100 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Charles Hickox worked as clerk in a commission and forwarding house at Cleveland. At the end of that time, the business outlook improving, he engaged in the same business on his own account, and from that time his influence and efforts had a marked effect in local business life. One of the most important of his enterprises was the founding of the large flour mills with which he or other members of the family were closely connected for nearly thirty years. In 1872 he began using his capital and his personal resources in the development of the iron ore mines of Lake Superior and the coal lands of Central Ohio. He was instrumental in turning over the coal lands to the Hocking Valley Railroad, and thereby became identified with the management of that railroad company and subsequently with the Ohio Central Railroad. For a long term of years Mr. Hickox was president of The Republic Iron Company, was one of the founders of The Society for Savings of Cleveland, and at one time was member of the Board of Sinking Fund Commissioners. He held post as a director in a number of important corporations. Much of his surplus capital was invested in local real estate. At the time of his death he was constructing the Hickox Building, now at the corner of 'Euclid. Avenue and East Ninth Street, in the heart of Cleveland's business district, and it is perhaps the most familiar material monument to the constructive efforts of this notable Cleveland man. That he became a man of wealth was only a natural result of his unusual powers as an administrator and director of large material resources. His contemporaries and the people of Cleveland remember him not so much for his fortune as for the worthy use to which he put it. Younger men especially esteemed him, and he showed great sympathy with the struggles and aspirations of the younger generation, and there are many who owe their success to his timely aid and cheerful advice. He spared neither time nor money in promoting the good of the city and his influence was a strong factor, though he himself never held any public office and was in politics only for what good he could accomplish. He had successively been aligned with the abolitionists, the free soilers and the republican parties. He possessed, a fine natural mind, and it was cultivated and broadened by extensive travels at home and abroad, and he was an indefatigable reader of newspapers and was as well informed on affairs of state and world politics as in matters affecting his home community. One of the handsome landmarks of the city, on Euclid Avenue, is the old Hickox homestead, surrounded with ample grounds. This was the home of Charles Hickox for over thirty years, and there he died April 17, 1890, when in his eightieth year. He married in 1843 Miss Laura A. Freeman. She was a daughter of Judge Francis Freeman of Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Hickox was born in Warren, Ohio, August 24, 1819, and died in Cleveland April 3, 1893, at the age of seventy-three. There were four children : Frank F. of Cleveland; Charles G., who died in Cleveland April 23, 1912 ; Ralph W., who was born January 1, 1850, in Cleveland, Ohio, and died March 25, 1910, at Lyons, France ; and Mrs. Harvey H. Brown of Cleveland. CHARLES G. HICKOX. While the late Charles G. Hickox came into the high business position earned by his father, the late Charles Hickox, he expressed his individual life in much constructive achievement, and was one of the most forceful personalities among Cleveland business men for a generation. He was born in Cleveland January 14, 1846, a son of Charles and Laura (Freeman) Hickox. The career of his father has been sketched upon other pages. Reared in a home of refinement and culture, Charles G. Hickox attended the public schools of Cleveland and was a member of the class of 1867 in the University of Michigan. On leaving college he took up a business career with energy characteristic of him. His first important work was in the flour mill established by his father and still carried on under the title of The Cleveland Milling Company. Charles G. Hickox was secretary and treasurer of this large industry until 1890, when he retired from active control. His unusual talents in the field of finance and business administration were perhaps best exemplified as a railway official. In 1881 he became a director of the Columbus, Hocking Valley & Toledo Railroad, and continued as such until 1886. In that year he became a director of The Toledo & Ohio Central Railway Company. In 1890 he was chosen its vice president, and was prominent in sustaining and expanding that important Ohio railway corporation, holding the office of vice president until his death. He was identified with the executive man- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 101 agement of many other interests. He was second officer in The Adams-Bagnall Electric Company, The Lakeview Cemetery Association, The Gardner Electric Drill Company, was one of the directors of The Hocking Valley Railway Company, The Kanawha & Michigan Railway Company, The Cleveland & Ma-honing Railway Company, The National Acme Company, and was interested in The Litchfield Company, which operates. the Hickox Building, built by his father, in Cleveland. This by no means completes the list of his varied connections with the largest business affairs of Cleveland and Ohio. Charles G. Hickox was known and admired among his associates as a man of sagacity in business affairs, with much ability as a manager and wisdom as an inventor. Like his father he was an earnest republican, and was a member of the Union Club, the Roadside Club and the Country Club. Mr. Hickox died at his home on Prospect Avenue April 23, 1912. He was survived by his widow, a sister Mrs. Harvey H. Brown, and a brother F. F. Hickox of Cleveland. JOHN JOSEPH STANLEY is one of Cleveland's native sons, and has attained eminence in the world of street railway building and finance. He is now president and a director of The Cleveland Street Railway Company and in 1917 he was elected second vice president of the American Electric Railways Association, composed of the executives and operating officials of nearly all the street railway transportation companies in this country. Mr. Stanley was born at Cleveland March 5, 1863, a son of Joseph and Eliza (Bragg) Stanley. He was educated in the Cleveland public schools and in early manhood he became connected with the street railways of Cleveland, a connection that extends over a period of more than thirty years and practically continuous. He has built many street railway systems, especially in the State of New York. He is a director of The Rochester Railway & Light Company of Rochester, New York,4 The Central National Bank, The Guardian Savings & Trust Company and The Mutual Building and Investment Company of Cleveland. Mr. Stanley is a member of the Union Club, Country Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. His offices as president of The Cleveland Street Railway Company are in the Leader-News Building. Mr. Stanley married at Cleveland September 2, 1885, Miss Rose Francis. Their three children are Frances, Rhoda and Laura. COL. ROYAL TAYLOR. The name and career of Col. Royal Taylor belong to the State of Ohio rather than to any one locality, though many of his most conspicuous achievements were in the Western Reserve. He was born at Middlefield, Massachusetts, September 1, 1800, a son of Samuel and Sarah (Jagger) Taylor. His mother was .a woman of marked character. His useful life was prolonged to the age of fourscore and twelve years. He died at Ravenna, Ohio, November 20, 1892. His great-great-grandfather, Samuel Taylor, came from England and settled at Hadley, Massachusetts, in 1666. His son, also named Samuel, was born at Hadley in 1713, and in 1752 moved to the heavily wooded district known as Pontoosuck, now the City of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. An official record of 1753 shows that he was at the head of a syndicate of seven citizens who by special act secured an incorporation under the title of the "Proprietors of the Settling Lots in the Township of Pontoosuck." In 1761 .this old Indian name was changed to Pittsfield. The first white child born at Pittsfield in 1764 was Samuel Taylor, the third of that name and the father of Royal Taylor.' . In 1770 the Taylor family removed to Middlefield, Massachusetts, where Samuel Taylor lived until 1807, at which date he brought his family, including his small son Royal, to the wilderness district of the Western Reserve at Aurora in Portage County, Ohio. Samuel Taylor died there six years later, in March, 1813. Royal Taylor vas only thirteen years of age when his father died. He possessed to a remarkable degree all the qualities which have distinguished the pioneers of the great West. He assumed heavy responsibilities in connection with the maintenance of the family, and applied himself to the hard and unremitting labor by which existence was possible in this region of Ohio 100 years ago. It is said that his first efforts at self support were as a workman in a sugar camp, where he was paid his own weight, seventy pounds, in maple sugar. He also worked in the first brick yard at Aurora, the brick being used in the construction of the old Presbyterian Church there. The fifteen dollars a month he earned by this service he invested in sixty acres of land at Solon in 1816. The purchase price was $300.00, but several years later he 102 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS sold the land for only $200.00. With this discipline he grew up a healthy, tall and handsome young man, with great powers of endurance, and always equal to any emergency. As the Western Reserve was largely settled by New Englanders, he had the good fortune of coming into association with many educated men and women and from them acquired a common school education. His, first ambition was for the law, and he studied that subject two years, and while the knowledge proved invaluable to him his real forte and destiny was as a leader in practical business. In 1822 he went to Kentucky as a school teacher and while there studied mathematics and Latin. His associates while there were the Marshalls and other men who became prominent in national affairs, and with whom he ever maintained a friendly acquaintance. In 1824, in that state, he married Miss Rebecca, Saunders, and in the following year they returned to Ohio and lived successively at Aurora, Russell and Twinsburg. His first wife died at Twinsburg in 1836, leaving him five young children. In 1837 he married Miss Sarah Ann Richardson, daughter of Captain Daniel Richardson, of Connecticut. She was born at Barkhamstea,d, Connecticut, in 1813 and came with her parents to Twinsburg, Ohio, in 1824. She was a,cousin of the famous John Brown of Kansas and Harpers Ferry fame and had the qualities of mind and heart which distinguished the true noblewoman. She became the mother of four sons and three daughters, and passed away in 1865. After her death Royal Taylor married Mrs. Annetta Hatch. Royal Taylor was a strong, vigorous man, always a promoter of improvements and industries and helping to develop the educational and political necessities of a new and growing country. In the years following his first marriage he was associated. with his brothers Samuel and Harvey Baldwin of Aurora in opening up the export trade for the cheese product of Northern Ohio to the Southern states, the first important export trade from the Western Reserve. This product was carried to the South by boats and barges on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers. After the panic of 1837 Royal Taylor took charge of some bankrupt mercantile establishments. Here his legal training served him well and his success in rehabilitating broken concerns was such that all his energies were soon engaged in handling large financial affairs for local and non-resident capitalists. One important com mission given him was for the sale of lands held by the heirs of General Henry Champion, W. W. Boardman and others of the original purchasers of the 3,000,000 acres of the Connecticut Western Reserve. In 1858 he acted as agent for the Yale College, which had through the will of Henry L. Ellsworth become possessor of lands in Indiana, Illinois and Missouri. In the course of time Royal Taylor had the supervision and care of upwards of half a million acres of land in Ohio and other states, and in looking after these interests it is said that he visted every western state east of the Rocky Mountains. During his residence in Portage County he served as county commissioner and later as state commissioner for the Blind Asylum. From 1842 to 1868 he had his home in Cuyahoga County. This position enabled him the better to handle his business as a land agent and he was also agent for the Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad and one of its earliest promoters. Royal Taylor was a prominent member of the whig party and in 1848. assisted in the organization of the free soil party and was a delegate to the first county convention of that party in Cleveland, and also a delegate to the original state convention of the party at Columbus. In 1856 he became permanently identified with the republican organization. Though well advanced in years when the Civil war came on, the service of Royal Taylor to his. country is one of the most conspicuous features of his record. In 1862 it was discovered that many sick and wounded soldiers from Ohio after their discharge from the army had become the prey to hordes of self-styled claim agents at Louisville, who bought their pay vouchers for a mere pittance. Governor David Todd of Ohio deputized Mr. Taylor to investigate the matter, and his report showed that great injustice was being done to the defenders of the Union. Royal Taylor was then appointed military agent, with the rank of colonel, and going to Louisville took such vigorous action with the hearty support of the Secretary of War, as to put an end to the flourishing system which had grown up around the army organization. In the interests of the Ohio troops Colonel Taylor maintained an office at Louisville, and the following year at Nashville. In the spring of 1864, on orders from Governor Brough, he moved his headquarters to Chattanooga, where his service was very helpful in promoting the efficiency of the great army under Sherman during its CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 103 notable campaign. In 1865 Colonel Taylor was appointed commissioner of the Bureau of Military Claims in Ohio, and with headquarters at Columbus administered this office with signal efficiency for two years and ten months, until by his recommendation the office was discontinued. In this position it is said that with the aid of his son and cashier, James Royal Taylor, he collected and distributed to soldiers, and their widows and orphans several million dollars, and the records of the department show that the accounts were kept within the accuracy of a single cent. From 1868 until his death Colonel Taylor lived at Ravenna. In his seventy-fifth year he traveled through Upper and Lower Canada and to England, partly on business and partly on pleasure. Of some of the more intimate characteristics of Colonel Taylor the following has been appropriately written : "He was a thorough temperance man and a regular attendant of the Presbyterian Church, though not a member. The personal accomplishments of Colonel Taylor were far superior to those of the average business man of his day. He was a constant and careful reader and that intellectual resource abided with him even into extreme age. This was evidenced in that he and his wife followed for four years the reading course of the Chautauqua Literary and Scientific Circle, of which they were two of the oldest members, Colonel Taylor being eighty-four years old the year of their graduation. Not content with this they read for post-graduate credits for two years longer. His mental faculties remained practically unimpaired until the last. He had traveled extensively, and his faculty of observation was phenomenal and never failing. He never lost his lively interest in the affairs of the world, and, a true patriarch, his mind held a vast fund of knowledge derived from the study and various experiences of a long and eventful career. Attractive in person, courteous and gentle in his ,tearing, he stood as one of the most noble specimens of the true gentlemen of the old regime, honored and beloved by all who came within the sphere of his individuality. His manuscripts, even down to the end of his life, were as plain, free and legible as those of the most expert accountant, and his style of correspondence evinced his literary taste and a most retentive memory." DANIEL R. TAYLOR. With a record of fifty years of residence and business activity at Cleveland, Daniel R. Taylor is the pioneer real estate man of the city, and the men of that profession have never hesitated to recognize and 'appreciate not only his expert skill and success but his many unselfish services rendered in putting tilt business on its present high plane. If ever a man was fortunate in his birth and early environment and experience it is Daniel R. Taylor. He is a son of the late Colonel Royal Taylor, whose notable career in Ohio has been sketched elsewhere in this publication. Daniel R. Taylor was born at his father's home in Twinsburg, Ohio, March 28, 1838. His mother was Sarah Ann Richardson and through her he is descended from Holland-Dutch ancestry that settled in Connecticut about 1668. There is also an admixture of French Huguenot and English blood. Daniel R. Taylor grew up in a home of culture, was liberally educated in the academies at Twinsburg and Chagrin Falls, and had the inestimable advantage of early association with his father, then and long afterward one of the most remarkable business men of the state. Mr. Taylor's first practical experience was as a school teacher. In 1856 he was appointed station agent on the newly opened Cleveland and Mahoning Railroad. Following that he was assistant to his father, who represented many of the heirs of original owners of land in the Western Reserve and of Yale College, in the handling of that institution's extensive land holdings through several states of the Middle West. In 1862 Mr. Taylor enlisted in the Eighty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, was appointed quartermaster sergeant, but found his chief duties in the administration of work at which his father was the head. In 1863 he was made Ohio State Military Agent and served as such at Louisville and Nashville until the close of the war. It is said that he considers his activities during this period as the most serviceable to mankind in which he ever engaged. Mr. Taylor came to Cleveland and engaged in the real estate business in 1867. Five years later William G. Taylor came and successfully engaged in the same business and the two brothers have jointly occupied the same office ever since. While his operations have been conducted on a large scale, it is not so much his achievements as a dealer as his broader services that require special mention. Mr. Taylor was one of the pioneers in recognizing 104 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS that close relationship that exists between the broad welfare of a community and its building development, and long before "city planning" was an appreciated factor in municipal development Mr. Taylor recognized that the preservation of individual homes and pleasant surroundings and the prevention of insanitary crowding of population was an ideal of greatest importance in the wholesome growth of a city. More than that, he realized the responsibility of real estate dealers in the well ordered development of a community. During his residence at Cleveland Mr. Taylor has witnessed the city's growth in population from 71,000 to over 700,000, and throughout all this time has consistently used his every effort to further the ideals above advanced, not only in the minds of the general public but particularly with his colleagues and associates in the real estate field. Mr. Taylor has been very active in developing much real estate in this city. During the past fifty years he has owned wholly or in part about 500 acres of land. Several subdivisions were opened up and improved by him on which there are now hundreds of homes and a large number of manufactories. Mr.. Taylor was one of the first to suggest that Euclid Avenue was to become a business street, assuming that it being a direct line from the heart of the city to the best residence portions it would naturally, as the city developed, become an important business street. As all the property on Superior Street west of the Public Square was occupied for business purposes and as the property owners. were not willing to tear down old buildings and construct suitable new ones to meet the growing demand, the natural outlet for this growth was to be Euclid Avenue. Many contended that the growth of business should be extended out Superior Street east of the Square. He insisted, however, that the Public Square, post-office, Case Hall and the city hall made a serious break in the business channel, and that saloons and eating houses contiguous thereto were objectionable to a good class of business. With Waldemer Otis and George N. Case he secured the old St. Paul Church property at the southwest corner of Euclid and Sheriff (now East Fourth Street), tore down the church and subdivided and sold the land for business purposes. They also bought the Warner and Williams homesteads on the north side of Euclid Avenue, at the corner of what is now Sixth Street, a portion of which was taken for an extension of Bond Street through from Superior to Euclid. They also vacated an alley running north of Euclid, west of these properties, and gave the city the alley running west from Bond Street to the Arcade. Mr. C. G. King, who recognized the foresight shown, aided largely in the growth and development of Euclid Avenue. Mr. Taylor's idea has been that Cleveland was a natural manufacturing city and meeting place for crude material, as well as being a good distributing point. Acting on this belief, he has owned or controlled and sold at different times several miles of railroad frontage, the largest tract being that bounded by Quincy, Oakdale, North Woodland and Woodhill Road. It was wise forethought and care on the part of Mr. Taylor that raised his operations as a buyer and seller of real estate from a mere business transaction to a profession, requiring careful study of economics, and the development of a prophetic business sense, so as to be adequate as far as possible in anticipating and preparing for the future. It followed as a matter of course that he was one of the leaders in organizing the Cleveland Real Estate Board, and the emphasis placed by that organization upon business probity and fair dealing as fundamentals can largely be traced to the influence of Mr..Taylor. When the Cleveland Real Estate Board was organized an appropriate honor was conferred upon him in making him its first president. He is still honored with the position of vice president. Individually Mr. Taylor has been connected with many manufacturing and real estate development companies and has served as, president, treasurer, secretary or director in many of them., At the end of fifty years he is now taking life somewhat leisurely, but has surrounded himself in his office with a number of young men who have seized his ideals and inspired by his guidance and instruction are giving increased power to the long continued energies of this veteran builder and developer of Cleveland. Mr. Taylor has never married. While a republican in politics he has never sought political honors of any kind and has found his chief pleasure and satisfaction in life in the orderly development of a large business. He was one of the original members of the Union Club of Cleveland and several other clubs, and is still a member of the Union Club and of the Rowfant Club. THOMAS S. GRASSELLI. It is by no means common in America to find a family identified CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 105 with one profession or business for generation after generation. The Grasselli family are entitled to this distinction, and beginning with a small business as manufacturing chemists in Cincinnati nearly eighty years -ago the family through three successive generations have enlarged and extended the business until it is now of world wide importance. The Grasselli Chemical Company is one of the big names in American manufacturing annals. The profession of chemist has been followed by the family for four generations at least. More than a century ago a chemical manufacturer and a scientist of no mean attainments lived in Strasburg, in what is now the German province of Alsace. He was by name Jean Angelo Grasselli. He built up a large business in that city and was well known for his scientific investigations. His son Eugene Grasselli was the founder of the family and the business in America. Eugene was born at Strasburg January 31, 1810, and was given very liberal educational advantages, particularly in chemistry. In 1836 he came to America and for several years was employed with the Philadelphia firm of Farr & Kuenzie, predecessors of a more widely known firm of Powers & Weightman. It was Eugene Grasselli's ambition to found a business of his own. For that purpose he removed to Cincinnati and in 1839 began on a small scale the manufacture of chemicals. It was the first distinctive business of the kind west of the Alleghenies. There was little field for chemical manufacture at the time beyond supplying the needs of an apothecary shop and a few laboratories and industries, and, doubtless Eugene Grasselli did not even dream of the immense possibilities of the business which he founded. His industry grew under his capable management and his products came into favor throughout the Middle West. In 1867 he established a branch house at Cleveland, and this city has been the home of the Grasselli business for half a century, though other plants and branch houses are now found in a number of cities and industrial centers. The founding and growth of the business at Cleveland was the direct result of the masterful mind of Eugene Grasselli, who continued in close touch with the business until his death, which occurred in Cleveland January 10, 1882. lIe had for some years been recognized as one of Cleveland's foremost business men and he also received the respect and honor due to a man of tremendous force of character and of most kindly and charitable impulses and benefactions.He was both a scholar and a cultured business man. Eugene Grasselli married June 17, 1837, Miss Frederica Eisenbarth, a native of Wuertemberg, Germany. They were the parents of nine children, three sons and six daughters. Caesar Augustine Grasselli, one of the sons, has for many years been a notable figure in Cleveland business and social affairs. He was born at Cincinnati November 7, 1850, and received his education largely under the direction of his father. With respect to his exceptional attainments Mount St. Mary's College of Maryland conferred upon him the degree Doctor of Science in 1904. In 1885 he became president of the Grasselli Chemical Company and continued at the head of that great corporation until January, 1916, when he was made chairman of the Board of The Grasselli Chemical Company. lie has been president of The Woodland Avenue Savings & Trust Company of Cleveland since 1887, and president of The Broadway Savings & Trust Company since 1893. He is a director of the Union National Bank, The Glidden Varnish Company, and The Akron & Chicago Junction Railroad. His many active interests are reflected in his membership in the American Chemical Society, the Atherican Institute of Mining Engineers, the American Institute of Banking, American Academy of Political and Social Science, National Civic Federation, Western Reserve Historical Society, the American Museum of Natural History of New York, the Ohio Society of New York, while in 1910 Victor Emanuel III decorated him with Knight Order of Golden Crown of Italy. He is a republican and a member of the Catholic church, and belongs to the Union, Athletic, Shaker Heights and Country Clubs of Cleveland, the Chemists Club of New York, and the Drug Club of the same city. He married August 1, 1871, Johanna Ireland of Cincinnati. Thomas S. Grasselli, a son of C. A. Grasselli, is the present active head of the Grasselli Company and represents the third generation of the family in America. He was born in Cleveland November 14, 1876, and in 1893 finished his literary. course in Mount St. Mary's College at Emmitsburg, Maryland. On returning to Cleveland he started to master the business of the Grasselli interests. There was nothing supercilious in his character and he started n as a laborer in the plant and learned the business by actual 106 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS contact with every detail of the work. He was promoted to additional responsibilities from time to time, and in 1898 was made an official in the management of the business, in 1904 was elected second vice president, in 1913 first vice president, and since January, 1916, has been president of the corporation, directing the affairs of a business that has long since outgrown the limitations of one city and is now practically one of the great American industries. Mr. Grasselli is a director of The Citizens Savings & Trust Company, vice president of the Woodland Avenue Savings & Trust Company, a director of the Broadway Savings & Trust Company, and a director of The Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad and the Cleveland and Youngstown Railway. He was formerly a member of Troop A„ Ohio National Guard, and at the time of the Spanish-American war became captain and regimental quartermaster of the First Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Mr. Grasselli is a member of the Union Club, the Country Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Ohio Society of New York and the Chem. ists Club of New York. His religious affilia? tion is with the Catholic church. At Rock Island, Illinois, in May, 1899, he married Emelie Schmidt. They have three children : Caesar A., second, and Thomas Fries, both of whom are attending the University School of Cleveland, and Harry Williams. HON. HENRY I. EMERSON is now serving his second term in Congress, representing the Twenty-Second Ohio District of Cleveland. As congressman Mr. Emerson has been a vigorous factor in the present international crisis and has stood uncompromisingly for national preparedness and the upholding of President Wilson's stand in the matter of adequate training and consolidation of the resources and p'eople of this nation for war purposes. Mr. Emerson was the only one of Cleveland's three congressmen who announced himself definitely, before the opening of the Sixty-Fifth Congress, for a program providing universal military training. Early in the session he introduced a bill providing for military training for the boys in high schools and preparatory schools and he also introduced & bill authorizing the organization of a voluMeer army under the command of former President Roosevelt. Congressman Emerson was born at Litchfield, Maine, .March 15, 1871, a son of Ivory W. and Rose A. (Stewart) Emerson. Mr. Emerson has lived in Cleveland since early manhood. He graduated from the University of Cincinnati in the law department in 1893, and began practice at Cleveland immediately upon his graduation. In 1902-03 he served as a member of the Cleveland City Council and has long been a recognized leader of the republican party. He was elected a member of the Sixty-Fourth Congress in 1914, and reelected in 1916. Congressman Emerson is a member of the Methodist church. His offices in Cleveland are in the Society for Savings Building. On December 25, 1894, he married Nettie Naumann at Cleveland, who died August 15, 1913. On February 19, 1917, Mr. Emerson married Miss Lillian McCormick, daughter of J. W. McCormick, formerly of Galt, Ontario, but now a resident of Grafton, Ohio. WALTER McClURE. The wide-awake operator in realty in almost any section is able to accomplish results when conditions are normal, and that many have availed themselves of advantageous circumstances, the prosperity of numerous communities and the individuals themselves, conclusively prove. If this be true in the smaller localities, how much more so is it at Cleveland, where much of the wealth and many industrial activities of the Middle West are concentrated. One of those who have been instrumental in bringing about present substantial conditions is Walter McClure, a handler of realty investments, who stands pre-eminent as a capable, alert and honorable operator. During his business career along this line he has handled many thousands of dollars' worth of property, and his name has become prominently known in connection with some of the largest realty deals in the history of the city. Mr. McClure was born at Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, August 8, 1880, a son of Hon. Addison S. and Mary L. (Brigham) McClure, old and respected residents of Wooster, where the father died in 1902, the mother surviving him five years and dying at Cleveland. Addison S. McClure was born at Wooster, where the family had settled at an early day, and during the Civil war enlisted in the Fourth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, but was promoted captain and transferred to the Sixteenth Regiment. His services in the army covered a period of nearly five years, during which time he was in numerous engagements, was captured by the enemy and confined in CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 107 Vicksburg, Libby and Andersonville prisons, and made a splendid record for bravery and fidelity. Returning to Wooster he embarked in the practice of law and in time became not only the leading attorney of the city, but also a prominent figure in civic and national affairs, serving as a member of the Forty-seventh Congress in 1881-1883, and of the Fifty-fourth Congress, 1895-1897. Mrs. McClure's people were from Monroe, Michigan, where she was born. The only child of his parents, Walter McClure was reared at Wooster, where he attended the graded and high schools, and in 1901 graduated from Wooster University with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. Later he entered the Western Reserve University, graduating in 1904 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and in June, 1904, was admitted to the bar of Ohio. Mr. McClure, however, did not take up the practice of that profession, although it has been of great aid to him in his business. He had recognized the possibilities of the real estate field, and, gathering together all the capital he could command, about $8,000, he entered the business determined to win. His subsequent achievements at Milwaukee, Detroit and Cleveland tell a story of wonderful success. When he started he handled city properties exclusively, and until five years ago operated principally in Detroit and Milwaukee, but at the same time retained an office at Cleveland, being now in the Garfield Building, and handles only his own property. He is secretary and treasurer of the Griswold Building Company, the Morse Building Company, the Del Prado Building Company, the Perkins Building Company and the East Fourth Street Building Company, and treasurer of the Douglas Prospect Building Company, all of Cleveland ; vice president of the Mather Realty Company of Detroit ; and secretary and treasurer of the Woodward Realty Company of Detroit. One of Mr. McClure's biggest deals was the leasing of the. Plankinton property at Milwaukee to Charles W. Somers, vice president of the American League of Professional Baseball. Mr. McClure started the building at Cleveland in 1916 of the Del Prado, an apartment hotel, which was finished in July, 1917, located at No. 4209 Euclid Avenue, with eighty-eight suites and twenty-one terraces. In November, 1916, he commenced the erection of the Perkins, at 8011 Euclid Avenue, to be finished October 1, 1917, an apartment hotel with fifty suites. The Morse, at the corner of Euclid Avenue and Seventy- seventh Street, was built by him and has forty-nine suites; and the Griswold, which he is erecting at No. 3844 Euclid Avenue, next to the old home of John D. Rockefeller, will, when ready for occupancy, be an apartment hotel with sixty-eight suites. Mr. McClure has always taken a deep interest in the city's welfare and has never hesitated to advocate or oppose measures which he has believed would affect the general welfare. His successful career as a real estate man has given him a prominent place among the shrewd judges of such values in Cleveland and he is a valued member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board and of the National Association of Real Estate Exchanges. He belongs also to the Phi Gamma Delta and the Phi Beta Phi fraternities, to the Union, Cleveland Athletic and City clubs and to the Civic League. Mr. McClure was married to Miss Frances Kauke, of Exeter, California, at that place November 27, 1911. She was born at Wooster, Ohio, and educated there in the public schools and Wooster University, and is a daughter of C. W. and Miriam (Phillips) Kauke, who are now living in retirement at Exeter. During the active period of his career Mr. Kauke was a leading banker of Wooster. PETER WITT. The city of Cleveland has long been recognized as one of America's most desirable communities, both as a trade center and as a place of residence. Its busy marts have held out opportunities to men of substantial worth and business prominence, and its beautiful residential sections have attracted people of wealth and culture. Like all large cities, however, one of its most serious problems has, until within recent years, been the problem of transportation. Its districts are so situated, its street system is so planned, and its traveling public so large, that for a long time the question of handling its street car facilities in an expeditious and satisfactory manner was one of grave consequence. This problem has been solved through the genius of one of its best known citizens, Peter Witt, who in 1916 secured the patent on what is known as The Car Rider's Car," a street car coach which has been put into operation on the city's surface lines, and today Cleveland may boast of one of the fastest-working systems of any in the country. Mr. Witt has long been well and favorably known in business circles of Cleveland, and continues to be prominent in public affairs, in which he has taken a leading part for some years. 108 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS A native son of Cleveland, Peter Witt was born July 24, 1869, his parents being Christopher and Anna (Probeck) Witt. Christopher Witt was born in Mecklenburg, Germany, and after acquiring the trade of blacksmith he toured Germany. Some time during the early '40s, while in the southern sections of this empire, he put the tires on the first locomotive which ascended the Alps. There he met Carl Schurz, the German patriot who later was forced to flee to Scotland to escape arrest after having participated in the revolutionary movements in the Palatinate and at Baden, and in 1849 came to the United States. Mr. Witt settled at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, where he secured work at the trade of blacksmith, which he had learned in his youth, and remained in that city until 1866. While there he met and married Anna Probeck, who was born in Germany, near Mainz, and who in 1851, after losing her parents, had come alone to the United States at the age of eighteen years. They were married August 27, 1853, and resided at Philadelphia until the spring of 1866, when they came to Cleveland, Mr. Witt securing employment at his trade at the old Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Works, where he assisted in the building of the first locomotives put together this side of the Allegheny Mountains, He worked at his trade until about 1889, when he retired, and' then lived quietly until his death, which occurred at Cleveland December 15, 1897, Mrs. Witt surviving until Oetober 10, 1909. This pioneer couple of Cleveland were most highly respected. Mr. Witt, who was a splendid citizen, was intensely interested in the Abolition movement, but maintained an independent stand upon political questions. There were eleven children in the family, seven born at Philadelphia and four at Cleveland, and of these five grew to maturity : Charles, the eldest of these, was killed in a railroad collision while a fireman on the Chicago & Northwestern Railway at Hanover Junction, near Baraboo, Wisconsin, October 11, 1883, being then twenty-four years of age; Sophia is now Mrs. Frederick Hayes, of Cleveland; Anna is the widow of Alexander Dow and lives in this city ; Herman, deceased, was baliff in the court of Judge Morgan of Cleveland ; and Peter is the youngest. Peter Witt secured his education at the old Orchard school on the West Side, Cleveland, and in 1886 was apprenticed to the trade of moulder, a vocation at which he was employed until 1896, as a journeyman in various establishments at Cleveland and elsewhere. In the latter year he became interested in newspaper work and insurance, and, having made a profound study of the matter, published two books upon the subject of taxation, which attracted widespread interest at the time. In 1901 Mr. Witt became the first appointee of the late Tom L. Johnson when he took the mayoralty chair, being given the office of what was known as the "Tax School," a special department which had been created by the mayor himself. This department Mr. 'Witt conducted until November, 1902, when the office was abolished by the injunction rule. On May 4, 1903, Mr.. Wittwas elected city clerk of Cleveland, in which office his services were so satisfactory that he was reelected in 1906 and retained the office continuously until January 3, 1910, when, with the Tom Johnson administration, his office expired. During the two terms following Mr. Witt confined his attention to his private affairs, but January 1, 1912, he again entered public life during Mayor Newton D. Baker's administration, as City Street Railway Commissioner, an office in which he became intimately familiar with the problems of street transportation. At the expiration of his term of office, January 1, 1916, he returned to his private affairs, which include principally consulting work in railway operations. During this time he has pattented what is known as the "Car Rider's Car," as noted above, but which is generally known as the Peter Witt car by the operators. He secured the patent April 25, 1916, and since that time nsmerous other cities have adopted this car. At this writing, May, 1917, there are ears in service at Cleveland, Toledo, Rochester, Syracuse, Utica and Schenectady, with ears building for Buffalo, Syracuse, Rochester, Erie and Youngstown, and numerous other large centers of traffic. For this front entrance, center-exit car, Mr. Witt makes the claim that it loads quickly, lessens accidents, gets all the fares, pleases the car rider, has less platform expense, lessens lawsuits, secured more dividends and assures public favor. A description of this new car may not be without interest. Its features are not new and untried, but have been developed and adopted in standard practice on the cars of • the large systems in different parts of the country. The low entrance and exit at the center have been widely used on many of the principal city railways; the door and window systems have been widely adopted ; the combination of the longitudinal and transverse seats has been quite common in long city cars CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 109 for many years ; placing the conductor near the center of the car is far from unusual ; single-end operation with the motorman's position partitioned to prevent encroachment upon his operating space and, at the same time, to permit him to control the entrance door and step and to observe freely the incoming passengers, has been broadly adopted; and, in fact, all of the individual features are well known and firmly established in modern electric railway design. The distinctive feature of this car is the provision of the largest amount of loading space of any pay-as-you enter or pay-as-you-leave car that was ever put into operation. This feature is attained without the sacrifice of seating space, and it achieves the most advanced method of fare collection that has yet been conceived. John J. Stanley, president of the Cleveland Railway Company, has witnessed the evolution of the transportation system from horse-drawn vehicle to electric-propelled motor, from turntable to loop, from bell-punch to fare-box, and his opinion is: "I have seen it all, and unhesitatingly say that in the front-entrance, center-exit car the last word in car design has been spoken." In a report to the American Electric Railway Association, F. W. Doolittle, director of the Bureau of Fare Research, American Electric Railway Association, said in part when speaking of the Car Rider's Car: "This car is of the front-entrance, center-exit type. In the forward half of the car, seats are arranged longitudinally, leaving a large standing area, and in the rear part of the car there are tranverse seats with a center aisle, together with a marginal seat about the rear end and two short longitudinal seats near the center of the car. The forward half of the car is for passengers who have not paid their fares and the rear half of the car is for passengers who have passed the conductor, stationed at the center-exit, and who therefore have paid their fares. All passengers leave through the center door, those from the rear leaving without the attention of the conductor and those from the forward part of the car paying as they leave. During periods of heavy travel a. large number of passengers can be taken aboard this ear in a very short time and, since there is always the incentive of cross seats in the rear part of the ear, a considerable portion of the passengers automatically work past the conductor, paying their fare as they move and thus lessening the length of time necessary for stops. This type of car has much to commend it as a revenue-producing unit, and the success with which its use has been attended in Cleveland doubtless will lead to the construction of more ears of a similar design." Mr. Witt has consistently maintained an independent stand in political matters. He has been very active in Cleveland politics, and in 1915 was a candidate for mayor, but met with defeat through an accident in thc preferential ballot. He defeated the present mayor, Harry L. Davis, by 3,000 votes in the first choice votes, but in the second and third choice was counted out. Mr. Witt married June 14, 1892, at Cleveland, Miss Sadie James, who was born and reared in the West Side, about a block away from the home of Mr. Witt, and attended the Orchard school. She is a daughter of Absalom and Sarah (Owen) James, now deceased, who became residents of Cleveland in 1868. Three daughters have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Witt, all at Cleveland. Hazel is a graduate of East High School, class of 1913, and of the Women's College, Western Reserve University, class of 1917. Norma Jean, a graduate of East High School, class of 1914, attended the Women's College one year, then took up kindergarten work, and is the wife of Herbert Cooper Jackson, Yale, 1916, now with the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, of Cleveland. Helen is attending the Doan Grade School. HON. JAMES A. REYNOLDS. Within the present generation there has not arisen in Ohio a more brilliant or more popular legislator or a finer citizen than Hon. James A. Reynolds, of Cleveland. A member of the House and Senate at various times during the past decade, he has been the author of some of the most important legislation that has come before these bodies in this period, his most recent achievement being the fathering of the bill for presidential suffrage for Ohio women, which was passed by the General Assembly early in 1917. While Mr. Reynolds is a figure of state-wide importance in public affairs, his accomplishments have not been confined to his abilities as a law-maker, for in various other ways he has distinguished himself. His rise from obscurity to prominence within a little more than a quarter of a century forms one of the interesting chapters in the history of the lives of Cleveland's foremost citizens. James A. Reynolds was born at Swindon, Wiltshire, England, December 6, 1871, a son of Charles Edward and Jane (Jarman) Rey- 110 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS wilds, the latter a native of Wales and the former of the city of London, England. Married at Swindon, the parents resided at that place until their son James A. was eight years of age, at which time they went to Wales, and in that country, one year later, James A. Reynolds entered upon his independent career, securing employment in the coal mines, where he worked until he was nearly fifteen years old. In 1886 the family came to the United States and landed at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and then proceeded to Alliance, Ohio, where the family home was located for three and one-half years. The father, who spent his entire life as a stationary engineer, met his death in an accident August 8, 1913, while operating an engine at the shops of the Chicago Pneumatic Tool Company, at Cleveland, the family having lived in this city since the latter part of 1890. Mrs. Reynolds, an active and energetic woman of strong intellect, kept herself well informed in regard to the important movements of the times, was a natural politician, and a stanch disciple of the late Mayor Tom Johnson of Cleveland. She was also a great friend and admirer of Peter Witt, who, in November, 1915, was defeated for the mayoralty of Cleveland. Four days after his defeat, November 7, 1915, Mrs. Reynolds died, and Mr. Reynolds has always felt that the shock attending the disappointment over her friend's failure had much to do in causing her demise. Of the children of Charles Edward and Jane Reynolds, all of whom were born in England, four sons and one daughter died in childhood, while three sons and one daughter survive, as follows : William C., who is a street car conductor at Cleveland ; James A.; Ada, who is the widow of John M. Tooth and a resident of Cleveland ; and George E., who is connected with the Ford Automobile Company at Detroit, Michigan. James A. Reynolds attended the public schools of his native place in England and, after coming to the United States, a Cleveland night school, but the greater part of his education, he feels, has been secured in the "College of Hard Knocks" and the trade union movement. Self teaching, much reading, a good deal of study and close observation have contributed toward making him a decidedly well informed man. While residing at Alliance with his parents he learned the trade of machinist, but felt that the city of Cleveland offered greater possibilities, and leaving home arrived in this city April 11, 1890. His cash capital at the time of his arrival totaled seventy-five cents, but he was in possession of a good trade, workmen in which were at a premium, and the nineteen-year-old youth found no trouble in securing employment. During the next ten years he worked at his trade, gradually advancing among its members by reason of his activities in trade union circles, and, because of his initiative, ambition, energy and popularity, coming more and more to the front as a desirable and useful citizen. In 1901, when the late Tom Johnson was selected as mayor of Cleveland, Mr. Reynolds was appointed inspector of machinery of the City Water Works of Cleveland, and it was while acting in this capacity, in 1902, that he went to Lockport, New York, to secure new pumps for his station. He not only brought back what he had gone for, but returned also with a bride. Mr. Reynolds held the position of inspector of machinery. until 1909. In the meantime, in 1906, he had been elected to the Ohio State Legislature, and served in that body during that and the two following years, but continued to hold his inspectorship, obtaining leaves of absence at periods during those years to attend to his legislative duties. He was one of the most active members of the House of the General Assembly, and in 1908 secured the passage Of the Reynolds Child Labor Law, of which he was the author. In June, 1909, Mr. Reynolds was appointed assistant superintendent of the Cooley Farm, and in November of the same year was made superintendent of that institution. In January, 1910, because of a change in the administration of the city, he was removed from the position by the new mayor, but in the same year was sent to the Ohio State Senate and soPted in the session of 1910 and 1911. While in that body his work included the putting through of the Reynolds Non-Partisan Judiciary Bill, which took the judiciary of the state out of politics, and which was and still is considered one of the best pieces of legislation ever accomplished. While still a member of the State Senate Mr. Reynolds was made inspector for the New York Central Railway Company, in charge of the concrete work, having the entire new belt line of Cleveland to inspect. He was still connected with the New York Central Lines in that capacity when, in January, 1912, Newton D. Baker was elected mayor of Cleveland. The new mayor appointed Mr. Reynolds superintendent of the Cooley Farm, a position held by him until March 1, 1916, when he became superintendent CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 111 of the Daisy Hill Stock Farm, located ten and one-half miles from Cleveland, a tract comprising 800 acres, one of the most complete, modern and sanitary dairy farms in the United States, owned by O. P. and M. J. Van Sweringen of Cleveland. In 1917 Mr. Reynolds was again sent to the House of Representatives of Ohio, and his services in that body have already been signalized by hard and effective work, the most important and far-reaching in results of which lay in the work he did in fathering and securing the passage of the bill which gave Ohio women the presidential vote. Incidentally he secured and gave to his daughter the pen with which this law was signed by Governor Cox. Mr. Reynolds introduced the bill against the advice of the greater number of his political associates, and admits that in securing its passage he fought one of the hardest fights of his career "but," he says—and it is char- acteristic Of the man, "it would hive been no victory if there had been no fight." Mr. Reynolds, who is known throughout the district by everyone as "Jimmie," is a through and through Tom Johnson democrat. However, he is popular alike with political friends and those of opposing parties, and his resource and quick mind make him one of the most valuable men of his party in the legislative houses. A recent comment in a Cleveland paper said : "James A. Reynolds of Cleveland, known about the State House as Jim, causes more fun than any other member of the House during sessions. He has served a number of terms in House and Senate. Every time there is a tense situation and feeling is developed, Reynolds can be counted upon to arise to a question of privilege, explanation or inquiry, and shift the line of thought of the House completely before he takes his seat. He seems to have a stock of stories on hand for such occasions." Mr. Reynolds is one of the oldest members of the International Association of Machinists, has held every office in that union, and was an international officer for twelve years. He was a member of the international executive board of the organization, and was the youngest international officer in the United States at the time of his election. He is secretary of the Civic Federation of Cleveland, belongs to the City Club, and holds membership in Lodge No. 41, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Lockport, New York. While at Lockport, New York, in 1902, Mr. Reynolds met Miss Florence E. Greenman, the Vol. II-8 daughter of Jesse L. and Rosa (Slocum) Greenman, and they were married at that place December 18 of the same year. Mrs. Reynolds, who was born at Lockport, is a woman who takes a keen interest in the movements of the day, is well posted in politics and upon public questions, and is a great assistant to her husband in his work. She is the daughter of a soldier of the Civil war and a member of the Daughters of Veterans, in addition to which she belongs to various clubs and societies of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Reynolds are the parents of one daughter, Nina May, who was born at Cleveland and is now a student at the East Technical High School, Cleveland. Mrs. and Miss Reynolds are members of Saint Mary's Episcopal Church of this city. JOHN ROYAL SNYDER, head of the well known Cleveland law firm of J. R. and H. R. Snyder, with offices in the Williamson Building, has enjoyed a good living practice and a growing reputation as a lawyer and citizen of Cleveland for the past six years. Mr. Snyder was born in Stark County, Ohio, February 11, 1876, son of John J. and Maria (Shearer) Snyder and a brothel- of his law partner, Harvey R., under whose name will be found other details of this well known old family of Stark County. Mr. J. R. Snyder completed his literary education in Mount Union College at Alliance, where he graduated A. B. in 1899. After leaving college he became active in Stark County politics, served as deputy county treasurer from 1899 to 1902, was then elected county treasurer, filling that office with credit from 1902 to 1906. From 1902 to 1904 he was also treasurer of the City of Canton. He studied law in Harvard Law School and was graduated LL. B. in 1909. Mr. Snyder is a life member of Lodge No. 68, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, at Canton and is also affiliated with Canton Lodge No. 60, Free and Accepted Masons, Minsilla Lodge No. 39, Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Canton, and Junior Order of United American Mechanics, No. 171. He belongs to the college fraternity Alpha Tau Omega and finds his recreation in the sports of tennis, baseball and football and also as a practical farmer. Mr. Snyder owns one of the finest 160 acre farms in Ohio, located in Stark County. While he is not able to give it his personal supervision on account of his law practice, he spends considerable time there during certain periods of 112 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the summer and fall helping to harvest the crops, and this is partly a source of good wholesome exercise and is also almost a necessity on account of the great scarcity of good farm hands. Mr. Snyder is a splendid specimen of physical manhood and keeps himself fit by much exercise. In college life he was a participant in all classes of good clean sport, and has carried the ideals of good sportsmanship into his professional and civic life at Cleveland. HARVEY R. SNYDER, member of the law firm J. R. and H. R. Snyder in the Williamson Building, has had an active and successful career in the law and in real estate and is probably one of the best known college and university men of Cleveland. He is especially well known in athletic circles both as a former Harvard University football man and football coach. He was born at Mapleton, Stark County, Ohio, October 17, 1880, son of John J. and Maria (Shearer) Snyder. His father, who died July 2, 1914, at Paris in Stark County, had spent practically all his life within a few miles of that locality. He gained a national reputation as a stockman and was the owner of a five hundred acre stock farm in Paris Township of Stark County. He was for about twenty years president of the Stark County Agricultural Association, and his farm produced some of the finest specimens of thoroughbred cattle, hogs and horses. This important stock business is still continued by one of his sons. The mother is still living at Louisville, Ohio. The parents were both born at Mapleton, the Shearers having come to Ohio from Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. Grandfather Snyder came from Alsace-Lorraine, Germany, about 1826, being at that time six years of age. His parents settled in Ohio, ant he died at Mapleton May 5, 1915, at the advanced age of ninety-five. John J. Snyder was a director of a savings bank in Canton and was affiliated with the Junior Order of United American Mechanics. He and his wife had four sons, all living: John R.; A. Talmage, an attorney at Canton ; Irvin A., who runs the old stock farm ; and Harvey R. All the sons were born at Mapleton. Harvey R. Snyder was educated in the public schools of Paris, Ohio, took his preparatory work in Mount Union College, Alliance, and in the fall of 1902 entered the sophomore class of Harvard University. He received his A. B. degree in 1905 and in the fall of the same year took up the study of law at Harvard Law School. He played on the IIarvard football team in 1905, and he also excelled at basketball. He received fiis law degree from Harvard in 1908. During the seasons of 1906 and 1907 he coached the Oberlin College football team, returning to his studies at Harvard after the close of the season and completing the full year of ,work. In 1908, after the conclusion of his law studies, he again coached the football team at Oberlin and then took charge of the Akron. Realty Company at Akron, with which firm he was connected until August, 1909. At that date he opened a law practice in the Williamson Building and in 1910 formed a partnership with his brother, John R., under the title above given. As a diversion Mr. Snyder was coach at Oberlin in 1909 and 1910, and each year gave that college a state championship football team. In 1911, 1912, and 1913 he was football coach of Western Reserve University. There has probably not been a season in the past ten years when Mr. Snyder has not returned to his alma mater at Harvard, either to assist on the coaching staff or to witness some of the games. He is a member of the Harvard Varsity Club, the Harvard Club of Cleveland, the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar Associations, the Cleveland Real Estate Board, of Iris Lodge No. 259, P. and A. M., Webb Chapter No. 14, R. A. M., and a member and an officer in the Pythian Star Lodge No. 526, Knights of Pythias. He is a member of its third rank team, which won first honors in the State meet at Columbus, Ohio, May 12, 1917. Mr. Snyder is an active churchman, elder and trustee in the Lakewood Presbyterian Church, and assistant superintendent of its Sunday School. He also belongs to the Alpha Nu Chapter of the Alpha Tau Omega college fraternity. Mr. Snyder married at Alliance, Ohio, March 20, 1910, Miss Charlotte Bracher. Mrs. Snyder was born at Alliance, daughter of John and Katherine (Kolb) Bracher, who now live at Lakewood, Cleveland. Mrs. Snyder graduated from the Alliance High School in 1900 and from Mount Union College with the degree of A. B. in 1905. She is a member of the Alpha Psi Delta Sorority, the Cleveland Alumna Association of Mount Union, of the College Club, and Cleveland Chapter of the Eastern Star. Mr. and Mrs. Snyder reside at 1361 Gill Avenue, Lakewood. Their two daughters, Mary Katherine and Grace Olive, were both born in Cleveland. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 113 COL. JOHN HENRY AMMON, whose home was in Cleveland for a number of years, where members of his family still reside, distinguished himself as a gallant officer of the Union army and afterwards was widely known for his connection with prominent American publishing houses. He was born in Auburn, New York, February 29, 1840, son of Dr. John Frederick William Ammon. Doctor Ammon was born in the Kingdom of Wurtemberg, Germany, in 1790, was a graduate of Wurtemberg University, and a skilled physician and surgeon. He came to the United States in 1822, locating in Pennsylvania, afterwards removing to Auburn, New York, subsequently spending six years in Utica, that state, and then located permanently in Auburn. He volunteered his services to the United States Government during the war with Mexico and he lost his life while in service. The maiden name of his wife was Anna Elizabeth Eberthart, who was born February 15, 1795, and died in Auburn, New York, being buried in the Fort Hill Cemetery there. The late Colonel Ammon was educated in the Auburn public schools and also at Crittenden Business College in Philadelphia. His early life was spent at Auburn. When only fourteen years of age the Auburn Cadets were formed and he was made a captain. He was just of age when the Civil war broke out in 1861 and he and every other member of the Cadet Company enlisted in Seward's Third, afterwards merged into the Sixteenth New York Battery I. This battery distinguished itself by its splendid execution in the taking of Fort Macon, South Carolina, in. 1862. After the surrender of that fort Colonel Ammon was in command for two months. After that most of his service was in the North, where he was regarded as one of the most efficient recruiting officers in the entire army. He served from the first call for troops in 1861 until he resigned his commission in 1864, with a brilliant record of official action and performance of duty. He held the rank of captain, and on January 10, 1864, was promoted to lieutenant colonel for gallant and meritorious service. While on a furlough from the army Colonel Ammon met Miss Mary Josephine Saxton at Oberlin, Ohio. She was a CleVeland girl. It is said of her that she was one of the handsomest young women in that section of Ohio. They were married January 9, 1863, and almost immediately after the wedding Colonel Ammon went again to the front and did not see his bride for six months. With the close of the war he and his wife went to Chicago, where he established a book store. This establishment was burned in the Chicago fire of 1871. In the meantime he had become well known in book and publishing circles, and subsequently acted as agent for Prang & Company of New York, and from that became connected with the house of Ticknor & Fields of Boston, being with that firm through its various change until 1880, when he himself became a partner in the new organization known as J. R. Osgood & Company. He sold his interests there in 1885, and the business is now continued under the name Houghton, Mifflin & Company, one of the largest publishers of standard literature in America. From 1885 to 1902 Colonel Ammon was at the head of the publishing department of Harper & Brothers. While in this position his services required much travel, and his home was in Cleveland, where his wife pre- ferred to reside. After leaving Harper & Brothers Colonel Ammon established the firm of Ammon & Mackell in New York City. They were successors to Leggett Brothers, New York. Colonel Ammon remained senior member of Ammon & Mackell until his death. Many book lovers will recall this old firm. It specialized in the handling of rare old books, but also did a general business in books of all kinds and other publications. In his home at Cleveland Colonel Ammon collected what was regarded then as one of the largest and most complete private libraries in the city. It contained over 4,000 volumes of selected works, many rare editions and handsome bindings. Most of Colonel Ammon's social connections were in New York City. He was a member of various prominent clubs there and belonged to nine dif-. ferent military organizations, the two most important being the Loyal Legion and the Old Guards of New York City. His death occurred in New York City November 28, 1904, and he was buried with military honors in Woodlawn Cemetery. Colonel Ammon was three times married. His four children by his first wife all reside in Cleveland, and are mentioned in the sketch of their mother, Mary Josephine Saxton Ammon. MARY JOSEPHINE SAXTON AMMON. Among notable Cleveland women there was perhaps none who exhibited more forcefulness of character and withal did a more splendid work 114 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS for charity than Mary Josephine Saxton Ammon. She had hosts of admirers and warm friends, and many of them did. not hesitate to say that she was eccentric. Unconventional is perhaps a better word. She was not afraid to do or say those things which her mind and spirit prompted. In her case the impulses present in every normal human being were not repressed, but found vent in action or word, and it was this prompt expression of feeling and a deep underlying sympathy which made her an unusual figure among the women of her time. She was born in 1844 at Cassopolis, Michigan, where her parents had moved in 1838. She was brought to Cleveland by her parents when about two years of age, and spent her life in this city. She died at her home, 1639 Euclid. Avenue, directly opposite Eighty-sixth Street, June 5, 1892. She was educated in the Cleveland High School and in the Female Seminary on Woodland Avenue. At the age of fourteen she taught her first term of school. At nineteen, on January 9, 1863, she became the bride of Col. J. H. Ammon, and at her death she left four children : Jay R., secretary of the Stearns Advertising Company of Cleveland; Harry Ticknor, also with the Stearns Advertising Company ; Mark Anthony, chief metallurgist with the Willys-Overland Automobile Company of Toledo; and Hattie Josephine Cowing, of Cleveland. Only a few facts and incidents can be noted to indicate the range of interests and the work of this practical philanthropist and humanitarian. She possessed a remarkable business judgment. She used her fortune in gratifying her tastes and particularly in behalf of the poor and oppressed. She was always a stanch friend of the poor. She was one of the originators of the Dorcas Society, one of the first officers of the Huron Street Hospital, and one of the founders of, the Western Reserve Club, which subsequently became merged with the Sorosis Society. At one time she managed a vineyard of over thirty acres near Collamer, and supplied the hotels of Cleveland and the general markets with grapes long after the .regular season was closed. So far as known none of her business enterprises was ever unsuccessful. She had an intense love of the outdoors and the beautiful in nature. About a year before her death she bought a tract of 150 acres east of Collamer and converted it into a park. She built a summer home, surrounding it with flowers and trees, mid no landscape gardener could have excelled her in the adaptation she made of the grounds to the uses of the beautiful and the useful. At the time of her death it was regarded as one of the most attractive spots in Northern Ohio. While so many of her good deeds are buried with her, much of the general publicity connected with her name is due to one dramatic incident. She had befriended a Miss Josephine Blann, an unmarried woman about forty-five years of age, who had been left a considerable estate. For about eighteen months Miss Blann had lived at Mrs. Ammon's house on Euclid Avenue. A court proceeding had been instituted to replevin the property belonging to Miss Blann. When the time came for her to appear in court she suddenly disappeared. Her whereabouts provided a mystery for the public officials and the newspapers for a long time. Sheriff Sawyer was served with a writ to bring Miss Blann into court. He searched Mrs. Ammon's house on Euclid Avenue from cellar to garret, likewise her summer home at Collamer, and .went all over the county and state following various dews. The search was unsuccessful. Through a writ of habeas corpus Mrs. Ammon was brought into court before Judge Hamilton. Mrs. Ammon insisted that Miss Blann had walked out of the front door of her house December 31, 1887, but when questioned as to her whereabouts replied that she did not know but had "an idea!' Judge Hamilton after several ineffectual attempts had been made to get her to divulge the "idea" committed Mrs. Ammon to the county jail for contempt until such time as she was ready to answer the question and in addition sentenced her to pay a fine of $100. Ever afterwards Mrs. Ammon said she was the first woman ever incarcerated in a jail for having an idea. The imprisonment naturally created a great sensation. That was many years before modern suffrage times when women voluntarily suffered the martyrdom of imprisonment for a cause. Hundreds of friends and sympathizers flocked to the jail and vied with each other in mitigating the severity of her punishment. Her cell was strewn with roses, furnished most luxuriantly, while her appetite was tempted with all the delicacies of the season. But even imprisonment becomes monotonous, and after forty-one days Mrs. Ammon filed an affidavit in court that she had met Miss Blann on the street December 31, 1887, and at her (Miss Blann 's) request was taken by a friend of the family to a farm house CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 115 in Chagrin Falls, Cuyahoga County, since which time she had not heard from her. Judge Hamilton then purged her of contempt and remitted the penalty. Miss Blann appeared at the appointed time absolving Mrs. Ammon of all blame. Later Mrs. Ammon caused to be constructed at her home on Euclid Avenue an exact counterpart of the cell which she had occupied in the county jail. It was this prison it experience which opened to her a new field of philanthropic endeavor. She became earnestly committed to the work of prison reform, visited the Ohio State Penitentiary several times, suggested changes for the betterment of conditions of the prisoners, and frequently gave lectures at the penitentiary. Thus she was one of the pioneers in a movement which has since become world wide and in which many of America's most prominent reformers are engaged. Religiously Mrs. Ammon was very liberal. She was impulsive. But her impulses almost invariably led her to do good and practical charity. One day a boy driving a buggy got stuck in the mud on the street. Mrs. Ammon, passing that way, dressed in silk, jumped into the vehicle and had some men standing by to lift on the wheels while she urged the horse forward. She got the buggy out of the mud. Her unconventional ways were manifested even at death. It was her desire that the newspapers should be represented at her funeral. The concourse of people who assembled to pay tribute to her memory at the grave was estimated at more than 1,000. She left special instructions for the burial. It was her request that her remains be interred in some wild, unconventional and romantic spot in Lakeview Cemetery. Mrs. Ammon was a woman of great intellectual force, and her positiveness of opinion was always accompanied with an indomitable will, a combination that gave her more than ordinary power in the wide sphere in which her life was lived. She had a striking and pleasing personality and was extremely patriotic. JEHIEL CLINTON SAXTON was not only one of the long time residents of Cuyahoga County but a man whose character for industry, integrity and square dealing made his name one of more than ordinary significance. He had lived in and around Cleveland nearly seventy-seven years. When he came here Cleveland had not more than 500 population. His death occurred at his home 1922 Euclid Avenue, January 30, 1895, and he had witnessed the growth and development through three-quarters of the century which had elapsed since the first settlement was started at Cleveland. He was born July 14, 1812, of old New England ancestry and was a native of the Green Mountain State of Vermont. His father, Captain Jehiel Saxton, came in 1818 across the country, .which was then devoid of canals or railroads, to Cuyahoga County and secured a place in the wilderness at Newburg. While the boy Jehiel was growing 'up to manhood he worked many days with his father in clearing up the land. One of the scenes of this early toil was on what is now Kinsman Road. He helped cut down trees to open up that thoroughfare. It was through the severe and rigid school of pioneer experience and many privations that he formulated those principles which guided his subsequent life to honor and usefulness. As a young man Mr. Saxton became interested in the militia. He enlisted and was made orderly sergeant of the Ohio Militia and rose in rank until he attained the post of brigadier general. He filled that office only four months, resigning to remove to Michigan. On June 27, 1837, he married Miss Emeline Axtell Morse. Soon after their marriage they removed to a new village in the woods of Southern Michigan, Cassopolis, the county seat of Cass County. That was their home for nine years. In the development of that town and county Mr. Saxton had a notable part. By experience he had learned the art of surveying. This profession he followed chiefly while at Cassopolis. He also conducted a temperance hotel there. Such a hotel was a rarity seventy or eighty years ago. .Politically he affiliated with the democrats, and was elected on that ticket to the office of county surveyor. He was an ardent opponent of slavery. When the free soil or anti-slavery party was formed he became one of its chief supporters. At the first election in Cass County at which the free soil party had a ticket, it was supported by only six votes in Cassopolis. Mr. Saxton was one of these free Boilers, and the other votes came from the Quakers who had quite a colony in that vicinity and were strenuous opponents of the institution of slavery. On account of his pronounced expression of views as a free soiler Mr. Saxton and his wife were socially ostracised, ridiculed and treated with contempt. The courage of his convictions he always possessed and such a thing as public ridicule was 116 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS insufficient to deter him from any course which he believed right and just. His home at Cassopolis became one of the stations on the famous underground railway. Many slaves were harbored there until they could be forwarded on their journey to freedom across the Canadian line. Still another distinction attaches to the residence of the Saxton family at Cassopolis. The first woman suffrage convention ever held in the State of Michigan took place at the Saxton home, and was attended by six women, including Mrs. Saxton. While in Michigan Mr. Saxton assisted in surveying the route of the first railroad line between Detroit and Chicago. In 1846 he and his wife returned to Cleveland and soon located on a farm near Newburg. Here he continued surveying and farming and by business sagacity became the owner of a large amount of real estate. From 1850 to 1860 he was county surveyor of Cuyahoga County. Among his real estate possessions was ten acres of land between Euclid Avenue and Cedar Avenue near Glen Park Place. Here in 1867 he built the first concrete stone residence in Cleveland, located on Euclid Avenue. This residence was afterwards used as The Samaritan Home. For twenty-nine years Mr. and Mrs. Saxton resided there and they then removed to a cottage built nearby. He also owned much valuable property on Euclid Avenue and other sections of the city. The third vineyard in the great lake shore grape belt was set out by Mr. Saxton at Euclid Ridge in Euclid. He also laid the first rod of pike road on Kinsman Avenue. Though his active business career closed about twenty years before his death, he was never an idle man. The habit of industry was thoroughly ingrained and he found something useful to engage his time and energy until his death. While so much of his life was spent in practical affairs he was noted as an indefatigable reader. His range of knowledge was widely extended and for a man who had grown up in the back woods and had never gone near a college as a student, he was unusually well informed. Among American statesmen he gave his greatest admiration to Abraham Lincoln. He believed in and practiced the gospel of thrift, yet he always exercised charity and justice and was especially liberal with the poor and unfortunate. But no record survives him of the many acts of kindness and helpfulness he thus rendered. He was never a professed churchman, but led an exemplary moral life, and his integrity was such that literally his word was as good as his bond. His remains are now at rest in the Lakeview Cemetery at Cleveland. His wife, Emeline Axtell Morse, was born at Jay, York County, Maine, March 18, 1821, and died at her home, 1930 Euclid Avenue, September 28, 1898, at the age of seventy-seven. She had come with her parents to Cuyahoga County in 1833, and for forty-four years she lived on Euclid Avenue. She was well fitted for companionship with such a strong and positive character as the late J. C. Saxton. She had a personality and intellectual vigor which made her notable among the women of her day, and many of the excellent characteristics of this worthy couple were inherited by their daughter Mrs. Mary Josephine Ammon. When J. C. Saxton died he was survived by seven grandchildren and three great-grandchildren, and there was one other great-grandchild when Mrs. Saxton passed away. Their four children were : Mrs. Matilda Dowling, Hawley Saxton, L. D. Saxton, and Mrs. Josephine Ammon. The grandchildren are: Mrs. Addie Arnold of St. Louis, Frank Dowling, John S. Dowling, Mrs. Hattie J. (Ammon) Cowing, J. R. Ammon, Harry Ammon and Mark A. Ammon. HATTIE JOSEPHINE AMMON COWING, a daughter of Colonel John Henry and Mary Josephine (Saxton) Ammon, elsewhere mentioned in this publication, has spent her life in Cleveland and has many interesting associations and interests in the social life of that city. She was born in Euclid Township of Cuyahoga County September 30, 1868, was educated in the local public schools, and for four years continued her education at Providence, Rhode Island. She graduated vfrom the Friends Boarding School, now known as the Moses Brown School, in 1889. On January 15, 1890, she was married at Cleveland to John Philo Cowing, a son of George and Helen D. (Hutchinson) Cowing and a grandson of Judge Moseley Hutchinson, of Cayuga. County, New York, and of John Philo Cowing of Seneca Falls, New York. Mr. Cowling is a mechanical engineer, and has gained distinction as one of the most expert bridge builders in the United States. He is now living in Chicago. Mrs. Cowing is the mother of two sons. John Ammon Cowing, born November 17, 1890, in Cleveland, was educated in the Cleve- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 117 land public schools, in the Culver Military Academy at Culver, Indiana, and is a metal-. lurgist by profession. He is a member of the Culver Alumni. Jay Clinton Cowing, the second son, was born July 13, 1892, and was educated in the Cleveland public schools. For many years Mrs. Cowing has been active in club affairs in Cleveland. She is a former president of the Cleveland Emerson Class. For over twenty-four years she has been active in the Western Reserve Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution. For six years as chairman she had charge of the work of marking the graves of Revolutionary soldiers. She was the first registrar and for three years held that office in the Commodore Perry Chapter United States Daughters of 1812. The marking of graves was also part of her work with that order. For four years she was state registrar of the United States Daughters of 1812 of the State of Ohio. She is a stockholder in the Woman's Club of Cleveland. She was formerly a member of Emanuel Episcopal Church and was a charter member of the Church of the Epiphany of the Reformed Episcopal Church. She also belongs to the organization known as the Guardians of the Flag and Early Settlers Association. In her home at 1892 Knowles Avenue Mrs. Cowing preserves many interesting papers and documents as valued heirlooms. These contain a number of old papers and letters with original signatures, some colonial candlesticks which have been handed down to her through more than 300 years, and she also has a gun which saw service during Shay's Rebellion and in the War of 1812 and which was carried by Lieut. Nathan Morse. One article which has special interest is a tinder box, which was carried through the Revolution by her ancestor Capt. Samuel Stewart, grandfather of her grandfather. This Revolutionary patriot is buried at Royalton, Ohio. The tinder box was at the battle of Bunker Hill and was afterwards on the plains of Quebec where the gallant Montgomery fell. Mrs. Cowling has an original letter written and signed by George Washington. History, and especially early American history, has been a subject in which Mrs. Cowing has pursued her researches far and wide, and she has the equipment of the true historian, having a remarkable memory for dates and facts and has a splendid reference library which enables her to pursue this vocation in the privacy of her own home. WEBB C. BALL was born in Knox County, Ohio, and educated in the public schools of that county. His father being a farmer, the boy learned to handle the somewhat crude farm implements of that day, but this machinery did not satisfy his inclinations for mechanics of a higher grade and finer type. His was undoubtedly the natural genius which has given America some of the greatest of world's experts in the field of mechanical invention. The result was that Webb C. Ball was soon apprenticed to a watch maker and jeweler for a term of four years. The schedule fixed his wages at $1 a week for the first two years, while during the third and fourth years he was to receive $7 a week. Thus he was put to work in handling the tools and repairing the delicate machinery of watch and clock mechanism.' Mr. Ball has been in the jewelry business since May 13, 1869. From 1875 to 1879 he was business manager of the Dueber Watch Case Manufacturing Company, whose plant was then located in Cincinnati. This is now a part of the great Dueber-Hampton Watch Company of Canton, Ohio. On March 19, 1879, Mr. Ball established himself in business at Cleveland. The site of his first shop was Superior Street, corner of Seneca. He was in that location thirty-two years. The Webb C. Ball Company, of which he is president, is now located in the Ball Building on Euclid Avenue. Beginning business in Cleveland with a very limited capital, his shop consisted of two show cases and a work bench on one side of the room. There was a steady increase in the business both in quality and volume. In 1891 a stock company was formed. Prior to that Mr. Ball had been sole owner and manager of the business. The Webb C. Ball Company was incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio with a paid up capital of a $100,000. For several years Mr. Ball was manager and treasurer of the company, after which he became president. During 1894-95-96 he was associated with the Hamilton Watch Company at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, as vice, president, director and mechanical expert. As a jewelry house the Webb C. Ball Company is one of the largest in the Middle West, but as the home of railroad standard watches it is without doubt the greatest watch business in America. Mr. Ball has devoted practically his entire life to originating and improving watch mechanism, adapting it to every test and requirement of railroad service. He has improved CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 119 railroad watch movements and many invented appliances used in their construction. His business is both a wholesale and retail jewelry house, and the fame of the firm is by no means confined to the United States but extends throughout Canada and Mexico. The occasion which prompted him to the development of that great service which is his chief contribution to American railroad life was a tragedy. On April 19, 1891, there occurred a collision on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad between a government fast mail train and an accommodation train. The engineers and firemen of both engines and nine United States postal clerks lost their lives. Investigations and trials followed by the public authorities. In these trails Mr. Ball was frequently called upon for expert testimony. It was finally proved that the accident was due to defective watches in the hands of the trainmen in charge of the accommodation train. Mr. Ball, as a recognized expert on watch construction, was soon afterward authorized to prepare a plan of inspection and investigate conditions on the Lake Shore lines. Those who are in any way familiar with the efficient system of watch and clock time regulation now in use on practically all railroads of the country will be interested at the results of Mr. Ball's personal investigations. He discovered that no uniformity existed or was supposed to be essential in trainmen's watches. Watches were of any make which the owner wished to use. The clocks in roundhouses and dispatcher's offices were seldom regulated to any uniform schedule. After this careful study and investigation Mr. Ball evolved a plan of inspection and time comparison for the watches used by railway employees and for the standard clocks as well. This plan provides that watches of standard grades must be carried by men in charge of trains. No discrimination is permitted against any watch factory provided its products meet the requirements. There are now seven leading watch factories whose watches are accepted under the uniform standard inspection rule. Thus Mr. Ball was responsible for the establishment of the first watch inspection service on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway in 1891, and since then that service has been extended to include the New York Central and all other Vanderbilt lines, the Illinois Central, the Rock Island and Frisco systems, the Union Pacific, Southern Pacific Oregon Short Line, the Nashville, Chattanooga and St. Louis, Missouri, Kansas City and Texas, El Paso and Southwestern, Sun Set Central lines, Western Pacific Railway, Lehigh Valley Railway, Boston and Albany, New York, New Haven and Hartford Railroad. Fully seventy-five per cent of the railroads throughout the country employ the system of inspection instituted by Mr. Ball. As a result of that system thousands of lives have been saved, the general efficiency of railroad operation has been promoted, and a vast volume of railroad property has been conserved. The main office of this extensive inspection service is located at Cleveland and local inspectors are appointed at division points along the various railway lines. To these local inspectors trainmen must report every two weeks for time comparison. They are furnished with a clearance card certificate which must record any variation in their watches, the limit being thirty seconds per week. If anything is found amiss the trainman must secure a standard loaner watch and leave his own for adjustment. These loaned watches are furnished without expense to the trainmen. By this card system a perfect record is kept and the trainmen cheerfully comply, as it safeguards the service and themselves as well. The Ball inspection service requires a large office force in Cleveland, Chicago, San Francisco and Winnipeg, with a number of traveling assistants. The railroad lines in eastern and central districts are administered from the Cleveland offices while the railroads in the Chicago, middle western and southern. districts are administered from the Chicago office, the Pacific lines from the San Francisco office, and from the Winnipeg office the Canadian Railroad lines are handled. Correct records of all the watches carried by the employes of the different railroads are on file in one or other of these offices. Today the name "Ball" is a synonym for accuracy in construction of railroad watches throughout the entire country. In this field Mr. Ball's ingenuity and mechanical skill have a free play. He made a special study of the requirement of railroad men in the matter of timepieces and has been able to keep abreast of the marvelous strides of recent years in railroad speed and equipment. His genius as an inventor has produced several distinct watch movements, covered by his own patents and trade marks, and each adapted to fulfill the requirements of their users. Many times Mr. Ball has been referred to in recent CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 115 years as "the man who holds a watch on one hundred seventy-five thousand miles of railroad and also as "the time and watch expert." Besides his noteworthy place among Cleveland citizens as a business man Mr. Ball is a charter member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, a member of the Union Club and Advertising Club, a director of the Cleveland Convention Board five years and its president in 1902. In politics he is a republican. Mr. Ball was married in 1879 to Miss Florence I. Young, of Kenton, Ohio. They have one son and three daughters. In August, 1913, Mr. Ball established a wholesale watch and jewelry business in Chicago, known as the Norris-Alister-Ball Company, with his son Sidney Y. Ball as president. Branches have since been opened in San Francisco, California; Portland, Oregon; Winnipeg, Manitoba; Birmingham, Alabama; Cleveland, Ohio; and Syracuse, New York. THE WEBB C. BALL COMPANY is a great business institution. As is true of every great business its primary principle and object is service. The company not only sells merchandise, but supplies an indispensable service in more fields than one. It is a composite organization. In fact few people of Cleveland appreciate the magnitude of the work that goes on and is directed from the offices of the Ball organization in the Ball Building on Euclid Avenue. There are four distinct departments. It is the home of the Ball Railroad Standard Watch, of the Ball Watch Company, of the Ball retail jewelry store and of the Ball system of railroad watch inspection. All of these services have a personality behind them. That personality is Mr. Webb C. Ball, whose interesting career and achievements are the subject of another article on other pages of this publication. Like other great business men Mr. Ball has not depended entirely upon his own energies. He has built up a great business around the loyalty and faithful cooperation of men and women who have made special studies of their particular line and who have found it profitable and pleasant to stay with the organization for years. It is for the purpose of furnishing some additional facts concerning this company and noting some of the major personalities involved besides Mr. Ball that the present article is written. In the production of the Ball railroad standard watch the superintendent and head of the mechanical department for the adjusting and finishing of these watches is Mr. L. N. Cobb, who has beenconnected with the com- pany since 1889. Mr. Cobb is a man of enthusiasm as well as an expert in his particular field. He has made his department a marvel ofefficiency and has introduced some new principles of, shop management. In many watch factories it is customary to furnish each workman with a small equipment of tools valued at perhaps $10 to $20, while in the depart. ment supervised by Mr. Cobb each man has a complete set of individual tools valued at from $500 to $3,500. Of the requirements maintained for efficient service in this department some interesting facts have been furnished by Mr. Cobb. "The very efficiency of a watch-adjusting establishment," he says, "depends on the length of service of the watchmaker or adjustor. Before a man can reach a position to be of real value in this work he must have served with close study for at. least five years. Then he has much to learn in regard to adjustment for heat, cold and position, that only experience can teach him. In this department we have a staff of men and women who have been with us for years and who are thoroughly skilled." The assistant superintendent of this department is C. P. Gerdum, with thirty-five or more of other expert finishers and adjustors. Miss Mary Foot has kept the shop records and she is an expert statistician. One of the chief men connected with this department as well as with others is Mr. H. L. Mowatt, who has been identified with the Ball organization for thirty years. He was largely responsible for making the Ball watch known all over the United States, Canada and Mexico. He spent several years introducing the Ball railroad standard watches and clocks on the railroad lines in Mexico. The retail store at Cleveland has been under the able management of Mr. W. S. Gaines for the past thirty years. Mr. Gaines is one of the best known local jewelers of the city. While he is a veteran in the work Mr. Ball has many other capable assistants who have been with him for years. Mr. Gaines is head of the diamond department in the retail store, and his assistant is H. R. Avery. The head of the watch sales and clock departments is F. G. Story; George A. Sheakley has charge of the watch repair department; W. G. Edwards and Louise Montgomery, of the silverware department; Miss Catherine O'Neill, of the gold jewelry department; and E. T. Hastings, of 120 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the accounting department. Of the retail store conducted under the name the Webb C. Ball Company Mr. Webb C. Ball is president; R. J. Gross, vice president; W. S. Bowler, secretary, while other directors are F. I. Ball and S. Y. Ball. The members of the retail department take special pride in the remarkable growth of this institution, and some of them were connected with the store in its early days when it was started in one side of a small millinery store on Lower Superior Avenue at the corner of West Third Street. The store has been in the Ball Building since November, 1910, and now occupies three floors. Several years ago Mr. Ball branched out into the wholesale railroad watch business. The rapid growth of this enterprise necessitated constant changes and additions. In 1913 Mr. Ball bought the long established NorrisAlister Company, a wholesale jewelry house of Chicago, and consolidated the wholesale railroad watch business of Cleveland with the Chicago house and changed the name to the Norris-Alister-Ball Company. It is incorporated under Ohio laws, and Sidney Y. Ball, a son of Mr. Webb C. Ball, is president. The headquarters of the wholesale business are now on the ninth and tenth floors of the Garland Building, corner of Washington Street and Wabash Avenue in Chicago. Under the direction of Sidney Y. Ball this has now grown to be the largest wholesale distributing house of railroad standard watches in the United States. It also stands on equal footing with many other large companies in the importation of diamonds, the distribution of clocks, silverware, tools, optical goods, etc. Mr. Webb C. Ball is chairman of the board of directors of this wholesale company, with his son as president, R. J. Gross, vice president, C. H. Spencer, general manager, H. F. Taber, treasurer and secretary. The company employs about twenty traveling salesmen, covering the entire United States, with branches in San Francisco; Portland, Oregon ; Birmingham, Alabama; Syracuse, New York ; and Winnipeg, Manitoba. How it was that Mr. Webb C. Ball inaugurated and became the pioneer of watch and clock inspection system for American railroads has been told elsewhere. This inspection system now requires a large and efficient organization and is a great institution by itself. As a result of the watch inspection system the railroad standard watch is now regarded everywhere as the standard authority and source of correct time. Every day in the year thousands of people set their watches to correspond with the timepieces of railroad men. The Ball watch inspection system has on duty local watch inspectors on every railroad division and also maintains general offices in Cleveland, Chicago, San Francisco and Winnipeg, Canada. While the main headquarters of this service are in Cleveland, the service' itself is separate from the wholesale or retail departments or watch making business of the Ball Company. The assistant general time inspector is Mr. H. L. Mowatt, together with F. A. Tinkler and H. J. Cowell. Mr. Cowell, who holds the post of cashier, is one of Mr. Ball's oldest associates. The manager and assistant general time inspector at the Chicago office maintained in the Railway Exchange Building is W. F. Hayes, with L. L. Doty as assistant. Stanley A. Pope is manager and assistant general time inspector in the San Francisco office, while the office at Winnipeg is managed by 0. H. Pyper, assistant general time inspector. In front of the Ball Building on Euclid Avenue stands a large bronze street clock. When the name The Webb C. Ball Company is read above the clock face, the mechanism takes on added significance, especially when the facts herein stated are considered, and time itself and its regulations has a meaning that is seldom realized by the average person whose daily routine and movements must conform to a less strict standard than is required of the great railway companies. JUDGE WILLIAM LOUIS DAY. Perhaps no family of Ohio has furnished more distinguished and capable men to the life and affairs of the state and nation than the Day family. William Louis Day is one of the younger generation. His home has been in Cleveland for a number of years, where he attended to his duties as United States District Judge, and where he is now actively engaged in private practice. Judge Day is a son of Judge William R. Day and Mary E. Schaefer, his wife. While his father is now an associate justice of the United States Supreme Court, and for twenty years has been one of America's most distinguished men, his career was in many ways associated with Cleveland and for that reason this publication includes a sketch of his life. Justice Day's wife died at Canton, Ohio, January 5, 1912. William Louis Day was born at Canton, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 121 Stark County, Ohio, August 13, 1876. He received his early education in the public schools of Canton, took his preparatory work in the Williston Seminary at Easthampton, Massachusetts, where he graduated in 1896, and in the following year entered the law department of the University of Michigan, where he was granted his degree Bachelor of Laws in 1900. In the same year he was admitted to the Ohio bar and at once took up private practice at Canton. He was junior member of the prominent law firm of Lynch, Day & Day. In 1906 he was elected City Solicitor at Canton, and after the close of his first term was reelected, but in March, 1908, resigned to take up his duties as United States District Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio. He was appointed to this position by President Roosevelt. He served as district attorney from 1908 to 1911. On May 13, 1911, he was elevated to the United States District Bench, attending court largely in Cleveland and since then his home has been in that city. On May 1, 1914, Judge Day resigned from the district bench to take up the private practice of law. His offices are in. the Leader-News Building. Judge Day is now practicing as a member of the old and prominent law firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey. Thus before he was forty years of age Judge Day filled offices which have always been regarded as the crowning distinctions of the legal profession, and he has added not a little to the prestige which the family name bears in Ohio. Before his appointment as United States district attorney he was very active in republican party affairs, especially in the Eighteenth Ohio Congressional District. Judge Day is a member of the Hermit, Nisi Prins, and Cleveland Athletic Club, also the Union Club, the University Club, the Country Club, and the City Club. On September 10, 1902, he married Miss Elizabeth E. McKay, of Caro, Michigan. She is a daughter of Hon. William McKay. Judge and Mrs. Day have one son and one daughter, William R., born in 1904, and Jean Cameron, born in 1910. JUDGE CHARLES D. CHAMBERLIN, a lawyer and for years engaged in handling much business before the Federal courts, is most widely known in the oil industry as secretary and general counsel of The National Petroleum Association, the headquarters of which association are in The Guardian Building at Cleveland. This association is an organization of nearly all the independent refiners of petroleum east of the Rocky Mountains in the United States. These companies, numbering fifty or more, have their larger and mutual interests all concentrated in The National Petroleum Association, which is for that reason an organization of great power and influence in the oil industry. Mr. Chamberlin is a native of Cuyahoga County and represents some very old families in this section. He was born at Warrensville October 8, 1854, the only child of Charles D. and Rosetta H. (Marks) Chamberlin. His grandfather Chamberlin was a Connecticut Yankee and came from Wethersfield, Connecticut, in 1828 and was a pioneer settler in Bedford Township of Cuyahoga County. He was a farmer there, and subsequently moved to Warresville. Charles D. Chamberlin, Sr., was a native of Bedford Township, while his wife was born in Newburg Township of this county, where they were married. In 1856 Grandfather Chamberlin and Charles D. with wife and child, started westward in a covered wagon of the type of the old prairie schooner and located in the vicinity of Des Moines, Iowa. It was a journey which ended tragically for the family, since both the grandfather and the father died there in the same year. The widowed mother then returned with her only child, Charles D. Chamberlin, and lived with her father, Nehemiah Marks in Newbury Township until her marriage in 1859 to Addison Halladay. She then removed to Clinton in Lenawee County, Michigan, where her death occurred in 1904, at the age of seventy-four. Her father, Nehemiah Marks, was also an early settler in Cuyahoga County, coming from Wethersfield, Connecticut, and locating in Newburg Township in 1826. He spent his life on the farm which he had first settled. Mr. Chamberlin's father was only twenty-six years of age when he died in Iowa. Mr. Chamberlin has three half-brothers Cebert M., Oscar H. and Herman H. Halladay, all of whom are farmers. Herman is president of the State Livestock Sanitary Commission of Michigan. Until he was about seventeen years of age Charles D. Chamberlin lived with his mother in Clinton, Michigan. He attended the high school there, and on leaving home he began teaching at his birthplace in. Warrensville, Ohio. He taught the district schoollong known as the "Old Beehive." He continued 122 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS teaching in this county in different schools at Newburg, Solon, Bedford and Warrensville altogether for ten years. In 1880 Mr. Chamberlin hired out to a schoolbook publishing house of New York under Alexander Forbes, formerly superintendent of the Cleveland Normal. He worked under Mr. Forbes three years, with Cleveland as his headquarters, and traveled all over the state introducing schoolbooks. Few successful men have had a larger range of experience than Mr. Chamberlin. After leaving the schoolbook firm he was in the grocery business at Bedford four years and from that went into the oil industry under the partnership name of the Buckeye Oil Company, with offices in Cleveland. In 1887 he became connected with the Eagle Refining Company of Lima, but with offices in Cleveland, and was president of that company until 1890, when he sold his interests. The following three years were spent with the Peerless Refining Company at Findlay. Then in 1893 he became a chair manufacturer at Ravenna, Ohio, and was in active charge of the industry in that city until 1901. On resuming his relations with the oil industry he was for a time with the Globe Oil Company of Cleveland, but retired in 1905. While engaged in active business affairs Mr. Chamberlin was also preparing for the bar by private study and was admitted in 1906 and has since been licensed to practice before the State Supreme Court and the Federal District and United States Supreme courts and other Federal tribunals. In 1905 he took his present position as general counsel to The National Petroleum Association and has given his best time and energies to handling the many important interests of this organization. He also handles a private practice, chiefly cases before the Interstate Commerce Commission and the Federal courts. Mr. Chamberlin is a republican in politics. He is a charter member of Heights Lodge No. 633, Free and Accepted Masons, also a charter member of the Royal Arch Chapter and is a charter member of Woodward Council, Royal and Select Masters. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Bar Association. His favorite diversion is fishing. Every year he spends a couple of months at his summer cottage on Wamplers Lake in Lenawee County, Michigan. His home at Cleveland is at 1789 Wilton Road in Cleveland Heights. On October 12, 1873, at the age of nineteen, Mr. Chamberlin married at Bedford, Ohio, Estella V. Tryon, daughter of Daniel and Phila (King) Tryon. Her people were pioneers around Bedford. Her father was born in Connecticut and her mother in Cuyahoga County and after their marriage at Bedford they lived on a farm the rest of their years. Mrs. Chamberlin was born and educated in Bedford and since her marriage has sought no interests outside her home and family. They are the parents of three children : William C., the oldest, is a graduate of the Bedford High School, was born in that village, also attended the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, and is now in the photographic supply business, The Kamera Kraft Shoppe at East One Hundred and Fifth Street and Euclid Avenue. Alpha Bertine, who was born in Bedford and finished her education in the Ravenna High School, is the wife of James M. McCleary of Cleveland. Mr. McCleary is connected with the Lander Engineering Company. He is a graduate of Western Reserve University and for twelve years was county engineer of. Cuyahoga County and during that time built nearly all the brick roads in the county outside of Cleveland. Carl D., the youngest child, was born in Ravenna, was educated at Bedford and Cleveland Heights High School and is now a contractor at Cleveland. Mr. Chamberlin has had many wide and interesting associations with men of affairs both in this country and elsewhere. To promote the interests of The Petroleum Association he went abroad in 1913, spending some time in Germany, and while there he was called upon to deliver an address before the Reichstag, his speech being interpreted by a professor of English in a German University. COL. JAMES W. CONGER, merchant, manufacturer, real estate man, and one of Ohio's veteran soldiers, has had a long and interesting life and is identified with Cleveland by many prominent associations. His birth occurred in Washington County, Pennsylvania, August 6, 1845. His parents were William Henry Harrison and Martha (Auld) Conger, the latter dying when Colonel Conger was thirteen months old and the former when the son was six years of age. His paternal ancestors came out of Northumberland, England, and have lived in America upwards of three centuries. The old home was at Morristown, New Jersey. Colonel Conger's grandfather moved from there to Washington County, Pennsylvania, in 1796. William CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 123 Henry Harrison Conger was also a native of Washington County, and spent his life as a farmer and stock raiser. His wife, Martha Auld, was a native of Pennsylvania. Her father, Archibald Auld, was born in the north of Ireland of Scotch descent, and both he and his wife, Rebecca Carroll, were brought to America as children. At the age of seven years James W. Conger went to Mount Gilead, Morrow County, Ohio, to make his home with his grandfather Archibald Auld, who was then farming in that locality. Here he attended district schools, and between the ages of eleven and sixteen assisted his aged grandfather on the farm. In September, 1861, at the age of sixteen, he enlisted as a member of Company B of the Forty ;third Ohio Infantry, and was in continuous service until July, 1865. He veteranized and re-enlisted for a second three year term in December, 1863. During the latter part of his service he was quartermaster sergeant. He was in the armies of the West, went with Sherman to the sea, was at the surrender of General Johnston in North Carolina, and marched with Sherman's great army in the Grand Review at Washington. He was given his honorable discharge at Louisville, Kentucky, in July, 1865. Through his entire service he was never in a hospital or absent from his regiment for a day. He has always taken a keen interest in Grand Army matters, and assisted in preparing a history of Fuller's Ohio Brigade, of which he was a member. The long business association which he has enjoyed with his cousin, David Auld, was .practically formed in 1862. At the battle of Corinth David Auld drew a sketch of the battlefield and he and Mr. Conger entered upon a business agreement as a result of which. they had the sketch lithographed and sold many copies of it. This drawing was used by General Roseerans in his book "Battles and Leaders." When Mr. Conger returned home after the war his grandfather had gone West and he then entered a business college at Columbus and completed the course. In the meantime he had made his home with an uncle. In 1867 he and others formed a corporation under the name Columbus Steam Brick Company, and there established the first steam brick plant in the state. They sold this business a year later and Colonel Conger then entered the office of his uncle, an architect and building contractor. In 1870 he formed an active partnership with David Auld and engaged in general contracting. at Columbus. In the fall of that year they took a contract for one of the largest churches at Steubenville, Ohio, moving to that town. They also established a brick plant at Steubenville, and their business as contractors developed until they were handling slate roofing and jobbing contracts throughout the state. In 1873 Mr. Conger and Mr. Auld moved to Cleveland and established in this city the largest slate jobbing business in Ohio. In 1885, to supply their raw material, they acquired a quarry in Poultney, Vermont, and afterwards in Northampton County, Pennsylvania. The firm of Auld & Conger Company was developed to one of the chief manufacturers and dealers in roofing, slate, grates, mantels and tiles in the country. Though more than half a century has elapsed since the Civil war Colonel Conger is still carrying a heavy weight of responsibilities and business affairs. He is president and treasurer of the Auicon Building Company, vice president and treasurer of the Bangor Building Company, vice president of the Greenleaf Realty Company, and president of the Conger-Helper Realty Company, with offices in the Garfield Building. Colonel Conger hEis given much of his time and means to politics, though never as an office seeker or for the sake of individual honor. He was presidential elector in 1896 and in 1912 was chosen a delegate to the Republican National Convention, later was appointed a delegate to the Progressive National Convention and was chairman of the committee who notified Theodore Roosevelt of his nomination. As elector at large he headed the state progressive ticket of that year. Colonel Conger is a." trustee of the Pulte Medical College, a trustee of the Calvary Presbyterian Church, and has membership with the Grand Army of the Republic, the Colonial Club, of which lie was one of the organizers ; Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Civic League, and is chairman of the Exemption Board of District No. 14 at Cleveland, being the only Civil war veteran in the entire city and county to have that honor. He was also a member of the various Masonic bodies. Fishing is his chief source of recreation, and he is a large, athletic man, splendidly preserved for all the weight of his years, and in character and achievement is one of the front rank of Cleveland's citizens. In 1869, at Columbus, Ohio, he married Miss Anna M. Higgins. She died at Cleveland CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 125 February 11, 1912, the mother of two sons and a daughter, Mrs. L. J. Braddock, of Chicago, wife of the assistant manager of the Insurance Company of North America, the oldest insurance company in the country; Frank H., an active real estate man of Cleveland; and Howard, who was lost off a steamer going from Washington, D. C., to New York City on October 11, 1911. On November 18, 1914, Mr. Conger married Miss Maude A. Miller, of Cleveland, Ohio. They went to the Orient on their honeymoon and were in a shipwreck on the Japanese Sea, April 11, 1910, and were taken off the ship on life boats. DUDLEY P. ALLEN, M. D. The late Dr. Dudley P. Allen, whose death occurred in New York City January 6, 1915, following a brief illness, was for many years a physician and surgeon of distinction and ability in Cleveland. Doctor Allen possessed and exercised many qualities of mind and manhood which. his community could ill afford to lose. He stood for the finer things of life, and was not only prominent in his profession but a gentleman of the highest type and a social leader in the best sense of the term. His name and career are especially linked with the history and growth of Lakeside Hospital and the medical department of Western Reserve University. Death came to him before he was sixty-three years of age. He was born at Kinsman, Ohio, March 25, 1852. It was perhaps only natural that he should have made medicine the choice of his profession, since his father, Dr. Dudley Allen, Sr., and also his grandfather, Dr. Peter Allen, were physicians. When the late Doctor Allen was twelve years of age his parents removed to Oberlin, where he spent his early life. He graduated A. B. from Oberlin College in 1875, and received the degree of Master of Arts from the same institution in 1883. His medical studies were pursued in Harvard Medical School, where he graduated in 1879. Subsequently he did four years of post-graduate work in Europe, attending the famous universities at Freiburg, Berlin, Vienna, Leipsic and London. After his return from abroad Doctor Allen located in Cleveland, and almost from the first his services were identified with the educational side of medicine. He became connected with the Western Reserve Medical College in 1884, and was lecturer on surgery until 1890. In 1893 he became professor of the theory and practice of surgery and clinical surgery in the Medical College, a chair he filled with credit untild 1910. In that time almost an entire generation of young physicians had passed before him in the class room and had gone out better prepared for effectual service because of his instruction and kindly counsel. In 1910 and 1911 Doctor Allen was professor emeritus of surgery in the Western Reserve Medical College, and in 1911 became senior professor of surgery. His work was especially appreciated as visiting surgeon at Lakeside Hospital, and it was a matter of general regret among his associates when he resigned that position four years before his death. On resigning Doctor Allen presented his large and well selected medical library to the Cleveland Medical Library Association. After resigning his position as visiting surgeon at the hospital and his professorship in the Medical School in 1911 he practically retired and about three years before his death went to live in New York City, though he still retained his home on Mayfield Road, Southeast; in Cleveland. The simple services that marked the funeral rites were held in that home, and he was laid to rest in Lakeview Cemetery. The members of the medical profession knew Doctor Allen as the author of several conspicuous works on subjects relating to surgery. Among the high professional honors he enjoyed was that of president of the American Surgical Association in 1906-7, following three years' service as secretary of that association. His active interest in Oberlin College did not cease with his graduation, and he was a trustee of the college from 1898 until the. time of his death, and in 1908 that institution conferred upon him the honorary degree LL. D. He was also a trustee of the Cleveland Museum of Arts and the Western Reserve Historical Society, was an elder of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cleveland, and had membership in the Union Club, the University Club, the Rowfant Club, the Mayfield Club and the Country Club, all of Cleveland. On August 4, 1892, Doctor Allen married Miss Elisabeth S. Severance, daughter of the late L. H. Severance, a prominent Cleveland man elsewhere referred to in these pages. WARREN JAMES BRODIE, a resident of Cleveland nearly thirty years, has enjoyed many of those fine distinctions of business life which are associated with perfect integrity of character, singular fidelity to duty and the quiet efficiency of performance which look not so CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 125 much to the conspicuous rewards of success as to definite results year in and year out. Mr. Brodie was born in Rochester, New York, April 27, 1863, and was liberally educated in the State Normal School at Geneseo, New York, and in Rutgers College, from which he received the bachelor of science degree. Mr. Brodie became a clerk with The • Standard Oil Company in 1889, but his chief service has been in positions of confidential capacity. He was private secretary to L. H. Severance until his death, and is now secretary for his son, John L. Severance, his daughter, Mrs. Dudley P. Allen, and for Charles F. Brush of Cleveland. In the meantime Mr. Brodie has also acquired individual relations of importance with Cleveland business affairs. He is a director, secretary and treasurer of The Cleveland Arcade Company, of The Arcade Service Company, and is a director of The Linde Air Products Company and The Colonial Salt Company. Mr. Brodie is a republican, is a member of the Zeta Psi Greek college fraternity, holds affiliations with Genesee Lodge No. 214, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Geneseo, New York, and is a member of the Union Club, University Club, Cleveland Yacht Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and the Garfield-Perry Stamp Club, all of Cleveland. Mr. Brodie is unmarried. He is an active member of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cleveland. Many of the enviable qualities that have distinguished his life in Cleveland are a matter of inheritance from his father, the late William A. Brodie, who at the time of his death on May 10, 1917, was accorded the merited distinction of being the foremost citizen of Geneseo, New York, where most of his life was spent. Warren James Brodie was the only child of William A. Brodie by his marriage to Miss Laura Diver. The mother died in 1885. The late William A. Brodie was born at Kilbarchan, Scotland, August 9, 1841, a son of William and Mary (Wilson) Brodie, and was past seventy-five years of age at the time of his death. On July 5, 1843, his parents came to this country, locating at Rochester, where his father followed the trade of carpenter. William A., the oldest of five children, attended the public schools of Rochester and at the age of fourteen became an errand boy in a dry goods store. He rose to the position of cashier and bookkeeper with this firm, and in May, 1863, accepted a position in the office of Gen. James S. Wadsworth at Geneseo. Mr. Brodie was connected with General Wadsworth and with the executors of his estate for about ten years, and after that occupied a similar position with the William W. Wadsworth estate for about ten years. He was then general agent for William A. and his brother Herbert Wadsworth in the management of their large estate and was also general agent for several of the younger generation of the Wadsworth family. It was in such positions that his best service in a business way was performed. He did his work with infinite care and precision, reflecting credit upon those who entrusted him with their affairs. Besides the numerous positions of trust which he filled, including some of a public character, he was president of The Geneseo Gas Light Company for twenty-three years and in 1898 became director and in 1915 vice president of The Genesee Valley National Bank. It is said that no citizen of Geneseo held so many positions involving heairy responsibilities and without remuneration as the late William A. Brodie. He was secretary-treasurer of the Wadsworth Library, was secretary of the Chapel Hill Association and member of the executive board of the William Pryor Letchworth Memorial Association. William A. Brodie was one of the men responsible for the establishment at Geneseo of the State Normal School, and it is said that his relationship meant much more than that of a business man. He came into close personal touch with the student body, almost as much so as the members of the faculty of instruction. He was appointed a member of the local board of trustees in 1887, served as its secretary, and for several years as president. He cast his first presidential vote for Lincoln in 1864 and was always a stanch republican. He was clerk of the village of Geneseo, and served as county treasurer of Livingston County five consecutive terms, from 1878 to 1893. He was also sewer commissioner of Geneseo. Another interest was his active membership in the Livingston County Historical Society, with which he was identified almost from its origin, as its president in 1890 and for a long period of years as its secretary-treasurer. He was one of New York State's most distinguished Masons. In 1863 he became a mem ber of Geneseo Lodge No. 214, and was its worshipful master eight terms. He attended the Grand Lodge as junior warden of his local lodge in 1866, and subsequently filled 126 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS positions as district deputy, grand steward, junior grand warden, senior grand warden, deputy grand master and became grand master in 1884. In this last position he laid the cornerstone of the pedestal of the Bartholdi Statue of Liberty in New York Harbor and in the following year assisted in similar ceremonies at the Washington Monument in Washington, District of Columbia. In 1885 the supreme, honorary, thirty-third degree of the Scottish Rite was conferred upon him. Only the evening before his death he conducted the prayer meeting of the Presbyterian Church of Geneseo. That church and religious interests in general without doubt represented the acme of his life's efforts. He had been elected senior member of the church in 1867 and filled that position practically fifty years and was clerk of the session forty-nine years. He was a delegate to many church assemblies, including one general assembly at Los Angeles, and was a delegate to the Pan-Presbyterian Alliance at Liverpool in 1904 and at Aberdeen, Scotland, in 1913. He was also superintendent of the Sunday school several years and at the time of his death was teacher of a class of 100 men. He married April 16, 1862, Miss Laura A. Diver, who died in 1885, and in 1889 he married Miss Martha A. Woodbury, of Royalston, Massachusetts, who had been a member of the Normal faculty at Geneseo. The only child of William A. Brodie by either marriage was Warren James Brodie of Cleveland. In summing up some of the results of this long and active career an old friend and associate wrote: "He was truly Geneseo's foremost citizen, and yet he would have been the first to deny it. Always retiring in nature, he made his presence felt by the kindliness of his personality, the uprightness of his character, the wisdom of his advice and the dignity of his bearing. Charles Dickens when making his last visit to this country gave to a school of boys in Boston this pithy advice : `Boys just do all the good you can and don't make any fuss about it.' This advice admirably illustrates and illumines the ruling passion of Brother Brodie's many activities. Geneseo can ill afford the loss that it has suffered in his death. He has left a place that cannot be filled by any one man. Many hands will have to take up the labors that he has laid down forever. Whether the work is done as well as he did it remains to be seen. His trusts were all carried out with conscientious care and left in a condition where they could be continued easily by his successor. His was an example for all to follow." JOHN ATEN ELDEN. It is a versatile mind and energy which would attain so many influential connections as John A. Elden has acquired in Cleveland since his admission to the bar three years ago. Mr. Elden has a large practice as an attorney, with offices in the Williamson Building, and is a member of several business corporations, is influential as a republican leader and well known in the social and fraternal life of the city. He was born at East Liverpool, Ohio, April 3, 1891. He was the, older of the two children of Enoch and Mary (Aten) Elden. In the maternal line he is the eighth successive John Aten. The Aten family came to the United States in 1732 and were French Huguenots. Mary Aten was born at East Liverpool and her family were pioneers in Eastern Ohio and the Atens have occupied and owned the same home in East Liverpool for four generations. She died in 1898. Enoch Elden is also a native of East Liverpool and of English descent. For many years he was a merchant, banker and real estate dealer, but since 1912 has lived retired from active business responsibilities, his home being at East Liverpool. John A. Elden's only sister, Adeline S., was graduated from the East Liverpool High School in 1914 and is now a sophomore in Wooster University. Mr. Elden finished his public school course at East Liverpool, graduating from high school in 1907, and during the following year was a student in the Virginia Military Institute. In 1908, coming to Cleveland, he entered the Western Reserve University, and completed the classical course and received the degree of Bachelor of Arts from Adelbert College in 1912. His law studies were continued in the Western Reserve University School, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Law in 1914 and was admitted to the Ohio bar in June of the same year. Since beginning practice at Cleveland Mr. Elden has specialized in corporation and promotion law, though he handleg a general practice. Among his business interests he is president and director of the Economy Investment Company of Cleveland, is president of the Enoch Elden Company of Liverpool, secretary and director of the Ohio Fabric Company of Cleveland, a director of the Clark Savings CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 127 Company of Cleveland, director of the Borse Realty Company of Cleveland, and director of the McCall Construction Company of this city. For some years he has been a leading young republican of Cleveland. In 1914 he was candidate on that ticket for state representative and in 1916 was nominated for the State Senate, but iii both years the republicans were in the minority and few candidates escaped defeat. Mr. Elden is secretary of the Lawyers' Republican Club. He is president of the Alumni Association of the Phi Kappa Phi of Western Reserve University, belongs to the legal fraternity Delta Theta Phi and is also a member of the Theta Nu Epsilon. He is president of the John Hay Club of Cleveland, member of the Colonial Club, the Lake Shore Country Club, and the Presbyterian Church. Mr. Elden is past chancellor commander of Forest City Lodge No. 78, Knights of Pythias, of Cleveland, is a member of Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and in Masonry is affiliated with Iris Lodge No. 229, F. and A. M., McKinley Chapter, R. A. M., Holyrood Commandery, K. T., and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Elden is unmarried and his home is at 11448 Euclid Avenue. This brief outline of his important activities and interests indicate a very busy life and with it all Mr. Elden has found time and opportunity to indulge his favorite hobby of travel. He has twice been in Europe, and has also traveled over South American countries, through Asia, and has lived at most of the points of interest in Canada, Mexico and the United States. JUDGE FIELDER SANDERS, now city streetrailroad commissioner of Cleveland, is a lawyer by profession, has been active in the Cleveland bar for over fifteen years, and left the municipal bench to take the responsibilities of his prdsent office. Judge Sanders was born at Washington, District of Columbia, August 24, 1876. In the following year he came to Cleveland with his parents, Henry and Mary M. (Miller) Sanders. His father died in Cleveland May 31, 1882, and the mother is still living in that city. Judge Sanders is the youngest of three children. His brother, Martin W., and his sister, Mrs. A. H. Graham, are also residents of Cleveland. He was educated in the Cleveland grammar schools until 1889, graduated from the Central High School in 1893, , from Adelbert College in 1897, and from 1899 to 1901 was a student Vol. II-9 in the Western Reserve Law School. Judge Sanders was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1901 and at once began active practice at Cleveland. He was a member of the firm Sanders, Cline & Sanders from 1902 to 1908, and from the latter year until 1911 of the firm Sanders & Sanders. He served as assistant county prosecutor from 1909 to 1912 and in 1911 was elected municipal court judge and was reelected in 1913. Judge Sanders resigned from the municipal bench December 26, 1915, and began his duties as city street railroad commissioner in 1916. He is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations, is an active republican, a former member of the State Central Committee and belongs to various political and lawyers associations and clubs. He is also a director of The Horsburgh Forge Company and The Cuyahoga Mortgage Company. He is well known in club and social life of Cleveland and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club of Cleveland, the Civic League, the John Hay Club, the Electrical League, the Western Reserve Club, the Tippecanoe Club, and the Alpha Delta Phi and Phi Beta Kappa college fraternities, and Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Judge Sanders is unmarried. JAMES CLYDE REASNER. Among the strong and virile of the younger members of the Cleveland bar, none has come to the forefront more rapidly and convincingly than has James Clyde Reasner, of the firm of Reasner & Wieber. Some men, placed in the position where they have been compelled to make their own way in the securing of a professional training, have considered such an experience a handicap, but Mr. Reasner evidently has Worked on the theory that this gave him an advantage, in that he secured thereby self-reliance, initiative and power of resource. At any rate, in his comparatively short professional career he has had to ask no aid from outside sources in making his way to the front, and his success as a general practitioner and as representative of a number of important Cleveland concerns would seem to prove that in his ease, at least, his theory is correct. James Clyde Reasner was born at Scotland, Pennsylvania, March 15, 1888, a son of James L. and Anna K. (Rossman) Reasner. On his father's side he is of Dutch descent and on his mother's German, and he comes of good fighting stock, his paternal great-great-grand- 128 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS father having fought as a patriot soldier in the war of the Revolution, his great-grandfather as a soldier of the War of 1812, his grandfather bearing arms in the Mexican war of 1847, and his uncle, J. D. Reasner having worn the Union blue throughout the Civil war, as a memento of which he still bears on his shoulder the scar of a Confederate bullet. James L. Reasner was born at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and seems to have inherited the fighting spirit of his forebears, for when he was but twelve years of age he ran away from home and endeavored to enlist in the Union army for service in the war between the forces of the North and South. He was a large, well-built youth, but the recruiting agents at Washington, where he preiented himself, found that he was still too youthful and he was compelled to return to his home. The tanning that he received at the hands of his father while warming him in one way served to cool his military ardor, and he was content to again take up his business of learning the trade of blacksmith. This vocation he followed during the entire period of his active career, for many years at Thoburn, West Virginia, where he lived until 1901, that year marking his advent in Cleveland. As a Jacksonian democrat he was very active in politics, served as assessor for several years and in other positions, and at the time of his death was employed by the City of Cleveland. He died May 21, 1915, in the faith of the Methodist Church, being a member of bindoln Park congregation. Fraternally he was affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mrs. Reasner still survives her husband and resides at the home of her son. There were sixteen children in the family, nine of whom are still living, six having died while young and one son at the age of thirty-two years; of those who live there are four sons and five daughters, all married. The eleventh child and youngest son, James Clyde Reasner secured his early education in the public schools of Cleveland and in 1908 was graduated from the Lincoln High School. He made a good record in his studies there, and was captain of the baseball team and leader of the debating team which represented the high school, and in the meantime, during vacations, added to the family income by accepting such employment as presented itself. He had determined upon his life's course, and the fact that the family finances did not permit of his college tuition being paid did not deter him from his ambition, for he worked his own way through, and in 1909 was the only law department man who ever made the debating team in his freshman year at the Western Reserve University. He passed through the law department of Western Reserve University, graduating in June, 1912, with the degree of bachelor of laws, and in the same month was admitted to the bar, commencing practice in September. His first experience was gained with the firm of Kerrish, Kerrish, Hartshorn & Spooner, and in 1915 he formed an association with Louis H. Wieber, under the firm name of Reasner & Wieber, which still exists. One of Mr. Reasner's best assets is a fine gift of oratory. He was only seventeen years of age when he made his first political speech, this having been in behalf of Tom L. Johnson, for whom he took the stump in all his campaigns, and ever since his services have been in demand where speakers have been required at public gatherings. During the last election one of Mr. Reasner's best speeches was made at the Lincoln Methodist Episcopal Church, in behalf of President Wilson ; he has always voted the democratic ticket in national elections. Mr. Reamer is a director in the Brenbunfers Engineering Company, of Lorain, Ohio, and is attorney for that company and for the L. G. Motor Company, the Specialty Producers Sales Company, the West Side Cloak and Millinery Company, the Cleveland Arrow Motor Company, the Weber Iron Works, H. 0. Fischer & Company, the Scranton Avenue Carriage and Wagon Works, the H. & K. Tool Company, Aetna Steel Castings Company and other large concerns. He is well known fraternally, belonging to Bigelow Lodge No. 243, Free and Accepted Masons ; Cleveland Chapter No. 148, Royal Arch Masons; Forest City Commandery No. 48, Knights Templar; Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine; the Knights of the Maccabees; and the Foresters of America; and is also a member of the German Club, but his real interest, aside from his profession, is centered in his home, where he lives with his mother and sister. HARVEY E. ELLIOTT. In real estate and corporation practice there is probably no individual Cleveland attorney with a larger and more important clientele than Harvey E. Elliott. Mr. Elliott has truly cultivated the law as a "jealous mistress." Between his law office and his home there are practically no interests that can claim his attention: He CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 129 belongs to no clubs or fraternities and has been content to achieve success in one highly specialized field of endeavor. Mr. Elliott came to Cleveland from a farm. He was born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, January 29, 1878, a son of Laughlin and Sarah. J. (Wilson) Elliott. His parents were natives of the same county and the Elliotts are of Scotch ancestry and the Wilsons of Irish, though both families have been in America many generations. They were married in Beaver County in 1870 and in 1889 brought their family to Columbiana County, Ohio, where they are still living. Of their four children, all of whom were born in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, the oldest, Mary E., died in Columbiana County February 12, 1893, at the age of twenty-one. George E., the second in age, is still on the home farm, Harvey E. comes third, and E. Florence is now Mrs. H. D. Failor, of Sebring, Ohio. Harvey E. Elliott attended the public schools of his native county and of Columbiana County, and afterwards acquired a higher education in the Northeastern Ohio Normal, the Mount Hope College and the Ohio Northern University at Ada, where he was graduated in the law department in 1902 with the degree LL. B. In the same month he was admitted to the Ohio bar and in 1912 was admitted to practice in the United States District Court. Mr. Elliott first practiced at Leetonia, Ohio, with C. D. Dickinson, who was then referee in bankruptcy for that district. The firm title was Dickinson & Elliott. After a year Mr. Elliott removed to Cleveland in 1903 and became a member of the firm Farquharson, Elliott & Huggett, with offices on the eleventh floor of the Citizens Building. A year and a half later Mr. Elliott withdrew from this firm and for the following three years was head of the law department of the Land Title Abstract Company of Cleveland. Since then he has resumed private practice, alone, with offices in the Citizens Building, where he is still located. Members of the Cleveland bar generally accord Mr. Elliott the distinction of being one of the best informed men on real property law. As a corporation lawyer he has achieved distinction such as few individual attorneys ever acquire, and his own business compares favorably with that of some of the larger firms of Cleveland. He is counsel and officer in a dozen or more firms and corporations. In politics he is a democrat and is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association. Mr. Elliott has enjoyed an ideal home life. His residence is at 1320 Noble Road in Cleveland Heights. November 18, 1903, at Rogers, Ohio, he married Miss Edna B. Taylor, daughter of Emerson and Angeline (McMillan) Taylor. Her father is a Columbiana County farmer and her mother died there in 1898. Mrs. Elliott was born at Rogers, Ohio, educated in the public schools, is a graduate of Mount Hope College and has a degree in music from Hiram College, and was a teacher of instrumental music before her marriage. Mr. and Mrs. Elliott had four children, three living. The oldest, Ralph T., now twelve years of age, has come in for some well merited praise as a boy poet. His taste for verse writing has not interfered with his pursuit of the regular pastimes and activities of a wholesome growing youth, but since he was in the third grade he has been writing poetry and quite recently the Cleveland Press published his verses on "The Flag," which we here reproduce : Over our schoolhouse floating high, We see our flag as we pass by. Its thirteen stripes and field of blue Present indeed a glorious view. Its thirteen stripes of white and red, Are a splendid monument to the dead, Who shed their blood and nobly fought, And through their deaths our freedom bought. Free from tyranny, and free from king, Throughout the world let our tidings ring— Here is a home for the poor and oppress'd, Where each may be king, if he does his best. Be he rich man's heir, or poor man's son, He is judged alone by the work he's done, And many a boy from the humble crowd Has stepped ahead of the rich and proud. And by honest living and striving he, Has gained a place of nobility ; And the highest honors in the nation sought Have been held by the boys from the poor man's cot. So let us pause at our schoolhouse door Each of us whether we're rich or poor— And doff our caps e'er we pass through, And pledge our lives to the red, white and blue. —Ralph T. Elliott. 130 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS At a time when patriotic expression is the order of the hour it is only appropriate to say that the verses of this Cleveland boy have a ring and quality of sentiment that would do credit to many more mature and more widely recognized writers. The second child, Lionel L., died August 22, 1908, at the age of fourteen months. The two youngest children are Donald W. and Mary A. JOHN H. PRICE. Only exceptional personal ability, including a rare combination of practical efficiency with exact knowledge and orderly processes of thinking, could have brought John H. Price so early to the position he now enjoys as lawyer, citizen and public leader in the City of Cleveland. Mr. Price was born at Youngstown, Ohio, July 31, 1878, a son of Morgan P. and Margaret (Davis) Price. His parents were Welsh. He was educated in the public schools of Youngstown, graduating from the Rayen High School in 1897. As a boy in the grammar school he sold newspapers and that experience probably gave him the active sympathy with newsboys which has enabled him to do much for that class of youth in the City of Cleveland. Possessing an eager mind, quick in comprehension, he had no special difficulty in making a place for himself as a newspaper worker, and during his high school course v,as employed by the papers of his home city. It was as a reporter that he also paid his way largely through Mount Union College, where he was graduated A. B. in 1900. At Mount Union he became a member of the Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Theta Nu Epsilon fraternities, was city editor of the Alliance Review, was editor in chief of the College Annual and the College Monthly paper. He early distinguished himself as a debater, won the annual debate of his college and received honors in oratory. He also served as manager of athletic teams. Soon after graduating from Mount Union Mr. Price accepted the opportunity to cross the ocean as cow puncher on a cattle boat, and spent several months roughing it in Europe, paying his expenses largely as a newspaper correspondent. A still earlier experience was his service as a volunteer soldier during the Spanish-American war in 1898. He was with the Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the siege of Santiago, Cuba, and for three years served as lieutenant of engineers. After returning from Europe in 1901 Mr. Price entered the law school of the Ohio State University at Columbus, and while in the capital city did special work for the Cleveland Plain Dealer. He subsequently was transferred to Cleveland by the Plain Dealer entered the law school of the Western Reserve University and while there edited a history of the Ohio National Guard and Ohio Volunteers in the war with Spain. He also edited the law school Annual. In 1903 Mr. Price was admitted to the Ohio bar and in 1909 admitted to practice in the United States Supreme Court. As a lawyer he has made a specialty of corporation, insurance and constitutional law. He has looked after the interests of a large clientage, and has few peers in his special lines of legal work. Mr. Price is now senior partner in the law firm of Price, Al-burn, Crum & Album, with offices in the Garfield Building. In 1909 the OhiO attorney general appointed him special counsel to the attorney general for Cuyahoga County, and for several years he handled all legal matters for the state in this county. His legal services have naturally brought him into close relationship with business affairs, and he has served as officer and director of many corporations. He has become known as perhaps the chief among the leaders of the "Young Men's Movement" in republican politics in the City of Cleveland. Under his leadership much has been done to translate youthful enthusiasm and progressiveness into the councils and practices of the local republican organization. He served as chairman of the republican party of Cuyahoga County in 1906-07 and as member of the Republican County and City Executive committees from 1906 to 1912. He was the youngest man ever chosen as chairman of the county committee, being twenty-seven when first elected, and was frequently referred to by the local press as the "boy chairman." Through his influence the republican party in 1906 conducted the first "moneyless campaign" in local politics, and that successful campaign was widely noted throughout the country as a noteworthy exception to the policy of campaigning which involved an increasing burden of expense. He is a Knight Templar Mason, a member of the Scottish Rite Consistory and of Al Koran Mystic Shrine, and is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Elks and the Woodmen of the World. For a number of years he has been a director of the Tippecanoe Club and was one of the committee on arrangements when the Tippecanoe Club CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 131 took part in the occasion of the memorial erected to President McKinley at Canton. He is a member of the Union and City clubs of Cleveland, and of Calvary Presbyterian Church. Civic and sociological problems have received a great share of his attention and study. The welfare of the newsboys has been perhaps his most cherished object of practical philanthropy. For two years he was president of the Cleveland Newsboys' Association and brought his influence especially to bear in obtainir1 such recreation and educative influences for the newsboys as were provided for boys of larger means through the instrumentality of the Young Men's Christian Association. On June 3, 1903, Mr. Price married Miss Floride Gaillard Staats, daughter of Henry N. Staats. They have four children. John H. Jr., Newman Staats, Emily Louise and Robert Rutledge. JULIUS F. JANES. In a city, the size of Cleveland new industries and important expansions and additions to older industries come about with such frequency as to attract little attention. But all of these have a significance and contribute to the great volume of business now credited to Cleveland and furnish life and prosperity for a considerable part of Cleveland's 600,000 people. Julius F. Janes is president of the Standard Steel Castings Company, of which his brother E. H. Janes is vice president and treasurer and J. H. Fogg secretary. This company recently increased its capitalization to $1,000,000. Following this they bought a ten acre tract in Chicago, where they built a large plant which is now operating. This new foundry, which supplements the main and old. plant of the company on West Seventy-third Street is to be used exclusively for the manufacture of cast steel wheels for automobiles, trucks and tractors. Its capacity is to be 400 wheels per day, and that capacity. Is rated as twice the size of any plant manufacturing similar products in the country. A fully equipped machine shop, capable of machining the foundry production, is also a part of this new plant. J. F. Janes and E. H. Janes organized the Standard Steel Castings Company. This industry began with only 12,000 square feet of floor space and with the present new plant they will have 100,000 square feet. There were 50 employes at the beginning and today 600 people earn wages paid by the company. The main west side plant manufactures miscellaneous small castings, chiefly used for automobile work. The first year the output of the company was measured by 1,000 tons, while in 1917 the output increased to approximately 4,000 tons. The new plant has a capacity alone of 2,000 tons a month. FRANCIS W. HALL has recently retired from the more pressing and immediate cares of business, though he remains temporarily in charge of the F. W. Hall Company, a commercial enterprise which grew and developed under his efficient direction, until it is one of the largest houses of its kind in the Middle West. Mr. Hall has had many different connections and business interests during his active career, which covers a period of over forty years. When he first came to Cleveland he was in the employ of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. Mr. Hall was born at Bridgeport, Connecticut, November 6, 1853. His father, who is of English ancestry but of a colonial Connecticut family was Henry Hall, born at Easton, Connecticut, in 1817. When a young man he went to Bridgeport, Connecticut, and lived there the rest of his days. He was a journeyman in carriage shops and his ambition and energy impelled him to such strenuous efforts that by overwork he materially impaired his health and physique, and shortened his normal expectation of life. He died at Bridgeport October 15, 1869, at the age of fifty-two. He was active head and had a controlling interest in the H. Hall & Company, a wholesale grocery house, and was also financially interested in boats plying on Long Island Sound. He had gotten •together the nucleus of a prosperous business, and was really on the road to a fortune when death intervened. Politically he was a rock-ribbed democrat, and while in no sense ambitious for himself he had the credit of promoting some of the prominent political leaders of his day. He was a member of the Episcopal Church and was a Free Mason. At Southport, Connecticut, Henry Hall married Catherine S. Lacey, who was born at Southport in 1819. She survived her husband many years and passed away at Bridgeport January 2, 1902. Her children were: Harriet, who died at Bridgeport, Connecticut, wife of Adrian Hegeman who was in the wholesale saddlery business and is also deceased; Henry, who for many years was in the general passenger department of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, but has been retired 132 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS since 1908 and lives at Southport, Connecticut; Ida, who married Goodcil Buckingham, a wall street broker in New York City, both now deceased; Melville, who died in infancy ; Francis W.; Catherine, who died unmarried at the age of twenty-three; Grace, wife of Howard N. Wakeman, an attorney at Southport, Connecticut. Francis W. Hall spent his boyhood days in Bridgeport, Connecticut, was educated in public schools there, also Day's Preparatory School of Bridgeport, and St. Paul's School at Brookfield, Connecticut. The strongest impressions he has of school days was the time he spent in public school under a particularly hard schoolmaster known by the name of Selleek, who believed in administering knowledge through the route of corporal punishment. Mr. Hall was only sixteen when school days ended and let him into the active arena of experience and accomplishment. His first regular employment was as a helper in the carpet room of a dry goods house and later in a bookstore at Bridgeport. Mr. Hall first came to Cleveland on October 9, 1871, the day the great Chicago fire started. He was in the passenger offices of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway 61/2 years, finally resigning to return East, where he had charge of the accounting rooms of the Singer Manufacturing Company at Providence, Rhode Island, for six years. This training made him valuable to sewing machine organizations, and on returning to Cleveland he took a position in the wholesale department of the Domestic Sewing Machine Company and remained there seven years. Afterwards he spent four years with the White Sewing Machine Company as assistant to the superintendent of branch offices and later was promoted to retail manager for Cuyahoga County. The position which was most significant as opening gradually the door of opportunity in a business way was when he became general manager of the Globe Soap Company, a concern that was afterwards incorporated as the Essex Soap Company. Mr. Hall finally left this business to establish a laundry supply house known as the Hall-Moore Company, but at the end of three years sold his interests and engaged in the same line of business independently under the name F. W. Hall Company, the offices and plant of which concern is today situated at the corner of Noble Court and West Second Street. In May, 1917, Mr. Hall sold his interests and has since managed the business for the purchaser temporarily. Under his active control the P. W. Hall Company gained an impregnable position in business affairs, and is the only business of its kind in Cleveland. It is both manufacturing and jobbing and handles a full line of launderers', dry cleaners' and janitors' supplies. It has 'built up a reputation and its goods are distributed among laundry establishments throughout the Middle West. Naturally it is a special business field, and one which required a great deal of organization and the establishment of near and remote connections in order to make it a success. Mr. Hall's courage and confidence were signally shown when he left a position paying him a large salary in order to undertake a business whose profits were in the beginning entirely dependent upon his individual resourcefulness and effort. But his confidence and initiative were justified, since the business grew and prospered and has enabled him to retire. Mr. Hall owns one of the good homes at Willoughby on the Lake. He is a republican a member of the Episcopal Church, is affiliated with Woodward Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons; Cleveland Chapter Royal Arch Masons; Holyrood Commandery Knights Templar ; a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Consistory and the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Rotary Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, Civic Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club and New England Society of Cleveland. October 1, 1878, at Elyria, Ohio, Mr. Hall married Miss Addie E. Minor, daughter of John M. and Joanna (Fuller) Minor, both now deceased. Her father was an architect. Mrs. Hall, who died April 29, 1917, after they had traveled life's highway together for nearly forty years, was the mother of two daughters : Katharine Louise, wild married Hamilton Hobbs, died December 25, 1902. Marguerite DeLacey is the wife of W. P. Taber, a dry goods merchant at Norwalk, Ohio. Both daughters were educated in the Cleveland public schools and also in the private school formerly conducted by Miss Mittleberger in this city. LEWIS FAMILY. Cleveland people have long taken a pride in and have appreciated the achievements of members of the. Lewis family in literature and journalism. There have been three brothers of the name, all born at CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 133 Cleveland, who have been distinguished in the general field of literature and journalism —Alfred Henry Lewis, William Eugene Lewis and Irving Jefferson Lewis. And while referring to the family group we should not fail to note the brilliant young author and correspondent, Tracy Hammond Lewis, who is just now enjoying the early fruits of literary success and is a son of William Eugene Lewis. All these three brothers were trained to other callings but found their most satisfactory field of effort in writing, presently leaving the work to which they were professionally trained for newspaper employment. Their literary inclinations can hardly be accounted for by family inheritance. Their father, I. J. Lewis, was a builder with a specialty of heavy buildings, such as churches, colleges and the like, and his reputation in that field became so widely accepted that in almost every considerable city between Pittsburg and Denver at the present time may be found one or more substantial buildings that were erected by him. The Lewis family is of old Virginia stock dating back for more than two centuries, and in earlier generations there were connections with the family of Thomas Jefferson. At one time the Lewis family owned extensive properties in the South, including the celebrated Hot Springs in Virginia. I. J. Lewis married Harriet Tracy, who was directly descended from Lieutenant Thomas Tracy, who settled at Norwieh, Connecticut, in 1608. The Tracys were allotted large areas in the Western Reserve in payment for shipping and docks destroyed at New Haven and New London during the War of the Revolution. Harriet Tracy's father, Rev. Abel Tracy, of Cuyahoga County, extended his labors as a minister throughout the territory included in the Northeastern Ohio Methodist Episcopal Conference. I. J. Lewis found that his business took him so often away from Cleveland that he preferred life on a farm for his family and for several years they all lived in Concord, a small town near Painesville. The Lewis brothers were educated in the Painesville and Cleveland high schools, attending the East High School of Cleveland while Dr. Elroy M. Avery was its superintendent. The late Alfred Henry Lewis among American literary men was almost in a class by himself as a master of the short story itnd as a political correspondent. His admirers and readers, numbered by the hundreds of thousands, as- soeiated his name chiefly with the "Wolfville" stories and those products of his pen will doubtless be read and appreciated as long as any interest is felt in the old time life of the ranch and range of the southwest. While it may be too early to claim immortality for his literary fame, the readers of "Wolfville" are still legion and their enthusiasm is of a quality which does not moderate with time and change. Alfred Henry Lewis read law with Marshall S. Castle of Cleveland, a brilliant lawyer of the old school whose memory is still alive among members of the bar. He was an extremely popular young man and an ardent student. Mr. Castle, his preceptor, frequently called attention to the ease with which his pupil mastered the profession. "That boy can read down the fold of a law book and he has both pages of text photographed on his mind," he said. Young Mr. Lewis was elected prosecuting attorney of Cleveland two months after his admission to the bar. He was licensed to practice thirty days after he had achieved his majority. For two years he officiated as city prosecutor and upon the expiration of his term went West in. a concession to a spirit of adventure which took him over the entire southwestern cattle country. His four years as cowpuncher and performances in other capacities in New Mexico, Arizona and Colorado equipped him with the incidents and experience which made him famous as the author of the "Wolfville" books. The first of these was printed twenty years ago. It was followed by others, from year to year, constituting a record of a day and conditions forever gone. The ranges are fenced, the vast herds of cattle are eared for by ranch hands, on a somewhat larger scale but after the same fashion, as followed by the small cattle growers of Ohio, Indiana and the middle states. The time and men he pictured, through the medium of his "Old Cattle Man," are no more, but his Wolfville writings are accounted by literary students of the different phases of American life as entitled to a place among the classics. The author died December 23, 1914, but his Wolfville and other books still enjoy a heavy sale. Between 1897, when he published his first Wolfville book and the time of his death —seventeen years—Mr. Lewis printed eighteen books which enjoyed wide vogue, and two, "Searehy," the story of a New York boy, and "The Field Notes of a Reformer," 134 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS printed in installments in magazines, which are now in the hands of publishers. The latter is a tale of his experiences as city prosecutor of Cleveland. "The Boss," a political romance, "The President," "The Throwback," "Ohio Days," a series of incidents having their origin in the country schools and social life of northern Ohio, and other similar romances, also enjoyed a generous popularity. "Aaron Burr, an American Patrician," "When Men Grow Tall," a story of Andrew Jackson, "Paul Jones," and "Peggy 0 'Neal, " are four books of which Mr. Lewis was the author having their scene in Washington and are descriptive of the periods of American life, political and social, indicated by the titles. After his stories of American life, Mr. Lewis was decidedly strongest and achieved his biggest work as a political correspondent. In that field he ranks among the highest and was the most widely read of any contemporaneous writer. Following his cowboy experiences he practiced law in Kansas City but after four years joined the staff of the Kansas City Star, which under the late Col. William R. Nelson, was approaching the height of its influence. His work on the Star attracted immediate attention and he was later employed by the Kansas City Times as its Washington correspondent. He subsequently became the Washington correspondent of the Chicago Times, of which his brother William E. Lewis was managing editor. When Mr. Hearst came east from San Francisco and bought and revived the New York Journal, now the American, his first addition to the staff was Alfred Henry Lewis as Washington correspondent. Mr. Lewis' name was known widely at the time by those interested in national affairs. His employment by Hearst gave wide circulation for his writings in the various newspapers and magazines owned by that perfervid publicist and within two years Mr. Lewis' work became the most widely read not to say the most influential of any sent out from Washington. His position was unique; he was consulted by publicists and statesmen of all parties and holding earnestly to a rule of action which he adopted after his term of office of public prosecutor of Cleveland, he religiously declined all offices of political preferment, appointive or elective. Three times he declined nominations as congressman in New York in districts where nomination meant election. President Roosevelt offered him his choice of any foreign mission within the presidential power of appointment, with the exception of two. With the excepted two on the list Mr. Lewis would have declined as he did the others. For a period of two years he was joint owner and edited, in association with Oliver H. P. Belmont, a weekly illustrated political journal in New York called "The Verdict." This was discontinued with the election of Mr. Belmont to Congress and Mr. Lewis 'returned to magazine work and newspaper correspondence. He also edited a magazine originally designed for the improvement of politics and society called "Human Life." Of this journal Mr. Lewis was absentee chief, performing his labors at long distance. His home was in New York and the publication office in Boston, the natural home of the uplift. Human Life for a time had much popularity but after Mr. Lewis retired it journeyed to the discard. For the last ten years of his life Alfred Henry Lewis was probably the highest paid and most prolific writer in America. He understood every subject and adorned it and died at the height of a life of usefulness and endeavor. It is said of him that he was the one writer who wrote as he believed without considering the policy of the medium in which his work was to be printed. His various arrangements with newspaper and magazine owners was that his work should not be altered, but printed, if printed at all, in the style and manner of phrasing which he employed. His style was pungent, forceful and many times brilliant. It was characterized by a certain rugged originality of diction and it is doubtful if any writer ever used words, either in their native or acquired significance, with more effectiveness. He may have carried this quality too far in some of his writings, but it served him remarkably well in those special fields where his talents were at their best. Alfred Henry Lewis' one fault characterized him all his life. It was a frailty of genial nature and so pronounced as to be wholly admirable. His friends could do no wrong. On the other hand, those whom he conceived to be enemies of the public good, whether high in repute or office, had eccasion frequently to mend their ways and reform their systems as the result of his writings. The third of this trio of brothers is Irving CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 135 Jefferson Lewis, who began his newspaper work on the Cleveland Plain Dealer after its purchase by the late L. E. Holden. Mr. N. S. Cobleigh, at this writing cable editor of the New York World, was city editor, and IL R. Holden managing editor. J. H. A. Bone, the greatest newspaper man who ever wrote for a Cleveland newspaper, was the editor-in-chief. He was the most helpful of editors and took the greatest interest in the younger members of his staff. The elder ones, he argued, had their habits formed and their course charted. On this staff a man with any capacity for newspaper work should grow. Irving Jefferson Lewis was with the Plain Dealer for three years, when he joined his brothers in Kansas City as a member of the staff of the Star. He was subsequently managing editor of the Kansas City Globe, and in time, going to Chicago, held executive positions on the Chicago Herald and the Chicago Times. Twenty years ago he went to New York and for the last fifteen years has been managing editor of the New York Morning Telegraph. With his daily executive editorial work and the writing of general articles for his newspaper, Mr. Lewis has found time to produce upwards of 400 short stories or sketches of New York life. They are among the most popular of the syndicate writings sent out from New York. William Eugene Lewis, second of the three, editor and publisher of the New York Morning Telegraph, has also done much to sustain the prestige of the family in literature and journalism. He acquired his early experience in newspaper work while devoting himself to the study of law. He was admitted to. the bar at the age of twenty-one and in the meantime had been a reporter for the Cleveland Leader. During the administration of Hon. George W. Gardner as mayor, he served as secretary to the mayor and as a member of the Board of Improvements. When his term of office expired he went to Kansas City and engaged in the practice of law with his brother Alfred Henry. William E. Lewis is a man of versatile talents. His reputation has mainly been secured through his journalistic achievements, which have made his name a familiar one in some of the largest cities of the country. In the order named he has been, city editor of the Cleveland Herald, managing editor of the Kansas City News and the Chicago Times, had charge of the New York Journal's (now American) Cuban correspondence in the early part of the Spanish-American war, managing editor of the Philadelphia North American, after its purchase by Thomas S. Wanamaker, and for the last twelve years has been president of The Lewis Publishing Company, which publishes the Morning Telegraph. In polities by reason of family tradition. perhaps, Mr. Lewis has always been a republican, of the independent brand, and has similarly inherited his religious beliefs and is in sympathy with the Methodist Episcopal Church. His home is at Great Neck, Long Island. He is a member of the North Hempstead Country and the Manhasset Bay Yacht clubs, and of the National Press Club, at Washington, and the Lotus Club of New York. He is also a member of the old colonial order, the Patriots and Founders of America. William E. Lewis married Miss Frances Eleanor Oviatt. Her father 0. M. Oviatt, a former resident of Richfield, Ohio, was once extensively engaged in the cattle business and owned and operated a large ranch near Colfax, New Mexico. Mrs. Lewis' paternal grandfather Gen. 0. M. Oviatt, was prominent in Cleveland municipal and financial affairs at one time, and with his father Capt. Heman Oviatt was a founder of the Western Reserve College at Hudson. Her mother, Frances (Hammond) Oviatt was a daughter of Nathaniel Hammond, who early removed from Connecticut to Northern Ohio. The ancestry of Mrs. Lewis like that of her husband is of old colonial stock, their nearest forbears of foreign birth having come to America in 1608. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. William E. Lewis, a daughter and son. The former Ethel Oviatt Lewis was graduated from Smith College in the class of 1909, with Phi Beta Kappa honors, and is now Mrs. Waldo Grose. The son Tracy Hammond Lewis is the other member of this family who has the family tendency toward writing. The home of his parents at the time of his birth was in Chicago, but he was born in Northern Ohio while his mother was visiting her parents Mr. and Mrs. O. M. Oviatt. Tracy Lewis upon his graduation from Yale in 1912, which graduation it might be remarked was vastly gratifying from the standpoint of scholastic attainments, became a member of the staff of the New York Times. After a year he took a place on the executive staff of The Morning Telegraph of New York. At the time of the excitement along the border in 1916 he was sent as correspondent for 136 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS his paper. Of the entire number of newspaper writers who viewed Mexico and its conditions at that time, he was the first to give permanence to his impressions in book form. "Along the Rio Grande," which was printed late in 1916, was one of the most enjoyable pieces of literature having for its subject matter the period of hostilities between the United States and Mexico. The author was interested in the various subjects connected with the camp and border life which he saw, and he wrote with the freshness of enthusiasm which would have done credit to his uncle Alfred Henry. "Along the Rio Grande" covers certain sections of the Southwest and also the East and is frequently noted in trade journals as "one of the six best sellers." Tracy Lewis is greatly indebted to his mother for a fine literary taste. Mrs. Lewis before and for several years after her marriage wrote for several magazines and for Chicago newspapers. Her writings, chiefly in the form of sketches, stories and poetry, were characterized by a discriminating choice of subjects and the graphic quality of expression. Mrs. Lewis shaped the early studies of her children along the best literary lines. For a year prior to December, 1917, Tracy Lewis was at Washington doing the daily work of a national correspondent. He took naturally to the discussion of national and international politics and found expression for his views in the Washington Herald, the Philadelphia Press, the New York Morning Telegraph and several western papers. Possibly owing to his college training, Tracy Hammond Lewis finds much employment for his spare time in athletics, particularly field and water sports. He is one of the front division of trapshooters in America and also as a yachtsman has taken down many important cups on the Sound and the Atlantic. In December he received an appointment to the Gunnery Section of the Aviation Corps and was sent to San Antonio, Texas, for military instruction. He was commissioned as lieutenant in the Signal Corps, and detailed as instructor in machine gunnery. VERNON LELAND STANFORD has attained an enviable position in the Cleveland bar, where . he has practiced since 1903. He has distinguished himself as a hard worker, a sound student and one who looks after the interests of his clientage with the resources born of conscientious care and long experience. He was born on his Grandfather Stanford's old farm at Randolph in Portage County, Ohio, December 2, 1877, a son of Wallace C. and Flora (Carver) Stanford. His parents are living at Ravenna, Ohio, on a farm along rural route No. 1. His father is a carpenter by trade but has given most of his life to agriculture. His grandfather, Chauncey Stanford, was one of the notable men of Portage County, standing high in the esteem of a large community because of his nobility of character and the good he accomplished in the course of a long life. He was in his eightieth year when he died at Ravenna in March, 1897. He followed the business of carpenter and farmer through his active career. During the Civil war he was a year too old to be called into service, while his son Wallace was then too young, and thus neither of them had experience as a soldier. Wallace C. Stanford was born in Edinburg, Ohio, and the family has lived in the vicinity of Ravenna for over a century. Chauncey Stanford's wife was Keturah Betsy Stanford, who died at the old home in Ravenna built by her father on January 24, 1917. She was ninety-two years of age in August, 1916. The Stanfords came from Connecticut, being of English descent. It is probable that the famous Stanfords of California were descend. ants of the same original stock. Flora Carver Stanford was born in Louisville, Stark County, Ohio, but spent the greater part of her early life where she now lives not far from Ravenna, on a farm owned by her parents. She taught school in that district in her younger days. Her mother, Lucinda (Grant) Carver, belonged to one of the oldest families settling in Portage County. Vernon Leland Stanford lived on his grandfather's farm until he was seven years of age, when his parents bought the old Carver place, where they still reside. In the family were two sons and one daughter that grew up. Vernon L. is the oldest. The next younger was Blanche, who died when about nineteen years of age. The daughter Bertha is now Mrs. Richard Dennis, living on a farm at Shalersville, Ohio. The only other son, Ray W., is an inspector with the Goodrich Rubber Company at Akron. All are graduates of the Ravenna High School. Vernon Leland Stanford graduated from Ravenna High School with the class of 1896. In 1900 he completed the collegiate course of Adelbert College at Cleveland, graduating Ph.B., and studied for the law in the Western Reserve University Law School, which gave him the degree LL. B. in 1903. He was ad- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 137 mitted to the bar JUne 11th of the same year and at once engaged in general practice with offices in the Society for Savings Building, where he is still located. Mr. Stanford never had a partner and his successful practice has been entirely the result of his own ability and energies. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Envelope Company. Mr. Stanford has never married. Outside of his profession his chief diversion is music. For some time he was secretary of the Association Male Chorus, a musical organization of the Young Men's Christian Association. He sang with that chorus for ten years steadily until 1917. He attends the Glenville Presbyterian Church, singing in the choir and teaching a class in Sunday school, though not a regular member of the church. He is also interested in instrumental music and plays the bass viol. In his profession he has been admitted to practice in the Federal Court. Among other relations he is a member of the Civic League of Cleveland. CHARLES ALFRED PAINE, who was elected president of the Cleveland Clearing House Association on February 6, 1917, has a banking experience covering thirty-five years in Cleveland and is president of the National City Bank and an official in many other enterprises. Mr. Paine was born in Cleveland, October 18, 1865, son of George S. and Mary (Pinkney) Paine. His father was born in England and came to Cleveland with his parents when he was about five years of age. He spent his active life in the plumbing business and died at Cleveland in December, 1913, at the age of seventy-three. The parents were married at Cleveland about 1863. The mother was born in Pennsylvania and died when her son Charles A. was twelve years of age. George S. Paine was a member of the Masonic order, the Knights of Pythias and was very popular socially and a good business man. Charles A. Paine was reared and educated in Cleveland, attending the public schools and the Central High School. In November, 1882, at the age of seventeen, he became a messenger boy in the Ohio National Bank. After three months he was promoted to correspondent, and filled that position until August, 1886. He then went to the Euclid Avenue National Bank as bookkeeper and in June, 1890, left that institution to become assistant cashier of the Central National Bank. In 1900 he was pro- moted to cashier, and remained with the Central National almost twenty years. In January, 1909, Mr. Paine became vice president of the Superior Savings & Trust Company, and has been president of the National City Bank since November, 1912. The National City Bank is one of the oldest financial institutions of Ohio, its total resources being over $10,000,000. It has enjoyed a remarkable era, of prosperity since Mr. Paine became president. Its deposits in 1913 were less than $3,000,000, while in the summer of 1917 they aggregated over $8,000,000. Other important business connections of Mr. Paine are as follows : Director and formerly for a number of years president of the First National Bank of Burton, Ohio; treasurer and director of the Union Mortgage Company, treasurer of the Continental Realty Company, vice president of the Kilby Manufacturing Company, director of the National Discount Company. He had some active military experience while a member of the Cleveland Grays from 1887 to 1890. He is a republican in national affairs. Mr. Paine is a member and formerly treasurer of the Mayfield Country Club, and belongs to the Union Club, Bankers Club, Roadside Club, Rotary Club, Civic League and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. His favorite recreation is golf. Mr. Paine's city home is at 1798 Crawford Road, and he also maintains a summer home at Grand Lake, Michigan. On June 6, 1890, he married Miss Margaret Helen Martin. She died August 23, 1903, leaving two children, Charles A. and Margaret. Charles A., Jr., was educated in Cleveland, spent two years in Culver Military Academy in Indiana, and was also in the East Tech High School at Cleveland. He is now a lieutenant in the Sixtieth Regiment, United States Army. The daughter, Margaret, was educated in the Hathaway Brown School of Cleveland and in 1917 entered the National Cathedral School at Washington, District of Columbia. On January 14, 1906, Mr. Paine married for his present wife Miss Ruth Elizabeth Kendig, of Waterloo, New York. Mrs. Paine is an active member of the Woman's City Club of Cleveland. EDWARD CHELLIS DAOUST has been a Cleveland lawyer since 1909. Few of his contemporaries have risen so rapidly to distinction in the profession and to well merited connections 138 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS with business affairs. He is a member of the law firm of Wilkin, Cross & Daoust, with offices in the Cuyahoga Building. Mr. Daoust was born at Defiance, Ohio, October 19, 1887, and is now in his thirtieth year. His parents were Charles J. and Mary (Hooker) Daoust. In the direct parental line the ancestry leads back to France. The present name is contracted from the original French Davoust. Mr. Daoust's paternal grandfather, Antoine Daoust, was a ship tim- ber merchant at Montreal, Canada. His family came to Quebec from France. This grandfather married Domathile Fovelle, a daughter of a MacDonald from Scotland. Charles J. Daoust was for many years active in Ohio banking and also identified with manufacturing and public utility interests. He was one of the early bank examiners of the state. At the present time he is a dealer in commercial paper. His home is at Defiance. Mr. Daoust's mother, who died in 1896, was a daughter of Judge William Chellis Hooker of Illinois. Through her father she was a lineal descendant of Rev. Thomas Hooker, a Fellow of Cambridge who came to New England on the ship Griffin in 1633. He first located at Newtown, Massachusetts, and later at Hartford, Connecticut, and has a distinguished place in American history. He was known as the "first American democrat." He was of the family of Devonshire Hookers in England. Mary Hooker's mother was of the McQuary family of Kentucky. Charles J. Daoust married for his second wife Bessie Creager, a daughter of Dr. Frank Creager, of Fremont, Ohio. Edward C. Daoust has one sister, Mrs. Glenn B. Miller, of Decatur, Illinois, and has a half-brother, Robert Antoine Daoust. A cultured environment during his youth and a liberal education preceded Mr. Daoust's active entrance into the field of his profession and business life. He attended the grammar and high schools at Defiance, was a special student in the University of Michigan in 190405, and did speCial work in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale. He pursued the regular law course at Yale University, and had the degree LL. B. awarded him in 1909. Prior to entering Yale he had served an apprenticeship in banking, an experience that has proved valuable to him as various financial interests have claimed his attention. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1909 and at once began practice at Cleveland. For one year he was alone, and then formed the partnership of Price, Album, Daoust & Al- burn. In January, 1915, Mr. Daoust withdrew from this firm and became a member of Wilkin, Cross & Daoust. His legal associates are David R. Wilkin, C. R. Cross, Trafton M. Dye, Kingdon T. Siddall, and Quay H. Findley. Mr. Daoust is chiefly engaged in corporation and real estate law. His ability and experience in these branches of the law make him a factor in the management of several financial and other corporations, and he is secretary and director of The Union Mortgage Company, secretary and director of The Industrial Discount Company, director of the Doan Savings & Loan Company, and a director in a number of other manufacturing, real estate and financial corporations. In 1912 Mr. Daoust was appointed by Judge Day as United States Commissioner for Northern Ohio, but resigned that office in 1915. He is now consul in Cleveland for the Republic of Nicaragua. He has been a regular republican since casting his first ballot. In 1912 he voted for Mr. Taft, was delegate to the Republican State Convention in 1910 and in the same year was treasurer , of the Ohio Republican College League. Aside from those connections he has never been active in politics. Mr. Daoust served as a private in Troop A of the First Ohio Squadron from 1910 to 1913. He is affiliated with the Phi Delta Phi and Corbey Court Society at Yale, with Omega Lodge, F. and A. M., and is a member of the Union Club, University Club, Troop A Veteran Association, Yale Club of New York, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Sons of the American Revolution, and several civic and bar associations. He is a member of the Church Club of the Protestant Episcopal Church. Mr. Daoust was married at Cleveland April 24, 1912, to Clara Louise Bunts, daughter of Dr. Frank E. and Harriet (Taylor) Bunts. Her father is a distinguished surgeon, a graduate of the United States Naval Academy in 1881, and is a member of the American Surgical Society and a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Doctor Bunts is a professor in the Western Reserve Medical College. He was formerly a captain of Troop A and in 1898 was major of Ohio Cavalry. He is now with the American Expeditionary forces and was formerly chief surgeon at the base hospital at Camp Travis, with the rank of major. Mrs. Daoust's mother was a daughter. of V. C. Taylor, one of the pioneer real estate dealers of Cleveland. She is a granddaughter CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 139 of Alexander Sackett and a great-granddaughter of Levi Johnson, whose record as a pioneer builder of Cleveland is a subject of mention on other pages. Mr. and Mrs. Daoust have two children : Frances Harriet Daoust, born in 1913 ; Edward Chellis Daoust, Jr., born in 1915. JUDGE ULYSSES L. MARVIN, who retired from the Appellate Court bench February 8, 1913, and has since resumed the private practice of law at Cleveland, is one of the few attorneys still active in Ohio who had their admission to the bar before the Civil war. To the cares and responsibilities of judicial office he gave nearly twenty-five years. Among his contemporaries Judge Marvin has long been distinguished by charming personality, profound legal wisdom, purity of public and private life, and the quiet dignity of an ideal follower of his calling. His record as a judge was in harmony with his record as a man and lawyer, marked by.unswerving integrity and a masterful grasp of every problem that presented itself for solution. He is of old Connecticut ancestry. The Marvins came from England and joined the Connecticut colonists in the early part of the seventeenth century. One of his ancestors was a sea captain and devout churchman. His monument is still standing in Connecticut and on it is engraved the following inscription : "This Deacon, aged 68, is freed on earth from sarvin'. May for a crown no longer wait Lyme's Captain Reynold Marvin." Judge Marvin's parents, Ulysses and Elizabeth (Bradley) Marvin, were both natives of Connectiqut and of English ancestry. Ulysses L. Marvin was born at Stow, Summit County, Ohio, March 14, 1839. As a boy he attended the public schools of his birthplace, also had a private tutor, and at the age of thirteen entered the Twinsburg Academy and afterwards the Franklin Institute. At the age of sixteen he was teaching a country school. It has been a long standing tradition in the Marvin family that its men should be either clergymen or lawyers. It was in compliance with the wish of his father that Judge Marvin early determined upon the study of law and equipped himself for practice with as little delay as possible. Thus while teaching he began a preliminary preparation under H. B. Foster, a scholarly gentleman and a thorough lawyer whose influence has been many times gratefully recognized by Judge Marvin. He afterwards entered the office of Edgerton and Sanders. The senior member of this firm was Sidney Edgerton, then a member of Congress, who was afterwards appointed governor of the Territory of Montana and subsequently Mr. Sanders was elected its first United States senator. On his admission to the bar at Canton May 2, 1860, Mr. Marvin at once began the practice of law at Akron, Ohio, with Mr. Sanders as a partner. This partnership was broken up when Mr. Sanders left to join the army, and during 1861-62 Mr. Marvin was employed as superintendent of the Union schools at Kent, Portage County. In August, 1862, he too went to the war. He enlisted as a private in the One Hundred and Fifteenth Regiment, Ohio Volunteers, and in the following year was commissioned first lieutenant in the Fifth United States Volunteers. In 1864 he was promoted to captain and in the spring of 1865 was brevetted major, this commission being accompanied by the words "for gallant and meritorious service." Judge Marvin had a strenuous army career for over three years. He was with his division during the sieges of Richmond and Petersburg in the last two years of the war, and was severely wounded before Richmond on September 29, 1864. At the close of the war in 1865 he was appointed judge advocate of the District of Newberne, North Carolina, and remained at that post until October 4, 1865, by which time civil government had been established. On being mustered out he returned to his native state and took up law practice in Portage County. In the fall of 1867 Judge Marvin removed to Akron, which city was the scene of his early and mature successes as a practicing attorney. There he formed a partnership with J. J. Hall, which continued until 1869. In that year he was elected probate judge of Summit County, filling the office six years. His next partnership was with Mr. Foster and Charles R. Grant under the name Foster, Marvin & Grant. His withdrawal from this firm in 1883 was a result of his appointment as judge of the Court of Comfort Pleas. When his term in this office closed he formed a partnership with F. M. Atterholt, and they were together in practice nine years, at the end of which time Rolin W. Sadler and David L. Marvin, the latter a son of Judge Marvin, entered the firm, the name being changed to Marvin, Sadler & Atterholt. Judge Marvin retired from this firm in 1895, consequent upon his election as judge of the Circuit Court, Eighth District of Ohio. 140 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS His retirement from the Appellate Court in 1913 marked the conclusion of eighteen consecutive years on the bench of the Circuit Court and Court of Appeals, the longest term enjoyed by any judge in those courts in that district. He has received seven commissions as judge of different courts, and in 1908 was elected chief justice of the Circuit Courts of Ohio. Judge Marvin was nominated for circuit judge in 1895, at a convention presided over by Judge Grant. In the fall of 1912 he declined to become a candidate for renomination to the Circuit Bench, and he then resumed practice as a member of the firm Marvin, Smart, Marvin & Ford. He is now senior member of the firm Marvin & Marvin, his associate being his son Francis R. Their offices are in the Williamson Building at Cleveland. During his long practice at Akron Judge Marvin enjoyed a large and lucrative business, and his talents were required in the solution of many important eases: With his learning and ability as a lawyer he has always shown exceptional powers of oratory. Judge Marvin is a republican, for years has been closely identified with the Loyal Legion and the Grand Army of the Republic. He is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar Association, a member of the Theta Lambda Phi fraternity, is a vice president of the Lincoln Memorial University and is a trustee of Kenyon College, an institution which, in recognition of his superior attainments, conferred upon him the honorary degree LL. D. many years ago. Judge Marvin is a director of the Sheriff Street Market and Storage Company of Cleveland, president of the Windemere Realty Company of Cleveland and was at one time vice president of the Bankers Guarantee & Trust Company of Akron. November 24, 1861, while he was superintendent of schools at Kent, he married Miss Dorena Rockwell, daughter of Hon. David L. Rockwell, of Kent. Pour sons were born to their union. David L., who became a prominent Akron lawyer and died in that city; George V., a journalist living at Columbus ; Charles A., who died at Cleveland in December, 1911; and Francis Rockwell, now associated with his father in practice. The mother of these sons died at Akron, Ohio, November 1, 1898. September 28, 1901, at Cleveland, Judge Marvin married Miss Carrie Ensign. Judge and Mrs. Marvin reside at Cleveland Heights. For many years Mr. Marvin has been a member of the Protestant Episcopal Church. He has been a member of the Dio cesan Convention since 1867, and while living in Akron was senior warden. CHARLES A. MARVIN. While a newspaper is the chief organ of publicity, newspaper men themselves are little known to the general public, their work and identity being buried in the institution which they serve. Of Cleveland newspaper workers, one who possessed the keenest sense of news value, was most indefatigable in following up a case, and manifested the greatest ability in handling comprehensive and graphic details was the late Charles A. Marvin. He measured up to the finest ideals of the reporter and journalist. Into the forty years of his life he crowded activities and energies which most men distribute over a much longer period. He was born at Akron, Ohio, in 1871, and died at Cleveland December 19, 1911. His father is Judge Ulysses L. Marvin, elsewhere mentioned in this publication. The larger part of his life he lived in Akron. He finished his education in Oberlin College and Western. Reserve University and acquired his early experience as a reporter and editor with several Akron papers. After he removed to Cleveland he was employed on practically every big story that "broke" in this part of the country in recent years. It was Charles Marvin who uncovered the details and furnished most of the copy through many succeeding weeks in the famous case of Cassie Chadwick, whose name figured in the newspapers of all America for months. His work in that case was so effective that it might be considered a personal triumph for him, but he showed hardly less energy and imagination in handling many other news stories of his time. For almost a decade he was a writer of political news in Cleveland. At the time of his death he was serving as secretary to Public Safety Director Hogen. He accepted that position in 1909 and for his work at the city hall came to be regarded as a most painstaking and conscientious In Hogen's campaign for mayor Mr. Marvin exerted himself so strenuously as to overtax his strength, and after the campaign he was able to continue at his desk in the city hall only a short time. Mr. Marvin was survived by his wife, two brothers and his father, Judge Marvin. FRANCIS ROCKWELL MARVIN, a son of Judge Ulysses L. Marvin and associated with his father in practice under the firm name of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 141 Marvin & Marvin, with offices in the Williamson Building, has been an active member of the Ohio bar for the past sixteen years. He was born at Akron January 2, 1877, son of Ulysses L. and Dorena (Rockwell) Marvin. His mother was a daughter of Hon. David L. Rockwell, of Kent, Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of Akron, graduated from the high school in 1894, finished a preparatory course in Oberlin Academy in 1896, and took his collegiate course in Williams College at Williamstown, Massachusetts. Mr. Marvin graduated LL. 13. from the University of Michigan Law Department in 1901 and was admitted to the Ohio bar the same year. For three years he practiced at Akron, at first in the law firm of Musser & Kohler and later with Edwin F. Voris. On removing to Cleveland in March, 1904, Mr. Marvin entered the law office of Foran & MeTighe and in September, 1905, was admitted to partnership with Peron, McTighe & Marvin. In May, 1907, he withdrew and began an individual practice in the Williamson Building. In January, 1909, the firm Smart, Marvin & Ford was formed, his partners being John H. Smart and C. B. Ford. When his father retired from the bench in 1912 he became senior member of Marvin, Smart, Marvin & Ford and after another change the firm became Marvin & Marvin. In 1905-06 Francis R.. Marvin was special counsel for the Ohio attorney general in Northern and Eastern Ohio. He is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, and is an officer and director in many business concerns. He has taken quite an active part in republican party affairs, is a member of the Tippecanoe Club, Hermit Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Portage Country Club of Akron, is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and among college societies was a member of the Delta Upsilon, Theta Nu Epsilon and the Phi Delta Phi. While in the University of Michigan he was president of its Musical Club and Pope of the Friars Society. Mr. Marvin is a member of the Singers Club of Cleveland and his church is the Episcopal. JOHN MORELAND HENDERSON. One of the oldest members of the Cleveland bar, Mr. Henderson's relations with old time lawyers goes back to the generation of the Civil War. The last battles over slavery bad not been fought when he took his first fees as a young practitioner in Cleveland, and in the half century that has since elapsed he has long enjoyed a place of eminence and dignified leadership in the Ohio bar. A native of Ohio, he was born April 14, 1840, at Newville, Richland County, son of Dr. James P. and Ann (Moreland) Henderson. The Hendersons were Scotch Presbyterians and the family was established in America by a missionary sent out by Scotland Presbytery of Fife about the year 1753. The Morelands came originally from the north of Ireland and were settlers in Pennsylvania. Doctor Henderson was a prominent pioneer physician of Ohio. He came to this state from Pennsylvania in 1823 and continued in active practice until 1885. He was noted for his ability both as a physician and surgeon. In 1838 he was elected a member of the state legislature and in 1850 was a member of the convention which prepared the Constitution that continued to be the organic law of the state which still stands as amended by the work of the last constitutional convention. John Moreland Henderson was the only one of four children who reached maturity. As a boy he attended district schools and a nearby academy and for three years was a student in the preparatory department of Kenyon College, where he completed the freshman year. In 1862 he was graduated from Miami University at Oxford, Ohio. His parents had allowed him free choice of callings or vocations, and when his literary studies had been completed and the time to exercise that choice had come he decided in favor of the law. His first preceptor was Judge Darius Dirlam at Mansfield, Ohio. Subsequently he removed to Cleveland and entered the Cleveland Law School, from which he has the degree LL. B. conferred in 1864. Beginning practice after his admission to the bar, he has maintained his connection with the Cleveland bar uninterruptedly for fifty-three years. He brought a vigorous mind, a well trained intellect, and a sense of conscientious and faithful performance to his work as a lawyer, and those qualifications brought him many years ago a distinctive place as a Cleveland lawyer. For many years past he has enjoyed an exceptionally large clientage, and he has been in a position to practically choose his own business in the profession. He has never allowed any political or other connections to interfere with his work as a lawyer or the obligations he feels toward his home and family. He had the character and attainments which would have graced the bench, but 142 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS his friends could never prevail upon him to accept a nomination. From 1865 to 1874 Mr. Henderson was associated in practice with John C. Grannis. Later he was with Virgil P. Kline, now deceased, from July, 1875, to October, 1882. This firm went under the name of Henderson & Kline. In 1882 S. H. Tolles was admitted to the firm, and the title Henderson, Kline & Tolles continued until 1895. In that year Mr. Henderson withdrew and formed a partnership with F. A. Quail as Henderson & Quail. Later George B. Siddall and subsequently D. E. Morgan were admitted to the firm, and at the present time Mr. Henderson heads the well known and notable law firm of Henderson, Quail, Siddall & Morgan. They occupy a large suite of offices on the tenth floor of the Garfield Building and Mr. Henderson has one of the most complete law libraries in the state. In polities he is a republican, but beyond one or two minor positions has never held political office. He also has no connections with social clubs that will deprive him of home companionship. Mr. Henderson is president of the Sheriff Street Market & Storage Company; is president of the Board of Trustees of Case School of Applied Science, and president of the board of the A. M. McGregor Home for Aged People, and is a director in several banking and business corporations. On June 20, 1872, at College Hill, Ohio, Mr. Henderson married Miss Anna Carey. They have seven children, six daughters and one son. LOUIS A. PERRY. This name and the words attorney and counselor at law that appear on the door of an office suite in the Williamson Building afford little hint of the dynamic resourcefulness and ability with which Mr. Perry has attained a place of distinction and success in the Cleveland bar. He is of Italian parentage, son of Angell Anthony and Concetta (Costenea) Perry. His parents came from Fresno in the vicinity of Rome, Italy, to the United States in 1880, and spent the rest of their days in Pittsburg. His father studied law but never practiced. Louis A. was their only son. He has two married sisters in Pittsburg. Louis A. Perry was born at Pittsburg, April 28, 1881, and even as a boy he showed striking qualities of leadership in his native city. He secured his early education in the Pittsburg Academy and Holy Ghost College. At Pitts- burg he became interested in republican politics, and for one term was a member of the Pennsylvania State Committee with Senator Penrose and former Senator Christopher L. McGee. He practically controlled the Fourteenth Ward of Pittsburg, and was one of the most influential leaders in the foreign vote of the State of Pennsylvania. While at Pittsburg he began the study of law with former Congressman Francis J. Burke at Pittsburg. From Pittsburg he removed to Youngstown, Ohio, where he lived about six years and while there studied law with former State Senator Franklin Benjamin Wirt. On August 29, 1910, Mr. Perry arrived at Cleveland, bringing with him $30 in cash and two suit eases. While working to defray his living expenses he continued the study of law and in 1912 took six subjects in the Cleveland Law School, studying at night and was admitted to the bar in 1913 and on November 10, 1914, was admitted to practice in the United States District courts. When Mr. Perry began practice at Cleveland in June, 1913, he had only $5 in cash. A splendid practice has since been vouchsafed his ability and some of his loyal friends estimate the value of his practice at $9,000 a year. Fully 60 per cent of his work is in handling criminal cases, and the rest is general civil and business practice. Mr. Perry still gives much of his time to republican politics, and has accepted places on that ticket as candidate for the State Legislature and State Senate. He is a member in good standing of the Cleveland Bar Association, the John Hay Club, the Tippecanoe Club and the Sons of Italy. EDWARD W. MCGHEE was graduated Master of Laws from Yale University in 1916, and immediately thereafter located at Cleveland, and in 1917 was admitted to the Ohio bar. He took up active practice at Cleveland in the preceding year, and at first was associated with the well known firm of Morgan & Keenan, with offices in the Guardian Building, until December 1, 1917, when he took up the practice of law at 909 Williamson Building. Mr. McGhee is a native of the old Hanging Rock Iron region of Southern Ohio, born at Jackson June 20, 1893. His parents, Edward W. and Carrie (Crandall) McGhee, are still living at Jackson.. His grandfather, Elias Crandall, was a prominent man of Jackson, active in the iron industry there and at one time a member of the State Senate. Edward, W. McGhee was educated in the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 143 public schools of Jackson, graduating from high school in 1911, spent three years in the Ohio State University in the literary department, and then entered the law department of Washington University at St. Louis, where he was graduated LL. B. in 1915. After that he spent a year in Yale University Law School, and from there came to Cleveland. Mr. McGhee is a republican in politics, a member of the City Club, and belongs to the Sigma Chi and the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity. At Yale he was also a member of Corbey Court. WALTER EDWARD MYERS a rising and able lawyer of Cleveland, is also nationally known because of his work in behalf of the fraternity of Sigma Nu. He is a native son of Ohio, having been born at Alliance, April 29, 1875, and is a son of Jonathan and Emma (Cop-pock) Myers. Mr. Myers was educated in the public schools of Alliance, graduating in June, 1893, from the Alliance High School. In the following year he entered Mount Union College, where he earned his way through college by teaching in intervening terms, and graduated with the class of 1899, securing the degree of Bachelor of Science. Mr. Myers then proceeded to secure his law education. He was still short of means, but found employment in a lawyer's office and thus was able, through rigid economy and great industry, to complete a course in law at the Western Reserve University, from the law department of which he was graduated in 1902, with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. Two years later he began practice at Cleveland, forming a partnership with David E. Green under the firm name of Myers & Green. This firm continued until January 1, 1913, when William C. Keough was admitted to partnership, and continued as Myers, Green & Keough until February 1, 1917, when Mr. Myers withdrew from the firm to give part of his time to several business interests with which he was connected. Mr. Myers is one of the clean-cut, reliable attorneys of Cleveland and stands high in his profession. His offices are in the Guardian Building. In addition to being a good lawyer, he has numerous substantial business connections, being president of The Ohio Royal Building and Loan Company of Cleveland, treasurer of the Federal Mortgage Finance Company of Cleveland, president of the Alexandria Company, director in a number Vol. II-10 of corporations, and has many other business and legal connections. Mr. Myers' fraternity record is one of active, arduous and continued work As treasurer of the Beta Iota Building Association the brunt of raising the funds which purchased in 1901 a home for its chapter—the first of any fraternity in the State of Ohio to own its own house—fell upon Mr. Myers' shoulders and he piloted its business affairs for fourteen years. As one of the charter members he was one of the organizers of the Cleveland. Alumni Chapter, and assisted in establishing Delta Alta and Delta Zeta Chapters at Case School of Applied Seienee and Western Reserve University. He has long been prominent in Sigma Nu, serving as chairman of the extension committee from 1909 to 1913, chairman of the jurisprudence committee from 1913 to 1915, and in 1915, at the Denver Grand Chapter, was elevated to a seat in the High Council and given the title of Grand Counselor. He has recodified the laws of Sigma Nu several times and has spent much thankless and unpaid time in shaping up the laws to meet the conditions under the reorganized plan. To Walter J. Sears, regent of the fraternity, and Mr. Myers, the grand counselor, belong the credit for redrafting the reorganization plan of government and retouching it into the present well-ordered system which was successfully carried without opposition in the Denver Grand Chapter, and has already placed Sigma Nu in the vanguard of the national fraternities. In a recent talk Mr. Myers voiced the need of a constructive national policy for his fraternity in the following words : "Think broadly, not narrowly; think nationally, not locally; and Sigma Nu will always stand first among fraternities." Mr. Myem is a member, of the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club and many other civic and social organizations. At Alliance, Ohio, May 23, 1904, Mr. Myers was married to Miss Etta May Salmon, and they have two sons : Walter Edward, Jr. and Salmon Coppoek Myers. S. S. SAFFOLD is General Agent of the Provident Life & Trust Company of Philadelphia for Eastern Ohio, and during his active career has enjoyed many official associations with various business organizations. Mr. Saffold has been with the Provident Life & Trust 144 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Company thirty-six years of continuous service, and is one of that company's oldest general agents. The Provident Life & Trust was established over fifty years ago, and enjoys one of the most enviable records of the conservative Old Line life insurance companies. Starks Selbert Saffold was born at Mobile, Alabama, March 15, 1852, a son of Judge Milton J. and Martha (Harrison) Saffold. During his youth he received a private school education and attended Graylock and Emerson Institutes and has been a business man since early manhood. In 1881 he became connected with the Provident Life & Trust Company as agent, and for overy thirty years has represented the company both as Special and General Agent. Mr. Saffold has occupied official positions ranging from the office of secretary to president in eight or ten professional and business concerns, but has resigned most of these connections. He is now president of the Acme Equipment & Engineering Company, director of the Chippewa Lake Company, of the Los Serros Copper Company, the Ohio Lemon Company, and is secretary of the Union Syndicate. He is also one of the honored members of the Cleveland Association of Life Underwriters and formerly its president. Mr. Saffold is affiliated with Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Chapter No. 148, Royal Arch Masons, Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar, is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, the Masonic Club, Euclid Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Mayfield Country Club, Cleveland Gun Club, La Carp Duck Club, and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. His offices are in the Garfield Building. At Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, September 1, 1881, he married Miss Harriett Webb. She is now Regent of Western Reserve Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. They have a daughter, Mrs. William C. Young, living in Texas, and one son, J. Webb Saffold, a mechanical engineer, of Cleveland. JUDGE MAURICE BERNSTEIN. Some sage once stated that every man receives two educations, that which he acquires himself and that which other people give him. To an unusual degree Judge Bernstein of Cleveland had his abilities tested and refined by this double process, and it was not alone the qualifications he brought from his study of books but also the experience he gained by active contact with men and affairs that has promoted him at a comparatively early age to the position he now enjoys as a lawyer and citizen. Judge Bernstein was born in Cleveland August 24, 1884, a son of David J. and Augusta (Jacobs) Bernstein. Both parents were ;born in Europe, the mother coming to Cleveland when an infant with her parents and the father at the age of sixteen with his parents. They were students together in the historic Brownell School at Cleveland and were married in this city, after which David Bernstein followed the grocery business for many years, but he and his wife are now living retired. He has been a resident of Cleveland fifty years. There were nine children in the family, five sons and four daughters, all still living. Maurice Bernstein was educated in the public schools, graduating from the Central High in 1903, and in 1906 received his LL. B. degree from the law department of Western Reserve University. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in the same year and has also been qualified to practice in the Federal courts. Beginning practice in 1906, Judge Bernstein handled an individual clientage until February 1, 1917. At that tme he resigned from the municipal bench to become a constituent member of the law firm of Strong, Desberg, Bernstein & Mooney. This firm has been spoken of as the largest young law firm of Cleveland. Besides the members in the active partnership they employ and have connected with them five other young lawyers, constituting a magnificent aggregate of talent and ability. This is the only law firm in Cleveland which occupies two entire floors for their offices, the tenth and eleventh floors of the Cleveland National Bank Building. Judge Bernstein when a boy in school helped support himself by selling newspapers and other work, and he learned how to meet and mingle with men long before his preparatory education was finished. He has been a leading democrat in Cleveland since leaving law school and since he attained his majority. In the early part of 1907 he was appointed acting police judge by the late Mayor Tom Johnson to fill a vacancy. In November of the same year he was elected to the city council. He was a member of that body during 1908-09, when Mayor Johnson was in his last term. It was an historic council, the center of that tremendous fight made over the traction problem. Judge Bernstein was always a warm friend and follower of the late Tom Johnson. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 145 January 1, 1910, he was appointed assistant city solicitor under Mayor Baker, now secretary of war. He was connected with the Baker administration of Cleveland until February 1, 1912, when he resigned in order to resume private practice. In November, 1912, Mr. Bernstein was elected to the State Senate as a member of the 80th General Assembly. He was one of the five senators from the twenty-fifth district, made up of Cuyahoga County. He was chosen as a democrat and was in the Senate until he resigned December 1, 1914, to accept appointment as judge of the Municipal Court of Cleveland to fill a vacancy. He Ailed out the unexpired term and in the fall of 1915 was elected for a six-year term, but resigned the office February 1, 1917. On the same day that he left the municipal bench he was appointed special counsel for the attorney general of Ohio and is still in the position. It is interesting to note that Judge Bernstein has for different reasons resigned every position to which he has been elected by popular vote. He is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, Ohio State Bar Association, American Bar Association, City Club of Cleveland, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Knights of Pythias, Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, Knights of Joseph, Independent Aid Society, H. B. & S. U., and worships in the Euclid Avenue Temple. Judge Bernstein is now a member of the Democratic Central Committee for Cleveland and Cuyahoga County, and taking his career as a whole it seems that politics is his chief hobby, though apparently it does not interfere with his splendid success as a lawyer. On December 25, 1912, Judge Bernstein married Minnie M. Reiss, of Cleveland. Mrs. Bernstein was born in Cleveland and like her husband is a graduate of the Central High School. Their home is at 1442 East 105th Street. Judge and Mrs. Bernstein have two children, Howard Spencer, born at Cleveland December 16, 1913, and George Reiss, born October 2, 1917. GEORGE C. HANSEN. Among the members of the Cleveland bar none has a better record for straightforward and high professional conduct, for success earned with honor and without animosity, than George C. Hansen, of the firm of Blake, Hansen & Gillie. He is a man of scholarly attainments, exact and comprehensive knowledge of the law, and, while an active republican taking part in important civic affairs, has of late years concerned himself chiefly with the pressing and constantly broadening duties of his profession. Mr. Hansen was born May 30, 1868; in the province of Schleswig, Germany, of Danish parents, and was five years of age when he was brought to the United States by his parents, Henry William and Catherine (Petersen) Hansen, the family arriving at New York July 4, 1873, and immediately making their way to Wood County, Ohio, where they located on a farm. In his native land he had been a schoolteacher, but in the United States Mr. Hansen always followed farming and continued to be engaged in that calling until the time of his death, which occurred when he was seventy years of age. The mother still survives and makes her home on the Wood County farm. Henry W. Hansen was one of the men who had made his own way in the world, having come to the United States with but $100 in gold, with which to build up a home and business and take care of a family of seven children. Therefore he believed that all should start to work as soon as they were able, not only for the income which might be made, but also as a means of education. There were twelve children in the family, four being sons and eight daughters, of whom nine lived to years of maturity, and four daughters and two sons still survive, although George C., the fifth in order of birth, is the only resident of Cleveland. The district schools of Wood County furnished George C. Hansen with the preliminary part of his education, and when he was fourteen years of age he began making his own way in the world. It was his father's belief that if the children wished greater educational training than that furnished by the public schools they should themselves earn it, and this the youth set about to do. In 1889 he secured a position as teacher of a country school in Wood County, remaining there through that and the two following years, and then went to Hoytville, Ohio, where he taught from 1892 until 1894. In the meantime, in 1891, he had been able to secure a commercial course in the Toledo Business College. He was a teacher in the University of Florida for one year, and superintendent of the Perrysburg, Ohio, schools from 1896 to 1897. During this time he had attended the Ohio Northern University, from which he was graduated with the class of 1895 and the degree of Bachelor of Arts, and next entered the law department of the University of 146 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Michigan, where he completed the regular three-year course in two years, graduating in 1898 with the degree of Bachelor of Laws. He was admitted to the bars of Ohio and Michigan, as graduation from the University of Michigan was the only thing necessary during those days for such admission, and began the practice of law in June, 1898, in the same building at Cleveland in which his offices are now located. He has since been admitted to practice in the United States and Federal Courts. Mr. Hansen has carried on a general practice and has been a member of several legal combinations, in June, 1917, becoming a member of the firm of Blake, Hansen & Gillie, with offices at 632 Society for Savings Building. He belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association and the National Bar Association, and is a director in numerous banks and corporations, in which his knowledge of the law is considered a valuable asset. Politically a republican, and very active in the affairs of his party, his only public office has been that of assistant prosecutor of Cuyahoga County, which he filled from 1908 to 1910, under John Cline. During the year 1912-3 he served as president of the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce ; and from 1908 to 1910 was president of the Cuyahoga County Sunday School Association. At this time he belongs to the Lakewood Christian Church, and his fraternal connections are with the Odd Fellows and Lakewood.Lodge No. 601, Free and Accepted Masons. The beautiful family home of Mr. Hansen is located at 12612 Detroit Avenue, Lakewood, five miles from the Public Square, and is situated on a tract of about two acres of land, which forms one of the real show places of the suburbs of Cleveland. The spacious home, while built nearly fifty years ago, has been made modern in every way and is very attractive, but the real attraction of the estate is found in the grounds. All his life Mr. Hansen has been a great lover of the outdoors, and on his grounds are planted specimens of every native tree that grows in this section, about every hardy tree of the country and some of them nearly seventy years old, and a wealth of vines, hedges, bushes and shrubbery of every kind. While at college he taught botany and geology and he has retained in full degree his love for flowers and all growing things. Another of his hobbies is natural history, and his library in this connection is said to be one of the largest and most complete in the country. Mr. Hansen is still an active man and one of the best players of the Lakewood Tennis Club. On June 29, 1904, Mr. Hansen was married to Miss Orra Phillips, of Cleveland, Ohio, daughter of Ross and Mary Phillips, now residents of Cleveland but formerly of Columbiana County, where the Phillips family is an old and honored one, having been the first Orangemen of that locality. Mrs. Hansen was born in Columbiana County and educated there and at Salem High School. She taught in the Cleveland public schools prior to her marriage and is an intellectual and well-informed woman. Her home is her chief interest in life, yet she finds time to take an active and helpful part in the work of the Women's Christian Temperance Union. Mr. and Mrs. Hansen have three children, Paul G., Ruth M. and George Phillips, all born at Lakewood, where they are attending the public schools. CAPT. LEVI JOHNSON was one of the most interesting of the early characters of Cleveland, and a man whose constructive enterprise had much to do with changing and directing the current of business activities which eventualized in the rearing of a mighty city where at his early acquaintance had stood only a village with no special distinction to mark it out from half a dozen or more other places of similar size and importance.. Two specific distinctions have always been accorded Captain Johnson in local history. The first frame building in the town was put up by him, and he also owned the first ship ever launched at this port. He was born in Herkimer County, New York, April 25, 1786, and was early left an orphan. He remained in the home of an uncle until he was fourteen. He worked on a farm, attended school when opportunity offered, and from the first his training was one of diligence and good habits of body and mind. He spent four years with Ephraim Derrick in learning the trade of carpenter and joiner. He possessed a mechanical ingenuity, and though his school opportunties were limited he had accurate processes of thought and a methodical mind which did much to promote his subsequent business success. After leaving his first employer he was with Laflet Remington as a journeyman workman for three years. He also put in a year building barns in his section of New York, being associated with Stephen Remington. This brings his life up to 1807. The great tide of immigration which was destined to peo- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 147 ple and develop the Middle West had already begun to flow, and thousands were interested in the lands west of the Alleghenys. A brother of Stephen Remington had toured Northern Ohio, and was especially favorably impressed with the advantages of the settlement of Newburg in Cuyahoga County. On his return East he made a report of his investigations, which was the direct cause of inducing a large number of people to go from New York to Ohio. One of them was Stephen Remington, who at once shut up his shop as a carpenter, packed his tools, and in the fall of 1807 started for Cuyhoga County. In the spring of 1808 Levi Johnson followed suit. However, his journey to Northern Ohio was a series of stages. On reaching Bloomfield, New York, he spent the summer working at his trade, and a few months later proceeded westward, carrying a knapsack on his back. Arriving at Buffalo, he again found employment and put in the winter there. In the month of February his uncle reached Buffalo, also on his way to Ohio, and the two then journeyed together westward. They arrived in Cleveland March 10, 1809. They had traveled in a sleigh to Cleveland. Warmer weather set in, the snow disappeared, and the sleigh had to be abandoned. Some of the party then proceeded on horseback to Huron County, where they met Judge Wright and Mr. Ruggles, who were agents for the Connecticut "fire land," in that part of Ohio. One of the immediate needs for the development of that country was a saw mill. Levi Johnson took the contract to build one at the town of Jessup, now known as Wakeman. In the interval Mr. Johnson returned to Cleveland and fortunately found a home in the family of Judge Walworth, then the leading citizen of the village. Judge Walworth secured Mr. Johnson's services to build an office. Up to that time all the houses in Cleveland were of logs. Judge Walworth's office was the first frame building. At that time Euclid was a flourishing settlement and had the only saw mill in that section of the country. That saw mill made the lumber which was used by Mr. Johnson in putting up the frame office on Superior Street where the American House now stands. Having thus laid his first claim to distinction in the history of Cleveland, Mr. Johnson returned to Huron County for the purpose of carrying out his contract to erect a saw mill for his uncle. It required three or four months to do this, and Mr. Johnson then returned to Cleveland determined to make this his permanent home. For several years he was almost constantly employed building houses and other buildings in Cleveland an din Newburg. He was employed in constructing a saw mill on Tinker's Creek for Mr. Jessup, and while working there made the acquaintance of Miss Margaret Montier. She was the first white girl to come to Huron County and lived there with a family named Hawley. Captain Johnson and Miss Montier became well acquainted, determined to proceed through life as partners, and she went back to Cleveland with Mr. Johnson and temporarily lived in the home of Judge Walworth, which was then the chief place in the village of sixty inhabitants. In 1811 Levi Johnson and Miss Montier were married, and they soon set up their home in a log cabin he had erected on Euclid Avenue near the square. In the Cleveland of a century ago there were buildings at every turn which were the product of Levi Johnson's skill as a carpenter and contractor. In 1812 he took a contract to build the first court house and jail at the northwest corner of the square, opposite the present site of the First Presbyterian Church. The material was to be of logs. In order to make the structure as solid as possible, the broad sides of the logs were placed together. About noon on the 10th of September, 1813, Mr. Johnson and his men were putting the finishing touches to this building. Sounds were heard that were first taken to be distant thunder, but on more careful investigation proved to be the roar of distant cannon. Captain Johnson and his workmen hastened to the banks of the lake, all the inhabitants of the village had in the meantime collected, and this was the first announcement to the people of Cleveland of the great battle being fought at Put-in-Bay by Commodore Perry with the British fleet, a battle which gave the command of the Great Lakes to the American forces during the remainder of the War of 1812. A few days after this battle Levi Johnson and a friend found a large flat boat that had been built by General Jessup for the conveyance of troops and had been abandoned. The two men bought a hundred bushels of potatoes and loading them on the flat boat proceeded to the army and navy headquarters at Put-inBay, where the potatoes proved a welcome addition to the army fare and brought the partners a handsome profit. That was the first of Levi Johnson's successful commercial transactions and as much as anything else started 148 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS him on the road to prosperity. Later he and his companion loaded the flat boat with supplies which were taken to the army at Detroit, and again gave them a large profit. Mr. Johnson entered into a contract with the quartermaster of the Detroit Post to carry a cargo of clothing to the army. It was late in the season and the boat was obstructed by ice, compelling a landing at Huron. Nevertheless the cargo was delivered .and those were the initial successes of Capt. Levi Johnson as a contractor and an important figure in the lake transportation business. He next proceeded with the construction of a vessel of his own. The keel was laid for a ship of thirty-five tons, named Highland. Under many difficulties this boat was finally completed and its launching was a big event in the history of the Cleveland of that day. The boat was hoisted on wheels, and with much strenuous exertion was finally drawn to the edge of the water by twenty-eight yoke of oxen. This launching occurred on the river at the foot of Superior Street, and an immense crowd, as measured in proportion to the population of Northern Ohio at that time, cheered and applauded the exploit. It was the first boat of any size constructed and launched at Cleveland and marks the beginning of Cleveland's history as a shipping center. In the meantime Mr. Johnson continued his business as a builder. He is credited with having built the gallows on which the Indian O'Mie was hanged. In 1811 he put up the Buckeye House and many of the historic structures of the early days were the work of his hands and his organization. He made a great success of his first boat, and when it was launched it was requisitioned for army purposes and on it army stores were transported between Buffalo and Detroit. Two loads or soldiers were also taken from Buffalo to the command of Major Camp at Detroit. On the return trip the guns left by Harrison at Maumee were taken to Erie. In this business Mr. Johnson lost $300 as a result of the quartermaster absconding. In 1815 he began transporting stores to Malden, making his first trip on March 20th. On the second trip to Detroit he was hailed when passing Malden, and when his boat did not stop a shot was fired, the ball passing through the foresail, and after the second shot Mr. Johnson brought his vessel to the shore. The commander of the fort demanded the mail, but Mr. Johnson declined to give it up and though an attempt was made to detain his vessel he spread sail and with a favorable wind got away from his pursuers and did not stop until he had delivered the mail safely at the Detroit post office. In 1815 Captain Johnson built the schooner Neptune, of sixty-five tons, and after taking it to Buffalo he returned with a cargo of merchandise consigned to Jonathan Williamson. In 1817 this vessel made a trip to Mackinac for the American Fur Company, and was employed in the fur trade until the fall of 1819. In 1824 Captain Johnson and his associates built the first steamer ever constructed at Cleveland. It was known as the Enterprise and was of about 200 tons capacity. The Cleveland Press recently published some interesting items concerning this pioneer steamboat, and in the course of the article said : "The building of the Enterprise may be said to mark the beginning of Cleveland's importance in Great Lakes traffic and the industrial progress resulting therefrom. The Enterprise was much different from the ore' freighters that now enter the Cleveland harbor. She was perhaps one-fifth as long and burned wood for fuel. To .Clevelanders she represented a great evolution not only in freight but in passenger traffic. Those accustomed to travel by water had been forced to put up with rude, stuffy quarters in the cabin of a sailing vessel. Although the Enterprise mainly carried freight, she had quarters for passengers." The Enterprise subsequently sailed back and forth over the lake between Buffalo, Detroit and Cleveland until 1828. In that year Captain Johnson sold his interest in the vessel. In 1830, with the firm of Goodman & Wilkeson, he built the Commodore on the Chagrin River, and the construction of this vessel closed his career as a ship builder. He afterwards contracted to build for the general government the old stone lighthouse on the site of the present one at Cleveland harbor. He also built the lighthouse at Cedar Point and set the buoys marking the channel to and into Sandusky Bay. Later Captain Johnson built 700 feet of the east government pier at Cleveland. His various ventures as a builder and vessel owner gave him what was then regarded as a Substantial fortune, and he prudently invested it in real estate. He always showed great faith in Cleveland as a coming city and that faith has been remarkably justified since his lifetime. Even before he died he was rated as a millionaire, and yet he had come to Cleveland almost as a penniless workman. In 1860 he became a director in the Commercial Bank of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 149 Lake Erie. He was always a builder, though not in the original sense. Through his capital he erected some of the structures which were considered the latest word in modern architecture in those days, and he improved some of the most conspicuous lots in the city. In 1812 Captain Johnson was chosen coroner of Cuyahoga County, being the first incumbent of the office. He was also the first man appointed deputy sheriff. He was one of the last survivors of that group of men who had laid the permanent foundation of the city; whose greatness he was in a position to appreciate and realize before his death. Capt. Levi Johnson died December 19, 1871, at the age of eighty-six. He and his wife reared three children : Harriet, Periander and Philander L. PHILANDER L. JOHNSON. The fortune in Cleveland which his father gained by sheer force of energy and will, coupled with good judgment and intelligence, Philander L. Johnson succeeded in augmenting under less strenuous conditions, perhaps, but with reliance upon the same qualities which had made his father so successful. A son of Capt. Levi and Margaret (Mon. tier) Johnson, whose lives as Cleveland pioneers have been described above, Philander L. Johnson was born in Cleveland June 23, 1823. He was the only one of his parents' children born in Cleveland. In the city where he was born and reared he died May 18, 1907, at the age of eighty-four, and at the time was one of the few men whose knowledge of Cleveland's development and history went back to the early '30s. He had the advantages of the common schools, and early became associated with his father. He was especially concerned with his father's real estate business, and probably no one in his generation ever surpassed him in keen, exact and authorative knowledge of real estate values and opportunities. After his father's death he inherited a share of the estate, which in itself was a considerable fortune, but by his own judicious independent investments he made it vastly larger and more important. The public knew that he was one of Cleveland's wealthy men, but it was chiefly concerned in its stewardship of that wealth, and the important thing to remember is that he not only conserved private capital but did much to give the city corresponding benefit by his wise and judicious administration. in his later years Philander L. Johnson became extensively interested in the transportation busi ness on the Great Lakes. Thus he ended his career in a line which had taken the attention of his father at the beginning. In company with others P. L. Johnson bought the barge Kate Winslow, later built the H. J. Johnson and the George Pressely, and in 1892 he was interested in the purchase of the Minnehaha and in 1893 of the Nellie Reddington. Mr. Johnson was a stanch democrat, but never had any desire to gain the distinctions that come through practical participation in politics. He understood that the obligations imposed upon him were chiefly in the wise and constructive administration of his business affairs, and the success with which he discharged these responsibilities should be regarded as his big life work. Philander L. Johnson married Sarah M. Clarke. She was born in Dublin, Ireland, daughter of Michael and Sarah Clarke, but was reared in London, England. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson had six children. Margaret and Mary, the oldest, were twins, and the former is now Mrs. Lorimer Porter and the latter is Mrs. Mary Spencer. The others still living are Harriet K., Mrs. Clare J. Cobb and Levi A. Another son, Clarke Johnson, died in 1891 at the age of eleven years. The father of these children was an active member of the Masonic fraternity. He was a member of both the York and Scottish Rites, was affiliated with Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons, the Knight Templar Commandery, the Ohio Consistory of the Scottish Rite and the Mystic Shrine. He also belonged to the Knights of Pythias. He gave the full strength of his influence to the various movements inaugurated in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, of which he was a member, and was also identified with the Vessel Owners' Association. The many responsibilities connected with the management of his father's estate have now devolved upon his son Levi A. Levi A.. Johnson inherited from his father and grandfather unusual traits of business character, and he was also liberally trained, being a graduate of Yale University. He is one of the younger generation of Cleveland business men, and in his generation he wields a constructive influence not unworthy to be compared with the parts his honored grandfather and father took' in Cleveland history of the past. LEVI ARTHUR JOHNSON has a very distinguished relationship with Cleveland history and affairs. He is a grandson of Capt. Levi