cleveland, of dauntless energy and unfaltering determination. But while he won notable success his business ability was evenly balanced with a kindly spirit that utilized the opportunities which are found 0n every hand of doing good to one's neighbors and associates. He was born in Cleveland, December 25, 1866. His parents were Abraham and Sarah (Grim) Zucker, of Prague, Germany. The father was a prominent and successful cattle dealer in that country. In 1860 he came from Germany to America with five of his children and lived a retired life here. He was also accompanied by his father, David Zucker, who lived to the remarkable old age of ninety-two years. The death of Abraham Zucker occurred in 1879 when he was sixty-five years of age, and he is still survived by his wife, who has reached the age of eighty years. At the usual age Charles Zucker entered the public schools of Cleveland, wherein he continued his studies to the age of seventeen, when he was graduated with honors at the Central high school. Shortly afterward he took up the study of law in the office of his brother, Peter Zucker, and in order to provide for his own support at the same time he did bookkeeping at nights. His thorough school training and his broad reading constituted an excellent foundation upon which to rear the superstructure of professional learning and he soon mastered many of the principles of jurisprudence and was qualified to pass the examination whereby he was admitted to the bar in 1887. He was then admitted to a partnership by his brother, who was one of the most successful and prominent lawyers here at that time. Charles Zucker continued in active practice in that relation until 1895, when his brother Peter went to New York, after which he became connected with Max P. Goodman, who had studied law under his direction, with offices in the Society for Savings' Building. He, too, attained distinction in his chosen profession and was accorded a liberal clientage of an important character. Moreover, he became a prominent and prosperous business man and at the time of his death had achieved fame and fortune as the president of and legal advisor to various business enterprises. He was widely recognized as a man of resourceful ability, wh0 looked beyond the exigencies of the moment to the possibilities of the future and wrought along lines that lead to the goal of prosperity. His fertility of resource enabled him when one avenue of opportunity seemed closed to seek out another path that would lead to the desired result, and he was capable as well of formulating plans for the management of extensive interests that have constituted important factors in the complex business life of the present day. On the 12th of June, 1889, in Cleveland, Mr. Zucker was united in marriage to Miss Addie Wormser, a daughter of Isaac and Hanna (Emerich) Wormser, the former born in Michaelstadt, Germany, and the latter in Hemsbach, Germany. Her father was one of Cleveland's pioneer business men, being connected with ship chandlery interests in his early life, while later he operated in real estate. Her grandfather, Liki Loeb Wormser, was a renowned rabbi, cabalist, and Talmudist, of Michaelstadt, Germany. He was born in 1768 and died in 1846. He enjoyed a wide reputation in that province and his name is still known and recorded in Jewish history throughout the world. He was also known as a Ba'al Shem in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Zucker had three sons, namely : Alvin Charles, born May 13, 1890; Walter E., born November 20, 1893 ; and Roger A., November 3, 1899. Mr. Zucker was most devoted to his family, finding his greatest pleasure at his own fireside, where he was known as a loving husband and father. He was also fond of reading and possessed a fine library containing many beautiful and rare volumes. He found his most pleasant associations, aside from the companionship of his family, with the master minds of all the ages and gleaned from their works all that is most precious and valuable. He was confirmed in the Scovill Avenue Temple and served for many years as one of its most active 852 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND members. He always had the welfare of the Temple at heart and no effort on its behalf was considered too great for him. He was chairman of its ritual committee for several years and did everything in his power to promote the work and extend the influence of the organization. He was always a liberal donor to charity and ever willing to extend a helping hand to the poor and needy. He held membership with the B'nai B'rith, the Excelsior Club, and Forest City Lodge, A. F. & A. M. It seemed that each moment of his life was used to good advantage, whether in business, in church circles, in social activities, or in the home. Association with him meant expansion and elevation, for his influence was always on the side of right and progress. He was generous in spirit, kindly in action, and held at all times to the highest principles of honorable, upright manhood. And too, a devoted friend, his geniality made his presence like a ray of sunshine and the world is certainly better for his having lived. At his death, which occurred November 30, 1906, Dr. Machol delivered a beautiful tribute to his memory, in the words of which thousands of friends concurred. The memory of such a man can never die while living monuments remain upon which were imprinted the touch of his noble soul. NORMAN O. STONE. Norman 0. Stone, president of the firm of N. 0. Stone & C0mpany, retail shoe merchants of Cleveland, was born at Strongsville, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, December 3, 1844. His parents were Marvin and Hannah (West) Stone. The father, born in Connecticut, came to this state in 1837 and located on a farm, where he resided until his death in 1872, his wife surviving until 1876. The youthful days of Norman 0. Stone were spent upon the father's farm to the age of fifteen years, after which he entered the Baldwin University at Berea, thus supplementing his public school education. When seventeen years of age he entered a retail shoe store in Cleveland and was employed as a clerk until 1864, spending one year with Smith, Dodd & Company, while for about four years he was with Suttles & Company. In 1864 he engaged in business for himself, feeling that his previous experience and his careful expenditure justified this step. He opened a store under his own name and in 1874 incorporated the business under the style of N. 0. Stone & Company. From a small beginning the enterprise has developed until it is today the largest retail shoe store in the state. His success found its root in no esoteric phase. On the contrary his business methods have ever been such as will bear the closest investigation and scrutiny, for along legitimate lines of labor and in keeping with the progressive spirit manifest in the modern business world he has developed his mercantile interests and has justly come to the position of distinction which he now occupies as the foremost representative of the retail shoe trade in Ohio. Successful in the management of this concern Mr. Stone extended his efforts to other lines and for many years has been actively interested in banking in connection with the Cleveland National Bank as its vice president. He is also a stockholder and director in the Citizens Savings & Trust Company and is interested in various other financial and commercial enterprises which not only constitute sources of individual success but are also factors of general prosperity inasmuch as they promote the business activity of the city. He is a director of the Bell Telephone Company, also of the Scott-Triggs Dry Goods Company, of Cleveland, and the Western Reserve Insurance Company. On the 1st of May, 1867, Mr. Stone was married to Miss Ella Andrus, of New York, in which state the marriage was celebrated. They reside on Euclid avenue in a residence built by Mr. Stone in 1900 and are prominent in the social circles of the city.. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 853 Mr. Stone is a popular member of the Union, Country and Roadside Clubs. He is likewise a member of the Chamber of Commerce and is interested in all practical and progressive efforts put forth by that organization to promote the growth of Cleveland and to enhance its attractiveness along lines of general improvement and adornment. Since taking up his abode in this city he has held membership in the Trinity Episcopal church. His political allegiance is given to the democracy but his activity is along general rather than political lines. He is noted locally as an equestrian and his love of horses makes him prefer driving to the automobile. He has traveled extensively, both in this country and abroad, giving about eight years to visiting the scenes of historic and scenic interest in the old world and the new, and twice he has circumnavigated the globe. The attainment of success has in no way influenced him in his friendships and all find him a courteous, genial and approachable gentleman, who kindly recognizes and is appreciative of true w0rth in others. SAMUEL C. MOORE. Samuel C. Moore was a self-made man who realized that in the individual and not in his environment lies the opportunities for success. He figured actively in industrial circles and was equally prominent in church work, standing as one of the most earnest and efficient advocates of Methodism in Cleveland. His birth occurred in Norwich, England, October 19, 1818, his parents being Samuel and Sarah Moore. The father was a silk manufacturer in his native country but his circumstances were such that he was unable to keep his son in school after he was sixteen years of age. The boy was very quick in mathematical lines and it was the father's hope that he might obtain for him a position in the Bank of England, but financial reverses came to Samuel Moore, which led him to emigrate with his family to America. Making the voyage across the Atlantic in 0ne of the old-time sailing vessels, they reached the American port in November, 1834, and soon after were settled on a farm which the father purchased at Glenville, in Cuyahoga county, Ohio. Samuel C. Moore did not continue his education after coming to the new world but devoted the strength of his young manhood to the work of the farm, ably assisting his father and brother in developing the fields. They also engaged in burning a charcoal pit, to which attention must be paid night and day. That they might have a lodging place near their work they built a little cabin, where they rested and slept by turns when released from their watch at the coal pit. It was during the silent hours when his mind was given to meditation concerning the work of life and God's purposes to the world that Mr. Moore resolved to place himself in the ranks of the religious workers and to give his heart to the Master. He became identified with the church and thereafter was most loyal and active in advancing its interests and promoting its influence. It was always said of him that his word was as good as his bond, his integrity standing as one of the unquestioned factors in his career. In 1846 Mr. Moore was married in Rockport, Ohio, to Miss Margaret A. King, a daughter of James King, one of the early settlers of Ohio, who came to this state from Canada. The following year, 1847, Mr. and Mrs. Moore removed to Cleveland and united with the Hanover Methodist Episcopal church. Later he became identified with a little company of that organization, which is now the Gordon Avenue church. For a long period he was secretary of its Sunday school, also Sunday school superintendent and church trustee, taking a very active part in the different branches of church work. He led a most consistent Christian life, endeavoring always to closely follow the Golden Rule and do to others as he would have them do to him. 854 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In early life Mr. Moore learned the cooper's trade and built a small shop on his father's farm. On his removal to Cleveland he opened a shop on Main street, then on the west side. Later he engaged in the planing mill business for some time with the firm of Moore, Cahoon & Company, and eventually he became interested in the lumber business as a member of the firm of Fisher, Wilson & Company. He continued an active member of the firm until his death and his business enterprise and energy were salient features in the success of the institution. He displayed keen sagacity in the control of commercial interests, made himself thoroughly conversant with the lumber trade and in the management of his interests utilized every opportunity to the best advantage, so that he won a substantial measure of prosperity as the years passed by. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Moore were born three children, of whom two are living, Mrs. Alida Lufkin, who has one daughter, Florence A., who became the wife of James A. Shaw and has one son, Edward L. Nellie M. Moore, the second daughter, became the wife of Albert J. Harris and has two daughters : Emily, now Mrs. Howard Richards ; and Mabel. Mrs. Harris is a member of the board of lady managers of the Jones Home. The Moore household was deprived of the presence of a loving husband and father on the 22d of January, 1882. He was devoted to the welfare of his wife and children and was a loyal advocate of all those interests which are of substantial benefit in building up the community. His political allegiance was given to the republican party and at one time he was solicited to become candidate for mayor of the city, but declined. He did not seek nor desire political preferment yet was never remiss in the duties of citizenship. He preferred to give his time to his home, his business and his church and for many years was a prominent and most helpful member of the Franklin Avenue Methodist Episcopal church . His Christian faith permeated his life and established his connections with his fellowmen. A philosopher of old said "An honest man is the noblest work of God," and such might well be placed as an epitaph upon his tomb, for his unswerving integrity stood ever as an unquestioned fact in his career. Mrs. Moore always shared with her husband in his deep interest in church work and has been equally active in charitable lines. She has taken a deep interest in the Eliza Jennings Home and has been particularly active in the development and upbuilding of the Jones Home for Friendless Children which was organized for the purpose of taking care of orphan and friendless children between the ages of four and eleven years. The home was opened with three children and now has sixty-five, while many have been placed in good homes through the agency of this institution. Mrs. Moore was president of the board of lady managers of this home for more than eighteen years and has devoted much time to the extension of this work, which is a most commendable charity. Owing to her health she resigned from the presidency and has since been made honorary president of the board for life. Her deeds of kindness, quietly and unostentatiously performed, number into the thousands and she and her husband were always in fullest sympathy in their church and benevolent interests. EDWARD BROUGH. Edward Brough, who since 1896 has been a representative of the business interests of Cleveland as a dealer in mineral water, is now the president of the Brough Company. His birth occurred in Manchester, England, on the 27th of July, 1864, his parents being John and Myle Jane Brough. The father, a native of Dublin, Ireland, followed the trade of shoemaking throughout his active business career and passed away in 1904. The mother was called to her final rest in 1903. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 857 Edward Brough attended the public schools of his native land until twelve years of age and then secured a position as scaler with a concern engaged in the manufacture of shoe blocks at Manchester, England, being thus employed for two years. Subsequently he took a position as packer with a company engaged in the printing and dyeing of calico, but resigned at the end of two years and set sail for the United States. From New York he made his way direct to Cleveland, Ohio, here entering the service of the W. S. Tyler Company, with which concern he likewise remained for two years. On the expiration of that period he left the wire works and returned to his native country, again entering the employ of a company engaged in the printing and dyeing of calico. When a year had passed, however, he once more came to the United States and, again locating in Cleveland, reentered the service of the Tyler wire works. Four years afterward he went to Newark, Ohio, and for two years remained in the employ of the Newark Wire Cloth Company. On severing his connection with that concern he returned to Cleveland and established himself in business as a dealer in mineral water and a manufacturer of all kinds of soft drinks, conducting the enterprise at No. 3859 St. Clair avenue until 1898. In that year he purchased his present property and recently has enlarged the plant in order to meet the growing demands of the trade, The Brough Company employs eighteen men, utilizes ten wagons and turns out eighteen thousand bottles a day. The output is disposed of to customers in all parts of the city, and under the directing hand and capable control of Mr. Brough the business has proved most successful from the beginning. On the 3d of November, 1892, in Cleveland, Mr. Brough was united in marriage to Miss Ida Vogel, by whom he has two children : Edward Lionel, who is fourteen years of age and is attending the public schools, and Hilda, a maiden of thirteen, who is also a public-school student. The family residence is at No. 712 East One Hundred and First street. In his political views Mr. Brough is a stanch republican, while in religious faith he is a Protestant. He has been identified with the Benevolent and Protectve Order of Elks for eight years and also belongs to the Foresters of America and the Protective Home Circle. Utilizing his opportunities to the best advantage, he has gained the prosperity m quest of which he came to the new world, and has long been numbered among the prosperous business men and respected citizens of Cleveland. WILLIAM THOMAS JACKMAN, D. D. S. Dr. William Thomas Jackman, who has attained much more than local prominence in connection with the profession of dentistry, has practiced continuously since 1880 and since the fall of 1887 has been located in Cleveland. He was born October 31, 1858, near California, Washington county, Pennsylvania. His father, Barnard Jackman, was born December 14, 1821, in California, Pennsylvania, and was of Scotch-Irish descent. He devoted his life to farming and passed away January 17, 1909. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Lydia Ann Hum, was born near Columbiana, Ohio, January 8, 1840, and was of German-Scotch lineage, so that the mingled strains of Scotch, Irish and German blood flow in the veins of Dr. Jackman. In the country schools Dr. Jackman began his education and afterward continued his studies in the high school of Columbiana, Ohio, and later attended the Normal School at Lisbon, Ohio. His experiences and habits of early youth were those of the average farmer boy but he had no love for the work of tilling the soil and therefore determined to follow some other location. During the first eight years of his life he lived in Washington county, Pennsylvania, and in 1866 accompanied his parents on their removal to Columbiana county, Ohio. In early manhood he began teaching school and was connected with the public 858 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND educational interests of Columbiana county for several years, after which he began the study of dentistry with Dr. Charles E. Mason, of Columbiana, Ohio, as his preceptor. In the fall of 188o he began the practice of dentistry in Waynesburg, Ohio, and practiced under a state certificate for several years and then, after taking the prescribed course, was graduated from the Philadelphia Dental College in the spring of 1887. In the fall of the same year he sought the broader fields of labor offered by the city and removed to Cleveland, where he has since continuously and successfully practiced. He desired a professional rather than an agricultural or commercial life and chose dentistry as being best suited for the development of his natural abilities. That his choice was a wise one is indicated in the success which has attended his efforts. He is a member of the National Dental Association, the Ohio State Dental Society, the Northern Ohio Dental Association and the Cleveland Dental Society. He is chairman of the committee on dental education and oral hygiene of the Ohio State Dental Society and has been for several years. He was honored with the presidency of the Cleveland Dental Society in 1892, and of the Northern Ohio Dental Association in 1905. From 1892 to 1896 he filled the chair of prosthetic dentistry and metallurgy in the dental department of the Cleveland University of Medicine & Surgery. On the 26th of February, 1885, in Waynesburg, Ohio, Dr. Jackman was united in marriage to Miss Laura Louise Blythe, who was born in 1858 and died in 1907. His children are Florence Ethel and Margaret Ruth Jackman. In his political views Dr. Jackman is a stalwart republican and was a member of the village council, while in Waynesburg, but has not been a politician in the sense of office seeking, preferring to concentrate his energies upon his professional duties. Fraternally he has been connected with the Masons since 1904, and is a member of the Methodist Episcopal church. He has ever worked toward high ideals and has thus assisted in giving dentistry the high standing it now has among the learned professions. HENRY GEROULD, M. D. Dr. Henry Gerould, who was born in 1829 and passed away in 1900, was five generations removed from Dr. Jacques (or James) Jerauld, who came to this country from Languedoc, France, soon after the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. The name of Dr. Jacques Jerauld appears in the list of settlers in Boston in the year 1700 but he finally located in Medfield, Massachusetts, where he died in 1760. He had three sons, one of whom changed the spelling of the name to Gerould and another to Gerald. The third son retained the original spelling. The subject of this sketch was the son of Jabez Lawrence Gerould, born in Newtown, Connecticut, and Margaret Beebe of Geneva, New York. Henry was the fourth child in the family and was born in East Smithfield, Pennsylvania, March 6, 1829. Owing to the premature death of his father he was early thrown upon his own resources and determined to adopt the profession so generally and successfully followed by his ancestors. To this end he studied in Geneva, New York, and Cleveland, Ohio, receiving in 1864 his degree from the medical school connected with Hudson College, now changed to Western Reserve University. He subsequently spent three years in the hospitals of Boston under the leadership of Dr. H. K. Storer. He practiced medicine in Ohio for a period of thirty-five years, thirty of these being spent in Cuyahoga county. In June, 1870, Dr. Gerould married Julia J. Clapp, of Mentor, Ohio, whose ancestors had moved to this state from Massachusetts in the year 1806. To them were born three children: Harry Clapp, whose birth occurred in 1871; Ruth Whitcomb, born in 1879; and Lavinia Clapp, who was born in 1882. All HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 861 of these children died in the year 1883. From this time Dr. Gerould largely gave his attention to helping educational and missionary enterprises. His name is known around the world for helpfulness to young people who wished to prepare for the mission field, or who were unable, on account of the lack of funds, to secure an education. Having lost his own children, he applied himself to helping young people who were preparing for service in any good work. T0 this end he gave away nearly all his income and doctored gratuitously all who came to him for aid. November 10, 1900, he died very suddenly, just when he was preparing for greater service to others. It was said of him that "he was always helping," and the years when he said, "I will make place for young men in my profession," were his busiest years. Having lived so unselfish a life, his death caused universal sorrow. He had endeared himself to thousands as a physician and friend. Gerould Cottage in Hiram, purchased as a memorial for his own daughters, a memorial station in India and many minor institutions stand as evidences 0f his generosity and helpfulness. Among the hundreds of testimonials received after his death the following probably expresses his characteristics as well as any : "What a vigorous, persistent, faithful, single-minded, resolute, confident Christian man he was ! We shall never see his like again. Dr. Gerould has long filled a great place in our thoughts and hearts, and the world will never seem the same without him." FRANK HOUSE BAER. Frank House Baer is commercial agent for the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad Company, better known as the Nickel Plate. He is thus well known in the business world, while in other directions he is also widely known, especially as a collector of interesting relics which indicate the trend of the times and progress in certain fields. He was born in Cleveland, November 12, 1863. His father, Anthony Baer, came to America in 1851, locating in Hartford, Connecticut. Almost immediately afterward he removed to Cleveland where he resided until 1895, being here engaged in the wholesale crockery and glassware business until 1873, after which he dealt in stone until 1876 in connection with the opening of the Berea quarries. He next became associated with the Standard Oil Company and was thus a factor in business circles until 1890, when he retired to private life and some years later removed to Boston, Massachusetts, where he still lives at the age of seventy-nine years. He married Lucy May House who was born in 1840 in New York city, was of Scotch ancestry and died at Medford, Massachusetts, in 1901. Frank House Baer pursued his education in the public schools 0f Cleveland and entered the service of the Standard Oil Company as clerk, thus obtaining his first business experience. After five years he became traveling salesman for the wholesale grocery house of Franklin McVeagh & Company, of Chicago, there continuing until 1889, when he resigned and went to Europe., spending a year abroad. Upon his return he entered the service of the Nickel Plate Railroad Company as commercial agent and has since occupied this position. His carefully formulated and well executed plans, his systematic management of the office and his keen business discernment make him a valued representative of the company. He is also interested in various railroad and commercial enterprises which are sources of substantial revenue. On the 2d of July, 1908, in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania, Mr. Baer was married to Miss Elizabeth Hunter, a daughter of Charles Hunter, of Philadelphia. They occupy a pleasant home at 1921 East seventieth street. They have one child, a son, Chisholm Spencer, born on May 3, 1909. Mr. Baer is fond of golf and is not with0ut interest in the phases of social life, especially manifest through his membership in the Union, Euclid, Row fant and 862 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Transportation Clubs. In politics he is a stalwart democrat, active in the work of the party and local affairs, and was a candidate for state senate on the gold democratic ticket at the time when William Jennings Bryan was making the free coinage of silver a campaign issue. He was a member of the public library board for three years and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. He was one of the fathers of the plan adopted by the city for the grouping of its public buildings, being much of the time closely associated in this work with Professor Charles F. Olney, the originator of the idea. He belongs also to the Euclid Avenue Baptist church. All of these associations bring him a wide acquaintance, while his attractive qualities gain him many friends. Mr. Baer is also known in another direction as a collector of old valentines and patch boxes. He began collecting books but has concentrated his energies upon other collections. He has the only collection of old valentines in this country, containing two thousand specimens of those brought forth at an early date, this being the largest and best collection in the world. It is most interesting to note the development that has come in this line as the expression of sentiment between the young. He also has a fine collection of old prints, especially of early caricaturists of transportation and of views of Cleveland. He now possesses every early print of the city of Cleveland with one exception. His views are most interesting and valuable, showing the growth, progress and development of this city. Mr. Baer is a man of kindly spirit, cordial and genial, and association with him means expansion and elevation. HARRY C. GAMMETER. Harry C. Gammeter, inventor of the multigraph and now director and mechanical expert of the American Multigraph Company, was born February 27, 1870, in Akron, Ohio. He is a son of Christian and Anna (Mauerhover) Gam- meter. The father was a cornice maker, wh0 died at the age of forty-nine years, while the mother passed away at the age of sixty-one. Both were natives of Switzerland and, coming to America, established their residence in Akron, Ohio. Harry C. Gammeter acquired his early education in the public schools of his native city, attending there to the age of sixteen years. Later, realizing the value of thorough and advanced training for the lines of life to which his talents and tastes seemed to direct him, at the age of twenty-four years he entered Buchtel College at Akron, Ohio, where he pursued a scientific course. He completed his education at the Case School of Applied Science. For seven years thereafter he traveled quite extensively, studying modern meth0ds of manufacturing and familiarizing himself with the methods of manufacture both as to the construction and the operation of machinery. All through his life he has been alert to the opportunities of broadening his knowledge and thus promoting his efficiency in work as a factor in the business world. He was also engaged with the United Typewriting & Supplies Company while traveling and during this period he recognized the need of a duplicating .machine and began experiments along that line. His efforts and ideas at length took tangible form in the multigraph, of which he is the inventor and by means of which it is possible to obtain an absolute facsimile duplicate of typewritten work. He then became associated with H. C. Osborne and the work on the multigraph was developed in its early stages. In 1902 a company was formed with a capital of three hundred thousand dollars, which was later increased to five million dollars. The company now has sixty- five officers and heads of departments and employs six hundred men, such being the growth of the business. The multigraph met a great need in the business world, where the saving of time, labor and material is of utmost value, and the enterprise is today one of the most important productive industries of Cleveland. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 863 Mr. Gammeter is not only mechanical expert of the American Multigraph Company but is also a stockholder and director of the Lake Erie Forging Company. On the 25th of October, 1905, Mr. Gammeter was married to Miss Maud F. Frye, a daughter of E. W. and Electa (Fuller) Frye. They now have two children, Electa L. and Harry F. Mr. Gammeter is a stalwart republican in his poplitical views but not a politician in the sense of office seeking. An Episcopalian in religious faith, he attended St. Paul's church in Akron and took an active interest in its work. He is a member of the Business Men's Club, of the Chamber of Commerce, the Young Men's Christian Association and of the Aero Club of America and is president of the Aero Club of Cleveland. He is likewise a member of the Engineers Club and of the Manufacturers Club and is interested in many lines of scientific research, especially those which bear upon the broad field of mechanics. He belongs today among America's successful and notable inventors, his position being due to careful study of existing conditions and the possibility of improvements. He is most careful in analysis and, reasoning from the standpoint of practicability and demand, he has had the courage to champion his own ideas and to utilize every resource until he has accomplished his purpose. Every new invention meets with opposition but time tests the value of all things and Mr. Gammeter has lived to see the work of his brain take tangible form and become one of the valuable and now indispensable devices of the business world. He is fond of outdoor athletic sports and enjoys motoring, yachting, fishing and tennis. MAURICE R. HODGMAN. Maurice R. Hodgman, conducting a private banking business in Cleveland, was born in Chicago, Illinois, August 20, 1873. His ancestry can be traced back to one of the old New England families that was represented in Vermont in colonial days. His great-grandfather rem0ved from the Green Mountain state to Ohio when that region was still a pioneer district and the grandfather, Charles Hodgman, was born in Marietta, Ohio, in 1820. He married Eliza Williams, a daughter of James Williams, and their family included James A. Hodgman, whose life record began in Canada, in September, 1844. A removal of the family to Illinois followed and he spent his boyhood in Naperville, that state. For many years he has been identified with the shoe business, operating stores in Chicago, Aurora and various other Illinois cities. He wedded Sarah J. Hackstaff, of Niagara Falls, Ontario, Canada, and they became the parents of four children: James A., who is a prominent mine owner of San Diego, California, and president of the Orange Blossom Extension Mining & Milling Company, one of the finest equipped mine properties in the west ; Charles T., who is proprietor and editor of the Knights of the Royal Arch Journal of Oakland, California ; Leah, the wife of John B. Chandler of Minneapolis, Minnesota, an official of the Minneapolis Northern Railway Company ; and Maurice R. In the public schools of Aurora, Illinois, Maurice R. Hodgman acquired his education and his first business experience was in connection with his father, under whose direction he became acquainted with the shoe trade. In his twentieth year he left his father's employ and went t0 Chicago, where for a time he was connected with the Frazin Shoe Company as manager. He afterward acted in a like capacity with the Foreman Shoe Company and later was connected with the shoe departments of A. M. Rothschild & Company and Mandel Brothers. He was next engaged in the shoe business on his own account for two years and later became associated with a private banking business, in which capacity he came to Cleveland in 1903 to look after his firm's interests in this city. In 1905 he engaged in business on his own account, with offices in the Cuyahoga building, and that he has continued in this field of activity is in itself proof that he is meeting with 864 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND success. His financial rating is high, his business activity and enterprise well known, while his business integrity is above question. On the 29th of June, 1898, Mr. Hodgman was united in marriage t0 Miss Grace Daniels, a daughter of George and Lena (Baker) Daniels, of Aurora, Illinois. They have one child, Douglas, who is with them in the pleasant home at No. 1521 Wyandotte avenue. Both Mr. and Mrs. Hodgman hold membership in the Baptist church and Mrs. Hodgman is very active in both church and charitable w0rk and is, moreover, an accomplished musician. In his political views Mr. Hodgman is a stalwart republican and he finds rest, recreation and interest in automobiling and in all outdoor sports and athletics. Born in the city, which in its marvelous development has been regarded as one of the wonders of the world, and reared amid the bustling activity of life in the middle west, he has come to judge correctly of his own capacities and powers and 0f life's contacts and experiences. MILTON R. SLOCUM, Milton R. Sl0cum, who for twelve years has been well known as a represen- tative of the piano trade in Cleveland, is a native of Orleans county, New York, and when about four years of age came with his parents to Ohio, which state claims so many great men. He acquired his education in the public schools of Osborn and his connection with the music trade dates from 1876, when as a mere boy he became a salesman in a pian0 store of Dayt0n, Ohio. Notwithstanding his mexperience in that line his tastes led him to decide upon following the business permanently. Early in life he learned to make use of all of his leisure moments and thus acquired proficiency in several branches of knowledge, including music, while at the same time he developed a habit of self-discipline along temperance and religious lines. Continuing in active connection with the music trade, Mr. Slocum was for many years a traveling salesman and became well known throughout the country east of the Rocky mountains as a genial and energetic gentleman, ever mindful of the interests of his employers and the dignity of his calling. Through all the years he was ambitious to engage m business on his own account and in 1897 he embraced an opportunity leading to this end. Opening a music house in Cleveland he has since achieved a goodly degree of success. After years of study of the piano and of close application, it may be said of him that he knows the piano as thoroughly as the clergyman his Bible. He can describe every dementail of piano construction with such fluent ease that the listener often becomes a willing purchaser by the result of his persuasive eloquence. It is said that he can sell a half dozen pianos to a half dozen customers at the same time, or he can spend a half day or a whole evening with some captious individual without the least sign of irritability, wearing a smile even as he bids farewell to one who has given him no return for his labor. In May, 1908, Mr. Slocum allied himself with "The House of Frederick" taking charge of the Cleveland branch for northeastern Ohio. They are acknowledged to be the largest retail piano house in the United States, controlling over sixty stores and agencies from the Atlantic coast to the Mississippi river. On the 6th of August, 1889, Mr. Slocum was married t0 Miss Minnie M. Walsh, of Elyria, Ohio, and they have one daughter, Lucile who, having passed through the grammar grades, is continuing her education in the schools ,of this city. Mr. and Mrs. Slocum are members of the Second Church of Christ, Scientists, on Euclid avenue. Mr. Slocum is a member of the Elks lodge ; Marysville Lodge, No. 87, I. 0. 0. F.; the Cleveland Commercial Travelers, No. 1824 ; and the Toledo Traveling Men's Association, No. 536, his identification with the last named dating from 1889. He is also a member of the Tippecanoe Club; of Ohio Council, No. 57, of the North American Union ; and of Forest City Council, HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 867 No. 196, of the National Union. In the years in which he was upon the road as a traveling salesman he learned to adapt himself to every condition and to meet opposition and argument with geniality and tact. The same qualities are manifest in the conduct of his business in Cleveland and his ability as a salesman, combined with his thorough understanding 0f piano manufacture, has made his enterprise one of the profitable mercantile concerns of the city. BURTON P. FARAGHER. Burton P. Faragher, thoroughly equipped for his chosen calling, is a building engineer who contracts for concrete construction work, to which he devotes his undivided attention. Through his innate ability and natural adaptation to this work and by constant application to duty he has gradually worked his way upward to his present influential position as a contract0r. He was born near Salina, Kansas, November 3, 1872. His father, William Faragher, was born on the Isle i of Man in 1834 and came to America about ten years later. Settling in Ohio, he followed agricultural pursuits for some time but later secured employment on the lakes and became a vessel owner. He is still the owner of several lake craft although he is now retired from active life,—a course made possible by his previous success. He married Emma Humphrey, who was born in the east and died when her son Burton was eight years of age. Burton P. Faragher spent a portion of his boyhood in Kansas, whence he removed to Ohio with his father, who eventually located in Cleveland. Here Burton P. Faragher attended the public schools. Ambitious to enter business life on his own account and especially desirous of becoming affiliated with the building trades, he secured employment in the office of one of the leading engineers of Cleveland, in whose employ he remained for three years. He was next employed by the city as engineer of the park department, performing the duties of that position for four years, when he resigned and was associated with the city waterworks department through the ensuing three years. He next spent one year as an engineer in railroad construction and about 1902 returned to Cleveland, where he conducted business independently for four years. He then organized the Faragher Engineering Company, which is still doing business in the south. Returning to Cleveland, he is now in business alone as a concrete contractor. He built a large power plant and dam at Rhinelander, Wisconsin, did similar work in North Carolina and also erected one of the largest concrete buildings in the latter state. During the past year he has taken up forestry and landscape engineering and expects to carry on this work on an extensive scale. He has met with substantial success in his chosen field and has become financially interested in a number of other business concerns. In 1896 Mr. Faragher was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Geist and they have two children : Roger W. and Burton P. Mr. Faragher is a stanch supporter of the republican party. He belongs to Halcyon Lodge, No. 498, F. & A. M., the Cleveland Civil Engineers Club and the Ohi0 Engineers Society and 0ccupies an enviable positi0n among those following his profession in this city. FRANK E. ABBOTT. For the past five years the abilities of Frank E. Abbott have found scope for activity as secretary of the Bruce-Meriam-Abbott C0mpany, manufacturers of gas and gasoline engines. He shares the birthday of the Father of Our Country, having been born February 22, 1870, in Rochester, New York, and is a son of Williard and Caroline Abbott. His maternal grandfather was M. C. Younglove, 868 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND who was born in 1811 in Union Village, New York. He was a capitalist, and in 1837 came to Cleveland, where he started the first book store the town ever possessed. He also organized a gas company and a number of other concerns which met with success, and died in 1903 at the age of ninety-two years. Willard Abbott, the father of our subject, was born in Burmah, India, March 29, 1837, but a part of his life was spent in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he engaged in the mercantile business, and part of it in Toledo, Ohio. He died in Hanover, New Hampshire, in 1907. Mr. Abbott took advantage of the benefits offered by the public schools of Cleveland until his seventeenth year, when he was employed as clerk by the Root & McBride Company and remained with them for six years. He then traveled for various firms until 1903, when he was offered his present excellent position with the Bruce-Meriam-Abbott Company, and is now serving both as secretary and treasurer. Miss Root, a daughter of R. R. Root, of the firm of Root & McBride, became the wife of Mr. Abbott, their marriage being celebrated, April 4, 1894. Their home is situated at Wilson's Mills. Politically Mr. Abbott is republican and religiously an Episcopalian. RANDALL PALMER WADE. As long as Cleveland endures and its history is known to her citizens the name of Wade will be honored. While the representatives of the family in the first and second generations have passed from life, the benefits of their labors still remain, for the impetus which they gave to commercial and industrial activity constituted a foundation for much of the progress and prosperity of the present age. A native of New York, Randall P. Wade was born at Seneca Falls, August 26, 1835, the only son of Jeptha H. and Rebecca Louisa (Faur) Wade. He was but a young lad when his parents removed to Adrian, Michigan, and on the western frontier he spent his boyhood and youth. His father was among the first to become interested in the extension of telegraphic lines in the middle west and when a lad of eleven years the son entered the telegraphic service as messenger boy but with ambition which took him beyond that humble employment. He was not yet seventeen years of age when he had learned to read the instruments by sound. At that day, however, telegraphic messages were received on a paper tape-a system of dots and dashes which the operator might translate at his leisure. Progressing in this field of labor, Mr. Wade eventually filled the position of chief operator at different times in Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati. Realizing the advantages to be derived from thorough mental training and discipline, he withdrew from the business world and devoted four years to study, being graduated, at the age of twenty-one, with the highest honors from the Kentucky Military Institute near Frankfort. He also enjoyed the distinction of being the most expert swordsman in that student body and in these things manifested a trait which was always characteristic 0f him—that of great thoroughness in everything which he undertook. This characterized his entire life and was one of the foundation stones of his substantial success. In 1856 Mr. Wade was united in marriage to Miss Anna R. McGaw, of Columbus. He spent the succeeding three years as a member of the executive force in one of the largest banking houses of Cleveland and then, realizing the value of a legal education in a business career but with no intention of practicing law, he took up the study under the direction of Judge Hayden. He manifested such aptitude in mastering the principles of jurisprudence that he soon won a certificate upon examination, allowing him to practice in both the state and United States courts. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 869 When the Civil war broke out Mr.. Wade was offered the position of chief clerk of the United States military telegraph department, with headquarters at Washington. He accepted and was one of the four men who understood the secret cipher used in transmitting messages to the front. He was soon after commissioned quartermaster with the rank of captain, which office placed him second in command in the military telegraph department, with headquarters at Cleveland. To him was also assigned the duty of purchasing and supplying all the military districts with telegraphic materials but the complexity of detail work and technicahties that must be gone through with in this branch of the government service became so irksome to him that at the end of two years he resigned. At that time Mr. Wade became a factor in commercial circles of the city, at one time owning the largest retail jewelry business in Cleveland. After several years he disposed of his interests in this line and devoted his time to the management of the family estate, which then claimed the entire attention of himself and his father, for as the years had passed they had made investments in many lines of business and in real estate and had attained a place among the most prosperous and prominent men of the city. As a capitalist his position was no less important than it had been while he was still concerned in the active management of various business enterprises. At all times the public was either a direct or indirect beneficiary in his labors, general progress and advancement being promotel through his investments and business interests. He was well known as secretary of the Cleveland and Cincinnati Telegraph Company ; as secretary, treasurer and director of the Cuyahoga Mining Company ; as secretary, treasurer and director of the Chicago & Atchison Bridge Company ; as president and director of the Nonesuch Mining Company ; as a director of the Kalamazoo, Allegany & Grand Rapids Railway Company ; as director of the Citizens Savings & Loan Association and as president and director of the American Sheet & Boiler Plate Company. In his religious views Mr. Wade was liberal, generally attending the Church of the Unity, of which he was treasurer. He looked at life from a broad humanitarian standpoint, nor was he ever unmindful of his obligations to the city or to his fellowmen. He was himself in social circles a most congenial and companionable gentleman, was an excellent linguist, speaking German and French fluently and was also a talented musician. He was only forty years of age when on the 24th of June, 1876, he passed away but he had accomplished a work equaled by that of few men of his years. While engrossed in the control of business affairs, he found time to cultivate the graces of character and mental attainments which serve as a balance wheel to intense business activity, keeping the individual from abnormal development in a certain line and maintaining the equable poise between the material, the intellectual and the moral forces. FRANK H. ADAMS. To specially distinguish one man from another in a large city like Cleveland, is to indicate that he possesses qualities or ability more than his competitors ; that he is able to distance them in one way or the other. Secure in the enjoyment of a good business and the realization that success has been attained through hard work and not any chance advantage of f0rtune, Frank H. Adams, manager of the Wentworth Motor Car Company, is rapidly forging to the front rank in his self- appointed line. He was born at Blackheath, England, in 1882, and was brought to the United States by his parents, who located immediately in Cleveland. He is a son of Alfred Adams, a mechanic who has been in charge of one of the departments of the American Steel & Wire Company's plant, since coming to this city. After taking a common school course, Mr. Adams entered the Young Men's Christian Association school and went through their commercial department. 870 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND He and his brother William then engaged in the bicycle manufacturing business, making a wheel called the Melba Special, and continued in that line for three years. Being a bicycle rider of more than local celebrity, Mr. Adams entered the field as a racer and won a number of road races of note, and holds the record for time between Cleveland and Buffalo. He entered a number of local events, as well as for racing on the track at Madison Square Garden and at Atlantic City. In addition he established a mot0r cycle record for a mile at Glenville track, that was undisputed for five years. In 1898 Mr. Adams began his connection with automobile interests working on one of the first Stearns' cars ever built. From the Stearns people he went to the Shelby Motor Car Company of Shelby, Ohio, as demonstrator, thus continuing for two years. Then with Harry S. Moore he was on Crawford road for five years, having entire charge of the garage and sales agency. In 1907 he 0rganized the Wentworth Motor Car Company, doing a general garage business and is sales agent for the Mora car. In a Mora "6", 1908, Mr. Adams established a record on the road 0f three hundred and nineteen miles in ten hours. In the same year and with the same car he won the Toledo, Columbus and Cleveland endurance test of nine hundred miles. His score was perfect and he was the first in at control. Mr. Adams is not unknown as an inventor. In 1904 he was the inventor and patentee of a "double jump" spark plug for automobiles, which is now in general use all over the United States, and he is receiving a very substantial royalty from its sale and manufacture. He has a patent pending now for "The Adams Never Break," a universal joint which is the only practical joint of its kind in use and has met with the full approval of automobile experts. He is recognized as an inventive genius 0f a very practical turn and is continually working on something that tends to improve the efficiency of automobiles. He possesses mechanical knowledge as well as strong mentality that enables him to recognize and, through invention, meet the needs of the business world in his special field. Already he has accomplished much and his inventive genius will probably win for him still higher renown in the future. In October, 1907, Mr. Adams married Miss Emma Gertrude Strauss of Cleveland. He belongs to the Cleveland Commercial Travelers and the Cleveland Automobile Clubs. Perhaps no young man of the city has more warm personal friends outside of Cleveland than Mr. Adams. Wherever he goes, he makes friends, and they are all extremely proud of him and the records he has made. He is a splendid business man, and takes a pride in his car and exploiting its merits, while his work as an inventor entitles him to wide recognition. FRANKLIN B. MEADE. Franklin B. Meade, a well known Cleveland architect, was born in Norwalk, Ohio, January 6, 1867. His father, Alfred N. Meade, also a native of this state, was a graduate of the Wesleyan College and served as a captain of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio Infantry during the Civil war. At its close he removed to Cleveland, where he was engaged in the lumber business to the time of his death which occurred in 1903 when he was sixty-seven years of age. His wife bore the maiden name of Mattie M. Morse. It was during a visit of his parents at Norwalk that Franklin B. Meade was born, Cleveland, however, being his home throughout his entire life save when business interests have taken him elsewhere. He continued his education in the public schools until he was graduated from the Central high school with the class of 1884, after which he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was graduated in 1888. While there he became a member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. After the completion of his course he spent four years in Chicago with the firm 0f Jenney & Mundie, office building architects, that he might supplement his theoretical training by practical experience and further study. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 873 In the fall of 1893, however, he returned to Cleveland and opened an office for the practice of his profession, in which he has since continued, making a specialty of residences of the highest class but also doing architect work on factories and office buildings. He is a member of the American Institute of Architects and is interested in all that pertains to the advancement of the profession. He has confined his attention almost entirely to his .chosen calling and important contracts have been awarded him in this connection. On the 3d of November, 1898, in Trinity cathedral in England, Mr. Meade was joined in wedlock to Miss Dora Rucker, who is an accomplished musician and is prominent in social circles. They reside at No. 7122 Euclid avenue. In politics Mr. Meade is a republican where national issues are involved but votes independently at municipal elections. He is an active and valuable member of the Chamber of Commerce. He is fond of outdoor life and equally ardent in his love of music, especially of the violin, of which he is a master and which furnishes him much of his recreation. He is also well known in club circles, was one of the organizers of the Hermit Club and has been honored with its presidency from the beginning. He likewise belongs to the Union, Roadside, Euclid Clubs of Cleveland, and the Erie Club and Lambs Club of New York, and his personal qualities make him popular in these organizations. AMZI MILTON BARNES. Amzi Milton Barnes is the president and general manager of the in Chemical Engine Company of Ohio, conducting an extensive business n the sale of fire extinguishers. His birth occurred in Connecticut, on the 23d of March, 1855, his parents being Isaac and Theada (Spencer) Barnes. Both the paternal and maternal ancestors of our subject were early settlers of Connecticut, and were noted for their patriotism and loyalty. The great-grandfather on the paternal side served as an officer in the Revolutionary war and the grandfather participated in the war of 1812. Isaac Barnes, the father of A. M. Barnes, is likewise a native of the Charter Oak state. At the time of the gold excitement in 1849 he made his way to California in search of the precious metal and subsequently spent a number of years traveling around the world. In 1850 he owned eight hundred acres of land where the city of Oakland, California, is now located and was also the proprietor of a tavern on the present site of the Oakland ferry. On returning to the east he embarked in the lumber business, operating mills at a number of different places. He was likewise prominent in public affairs and for two or three terms ably served as a member of the house of representatives in Connecticut. He spent his last days in retirement from business and died in Burlington, Connecticut, April 29, 1909. His first wife died at a comparatively early age, passing away in 1862. They have four children : Georgia, who died at the age of nineteen years ; Katie, the wife of Frank Banning, of Bristol, Connecticut ; Charles L., of New Britain, Connecticut ; and Amzi M. For his second wife Isaac Barnes chose Nellie Smith, who survives him . They were the parents of three sons : Clifford S., Stanley I. and Luther M., all in business in Connecticut. A. M. Barnes obtained his early education in the public schools of his native state, subsequently entered the Chester Military Academy and later continued his studies at Williston Seminary 0f Easthampton, Massachusetts. After graduating from the last named institution he went to Poughkeepsie, New York, and there pursued a commercial course in the Eastman Business College. He next made his way to Utica, New York, where he secured a position as a h0tel clerk and at the end of two years became the proprietor of the hostelry. In 1876 he severed his connection with hotel interests and for a few months devoted his time to the sale of fire extinguishers. He spent nearly a year in the Canadian woods and af- 874 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND terward was engaged in the sale of kid gloves as the representative of a New York firm, his time being thus occupied for five years. On the expiration of that period he came to Cleveland and embarked in business as a manufacturer of agricultural implements but later removed to Akron, where he remained f0r nearly five years. On selling out his interests at Akron he returned to Cleveland and, organizing the Miller Chemical Engine Company, became identified with the line of business with which he has been connected to the present time. The concern is engaged in the manufacture of fire extinguishers to some extent but they deal mostly in the patent goods of other firms. Mr. Barnes now owns all of the company's stock and under his capable guidance the business has steadily grown along substantial lines until it is one of large proportions, extending throughout Ohio and parts of Michigan, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. He is likewise the first vice president and director of the Bayne Subers Tire & Rubber Company and the Bayne Subers Invention & Development Company, and is financially interested in a number of other concerns. In 1883 was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Barnes and Miss Hattie M. Pike, of Jamestown, New York. They have two children : Blanche G. and Harry C. The former, now the wife of Roderick D. Grant, of Cleveland, was educated in Laurel Institute and Bradford Academy of Massachusetts. She is an accomplished musician and was a leader in college musical work. Harry C. Barnes was educated in the Hough school, Hendershot Academy and Gambier College and is now proprietor of a business conducted under the name of the Motor Boat & Supply Company, the first enterprise of its kind in Cleveland. Mr. Barnes has membership relations with the Chamber 0f Commerce, the Cleveland Association of Credit Men and the Colonial Club. In nature he is cordial and kindly and he possesses a personality which, while inspiring respect, also wins him the warm friendship of those with whom he comes in contact. His business career has been actuated by laudable ambition and characterized by unfaltering industry, combined with a close adherence to a high standard of business ethics. HENRY APTHORP. Henry Apthorp, capitalist of Cleveland, was born to be an organizer, developer and producer, possessing in marked degree the characteristics necessary to insure success along these lines. He was born February 9, 1841, at Mayfield, Cuyahoga county, Ohio, a son of William and Chloe (Howard) Apthorp. The former was born in Hinsdale, Massachusetts, in 1809, while his wife was born in Stockbridge, Massachusetts, in 1808. In 1836 they moved to Mayfield where the father carried on farming. His death occurred at Nottingham, Ohio, in 1880, while his wife died in the same place in 1898. Mr. Apthorp received a district-school education at Mayfield, later attending the academy there and the Geauga Seminary. In early life he worked in a steam saw-mill which sawed some of the lumber, and drove a team of horses that hauled some of that lumber which went into the building of the Kennard House in Cleveland. Until he was twenty-two years of age he was largely employed in farming and then in 1863 was engaged in repairing and constructing telegraph and telephone lines, as foreman and lineman, by the Western Union Telegraph Company and the Lake Shore Railroad Company, and continued in this work until 1885. In the meanwhile he became interested in editorial work and was associate editor of the Democratic Standard of Ashtabula, Ohio, from 1876 to 1880. In 1891 he became managing editor of the Columbus Post at Columbus, Ohio. From 1887 to 1909 he was special agent of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad in matters of state legislation in Ohio, and accomplished some remarkably good work. He called his pen into service and in 1892 wrote and published a pamphlet against the proposed two-cent railroad HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 877 fare. This was so popular that in 1899 he also issued a defense of trusts, and in 1903 opposed socialism in a skillfully worded pamphlet. On December 8, 1859, Mr. Apthorp was married in Willoughby, Ohio, to Harriet E. Strong. They have one son,-Warren. Mr. Apthorp has also been exceedingly prominent in politics, and served for two terms as a member of the council of Ashtabula, from 1872 to 1873 and 1883 to 1884. He was railroad commissioner of Ohio from 1885 to 1887; a member of the board of managers of the Ohio penitentiary from 1893 to 1896, and a member of the board of managers of the Ohio State Reformatory from 1897 to 1900. It is almost impossible to properly estimate the influence of a man like Mr. Apthorp, who is fearless in the expression of his opinions and prompt to carry out his ideas of reform. His long experience in many diverse lines enable him to judge accurately as to the merits of a question, and his judgment is relied upon by many of his associates in both the business and political world. His literary style is forcible and convincing and it is a matter of regret to his admirers that he has not devoted more of his time to correcting abuses with his facile pen. J. H. WADE. Around J. H. Wade as a central figure cluster many of the events which have shaped the history not only of Cleveland and of the state, but have had important bearing upon the annals of the country. He was the first man west of the Allegheny mountains to use a camera, established the first telegraph line in the upper Mississippi valley, was one of the promoters of an organization that eventually led to the formation of the Westen Union Telegraph Company and as a railroad builder opened up large sections of the country, for no single agency has had such direct and important bearing upon national growth and progress as railroad building. Moreover he was the first representative of the Wade family in Cleveland and while widely known and honored in this city, where for many years he maintained his residence, his friendship was valued because of his many sterling qualities, while his business activity contributed in large measure to the growth and improvement of the city. Mr. Wade was born m Seneca county, New York, August 11, 1811. His father was a surveyor and civil engineer but the son chose a business of less mathematical exactness, early developing a taste for art. In 1835, his health forbidding robust pursuits, he turned his attention to portrait painting, in which he was quite successful. He drifted westward and while located in Adrian, Michigan, the newly invented camera came to his notice, and sending for one, aided by the printed directions, he took the first daguerreotype ever made west of New York. He mastered the workings of the camera and with that and his brush kept busy for several years until Samuel Morse had perfected his telegraph. In 1847 Mr. Wade turned his attention in that direction and took a contract to build a telegraph line from Detroit to Jackson, Michigan, which he completed the same year. When it was finished he opened an office in Jackson, had an instrument shipped him and then entered upon the task of sending telegraphic messages—a work which was startling at that period of the world's progress in electrical lines. The following year a telegraph line was built from Detroit to Milwaukee and another from Detroit to Buffal0 by way of Cleveland. In 1849 Mr. Wade began the erection of a line of his own from Cleveland to St. Louis by way of Cincinnati, which he completed in 1850. The building of lines increased rapidly throughout the country, competition became very strong and for two years there was a continuous struggle for patronage between the different companies, Messrs. Wade, O'Reilley, Speed and Cornell being the principal contestants. The result was that no one made any money and in 1854 Mr. Wade led a movement which brought about the consolidation of the lines con- 878 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND trolled by Rochester parties, which combination gave them control of the routes from Buffalo, St. Louis, Chicago, Detroit, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Milwaukee and intermediate points. Mr. Wade remained as general agent of the consolidated lines and from this point his career was a most successful one. The Western Union Company was the outcome of this original consolidation. In this enterprise Mr. Wade was the moving spirit and not only gave the genius of management to the task but also aided in working out many details. He invented an insulator which is still in use and was the first to show that a submarine cable in iron armor was possible and practicable. In his mind the idea of consolidation also originated and with the development of the great system of telegraphic communication he was most actively and helpfully connected. He was one of the originators of the Pacific telegraph and on the formation of the Pacifrc Company was made its first president. The line was begun from St. Louis and extended to San Francisco, being finished on the 24th of August, 1861, the construction being carried on under his direction. A writer has said : "He is undoubtedly entitled to more credit than any other one man for the successful construction of the transc0ntinental railway, as it was his energy, foresight, judgment and determination which conceived and carried into operati0n the Pacific telegraph . . . and attracted the attention of capitalists to the feasibility and necessity of a railway. The railway was built following substantially the route of his telegraph." On the consolidation of the Pacific Company with the Western Union, Mr. Wade was made president, which position he filled until 1867, when ill health caused him to decline reelection, although he remained as a director for several years thereafter. Not only was Mr. Wade one of the most prominent factors in promoting telegraphic communication in America but was also actively connected with railroad building and operation for a long period, especially being concerned with the lines of the middle west. He was a director of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad for several years, director of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis for three years, a director and vice president of the Atlantic & Great Western, director of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railroad and a member of the board of the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway. He was likewise president of the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan and also of the Kalamazoo, Allegan & Grand Rapids Railway Company, while at one time he was vice president and director of the Grand Haven Railroad and a director of the Saginaw Valley & St. Louis line and of the Hocking Valley & Toledo road. As president of the Valley Railroad Company he rendered great service to Cleveland and to northern Ohio, as he was responsible for the successful completion of that road. In financial circles Mr. Wade also figured prominently. He aided in the organization of the Citizens Savings & Loan Association in 1867 and was its president from the beginning. On the death of Joseph Perkins he was elected president of the National Bank of Commerce and was one of the chief originators and the first president of the Lakeview Cemetery Association. He was likewise a director of the Second National Bank during its entire existence, for many years was vice president of the National Bank of Commerce and a director of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, the Union Steel Screw Company and president of the American Sheet & Boiler Plate Company and the Chicago & Atchison Bridge Company. He had many commercial and manufacturing interests in Ohio and the west, for as his financial resources increased he became a most busy factor in the life and material development of this great section of the country, his judgment at all times being recognized as sound and reliable. He may well be termed one of the captains of industry of his age, his well formulated and carefully executed plans bringing him not only into local but also into national prominence in connection with the country's material progress and advancement. Cleveland, the city of his residence, received many substantial tokens of Mr. Wade's interest. He was prominent in many public and charitable insti- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 879 tutions, contributing generously of his means in aid of the unfortunate. He was likewise interested in everything which was a matter of civic virtue and of civic pride. He acted as a sinking fund commissioner, was a member of the public park commission, a director of the Cleveland workhouse board and gave much time and labor to advance the public interests. He was also a member of the executive committee of the National Garfield Monument Association, for several years was vice president of the Homeopathic Hospital, t0 which he made generous contributions and was president of the Homeopathic College of Medicine. One of the trustees of the Protestant Orphan Asylum, he built the magnificent stone building on St. Clair street at his own expense and presented it to the asylum association, it being today known as the Protestant Orphan Asylum and standing a monument to his generosity and humanitarian spirit. He also laid out and adorned the magnificent Wade park and gave it to the city. He attended and was one of the chief supp0rters of the Church of the Unity. His private benefactions were innumerable and were made without any show of ostentation or display, being in fact rather the embodiment of the scriptural injunction that the left hand is not to know what the right hand doeth. He was indeed extremely modest in manner, was approachable at all times and treated every individual with that natural courtesy of the man who is by nature a gentleman. High-minded and honorable in all business, his life in its various phases is an example which may well serve to encourage and to inspire. It would be difficult to point out any one characteristic as his most pronounced trait, for his was a most evenly balanced character, in which superior business capacity and power was matched by a recognition of life's purposes and the obligations of man to his fellowmen. He died August 9, 1890. EDWARD A. MERKEL. Among the men who are connected with property transfers in Cleveland is numbered Edward A. Merkel, who was born in this city April 10, 1845, and has continuously remained within its borders, watching with keen interest the progress of events that have marked its history and promoted its upbuilding. His father, Mathias Merkel, was born in Germany in 1818 and on coming to the United States in 1836 made his way direct to Cleveland. There he sought employment, and his diligence and determination constituted the foundation stones upon which he built his success in later years. In 1843 he married Christina Lerch, who was born in Germany in 1823 and came to Cleveland in 1832. They had eight sons and three daughters, of whom two daughters and four sons died in infancy. The others are: Henry C. and Frank B., both of whom are living in Dover, Ohio, where they are retired business men ; Ben F., who is retired and makes his home in Collinwood ; Ella A., a resident of this city ; and Edward A., of this review. The father died in 1893 and the mother passed away in 1887, their remains being interred in the Erie Street cemetery. The father was a hotel man in the early days and in his hotel on River street he established the first marine hospital of Cleveland, reserving three rooms for that purpose. In 1869 he retired from busines and made his home on his farm on what was then St. Clair road. Through his activity and determination in former years he had acquired a handsome competence that enabled him to put aside active business cares. An uncle of Edward A. Merkel was Joe Dister, of Dayton, who became colonel of the Fifty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, in the Civil war and was killed at the battle of Pittsburg Landing. Two cousins, Mathias Merkel and Augustus Ziemer, were also soldiers of the Union army. The latter served in Company A, Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and the former was a member of Company K, of the same regiment, and for a time was held as a prisoner of war in Andersonville and Richmond. Both were honorably discharged. 880 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Edward A. Merkel passed through the consecutive grades of the primary and grammar schools and received his business training in Felton Commercial College, which was the first institution of this character in Cleveland. After leaving school he engaged in the wholesale meat business for about ten years and met with substantial success in that undertaking, after which he turned his attention to the real-estate business, in which he is at present engaged. He is thoroughly conversant with property values, knows when, where and how to make investments and has made judicious purchases and profitable sales for himself and also for his clients. He is a man of resolute purpose and what he undertakes he accomplishes, fearing not that laborious attention to business which is so necessary to success. On the 5th of February, 1885, in Racine, Wisconsin, Mr. Merkel married Miss Marcia Paulson, who was born in Nykjobing-on-Falster, Denmark, a daughter 0f Mads and Dorothea Paulson of that country. The father died in May, 1864, while serving in the Danish-German war. Mrs. Merkel afterward came to America with her mother, being at that time nine years of age. Unt0 Mr. and Mrs. Merkel were born three children, two sons and a daughter. Frank P., the eldest, after passing through the public schools was graduated from the Modern Business College and was afterward with the White Automobile Company for a number of years as expert mechanic. Edward L., after passing through the grammar schools, became connected with V. A. Graves with whom he has been associated for several years as electrician. Mildred M. is now attending the East high school. Mr. Merkel and his wife are members of the Baptist church and he belongs to the Twenty-sixth Ward Republican Club. He has been personally acquainted with all the old-time citizens and their business and has witnessed the growth of Cleveland as it has extended east beyond Wood street. He remembers the celebration over the building of the first railroad here and has been an interested witness of many other events which have marked the progress of the city, his sympathy and cooperation being at all times on the side of improvement and advancement of a practical character. JOHN A. BENJAMIN. John A. Benjamin, who after a long and active life has retired t0 enjoy the comforts he has earned, was brought up to hard work and strict discipline which resulted in habits of industry and the development of business abilities of more than average quality. He was born April 3, 1830, in Massachusetts, being a son of Arba Benjamin, born in Massachusetts in 1790. Early in life the father farmed in his native state, but in 1836 he left New England to come to the Western Reserve, where he continued his agricultural pursuits, locating in Madison, Lake county, Ohio, which remained his home until his death in 1865. Being one of the earliest settlers of Lake county, he endured all of the privations incident to such a life, but never regretted that he was a pioneer of the great commonwealth he was permitted to see develop so gloriously. Arba Benjamin was one of the first men to resort to what were called "underground railroads" to assist fugitive slaves, and his was almost the only "station" of this kind in Lake county. For many years he was a prominent figure in politics, and was one of the first of the "freesoil" men to cast his vote for republican candidates. In 1810 he married Paulie Stone, who was born in Massachusetts in 1791. They reared a family of four sons and four daughters. When they came to the new home, they brought all but two of the children with them. The eldest son had formed business connections which forbade his leaving, and the eldest daughter was married. The excellent mother survived her husband until 1881, when she too passed away. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 883 John A. Benjamin went with his parents to Lake county, Ohio, and was educated there. Until he was twenty-one years of age, he remained with his father, rendering very valuable assistance upon the farm. After attaining his majority, Mr. Benjamin drove a large herd 0f cattle to Connecticut for his father, walking all the distance. He spent a year with his eldest brother who had remained in Massachusetts, but returned to Ohio just as the work on the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Railroad was being commenced. This railroad is now known as the Lake Shore. He secured employment on the construction work and remained with the company until 1882. He became one of the first engineers of the road and had the distinction of being chosen to operate the engine that drew the Lincoln funeral train. After leaving the railroad service, Mr. Benjamin was engaged in different kinds of work until his retirement in 1889. He always took a very active part in politics, cordially supporting the republican ticket upon all occasions. In 1863 Mr. Benjamin joined the Masons, and on July 20, 1879, he was made a life member of Iris Lodge, N0. 229, A. F. & A. M. He was one of the first Masons in the city, still attends the meetings of the lodge and is much interested in its work. He belongs to the Old Settlers Association and is also a member of General Barrett's Cleveland Light Artillery Association. During the war Mr. Benjamin was not found lacking in patriotism, no son of his father could fail to respond to the call of his country. He enlisted in the Cleveland Light Artillery and served until he was honorably discharged. He was a brave soldier, and enjoys the reunions of his comrades. In December, 1869, Mr. Benjamin married Ann Elizabeth Bailey, who was born February 5, 1841, and died in Cleveland in 1903. She was a devoted wife and mother and deeply beloved by all who knew her. Mr. and Mrs. Benjamin had one son, Walter B. Benjamin, born in Cleveland in 1871. After being educated in his native city, he established himself with the Brush Electrical Company, and continued with it for about three years. Then for three years he was in Elyria, New York. Following this he carried out a contract in the New York state reformatory. Returning to Cleveland he worked for the city for three years on the electrical construction of a bridge, when in 1899 he was appointed a mail carrier. He is a strong republican. In 1904 he married Catherine Geltz, born in Wooster, Ohio. The young man is well liked here and has many friends. Although he is nearing his eightieth milestone Mr. Benjamin takes an interest in civic affairs, and is pleased to greet old friends at his lodge or at reunions. During his long life he has served faithfully and well and deserves whatever success has crowned his efforts. JOHN A. COCHRANE. John A. Cochrane, who is employing a large force of workmen and turning out an excellent product in the manufacture of brass goods at 1403 East Fortieth street, came to Cleveland with his parents in 1869, when a youth of seven years. He is a native of Glasgow, Scotland, born on the 31st of April, 1862. His father and mother, Archibald and Margaret (Cunningham) Cochrane, were natives of Edinburgh, Scotland, and on crossing the Atlantic to the United States established their home in Cleveland, where the father spent his remaining days. The mother still survives and now resides at No. 2435 East Eighty-third street, Southeast. John A. Cochrane, arriving in Cleveland with his parents when a youth of seven years, here entered the public schools and continued his education until he had completed two years of the high school course. He started in business life as an employe of the Cleveland Rubber Works, where he remained for a short time, and then began in the plating business and the manufacture of sad irons and hard- 884 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND ware specialties, while later he established an independent foundry. He afterward added brass specialties and has since continued in this line, concentrating his attention and efforts more and more largely in later years on the manufacture of brass goods. He today carries on a large business, having a well equipped brass foundry, supplied with all modern conveniences and machinery, while employment is furnished to a large number of workmen. He has been very successful in this undertaking, learning from experience how to economize time, labor and material without sacrificing results. This is the secret of all successful business management, and the spirit of enterprise, determination and progressiveness which Mr. Cochrane has always displayed has brought him to a creditable position in manufacturing circles in Cleveland. At the age of twenty-three years Mr. Cochrane was married in this city to Miss Gertrude Gates. Following her demise he wedded Miss Annie Medlin, and they now reside at No. 2182 East Seventy-ninth street, Southeast, where they own a nice home. They have two sons, Archibald and John, aged respectively seven and two years. Mr. Cochrane is a member of the Unitarian church and also belongs to the Masonic fraternity, having taken the degrees of both lodge and chapter. In politics he is allied with that independent movement which is one of the hopeful signs of the times, showing that business men are giving earnest thought to existing conditions and seeking to right the wrongs, not by a blind following of party leadership, but by an independent course that endorses righteous measures and business-like administration 0f municipal affairs. His business record is commendable and his success is the logical pro0f of close application and unfaltering enterprise. ELDRIDGE W. HOTCHKISS. Cleveland offers so many desirable features to those desiring to live somewhat retired from an active business career that it is the home of hundreds no longer interested in daily labor, but free to enjoy the pleasures of urban improvements. Such a man is Eldridge W. Hotchkiss, who has been associated with some important ventures in the business world here in Cleveland. He was born in Prospect, New Haven county, Connecticut, in 1844, and was there educated in the common schools and in the private schools of West Haven and Farmington. In 1867 Mr. Hotchkiss wedded Mary L. Warner and came to Cleveland with his father-in-law, Stephen C. Warner, wh0 originated the Cleveland Malleable Iron Company, now the National Malleable Casting Company, he being then its general manager. Later Mr. Warner retired from this connection to engage in the same line of business at Springfield, Ohio, being associated with the Whitleys at that place, Mr. Hotchkiss was associated with his father-in-law, and after the latter's retirement was superintendent of the corporation in Cleveland up to 1904, when he himself gave up business life. He is, however, a direct0r of the State Bank & Trust Company, also the Eberhard Manufacturing Company. Mr. and Mrs. Hotchkiss have had two children, a son and a daughter, Charles W. and Elizabeth. The former attended the common schools of Greenbrier, Ohio, and then entered the iron works under his father, as paymaster, continuing thus until he succeeded the latter as superintendent, and now holds that responsible position with the National Casting Company. The daughter has been well educated, for after attending the Lake Erie College of Painesville, Ohio, she was sent to school in Bradford, Massachusetts, and to the Walnut Lane School of Germantown, Pennsylvania. She married J. W. Aull of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and they now reside in that city. They have two children, Elizabeth L., born in 1899, and John A., born in 1901. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 887 The venerable mother of Mr. Hotchkiss, who is now eighty-three years of age, resides with him in his beautiful home, his father having passed away several years ago. Mr. Hotchkiss is a man of strong conviction firm in support of what he believes to be right, and one whose principles have never been questioned. He was faithful to his duty and was honored by his business associates and the many men he had under his supervision. CHARLES W. TAYLOR. Charles W. Taylor was a representative of one of the old and honored pioneer families of Cleveland. The family name is perpetuated in Taylor Road of East Cleveland, which was named in honor of his father from the fact that it bordered the old homestead farm and he was instrumental in having it laid out. The birth of Charles W. Taylor occurred in Northfield, Summit county, Ohio, May 20, 1837. His parents were Henry and Polly (Wilder) Taylor, who came to this state from Franklin county, Massachusetts, making the overland journey to Summit county in 1830. They were among the early residents of that locality and Henry Taylor became identified with industrial interests there as a cooper and carpenter. In 1846 he removed with his family to Cleveland and purchased a farm in the village of Euclid, now East Cleveland, devoting his remaining days to general agricultural pursuits. It was this farm which was bordered by Taylor Road, a name that will always be an indication of the early residence of the family in this city. Charles W. Taylor was only nine years of age at the time of his parents' removal to the old homestead in the village of Euclid. He had previously attended the district schools of Northfield, Ohio, and after coming to Cleveland he became a pupil in Shaw Academy, which was located in Euclid, only a short distance from his father's farm. This academy was afterward replaced by a beautiful new building now known as Shaw high school. One of his old schoolmates, Mary S. Adams, became his wife and their children and grandchildren have attended the Shaw high school on the site of the academy where Mr. and Mrs. Taylor were educated. At the age of eighteen years Charles W. Taylor left school and devoted his time to assisting his father on the farm. Later thesfather erected a residence on Logan street, to which he removed, turning the farm over to his son, who continued to there engage in general agricultural pursuits until sixty-two years of age. He then also retired and built a beautiful home on Allandale avenue, in which he spent his remaining days m the enjoyment of well earned rest and amid the comforts which his former labor had secured. The farm is still in possession of the family and is now being tilled by S. H. Taylor, a son of our subject. It was on the 14th of August, 1859, that Charles W. Taylor was united in marriage to Miss Mary S. Adams, a daughter of Darius Adams, who was born in the village of Euclid in 1810. His father, John Q. Adams, came overland from New York to Euclid in 1808 and soon afterward purchased a tract of land which he devoted to farming. Darius Adams was one of Cleveland's pioneer contractors and erected many beautiful and substantial homes in early days. He wedded Mary Doan, a daughter of Timothy Doan, who came from Connecticut in company with his father, Timothy Doan, Sr., and settled in the village of Euclid about 1812. A short time afterward, however, he removed to Medina county, Ohio, where he engaged in farming. This family were relatives of Nathaniel Doan, who was one of the first surveyors that did work in. Cleveland, being engaged on surveys under the direction of Moses Cleveland, the founder of the city in whose honor it was named. Unto Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have been born five sons and one daughter : Henry A., who was born in 1864 and is connected with the Bingham Hardware Company; Seth H., who was born in 1866 and is a farmer by occupa- 888 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND tion ; Charles H., who was born in 1870 and is an attorney of Cleveland ; Mary Doan, born in 1873; Dr. A. C. Taylor, who was born in 1876 and is a leading physician of this city ; and Frank Heber, born in 1879, who for a number of years was connected with the. Guardian Trust Company. The mother's birth 0ccurred in East Cleveland in 1841. She has spent her entire life in this city, watching its development from a small village to metropolitan proportions and feels just pride in what has been accomplished. In his political views Charles W. Taylor was originally a republican and afterward a prohibitionist, thus advocating the temperance principles which always constituted a force in his life. He was a member of the First Presbyterian church of East Cleveland, in the work of which he took active and helpful part, serving as elder and trustee for many years. He reared his family in that faith and two of his sons are now elders in the same church. His entire life was characterized by an unfaltering devotion to what he believed to be right and his ideas of right were based upon his Christian faith and belief. He was not only just and generous in his treatment of men but lenient in his judgments and charitable in his purposes, and while he did not seek prominence and while there was nothing spectacular in his career, his history is that of a man whose honesty, loyalty and fidelity won him the honor and respect of all with whom he came in contact. MICHAEL NAYLON. Michael Naylon, who although connected with the Moline Rolling Mills, of Moline, Illinois, is a citizen of Cleveland. He was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1853, his parents being John and Catherine (McAlister) Naylon. The father, who was an engineer in the Black Rock Rolling Mills of Buffalo, was a loyal democrat and a member of the Holy Angel's church. His demise occurred in 1865, when the subject was still a boy. In his family were four sons and four daughters. The sons were Thomas, John, Michael and Joseph, all deceased with exception of Michael. Ann is now the widow of Ransom Barlow and resides in Rochester, New York ; Ellen and Catherine are deceased ; and Mary is the widow of Thomas Feeney. Michael Naylon spent the first twenty-one years of his life in Buffalo. When quite young he enjoyed a few years' schooling, but at the age of ten was enrolled among the wage earners. He entered the rolling mills in which his father was employed, it being his duty to pull up doors for heaters. He gradually learned the more difficult and dangerous processes and at the age of seventeen secured employment in the Pratt Mills of his home city. After four or five years he went to Hamilton, Canada, where for four years he worked in the guide mill, and then was promoted to roller, at which he continued for the next two years. About this time the owner of the mill, Charles Fuller, purchased the Aetna Mills of Cleveland and brought Mr. Naylon with him to the Forest city. He took charge of the mill as boss roller and held this important position for the ten years, between 1879 and 1889. He then removed to East St. Louis and remained there for three years in a similar capacity. From St. Louis he went to Belleville, Illinois, where he superintended a rolling mill for the space of a year. Returning to Cleveland, he was employed for five months in the Cleveland Rolling Mills, and then went to Joliet, Illinois, where he engaged in his special line of work for three years. Again he came to Cleveland but remained only a short time and then .went to Alabama, where he assumed charge of rolling mill interests. His last and most important position was the charge of the Moline Mills, in which he is still interested. Desiring to retire and enjoy the fruits of his previous activity in leisure, he, a few months ago, gave over his responsible position in the Moline Mills into the hands of his sons, Robert John and Michael C., and if they exhibit the same ability possessed by their father, his retirement will be permanent. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 889 In 1876 Mr. Naylon was married in Buffalo, New York, to Melvina George, a native of Ramma, Canada, and their union has been blessed by the birth of six sons and three daughters. Catherine Melvina is the wife of William H. Jamison, who is engaged in the wall-paper business in this city. Robert John, now of the Moline Mills, has established a home for himself by his marriage to Miss Lizzie Heisler. Joseph Henry married Miss Lottie Heisler and has two children, Robert and Helen. Michael is associated with Robert John in the Moline Mills. William is engaged in the automobile business. Georgia Irene is at home. Jennie is deceased. Elton and LeRoy J. attend St. Agnes School. Mr. Naylon and his family are consistent members of St. Agnes church. Mr. Naylon is a supporter of the democratic party, but on local issues he is independent in his exercise of the right of franchise. In addition to his milling interests he is a property owner, his holdings including the elegant Naylon flats on Eighty-second street and three residences on Jones Road. Mr. Naylon must be placed on the roll of successful men, but what he has achieved has been directly due to his own wisdom and ability. Asking only a fair field and no favors, he has advanced through successive stages from the lad who earned a pittance in his lowly capacity in a mill to be a man of property, enjoying the respect of his fellowmen. ALANSON T. OSBORN. Alanson T. Osborn came to Cleveland in 1862 and has since been associated with the interests that have given character and strength to the city. He has been especially active in prominent manufacturing interests and his efforts have been equally effective through the offices of the church in promoting the moral development of the community. His life record began in Rensselaerville, Albany county, New York, April 11, 1845. His father, William Osborn, was born February 6, 1799, in Albany, New York, and there engaged m the merchant tailoring business for many years. He enjoyed the friendship of a large number of the public men of the day and was an intimate associate of Thurlow Weed, of the Albany Journal. He became a stalwart champion of the cause of abolition in the early days of that movement. His death occurred in 1887. The mother 0f our subject bore the maiden name of Ann Amelia Hotchkiss and was also a native of the state of New York. Their family numbered five children : Charles Hotchkiss, who was born September 22, 1841, and is now deceased ; Ralph Addison, a resident of Denver ; Alanson T., of this review ; and Maria Louisa and Amanda, residents of Horseheads, New York. In the public schools of Elmira and of Horseheads, New York, Alanson T. Osborn pursued his education and on its completion he became chief clerk in the Horseheads postoffice, which constituted his initial service in the business world. In September, 1862, he came to Cleveland, where he has since made his home and here he engaged with R. P. Myers in the manufacture of stoves, tin plate and tinners' supplies. A subsequent change in the partnership led to the adoption of the firm name of Myers, Rouse & Company, while later it became Myers, Osborn & Company. A. T. Osborn remained with the firm until 1868, when he became associated with the Sherwin-Williams Company and so continued until 1882. This brought him wide experience in connection with the paint trade and later he engaged in the retail paint and supply business, which he carried on from 1882 until 1906, when it was discontinued. In the interim, covering twenty-four years, he met with success, the volume of trade transacted over his counters being an extensive one. As the reward of his close application and capable management he has practically retired from very active life and is only looking after his private interests and is now enjoying the rest which he has fully earned and richly deserves. 890 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND His activities in lines of church work and moral development have been equally untiring and effective. For a long period he has been numbered among the leading members of the Euclid Avenue Baptist church and has been most helpful in promoting the church work and kindred interests. He is president of the board of trustees of the Baptist Home of northern Ohio, has served as president and vice president of the Cleveland Baptist Mission Society, and has been active in the Young Men's Christian Association, serving for a number of years on the board of trustees, also as treasurer and as a member of a number of its most important committees. His political allegiance has been given to the republican party since age conferred upon him the right of franchise and at the time of the Civil war, although yet a boy in his teens, he served a term of enlistment as a member of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio 'Volunteer Infantry, being stationed during that time at Washington, D. C. His interest in municipal affairs has been manifest in various movements for the public good and in those measures instituted by the Chamber of Commerce, of which he was for many years a member. On the 7th of October, 1868, Mr. Osborn was married t0 Catharine Arnet, a daughter of Henry and Jean (Allan) Chisholm. Her father was one of Cleveland's best known citizens and extended mention is made of him elsewhere in this volume. Mrs. Osborn is a member of the board of the Protestant Orphans Home, president of the board of lady managers of the Baptist Home of northern Ohio, and also 0f the Ladies Society of the Euclid Avenue Baptist church. She has long been helpfully interested in the various charities of the church and she and her husband are as one in their activities along church and benevolent lines. Their family numbers two sons and a daughter : William A., the eldest, was graduated from the Rockwell high school and from Yale University in 1893 and completed post-graduate work there in 1894. For several years thereafter he was chief chemist for the American Steel & Wire Company, and he is specially interested in amateur photography and chemical research, being one of the first to successfully engage in color photography. The daughter Jean, is the wife of R. G. A. Phillips, secretary of the American Multigraph Company, and they have two children: George Howe and Catharine. Henry Chisholm, the youngest son, is the president of the American Multigraph Company. The family residence is at No. 2317 Euclid avenue and they have a country place, Hazel Dean, on Gardner Road, in Nottingham, a beautiful estate of thirty acres, giving him ample opportunity to indulge his love of flowers and gardening. He is an enthusiast on the subject of motoring and now has leisure for the enjoyment of those things which constitute his interests and pastimes, owing to the enterprise and capable management which he displayed in his business affairs in earlier years. MARTHA A. CANFIELD, A. M., M. D. While woman has demonstrated her power to capably fill every position demanding mental alertness and comprehension rather than physical force, there is no field in which she has done more excellent work than in the practice of medicine, owing perhaps to a delicacy of touch and a ready sympathy which are usual attributes of the feminine. That Dr. Canfield is most capable in her chosen life work is indicated in the extensive practice accorded her. She was born in Freedom, Portage county, Ohio, September TO, 1845, and in both the paternal and maternal lines comes of old New England families, her maternal grandfather being Captain Daniel Brown, of Sheffield, Massachusetts, allied with the Barretts of Concord, Massachusetts. Her father's mother, Fanny Goodrich, was a direct descendant of the original Goodrich family of Wethersfield, Con- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 893 necticut. Her parents, Henry and Eliza Ann Robinson, were pioneers in Freedom, Portage county, Ohio, and carved a beautiful farm out of the wilderness, where their four children were reared, all of whom received a liberal education. After retirement they lived twenty years more in Cleveland in the home of their daughter Dr. Canfield. Dr. Canfield pursued her education in The Western Reserve Eclectic Institute at Hiram, Portage county, Ohio, and in Oberlin College, where she was graduated in 1868, and subsequently received the Master of Arts degree from the same institution. Wishing to become a member of the medical fraternity, she entered the Cleveland Homeopathic College and won her degree on graduation with the class of 1875. She at once located for practice in Cleveland, where she has remained continuously since, save for the period when she was pursuing a post-graduate course under Dr. Leopold, in Dresden, Germany, in 1899, and another course of study under Dr. Pozzi, a noted gynecologist of Paris, in 1905. She was professor of diseases of women at the Cleveland Homeopathic College for seven years, from 1890 until 1897, and has been on the staff of the Cleveland Maternity Hospital since its organization. She is president of the Women's and Children's Free Medical Dispensary and has conducted a private hospital for sixteen years. She is at present director of the Canfield-White Hospital, in which connection she is doing important professional work. Indeed in all of her relations with the medical profession her labors have been far-reaching and effective, being accompanied by substantial results in the restoration of health. She is a contributor to medical journals and is a member of the County, State and National Homeopathic Medical Societies and the Cleveland Medical Library Association. On the 7th of September, 1870, Dr. Canfield was married in Freed0m, Portage county, Ohio, to Harrison Wade Canfield, of Auburn, Geauga county, Ohio, now an attorney of Cleveland. Four children were born unto them : Elma C., the wife of H. B. Cody, who is engaged in the real-estate business in Cleveland ; Mary, the wife of Rev. J. R. Ewers, of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania ; Hiram Henry, an attorney, who is associated with his father ; and Charles Morrill, who died in infancy. Dr. Canfield is a member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational church and of the Women's College Club and is interested in moral, intellectual and social progress, as well as professional advancement. She is a w0man of broad sympathy and keen insight--qualities which enable her readily to understand her patients, while her professional skill meets their needs in the line of medical relief. LORIN S. SHEETS. Lorin S. Sheets, who offers m his life an excellent illustration of what can be accomplished through patient endeavor and progressive methods, is now a member of the important firm known as The Sheets Brothers Elevator Company, dealers in flour, grain, mill feed, builders supplies and coal, at Nos. 6529-6533 Broadway. Mr. Sheets was born in Ashland, Ohio, in June 1857, a son of Samuel and Emeline Sheets. Samuel Sheets was born in the same place in 1827, and there he spent his life engaging in farming. He died September 20, 1902, but the mother still survives. Mr. Sheets attended the public schools of Ashland until he was sixteen years old when he came to Cleveland and engaged as driver on the old Broadway & Newburg Street Railway horse cars, thus continuing for two years. Following this he worked for A. A. Jackson, a gardener and general merchant, as his clerk, for five years. Having by this time saved some money, he started a grocery, coal and feed business with his brother James, and during the five years that followed they were so successful that they abandoned the handling of groceries, con- 894 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND fining themselves to coal, feed and builders supplies. In May, 1899, they incorporated the business with Mr. Sheets as president, and since then have enlarged their territory considerably, using ten wagons and giving employment to twenty-five people. Mr. Sheets was married in Cleveland, in September, 1884, to Miss Brainerd, and they have five children, namely: Helen, who takes a great interest in music ; Brainerd who is attending the University high school ; Ruth, a pupil in the East high school ; Alice and Elizabeth who are public school attendants. Mrs. Sheets is a daughter of Joseph L. and Mary (Sears) Brainerd. Her grandfather, James Sears, was one of the pioneers of Brooklyn township, where he settled on coming to Ohio from Connecticut. Joseph L. Brainerd who was born in 1827, was a Union soldier of the Civil war, serving in the One Hundred and Sixty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and was a member of the Grand Army of the Republic. He died January 21, 1909. Mrs. Brainerd still survives. Mr. Sheets is a republican and has always been a faithful supporter of his party. His religious affiliations are with the Presbyterian church. As a diversion, Mr. Sheets is greatly interested in automobiling and horses and his social connections are with some of the most exclusive people of Cleveland. Mr. Sheets' uprightness of character, genial and wholesome manner and the frankness of his intercourse have attracted to him hosts of friends, while in his business relations he demonstrates his natural ability and keen grasp of detail. GEORGE PRESLEY. On the honor roll of Cleveland appears the name of George Presley, who was possessed of a cash capital of but three dollars on his arrival in this city. In the years of an active business career he attained both prominence and success and his rise was due entirely to his ready adaptation, his intelligent appreciation of opportunities and his persistency of purpose. He was born February 22, 1820, in Cornwall, Lower Canada, his parents being John and Almira (Raymond) Presley. In the paternal line he comes of a family of Scotch origin, while his maternal genealogy is of pure English strain. During his childhood days he accompanied his parents 0n their removal from the Dominion across the border into Jefferson county, New York, where the father engaged in farming, George Presley assisting him in the work of the fields through the summer months. In the meantime he also acquired a fair education in the public schools and when eighteen years of age he started out in life on his own account, making his way to Clayton, Jefferson county, where he engaged with George S. Wicks to learn the trade of shipbuilding. He completed his trade with John Oades in 1843 and in the same year sought the opportunities of the growing middle west. Removing to Cleveland, he retained his residence here up to the time of his death and always lived on Clinton street. His parents subsequently removed to this city and also continued here until called to their final home. Upon his arrival in Cleveland Mr. Presley sought and obtained employment with the firm of Sanford & Moses, who were then prominent shipbuilders here. He subsequently engaged m similar work for Washington Jones and still later entered the employ of S. & A. Turner but throughout all this time was actuated by the laudable desire to some day engage in business on his own account. In 1848 he first began individual operations in contracting for and building vessels, and in this way was associated with Ira Laffriemier and William Stevens. Two years later he formed other business connections in the same line, a new firm being organized. Its existence was maintained until 1850, when Mr. Presley became the junior partner in the firm of Stevens & Presley, thus conducting business until 1878. In that year the firm of Presley & Company was organized and conducted a prosperous business until its dissolution in 1887, being merged into HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 895 the Cleveland Dry Dock Company, which represented the interests of Mr. Presley and the Globe Iron Works Company. As the owner of half the stock he was a prominent factor in the counsels and management of the new concern. He superintended the construction of the steamers H. J. Johnson and George Presley and the company had other important work under its control. This was not the first shipbuilding, however, that Mr. Presley was connected with for he had built many boats before this. His work in the construction of steamers at that time, however, constituted the beginning of the great enterprise later developed under the name of the American Shipbuilding Company. In 1850 the firm of Stevenson & Presley built the first horse power railway for hauling out vessels, but in 1856 abandoned that line and built a new large steam railway. In 1870-1 they built the first dry dock, which they owned until it passed into possession of the Cleveland Dry Dock Company. Mr. Presley's work was ever of a most important character in connection with the shipping interests of this part of the country. He built and floated upwards of fifty vessels and averaged at least one a year through all the years of his connection with the industrial life of Cleveland. He was a man of resolute and determined spirit and accomplished what he undertook. He did this through the careful coordination of forces, through the utilization of every honorable means at hand and through a persistency of purpose that enables him to overcome any obstacle that might be set aside by indefatigable energy. As the years passed he prospered in his undertakings until he reached a high financial position. Moreover, he ever sustained an honored name, for he never won success at the cost of another's prosperity and in all of his dealings was thoroughly reliable and trustworthy. Mr. Presley was married twice and is survived by four children of the second marriage: Maria, now the wife of Barnabas Eldridge, a prominent manufacturer of sewing machines at Belvidere, Illinois ; George ; Charles H. ; and Lewis B. In his religious faith Mr. Presley was a Methodist and in his early political views was a republican but later because of his great interest in the temperance movement he gave his support to the prohibition party. He served for several years as a member of the city council, ever exercising his official prerogatives in support of measures which he deemed of value in promoting general progress and improvement. A Knight Templar Mason, he belonged to the lodge, chapter and commandery in Cleveland and also to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. The forces of his life were well balanced. While he made continuous and gratifying progress in business he did not sacrifice to material interests the time which should be given to matters of citizenship 0r to moral development. He was actuated in all that he did by high and honorable principles and worthy motives and fully met every demand that was made upon him. GEORGE PRESLEY, JR. George Presley, Jr., well known in Cleveland as one of the native sons of the city, acquired his early education in its public schools and afterward had the benefit of instruction in Oberlin College, from which he was graduated in due course of time. On the completion of his college course he went to Detroit, Michigan, where he engaged in business, and it was during his residence there that he met the lady—Miss Elizabeth Minturn—whom he afterward made his wife, their marriage being celebrated September 3, 1873. She was a daughter of Adam Minturn, one of Detroit's reliable and stalwart business men and a representative of an old New England family. Unto Mr. and Mrs. George Presley, Jr., were born two children : Edith, now the wife of Robert Reed ; and Ruth, who was graduated from Vassar College in 1909. The death of George Presley, Jr,, occurred August 17, 1902. Like his father, he had occupied a prominent place in business circles. He was a member of. the firm of Bassett, Presley & 896 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Company, owners of iron and steel warehouses—a business established twenty- five years ago. He took active interest in the moral progress of the community and for eighteen years was treasurer and president of the board of trustees of the Franklin Avenue Methodist church. Mr. Presley was a member of the Century Club and a Consistory Mason, and was popular in the city where the greater part of his life was passed. Relieved of the necessity for the strenuous labor which was his father's lot in early years, he had time for the cultivation of social interests and for individual progress, and was numbered among Cleveland's worthy and respected citizens. GEORGE L. SCHRYVER. George L, Schryver, is head of the firm of G. L. Schryver & Company, in which connection he represents one of the oldest dry-goods establishments in this city. He entered business circles in Cleveland at a salary of eight dollars per week and previously had worked for a much less compensation in his native country. He was born in Napanee, Ontario, Canada, October 4, 1848, a son of George Schryver. Tradition has it that the name of George has been handed down through generations to the eldest son of the family. The Schryvers were of Dutch lineage, the family being founded in America by George Von Schryver, the great-great-grandfather of our subject, who came from Holland and located m the state of New York near New York city. There the family remained until the Declaration of Independence was issued, when rather than take up arms against the crown, they removed to Canada where the family has since become very numerous, many representatives of the name still living in that country. George Schryver, the father, was also a native of Napanee and for many years was a railroad engineer, being at the time of his death the oldest employe in point of service of the Grand Trunk Railway Company. He possessed the unique record of having served for more than a half century without having received a single reprimand during that entire time. He died in June, 1907, at the age of eighty-five years, while his wife, who bore the maiden name of Patty Bowerman, died ten years ago. Reared in his native country, George L. Schryver attended the public schools until fourteen years of age. He served an apprenticeship of four years in a general stare in his native town, his labors beginning at daylight and continuing until about ten o'clock in the evening. He received very small pay although his work was arduous. Early in the morning he went to the store, took down the shutters, swept the room, trimmed the lamps, filled the nail kegs, sugar barrel and tea chests and in other ways made ready for the trade of the day. At length, however, he resolved to seek his fortune across the border where competition is greater but advancement is more quickly secured. Coming to Cleveland in the fall of 1867 Mr. Schryver obtained a position in the house of E. I. Baldwin & Company and for the first six months received only eight dollars per week. Later he was paid ten dollars per week and gradually year by year he was advanced. Mr. Tyler, now the head of the W. S. Tyler Company, was then a member of the firm and under his tuition and watchful eye Mr. Schryver succeeded in making himself useful to Mr. Tyler in some of his special departments, thereby getting a knowledge of notions, ribbons, trimmings and small wares in general. Having proven his ability in business activity he was admitted to the firm in 1879 and has since continued with the house during all of the changes in partnership, which changed the name of E. I, Baldwin & Company in 1883 to E. I. Baldwin, Hatch & Company, while after the death of E. I. Baldwin in 1894 the business was continued under the style of H. R. Hatch & Company and was removed from the old location, at Nos. 214-216 Superior street, to the present store at Nos. 619-625 Euclid avenue. Upon the retirement HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 899 of Mr. Hatch in 1895 the name was changed to the present style of G. L. Schryver & Company. Mr. Schryver came to Cleveland with only thirty dollars and as several months passed before he secured employment, he experienced many hardships. Strong purpose, capability and perseverance, however, gradually enabled him to advance until he is now at the head of one of the largest dry- goods houses of the city. Ever since he entered the firm he has been the working partner, the others feeling that the business was well looked after under the supervision of Mr. Schryver for he was ever at his post, manifesting keen powers of discernment in passing judgment upon matters vital to the trade. Thus close application has become a habit with him and although he might now take life more easily, he still goes to the store each morning at eight o'clock and is the last one to leave in the evening. Mr. Schryver is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, a director of the Cleveland Athletic Club and a member of the Colonial, Cleveland Whist and Westwood Golf Clubs, the last named indicating his principal recreation. He is a trustee of the Plymouth Congregational church and is much interested in matters relative to public progress in material, intellectual, social and moral lines. Mr. Schryver was married to Miss Fannie Hapgood, a daughter of George Hapgood, editor of the Warren Chronicle, Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Schryver passed away leaving two sons and two daughters: George H., of the insurance firm of Neale Brothers & Schryver of Cleveland ; Albert, who is in the employ of his father ; Florence and Mabel, at home. In analyzing the life record of Mr. Schryver it will be seen that his success is due in large measure to his intelligent appreciation of opportunity. What a man does and what he attains depend largely upon his opportunities, but the well balanced man, mentally and physically, is possessed of substantial courage to venture where favoring opportunity is presented and his judgment and even-paced energy generally carry him forward to the goal of success. Such has been the record of Mr. Schryver who stands today as one of the most prominent representatives of mercantile interests in Cleveland. WILLIAM SHERWOOD SNYDER. William Sherwood Snyder, of the firm of Post, Snyder & Company, bankers and brokers, with offices in the Schofield building, is a son of Tillman E. and Alice A. (Kelso) Snyder, of Brimfield, Portage county, Ohio. The son was born in Brimfield, on the 9th of August, 1865, and pursued his education in the public schools of Ravenna, Ohio, to the age of fourteen years, when he entered business circles as an employe of ex-Sheriff Sawyer, of Cleveland, in whose store he acted as clerk for five years. At the time of Mr. Sawyer's election to the office of sheriff he became a deputy and later for four years acted as chief deputy under Sheriff Ryan. He was afterward connected with M. A. Smalley, United States marshal, in the position of cashier, in which capacity he served for four years and later spent a similar period as cashier with the brokerage firm 0f R. H. York & Company. This brought him practical experience concerning the brokerage business, and, ambitious to start upon an independent venture that his labors might more directly benefit himself, he afterward became one of the organizers of the firm of Fuller, Parsons & Snyder, who opened a broker's office, which they conducted for a year. A change in the partnership then led to the adoption of the firm name of Parsons, Snyder & Company, which connection was continued for three years, at the end of which time Mr. Parsons sold his interest and the firm became Post, Snyder & Company and has so continued to the present time. 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