(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) DIVISION V. MILITARY. This entire division was prepared by Colonel J. F. Herrick. It was his last public work ; for soon after the completion of the manuscript, he answered the last roll call. Colonel Herrick, after graduating from Oberlin college in 1862, raised the Eighty-seventh Ohio infantry, was elected captain, was captured by the Confederates at Harper's Ferry, was paroled, came to Cleveland and raised a company for the Twelfth Ohio cavalry and was commissioned as major. He served with the Twelfth cavalry as a part of the Sixth Division of the Twenty-seventh army corps, until the close of the war. At Marion, Virginia, he led the cavalry charge, which won for him the commendation of his superiors, and distinction as a gallant officer. In civil life, Colonel Herrick was no less earnest in his public duties. He practiced law with success, was state senator, and active in numerous benevolent and fraternal societies. CHAPTER XXX. EARLY MILITARY HISTORY; THE WAR OF 1812. By Col. J. F. Herrick. Early settlers in America were and are pioneers. They move forward, generally westwardly, as the frontiers move. They largely determine the character of the future communities. They begin the battle of civilization against savagery. An equipment for pioneer life necessarily includes the essentials of a military outfit. Especially was this always true in America, as long as the Indian tribes overran the territory being settled. Cleveland was settled in 1796, Ohio was admitted as a state in 1802, but not until 1805 were the Indian titles to the lands quieted. Our settlement was made by a military man, and all the pioneers for a score of years had the Indians of various tribes in their midst, sometimes aided by the British in enmity against the Americans, and were obliged constantly to be armed for defense. That no Indian massacre occurred in the Cuyahoga valley-as in the Wyoming and the Tuscarawas and that our infant settlement was free from casualties and from serious depredations, was due as well to military preparation as to good sensible diplomacy. As will appear later in this story, women as well as men were pioneers of Cleveland, ever on the alert, ever ready to help where duty called or the public weal required it. (*) So the pioneer women of Cleveland learned the use of firearms, and had them always in readiness in their humble homes. However, little was required beyond the word that turned away wrath and the discreet use of fire water. Flying visits to the site of Cleveland, before 1796, were made by Colonial, British and French troops. In 1813 a British fleet, under Commodore Barclay, was organized, which suffered defeat on September 1o, 1813, at the hands of Commodore Perry. But from 1796 on, our pioneers were chiefly interested in the long war between civilization and savagery, as they struggled with danger, toil and privation. The first military company was organized on May 7, 1804, by an election of offrcers, resulting as follows: Captain, Lorenzo Carter ; lieutenant, Nathaniel Doan; ensign, Samuel Jones. In 1805, officers were elected of "The Seventh Company of the Second Battalion of the First Regiment of the Fourth Division * - Kennedy, 73. Whittlesey, 400, et seq. 304 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND of the Ohio Militia," as follows : Captain, Nathaniel Doan; lieutenant, Samuel Jones ; ensign, Sylvanus Burk. And returns of this election were mac' to "Elijah Wadsworth, Major General Fourth Division." (1) This organization seems to have continued until the war of 1812, for we find it called out by the sheriff in 1812 to aid m the execution of the Indian O'Mic, and no other elections are recorded up to 1813. "The year 1806 was rendered conspicuous by the holding of a militia training (the 'General Training' of later years"). They marched and countermarched to the lively note of Joseph Burk's drum, which he had used in the Revolutionary war, and to the soul-stirring strains of Lewis Dille's fife. They were all undoubtedly brave, many of them bearing on their shoulders the old firearms of the Revolution. (2) THE WAR OF 1812. (3) This was a supplement to the Revolutionary war. Trouble arose over the impressing and oppressing of American seamen by the British admiralty and other matters which irritated old sores, until open war began in 1812. With the sparse population of Ohio when organized as a state in 1802, we wonder how this state could have rendered much assistance to General Harrison or to Governor Meigs in the Indian wars before and after that event. But we find Ohio furnishing one thousand, two hundred troops to Governor Hullo in 1812 to defend Detroit. And we shall find Cleveland and northern Ohio cutting a military figure in this war—rather to our surprise. For beyond hearing the reports of Perry's guns along the lake shore, we usually have little to tell for Ohio. Congress declared war on Great Britain on June 18, 1812. Swift, mounted couriers delivered this news at Cleveland ten days later. For general defense, reliance was placed on General Van Rensselaer at Niagara and on General Hull at Detroit. But Cleveland was an important military station for the lake region. and was made a rallying point for northeastern Ohio. General Wadsworth at Canfield was in command of the militia of this part of the state. He had quite a force at "Old Portage," twenty-five miles up the Cuyahoga. Major Jessup was in command at Cleveland with regulars ; and a fort at the foot of Seneca street had been erected and named Fort Huntington. Two militia companies, with Captains Murray and Gaylord in command, were out watching and patrolling the shore, each armed as best they could and provided with ammunition. A messenger early in August brought the news of Hull's surrender of Detroit on August 16, 1812. A mounted courier took the word swiftly to Canfield, the headquarters of Major General Wadsworth. This was August 22d. He ordered all his division to arms, started for Cleveland on the 23d with a company as mounted escort and, coming by Hudson, Bedford and Newburg, arrived here on the 24th. Colonel Lewis Cass arrived here from Detroit the same evening. 1 - Whittlesey's "Early History of Cleveland," pp. 332, 398, 405. 2 - Ibid, 408. 3 - Kennedy's "History of Cleveland," p. 557. 4 - Ridpath's "History of the United States," p. 394. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 305 Some days earlier, a scout from Huron had reported a force of British and Indians in boats proceeding down the lake. Then ensued that watching and suspense and anxiety which is more wearing on soldiers than open conflict. The two companies of militia were at once on the alert. Captain Allen, of Newburg, rendezvoused at Doan's Corners ; Captain Murray, of Cleveland, patrolled near the mouth of the Cuyahoga river. But before taking station there, to patrol the lake shore, he sent the families to safer retreats farther inland. Against this order it is related • that some of the ladies protested and resolved not to desert their husbands and friends. Mrs. John Wadsworth, Mrs. Geo. Wallace, and Mrs. Dr. Long led the way to the front to act as nurses, should occasion require. In just this spirit we shall see the ladies of Cleveland, forty-nine years later, organize great aid societies and sanitary commissions, giving all such military aid as patriotic women can render ; 1812 furnished the prototype of the greater test of 1861. Thus patrolling the shore, they discovered a boat approaching in the night. Being hailed, the reply was returned, "We are parolled prisoners of Hull's army." They were coming home. Single wounded men from that army also came home overland. So we find Cleveland soldiers there and nearly everywhere that military duty calls. A Cleveland soldier, named James S. Hills, was killed near the Huron river under General Perkins in the "Battle of the Peninsula" against British and Indians, in which General Perkins won the victory. (This General Perkins was the father of Joseph Perkins, of Cleveland.) A letter published by Colonel Whittlesey (page 442) written by Captain Stanton Sholes contains interesting matter. It says that, under orders of the war department, he marched his company to Cleveland on May Da, 1813, "to aid in the defense of this frontier and to establish a military post." He found here Major Jessup and two or three companies of militia. Governor Meigs met him on arrival and helped him to locate his camp. He found a number of sick and wounded who had been in Hull's surrender, and more coming, but no hospital. He erected one thirty by twenty feet, "with two rows of bunks well strawed." He also built a small fort fifty yards from the bank of the lake, near the foot of Seneca street, and felled the timber to form a breastwork on the brink. That in the middle of July, 1813, General Wm. H. Harrison visited this post for three days. He drew people from all the country around to see the commander in chief of the northwestern army. Then we quote, "On the 19th of June, a part of the British fleet appeared off our harbor, with the apparent design to land. When they got within one and a half miles of our harbor it became a perfect calm, and they lay there until after noon, when a most terrible thunderstorm came up and drove them from our coast. We saw them no more as enemies. Their object was to destroy the public or government boats, then built and building, in Cayuhoga river, and other government stores at that place." In this connection, it is surprising to learn that in 1813 two of the boats in Commodore Perry's fleet on September 10, 1813, were built on the Cuyahoga river, some fifteen or twenty miles above its mouth. It was at "Old Portage," a prominent frontier place at that time, with part of General Wadsworth's army there, and where the Indians carried their canoes six miles to and from the head waters of the Tuscarawas river. After these boats were launched they were 306 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND floated down to "the pineries," where their masts were put in place. The workmen killed a porcupine while doing this, from which they named one boat the "Porcupine," the other they called the "Portage," in token of the locality. (5) These boats were probably provisioned and equipped with sails at Cleveland, and then, watching Commodore Barclay's fleet, were sailed to Erie for armament. Later they were with Perry as his fleet sailed westerly, stopping a few hours off our harbor on his way to Put-in-Bay. Later still, on September loth, Cleveland heard the boom of Perry's guns, and soon after Perry's immortal report of the battle of Lake Erie, "We have met the enemy, and they are ours," was sent to the world. Cleveland and Cuyahoga river contributed to that great victory. It should be borne in mind that in 1813 the Cuyahoga carried more water than since the forests have been cleared; and that the boats then built were small compared with the present leviathans on the lakes. Twice before the battle of Lake Erie General Harrison inspected this post and the companies stationed here; Commodore Perry anchored his fleet off the Cuyahoga on his way to Put-in-Bay ; and in company with General Harrison and his staff was banqueted at Cleveland after his victory.̊ We have spoken of two Cleveland militia companies as serving during the war of 1812. Captain Allen Gaylord's company was from Newburg, long since embraced in the limits of Cleveland, but then a separate and larger village than Cleveland. The Cleveland company fortunately left us its full roster, as follows : Captain, Harvey Murray ; lieutenant, Lewis Dille ; ensign, Alfred Kelley ; sergeants, Ebenezer Green, Simeon Moss, Thomas Hamilton, Seth Doan ; corporals, James Root, John Lanterman, Asa Dille, Martin G. Shelhouse ; drummer, David S. Tyler; fifer, Rodolphus Carlton ; privates, Arctus Burk, Allen Burk, Charles Brandon, John Bishop, Moses Bradley, Silas Burk, Sylvester Beacher, James S. Bills, John Carlton, Mason Clark, Anthony Doyle, Luther Dille, Samuel Dille, . Samuel Dodge, Moses Eldred, Samuel Evarts, Ebenezer Fish, Zebulon R. S. Freeman, Robert Harberson, Daniel S. Judd, Jackson James, Stephen King, Guy Lee, Jacob Mingus, Thomas Mcllrath, William McConkey, Samuel Noyes, David Reed, John Sweeney, Parker Shadrick, Luther Sterns, Bazaleel Thorp, John Taylor, Thomas Thomas, Hartman Van Duzen, Joseph Williams, Matthew Williamson, John Wrightman, Wm. White, Joseph Burk, Robt. Prentice, Benj. Ogden. CHAPTER XXXI. INDEPENDENT COMPANIES—THE MEXICAN WKR. By Col. J. F. Herrick. Ten years of military stagnation followed the close of the War of 1812, as seemed natural. 5 - Perrin's "History of Summit County," p. 502. 6 - Montgomery's "Life of Wm. H. Harrison," p 200. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 307 In 1825, the first uniformed military company in Cleveland was formed. It was a mounted or cavalry company, probably independent, called "The Light Horse Troop," Captain Geo. L. Chapman. It disbanded early in the '30s. The venerable John Doan, of "Doan's Corners," East Cleveland, was the last survivor of this troop. He died in 1896, aged ninety-nine years. In 1837, the independent infantry companies began. The "Cleveland Grays" were organized on August 28th, the first company, but their captain was taken sick and was confined for months. Meantime another company was formed under Captain Ross, which took the name of "The City Guards," this name being all the rage in the east, and the Guards appeared on parade, July 4, 1838. "Mention is made of the Guards on parade as late as July 4, 1843, and that is the last we hear of them."' The Cleveland Grays will have a separate notice hereafter, and also the Gun Squad and the Cleveland Light Artillery. In 1847, the Cleveland Grays were joined in their 4th of July parade by three new companies: "The German Guards," "The Yagers," Captain Salberg, and "The Hibernian Guards," Captain P. A. McBarron. These companies seem to have been ephemeral, stimulated in 1847, perhaps by the Mexican war. The Hibernian Guards, however appeared in public on July 4, 1854, and as late as 1862. This brings us up to the Civil war. Doubtless these nuclei of companies aided materially in raising companies for the war, as we know the Grays and the Light Artillery companies did. But the independent companies after the war will be taken up hereafter. THE CLEVELAND GRAYS. This organization was formed as an independent company on August 28, 1837, and their first appearance in public was on September 6, 1838. Timothy Ingraham was their first captain, and his sickness, for months after their first start delayed their equipment and first parade. Their name came from the color of their uniform; and during a career of seventy years they have made that name famous throughout the land. We cannot detail all their parades and banquets on July 4th and February 22d ; of late years February 22d has been their favorite day for parade, but all special days which needed them have found them ready for duty. A beautiful flag was presented to them on May 23, 1839. They held an encampment on a lot where now is the corner of Superior and Erie streets, on July 4, 1839; and were visited by invitation, on July 6th, by the "Buffalo Guards," with "Fay's Gun Squad." The latter, with its glittering uniform and roar of cannon which reverberated through our hills, filled our citizen soldiery with enthusiasm. Nine of the Grays were detailed to form a gun squad, with David L. Wood as sergeant, in command. This was the beginning of "The Cleveland Light Artillery," to be noticed later. It should be borne in mind that both the Grays and the Gun Squad furnished their own uniforms and equipments at their private expense. 1 - Kennedy's "History of Cleveland," p. 292. 308 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND In 1845, quite a number of the Grays joined the Gun Squad, increasing the number of men and guns of the latter and its sergeant became its captain. The military spirit waned f0r some years with the Grays, although it paraded under Captain A. S. Sanford on July 4, 1847. But in 1854 the Grays revived under T. S. Paddock as captain, and the old flag of 1839, was again presented to them, with a speech. They were popular and the people were loyal to them as the newspapers of that period testify. Beginning with a trip to Fort Meigs with the Gun Squad, during the Harrison campaign of 1840 to attend a large military display, where our two companies won honors, the Grays and the Gun Squad, later "The Cleveland Light Artillery," visited Akron, Wooster, Sandusky, Niagara Falls, and perhaps later Chicago, Buffalo, Boston, New Orleans, and even San Francisco, California. Together, we find the Grays and the Light Artillery the main attraction on September 10, 1860, at the notable ceremony of unveiling the statue of Commodore Perry in the center of the Public Square. Again together, in April, 1861, they were both feverish to go to the front. The Grays were the first to leave, on April 16th, and the Light Artillery were the first in battle and lost the first Cleveland man in battle. The war records of both will be detailed later. THE CLEVELAND LIGHT ARTILLERY. This splendid organization was born on July 6, 1839. There were only nine men at first, but they uniformed themselves and procured a six pound iron cannon, built their own carriage for it and a caisson als0, for their ammunition which they likewise made. David L. Wood was drill sergeant and he was himself well drilled and knew how to impart his information to others. The drill was in the French style of tactics, called the "flying artillery." The squad first exhibited these tactics at Fort Meigs in 1840. In 1845, the Gun Squad "seceded" from the Grays, increased its membership, procured two twelve pound guns, called itself the Cleveland Light Artillery and elected David L. Wood 'captain. Its membership was composed of the young men of the best families, among whom appear such well known citizens as James Barnett, E. S. Flint, W. H. Hayward, Edward A. Scovill and C. J. Meriam. The company rented an armory, hired horses when required, furnished its own harness, and these together with their uniforms and traveling and all other expenses were paid out of their own pockets. They attended an encampment at Wooster, in 1846, and a great convention in Chicago, in 1847, from which latter visit sprung the first Chicago Light Artillery, with a Cleveland artilleryman as instructor. Through such visits as this and the removal west of members of this battery, who became drill masters in their new homes, a strong influence was exerted for this arm of the service ; and many officers 0f artillery during the Civil war turned out to be old members of the Cleveland company. (2) In 1847, A. S. 2 - "Reminiscences of the Ohio Light Artillery," p. 6. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 309 Sanford was elected captain and served four years in that capacity, when D. L. Wood was again chosen captain and remained such until shortly before the Civil war. In 1851, their armament was increased to four guns. The state militia law did not recognize artillery at that time, but so popular and influential was this organization that it induced the state authorities to furnish those four guns and the harness. In 1852 the battery was called to its first duty. A riot occurred about some human bones found in the dissecting room of the medical school, corner of Ontario and Prospect streets. The excitement exceeded the power of the sheriff and he called upon the Light Artillery. They were on duty forty- eight hours. The success of the battery was such as to elicit the pride and material support of the citizens of Cleveland. The battery visited different cities on invitation, supported a commodious armory and gained fame east and west until war times called them away. At last, in 1859, after much urging, the legislature passed a militia law under which artillery could muster. Under it four companies were formed here, one in Brooklyn (now in the city) and one in Geneva. These six were organized into a regiment, which elected the following officers; colonel, James Barnett ; lieutenant colonel, Stephen B. Sturgess; major, Clark S. Gates; surgeon, C. E. Ames; quartermaster, Amos Townsend. These were commissioned by the governor, August 1, 1860. The official name then became the "First Regiment of Light Artillery * * * of Ohio Volunteer Militia." The regiment made its first public appearance on September 10, 1860, as elsewhere told; its next appearance was in 1861 in the mountains of Virginia, to be related hereafter. David L. Wood, who served the Light Artillery so well, and who by one account was made major in 1855 over the four guns, which were then exchanged for brass field pieces, was about 1860, made quartermaster general of the state by Governor Chase, and was reappointed in 1861 by Governor Dennison. He filled the position with honor, but he longed for active service and was soon made a captain in the Eighteenth regiment of the regular army ; was wounded at Stone river, and died in Cleveland in 1881. THE MEXICAN WAR. Cleveland and Cincinnati together raised a company for this war. It was Company H, Fifteenth United States Infantry. Its captain, John S. Perry, and more than half of the members, were from Cleveland. These recruits were raised in March and April, 1847; the captain was appointed April 9, 1847, and the company was mustered out on August 4, 1848. The record of this company in volume 12, "Register of Ohio Soldiers," page 549 is all the information we have. From the musterout roll, we find deaths in its ranks at Vera Cruz, Perote, Pueblo, Cuanaraca, and City of Mexico, also at Chenibusco and Chepultepec. Colonel O. J. Hodge, who was in the Mexican war as a recruit from Buffalo, New York, is our authority for the statement that this company was in all the battles which the army going by Santa Cruz fought, and these were a series of victories. 310 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND It is manifest that Cleveland and Ohio never experienced great enthusiasm over this war. Ohio had Tom Corwin in the United States senate at that time, and probably his influence was felt when he said: "If I were a Mexican, as I am an American, and American troops were to invade Mexican soil, I would welcome them with bloody hands to hospitable graves." An immense territory, Texas to California, was acquired by the United States. The method will always be questioned. But however acquired, civilization is the gainer. CHAPTER XXXII. THE CIVIL WAR—THE CALL TO ARMS. By Col. J. F. Herrick. In preparation for our undertaking of detailing the years 1861-5, it should be said that our statistics are chiefly drawn from county reports. The Cleveland figures are less original than inferential. They will be called Cleveland statistics, because Cleveland was practically Cuyahoga county. Allowances can be made. Moreover, exact records with reference to where enlistments should be credited are well nigh impossible. However, the list of ten thousand volunteers, called our "Roll of Honor," engraved inside our "Soldiers' Monument," is as nearly correct as it can be made. Fort Sumter was attacked on Friday, April 12, 1861. It surrendered on Sunday, April 14, 1861. President Lincoln called out seventy-five thousand volunteers, Monday, April 15, 1861. How rapidly history was then made—April 12, 1861. What changes it made in thousands of lives ! What tragedies it began! What suffering it entailed on seventy millions of people ! What excitement. it produced and what patriotism it aroused ! All opinions and sympathies here leaned patriotically toward support of the government. Such was public opinion in Cleveland. The first morning one man spoke a careless word for the south, and was chased by a growing mob onto a roof, three blocks away. Another dared hurrah for the south in bravado, and obtained a sound thrashing for it on the spot from a citizen who afterward became a good Union soldier. These were less expressions of Cleveland sentiment than idle tests of what the public here would stand. Anyway, from this time on, public sentiment here was all one way. All doubts as to how the people of Cleveland would stand on the war issue were dissipated within a few hours. Business ceased and stores became resorts for discussion of war news— what to do—where to begin—who to be leaders—and what news next. Conservative men there were who still hoped that war would not actually ensue; but they were treated almost with suspicion as to their loyalty. Of course, for a year political straws had been watched, probabilities canvassed and prophecies, some more forceful than sound, made. But a determination was settling into every mind HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 311 that if war came, we must and would unite in defense of a lawfully elected president and stand by the flag of the American Union. Politics, in a measure, had divided parties which after April 12th coalesced. Men of all parties put patriotism first; and they had no doubt what patriotism signified. And then, when April 12th was past, the die was cast. Have you ever observed a suicide, and seen the hopeless regret of the victim as his feet slipped fatally toward the beyond? He would undo the past if he could. So the mistake of Sumter, which cost half a million lives and humbled a proud people, may have stirred a silent regret which pride would not utter. The war must come. Young men must go to war ; old men must encourage; mothers, sisters and lovers must do and suffer for the great cause. Grief must be borne and heroism shown by everybody. Sunday, the 14th, was perhaps the day of greatest excitement. The pulpits all commented on the news and responded to the prevalent patriotism. News came by wire of the surrender of Sumter, after forty-eight hours of continuous cannonading. The Cleveland Light Artillery, Colonel James Barnett, commanding, and the Cleveland Grays, under Captain T. S. Paddock, offered their services to the governor. The excitement was intense. The days following, meetings were held and speeches made. Husbands, brothers and sons were preparing to go; wives, sisters 'and mothers were sorrowfully fitting them out. Speeches and patriotic stimulus were unnecessary; for all the young men were full or ardor, of feverish anxiety and the spirit of sacrifice, and only feared that the "speck of war" would be over before they could get there. When the first orders came from Governor Dennison. "then there was hurrying to and fro," and some of the boys went away on the cars actually in their shirt sleeves. Ah! How little they knew what was before them! They had only vague ideas of what war was. They went to war with a hurrah, to find hardship. privation, blood, fire and death; to find miles of reddened earth, strewn with the dead and wounded; hospitals and ambulances freighted with mangled victims; to find long, weary marches through heat and cold and storms; and disease to combat on beds not smoothed by a motherls hand, and on a diet unfit for a fevered couch. The writer recalls his utter astonishment in camp for the first time when, as a captain, his supper was only beans and coffee and his bed "the soft side of a pine board." Yet, as we shall see, the patriotic spirit was kept bright for the days to come in Cleveland; and when the seventy-five thousand were found inadequate and we had met terrible defeat at Bull Run and the president had called out three hundred thousand, the soldiers in the field joined with the people at home in singing, "We are Coming Father Abraham, Three Hundred Thousand More." Many times was that song and call repeated until two millions and eight hundred thousand responded to that sacred call. We shall see that Cleveland sent to the front her full quota of volunteers and more ; and that they uniformly bore their parts heroically. But commendation is also due to the women of Cleveland and the men whose more imperative duties required a sacrifice of inclination and kept them, at home. Of all these, Whitelaw Reid has beautifully said: "Yet the people who filled these regiments * * * merited more praise than all the rest. They counted 312 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND their sons and sent them forth. They followed them to the camps. They -saw them waste in inaction and die of disease. Then they saw them led by incompetents to needless slaughter. Stricken with anguish, they still maintained their unshaken purpose. They numbered the people again and sent our fresh thousands. They followed them with generous gifts. They cared for the stricken families, and made desolate lives beautiful with the sweet charities of a gracious Christianity." From such patriotism as pervaded all ranks of society in. Cleveland in April, 1861, heroism is born. Heroism is patriotism in action. From that momentous Friday, April 12th, preparati0ns were rife, y0uthful ardor began blazing and on the 15th when the president's first call came enthusiasm broke loose. Neither Governor Dennison nor our local military had waited for the president's proclamation, but proceeded with their plans. On the 16th, the Cleveland Grays, one hundred strong, Captain T. S. Paddock, left for Washington, via Columbus, in response to an order of the governor. It was the first command off for the war. On April 22d, the Cleveland Light Artillery, one hundred and sixty strong, six companies with six brass field pieces and caissons, Colonel James Barnett in command, left for Marietta, via Columbus, arriving at Marietta the next day. This command did the first fighting, and in its ranks the first Cleveland blood was lost in the Union cause. Recruiting of companies and formation of regiments and establishing of camps quickly followed. The first few regiments were enlisted for three months; afterward reorganized for three years or the war, but later all regiments were mustered for three years or during the war. Recruits were more plentiful than arms, accoutrements, ammunition and camp equipage, for the first few weeks and months. Cleveland had several military camps, among them Camps Cleveland and Taylor. There were four regiments filled mainly by Cleveland men; six others had three or four companies from here; while seven others still had so large a representation. from here as to justify notice., I give this list, with the number of Cleveland men in each, such number including recruits of both the three months and three years organizations-namely: First Ohio light artillery, 886; Seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 61o; One hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio volunteer mfantry, 567; One hundred and Fiftieth Ohio volunteer infantry, 801; Twenty-third Ohio volunteer infantry, 341; Forty-first Ohio volunteer infantry, 407; One Hundred and Third Ohi0 volunteer infantry, 461; One hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio volunteer infantry, 291; One Hundred and Seventy- seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 399; Second cavalry, 317 ;.First Ohio volunteer infantry (Cleveland Grays), 154; Thirty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 152; Sixtieth Ohio volunteer infantry, 178; Sixty-fifth Ohio volunteer infantry, 103; Sixty-seventh Ohio volunteer infantry, 212; One Hundred and Seventh Ohio volunteer infantry 251; Sixth Ohio cavalry, 268; Tenth Ohio cavalry, 55; Twelfth Ohio cavalry, 75. This list is selected wholly because of the added interest elicited by the fact that in these regiments were found our Cleveland v0lunteers. Other regiments were just as good; but Cleveland is especially proud of these. We would, how- HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 313 ever, say less than the truth if we neglected the smaller numbers found in seventy- seven other regiments, of whom as soldiers we are equally proud. Three presidents of the United States are found in our regimental list : Rutherford B. Hayes in the Twenty-third, James A. Garfield in the Forty-second, and William McKinley in the Twenty-third Ohio infantry. The census of Cleveland for 1850 was 17,054; 1860, 43,838 ; 1870, 93,825. Cuyahoga county outside of the city in 1860, 33,778; whole county, 77,616. Cleveland had volunteers in ninety-two regiments and batteries. Cleveland sent to war ninety-four military companies, distributed as follows : infantry, seventy-seven ; artillery, twelve ; cavalry, three ; navy, two. Cleveland furnished 432 officers of infantry ; 104 of artillery ; 57 of cavalry ; seven of the navy and twenty- one staff officers-621 commissioned officers in all. Population of Ohio, 1861-5 equaled 2,500,000; available men, 500,000; furnished, 310,654. Population of Cuyahoga county, 1861-5 equaled 78,000; available men, 15,600 ; furnished io,000. Ohio furnished 4,332 men more than her quota—sixty-two per cent of available men ; Cuyahoga county furnished 328 men more than her quota—sixty-four per cent of available men. CHAPTER XXXIII. THE CIVIL WAR—THE CLEVELAND REGIMENTS. By Col. J. F. Herrick. The following regiments will be detailed in this chapter : First Ohio light artillery, 886 Cleveland men; First Ohio infantry (Cleveland Grays), 154 men ; Seventh Ohio infantry, 610 Cleveland men; Twenty-third Ohio infantry, 341 Cleveland men ; Thirty-seventh Ohio infantry, 152 Cleveland men ; Forty-first Ohio infantry, 407 Cleveland men ; One Hundred and Third Ohio infantry, 461 Cleveland men ; One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio infantry, 567 Cleveland men ; One Hundred and Twenty-eighth Ohio infantry, 291 Cleveland men; One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio infantry, 8or Cleveland men; One Hundred and Seventy-seventh Ohio infantry, 399 Cleveland men; Second Ohio cavalry, 317 Cleveland men ; Tenth Ohio cavalry, 55 Cleveland men; Twelfth Ohio cavalry, 75 Cleveland men. THE FIRST OHIO LIGHT ARTILLERY. General Carrington, adjutant general of Ohio in 1861, having been offered the services of the Light Artillery of Cleveland, probably expressed public opinion when, weeks before April 15th, he replied to Colonel Barnett that "It was not at all probable that any cavalry or artillery would be required." But his mind had changed before April loth, for on that date he wired for the artillery to report in Columbus within forty-eight hours. About noon of April 22d, Colonel Barnett, with six companies and six guns with caissons, started by rail for Columbus. These companies were: Company A, Captain W. R. Simmonds and twenty-four men from city; company B, Captain J. G. Mack and twenty-two men from city ; com- 314 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND pany C, Captain F. W. Pelton and twenty-four men from Brooklyn; company D, Captain P. W. Rice and twenty-three men from city; company E, Captain Louis Heckman and twenty men from city; company F, Captain Dennis Kenny and twenty-two men from Geneva, and six more men as subalterns. Fortunately the regiment and the companies of batteries had been fully organized in 1860. Fortunately they were thoroughly _instructed in artillery practice. Fortunately, for the Union cause, the seed sown throughout the west by the Cleveland Light Artillery in years gone by had grown into many other well instructed field batteries, which made their presence felt in the early battles of the war, especially in the very first battles in West Virginia. Nothing so raises the morale of an army in action, especially a small army, as the aid of artillery. It tells when well aimed; its roar is dominant. So—it has been said—the Virginians, at Clarksburg and Phillippi, being unused to such big guns and such tremendous noise, were scared to rout and defeat, by the Cleveland artillery. Hence mountain howitzers are sometimes taken with cavalry on raids, simply for the eclat. What else? Who ever heard of men injured by a mountain howitzer, unless it was the men operating and transporting them ! Colonel Barnett was not allowed to stop at Columbus, where he had expected equipment, but hurried on to Marietta, the frontier between the north and the south. When there (April 23d), he found rebel armies across the river threatening to invade Ohio-and himself with 16o men and six guns, with no infantry support, with no horses to move his guns, no ammunition to shoot, nothing to eat, and, indeed, no equipment from state or nation. They had one hundred and sixty blankets bought in Cleveland and now welcome comforts at night. But his outlook for "putting down the rebellion" just then was gloomy. Thus surprisingly suddenly had come the change from peaceful parades at home, to the realities of "grim-visaged war." They were beginning to experience the privation and danger of army life. His command had not been mustered into United States service; indeed, they served their whole three months and fought in six battles without mustering, but taking .orders from the state and such officers, including General McClellan, as the state directed. Colonel Barnett telegraphed for clothing, uniforms, rations, camp equipage, ammunition and horses. They came, but tardily. At last Colonel (afterward General) Jas. B. Steadman came with a regiment ; other Ohio and Indiana regiments followed. And then on May 28th began the movement into Virginia to prevent the invasion of Ohio. Our forces rightly judged that could be best accomplished in Virginia. Our forces occupied Clarksburg and Grafton; after some skirmishing, the enemy evacuating both places. At Phillippi, on June 4th, the Cleveland Light Artillery had its first experience under fire. It was also the first baptism of fire of any Cleveland volunteers. At Laurel Hill, on July 7th, our Cleveland men had another engagement, in which Geo. H. Tillotson became the first Cleveland man to shed his blood in the Union cause. Finally came the important battle of "Carrick's Ford," on July 14th, in which General Garnett was killed, also fifteen others, fifty prisoners taken, forty wagons and teams, the General's headquarters, two stands of colors and one fine rifled cannon were captured—while the Union forces lost only two killed and six wounded. The cannon captured was given to Colonel Barnett, with the governor's approval, and now HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 315 adorns the public square of Cleveland. (1) General Benham, commanding at Carrick's Ford, in his report to General Morris, says, "The conduct of those gallant officers, Colonels Barnett, Steadman, Dimont and Milroy, with the steady perseverance of their officers and men, in their long and arduous march, suffering from hunger, rain and cold, with their gallantry in action, was most heroic and beyond all praise of mine." On July 3oth, after muster in and muster out at Columbus, our three months' men returned home and were received by an immense concourse of citizens as they marched up the street, with a rebel battle flag and the captured cannon drawn by four southern mules. They were welcomed by a public address. many messages, and altogether an ovation previously or subsequently unexcelled. Our patriotic Cleveland people cheered our regiments when they went out, and welcomed them with cheers upon their return. The First Ohio Light Artillery was then reorganized for the three years' service. Hereafter, the regiment and its colonel part company. Colonel Barnett became General Barnett, chief of artillery on the staff of General Rosecrans. The regiment was enlarged to twelve batteries, each having six guns of larger size and improved pattern. We have space only to mention the officers of the regiment, and then give the officers of each battery with the engagements in which it took an active and honorable part. Field and Staff.—Colonel and brigadier general, James Barnett; lieutenant colonel, Wm. H. Hayward; lieutenant colonel, Walter E. Lawrence ; major, Warren P. Edgarton; major, Wilbur F. Goodspeed; major, Seymour Race. The battles in which this regiment was engaged will be given for each battery going from Cleveland, except the three battles of the three months' service, namely: Phillippi, West Virginia, June 4, 1861; Laurel Hill, West Virginia, July 7, 186i ; Carrick's Ford, West Virginia, July 14, 1861. BATTERY A.—Captain, Chas. W. Scovill; first lieutenant, Samuel W. Treat; second lieutenant, H. C. Grant. Battles engaged in: Dog Walk, Kentucky, October 9, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, to January 2, 1863; Tullahoma, Tennessee, June 23-30, 1863; Hoover's Gap, Tennessèe, June 24, 1863 ; Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 25, 1863 ; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-2o, 1863; Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 23-25, 1863; Dalton, Georgia, May 9, 1864; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 9-30, 1864; Peach Tree Creek, Georgia, July 20, 1864; Atlanta, Georgia, July 28 to September 2, 1864; Columbia, Tennessee, November 24-28, 1864; Spring Hill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864. BATTERY B.—Captain, Norman A. Baldwin; captain, Wm. E. Standart ; second lieutenant, Chas. F. Chase; second lieutenant, Geo. D. Eldridge; second lieutenant, James H. Hill; second lieutenant, John J. Kelley; second lieutenant, Jos. G. Lankester ; second lieutenant, David H. Throup. Battles engaged in: Wild Cat, Kentucky, October 21, 1861 ; Mill Springs, Kentucky, January r9-2o, 1862; Perryville, Kentucky, October 8, 1862; Lavergne, Tennessee, December 26, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862, to 1 - These cannon should all be inscribed in permanent form, that visitors and future generations may know their meaning. 316 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND January 2, 1863; Tullahoma, Tennessee, June 23-30, 1863; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863; Chattanooga, Tennessee, November 23-25, 1863. BATTERY C, from Geneva.-Second Lieutenant, James Storer. BATTERY D, 64 men from Cleveland.-First lieutenant, Albert Edwards ; first lieutenant, Lemuel R. Porter ; first lieutenant, H. G. Vincent; second lieutenant, Wm. M. Camp ; second lieutenant, H. C. Lloyd; second lieutenant, M. Y. Ransom. Battles engaged in : Mum fordsville, Kentucky, September 14-16, 1862; Lavergne, Tennessee, December 26, 1862; Knoxville, Tennessee, siege of, November 17 to December 4, 1863; Kingston, Georgia, May 24, 1864; Atlanta, Georgia, siege of, July 24 to September 2, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennesee, December 15-16, 1864, BATTERY E, 76 Cleveland men.-Captain, Albert G. Ransom ; first lieutenant, Jacob J. Hauck; first lieutenant, Eben P. Sturges ; second lieutenant, Wm. W. Northrop. Battles engaged in: Lavergne, Tennessee, December 26, 1862 ; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31 to January 2, 1863 ; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863 ; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864. BATTERY G, 237 Cleveland men.-Captain, Joseph Bartlett; captain, Alex. Marshall; first lieutenant, Geo. W. Bills ; first lieutenant, John Crable; first lieutenant, Thos. C. Floyd; first lieutenant, H. C. Grant ; first lieutenant, Nathaniel M. Newell; first lieutenant, Robt. D. Whittlesey; second lieutenant, Frank W. Edgarton ; second lieutenant, Milton A. Mitchell; second lieutenant, Wm. W. Smith. Battles engaged in : Pittsburg Landing, Tennessee, April 6-7, 1862; Corinth, Mississippi, May 1-3o, 1862; Franklin Pike, Tennessee, September 7, 1862; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31-January 2, 1863; Tullahoma, Tennesee, June 23-30, 1863 ; Dug Gap, Georgia, September 11, 1863 ; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863 ; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863; Lavergne, Tennessee, September 1, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, September 2, 1864; Campbellville, Tennessee, September 3, 1864; Pulaski, Tennessee, Sep' tember 27, 1864; Spring Hill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864. BATTERY K, 57 Cleveland men.-Captain, Louis Heckman ; first lieutenant, Andrew Burwick; first lieutenant, Henry S. Camp ; first lieutenant, John H. Rees ; first lieutenant, Chas. M. Schiely; second lieutenant, Albert Edwards. Battles engaged in: McDowell, Virginia, May 8, 1862; Cross Keys, Virginia, June 8, 1862; Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862; Freeman's Ford, Virginia, August 22-23, 1862; Sulphur Springs, Virginia, August 24, 1862; Waterloo Ford, Virginia, August 25, 1862; Groveton (Bull Run), Virginia, August 28-29, 1862; Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 1-4, 1863 ; Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 1-3, 1863; Wauhatchie, Tennessee, October 27, 1863 ; Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863. BATTERY I.-Captain, John A. Bennett ; first lieutenant, Wm. F. Sliney ; second lieutenant, Chas. F. Chase. BATTERY L.-First lieutenant, William Walforth. BATTERY M.-First lieutenant, Martin L. Paddock. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 317 The following independent batteries also joined the regiment : Nineteenth Ohio Independent Battery.-Captain, Joseph C. Shields ; captain, Frank Wilson; first lieutenant, William Dustin; first lieutenant, Charles B. Harris; second lieutenant, John N. Estabrook ; second lieutenant, James W. Grimshaw ; second lieutenant, Robertson Smith. Battles engaged in : Knoxville, Tennessee (siege of), November 17-December 4, 1863; East Tennessee campaign, 1863 and 1864; Atlanta, Georgia (siege 0f), July 28-September 2, 1864 ; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864. TWENTIETH OHIO INDEPENDENT BATTERY.—Captain, William Backus ; captain, Louis Smithnight ; first lieutenant, John S. Burdick; first lieutenant, Oscar W. Hancock ; first lieutenant, Henry Horn ; first lieutenant, Harlan P. Josselyn ; first lieutenant, Charles F. Nitschelm ; first lieutenant, Francis 0. Robbins ; first lieutenant, Henry Roth ; second lieutenant, Matthias Adams ; second lieutenant, Henry Hoehn ; second lieutenant, William Neracher. Battles engaged in : Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 25, 1863 ; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863 ; Atlanta, Georgia, July 28-September 2, 1864; Dalton, Georgia, August 14-16, 1864; Franklin, Tennessee, November 30, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864. These officers also served in the light artillery : Captain, Harrison B. York, Ninth battery Ohio light artillery ; second lieutenant, Edward Cowles, Ninth battery Ohio light artillery ; first lieutenant, Ami P. Fairbanks, Twelfth battery Ohio light artillery ; captain, James Burdick, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artillery; first lieutenant, Lyman Bailey, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artillery ; first lieutenant, Edwin F. Reeve, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artillery; second lieutenant, Stiles E. Sturges, Fifteenth battery Ohio light artillery ; first lieutenant, Wm. H. H. Smith, Twenty-first battery Ohio light artillery; first lieutenant, Gilbert J. Doolittle, Twenty-fifth battery Ohio light artillery ; first lieutenant, Alex. C. Ruple, Twenty-fifth battery Ohio light artillery ; first lieutenant, James H. Stuart, Battery G, Second Ohio heavy artillery ; first lieutenant, Homer H. Baldwin, Battery H, Fifth United States. FIRST OHIO INFANTRY, Cleveland Grays, 154 Cleveland men.—First lieutenant and quartermaster, James Hill; first lieutenant and quartermaster, Edward J. Collins; first lieutenant, Wm. M. Carpenter, Company D; first lieutenant, Alexander Varian, Company D; second lieutenant, Willard Prentiss, Company D; captain, Jeremiah Ensworth, Company E; captain, Thos. S. Paddock, Company E; first lieutenant, Jas. B. Hampson, Company E; second lieutenant, John N. Frazee, Company E; second lieutenant, Jos. M. Richards, Company E; first lieutenant, Sylvanus S. Dixon, Company I. . Battles engaged in : Shiloh, Tennessee, April 7, 1862 ; Stone River, Tennessee, December 31, 1862 ; Liberty Gap, Tennessee, June 25, 1863 ; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863 ; Orchard Knob, Tennessee, September 23, 1863; Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863 ; Buzzard Roost, Georgia, May 8, 1864; Resaca, Georgia, May 14, 1864; Adairsville, Georgia, May 17, 1864; Burnt Hickory, Georgia, May 27, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 17, 1864 ; Chattahoochee River, Georgia, July 6, 1864. 318 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND THE CLEVELAND GRAYS. For over twenty years this splendid company had won fame as an independent company and became the pride of the city. Now that war in earnest had come, how would they stand? They started for the defense of Washington, via Columbus, on April 16th, the next day after the president's first call for volunteers. Its first skirmish, on June 77th, was at Vienna, Virginia, while aboard train, the awkwardest position a regiment can be placed in: It was Company D, First Ohio Volunteer Infantry. The regiment drove the enemy off and resumed its journey. It was in the first battle of Bull Run, July 21st, not having a very active part, but it covered a portion of the retreat in good and regular order, for which it was highly complimented. Its regiment soon after reorganized for three years and the Grays reenlisted for three years and became Company E, First Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Before detailing its service, let us notice the patriotic influence it exerted at home. Although it had a company in the field, it always had members at home, and recruits ever rushed to its recruiting office. In 1862, the Grays raised two companies D and E for the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. In 1864 it raised five companies for the One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and furnished nearly all the regimental officers. This regiment was practically a Cleveland command. The Grays also, first and last, furnished to the Civil war eighty commissioned officers. SEVENTH OHIO INFANTRY, 610 Cleveland men.—Colonel, Wm. R. Creight0n; lieutenant colonel Orrin J. Crane; surgeon, Curtis J. Bellows ; assistant surgeon, Henry K. Cushing; assistant surgeon, John C. Ferguson ; adjutant, Morris Baxter; adjutant, Louis G. DeForest; adjutant, Jos. B. Molyneaux ; chaplain, F. T. Brown; chaplain, Dean C. Wright; captain, Wm. A. Howe, Company A; captain, Geo. A. McKay, Company A ; captam, Jos. B. Molyneaux, Company A; first lieutenant, Dwight H. Brown, Company A; second lieutenant, Dudley A. Kimball, Company A ; captain, Mervin Clark, Company B ; first lieutenant, Edward H. Bohm, Company B ; first lieutenant, Henry Z. Eaton, Company B ; first lieutenant, Thos. T. Sweeney, Company B; second lieutenant, Joseph Cryne, Company B; captain, Llewellyn R. Davis, Company C; second lieutenant, A. J. Williams, Company D; captain, Albert C. Burgess, Company F ; first lieutenant, Marcus S. Hopkins, Company F; captain, Christian Nesper, Company H; captain, Judson N. Cross, Company K; captain, John F. Schutte, Company K; first lieutenant, C. F. Nitschelm, Company K. Battles : Cross Lanes, West Virginia, August 26, 1861 ; Winchester, Virginia, March 23, 1862; Port Republic, Virginia, June 9, 1862 ; Cedar Mountain, Virginia, August 9, 1862 ; Antietam, Maryland, September 17, L862 ; Dumfries, Virginia, December 27, 1862; Chancellorsville, Virginia, May 7-4, 1863; Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, July 7-3, 7863 ; Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863 ; Mission Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863; Ringgold, Georgia, November 27, 1863; Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia, May 5-9, 1864; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864. This regiment deserves especial notice, together with some others, because it was essentially a Cleveland regiment. Cleveland furnished three companies HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 319 of it; Oberlin, one; Painesville, one; Warren, one; and it was all raised in and about this city. It was a representative regiment, the first to organize and start from here, and filled with the first patriotic and enthusiastic young men of the best families of northern Ohio. A regiment which went into a battle ("Cedar Mountain") with three hundred men and came out with only one hundred, warrants comment; a regiment which lost, killed in battle ("Missionary Ridge") its colonel and lieutenant colonel inspires our admiration. The Seventh began its field service in West Virginia. Its first battle was at "Cross Lanes" on August 24, 1861, where it lost one hundred and twenty men in killed, wounded and prisoners. This was the first serious blow to Cleveland from war reverses. Cross Lanes! Although a small battle, to the writer's boyish thought it was the greatest battle of modern times. Ah, the feverish haste at home to go to the wounded and the dead. A wounded soldier from Cross Lanes was a hero par excellence and drew out sentiments of both sorrow and pride wherever he went. After Cross Lanes, the Seventh was practically a veteran regiment. Being one of the first in the field and well drilled and now having gone through a severe battle, it was naturally chosen for difficult tasks and put in places of great honor and of great hazard—of honor, because of great hazard. Hence we find it suffering great losses. The Seventh Ohio must be there, because that point must be held or that hill taken at all hazards. It is very honorable but very costly in lives and limbs. The regiment served in the Shenandoah valley under General Landic, and General Shields, fought against Stonewall Jackson, fought heroically at the first battle of Winchester, were at Fredericksburg under McDowell, fought at Port Republic under General Tyler, on the peninsula under General McClellan, at Cedar Mountain under General Banks, where the regiment lost over half its men, in the battle of Antietam, at Bolivar Heights, at Chancellorsville, at Gettysburg, where it was moved from point to point where danger was greatest, was at New York to help quell the draft riots, joined General Joe Hooker and helped win Lookout Mountain, at Mission Ridge, in which every commissioned officer except one was wounded or killed. Its two colonels were killed here. It fought at Rocky Face Ridge and at Resaca, its last battle. In most of these battles victory was won ; sometimes not, but the struggle—the fighting—went on just the same. Eighteen hundred men had, first and last, belonged to the regiment ; it mustered out only two hundred and forty able bodied men, on July 8, 1864, who brought home its unsullied colors riddled by the shot and shell of all these battles. The Seventh Ohio Infantry performed an important part in the war. It served more than three years—its time was out, and as a regiment it served no' longer; but many of its members found their way back again to pork and hardtack and hardship; to the allurements of a soldier's life whichever attracts the veteran. TWENTY-THIRD OHIO INFANTRY.-34I Cleveland men. (Presidents Rutherford B. Hayes and William McKinley were both members of this regiment.) Major, James P. Mcllrath; major, Harry Thompson ; captain, Eugene 320 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Clark, Company A ; first lieutenant, Wm. P. Chamberlain, Company A : first lieutenant, Benjamin Killam, Company A, first lieutenant, John F. Wall, Company A: second lieutenant, Charles A. Willard, Company A; captain, Charles H. Morgan. Company B; first lieutenant, Benjamin W. Jackson; Company C; captain, Howard S. Lovejoy, Company D; first lieutenant, Geo. W. Hicks, Company D; first lieutenant, John T. Ogden, Company D; first lieutenant, Frederick Thompson, Company E; captain, Edward A. Abbott, Company F; first lieutenant, Chas. P. Conant, Company F; captain, Henry M. Haven, Company G; captain, Henry G. H0od, Company G; captain, Waltis J. Woodward, Company G; captain, Leander H. Lane, Company I ; captain, Abraham A. Hunter, Company K. In battles of Carnifaf Ferry, West Virginia, September 10, 1861 ; South Mountain, Maryland, September 14, 1862; Antietam, Maryland, September 17, 1862 ; Cloyds Mountain, Virginia, May 9, 1864 ; New River Bridge, Virginia, May a), 1864; Lexington, West Virginia, June 10-11, 1864; Otter Creek, Virginia, June 16, 1864; Bufords Gap, Virginia, June 21, 1864; Berryville, Virginia, September 3-4, 1864; Opequan, Virginia, September 19, 1864; Cedar Creek, Virginia, October 19, 1864 ; and eight other important battles. Company A, Captain Clark, was a Cleveland company; Company D, Captain Lovejoy, was largely, and Company I, Captain Lane, was about half recruited at Cleveland; and in all, the regiment had three hundred and forty-one men from Cleveland. This regiment may be characterized as the "Charging Regiment." It is believed that no regiment in the army, or very few, made more charges with the bayonet. This was largely due to its whilom old commander, Rutherford B. Hayes, afterward president of United States, whose favorite maneuver was the charge. At the great battle of Cedar Creek, after his horse had been shot under him and he was suffering from his fall, General Hayes asked, with spirit, why our troops did not charge them instead of waiting for them to charge us. At the battle of Opequan, they charged and helped capture ; at North Mountain, they charged and captured eight battle flags; at Winchester, they charged and lost one hundred and fifty-three men, ten of whom were commissioned officers; at Cloyd Mountain, they charged and captured two field pieces of artillery ; at South Mountain, they charged and lost five officers and two hundred men ; at two other places, they charged and lost two commissioned officers in each. The regiment lost so heavily that it seemed as though its commanders gave it breathing spells purposely during the last of 1863 and first part of 1864; but its arduous service in marching here and there during time gave them little rest. One day they drank their morning coffee in Pennsylvania, their dinner coffee in Maryland, and their evening coffee in Virginia; and another portion of nine days they spent in marching one hundred and eighty miles with half a dozen skirmishes interspersed, with nothing to eat and in a state of utter exhaustion. Does not this regiment need special mention ? Another remarkable thing about this regiment is the number of prominent men it furnished the country; two presidents of the United States (R. B. Hayes and Wm. McKinley), one supreme judge of the United States, Stanley Matthews, and five generals to the Union army : James M. Comly, Russell Hastings, R. B. Hayes, E. P. Scammon and Wm. S. Rosecrans. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 321 It was one of the most famous regiments of the war, and deserved all the fame it has acquired. THIRTY-SEVENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.- 152 Cleveland men. Colonel Edward Siber ; major, Charles Ankele; surgeon, Julius C. Schenck ; assistant surgeon, A. W. Billhardt ; captain, Louis F. Enedenfeld, Company A ; second lieutenant, C. Hambrock, Company A; second lieutenant, Christian Pfahl, Company A; second lieutenant, H. J. Votteler, Company A; captain, Chas. Moritz, Company B ; second lieutenant, F. Ambrosius, Company B ; captain, Theodore Voges, Company D; captain, Fred H. Rehwinkle, Company E; captain, Adolph C. Van Kissinger, Company E; captain, Paul Wittrich, Company E; second lieutenant, Julius Scheldt, Company E; captain, Geo. Boehm, Company F; captain Louis Sebastian, Company F; captain, Anton Vallendar, Company F; first lieutenant, H. Burkhardt, Company F; first lieutenant, Arthur Stoppel, Coln, pany F; captain, Louis E. Lambert, Company G; captain, Charles Messner, Company H ; first lieutenant, Louis Ritter, Company H ; first lieutenant, John H. Frerichs, Company I. Battles : Princeton, West Virginia ; Fayetteville ; Vicksburg ; Missionary Ridge; Dallas ; Atlanta (3) ; Bentonville, North Carolina ; Wyoming C. H.; Cotton Hill; Jackson ; Resaca; Kenesaw Mountain (2) ; Jonesboro. The Thirty-seventh Ohio Infantry was a German regiment, well officered, performing severe and serious duty, in the Kanawha valley, Virginia, and in widely diverse localities. A glance at the engagements in which it took part shows the honorable part it took. The Thirty-seventh was one of three German regiments raised in the state; all made good records, none better than this command. FORTY-FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 407 Cleveland men—Colonel, Ephraim S. Holloway ; lieutenant colonel, George S. Mygatt ; lieutenant, John J. Wiseman ; surgeon, Thomas G. Cleveland ; surgeon, Albert G. Harb ; adjutant, Geo. J. A. Thompson ; quartermaster, Walter Blythe ; quartermaster, W. S. Chamberlain ; chaplain, Osman A. Lyman ; second lieutenant, Charles W. Hills, Company A ; first lieutenant, Wm. E. Booth, Company B ; captain, James H. Cole, Company D; captain, Harvey E. Proctor, Company D; first lieutenant, Charles Hammond, Company D; second lieutenant, George C. Dodge, Company D; captain, Frank E. Stone, Company E; first lieutenant, Truman C. Cutler, Company E; first lieutenant, Harry W. Jones, Company E; second lieutenant, Fred A. McKay, Company E; captain, Daniel S. Leslie, Company F; first lieutenant, P. A. Beardsley, Company F; captain, Robert A. Gault, Company G; first lieutenant, Lloyd Fisher, Company G; first lieutenant, Peter Heriff, Company G; captain, William J. Morgan, Company H ; first lieutenant, Albert Whittlesey, Company H ; captain, James McMahon, Company I ; captain, William Hausard, Company K; first lieutenant, Charles D. Gaylord, Company K; second lieutenant, Henry Coon, Company K. 322 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Battles : Shiloh, Woodbury, Chickamauga, Chattanooga, Missionary Ridge, Resaca, Cassville, Picketts Mills ; Chattahoochee River, Lovejoy Station, Nashville, Stone River, Liberty Gap, Browns Ferry, Orchard Knob, Rocky Face Ridge, Adairsville, Dallas, Kenesaw Mountain, Atlanta, Franklin. This regiment was formed by a spontaneous movement of Cleveland men soon after the first battle of Bull Run. Captain Wm. B. Hazen of the regular army was made its colonel, and soon became a prominent general of the war. The officers of the regiment contained an unusual number of prominent Clevelanders. It would be hard to find any regiment put into more severe and frequent places of peril in the thick of battle, and therefore places of honor. It suffered severely, especially at Stone River, and Pittsburg Landing and Chickamauga. Out of 373 men at Shiloh, 141 were killed or wounded m half an hour. Wherever heavy fighting was going on, there was General Hazen and the Forty-first Ohio. When "The Rock of Chickamauga," General Thomas was still fighting alone, General Hazen took his brigade to General Thomas in time to help repulse the last rebel charge at that exposed place. ONE HUNDRED AND THIRD OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 461 Cleveland men— Colonel, Philip C. Hayes ; lieutenant colonel, H. S. Pickands ; lieutenant colonel, James F. Sterling; assistant surgeon, George 0. Butler; adjutant, Gilbert S. Judd ; adjutant, John S. White ; chaplain, George A. Hubbard ; captain, Norris P. Stockwell, Company A; captain, Isaac C. Vail, Company A; first lieutenant, James Allen, Company A; second lieutenant, J. M. McWilliams, Company A; captain, Wm. W. Hutchinson, Company B ; captain, Franklin B. Smith, Company B ; captain, Albert H. Spencer, Company B ; captain and assistant adjutant general, Sherwood H. Stilson, Company B ; first lieutenant, Hermes Burt, Company B ; first lieutenant, Corwin M. Holt, Company B ; captain, John L. Semple, Company C ; captain, Francis M. Thomas, Company C ; first lieutenant, Joseph P. Card, Company C; first lieutenant, Ed B. Reyn0lds, Company C; captain, Charles E. Morgan, Company D ; captain, John T. Philpot, Company D ; first lieutenant, Henry C. Bacon, Company D ; first lieutenant, H. D. Dickey, Company D ; first lieutenant, L. J. Neville, Company D ; second lieutenant, W. M. Sturtevant, Company D ; captain, Charles E. Sargent, Company E ; captain, Levi T. Scofield, Company E; first lieutenant, John E. Vought, Company E; first lieutenant, Constantine Eddy, Company F; captain, Lewis S. Dilley, Company G; captain, Moses L. M. Piexotto, Company G; first lieutenant, William Hall, Company G; second lieutenant, Henry C. Seymour, Company G; captain, Charles D. Rh0des, Company H ; first lieutenant, Michael Duncan, Company H ; first lieutenant, DeWitt C. Hotchkiss, Company H. Battles : Blue Springs, Tennessee, October 5, 1863 ; Knoxville, Tennessee, November 17-December 4, 1863 ; Dandridge, Tennessee, January 16-18, 1864 ; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864 ; Kenesaw Mountain, Georgia, June 9-30, 1864 ; Atlanta, Georgia, July 28 to September 2, 1864; Spring Hill, Tennessee, November 29, 1864. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 323 All honor to the brave men who first, in T861, entered the Union army to defend the Union and maintain the honor of "The Stars and Stripes," risking life, if need be, in the struggle. But the men who went out in '62 and '63 could count the cost, and then knowing that "war was hell" went out nevertheless into the face of all this danger and toil and suffering. The experienced soldier knows that any regiment which buffeted a soldier's fate in Kentucky, the Cumberland river, Monticello, Kirby Smith, the Cumberland mountains, and then Knoxville, with its siege and starvation, was serving faithfully. And when he sees the One Hundred and Third Ohio charging Reseca on May 14, 1864, and carrying the enemy's two lines, and losing one third of its effective force including two captains, he knows that the whole regiment—effective, and disabled and dead— is covered over with heroic glory. This regiment has hosts of friends in Cleveland and a large sprinkling of surviving soldiers. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-FOURTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 567 Cleveland men—Colonel, Oliver H. Payne ; lieutenant colonel, James Pickands ; major, James B. Hampson; surgeon, Dewitt C. Patterson ; adjutant, Charles D. Hammer; adjutant, Charles E. Warren ; quartermaster, Albert H. Lewis ; quartermaster, Wm. Treat ; chaplain, Seth D. Bowker ; captain, Haskell F. Proctor, Company A; captain, William Wilson, Company A; first lieutenant, A. C. Caskey, Company A; second lieutenant, Geo. Doubleday, Company A; captain, John B. Irwin, Company C; captain, Jas. T. McGinness, Company C; captain, Daniel Stratton, Company C; captain, Robert Wallace, Company C; first lieutenant, Sam D. Payne, Company C; second lieutenant, John P. Lamb, Company C; second lieutenant, John O'Brien, Company C; captain, Cleveland Van Dorn, Company D; captain, John W. Bullock, Company E; first lieutenant, Thos. J. Carran, Company E; first lieutenant, T. A. Dempsey, Company E; captain Horace E. Dakin, Company F; captain, Sherburn B. Eaton, Company F ; captain, John C. Smith, Company F ; first lieutenant, A. J. Moulton, Company F; first lieutenant, John S. Nimmons, Company F; second lieutenant, Oliver P. Mcllrath, Company F; captain, Wm. A. Powell, Company G; first lieutenant, James Brennan, Company G; captain, John Stevens, Company H ;. captain, Samuel P. Fulton, Company I ; first lieutenant, Charles E. Wyman, Company I; captain, Wm. R. Waldo, Company K; first lieutenant, Alfred Wilson, Company K; second lieutenant, F. Hagendobler, Company K. Battles engaged in: Thompsons Station, Tennessee, March 4-5, 1863 ; Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-2o, 1863 ; Lookout Mountain, Tennessee, November 24, 1863 ; Missionary Ridge, Tennessee, November 25, 1863 ; Rocky Face Ridge, Georgia, May 5-9, 1864; Resaca, Georgia, May 13-16, 1864; Picketts Mills, Georgia, May 27, 1864; Browns Ferry, Tennessee, October 27, 1864; Nashville, Tennessee, December 15-16, 1864. This regiment raised in the fall and early winter of 1862, knew full well in volunteering that it undertook to toil and suffer with scanty rations and shoddy clothing, and to obey orders whether given by competent or incompetent officers, and perhaps to give up their lives ; yet they went. Who shall be so bold as to discriminate against any regiment or any man who undertook all this, at any time from 1861 to 1865, both inclusive, with such an official list of battles to their credit. The best soldiers never criticize other commands. Citizens are more given to it. 324 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Southern citizens, especially, reveled in revilings of Yankee soldiers in 1865, while the soldiers of the Confederacy were fraternizing with the soldiers of the Union. The regiment lost one hundred and forty men at Chickamauga including Colonel Payne wounded ; glory enough for any one regiment. But this regiment won honors on Missionary Ridge, when it partook of the voluntary enthusiasm kindled by Phil Sheridan, and without orders captured the ridge. The One Hundred and Twenty-fourth Ohio captured seven pieces of artillery and eighty stands of arms. ONE HUNDRED AND TWENTY-EIGHTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 291 Cleveland men—Lieutenant colonel, Edward A. Scovill ; lieutenant colonel, Thomas H. Linnell ; major, Junius R. Sanford ; assistant surgeon, Porter Yates ; quartermaster, Charles C. Starr ; captain, Orlin S. Hayes, Company A; second lieutenant, Edward E. Young, Company B ; first lieutenant, Eugene 0. Mitchell, Company C; captain, Leroy W. Bailey, Company D; second lieutenant, George Hutchins0n, Company D; captain, Henry A. Smith, Company E; second lieutenant, Lewis R. Ranney, Company E; captain, Alf red N. Mead, Company F; first lieutenant, John M. Harrington, Company F; second lieutenant, Hobart Corning, C0mpany F; captain, John J. Manor, Company G; second lieutenant, Samuel H. Young, Company H; first lieutenant, Samuel D. Mcllroy, Company I. The "Hoffman Battalion" will be long remembered for its excellence of drill and splendid appearance on duty. Out of this battalion grew this regiment. Its duties were mainly guarding Confederate offrcers, as prisoners, on Johnson's Island. About 3,000 were there in the winter of 1863 and 1864. A plot among Canadian refugees and the prisoners, to free them, was discovered and frustrated in November, 1863 and the winter following by reinforcing the guards on Johnson's Island with three or four regiments. Fortune kept this regiment mainly from the front, but still on important service, and it performed that service with efficiency and fidelity. Drill and discipline, which latter means implicit obedience of orders, are the prime qualifications of a good soldier ; and those of the One Hundred and Twenty-eighth had these. ONE HUNDRED AND FIFTIETH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 801 Cleveland men —Lieutenant colonel, John N. Frazee; major, J. Dwight Palmer ; surgeon, James W. Smith ; assistant surgeon, James F. Armstrong ; assistant surgeon, Charles F. Dutton; adjutant, Thomas Goodwillie; quartermaster, H. M. Chapin; captain, Wm. R. Nevins, Company B ; first lieutenant, Thomas S. Lindsey, Company B ; sec0nd lieutenant, Henry E. Chubb, Company B ; captain, Louis G. DeForest, Company C ; first lieutenant, Marcus A. Hanna, Company C ; second lieutenant, E. B. Thomas, Company C; first lieutenant, Jason Canfield, Company D ; second lieutenant, Geo. W. Whitehead, Company D ; first lieutenant, John G. Parsons, Company E; second lieutenant, Thomas A. Stowe, Company E; first lieutenant, Edwin C. Rouse, Company F ; sec0nd lieutenant, Chas. J. McDowell, Company F; captain, John Nevins, Company G; first lieutenant, John C. Bull, Company G; second lieutenant, Arthur H. Barrett, Company G; captain, Samuel H. Baird, Company H ; first lieutenant, Frank Dutton, Company H ; second lieutenant, Edward Dennison, Company H ; captain, Edwin Farr, Company I; first lieutenant, Jonas F. Rice, Company I; second lieutenant, John G. Fitch, Company I. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 325 This regiment was, made up of veterans, who had already been in service, and such few men as had become old enough to enlist. Although sworn in to serve only one hundred days, they served the important mission of manning the defenses of Washington, relieving many veteran regiments just then earnestly needed by General Grant before Richmond. They took the same oath, binding over life and death, as all others took. With full experience of what it meant, they volunteered again. They were in one battle at Washington against General Early's corps, July Io-I 1, 1864. Was it at Balaklava that an officer turned pale when ordered to charge, a staff officer questioned his courage, and Napoleon replied that that was the highest type of valor—to see your danger and dare to perform your duty. The regiment was in the engagement against General Early's corps, and lost one killed and four wounded. ONE HUNDRED AND SEVENTY-SEVENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY, 399 Cleveland men—Colonel, Arthur T. Wilcox ; lieutenant colonel, W. H. Zimmerman ; major, Ernest J. Krieger ; surgeon, Sylvester S. Burrows ; assistant surgeon, W. A. Bivens; assistant surgeon, Richard Edwards ; adjutant, Geo. B. Huston ; adjutant, Geo. C. Ketchum; quartermaster, J. W. Raymond; chaplain, Henry V. Hitchcock ; captain, Wm. C. Turner, Company A; first lieutenant, Henry J. Virgil, Company A; second lieutenant, A. J. Hamilton, Company A; captain, Isaac N. Rogers, Company B; first lieutenant, Julian H. Gates, Company B; captain, Chas. J. McDowell, Company F; first lieutenant, Henry J. Rice, Company F; second lieutenant, Wilder B. Dow, Company F; captain, Samuel J. Tracey, Company H ; first lieutenant, Edwin W. Poole, Company H ; second lieutenant Balthaser B. Tremelin, Company H ; captain Geo. B. Squire, Company I ; first lieutenant, Theodore B. Wise, Company I ; second lieutenant, Silas H. Kent, Company I. Battles engaged in : Tullahoma (2), Fort Anderson, Cape Fear River, Town Creek. SECOND OHIO CAVALRY, 317 Cleveland men—Colonel, Charles Doubleday; lieutenant colonel, Albert Barnitz ; major, J. M. Collier; major, E. H. Eggleston; surgeon, Alfred Taylor ; quartermaster, Seth A. Abbey ; quartermaster, H. S. Chamberlain ; quartermaster, Gurdin Woodruff; captain, Stephan A. Mason, Company A ; captain, Frederick R. Deming, Company B ; captain, Chauncey Eggleston, Company B; captain, Alonzo B. Millard, Company B; captain, John L. Smith, Company B ; first lieutenant, Charles F. Ingersoll, Company B ; first lieutenant, Benj. F. Lovett, Company B; first lieutenant, Luther M. Tuttle, Company B; second lieutenant, Alex. B. Sessions, Company B ; captain, Chas. D. Rush, Company C; captain, William Smith, Company E; captain, Chas. H. Bill, Company G; captain, John H. Clapp, Company K; captain, Wm. E. Pedrick, Company K ; first lieutenant, Samuel F. Geil, Company K ; first lieutenant, Patrick H. McBride, Company K; second lieutenant, Henry J. Gordon, Company K; captain, T. Reeves Spencer, Company L; first lieutenant, Edmund Ward, Company L ; second lieutenant, Lewis L. Campbell, Company L ; first lieutenant, C. C. Marsh, Company M. Battles engaged in : Independence, Missouri ; Prairie Grove, Arkansas; Blountsville, Tennessee; Knoxville, Tennessee; Beans Station, Tennessee; 326 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Brandy Station, Tennessee; Wilderness, Virginia; Hanover Church H0use, Virginia; Stony Creek, Virginia ; Monticello, Kentucky; L0ndon Bridge, Tennessee, Ream Station, Tennessee ; Winchester, Virginia ; Opequan, Virginia ; Luray Valley, Virginia ; Cedar Creek, Virginia; New Market, Virginia; and eighty other fights. THE SECOND OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY. The Second, Tenth and Twelfth Ohio cavalry regiments rendezvoused at Cleveland. All three did well. But the Second Ohio cavalry was always a favorite in Cleveland, was fortunate in its experiences, and had a record for variety of service and brilliant achievement probably superior to any other cavalry regiment in the Union army. It fought under twenty-three generals, including Custer, Sheridan and Grant. Its horses drank from twenty-five of our largest rivers. It campaigned through thirteen states. It traveled twenty-seven thousand miles ; and it fought in ninety-seven battles. It was at Opequan Creek with Custer, at Cedar Creek with Sheridan, and at Appomattox with Custer, Sheridan and Grant. What further words are necessary ? TENTH OHIO CAVALRY, 55 Cleveland men—Colonel, Thomas W. Sanderson major, Edward M. Hayes ; major, Lyman C. Thayer ; assistant surgeon, Wm. G. Hall; quartermaster, Henry Frissell; first lieutenant, James S. Morgan, Company F; captain, Edwin McGaughy, Company G; second lieutenant, I. G. Northrop, Company H; second lieutenant, Wm. J. Thomas, Company I ; first lieutenant, Charles Saeltzer, Company K; captain, Edwin B. Campbell, Company L. Battles in which engaged: Chickamauga, Georgia, September 19-20, 1863 ; Cosby Creek, Tennessee, January 14, 1864; Trumbull Hill, Georgia, May 2, 1864; Atlanta, Georgia, July 28, 1864; Jonesboro, Georgia, August 19-20, 1864; Sweetwater, Georgia, October 1-3, 1864; Aiken, South Carolina, February 11, 1865; Averysboro, North Carolina, March 16-20, 1865, and three others. General Kilpatrick frequently said of this regiment, "The Tenth Ohio cavalry was the best charging regiment I had under my command." (1) TWELFTH OHIO CAVALRY, 75 Cleveland men-Lieutenant colonel, John F. Herrick ; captain, Archibald H. Thomsen, Company D; second lieutenant, William Humlong, Company E; captain, Frank H. Mason, Company L. Battles in which engaged: Mt. Sterling, Kentucky, June 9, 1864; Cynthiana, Kentucky, June 12, 1864; Saltville, Virginia, October 2, 1864; Abingdon, Virginia, December 15, 1864; Wytheville, Virginia, December 16, 1864; Marion, Virginia, December 17-18, 1864; Saltville (2), Virginia, December 20, 1864; (captured Salt Banks) ; Salisbury, North Car0lina, April 12, 1865; and sixteen other engagements. Ohio in the War, volume 2, 824, says : "In this engagement (Marion, Virginia) all of the Twelfth bearing sabers participated in a grand. charge, driving back the enemy's cavalry. The regiment behaved gallantly throughout the fight, and received the praises of Generals Stoneman and Burbridge." 1 - "Ohio in the War," Vol. 2, p. 817. HISTORY OF, CLEVELAND - 327 CHAPTER XXXIV. THE CIVIL WAR. CLEVELAND OFFICERS OF OTHER REGIMENTS. By Col. J. F. Herrick. In other regiments Cleveland men were found as follows : Sixtieth infantry, 178 Cleveland men ; Sixty-fifth infantry, to3 Cleveland men; Sixty-seventh infantry, 212 Cleveland men ; One Hundred and Seventh infantry, 291 Cleveland men; Sixth cavalry, 268 Cleveland men. Fourteen special notices of our regiments which seemed most to belong to Cleveland, together with the list of their battles in which their honors and deaths and misfortunes seemed curiously to mingle, have been given. Space forbids our extending this list. Eighty more regiments are mentioned here in which Cleveland officers made honorable records, and called down on themselves the praises and thanks and rewards of heroes and patriots. In these special notices, we do not intend to imply that other regiments, many of them, have done less. We have selected those having most interest for the Cleveland public, most men, or seeming most to demand it. The One Hundredth and Seventh, Sixty-fifth, Sixty-seventh, Forty-second (President Garfield's regiment), and Sixth Cavalry, are now recalled as entitled to all the honors of any regiment in the Union army. Heroism is shown in small commands as well as famous ones, and in small engagements as well as large ones. Honor to all these heroes! Indulgence is craved for errors we have doubtless made. Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Captain, William Kinney. Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Captain, James K. O'Reilly. Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, William Delaney. Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, Thomas F. Galwey. Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Second Lieutenant, John Lantry. Seventeenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Henry J. Herrick. Eighteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, John Ireland. Nineteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Quartermaster, Jabez W. Fitch. Twentieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Colonel, Charles Whittlesey. Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. H—Captain, Jacob Diehl. Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. H—First Lieutenant, August Drarger. Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—Second Lieutenant, Henry Williams. Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Louis G. Meyer. Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—Second Lieutenant, Alfred A. Lamkin. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Frank Lynch. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Z. S. Spaulding. 328 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. A—Major, Chas. H. Smith. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. A—First Lieutenant, Henry W. Diebolt. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Captain, Edward A. Webb. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—Captain, Heber R. Worth. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Orin B. Gould. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—First Lieutenant, Edward Gibson. Twenty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. H—First Lieutenant, M. F. Madigan. Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Thomas Clark. Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Jason R. Arter. Thirty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Assistant Surgeon, Royal W. Varney. Thirty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Captain, Ellsworth W. Libbey. Thirty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Assistant Surgeon, John Dickenson. Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—First Lieutenant, John F. Flynn (President Garfield's regiment). Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Edward B. Campbell. Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Charles P. Jewett. Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—First Lieutenant, James G. Henry. Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—First Lieutenant, Calvin Pierce. Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Second Lieutenant, Andrew J. Stone. Forty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. K—Second Lieutenant, A. B. Hubbell. Forty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Assistant Surgeon, J. J. Sheldon. Forty-sixth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—Captain, John J. Carran. Fifty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Joel Morse. Fifty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—Captain, Ira H. Pool. Fifty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—Captain, Peter C. Schneider. Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Adjutant, John F. Cutter. Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. A—Second Lieutenant, Seaman M. Bandon. Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D—Second Lieutenant, Charles Stillman. Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Captain, Henry Richardson. Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—First Lieutenant, Geo. W. Browning. Fifty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Company E—First Lieutenant, Silas W. Potter. Fifty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—First Lieutenant, Charles Stoppel. Fifty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Second Lieutenant, Robert Specht. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 329 Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry-Major, William L. Stearns, (178 Cleveland men). Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry-Major, Henry R. Stevens. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D-Second Lieutenant, Edwin Cress. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Captain, A. G. Quintrell. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E-First Lieutenant, Lorenzo D. Bullard. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—First Lieutenant, Franklm Paine, Jr. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Norman D. Meacham. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G-First Lieutenant, Orlando W. Haynes. Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—Second Lieutenant, W. H. Farrand. Battles-Wilderness, Va., May 5-7, 1864; Spottsylvania, Va., May 8-18, 1864; Cold Harbor, Va., June 1-12, 1864; Petersburg, Va., July 30, 1864; Ream's Station, Va., August 24, 1864; Fort Steadman, Va., March 25, 1865; Fall of Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865 ; and six others. Sixty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D—Captain, John D. Bothwell. Sixty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D—Captain, Edward H. Newcomb. Sixty-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D-First Lieutenant, James Armstrong. Sixty-second Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Augustus C. Barlow. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Horatio N. Whitbeck (103 Cleveland men). Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry-Lieutenant Colonel, Wilbur F. Hinman. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry.-Assistant Surgeon, John C. Gill. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry-Adjutant, Wm. H. Massey. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry-Chaplain, Thomas Powell. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E-Second Lieutenant, Geo. N. Huckins. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F-First Lieutenant, Edward G. Powell. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Joseph H. Willsey. Sixty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. /-Captam, Lucien B. Eaton. Battles-Shiloh, Tenn., April 6-7, 1862; Corinth, Tenn., April 30, 1862; Stone River, Tenn., December 31, 1862-January 2, 1863 ; Chickamauga, Ga., September 19-20, 1863 ; Mission Ridge, Tenn., November 25, 1863 ; Resaca, Ga., May 13-16, 1864; Kenesaw Mountain, Ga., June 9-30, 1864; Atlanta, Ga., July 28 to September 2, 1864; Nashville, Tenn., December 15-16, 1864; and nine others. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry-(212 Cleveland men)-Captain and Quartermaster, Grove L. Heaton. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Adjutant, Rodney J. Hathaway. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. C-Captain and Brevet Lieutenant Colonel, Geo. L. Childs. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. C-Second Lieutenant, James E. Bruce. 330 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F-Captain, George Emerson. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Alfred P. Girty. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Valentine Heckman. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—First Lieutenant, Oscar E. Nicholas. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. H—Captain, John B. Spafford. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. H—Captain, Charles L. Stevens. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. H—First Lieutenant, Charles E. Minor. Sixty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. K-Captain, Sidney G. Brock. Battles-Winchester, Va., March 23, 1862; Front Royal, Va., May 30, 1862; Fort Wagner, S. C., July 10-September 6, 1863 ; Bermuda Hundred, Va., May 16-30, 1864; Petersburg, Va., June 15, 1864; Petersburg, Va., April 2, 1865; Appomattox, Va., April 88-9, 1865; and eleven others. Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, John J. Wiseman. Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Adjutant, Frank H. Hinman. Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D—First Lieutenant, Eli Ely. Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—First Lieutenant, Virgil C. Taylor. Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E-Second Lieutenant, Henry T. Nash. Eighty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—First Lieutenant, Christopher Keary. Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Assistant Surgeon, M. L. Brooks, Jr. One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Colonel, Oscar W. Sterl. One Hundred and Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—Captain, Daniel M. Stearns. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Major, George Arnold. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Major, Fernando C. Suhrer. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Chas A. Hartmann. One hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Adjutant, Wm., H. Steiner. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry-First Lieutenant and Quartermaster, Daniel Umbstaetter. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. A—Captain, Otto Weber. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Captam, August J. Dewaldt. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Captain, Anton Mielert. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, Gerhard H. Albers. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 331 One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, Wm. H. Bowers. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, Conrad Deubel. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, Christian S. Schreiner. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, Julius J. Sebastian. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Second Lieutenant, John Mohr. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Captain, John M. Lutz. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Captain, John Schrink. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—First Lieutenant, John I. Houck. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Second Lieutenant, John Peterson. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—Captain, William Koch. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, John H. Brinker. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Anton Peterson. One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, Peter F. Young. Battles—One Hundred and Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, 291 Cleveland men— Chancellorsville, Va., May 1-4, 1863; Gettysburg, Pa., July 1-3, 1863; Hagerstown, Md., July II, 1863; Johns Island, S. C., July 5-7, 1864; Dev' eaux Neck, S. C., Dec. 6-9-29, 1864; Enterprise, Fla., Feb. 5, 1865; Sumterville, S. C. March 23, 1865; Swift Creek, S. C., April 19, 1865. One Hundred and Thirteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—Captain, Nathan Strauss. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Major, George L. Wood. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Henry McHenry. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Assistant Surgeon, Porter Yates. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. H—Second Lieutenant, Charles Leimbach. One Hundred and Twenty-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—Captain, Wm. W. Cushing. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, George L. Hayward. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, James W. Smith. 332 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Surgeon, Gustave C. E. Weber. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Assistant Surgeon, John Campbell. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Adjutant, Horace B. Steele. One Hundred and Twenty-ninth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Chaplain, Geo. R. Bowman. One Hundred and Eighty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Mervin Clark. One Hundred and Eighty-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Llewellyn R. Davis. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B-Captain, John H. McGrath. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, George E. Sauger. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—Second Lieutenant, Ransom D. Burton. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Captain, Alex McIntosh. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—First Lieutenant, William Pickett. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. E—Second Lieutenant, Chas. W. Baxter. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Captain, John F. Kennedy. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—First Lieutenant, Andrew W. Duty. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—First Lieutenant, George W. Voice. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G—Second Lieutenant, Sidney F. Sinclair. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. G–Second Lieutenant, John P. Zenner. One Hundred and Eighty-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I —Second Lieutenant, John H. Hoffman. One Hundred and Ninety-first Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Colonel, Robert L. Kimberly. One Hundred and Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—Captain, Charles W. Russell. One Hundred and Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I—First Lieutenant, John A. Shaffer. One Hundred and Ninety-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. I-Second Lieutenant, A. M. Hotelling. . One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—Captain, William Sims. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 333 One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—First Lieutenant, E. K. Hanscomb. One Hundred and Ninety-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—Second Lieutenant, Frank H. Burnham. One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Quartermaster, Charles H. Babcock. One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. K—Captain, Edward Vaillant. One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. K—First Lieutenant, George A. Ball. One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. K—Second Lieutenant, Andrew J. Hering. One Hundred and Ninety-sixth, Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Eben S. Coe. One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Lieutenant Colonel, Gershom M. Barber. One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Assistant Surgeon, George W. Pease. One Hundred and Ninety-seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. F—First Lieutenant, Harry W. Jones. One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. B—First Lieutenant, A. J. Raynor. One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D—Captain, Perry Pretitiss. One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D—First Lieutenant, Ed J. Woodward. One Hundred and Ninety-eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, Co. D—Second Lieutenant, J. D. W. Mandeville. Sharpshooter—Captain, Gershom M. Barber. Sharpshooter—First Lieutenant, Jonathan Rickard. Sharpshooter—First Lieutenant, Franklin H. Somers. Sharpshooter—First Lieutenant, William N. Watson. Sharpshooter—Second Lieutenant, William C. Lemon. Fifteenth United States—Captain, Roman H. Gray. Eighteenth United States—Captain, David L. Wood. Fifth United States, Co. C—Captain, Gustave W. Fahrion. Fifth United States, Co. 1—Captain, Frank J. Ford. Twenty-seventh Regiment—First Lieutenant, A. G. Jones. Twenty-seventh Regiment, Co. D—Captain, Frederick J. Bartlett. Forty-eighth Regiment—Assistant Surgeon, John W. Hughes. One Hundred and Eighth Regiment, Co. H—Captain, John C. Cowin. One Hundred and Second New York—Adjutant, John W. Francisco. First Virginia, Co. I—Lieutenant, John Garvey. Third Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. D—First Lieutenant, Thomas A. O'Rourke. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry (268 Cleveland men)—Major, Reuben E. Osgood. 334 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry—Surgeon, Wm. B. Resner. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. B—Second Lieutenant, James E. Darwent. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. C—Captain, James H. Leeman. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. D—First Lieutenant, Wm. H. Kneal. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. F—Captain, Wm. L. Thomas. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. F—First Lieutenant, G. W. Milliken. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. I—First Lieutenant, Elias Shepherd. Sixth Ohio Volunteer Cavalry, Co. K—Captain, John E. Wyatt. Battles—Woodstock, Va., June 2, 1862; Luray C. H., Va., July 12, 1862 ; Bull Run, Va., August 29-3o, 1862; Gettysburg, Pa., July 1-4, 1863; Falling Water, Md., July 14, 1863; Sulphur Springs, Va., October 12, 1863 ; Cold Harbor, Va., May 31, 1864; Hatchers Run, Va., February 5-7, 1865; Five Forks, Va., April i, 1865; Appomattox, Va., April 9, 1865; and forty-one others. Seventh Ohio Volunteer Cavalry—Lieutenant Colonel, George G. Minor. Sixth United States Cavalry—First Lieutenant, Tullius C. Tupper. Third New York Cavalry, Co. K—Captain, A. L. Knauff. NAVY. Captain, Nathaniel Glacier; master, Phillip Alleman; acting master, Edward Alford ; acting master, H. D. Coffinbury; assistant paymaster, H. M. Hanna; acting master mate, Thomas E. Quale; ensign, Thomas West. STAFF OFFICERS. Brigadier General S. H. Devereaux, superintendent military railroads ; Brevet Brigadier General J. J. Elwell, A. Q. M.; Brevet Brigadier General Anson Stager, A. Q. M. and superintendent military telegraph; Colonel Calvin Goddard, A. A. G.; Lieutenant Colonel John Dolman, paymaster ; Major Fayette Brown, paymaster ; Major John Coon, paymaster; Major A. G. Hart, surgeon; Major Frank H. Hinman, paymaster ; Major Horace A. Hutchins, paymaster; Major Rufus C. McConnell, paymaster ; Major Rufus C. Spalding, paymaster; Major W..M. Prentice, surgeon; Captain J. H. Clark, A. C. G.; Captain A. H. Comstock, A. Q. M.; Captain David A. Dangler, A. Q. M.; Captain Simon Perkins, A. Q. M.; Captain Basil L. Spangler, A. Q. M ; Captain Sherwood H. Stilson, A. A. G.; Captain Randall P. Wade, A. Q. M.; Major William W. Armstrong, war secretary of state. MILITARY COMMITTEES. Governor Tod, early in 1863, appointed military committees in each county to superintend enlistments and recruiting. These consisted of influential, patriotic men in each county, and served without pay. The Cuyahoga county military committee consisted of W. B. Castle, chairman ; William Bingham, E. Hessenmueller, Stillman Witt, William Edwards, Felix Nicola, Colonel George B. Senter, M. Barlow, secretary, William F. Carey. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 335 CAMPS. During the war there were four camps at Cleveland : Camp Cleveland, Camp Taylor, Camp Wade, Camp Wood. The following regiments and batteries rendezvoused at these camps : Seventh O. V. I. ; Eighth O. V. I.; Nineteenth O. V. I., Twenty-first O. V. I. ; Thirty- seventh O. V. I., Forty-first O. V. I., Eighty-sixth 0. V. I., One Hundred and Third O. V. I., One Hundred and Fifth O. V. I., One Hundred and Seventh O. V. I., One Hundred and Twenty-fourth O. V. I., One Hundred and Twenty-fifth O. V. I., One Hundred and Twenty-eighth O. V. I., One Hundred and Twenty- ninth O. V. I., One Hundred and Fiftieth O. V. I., One Hundred and Sixty-fourth O V. I., One Hundred and Sixty-sixth O. V. I., One Hundred and Sixty-ninth O. V. I., One Hundred and Seventy-seventh O. V. I., Second Ohio volunteer cavalry, Tenth Ohio volunteer cavalry; Twelfth Ohio volunteer cavalry, First light artillery, Ninth Indiana battery, Fourteenth Indiana battery, Nineteenth Indiana battery, Twentieth Indiana battery. A total of twenty-seven regiments and batteries. Of two million, eight hundred thousand Union soldiers, three hundred thousand were killed or died of wounds, one hundred and seventy-five thousand died in prisons ; five hundred thousand were maimed and diseased, nine hundred and seventy-five thousand total casualties. These casualties reach a few more than one in three. In Cuyahoga county three thousand, four hundred casualties, in Cleveland, about one thousand, nine hundred and fifty casualties, in Cuyahoga county, killed, died of wounds and in prisons, one thousand, seven hundred ; crippled and disabled for life, two thousand. CHAPTER XXXV. THE CIVIL WAR—THE LADIES' AID SOCIETY OF CLEVELAND. By Col. J. F. Herrick. We come here to a pleasant duty. The story of this society is one of the brightest and most cheering pages of history. If there be those who hesitate to praise too much and therefore never praise at all—if there be those who advise conservatism and especial care in speaking kind words, or even of the living, we do not agree with them. The sorrows of life need the perfume of a flower, a little ointment, a kind word during life instead of filling the alabaster box full for the funeral rites. From every point of view, praise and praise only is due the Ladies' Aid Society of Cleveland. This society was voluntarily organized April 20, 1861, five days after the first call for volunteers, and it increased its work, doubled and trebled its usefulness and kept it up until after the war was over and every wounded and sick soldier was comfortable or returned to his home. It disbursed nearly a million dollars in bedding and clothing, hospital furniture and surgeons' supplies, diet and delicacies, and never was tainted with graft. Its accounts were audited, and not a 336 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND dollar was found wanting. Men in great numbers stood ready to help.them and many did in outside work, but the aid society was wholly governed, managed and rendered thus efficient by the ladies alone. Handling nine hundred and eighty- two thousand, four hundred and eighty-one dollars and twenty-five cents in money and property, in gross, no salaries were paid anybody; but every lady in it, whether officer or modest assistant, served all the time voluntarily, gratuitously and without pay, and the sum handled in gross was the exact amount net disbursed. In October, 1861, it became a branch of the United States Sanitary commission. It closed its accounts in 1865 without defalcation or peculation, without a word of complaint but only messages of commendation. The society first addressed itself to relieving want and trouble in the desolate homes of soldiers who had, perhaps too hurriedly, left for the field, leaving sickness here, actual want there. Interrupted in this by a message from, Camp Taylor (already established within these few days) that a thousand volunteers were at that moment marching into camp ; that they were wholly destitute of blankets—the government had not yet had time to furnish anything—the ladies at once hired carriages and started out in twos to visit the wealthy and willing on Euclid avenue and other elegant homes, and by nightfall seven hundred and twenty-nine blankets "delicate rose colored chintz quilts and thick counterpanes" were delivered to the soldiers in camp, and the next morning saw every soldier there well provided for. While still at this work, the novel noise of a fife and drum called the ladies to the windows to see a company of farmer boys marching by toward camp, with no bundles, half clothed, in shirt sleeves or linen dusters. Instinct at once inspired the ladies to scour their own homes for thick clothing which could be spared; the carriages were used again and before night these recruits were made comfortable. Those who received and those who gave were both blessed. These are samples of the work done by The Ladies' Aid Society of Cleveland; during more than four years. Wherever want or wounds or worthy destitution were found, they were all ministered unto to the extent of the aid society's re" sources. Money was needed; they raised it themSelves and called into existence a corps of honorary members, who contributed from five dollars to one hundred dollars for the honor of membership in such a noble society. Not content with Cleveland's resources, the society established branch aid societies in nearly every township, village and city of northern Ohio ; and renamed itself "The Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio." The contagion of branches spread until this latter society included large parts of Erie and Huron counties on the west, Holmes and Harrison counties on the south, and Beaver Falls and Meadville, Pennsylvania, on the east. Who were these ladies doing all this ? They were the mothers and daughters of the best and wealthiest and most aristocratic families of Cleveland. And these were they who were brought into close relations with camp life, visiting the camps and hospitals daily. Now every soldier and sailor knows that his vernacular in camp and always in the service is not the language of polite society, not what he would use if he knew ladies were within hearing. Of course these ladies heard more or less of the profanity and coarseness used in camp. Did it dampen their ardor ? Not for HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 337 a moment. Through all this tinsel they recognized the man and the soldier, and the blessed ladies toiled on. They were wedded to their work, and those who lived here at that time and saw the smiles through every tear, saw the best living exemplification of the adage "It is more blessed to give than to receive." They applied to no court of equity or public opinion or criticism for divorce from the objects of their devotion. Society might well take one lesson on marriage and divorce from this society in gross. Another matter which could have brought them only trouble and anxiety, not all their sanitary supplies ever reached their true destination. Many a delicacy sent to the sick and wounded in hospitals or on the battle scarred field, were diverted, we are sorry to record, to the mess table of many an officer, who "didn't like the ladies dabbling in war," or declared these tidbits of diet of more use to active soldiers than those going home, etc. The devil is said to furnish plenty of excuses for wrongdoing. Many excuses were given, but alas ! many a dainty for the sick was pilfered and appropriated by those who were afterwards ashamed of it. But the ladies who sent them, bless them, they tried to remedy these difficulties, and pressed right forward in raising and making and forwarding more and still more. More details are proper and necessary in a historical sketch, and credit should here be given to the book "Our Acre and Its Harvest," by Mary Clark Brayton and Ellen F. Terry, respectively secretary and treasurer of The Soldiers' Aid Society of Northern Ohio, for the main facts. There are also contemporary histories, and the writer had the advantage of somewhat closely observing the facts here told, of participating in some of them and of a personal acquaintance with most of the members of this society. The reader may also find a summary of these facts and eloquent general comment on the work of this society in Whitelaw Reid's "Ohio in the War," page 256, etc. The question of finances in handling a million dollars worth of property was, of course, a serious one. All this property must be shipped, most of it twice. But the railroads centering in Cleveland were all generous and patriotic, to the extent of carrying stores and packages for soldiers, gratis. General James Barnett, Amasa Stone and members of the military committee and other citizens were directors in these railroads, and the ladies did not hesitate to apply for their aid. The Cincinnati, Columbus & Cleveland, Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, Cleveland & Pittsburg, Cleveland & Toledo, Pennylvania Central, Louisville & Nashville. Chicago & Alton, Little Miami, Cincinnati & Lexington, Ilinois Central and others, the express companies half rates or free, and the Western Union Telegraph Company charged the society nothing for their service. The Baltimore & Ohio at half price courteously accommodated these ladies to every, point. The society was almost constantly carrying on concerts, balls, lectures, amateur theatricals, tableaux, and many other schemes for raising money. Its climax was the big Sanitary Fair, February 22, 1864, for sixteen days, in a building erected in the center of the Public Square, which netted the society seventy-eight thou- 338 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND sand dollars. This building was described as : "In form of a Greek cross, the four arms being respectively a bazaar, bright and bewildering in its gay ornamentation and profusion of costly ingenious, fanciful and useful wares ; a mechanic's or power hall, filled with inventions of machinery or fabrics of their manufacture; a vast dining hall, where scores of pretty girls, in bewitching cap and coquettish apron, served their visitors to a feast of fat things ; a grand audience room, with seats for three thousand persons, where evening entertainments of varied character were given." The central building, connecting all these, was an octogon, seventy-six feet in diameter and rising in a dome, was the crowning attraction of the fair—"a marvel of taste and skill." This venture furnished sufficient funds to last the balance of the war. But another source of revenue before this fair was to be found in the patriotic generosity of the citizens. If by any hint or observation, the men found money needed in an emergency, there were a thousand men of means in the city who came forward with yclept loans or anonymous notes with the required funds enclosed. It is not too much to record, that after this wonderful charity was fully organized, the ladies of it, while sustaining all efforts of their own, felt little anxiety for the future as to any failure. In all, this society organized five hundred and twenty-five branches in eighteen counties of Ohio, a few in Pennsylvania and Michigan, with large memberships in all these towns. The membership in Cleveland was very large, and every member of all these may feel proud of their share in it. They were all laying up treasures in heaven, and we hear their children now boasting of these memberships. Its organization consisted only of paying a membership fee and twenty-five cents monthly and a verbal pledge to work while the war should last. Nothing else held the society together, but its cohesion and harmony were perfect. Many of its officers visited Washington, Chattanooga, Louisville, Nashville and many battlefields to observe what the actual needs were, and these excursions were made at their private expense. No traveling expenses were ever paid by the society. A Soldier's home was erected near the Union depot, where many soldiers found entertainment and returning regiments, met substantial greetings. It served one hundred and twelve thousand meals, gave thirty thousand lodgings, and its register showed fifty-six thousand, six hundred and forty-five names. The list of articles sent to the front is too long to give. Under the heads of bedding and clothing, hospital furniture and surgeons' supplies (the larger list) articles of diet and delicacies, and miscellaneous, three hundred and seventy-two articles are enumerated and the number of each. They established and maintained a commodious military hospital near the Union depot in which "nearly one thousand men had been fed, lodged, clothed and attended, and these society ladies gave a Christmas dinner to all the sick and convalescents in the hospital, including the smallpox and erysipelas wards, serving all with their own hands, and then served "more than eight hundred of the guard" and then all the paroled prisoners. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 339 The clothing being constantly made and forwarded to hospitals and battlefields when and where needed, made by the needlework of these industrious ladies amounted to immense quantities in the aggregate. To sustain the Ohio State Soldiers' home at Columbus, after completion October 17, 1865, but before an appropriation could be made and paid, the ladies society gave it five thousand dollars. In distributing supplies state lines were ignored; the supplies were sent wherever most surely needed, through ten states or more. At the end of 1862 its stores had reached fifty-seven camps, regimental hospitals and recruiting stations, forty general and post hospitals, eighteen depots of the sanitary commission, besides floating hospitals and store boats. (1) The territory contributory to this Cleveland branch was very limited as compared with other large branches. And yet Whitelaw Reid says of it: (2) "Indeed it may be questioned if, considering its location and opportunities, it was not the first in efficiency in the west. On another account it deserves honorable distinction and a cheerful award of preeminence. It was the first general organization in the United States for the relief of soldiers in this war.* * * For the quick charity of her generous women let Cleveland bear the palm she fairly merits, and Ohio—proud in so many great achievements—be proud also in this." The New York society was organized on April 25, the Cleveland society April 20, 1861. CHAPTER XXXVI. "AFTER THE WAR." By Col. J. F. Herrick. After 1865, time was measured by the war, either "since the war" or "before the war." The country entered upon an unexampled period of prosperity. Veterans of the war enjoyed a rest from their labors and hardships. Generous pensions for disabled soldiers and sailors were very soon paid under pension laws, which in time became service pensions. The expenses of the pension bureau became enormous, red tape of the bureau became expensive and onerous and finally in 1907, a sensible service pension was passed to aid the needy veterans according to his merits and his needs. Grand Army posts arose all over the north, then died down and again revived soon after 1880. The principle of starting and increasing pension laws proved insufficient to cement together in fraternity the various elements of the soldiery. But the "fraternity, charity and loyalty," particularly the fraternal features of the Grand Army of the Republic, did cement together a comradeship, which has proved lasting, although never yet in any locality, has it been possible to unite all veterans in these posts. 1 - Most of the facts and statistics are obtained from Miss Brayton's admirable "History of the Soldiers Aid Society of Northern Ohio." 2 - "Ohio in the War," p. 257. 340 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Cleveland has eight Grand Army of the Republic posts, and Cuyahoga county has five more in the townships. In the city are : CLEVELAND GRAND ARMY OF THE REPUBLIC POSTS. No. 141, Memorial post, 447 members, Colonel W. S. Rodgers, commander; No. 187, Army and Navy post, 120 members, Colonel C. C. Dewstoe, commander; No. 359, Brough post, 35 members, Colonel J. F. Herrick, commander; No. 368, Brooklyn post, 73 members, Colonel Andrew Sausman, commander; No. 399, J. B. Steedman post, 66 members, Colonel Joseph Frazier, commander ; No. 403, Cleveland City post, 40 members, Colonel J. W. Francisco, commander; No. 556, Forest City post, 78 members, Colonel N. A. McClintock, commander; No. 350, Commodore Perry post, 27 members, Colonel Philo S. Beakel, commander ; eight city posts 886. (*) COUNTY POSTS. No. 40, N. L. Norris post, Chagrin Falls, 34 members, Colonel Geo. Henderson, commander; No. 177, Royal Dunham post, Bedford, 31 members, Colonel E. A. Wilcox, commander; No. 8, E. N. Hollowell post (colored), Cleveland, 22 members, Colonel Henry Brock, commander; No. 499, J. B. Hampson post, N. Royalton, 14 members, Colonel W. M. Carter, commander; No. 543, Berea post, Berea, 28 members, Colonel E. M. Reublin, commander. Again, in the post bellum days, must we record the efficiency and military activity of the Cleveland women. The veterans of the war organized Grand Army posts under the motto of "fraternity, charity and loyalty," and soon to each post became attached an auxiliary organization, known as "The Women's Relief Corps." With the same motto, fraternity was supported by the fast departing veterans, charity became the specialty of the corps, and loyalty was maintained by both. The women's corps took charge of all the beautiful charities in the repective jurisdiction of each, tenderly caring for the dying veteran, his widow and orphans. These charities were twice blessed to those who gave; for they learned new lessons of love, they learned how to obtain as well as give, they learned the elevating, educating and moral good in associations organized in the name of charity. So efficient did these corps become, that in many localities the whole of the works of charity were turned over to them. Corps No. 221; Auxiliary to Brough post, in Collinwood, has an especially heroic, efficient and honorable record. The military order of the Loyal legion of the United States has one commandery only in the state. Its headquarters for Ohio are in Cincinnati, but Cleveland has a chapter of about one hundred local members, which hold meetings here as occasion requires, Major F. A. Kendall, of the United States army, rementired, being its permanent secretary. * - These were the officers in 1908. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 341 The soldiers' monument and enclosed memorial room, standing on the southeast corner of the public square, was built in 1893, by the county by taxation, under a law of the general assembly establishing a commission for its erection and maintenance. Major Gleason is president of the commission. The monument was dedicated July 4, 1894, with imposing ceremonies and the following poem was read by Rev. Levi Gilbert, D. D.: "It all comes back—the mother's kiss and sigh, The swearing in, the drill, the last good-bye, The uniform, the arms, accoutrements. The sentry's challenge, bugler's call, the tents, The long, hard tramp, the skirmish, opening round, The hurrying troops, the field guns, quaking ground, The bayonets' gleam, the polished muskets' flash, The sweating horse, the thundering wheels, the crash Of cannon, shrieking grape, the grime, the heat, The brandished swords, the shouts, th' attacks, retreat, The whizzing bullets, bursting bombs, the smoke, The dense brigades, the orders, furious stroke, The flapping flag, the wounded dripping red, The falling, mangled, dying and the dead, The faces ghastly, arms tossed wide, the sob Of dirge, the wail of fife, the drum's deep throb ! O friends, 'twas this they suffered and endured That our sweet liberties might be secured !" The veterans of the Civil war have also a county fund, provided by taxation for the aid of needy old soldiers and their widows, under the charge and custody of three veterans of the county, appointed by the Common Pleas court, and ward and townships committees of three to aid in this work serving without pay. So that Cuyahoga county is remembering and looking after their Civil war heroes. We are proud of it. After all, it was the rank and file of the Union army who mainly won the great victory in 1865. Meantime, the Cleveland Grays erected for themselves in 1893 a commodious armory on Huron road, capable of accommodating five thousand people, used popularly for concerts and so forth. The county erected the Central Armory on Bond and Lake streets for use of the militia and National guard, with a capacity of twelve thousand people, and large enough for two or three companies to drill in at the same time. Full lists of the members of the Ladies' Aid society are found in "Our Acre" by Mary Clark Brayton and Ellen F. Terry, and in Gleason's "History of the Monument." The officers were: president, Mrs. B. Rouse; vice presidents, Mrs. Wm. Melhnich, Mrs. John Shelley, Mrs. Lewis Burton and Mrs. J. A. Harris ; secretary, Miss Mary Clark Brayton; treasurer, Miss Ellen F. Terry. A panel within the memorial room of the Soldier's monument contains ten figures of these patriotic ladies. Looking back since the war, Cleveland lays claim to a large interest in three presidents of the United States, because of their being northern Ohio men and 342 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND identified with Cleveland soldiers. They are Hayes, Garfield and McKinley. President Garfield was born in Cuyahoga county, and the other two on the Western Reserve. President Grant also was born in Ohio, Point Pleasant, Cleremont county, April 27, 1822. The military spirit after the war was dormant, a feeling of satisfaction with the results of the war, but a hope that all wars are forever over. Military display was somewhat distasteful to us. Yet a feeling arose that a more healthful condition of patriotism should be cultivated, to utilize our victory and keep patriotism alive against the possible dangers of the future. Hence schools were turned into part military training drills and instruction under regular army officers. Captain F. A. Kendall (later Major), became the instructor here of Brooks Academy under which splendid results were achieved and a new military impetus imparted. This was early in the '80s. An innovation in gunnery arose after the war, in the Gatling gun, a rapid fire machine gun. A battery was organized here, which is now under the control of the Naval reserve. For the handling of riots and mobs, it seems the most effective weapon we have, and may be used hereafter with light artillery in actual warfare. It took another declaration of war to arouse the military spirit in Cleveland. That came April 21, 1898, against Spain. The old militia law of Ohio, requiring the enrollment of all able bodied men between the ages of eighteen and forty-five, was amended and modernized, to provide for active membership of about ten to fifteen thousand of the militia called the "Ohio National Guard." The latter may include not more than one hundred and two companies of infantry, two batteries of artillery and two troops of cavalry, besides a corps of engineers of four companies and two divisions of naval reserves. The National guard shall be drilled, officered and instructed in the duties of their respective branches of the service—shall be liable to call for military duty by the governor—shall be always mustered in, and while on duty at annual drill shall be paid—officers and men—the same wages as that paid in the United States army. Our regular enrolled militia is our reserve military strength; the Ohio National Guard is our reliance in any sudden emergency ; like mobs, riots, lawlessness, or an invasion by a foreign foe. And under this system they are always ready, drilled in the same tactics, using the same arms and uniforms, under the same pay and allowances. The governor may also accept volunteers ; and during the late Spanish war the national guards were all volunteers organized - into regiments, batteries and companies. Our volunteers from Cleveland in the Spanish war were represented by the officers, found in the list hereinafter given, and represented a little more than a thousand men. This refers to the Cuban war only. Our Cleveland volunteers saw little or no fighting, but the service in marches and camps, drills and learning obedience to orders, were of great value to our government and our national guard. Cleveland also had enlistments for service in the Philippines, in different regiments recruited here, including some officers. But no military organization wholly or mostly from Cleveland was embraced in the Philippine army. HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 343 Since the Cuban war, in 1903 and 1908, congress has passed a very important "National Guard" or organized militia law, applying to all states of the Union. The Ohio National Guard law now substantially applies everywhere. Under this law, a force, liable to variation, but approximately of half a million, constitutes a drilled and armed reserve to the regular army, always ready to respond to order almost as quickly as the regulars. Our regular army seems adequate for daily use, our national guard is sufficient until foreign war is declared and our great volunteer army is mobilized, and then our fears will be lulled. This system is certainly a very great improvement over anything military heretofore obtaining here. Another advance is the provision in this law for instruction in all military branches, in schools and drills, with appropriations of money to secure it. Engineering instruction at encampments all over the country is certainly a step forward, while naval militia instruction, along the lakes, is looking in the direction of a decided need. CHAPTER XXXVII. PRESENT MILITARY ORGANIZATION OF CLEVELAND. By Col. J. F. Herrick. General staff—Governor Harmon : captain, Frederick M. Fanning, corps of engineers, Cleveland, aide de camp; first lieutenant, Otto Miller, Troop A, Cleveland, aide de camp; second lieutenant, Robert L. Queisser, Fifth infantry, Cleveland, aide de camp ; major, Daniel C. Stearns, Cleveland, inspector general Second brigade. Corps of Engineers : Field staff—major, John R. McQuigg, commanding battalion; captain, Stephen A. Stedrousky, adjutant; second lieutenant, Geo. G. Moore, quartermaster and commander. Captains : Wm. E. Price, Company A ; Fred P. Troyan, Company B ; Fred M. Fanning, Company C; Julius A. Stern, Company D; Alfred Jenkins, surgeon. First lieutenants : Roland D. Smith, Company A; Chas. Aulenbacher, Company B ; Fred Van Denberg, Company C; John E. Murray, Company D. Second lieutenants : Frank A. Gosson, Company A ; Adam R. Wachs, Company B ; Geo. A. Esterbrook, Company C; Homer J. Bradshaw, Company D; Organized 1898. Battery A, field artillery. Enrolled, fifty-seven. Captain, Walter E. Eddy; first lieutenant, Ouida A. Kulish; second lieutenant, Frederick T. Mudge; captain, Herbert L. Davis, surgeon. Organized in 1870; has been under command of the following: captain, Louis Smithnight, 187o to 1886; captain, Fred A. Gay, 1886 to 1889; captain, Henry M. Clewell, 1889 to 1891 ; first lieutenant, Theo. F. McConnell, January, 1891 to September, 189r ; captain, Geo. T. McConnell, 1891 to 1899; captain, Julius A. Blasis, 1899 to 19̊8; captain, Walter E. Eddy, 1908 to date. Battalion Ninth Ohio infantry, field and staff ; major, John C. Fulton ; commanding battalion ; first lieutenant, 'Augustus D. Eubanks, adjutant ; captain, Wm. R. Green, Company D; second lieutenant, Harry E. Davis, Company D. 344 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND Fifth Infantry, Ohio National Guard—field staff : colonel, Charles X. Zimmerman, commanding regiment ; major, Charles W. Johnson; major, John S. Windisch ; captain, Chas. W. Mathivet, adjutant; captain, Benona F. Dueron, quartermaster; captain, John C. Semon, I. S. A. P.; first lieutenant, Wm. M. Barrett, battalion adjutant; first lieutenant, Montague W. Montcastle, battalion adjutant; second lieutenant, Frank B. Hollenbach, battalion quartermaster commander; second lieutenant, Robt. F. Mackenzie, Jr., battalion quartermaster commander ; second lieutenant, Robt. L. Queisser, battalion quartermaster commander ; captains : Chas. B. Chisholm, Company C, fifty men; Franke E. Locke, Company F, fifty-five men ; Hubert J. Turney, Company I, sixty-four men ; Arthur S. Houts, Company K, sixty-one men ; first lieutenants : Lloyd F. Beecher, Company C; Frank F. Schweda, Company F; Chas. H. Milton, Company I ; Jacob J. Metzger, Company K; second lieutenants : Robert R. Roedeger, Company C; H. E. Linn, Company F; Aretas E. Biddinger, Company I; Paul J. LaMarche, Company K; captain, John C. Darby, surgeon ; first lieutenant, Wm. C. Gill, assistant surgeon. Naval Brigade, Second Battalion Station, United States Steamship "Hawk," Cleveland. Lieutenant commander, Frank R. Semon, commanding; lieutenant, Clifford B. Haskins, naval officer; lieutenant, Edward W. Briggs, executive officer ; lieutenant sr., Hamilton F. Biggar, surgeon ; ensign, Thos. B. Bolton, signal and assistant naval officer. First division; lieutenant sr., Harry L. Andrus; ensign, Frank G. Warner. Second division: lieutenant sr., Frank N. Sealand. Troop A., Ohio National Guard ; organized October io, 1877, as "First Cleveland Troop," with these officers : captain, Wm. H. Harris ; first lieutenant, Ed. S. Meyer; second lieutenant, Geo. A. Garretson. Commanders since—captains, Geo. A. Garretson, Chas. C. Bolton, Jacob B. Perkins, Russell E. Burdick, Frank E. Bunts, Wm. M. Scofield. Present officers, captain, Wm. M. Scofield ; first lieutenant, Otto Miller ; second lieutenant, Dudley J. Hard; surgeon captain, Frederick C. Herrick. Services rendered, provided officers, commissioned and noncommissioned, for three troops of cavalry in war with Spain ; street car strike in 1899; suppressing nightriders in 1908, in Adams county, Ohio, fifteen days ; has been the escort of every Ohio president : Rutherford B. Hayes, James A. Garfield, William McKinley, Wm. H. Taft; also escort of President Theodore Roosevelt, at President McKinley's funeral, at Secretary Hay's funeral, and at dedication of the McKinley monument at Canton. The Cleveland Grays (1909)—captain, F. M. Hawley ; first lieutenant, F. H. Caunter; second lieutenant, G. B. Scrambling; adjutant, A. P. Shupe, quartermaster, F. H. Roninger ; surgeon, Dr. M. J. Parke; chaplain, Dr. A. B. Meldrum; inspecter R. P., C. H. Burgess ; and seventy-seven members, beside veterans and life honorary members. Cleveland has military officers unassigned: Brigadier General, Geo. A. Garretson, Spanish war ; Brigadier General Clarence R. Edwards, general staff, Washington ; Lieutenant Colonel, Webb C. Hayes ; Mayor, Felix Rosenberg, Cuba ; Captain, Jas. M. Shallenberger, Philippines. The Old Cleveland Light Artillery association, with General James Barnett, president, still (1909) meets each February 22(1, at the Forest City House, is HISTORY OF CLEVELAND - 345 formally saluted by their very old friends "The Cleveland Grays" ofttimes accompanied by other military (Troop A this year) and General Barnett returns this time-honored compliment. CHAPTER XXXVIII. CLEVELAND COMPANIES AND OFFICERS THAT SERVED I N THE SPANISH WAR. By Col. J. F . Herrick. Fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry—Majors, Chas. F. Cramer, Arthur K. A. Liebich; adjutant, Fred B. Dodge ; assistant surgeon, John S. Windisch ; quartermaster, B. F. DuPeron ; battalion adjutants, E. W. Dissette, W. F. Herringshaw ; captain, Jos. C. Beardsley, Company B; first lieutenant, Harry L. Andrus, Company B; second lieutenant, Wm. J. Lawson, Company B ; captain, Daniel H. Pond, Company C; first lieutenant, Burton O. Squirer, Company C; second lieutenant, Jas. E. Wertman, Company C; captain, Chas. X. Zimmerman, Company F; first lieutenant, Hiland B. Wright, Company F; second lieutenant, Daniel Fovargne, Company F; captain, Edwin G. Lane, Company I; first lieutenant, Edward W. Briggs, Company I; second lieutenant, Wm. J. Graham, Company I ; captain, Edward A. Noll, Company K; first lieutenant, Wm. J. DeWitt, Company K; second lieutenant, Ralph A. Tingle, Company K; captain, Walter S. Bauder, Company L; first lieutenant, Claude E. Monck, Company L; second lieutenant, M. Wm. Montcastle, Company L. NINTH BATTALION OHIO NATIONAL GUARD.—Company D: Captain, John C. Fulton ; first lieutenants, Wm. H. Brooks, Emmanuel D. Bass ; second lieutenant, Alfred A. Moore. TENTH OHIO VOLUNTEER INFANTRY.—Major, Otto M. Schade ; assistant surgeon. Jas. J. Erwin ; quartermaster, H. W. Morganthaler. Company A : captain, John R. McQuigg; first lieutenants, Henry P. Shupe, Allan E. Goodhue ; second lieutenants, H. W. Morganthaler, A. E. Goodhue, Chas. B. Rodermont. Company B: captain, Edward N. Ogram; first lieutenant, John H. Caunter ; second lieutenant, David A. Keister. Company C: captain, Henry Frazee ; first lieutenant, Fred M. Fanning; second lieutenant, Perry E. Hathaway. Company I: captains, Clifford W. Fuller ; Geo. H. Gibson; first lieutenants, Geo. H. Gibson, Norris J. Shupe; second lieutenants, Norris J. Shupe, Robert T. Molyneaux, Company K: captain, Edward D. Shurmer ; first lieutenants, Clifford W. Fuller, Ralph T. Hatch; second lieutenants, Ralph T. Hatch, Wm. G. Meade. FIRST BATTALION OHIO VOLUNTEER LIGHT ARTILLERY.—Battery A : captain, George T. McConnell ; first lieutenant, Julius A. Blasis ; second lieutenants, Walter E. Eddy, Arthur L. Schwartz. FIRST OHIO VOLUNTEER CAVALRY.—Major, Webb C. Hayes ; adjutant, Arthur C. Rogers ; surgeon. Frank E. Bunts ; adjutant, Paul Howland. Troop A: captains, Russell E. Burdick, Carlyle L. Burridge; first lieutenants, Carlyle L. Burridge, Henry E. Doty ; second lieutenants, Henry E. Doty, Harvey Mans- 346 - HISTORY OF CLEVELAND field. Troop B: captain, Henry W. Corning ; first lieutenant, Frank W. Wood ; second lieutenants, Sheldon Cary, Jos. H. Millar. Troop C: captain, Wm. M. Scofield ; first lieutenant, Jas. M. Shallenberger ; second lieutenant, George W. Van Camp. DIVISION VI. RELIGIONS AND BENEVOLENCES. CHAPTER XXXIX. PROTESTANT CHURCHES. By Rev. Dan. F. Bradley, D. D., Pastor Pilgrim Congregational Church. It is interesting to note that the first description of the site of the city at the mouth of the Cuyahoga river, was by Rev. John Heckewelder, a Moravian missionary, who with his comrade Zeisberger built a small village at where Tinker's creek joins the river. Heckewelder closed his description by saying that "Cujahoga will hereafter be a place of great importance." They gave to their village the name of Pilger-ruh, or Pilgrim's Rest. This was in 1786. But the Moravians not long after abandoned the place and moved farther west. On the 22d of July, 1796, Moses Cleaveland and his first company of Connecticut settlers founded the town. In 1797 the second company came under the superintendency of Rev. Seth Hart. He held the first religious service in the place— a funeral, reading the service of the Episcopal church; and soon after he solemnized a marriage. Rev. Joseph Badger of Connecticut visited Cleveland in 1801 and in 1802 preached the first sermons heard in the settlement, and went away with a very unfavorable impression of the religious aspirations of the people. He visited Newburg, then a rival to Cleveland in respect of population and commercial importance and reported "No apparent piety. They seemed to glory in their infidelity." Dr. Thomas Robbins another missionary from New England found the people of Cleveland in 1803 "loose in principles and conduct" and "few of them had heard a sermon or hymn in eighteen months." In 1812 at the hanging of O'Mic, the Indian, for murder, a number of clergymen were present and one of them preached the sermon, "The first settlers in Cleveland were not religious men ; though from New England, they were not Puritans. The motive that brought them was not that of their fathers, to found a Christian commonwealth, but was to improve their fortunes in this new Connecticut. The distillery flourished before a schoolhouse or a church was built. But this bad primacy could not long continue. Providence, together with heredity, was too powerful a force. The seeds of religion were in the soil of those men's lives, though showing such small fruitage in those earliest days. As other immigrants came, mostly from New England, bringing wives and children, always hostages to goodness, what result could come to pass other than such homes, such social customs, such schools, churches, and government as they had left behind?