200 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS plant, admirably situated at the corner of Central Avenue and East Sixty-fifth Street, having a frontage of 400 feet on the former street and a depth 350 feet on the latter. It is built of pressed brick and is equipped with the most modern machinery and tools known for spring making. The buildings are well lighted and ventilated, looking to the comfort and convenience of its employes, and every detail for the prompt and efficient manufacture of its product has been carefully worked out. It has been one of the aims of Mr. Girl and the policy of the company not only to supply quality automobile springs but to build and perfect an organization that would brush aside obsolete methods of spring manufacture ; and that could intelligently and successfully perpetuate the business as long as vehicles are used in transportation. In December, 1916, Mr. Girl became the organizer of the Standard Parts Company, which succeeded the Perfection Spring Company, and at the same time acquired the principal assets of the Standard Welding Company, since which time it has acquired the Bock Bearing Company of Toledo, and has complete negotiations to take over the Western Spring and Axle Company, consisting of seven plants in Ohio, Indiana and Michigan, and other properties, also of the very best in their lines, which will give further diversity to the product of the Standard Parts Company, making it the world's leading producer of springs, rims, heaters, tubing, axles, bearings, brake rods, etc. The officers of the company include Christian Girl, president ; P. A. Connolly, former secretary of the Perfection Spring Company and widely known for his marked ability in reference to credits and collections, secretary ; T. E. Borton, former treasurer of the Perfection Springs Company and a member of the firm of Borton & Borton, underwriters of the highest grade of securities, treasurer; F. F. Prentiss, vice president of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company and connected with other leading business enterprises, first vice president; and E. W. Farr, chairman of the board of the Barkwill-Farr Brick Company, second vice president. The board of directors include the following : H. P. McIntosh, Sr., president of the Guardian Savings & Trust Company of Cleveland ; H. P. McIntosh, Jr., vice president of the Guardian Savings & Trust Company ; C. C. Bolton, assistant treasurer of the Bourne-Fuller Company ; Arnold H. Goss, of Detroit, a director of the Chevrolet Motor Company ; and Benjamin A. Gage, senior member of the law firm of Gage, Day, Wilkie & Wachner, of Cleveland. Christian Girl was married at Cleveland, in September, 1909, to Miss Hittie Schottler, and enjoys the pleasures of his home, which he never allows to mix with his business. His hobby is found in the management of his farm at Madison, and he is well known in club and social life, belonging to the Union Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Detroit and Toledo Country Clubs, and the Society of Automobile Engineers. BURT A. MILLER. Few men engaged in the bond and surety business have had a broader or more varied experience than Burt A. Miller, who is now conducting operations along this line at Cleveland, where he is well known in business and professional circles. He is a well qualified lawyer and as a citizen has been prominent in a number of movements which have benefited the city commercially and in other ways. Mr. Miller was born at Canton, Ohio, March 17, 1871, a son of William K. and Sarah (Burwell) Miller, both now deceased. His father was born in Tusearawas County, Ohio, of English parentage and his mother at Niles in Trumbull County, Ohio. She was a first cousin of the late President William McKinley. The Burwell family occupied while living at Niles a doable house, one-half by the Burwells and the other by the McKinley family. William K. Miller was for many years engaged in the manufacture of reapers and mowers and threshing machines, having a long and active connection with the firm of Russell & Company of Massillon, Ohio, and later with the Peerless Reaper Company of Canton. He originated many inventions applied to reaping and mowing machinery, including what is known as the Hinge bar. Burt A. Miller was educated in the public schools of Canton, also attended Cornell University, and was graduated from the Cincinnati Law School in May, 1895. For a time he practiced law with the firm of Miller & Pomerene of Canton. This firm consisted of the late Charles R. Miller and Hon. Atlee Pomerene, present United States Senator. In 1897 in addition to practicing law Mr. Miller became agent for the United States Fidelity and Guaranty Company of Baltimore, a surety corporation then just organized. For several years Mr. Miller was second lieutenant in the Eighth Regiment, Ohio National Guard. At the outbreak of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 201 Spanish-American war he assisted in the organization of another regiment which was not called into the field. During the winter of 1898-99 he went to Cuba and was one of the pioneers in the surety bond business, organizing it when the flag went up for the first American occupation. He remained in Cuba until the fall of 1901. While there he prepared the Insurance Deposit Law under which all foreign insurance companies do business in Cuba. This law fixes the amounts of their deposits to be made with the treasurer of Cuba. On leaving the island Mr. Miller came to Cleveland in 1901 and for three years was connected with the organization of the Bankers Surety Company. The surety bond business has been his chief business ever since and he is now manager at Cleveland for the New Amsterdam Casualty Company of Baltimore. He is also vice president of the Surety Association of Cleveland. The only secret society to which Mr. Miller belongs is Canton Lodge of Masons. He is a Sigma Alpha Epsilon and a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and the Cleveland Rotary Club. He is Presbyterian by adoption. At Canton December 27, 1899, Mr. Miller married Miss Jane Rabe, daughter of Thomas H. and Josephine S. Rabe. Her parents still live in Canton, her father being president and treasurer of the Canton Malleable Iron Company. To their marriage have been born two children: Thomas Rabe Miller, now a student in University School ; and Jane Katherine Miller, a student at Laurel School. WALTER S. LISTER. While the words attorney at law still follow his name on the door of his offices in the Williamson Building, Walter S. Lister has for a number of years been less known as a lawyer and more as a business man with interests and increasing responsibilities not only in Cleveland but in various sections of the United States. His is the case of a young man of restricted opportunities who gets a liberal education out of rather than in school, and proves himself a man of affairs by hard work in different fields. Walter Scott Lister was born at Windham, Iowa, March 3, 1871. His parents, Rev. James and Margaret (Mackenzie) Lister, were both born in Cumberland County, England, were married there in November, 1861, came to this country in 1865, and are now living retired at Cleveland. These good people had a large family of twelve children, six sons and six daughters, and the vitality that has carried the parents to advanced years is also shown in their children since eleven of them are still living, and it was an accident which caused the death of the other child. In order of age the children are noted briefly as follows: Mrs. E. P. Coulter, of Spokane, Washington; Thomas, of Cleveland; Mrs. Charles Lawrence of Canton, Ohio; Mrs. J. M. Groff of North Lawrence, Stark County, Ohio; Walter S.; Albert F., also of Cleveland; Charles H., of Minneapolis; George W., of Hudson, Ohio ; Nettie, wife of Rev. W. S. Lake of Miles City, Montana ; William J. of Cleveland; Ida May, who died in childhood; Elsie M.. wife of J. S. Ross of Northport, Washington. The two eldest were born in England, and the others were born in Ohio except Walter S. and Albert F., both natives of Iowa. Walter Scott Lister was educated in the public schools of Ohio, but had only thirty-three months of schooling all told. At twelve years. of age he entered the coal mines in the famous Massillon District, continuing at this work for three years; thereafter, and until he reached his majority, by farm labor, carpentry or machine shop employment, he helped bear the burden of maintaining the family of younger children, but, throughout these years of toil, in all his leisure hours he kept up his studies, and made the best of every opportunity. After reaching his majority he attended Denison University for a short time. When only a boy Mr. Lister developed a passion for the study of law, and while earning his living at Cleveland he studied under Cleveland lawyers until, in June, 1895, he was admitted to the Ohio bar. He then began practice in this city ; but gradually his time and energies were taken away from the strict lines of his profession and more and more have been absorbed by business affairs. In the past five years he has given almost his entire time to the business of certain corporations at Cleveland and elsewhere. Mr. Lister is a director, secretary and treasurer of The C. O. Bartlett & Snow Company of Cleveland ; director, secretary and treasurer of Cobwell Corporation, of Cleveland ; director of the Pacific Reduction Company of Los Angeles; director and secretary of The C. Masek Glue & Reduction Company, of Cleveland. Mr. Lister is a Wilson democrat, a mem- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 203 ber of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and of the Congregational Church of Twinsburg, Ohio. Since 1908 Mr. Lister has made his home in that noted old Western Reserve community with its New England spirit and people, Twinsburg, Ohio. When in 1917 Twinsburg prepared to celebrate the one hundredth anniversary of its founding, Mr. Lister was placed at the head of a committee to plan the celebration. He developed the idea of producing a pageant illustrative of the town's history. There were 355 persons taking part. The object and purpose of the pageant may be briefly described by quoting from the "Book of the Pageant" written by Miss S. Gertrude Hadlow, Pageant Director: "A community pageant is the history of a town presented in dramatic form by the citiens of the town, their wives and children. Its object is to revive and maintain a memory of the past and, by honoring the worthy men of earlier days, to awaken civic pride. It is neither a theatrical nor spectacular performance. It is a simple straightforward story of the life of a typical agricultural community. It is performed by them in a spirit of reverence and must be so received by those who watch its enactment." Mr. Lister has been largely instrumental in effecting improvements in many conditions affecting the lives of the people of Twinsburg, such as telephone service, water system, electric lighting, the centralization of schools, the organization of a public library, and along other lines, and both he and his wife have identified themselves thoroughly with the social spirit and civic life of that wholesome community. On May 18, 1898, Mr. Lister married Miss Minnie Frances Bartlett, daughter of Charles O. and Emma R. (Snow) Bartlett. Her parents now reside at the old Snow homestead at Brecksville, where Mrs. Lister was born. In 1904 Mr. Lister had the leading part in organizing the Glen Valley Club of Brecksville, which has since become one of the notable organizations of its kind in Northern Ohio, and has developed for country club purposes a beautiful site of about two hundred acres. Mr. Lister now owns a country home and farm of about a hundred acres at Twinsburg. Mrs. Lister is a member of the Woman's City Club of Cleveland, and for the past six years has been a member of the Board of Education of Twinsburg and has done much for the cause of education in that locality. The four children of Mr. and Mrs. Lister, all born at Cleveland, are : Walter Bartlett, who, in January, 1918, while a junior in Denison University and at eighteen years of age, enlisted in the 135th Field Artillery; Alice Fay, now in high school at Twinsburg; Fanny Snow and James Mackenzie. A. E. GOLDHAMER. An active business career preceded Mr. Goldhamer's entrance into the legal profession where he has been making for himself unusual opportunities and has gained distinct prestige as one of the able members of the Cleveland bar. He has offices in the Cuyahoga Building and is engaged in general practice. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1912 and has also been adinitted to practice in the United States Court. Mr. Goldhamer was born at Cleveland August 1, 1877, a son of Max and Lena (Keller) Goldhamer. Both parents were born in Hungary, were married there, and came to the United States after the birth of two children, in 1874. In Hungary Max Goldhamer was a school teacher and also for a time was superintendent of a coal mine. In Cleveland he engaged in business as a metal manufacturer and plater and conducted one of the leading establishments of that kind for many years. He died April 10, 1907, his widow still living. They had a family of six sons and one daughter, the latter dying in infancy. All the sons are alive and all residents of Cleveland except William N., whose home is in Chicago but who is in business as a manufacturer of stoves and ranges at Benton, Illinois. The other sons are: L. D., a dry goods merchant on St. Clair Avenue ; J. W., proprietor of The Cleveland Platers Supply Company ; Samuel, secretary of the Federation of Jewish Charities; and Joseph, an oil salesman. Max Goldhamer was founder of the Jewish Orphans Herne at Cleveland, and his widow is now treasurer of that organization and more than thirty years ago she also founded the Austria-Hungarian Woman's Charitable Association of Cleveland. A. E. Goldhamer received a limited education in the Cleveland public schools and as a boy went to work in his father's factory, known as the Buckeye Plating Works. That was twenty-five years ago and the old shop stood on Sheriff Street, now East Fourth CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 203 Street. He continued to work in that establishment for about ten years and subsequently for eight years was in the grocery business with his brother-in-law under the name P. H. Unger Company at 2108 St. Clair Avenue. While he had no reason to be dissatisfied with his success in business Mr. Goldhamer's real ambition was for other lines of activity. He took up the study of law, attending the night school of the Cleveland Law School and graduated in 1912 with the degree LL. B. While attending law college he also wrote life and fire insurance policies and thus paid his expenses. After his admission to the bar he opened his office in the Cuyahoga Building, and has always practiced alone. He is a member in good standing of the Cleveland Bar Association, is a member of the City Club, Civic League, Cleveland Lodge No. 18 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and of Euclid Avenue Temple. Mr. Goldhamer and family reside at 957 Parkwood Drive. When not busied with the cares of his profession he gets his favorite recreation in hunting and motoring. On February 23, 1902, he married Miss Jennie Unger, who was born at Zanesville, Ohio, daughter of P. H. and Lottie Esther (Newman) Unger. She received most of her education in the Zanesville public schools. Mrs. Goldhamer is a member of the Temple League of Cleveland. They have two children : Eleanor Frances and Milton S., both born at Cleveland and both now attending high school. ORIEL D. ESHELMAN, head of the law firm Eshelman, Barnes & Richmond, in the American Trust Building, began practice at Cleveland in 1910. There was no period of waiting for clients in his case, and from the first he has been enjoying a good living practice and has acquired many influential interests both as a lawyer and business man. Good sound ability coupled with hard work has been responsible for his rapid advancement. Mr. Eshelman was born in Ashland, Ohio, May 20, 1884, a son of David and Harriet (Landis) Eshelman. His parents were both born in Ohio, his father at Congress and his mother at Albion. The mother died in 1892 and the father is now living with his son Oriel. The Eshelman family traces its origin back to Switzerland. The first American was Hen-rich Eshelman, who came from Switzerland in 1719 and settled near Lancaster, Pennsyl vania, His relationship to.O. D. Eshelmane f Cleveland is best stated as grandfather of the latter's grandfather. Mr. Eshelman's grand father was Rev. Joseph Eshelman who cam; from Pennsylvania and was one of the pioneer settlers of Wayne County, Ohio. He was an early day preacher and circuit rider of the Dunkard Church and also filled the office of presiding elder in that church. David Eshelman spent his active career as a farmer. From Wayne County he moved to Sullivan, Ohio, operated a saw mill there for several years, also lived at Ashland, and finally returned to Wayne County where he had his home until 1894. In 1895 he came to Cleveland and has since lived with his son in this city. His wife's people were the Landis, Berry and Fast, all well known families of Ashland County. David Eshelman and wife were married at Ashland and were the parents of five daughters and one son : Mrs. Earl L. Stafford of Rocky River; Miss Lavina Eshelman of Ashland ; Mrs. James Fish, who died at Cleveland in 1906 ; Mrs. Adam Rumbaugh of Lodi, Ohio; Mrs. James L. Wilson of Rocky River ; and Oriel D. Oriel D. Eshelman, the youngest of his father's family, was educated in the public schools of Ashland, took his preparatory work in the Wallace College at Berea. and in 1908 graduated Bachelor of Science from the Ohio Northern University at Ada and in the following year completed the law course and received the LL. B. degree. Mr. Eshelman was admitted to the Jar in June, 1909. While at Ohio Northern he was active in debating societies and was president of the Adelphia Literary Society. He began practice at Cleveland in 1910. Mr. Eshelman in Masonry is affiliated with Dover Lodge No. 489 Free and Accepted Masons, Mount Olive Chapter No. 189 Royal Arch Masons, Forest City Commandery Knights Templers, El Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and is also a member of Guyer' Lodge of Knights of Pythias. His parents were both Dunkards and he was reared as a Methodist. Mr. Eshelman is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association and the Commercial Law League of America. At Bowerston, Ohio, October 5, 1914, he married Miss Dolletta Mary Penn, daughter of William B. and Martha (Weyant) Penn, both now deceased. While Bowerston was a town of only 500 population her father built 204 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS up a general merchandise business there which required the services of thirty-five clerks, and was one of the most prosperous general country stores in Ohio. His sons, Oliver W. and Harry W., still carry on this business. Mrs. Eshelman was born at Bowerston, graduated from the high school there and finished her education in Wooster College where she studied music. Mr. and Mrs. Eshelman have their home at 15400 Hillard Road in Lakewood. Both their children were born there, Martha Elizabeth and Robert Penn. FRANK S. BASKIN. After a long experience as a traveling salesman for school furniture, Frank Baskin became one of the chief organizers of The Cleveland Seating Company, one of the principal industries and business houses of Cleveland, and is now its president. The Cleveland Seating Company manufactures school furniture and supplies, opera chairs and seating facilities for every type of public edifice, while another considerable feature of their output is playground and manual training equipment. The business is the outgrowth of long study and experience of practical men and also of expert technical skill. It would be possible to draw up a long list of churches, auditoriums, laboratories, offices, all over the country which use the Qutput of The Cleveland Seating Company, while its school furniture has rapidly made headway against all competition and its desks, chairs and other equipment are used in literally thousands of institutions. Mr. Baskin, the president of this company, was born in Hillsboro, Highland County, Ohio, September 26, 1859, the only son and child of Thomas H. and Ellen (Turner) Baskin. In the paternal line he is of Irish ancestry, while his mother represented Pennsylvania Dutch stock. Both families were early settlers of Pennsylvania, but the parents were born in Highland County, Ohio. Thomas H. Baskin was an attorney by profession at Hillsboro, but paid more attention to his farm in that county than to his law practice. He died at the age of seventy-eight and his wife when seventy-three. Frank S. Baskin attended the country schools of his native locality and in 1880 graduated from the Normal School at Danville, Indiana. After a few years of experience as a teacher in Highland County and Madison County, Ohio, he went on the road as a traveling salesman from London, Ohio, representing the United States School Furniture Company of Chicago. Three years later he continued with the successor of that company, The American School Furniture Company, and was one of its most efficient business getters until 1909. For the last two years he had charge of the branch office of this firm at Cleveland. It was in 1909 that Mr. Baskin organized The Cleveland Seating Company. He served as its secretary until 1915, since which time he has been president and general manager. He is independent in politics, is a charter member and treasurer of Heights Lodge No. 633 Free and Accepted Masons, a member of Heights Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Cleveland Council Royal and Select Masons, Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He still retains affiliation with the Knights of Pythias Lodge at London, Ohio, and is a member of the Cleveland Rotary Club, the National Credit Men's Association and the Trinity Congregational Church. At Hillsboro, Ohio, March 26, 1883, Mr. Baskin married Miss Ida Cluxton, daughter of James R. and Therese (Moore) Cluxton. Her parents are now deceased and they represented some of the early families to settle in Southern Ohio. Mrs. Baskin was born at Sardinia, Brown County, Ohio, but was reared and educated at Hillsboro. Mr. and Mrs. Baskin have three children : Roland A., a successful young lawyer of Cleveland ; Wanita, who was born at London, Ohio, and graduated from the Central High School of Cleveland in 1910; and Kenneth S., who was born at London, Ohio, July 4, 1898, the day the news of the glorious victory of the American Navy at Santiago, Cuba, was received, and is now a member of the class of 1918 in the Heights High School. During his vacation in 1917 he made a splendid record as a traveling representative of The Cleveland Seating Company in Michigan. Frank S. Baskin has few interests between his business office in the Rose Building and his residence at 2903 Edgehill Road in Cleveland Heights. He is a home man, and business and home life have furnished him everything that his modest ambition craves. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 205 HUGH J. MONSON. Some twenty years ago Hugh J. Monson was attending a modest retail store for a relative down at Columbus, Ohio. It would have been called a rash prediction which would have foreseen a wide and important horizon for his youth, enterprising and diligent though he was. It was as a matter of fact through the humble trade of a lamp maker that Mr. Monson found his big opportunity. It is not so many years ago that he left the ranks of wage earners to set up in business for himself, and his early struggles in getting recognition for his product would make a story in itself. It is sufficient to say that today Mr. Monson and his associates have one of the leading businesses in the country for the supply of lamps for the automobile trade. He was born in a country district of Northern Missouri, in Lynn County, December 30, 1878, a son of Samuel T. and Mattie (Squire) Monson. His early environment was shut in by the duties of his father's farm and by a few months each year of attendance at district schools. When fourteen years of age he went to Columbus, Ohio, and it was there for several years he paid his way by working for his aunt, as clerk in her small store. In 1897 another avenue of work, though hardly a promotion, was presented when he became bell boy for the Southern Hotel of Columbus. In the spring of 1898 Mr. Monson responded to the call of patriotic enthusiasm and enlisted in Troop D of the First Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. Later he was transferred to Troop G. He was with the volunteer forces for eight months, and on returning to Columbus he and his cousin, Dwight Shannon, bought a horse and wagon and for a year traveled about the city and surrounding territory selling candy to retail merchants. He left this to become a roustabout employe of John W. Brown & Company, lamp manufacturers. From casual duties he was assigned to a bench and learned the lamp making trade and followed it three years at Columbus. The next year he spent at Richmond, Indiana, with the Richmond Manufacturing Company, also as a lamp maker, and after that until 1907 was a lamp maker for the Badger Brass Company, manufacturers of automobile lamps, at Kenosha, Wisconsin. Mr. Monson came to Cleveland in 1907, and with William F. Persons and William Bunce established the Guide Motor Lamp Manufacturing Company, with a small shop on East Fourth Street between Prospect and Euclid. It was hardly a business which attracted much attention in those early days. They were equipped with facilities and experience to manufacture automobile lamps and do a general repair work, but the partners themselves constituted the working force, and there was no pay roll and for a year or so very little need for bookkeeping. In fact it was the hardest task of Mr. Monson's business experience to succeed in interesting people in his product. The first important order received, and the start of their business prosperity, came from the Rauch & Lang Electric Motor Car Company, and the Baker Electric Company. These companies assigned them contracts for making a few dozen motor lamps, and after that the way of prosperity was considerably smoothed out. In May, 1913, the business was incorporated, and since then Mr. Monson has been president and general manager, with J. D. Kauffman as secretary and treasurer. Cleveland has been recognizing and taking some account of this growing industry during the past five years. At the time of incorporation the firm erected a two-story building on Madison Avenue between 114th and 115th streets, furnishing 12,000 square feet of floor space. In 1915 a one-story addition adjoining on 115th Street was made necessary, in 1916 they doubled this by making it two stories. This furnished 5,600 more square feet, but in 1917 another one-story addition, was placed on 114th Street, giving 3,900 square feet. These building additions serve as an index to the growth and development of the business itself. The company manufactures a general line of automobile lamps, and now furnishes these accessories to a large number of Cleveland automobile factories, and to many companies in other cities. One interesting contract recently handled as an initial order, was to furnish lamps for 2,500 of the Liberty trucks for war purposes. The volume of business done by the company in 1917 aggregated fully $300,000 and 115 men are now on the payroll. While Mr. Monson has given the best energies of his years to creating and building up this business, he is also a director in the Blue Serge Stores Company, and a member of the auxiliary board of the Security Savings & Loan Company. He is active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the National Chamber of Commerce and in 1915-16 was a. director of the Cleveland Association of Credit Men. He is a member of the Cleveland and National Society of Auto Motive Engineers, 206 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of the Ohio State Board of Commerce, the Automobile Club, is an honorary member of the Pen and Pencil Club, of the Wolverine Automobile Club of Detroit, the old Colonial Club, and is affiliated with Brooklyn Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons ; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Knights of Pythias and the Royal League. In politics he is independent. On January 23, 1901, at Columbus, Ohio, he married Mary Werner. They have four children, Helen M., Margery E., Genevieve F. and Hugh Talbot. MILTON LEE LOCHER. Although comparatively a late comer into the legal world of Cleveland, Milton Lee Locher, who possesses the highest qualifications for his profession in a quick grasp of salient points, an impressive manner and strong influence over a jury, as well as considerable oratorical gifts, has already achieved prominence and popularity. He was born at Bluffton, Ohio, June 3, 1888, being a son of Christian and Fanny (Lugibill) Locher, the former a native of Switierland and the latter of Ohio, and both of whom died at Bluffton. Christian Locher was eight years of age when he was brought to the United States, the family locating at Buffton, Ohio, a small agricultural community, in 1849. There he was educated, reared and married, and throughout his life was engaged in farming, clearing and cultivating a property of 180 acres, which is now owned by two of his sons, who purchased it in 1915. Mr. Locher was an industrious and energetic man, a skilled farmer and good citizen, and rounded out a well-filled life of sixty-seven years, dying March 11, 1909. Mrs. Locher had passed away April 30, 1890, when forty-five years old. All of the nine children, eight sons and one daughter, were born on the old home place, and all are still living, as follows : Gideon, who is now postmaster at Bluffton ; Hiram, who is a clothier at Bluffton, Ohio; Ephriam, who in May, 1906, went to Roumania as representative of the Standard Oil Company and returned to the United States in May, 1917, after numerous interesting and sometimes perilous experiences in that war ridden country ; Mary, who is the widow of Samuel Diller, of Bluffton ; Eli, a farmer of that community; Cyrus, who was prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County from 1913 to 1917 and is now a practitioner with offices in the New Guardian Building, Cleveland; Samuel and Christian, who bought the home farm in 1915 and have since been engaged in its cultivation ; and Milton Lee. Milton Lee Locher was educated in the Pandora Township graded and high schools and was graduated from the latter in 1906. He next entered the Ohio Wesleyan University, at Delaware, where he remained • for three years, subsequently entering and graduating from the Ohio State University, from the law department of which he secured his degree in June, 1912, with high honors. He had been admitted to the bar of Ohio in the preceding December, but did not commence practice at Cleveland until January, 1913, since which time he has been identified with much important litigation and has"built up a large and remunerative practice. For three years he had offices in the Sweatland Building, but in 1916 changed his headquarters to the American Trust Building, where he occupies suite No. 310. Equally at home in any branch of his profession, he has carried on a general business, not confining himself to any specialties. In politics Mr. Locher is a democrat. He belongs to the Tuxedo and Sycamore clubs and to the Civic League, and is a great lover of baseball and football. Mr. Locher is unmarried. ARTHUR J. HUDSON, a patent attorney, member of the well known firm of Thurston & Kris, with offices in the Citizens Building, has lived in Cleveland since boyhood and secured his thorough education in patent law at Washington, District of Columbia. He was born in Boston, Massachusetts, June 21, 1880, son of J. Emmons and Elizabeth J. (Hawkes) Hudson. His parents are now living with Mr. Hudson in Cleveland. His father was born at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, and his mother at North Adams, Massachusetts. J. E. Hudson has engaged in different lines of business and is now retired. The family removed to Cleveland in 1890. There are two sons, both natives of Boston, and the younger is Walter E., now connected with a manufacturing firm in Cleveland. Arthur J. Hudson was ten years of age when brought to Cleveland. He had previously attended the schools in Boston and continued his education in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from the Central High with the class of 1899. He then entered the Case School of Applied Science, from which CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 207 he received his bachelor of science degree in 1903. To secure the best possible advantages in training for his career as a patent lawyer, Mr. Hudson removed to Washington, District of Columbia, and pursued his formal law course in Georgetown University, from which he received the degree bachelor of laws in 1907. He was admitted to the District of Columbia bar and in 1908 to the Ohio bar. After graduating from Georgetown University he did work in the patent law firm of Bates, Fouts & Hull for about two years, and for three years had a practical experience in the patent office as assistant examiner of patents. Since 1908 Mr. Hudson has been in active practice at Cleveland and all his work is in handling cases and litigation involving patent law. In politics he is a republican. He is a member of Lakewood Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, and his recreations are tennis and music. He is one of the prominent members of the Singers Club and the Lakewood Tennis Club. His home is at 1531 Grace Avenue in Lakewood. At Washington, District of Columbia, August 19, 1909, he married Miss Grace Stailey, daughter of C. B. P. and Lucy M. (Yantis) Stailey. Her father was for many years connected with the United States Postoffice Department at Washington, ' It in 1914 removed to Cleveland where heis employed in the local postoffiee service. Mrs. Hudson was born at Harpers Ferry, Virginia, and was educated in the public schools of Washington. They are the parents of three children : Jay S., Irma G., and Mildred A., all born in Cleveland. CLARE CARLTON NORTH has gained some unique distinctions in insurance circles in Northern Ohio, not only as a high power salesman and efficient business getter, but as a lecturer in the general field of insurance salesmanship and also as writer and publisher of some very valuable literature known to insurance men as "The North Method." Mr. North was born at Andover, Ohio, December 30, 1880. His father was Charles A. North, his grandfather Sedgwiek North, the latter a native of Madison, Lake County, Ohio. Sedgwick North was a nephew of that famous Lord North who was first lord of the treasury of England under King George III from 1770 until the close of the American Revolution. The mother of Mr. C. C. North was Hattie Vol. II-14 E. (Ware) North, a daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth Ware of Orwell, Ashtabula County. Her mother was of the Savage family, among the first settlers of Ashtabula. Clare Carlton North acquired a liberal education and in 1903 graduated from that old and noted school of Western Reserve, Grand River Institute at Austinburg, Ohio. For two years he was a high school superintendent in Ashtabula, but in 1905 entered the field of life insurance as a salesman, and was successively special agent, general agent and then supervisor of agents for the Midland and Mutual Life Insurance Company of Columbus. Life insurance has represented to Mr. North not only a business but a profession, and out of his close and enthusiastic study has come the work of his later years as an author and originator of the North system of salesmanship, which is a profound analysis of every situation and condition bearing upon the relations between the salesman and the prospect. It has seemed that Mr. North has analyzed and put into plain reasoning every fact and condition knowledge of which opens a way for successful insurance salesmanship. In fact Mr. North has supplied practically everything to the life insurance salesman except those fundamental prerequisites of character, personality and industry which no system however elaborate can give. This "North Method of Life Insurance Salesmanship" was copyrighted by Mr. North in 1917 and is published by "The House of North" at Cleveland, Ohio. Mr. North prior to putting his knowledge into published form has lectured on the subject throughout the United States, At his home Town of Madison in Lake County he has served as a member of the village school board. Mr. North's Cleveland offices are in the Guardian Building. He is a republican, is a past master of Lake Shore Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, is a member of the Independent Order of Odd FelloWs, is a member of the county committee of the Lake County Y. M. C. A.. and has filled that office since its organization. He has done much active work in the National Association of Life Underwriters. He was superintendent of a Sunday school at the age of nineteen and has long been prominent in Sunday school and church of the Congregational denomination. August 30, 1904, at Trumbull in Ashtabula County Mr. North married Edith B. Reigert, daughter of John M. and Annie Reigert. Mrs. North is a graduate of the Geneva High 208 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS School with the class of 1901. They have one son, John Carlton North, born June 2, 1911. FRANK LINCOLN CROBATJGH. To the individual who has attained only average success, the varied and substantial achievements of Frank Lincoln Crobaugh seem to make evident his possession of talents far beyond the ordinary and abilities marked and versatile. Richly endowed with the qualities of initiative and resource, concentration and enthusiasm, and with his native City of Cleveland as the setting for the consummation of his ambitions, his varied accomplishments have included the making of a name and reputation in chemistry and metallurgy, in the business world generally, and more particularly, of recent years, in the field of real estate and mortgages, to which latter lines he now devotes himself exclusively. Mr. Crobaugh was born at old No. 91 Garden Street, Cleveland, Ohio, August 7, 1866, and is a son of Samuel and Lucy Jane (Hawes) Crobaugh. His father, who was of German ancestry, was a veteran photographer of Cleveland, of the year 1851, and was the first to produce daguerreotypes in the city, where he first had offices at Ontario Street and Public Square and later a studio in Hoffman's Block, opposite the postoffice. Mrs. Crobaugh, who was of Puritan stock, directly traceable to the Mayflower, was prominent for a number of years in literary circles of Cleveland. Frank Lincoln Crobaugh was graduated from the Central High School of Cleveland in 1885, and from Case School of Applied Science in the chemical course in 1889, with the degree of bachelor of sciences. About ten years later the same institution conferred upon him the degree of master of science for a thesis entitled "Hints for Beginners in Iron Analysis." Mr. Crobaugh has also written many articles on chemical and metallurgical subjects. He is author of "Methods of Chemical Analysis and Foundry Chemistry." Be; fore leaving college, and for a short time afterward, he was assistant in the chemical laboratory of J. H. Cremer of Cleveland, and then became chemist to the Stewart Iron Company of Sharon, Pennsylvania, where his experience and studies were with the analysis and production of several special grades of pig iron, much bar and coke, all of which were produced by that company. In addition to this, he had an excellent experience in the chemistry and manufacture of steel castings at what was then known as the Sharon Steel Casting Company, with whose management he was friendly. After more than four years of diligent application at Sharon, he returned to Cleveland and established himself in the old Bratenahl Building as an expert chemist and metallurgist, along with which he for the first ten years held the chair of chemistry in the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College, where his knowledge of sanitary and pathological chemistry was elaborated. About 1913 he organized the Frank L. Crobaugh Company, chemists and metallurgists, and became its president, a company which is still one of the foremost of its kind in the country. In 1913 he retired from the chemical field to open an office at No. 1426 Illuminating Building, where he is engaged in real estate and mortgage work, in which he has always been interested. Mr. Crobaugh is a republican, and belongs to the Colonial Club and the Cleveland Business Men's Club. With his family, he holds membership in the Universalist Church. Mr. Crobaugh was married May 8, 1890, at Cleveland, to Ida Florence Stoddard, daughter of Chester M. and Jane (Wright) Stoddard, and granddaughter of Dr. Martin L. and Maria (Remington) Wright. Doctor Wright, who was one of the first graduates in medicine and dentistry of Western Reserve Medical College, attained prominence during his many years' practice of dentistry at Cleveland, having made several important dental inventions. Mr. and Mrs. Crobaugh have cle son: Samuel Chester, who was married April 20, 1916, to Margaret E. Malone, daughter of Rev. J. Walter and Emma B. Malone. S. CHESTER CROBAUGH, a lawyer by profession, is one of Cleveland's active younger business men. Several well known business organizations have required most of his time since he began practice, and it is in business circles that he is best known. He has spent nearly all his life in Cleveland, but was born in Sharon, Pennsylvania, March 5, 1891, only son and child of Frank L. and Ida F. (Stoddard) Crobaugh. His parents are still living in Cleveland and more complete reference to them will be found on other pages. Chester Crobaugh was educated in the Bolton grammar school, graduated from the Central High School with the class of 1909, and then took two years work as a special student in French, German and history at Adelbert College. He prepared for the law in the Western Reserve University, graduating CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 209 LL. B. with the class of June, 1914. In the same month he was admitted to the bar after examination at Columbus. It is said that no one ever passed a more creditable examination at Columbus than Mr. Crobaugh. His standing in all the subjects averaged 94 3/10 per cent. It was a most creditable performance, and the more so because he was one of 285 applicants for admission at the time. In the summer of 1914 Mr. Crobaugh began practice at Cleveland with Karl Germain as partner under the name Crobaugh & Germain, with offices in the Illuminating Building. This partnership continued until the summer of 1916, when Mr. Germain retired on account of ill health. In 1915 Mr. Crobaugh organized The Investors Mortgage Company, of which he is president and treasurer. To this business he gives most of his time and attention. The Investors Mortgage Company has authorized capital stock of $250,000, and $150,000 of stock have been paid in. The company specializes in the buying of second mortgages, and its financial condition is highly satisfactory. As shown by the official statement of January, 1918, the total resources aggregate approximately $234,000. Its real estate loans have been judiciously distributed and the assets are adequate for all possible contingencies. Mr. Crobaugh is also president of the Frank L. Crobaugh Company, Metallurgists, and is secretary and treasurer of the Cuyahoga Galvanizing and Manufacturing Company, successors to the Electro Galvanizing Company. These business organizations and several, others together with his general practice as a lawyer make Mr. Crobaugh one of the busiest men in the city. Politically he is independent. He is a member of the City Club, Civic League, Cleveland Heights Tennis Club, Cleveland Athletic Club and the First Friends Church of Cleveland. April 20, 1916, he married Miss Margaret Malone of Cleveland, daughter of Rev. J. Walter Malone, pastor of the First Friends Church of Cleveland and one of the leading ministers of the Quaker Church in this country. Her mother is Emma (Brown) Malone. Mrs. Crobaugh was born in Cleveland, is a graduate of Oakwood Seminary at Union Springs, New York, and also spent a year in Oberlin College and a year in the Woman's College of Western Reserve University. HERBERT C. CUMMINGS, attorney and counselor at law, and secretary, treasurer and manager of the Credit Adjustment Company, is one of Cleveland's successful young men. The story of how he gained success is a lesson and incentive. There were many stubborn difficulties to overcome in the way. He was about sixteen when thrown upon his own resources. He was active; alert, was willing to accept the humblest employment, but was steadily persistent in looking for something better. Opportunity came to him in the guise of a position as elevator boy in the Lake Shore Railway offices. He operated the elevator there just one week. In those six days he asked the head of every department in the building for a job. The manager of the advertising department took him out of the cage and put him to work with the office force. He remained in that department nearly two years and the experience and training meant more to him than any other one factor in his life. Herbert C. Cummings was born at Cleveland, April 28, 1887, a son of John F. and Carrie (Chatterton) Cummings. His mother is still living in Cleveland. His father, who died in November, 1913, was a traveling salesman, also followed the trade of barber, and for several years operated as a holder of concessions in the parks around Cleveland. He had brilliant qualities as a business man but placed too much confidence in others and when he died at the age of forty-one he was still far short of a successful position. Both parents were born in Cleveland. Mr. Cummings' mother was the daughter of Joseph Chatterton who was a city councilman at the time of his death. The only child of his parents, Herbert C. Cummings attended the public schools of Cleveland and from the age of sixteen until he was twenty-six struggled for a better education by attending night school. During that time he held every sort of job from elevator boy to an office auditor. As a student of night school he attended the West High and the Central High, finishing the high school work while a student of law. He was in the Berkey & Dykes Business College and the Metropolitan Business College, and a student of higher accounting in the Young Men's Christian Association School. He was already an expert accountant when lie took up the study of law at the age of twenty-three. From the railway office he had gone as a bookkeeper for a local firm, and continued his work as an accountant with different companies until he 210 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS was ready to establish himself in business. Mr. Cummings attended the law school of the Baldwin-Wallace College, and in 1913 was given the degree Bachelor of Laws. Magna Cum Laude, and he also took the faculty prize at the time of his graduation. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in June, 1913, and on the first of August of that year began practice alone, with offices in the Engineers Building. A year and a half later he moved his quarters to the Illuminating Building, where he is still located. Mr. Cummings handles a general law practice but has specialized in mercantile law and is counsel for several local firms, including the Ohio Provision Company, with whom he was formerly connected in the capacity of bookkeeper. In October, 1913, he organized The Credit Adjustment Company, for handling mercantile collections. The service of this company is exclusively for manufacturers and jobbers, and handles no retail accounts. Mr. Cummings is practically the head of this organization; being its manager, secretary and treasurer. In politics he is a republican and is affiliated with Halcyon Lodge No. 498, Free and Accepted Masons, Thatcher Chapter No. 1, Royal Arch Masons, and the Sigma Kappa Phi college fraternity. His recreations are fishing, swimming and automobiling. As a fisherman he has the distinction of being the only person who ever caught a sturgeon around Cleveland with only a hook and line. This feat occurred- on Rocky River at its juncture with Lake Erie. In May, 1913, Mr. Cummings was admitted to practice in the United States Courts. On May 30, 1907, he married Miss Florence E. Heeney of Cleveland, daughter of Thomas and Pauline (Brooking) Heeney. Her parents are still living in Cleveland. Her father was born in Ireland and her mother in Canada. Mrs. Cummings was born and educated in Cleveland, and studied vocal musin under Prof. E. H. Douglas and also in Our Lady of Lourdes Convent of Cleveland. She is a well known musician and is a member of the Cleveland Chapter of the Eastern Star. Mr. and Mrs. Cummings' daughter Ruth La Verne was born in this city. ALVAH R. CORLETT has practiced law at Cleveland for the past four years, now alone and formerly a member of the firm Corlett & Stewart. Mr. Corlett has his offices in the Illuminating Building. In earlier years he was an aggressive young leader in local polities, especially during the Tom Johnson regime in the city. Mr. Corlett is a native of Cuyahoga County, born on a farm at Warrensville March 6, 1882. He is a son of John A. and Catherine (Radcliffe) Corlett. His father was born on the Isle of Man and was seven years of age when brought to this country by his parents. Catherine Radcliffe was born in Warrensville shortly after her parents came to this city from Lowell, Massachusetts. Her parents were both natives of England. John A. Corlett followed farming most of his life. He died at Cleveland February 7, 1913, at the age of seventy-six. He had a home in Warrensville and shortly before his death had completed a residence in Cleveland, which he designed as a home for the winter. This house was finished in November and he died. in the following February. His widow still spends her summers at Warrensville and lives in Cleveland during the winter. John A. Corlett was one of the organizers of the old First Methodist Episcopal Church on Erie Street. He was a member of the church at Warrensville for over half a century. His wife has always attended that church though not a member. Alvah R. Corlett is the youngest of a family of six children, four sons and two daughters, all living and all residents of Cuyahoga County. Mr. Corlett attended public schools in Warrensville, graduating from high school in 1900, and spent two years of preparatory work in the Western Reserve Academy and was a student one year in Adelbert College. Later he took his law course in the Cleveland Law School, where he graduated with the degree of LL. B. in June, 1913, and was admitted to the bar the same month. In 1914 he was admitted to practice in the Federal Court. He has a profitable and growing general practice as a lawyer. His first political experience came when he was just entering his majority. A few days after his twenty-first birthday he was elected committeeman and president of his Ward Club in Cleveland. For a number of years he was a democrat, but latterly has been an independent or "mugwump." He was elected and served as representative from Cuyahoga County in the Seventy-seventh and Seventy-eighth General assemblies and in the seventy-seventh session was the youngest representative of that body. When he was first elected CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 211 to the Legislature in November, 1905, he was twenty-three years of age. He was on the committees on manufacturers and commerce, and common schools and secretary of both committees. For about nine years he was actively interested in local politics, especially under the Tom Johnson and Baehr administrations. He was connected with the city auditor's office during the terms of those men as mayor. The distinction fell to him to nominate the late Tom Johnson the second time he ran for mayor. . Besides his law business Mr. Corlett buys and sells real estate and has done considerable work in this line, buying vacant property and improving it with homes, which he later sells. He is affiliated with Euclid Lodge No. 599 Free and Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter No. 181 Royal Areh Masons, and Woodward Council Royal and Select Masons. He also belongs to the Phi Gamma Delta and Delta Theta Phi College fraternities, and is a member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and attends the First Unitarian Church. June 20, 1905, he married Matilda M. Kers of Cleveland, daughter of Joseph and Anna Kers. Mrs. Corlett was born in Cleveland, is a graduate of the South High School and for five years before her marriage taught in the city schools. They have one daughter, Dorothy M. and one son, Alvah R., Jr. EDWIN L. THURSTON. From the standpoint of continuous service Edwin L. Thurston is one of the oldest patent lawyers of Cleveland. He was admitted to the bar at Chicago, practiced in that city and arrived in Cleveland October 3, 1887 (his birthday anniversary), and has been continuously at work in his profession for thirty years. His practice has been entirely patent law and his court relations have been almost entirely with the Federal courts. Mr. Thurston has had several partnership relations. For a short time he practiced with Leonard Watson under the name Watson & Thurston. Then for about three years he was alone, was member of the firm Wing & Thurston two years, his partner being Judge Francis Wing, and for ten years was associated with Albert H. Bates under the name Thurston & Bates. In February, 1907, Mr. Thurston formed his present firm, Thurston & Kwis, his partner being A. F. Kwis. This firm, whose offices are in the Citizens Building, restrict its practice to the soliciting of United States and foreign patents and trade marks and to contracts, opinions and litigation relating to patents, trade marks and other monopolies in trade and manufacturing rights. Mr. Thurston has been admitted to practice in all the Federal courts. Mr. Thurston is an eastern man, and grew up in an atmosphere of comfort and solid family tradition. He was born at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, October 3, 1857, the only son and child of Thomas E. and Ann (Falconer) Thurston. The Thurstons settled in Massachusetts as early as 1632. His maternal grandparents came to Massachusetts from Edinburgh, Scotland. Thomas E. Thurston during his active years was a manufacturer, and is now living retired at Orange, Massachusetts, having celebrated his eightieth birthday July 12, 1917. The mother died at Orange, Massachusetts, in 1898 at the age of sixty-one. The family have lived in Orange since Edwin L. Thurston was a freshman in college. He received his public school training in Pawtucket and Providence, Rhode Island, graduating from the Providence High School in 1875. After working for his living two years he decided to go to college. In 1877 he entered Brown University at Providence, graduating bachelor of philosophy in 1881. In this same class and one of his fellow graduates was Charles Evan Hughes, one of tb.e most distinguished American citizens of the present generation. During his college career Mr. Thurston found difficulty in making up his mind whether to pursue a career as an engineer or as a lawyer. Not long afterward he went to Chicago and took up the study of law with the firm of Hill & Dixon, patent attorneys. He was admitted to the Illinois bar while in Judge Lysander Hill's office in Chicago and practiced law in that city from 1885 until 1887, when he removed to Cleveland. Mr. Thurston is a republican in politics. He was formerly active in club life, but has active membership at present only in the Union Club, the Country Club, and the Cleveland Bar Association. His recreation is automobiling and golf. Mr. Thurston resides at 2757 Lancashire Road in Cleveland Heights. He has one son, Thomas Brewster Thurston, born May 9, 1899. BENJAMIN ANDREW GAGE began the practice of law at Cleveland twenty years ago ; is senior member of one of its leading law firms Gage, Day, Wilkin & Wachner, with offices in the 212 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Cuyahoga Building. His partners in practice are Luther Day, Wilbur D. Wilkin and Charles S. Wachner. Mr. Gage, who was born at Elkhart, Indiana, July 20, 1874, is a son of Solomon T. and Emma (Kenyon) Gage. His father was a veteran in the service of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company, having put in fifty-three years with that railroad, covering almost the entire period of its existence. He was superintendent of passenger transportation for the New York Central lines at the time of his retirement in May, 1917. Benjamin A. Gage attended the public schools of Elkhart and subsequently those at Cleveland. From the public schools he entered the University of Michigan, graduating from the law department with the degree of LL. B. with the class of 1896. Since then he has actively prosecuted work as a lawyer and within the strict limits of the profession has achieved no little distinction and success. The only important office he ever held was as assistant attorney for the City of Cleveland from 1899 to 1903. He is a member of the lawyers organization Nisi Prius Club, and the Cleveland, Ohio State and American Bar associations. In politics he is a republican on national questions, but non partisan in state, county and municipal matters. Mr. Gage be-limp to the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and acknowledges as his chief diversion the art of angling. He is reputed to have the most complete collection of fishing tackle and accessories owned by any disciple of Isaak Walton in Cleveland. This elaborate collection is kept at his home at 13304 Forrestville Avenue in East Cleveland. Mr. Gage married October 18, 1900, at Hillsboro, Ohio, Lucy Hough, daughter of Robert T. and Louisa B. Hough. Her father served as collector of internal revenue for the United States under Grover Cleveland from 1896 to 1899 and as one of the leaders of the democratic party in Ohio was candidate for the nomination for governor in 1897. Mr. and Mrs. Gage have two children : Robert Hough Gage, aged fifteen, and Emily Kenyon Gage, aged thirteen. I. R. DAviEs is treasurer and manager of The Ideal Tire and Rubber Company, the first large branch of the rubber industry to be located at Cleveland. It is an Ohio corporation, capitalized at $2,000,000. The company was organized and the campaign for sale of securities started in August, 1917, and by the end of that year the company had over 1,500 shareholders, had raised over $500,000. The company have a model factory in course of construction, so far carried out toward realization as to present every reasonable assurance that manufacturing operations will begin early in the year 1918. The organization of The Ideal Tire and Rubber Company is an important step in a movement to give Cleveland, with its immensely superior natural advantages, its proper share of the great rubber industry. Fortunately for the company men of seasoned experience and expert ability have been attracted to its executive offices and directors. The superintendent of the factory is B. E. Frantz, formerly superintendent of another large rubber company in Ohio, and with an experience of twelve years in executive positions with some of the largest tire companies in the United States. The president of the company is Eli W. Cannell, who is a man. of wide experience and president of The Provident Building & Loan Company. Mr. I. R. Davies, who as head of the finance department, has already achieved a remarkable record in getting the financial organization of the company thoroughly and broadly founded, has had an extended experience of many years with the rubber and other manufacturing industries. He was born at Doylestown, Ohio, DeCember 6, 1881, a son of I. Davies and Miriam (Thomas) Davies. His father died at Cleveland in September, 1917, and his mother still lives in this city. I. Davies was for twenty-five years a steel worker, and had lived retired about four years before his death. He was a resident of Cleveland nearly thirty years. I. R. Davies attended the common grammar school and the high school at Cleveland, also a commercial college, and began business as an accountant. For ten years he was in the employ of the United States Steel Corporation, and also had two years of banking experience. For four years he was employed in executive capacities with some of the large rubber industries and is a stockholder in both steel and rubber corporations, and an officer and director in two large rubber companies. Mr. Davies is affiliated with the Masonic Order, Knights of Pythias and a number of social and business organizations. He belongs to Rock-ton Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, at Kent, Ohio, and Kent Chapter No. 192, Royal CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 213 Arch Masons. He is a member of the Baptist Church. At Cleveland, April 21, 1913, Mr. Davies married Mabel Reese, daughter of John Reese of Cleveland. JOHN T. KELLY. About twenty years ago John T. Kelly entered the office of Capt. W. C. Richardson at Cleveland as a stenographer and by close and faithful attention to the details of duty and by learning everything there is to learn in the general field of Great Lakes transportation, he has advanced to a partnership in W. C. Richardson & Company and is today one of the best known figures in transportation circles around the Great Lakes. Extended reference is made on other pages to the operations of W. C. Richardson & Company as vessel owners and brokers and marine insurance agents. Mr. Kelly was born in Cleveland May 1, 1876, a son of Peter and Mary E. (Boyle) Kelly. Both parents were born in Ireland and were brought to America when about seven years of age. They have lived in Cleveland since .1871 with the exception of a few years spent at Titusville, Pennsylvania, and since 1889 Peter Kelly has been employed at the Perry Paine Building. John T. Kelly, youngest of the five children of his parents still living, was educated in St. Joseph's Academy at Titusville, Pennsylvania, whither his parents removed when he was about four years of age. The family returned to Cleveland in 1889, and John continued his education in the Cathedral School for one year and subsequently attended Caton's Business College. His first practical training in business was acquired as an office boy for the Babcock and Wilcox Boiler Company. He remained with that firm four years, and then in March, 1895, went to work as stenographer for Capt. W. C. Richardson, when the latter's offices were in the Perry Paine Building. From the first Mr. Kelly did his work with enthusiasm and soon proved not only a master of routine and detail, but with every opportunity fitted himself for the responsibilities and endeavored to anticipate all possible demands that might be made of him. The result might have been foreseen and in January, 1908, he was made a member of the firm and since then has become the real executive and has assumed an increasing burden of the responsibilities from the shoulders of Captain Richardson. 'Today nearly all the decisions regarding the operating end of the business conducted by W. C. Richardson & Company are referred to and made by Mr. Kelly. Considering his years, he is undoubtedly one of the best known men around the Great Lakes. He knows practically every one in the vessel business and there is probably not a transportation office from Buffalo to Duluth where Mr. Kelly would be unknown. He was associated with Captain Richardson in some of the most important sales of lake boats during the winter of 1915-16, when this company acted as brokers in the transfer of twenty-two large lake vessels. Mr. Kelly is a republican in politics, is a member of Cleveland Lodge No. 18 Benevolent Protective Order of Elks, and of St. Thomas Aquinas Parish of the Catholic Church. On February 16, 1907, in St. .John's Cathedral at Cleveland he married Miss Mary E. McGlynn. Mrs. Kelly was born in England of Scotch-Irish ancestry, and was eight years of age when she came with her parents to the United States. Both parents have been dead a number of years. She received her first advantages in a school at Hanley, Staffordshire, England, and completed her education in the Cathedral School at Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Kelly reside at 1398 East Ninety-fourth- Street. Their three children are : John T., Jr., Marion Katherine and Clarence E. VICTOR W. SINCERE came to Cleveland in 1905 from Chicago, where he had spent most of his early life and where for several years he had successfully practiced law. While the law is his profession, Mr. Sincere from the first showed a remarkable talent for the handling of business affairs and much of his practice in Chicago was in connection with the large mercantile interests of that city. Since coming to Cleveland, Mr. Sincere though a member of the bar, has probably never appeared in court as an attorney, and has given his entire time to the executive management of The Bailey Company in its great department store business. Mr. Sincere was born at Louisville, Kentucky, on Washington's birthday February 22, 1876, a son of Dr. Emil and Henrietta (Black) Sincere. His parents were both born in Hungary and they emigrated to the United States following the collapse of the Hungarian revolutions under the leadership of the noted Kossuth. Dr. Emil Sincere and his wife were married at Cleveland, Ohio, in July, 1861, and they were residents of the city for a short 214 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS time. Doctor Sincere during the Civil war was a member of the Secret Service. He afterwards moved to Chicago and became one of that city's best known physicians and at the time of his death there on March 17, 1916, at the age of eighty-three was one of the oldest if not the oldest practicing medical men in the city. He had lived in Chicago more than thirty-eight years and aside from his private practice he served about eight years as chief of the board of medical examiners and for about twelve years was on the medical staff of Cook County Hospital. He was an active member of the Chicago Medical Society and of the American Medical Association. While devoted to his professional work, Doctor Sincere's chief characteristic was his love of home and family. He and his wife were parents of eight children, four sons and four daughters. Three sons and three daughters are still living. One daughter Nora died in infancy and a son Lincoln died at the age of twenty-three. The children have always felt that they owed much to their father and mother, not only for inherited talents but for the exemplary home life and the distinctive culture they enjoyed through mutual association. Mrs. Doctor Sincere died in Chicago June 3, 1915, at the age of seventy-six. Theirs was a companionship of the rarest felicity and mutual love and esteem, they had begun their journey together when young people and they lived to celebrate their golden wedding anniversary. It was the death of the wife which hastened the end of Doctor Sincere, whose strength quickly failed after she passed away. Both are buried in Chicago. Victor W. Sincere lived in Chicago from the time he was three years of age until he came to Cleveland. He attended the elementary, grammar and high schools of that city and in 1897 was graduated from the University of Chicago with the degree A. B. Following that he studied law in the offices of Edward T. Cahill, a well known lawyer of Chicago, three years, and was admitted to the Illinois bar December 3, 1899. During his legal practice in Chicago he was a member of the law firm of Job, Taylor & Sincere with offices in the Marquette Building at the corner of Adams and Dearborn streets. When he left Chicago Mr. Sincere was secretary of nine associations of manufacturers in that city, and was also assistant secretary of the State Street Stores Association, one of the chief business organizations of Chicago. In Cleveland, though never active in practice, Mr. Sincere has membership in the Cleveland Bar Association and has been admitted to practice in the United States courts. IIe became a resident of Cleveland August 29, 1905. At that date he took up his duties as superintendent, manager and a director of The Bailey Company, which, as no resident of the city needs to be informed, operates one of the city's largest department stores, located in the heart of the business district just off the public square at the corner of Ontario Street and Prospect Avenue. He is president of The Champont Realty Company of Cleveland; vice president of The Tyroler Company ; secretary of The Ames Company ; secretary of The Damm Products Company ; vice president of The Morris Plan Bank of Cleveland; vice president of The American Lace Company of Elyria, Ohio ; a director of The Bailey Realty Company of Cleveland; director of The National Safety Device Company, and he is president of the Sincere Realty Company, which erected the Sincere Building on the corner of Fourth Street and Prospect Avenue. Such a position in business affairs of a large city brings corresponding opportunities and possibilities, and few men have been able .to realize these advantages with so much benefit to the community as Mr. Sincere. He is a power house of energy and the presence of such a man is an asset to any community. With all his practical efficiency, he has the courtesy of the true gentleman, and is one of Cleveland's most public spirited men. In a public way he has chosen to work through civic and voluntary organizations rather than through politics, though he is a stanch republican. He is chairman of the war advisory committee of the National Retail Dry Goods Association. He has been twice urged to become a nominee for mayor of Cleveland, but so far has not recognized that as a call to duty. While he is a member of various organizations, he apparently takes the greatest satisfaction in his active membership in the Cleveland Foundation, an institution whose work in a restricted field is similar to that on a broader plan of the Rockefeller Foundation and the Russell Sage Foundation. It differs from these in that it is built up not from the gifts of a single individual but from the contributions of many Clevelanders. It is said that already nearly $40,000,000 has been CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 215 written into wills of Cleveland citizens, the money to be credited to Cleveland Foundation on the death of donors. The Foundation has done much work of a thoroughly practical character. For months experts engaged by the survey have been investigating the Cleveland school system with a view to its entire reorganization. The subject of unemployment has also been studied. As its resources increase the Foundation will have a splendid opportunity and power for usefulness and good in various important directions of Cleveland's life. Mr. Sincere retains his Masonic membership in his lodge in Chicago, is a Sigma Chi Fraternity man, and had a training for military efficiency by three years of membership in the Illinois National Guard from 1893 to 1896 and in 1898 served as second lieutenant in the Koch Provisional Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. He is president of the Cosmopolitan Alliance Club ; ex-director of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce; ex-president of the Cleveland Merchants Board of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce ; ex-president of the East Cleveland Public Library ; an active member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce; the City Club, the Cleveland Advertising Club, the Rotary Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Singers Club, the Cleveland Automobile Club. Mr. Sincere did much to give vitality to the organization known as the National Mouth Hygiene Association and is honorary president of that association. His special hobby is music and children, and with either he is happy. He is one of the working members in the Singers Club of Cleveland. Mr. Sincere was married April 27, 1904, at Cleveland to Miss Carrie Black, daughter of Col. Louis Black and wife. Mrs. Sincere was born and educated in Cleveland, graduated from the Central High School in 1902, and is active in social circles being a member of the Woman's Club of Cleveland. Her father Col. Louis Black is president of the Bailey Company and is one of the pioneer merchants of the city. Mr. and Mrs. Sincere's three children, all born in Cleveland, are named William Lawrence Black Sincere, Roy Louis Sincere, and Betty Ann Sincere. LEWIS HUGH WAIN, a former president of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, has long been one of the conspicuous figures in Cleveland real estate affairs. In his work and business Mr. Wain is always constructive if not creative. He has that type of mind, and the energy and ability to translate his ideas into action. A native of the Western Reserve he was born in Ravenna, Portage County, Ohio. His mother, Hannah (Jennings) Wain, is a great-granddaughter of Joseph Jennings, who saw three years of service with the Seventh Regiment Continental Line in the Revolutionary war. His diary kept during that time is a relic highly? prized by Mr. Wain; David Jennings, his son, came to Ohio from Farmington, Maine, purchasing 160 acres of land hear Ravenna in 1806. This land is still owned and occupied by his heirs. his son, Lewis E. Jennings, was born there and died on the farm at the age of eighty-three. For sixty-two years he enjoyed the marriage companionship of Elizabeth Knowlton, a native of Farmington, Maine, who survived him. Mr. Wain's mother, eighty-two years of age on April 24, 1918, has lived in Cleveland forty-five years. In 1858 she married' at Ravenna, Ohio, Hugh Wain, a native of Preston, England, who in 1872 established himself in the real estate business in Cleveland. Hugh Wain continued this business to the time of his death on May 2$, 1903, at the age of seventy years. For thirty years he was associated with real estate interests and operations and became one of the best known and highly regarded men in that work. One of the first persons for whom he conducted a real estate transaction was Mr. John D. Rockefeller, placing on the market for him a subdivision known as the Gallup Farm. During his many years in business many of the best known Clevelanders of that time availed thetr selves of his services. He was identified with Masonry for more than thirty years and at the time of his death was a Thirty-third degree Mason, Lake Erie Consistory Scottish Rite and a Shriner. Mr. Lewis H. Wain became associated with the real estate business in 1884. As a real estate broker he has so directed the investments of those who have sought his experience and judgment that not a few have realized comfortable fortunes on the advance in value of their purchases of land in the new business district or acreage' in the city's suburbs. In 1906 Mr. Wain acquired from the heirs of Harvey Rice, Sr., one of Cleveland's famous pioneers, a tract of about 100 acres, then adjacent to the southeastern limits of, but more recently well within the city. This he developed as the Rice Heights Subdivision of more than 600 lots, available for CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 217 homes of thrifty workers in Cleveland's industries. Partly by reason of Mr. Wain's ability to finance building operations, together with the growing popularity of the modern two-family house, approximately 1,000 such families have established homes in this high and healthful allotment, removed from the smoke of their former environment, altogether constituting a source of satisfaction as well as profit to both the promoter and to the owners. It has been Mr. Wain's good fortune to acquire extensive holdings of lands in progressive urban. and suburban growing localities. The extensive mortgage investments of the State Mutual Life Assurance Company of Worcester, Massachusetts, at Cleveland, and in other Ohio cities, have since 1916 all been under the supervision of Mr. Wain as the local representative of that company. Continuously since 1912 Mr. Wain has been president of The Cleveland Realization Company, organized chiefly for the purpose of purchasing mortgages and other real estate securities, and now employing nearly $1,000,000 in such operations. In 1907 The L. H. Wain Land Company was incorporated with Mr. Wain as president. He is a director of The Land Title Abstract and Trust Company, The L. H. Wain Land Company and The Cleveland Realization Company, is an ex-president of The Cleveland Real Estate Board and has served as a member of its valuation committee almost continuously from 1908 to 1918 and as trustee covering a period of five years. He is also affiliated with the state and national associations of real estate boards and is a member of the governing board of the Ohio Association of Real Estate Boards. Mr. Wain was one of the real estate experts employed by the county commissioners to determine the value of land and buildings required for the right of way of the Superior-Detroit Avenue High-Level Bridge, the total value of which was approximately $1,000,000. Some other notable appraisals in which he has engaged were those affecting properties of The East Ohio Gas Company in Cuyahoga County, aggregating approximately $1,000,000; the Winton Hotel, exceeding '$1,000,000 ; the coal and ore dock properties comprising practically all of Ashtabula Harbor, valued in 1917 at approximately $7,000,000. Mr. Wain is a member of the Presbyterian Church, several clubs and civic organizations, including the Chamber of Commerce, and is a member of Western Reserve Chapter, Sons of the American Revolution. He and his family reside on Norfolk Road in Euclid Heights. May 5, 1897, Mr. Wain married Mary Jenness Merwin, daughter of Mrs. Henry L. Ambler of Cleveland and granddaughter of Hon. B. W. Jenness, former United States senator from New Hampshire. Judge Jenness had the distinction of lacking but one vote in competition with Franklin Pierce for nomination for the presidency of the United States. That nomination resulted in the election of General Pierce to the presidency in 1852. Judge Jenness engaged in the lumber business in Cleveland associated among others with Mr. Demaline Leuty, later vice president of The Citizens Savings & Trust Company. The Jenness home was on Prospect Avenue near East Ninth Street, where the Rose Building was later erected. Three children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Wain : Gertrude Knowlton Wain, a student in Wellesley College; Isabel Shackford Wain, a student in the Hathaway-Brown School at Cleveland; and Lewis H. Wain, Jr., a student in the Cleveland Heights High School. HON. HARRY L. DAVIS. To be the mayor of a great city like Cleveland is a great honor. But more than that it involves responsibilities more closely connected with the welfare of a large number of people than the office of governor of. a state. Recognition of that fact was expressed by Mayor Davis of Cleveland recently when during an enthusiastic republican banquet some admirer voiced a hope as well as a prophecy that he would be the next governor of Ohio, to which Mayor Davis responded that he had no further ambition than to serve the City of Cleveland. That Mayor Davis has made his office an instrument of service to the City of Cleveland since he took charge of municipal affairs on January 1, 1916, is a matter of general appreciation by the people of the city and perhaps never in the history of the city has a mayor in the course of a single year been able to point out so many specific economies and betterments of municipal service and a finer record of efficient administration and a more constructive program. Mayor Davis has lived in Cleveland practically all his life, and his family have been identified with the city over half a century. Harry Lyman Davis was born in Cleveland January 25, 1878, a son of Evan H. and Barbara (James) Davis. The late Evan H. Davis CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 217 was a prominent figure in the life of Cleveland. By sheer force of will and ability he rose from the humble environment to which he was born to a position where he exercised a large influence and commanded the respect of an entire state. He was born in 1843 in Wales, had only the advantages of the National schools until eleven years of age, and then began work in rolling mills. In 1861 at the age of eighteen he came to the United States with his parents, first living in Pennsylvania and in April, 1865, moving to Cleveland. From that time forward until his death with the exception of three years Cleveland was his home. A laboring man, he was from the age of eighteen identified with labor movements and labor organizations, though his party affiliation was as a republican. On that party ticket he was elected a member of the Sixty-eighth General Assembly of Ohio in 1887. As representative from Cuyahoga County he was chairman of the house committee on labor and was author of several important measures in the interest of the working people of Ohio. In 1889 Governor Foraker appointed him district factory inspector, an office he filled seven years. For three years he was secretary of the International Association of Factory Inspectors. In 1897 Evan H. Davis was again elected to the Legislature, as a member of the Seventy-third General Assembly. Chosen on the republican ticket, he was given the highest majority accorded by Cuyahoga County to any of its legislative candidates. He served from 1898 to 1901 inclusive. Like his honored father, Mayor Davis was a working man and thoroughly understands the attitude of people who toil for their bread. He attended the public schools of Cleveland and for several years was employed in the rolling mills of Newburgh. He afterwards had a position with the Cleveland Park Board, was solicitor for the Bell Telephone Company, and later became president of the Davis Telephone Rate Adjustment Company. During 1912 he was national organizer for the Loyal. Order of Moose, and from 1913 to 1915 inclusive was a member of the firm Davis & Farley, general insurance. For a number of years his influence has been an increasing factor in the municipal life of Cleveland. During 1910-11 he served as treasurer of the city. In November, 1915, he was elected mayor, and took office on January 1, 1916. In order to carry out the broad and constructive program of municipal administration upon which he is embarked, he announced his candidacy early in 1917 for a second term. While an active leader in the republican party, Mr. Davis was elected to his present office on a non-partisan ballot. He is chairman of the republican executive committee of Cuyahoga County and is a member of the Ohio Republican State Central Committee. He is well known in local organizations, being a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Advertising Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, South End Chamber of Enterprise, Cleveland Automobile Club, Young Men's Business Club, the Elks and is a thirty-second degree Mason. He is now president of the Welsh Society of Cleveland. He is affiliated with the Baptist Church. Mayor Davis was married July 16, 1902, at Cleveland to Lucy V. Fegan. They have a son, Harry L. Davis, Jr., now in his second year. ALEXANDER SACKET TAYLOR, a native of Cleveland, born April 3, 1869, which city has always been his home. He is using his personal talents and opportunities conferred by a secure business position to promote the city's growth and development. In 1892 he became a member of the firm V. C. Taylor & Son, real estate and investments, with offices in the Williamson Building, one of the best and oldest real estate firms in the city organized in 1872. While in the general real estate business this firm has for a number of years specialized in the larger industrial property transactions. It handles much of the high class property in the downtown district and many of the ninety-nine year leases have been executed through their offices. This firm handled the business details of the transactions resulting in the erection of the First National Bank Building, the Hippodrome Building, the Higbee Building, the Wilbrandt Building and the New Statler Hotel. Mr. Taylor is a son of Virgil Corydon and Margaret M. (Sacket) Taylor. Virgil C. Taylor's mother was a member of the noted Carter family of Virginia, with which colony its fortunes were identified in 1649. William Taylor, Jr., grandfather of Alexander S. Taylor, was a soldier of the Revolutionary war. Margaret M. Sacket was a daughter of Alexander Sacket, who married a daughter of Levi Johnson, one of the founders and first 218 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS citizens of Cleveland, whose record also appears in this work. Alexander S. Taylor was educated in the Cleveland public schools and graduated from Brooks Military Academy in 1888. He soon afterward took up the real estate business with his father and has been junior member of the firm for the past twenty-five years. During that time many business and executive responsibilities have been assumed by him. He is a director of The Guarantee Title and Trust Company, president of The Coventry Road Land Company, vice president of The Wilbrand Company, president of The United Realty and Investment Company, member of auxiliary board of directors of The Guardian Savings & Trust Company. Mr. Taylor served as president of the Cleveland Real Estate Board in 1908 and was president of the National Association of Real Estate Exchanges of America during the year 1910. He is a trustee of the Cleveland Real Estate Board and director of the National Association of Real Estate Exchanges. He is also a trustee of The Babies Dispensary and Hospital, was director of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce two years, and is prominent in social and club life, having membership in the Union Club, Country Club, Mayfield Country Club, Rotary Club, Loyal Legion, Western Reserve Chapter Sons of American Revolution and the Ohio Society of New York. Mr. Taylor has always taken an active interest in civic affairs. His splendid public spirit has made him a leader there and in 1910 he was considered for the republican nomination for mayor. He declined to become a candidate. In 1911 he was tendered the directorship of the Board of Public Works under Mayor Baehr. He declined these honors but did accept membership on the Union Depot Commission. Mr. Taylor is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. For four years he was a member of the Gatling Gun Battery, from 1889 to 1904. He was married at Cincinnati May 16, 1894, to Clara Therese Law, daughter of John H. and Georgia (Overacre) Law. Mrs. Taylor's father was born at Savannah, Georgia, and her mother at Natchez, Mississippi. They have one son, Virgil Corydon Taylor, second, who was a student in Yale University but left his college life to enter the services of the United States Army at the age of twenty-one years and joined the Second Ohio Artillery as a private, later being promoted to a lieutenant in the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Field Artillery, in active service abroad. JOSEPH DAVID. While well known for his extensive business interests in and around Cleveland, Joseph David is a man of modest and quiet demeanor and his interesting experiences and achievements in the world are practically unknown except among his most intimate friends. He was born March 14, 1866, in Russian Poland, in a district now occupied by the German armies. At the age of five years he was left an orphan. His father Nathan David had been an army officer. When he was eleven years of age he emigrated on foot from the border-line of Russia and traversed the country until he arrived at Halle, Saxony, and there through the good offices of a charitable institution obtained passage to Frankfort-on-the-Main, and from there he entered the Seminary of Funkstadt, and at the end of four years was granted the degree of the Science of Cabala, Psychology and Metaphysics. For two years he was employed as teacher of Hebraic history at Darmstadt. This youthful scholar and scientist on coming to the United States in 1886, found employment in the chemical laboratory of the Briar Hill Iron and Coal Company at Briar Hill, Ohio. Mr. David came to Cleveland in 1893. His ability attracted Mr. F. M. Barnum's attention, and on his advice Mr. David entered the engineering and construction business. Mr. Barnum was one of the well known members of the firm of Barnum and Coburn, architects. Under the supervision of architect Barnum he did the work in construction of the foundations of the Goodrich House and the Caxton Building. Another contract was constructing the first re-enforced concrete arch in Cuyahoga County under the Evers Engineering Company. When not quite twenty-nine years of age he operated under the Osborn Engineering Company. At one time he was with a party of construction engineers on the Illinois Central Railway. An accident happened to the engineers' instruments and Mr. David depending entirely upon his trained and almost perfect eyesight carried a three mile grade, with all the curves and reverse curves, with such marvelous accuracy that a subsequent survey proved the accuracy of his measurements and estimates with a fraction of one-tenth variation. In 1907 Mr. David by a letter from the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 219 secretary of the Society of Engineers of the State of Ohio was recommended to Colonel Goethals, chief engineer of the Panama Canal, and was appointed on the construction staff in the central divisions, purely on the grounds of competency and efficiency, without presenting any political recommendations. In 1910 he was transferred by the war department to the insular affairs department and received a commission to Porto Rico having charge of the government highway there. He received the title of Sir Don Joseph David by the Porto Rico government which he refused because of his loyalty to his American citizenship. The value of his work in the canal zone was testified to; in August, 1911, when he received a medal awarded him by the Isthmian Canal Commission for two years of continuous service. This was presented by Maj. F. C. Boggs, Major Corps of Engineers, 'United States Army. About this time Mr. David turned his energies into the financial field. The principal achievement accredited to him in Cleveland is the introduction of a system. of second mortgage loans, represented by nearly $20,000,000 in those securities in Cleveland alone. By this plan he has been able to show thousands of families how to survive misfortune. Mr. David is manager of The Investment Company of which he is one of the members. Mr. David is also pursuing his hobby for birds and animals at his country home consisting of a large stock farm of 206 acres in Munson Township. He has on the farm a herd of some of the finest Holstein cows in the country constituting a model dairy. Mr. David lives on this farm during the summer and goes back and forth to the city every day. He is also a bird fancier and has a number of the finest pheasants in the country. His success in business and affairs originated in a principle developed within his own character. He made it his aim to establish confidence among the people with whom he has dealings and once that confidence is established it is never betrayed. On such a foundation, success once started moves inevitably with rapidly growing accumulations. He is a splendid citizen, broad-minded in all matters, and one of the progressive men of Cleveland today. He is a thorough American, exceedingly patriotic, and in spite of his fifty-one years has shown a willingness to go to France any day that the Government requires his services there. He is a sustaining member of the Washington Chapter of the American Red Cross, a member of the Cleveland Museum of Art, a life member of the Western Reserve Club, Western Reserve Historical Society, a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, the B 'Nai B'Rith, the Euclid Avenue Temple and belongs to various fraternal organizations. In politics he is for the best man for the place regardless of party ties. However, in 1907 he was very active in the campaign of United States Senator Theodore Burton and did considerable public speaking among the Jewish quarters of Cleveland. JOHN WILLIAM PERRIN, who has been librarian of the Case Library of Cleveland since June 1, 1905, possesses the thorough scholarship, the familiarity with library work and technic, and the broad interests which enable him to make the Case Library an institution of the broadest and most effective service to the city. Mr. Perrin is a native of Indiana, a son of William Jasper and Susan (Allen) Perrin. After graduating Master of Arts from Wabash College at Crawfordsville in 1889, he pursued graduate studies in Johns Hopkins University from 1890 to 1892 and was a graduate student and honorary fellow in the University of Chicago, 1892-93. Mr. Perrin has his Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Chicago, awarded him in 1895. He held the chair of history and politics at Allegheny College of Meadville, Pennsylvania, from 1894 to 1898, and from 1898 to 1904 was professor of history at Adelbert College (Western Reserve University) at Cleveland. In 1904 he was Albert Shaw lecturer on American Diplomatic History in Johns Hopkins University, and in 1905 was lecturer on American History at Allegheny College. Besides looking after the administration of the Case Library, Mr. Perrin has done much original work in other lines. He is author of the History of the Cleveland Sinking Fund of 1862, a History of Compulsory Education in New England, and has been a frequent contributor to historical and educational journals on historical, educational and biographical subjects. From January 1, 1912, to January 1, 1916, he was a member of the Cleveland Heights Board of Education, and was its president the last two years. His home is at 2982 Somerton Road in Cleveland Heights. • In 1899 he organized and until 1903 was chairman of the Conference of Collegiate and 220 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Secondary School Instructors of Western Reserve University. He was secretary of the department of higher education in the National Education Association in 1902, was president of the Ohio Library Association in 1907-08, and is a member of the American Historical Association, The American Political Science Association, the American Library Association, and in politics is a republican. Mr. Perrin was married April 6, 1890, to Harriet Naylor Towle at Evanston, Illinois. Mrs. Perrin died January 25, 1910. CLIFFORD W. FULLER'S relations with the Cleveland bar were maintained with growing professional success and reputation for over twenty-five years. His busy and effective career was halted by illness, and he practically gave up the work six months before his death. He died at the home of his brother Dr. George W. Fuller at Tuscola, Illinois, on October 18, 1917. During his career Mr. Fuller had become known as Cleveland's foremost fire insurance attorney. Though the firm of which he was senior member, Fuller & Cannon, was classified as general practitioners, the great share of his professional business for a number of years had been in connection with corporation and insurance law. Mr. Fuller was born at Garrettsville, Ohio, February 6, 1864, and was in his fifty-fourth year when he died. His parents were Sherman W. and Flora R. Fuller. Mr. Fuller never married and besidea his brother, Doctor Fuller, he was survived by two sisters. He was a successful educator before he was a lawyer. He attended the public schools of his native place and completed his literary course in Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania. He was graduated A. B. in 1886, and by post-graduate courses was granted the degrees Master of Arts and Ph. D. pro merito. From Allegheny College after his graduation he entered upon his duties as principal of the High School of Garrettsville, his native town, and subsequently was superintendent of schools at Chardon, Ohio. Besides carrying with credit the responsibilities of this office he took up and diligently pursued the study of law and in 1890 was admitted to the bar by the Ohio Supreme Court. Mr. Fuller came to Cleveland in 1891 and in March of that year began practice as partner of the late Hon. Henry C. Ranney, a nephew of Judge Rufus P. Ranney. Their relationship continued to be one of mutally growing esteem and success until the death of Henry C. Ranney on October 8, 1913. Ranney & Fuller had a very extensive law practice, especially in corporation and fire insurance work and in the management of estates. In April, 1913, Mr.. Fuller formed a partnership with John L. Cannon, under the name Fuller & Cannon, with the offices on the eleventh floor of the Marshall Building. At one time Mr. Fuller was attorney for the Buffalo Land Company, which was later absorbed by the Shaker Heights Company and the Van Sweringen real estate interests. Mr. Fuller was one of those who brought about the construction of the first Fairmount Heights car line, and also the construction of the Cleveland & Youngstown Railroad. He was identified with a number of other business enterprises. He was director and secretary of the Royal Tourist Car Company, secretary of the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust, the John Huntington Benevolent Trust, and the Cleveland Museum of Art. He was a member of the Building Committee and a director of the Cleveland Athletic Club Company. Mr. Fuller saw nine months of service in the Spanish-American War as captain of Company I of the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and later served as commander of the Ohio Commandery of the Military Order of Foreign Wars and was a member of the Naval and Military Order of the United States. He was an extensive traveler and made two trips into Africa with Kenyon V. Painter. He was a member of the African Big Game Club of America. In politics he was a republican, was active in the Masonic Order, and a member of the Union Club, Mayfield Country Club, Willowick Country Club of which he was treasurer, Shaker Heights Country Club, University Club, Rowfant Club, Hermit Club and the Phi Gamma Delta Club of New York. Mr. Fuller possessed pronounced literary tastes, had an excellent private library, and outside of his profession found his chief interest among his books and in travel. HARRY FREMONT GLICK is a young lawyer with a splendid practice; and at the age of twenty-four has attained a position and standing in Cleveland professional and civic circles that would be creditable to a man many years his senior. Mr. Glick was born in Cleveland, August CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS -221 27, 1893, a son of Israel and Bertha (Rosenfeld) .Glick. Both parents are living. Both are natives of Hungary ; knew each other in the old country, but came alone and single to America. The father came to this country when about nineteen years of age, and is now fifty-seven, engaged in the clothing business at St. Clair and 39th streets, which has been his business location for the past twenty-four years. On coming to America he first located at Youngstown, Ohio, was in the clothing business there for himself about ten years, then for a short time at Indianapolis, and for about a year lived in Pittsburg. He removed to Cleveland just a short time before Harry Fremont Glick was born. The parents were married in Youngstown. Israel Glick was liberally educated, attending a Hebrew Seminary in Hungary. The mother began her education in the old country and also attended school in Cleveland for a short time. Israel. Glick was quite active in politics while living in Mahoning County, and served as committeeman in his party. There were eight children, all living, all of them born in Cleveland, except the oldest who claims Pittsburg as his native city. These children are named M. J., Harry F., Mrs. J. G. Rosenberg, Bert D., Alfred M., Arthur A., Nida and Benjamin F. They all received their educational advantages in Cleveland. Harry Fremont Glick attended public schools, including the Glencille High School, and finished his preparatory work in the Baldwin-Wallace University and also took his law course there, graduating LL. B. in June, 1914. He was not yet twenty-one years of age when he graduated and could not qualify for practice until December, 1914. Since then he has handled a general practice as a lawyer, being associated with Bernstein & Bernstein in the Society for Savings Building. He has become widely known for his ability as a linguist. He has a fluent command • of nine of the Slavonic dialects, including Polish, and also speaks German. His services therefore have been in much demand as an interpreter in the city. Politically he is active as a republican, and has been prominent in the Tenth Ward since 1914. Mr. Glick, who is unmarried, lives at 1101 Parkside Road. He is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Knights of Pythias, Loyal Order of Moose, B'Nai B 'Rith, Cleveland Bar Association, and is very fond of all outdoor sports, excelling in ice skating. MORITZ JosEpa. Every business house of age and importance has an interesting history largely because of the personalities behind it, and particularly so when it has occupied so notable a place in the commercial world for so long a time as has the mercantile house of The Joseph & Feiss Company. This enterprise, founded on the rocks of integrity, has been reared by the careful industry of able and astute business men, whose personal success has been secured through the honorable methods which have ever secured them public confidence and esteem. The late Moritz Joseph was long one of Cleveland's honored and venerated citizens. He was born at Gauersheim, Rheinpfalz, Germany, September 9, 1834. Until the age of sixteen years he attended school and then went to Mainz, where he was a clerk in a cloth business for two years and then left his native land for the wider opportunities offered in the United States. Even then he was quick, capable and efficient beyond his years and soon secured a position in a large mercantile house in the City of New York as bookkeeper and confidential man. In 1857, when occurred a great exodus to California, the firm moved a large stock to San Francisco and Mr. Joseph continued there in the same relation as previously. When the stock had been sold seven months later he returned to New York and was admitted to a partnership in the firm by which he had been employed. Prior to 1863, when Mr. Joseph became a partner in the firm of the Levi-Joseph Company, a subsidiary company of Koch, Levi & Mayer of Cleveland, he went to New Orleans with several cargoes of merchandise, and later went to Mexieo with merchandise. In 1867 the above firm abandoned their New York business and went into other lines and Mr. Joseph took the opportunity of returning to Europe and paying his parents a short visit. Upon his return to the United States he became a partner in the firm of Simon, Loeb & Joseph, of New Orleans. The company handled a wholesale dry goods business. Mr. Joseph continued that connection until 1872, when he sold his interests and then came to Cleveland and in January, 1873, became a partner in the firm of Koch, Goldsmith, Joseph & Company, a wholesale clothing house. In 1888 Mr. Koch retired from the firm and the name became Goldsmith, Joseph, Feiss & Company and continued thus until 1907, 222 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS when Mr. Goldsmith retired and the business became The Joseph & Feiss Company, as at present. Moritz Joseph continued to be the senior partner even after the weight of years fell heavily upon him, and he was very active until the last. He retired January 1, 1917, an act he survived but a short time, his death occurring June 7, 1917. It had been the wish of his sons for some years that he should seek the ease that his. age demanded, but his was not the nature to crave the creature comforts of old age nor to acknowledge that his days of usefulness were over. He had always been as strict with himself as with his subordinates and worked hard, and up to the time of his actual retirement was usually the first one present when business opened in the morning and the last one when it closed at night. It is remembered of him that he was sympathetic when the needs of the unfortunate were brought to his attention and that he was abundantly charitable. He was proud of the good name of his business house and rejoiced that he had capable sons in whose hands to leave it. Moritz Joseph was married in New York City, November 6, 1853, to Miss Jette Selig, and four children were born to them, namely: Isaac, who, with his brother Siegmund. are partners in The Joseph-Feiss & Company; Emil, who is a well known attorney at Cleveland; and Fred, who iu connected with the firm of The H. Black Company. Mr. Joseph was a member of the Fifty-fifth Street Jewish Temple, and he belonged to the Excelsior Club. HON. WILLIAM GEORGE PHARE. The reputations of the successful lawyers in the difficult field of real estate law are not made in a day. Prestige in this branch of the profession is based upon a thorough knowledge of not only principles and precedents, but of realty values and conditions. Among the members of the Cleveland bar who have made a specialty of this department and have won enviable success therein, one of the best known is Hon. William George Phare. Mr. Phare is recognized as a leading member of his calling and also as one of the prominent realty dealers of the city, in addition to which he has been actively engaged in public affairs for some years, and has served as a member of both houses of the Ohio General Assembly. William G. Phare was born at Warrensville, Cuyahoga County, Ohio, June 29, 1863, and comes from an old English family, that is, however, of French descent. He is a son of Thomas Phare, who was born in Plymouth, England, October 14, 1822, and came to the United States in 1851. He put in the first paving on West Superior Street, Cleveland, and also erected the Warren and Chadwick residences, in addition to other substantial homes and office buildings of the city. He died September 9, 1913. Mr. Phare married Miss Mary J. Short, who was born at Plymouth, England, in 1828, and died at Cleveland May 7, 1895. William G. Phare was educated in the public schools of East Cleveland, subsequently attending Shaw Academy and later studying in the National Normal University, at Lebanon, Ohio, from which he graduated with the class of 1882. He then engaged in the general merchandise business for a time at Fairmount, now Cleveland Heights, but while engaged in this line of business became interested in the law and began its study during his leisure hours. During the following eight years he was thus employed, and in 1896 was admitted to the bar of Ohio and began the practice of law. He has always practiced alone, never having been in partnership, so whatever success has come to him—and it has not been inconsiderable—is attributable entirely to his own efforts. Mr. Phare has made a specialty, as noted, of law pertaining to real estate, although he also carries on a general practice, and is thoroughly at home in all branches of his calling. In 1902 he became the organizer of the Fairmount Savings Bank Company, of which he acted as secretary and treasurer until 1905, when that institution was consolidated with the Cleveland Trust Company. He is interested and active in real estate matters, operating both on his own account and for others. In business circles, as in the law, he is possessed of the highest confidence of those who have come into contact with him. Mr. Phare has been and is a prominent factor in republican politics of Cleveland. In 1900 he was elected a member of the House of Representatives of the Seventh General Assembly and served for two years, being active in that body as a member and secretary of the judiciary committee, as chairman of the committee on dairy and food products, and as a member of the committees on municipal corporations and common schools. In November, 1909, Mr. Phare was elected to the Ohio State Senate of the Seventy-eighth General Assembly, and served two years, or one term, as state senator. While in that body he was a CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 223 member of the finance committee and of the committees on common schools, colleges and niversities, roads and highways, agriculture, and others. He served as state senator from 910 to 1912, and from 1912 to 1914 was mayor f the Village of Cleveland Heights. His ublic record is an excellent one, characterized y faithful and conscientious service in behalf f the people and the state. Mr. Phare is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association, Cleveland Bar Association, Cleveland Fire Insurance Exchange, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and Tippecanoe Club. He was formerly a member of the Board of Education of Cleveland Heights for several years. For some time he was a trustee and member of the Cleveland Heights Methodist Episcopal Church, while residing in that part of the city, and till holds membership in that congregation. [le is one of the reliable, substantial and help-Nil citizens of Cleveland, in which city his office is located in the American Trust Building. On November 26, 1883, Mr. Phare was married to Miss Mattie M. Linder, daughter of Samuel and Melinda Linder, and they are the parents of one son, Roy W., who was born at Cleveland, January 12, 1885. ABRAHAM E. BERNSTEEN is a typical Cleveland man, born in this city February 3, 1878, and for seventeen years a member of the bar of the state. During his career, while he has been busily engaged in attending to the duties of a constantly growing practice, he has found time to interest himself in the civic affairs of his native city, and his talents as a lawyer have been combined with his energy and enthusiasm in forming a fine citizenship, which has been helpful in carrying forward movements having for their object civic improvement. As noted, Mr. Bernsteen was born in Cleveland, his parents being Harris and Henrietta (Meyers) Bernsteen, both of whom still survive and are highly respected residents of Cleveland. The elder Bernsteen was for years well known in business circles, having been successfully engaged in the manufacture of safes but during the past ten years has been living quietly, having attained a competence through good management, industry and fine business ability. Both Harris and Henrietta Bernsteen were born in Germany, but have been resident of Cleveland for more than forty-two years Of their eight children, four sons and four Vol. II-15 daughters, Abraham E. is the third in order of firth. Abraham E. Bernsteen was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, and finished his graded schooling at the Mayflower School. le next entered the Central High School, rom which he was graduated in 1894, and rom that went to Adelbert College, being a member of the graduating class of 1898 and receiving the degree of Bachelor of Philosophy. le next took a course in the law department of the Western Reserve University, where he graduated with the class of 1900, and the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and while attending the institution passed the summer vacations n the law office of Williams, Cushing & Clark, it Cleveland. Admitted to the bar in 1900, le immediately commenced the practice of his profession alone in the building in which his office is now located, and in which he has had an office for seventeen years. When his brother, M. L. Bernsteen, was graduated in law from the same institution, in 1906, he joined. A. E. in practice, and they have since continued to practice as Bernsteen & Bernsteen, their offices being at 444 Society for Savings Building. They carry on a general practice and have been connected with much important litigation, their success in which has given them undoubted standing at the Cleveland bar. Abraham E. Bernsteen in politics is a republican and is one of the real active workers here, having been a member of the county executive committee of his party. He is widely and popularly known in fraternal and social circles of the city, being a Scottish Rite Mason of the thirty-second degree, and a member of Forest City Lodge No. 334, Knights of Pythias ; the Loyal Order of Moose ; the H. P. & S. U. ; the Independent Order of the B'nai B 'rith, and the Cleveland Automobile, Ohio Automobile, City, Tippecanoe and Western. Reserve clubs. His interest in his city's welfare has led him into cooperating with other public-spirited citizens in movements which have resulted in benefit to the city, its people and its institutions, and at present he holds membership in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Civic League. In connection with his profession, he belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association and. the Ohio State Bar Association. Mr. Bernsteen is unmarried and makes hi home with his parents. Aside from automobiling, of which sport he is very fond, his hobby may be said to be flowers, and during 224 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS much of his leisure time Mr. Bernsteen may be found in his beautiful garden in the yard of his home. MOSES HELPER is one of Cleveland's foremost real estate experts and has been instrumental in the development and placing upon the market of some of the city's best known subdivisions. His career is an interesting example of self achievement. He was born in Smargon, Province of Vilina, Russia, November 28, 1874, son of Nathan and Sarah Helper. When he was nine years of age he came to America, and after that he had only a few weeks of education in American schools. As a boy he peddled goods, and by the time he was seventeen he had saved enough to buy a team of horses and he then equipped a wagon which he used in his peddling operations for four years. On selling that outfit he bought a shoe store on St. Clair Avenue, but five months later moved his business to Barberton, Ohio, and was a shoe merchant and on a small scale a real estate dealer there for eight years. His experience in real estate led him on his return to Cleveland to form a partnership with Frank L. Felch as the firm of Felch & Helper, Real Estate. They were together for six years, until the death of Mr. Felch. After that Mr. Helper engaged in the real estate business on his own account and in 1913 incorporated the M. Helper Realty company, of which he is president. In addition to that he organized the company which is known as the Conger-Helper Realty Company, of which he is vice president and treasurer, and the Helper-Cody Realty Company, of which he is president. Some of the subdivisions that have been put on by Mr. Helper are as follows: The Kinner subdivision, located off Kinsman Road, 260 lots ; the Woodland Hills Park subdivision, located at E. 93d and Kinsman Road and surrounded by Woodland Hills park, 310 lots; the Greenleaf subdivision, located off Kinsman Road, 218 lots ; the Bratenahl subdivision, located at Lake Shore Boulevard and E. 136th Street, 400 lots ; the Sanda subdivision, located on E. 116th Street between Kinsman and Buckeye, 260 lots ; the Union Rice subdivision, located at Union and E. 116th streets, 400 lots ; and :the largest subdivision opened up by Mr. Helper is the Lorain Heights subdivision, located at Lorain and West 117th Street, 785 lots ; also the Home Gardens subdivision, located on Riverside Drive, 150 lots ; the Riverside Drive subdivision, also located on Riverside Drive, 160 lots ; the Halloway subdivision, located on Lorain and Davisville Road, 75 lots; the Monterey Heights subdivision, located on E. 185th Street to E. 200th Street, 400 lots. One of the recent subdivisions is the Beachview subdivision, located on Lake Shore Boulevatd, East, 160 lots. Mr. Helper has also built at least 300 houses in the past eight years. Mr. Helper is a prominent member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Industry, is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and in politics a republican. At Cleveland November 26, 1907, he married Miss Lillian Gore. They have four children : Norman Seymore, Mortimor, Sylvia, and Bertina. The two older children are already in the public schools. VICTOR MORGAN. No profession brings a man into closer touch with life in its realities than the newspaper profession, and yet the story of the average newspaper man is briefly told, being a sketch of "pith and moment" rather than one of intimate details. This is true of Victor Morgan, now editor of The Cleveland Press. Mr. Morgan was born at Massillon, Ohio, December 25, 1879, son of John and Anna Jemima (Davis) Morgan. He was of Welsh ancestry, and his father for many years was superintendent of coal mines in the famous mining district around Massillon. He was not only superintendent of operations but did much to develop the industry in that section. Victor Morgan attended public schools, spent one year in law school, but has never followed any trade or vocation except newspaper work. He learned the business with the Evening Independent at Massillon. At the age of twenty-two he bought the Signal, a weekly paper at Canal Fulton, Ohio, and conducted it, at the same time retaining his position as 'city editor of the Massillon Independent. At the age of twenty-three Mr. Morgan was appointed United States vice consul general at Marseilles, France, and was also consular agent at Cadiz, Spain. While abroad he studied international law and political science at Marseilles, and under private tutors acquired proficiency in French, German, Spanish and Latin. He also took special work in sociology and economics at Columbia University in New York. After two years of European life and experience, which has been of inestimable value to him in his subsequent career, Mr. Morgan CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 225 returned to America and joined the editorial force of The Cleveland Press. Later he was editor of The Akron Press and editor of The Cincinnati Post, but in 1915 returned to Cleveland to become editor of The Cleveland Press. He was married November 8, 1916, to Miss Beatrice Paine Burton, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Alfred Paine Burton, of Cleveland. Mrs. Morgan has acquired more than local note as a writer. She comes by her writing talent naturally, since both her father and her brother, Harry Paine Burton, are Cleveland editors. JUDGE CARL D. FRIEBOTAN. It is noteworthy that men's positions in the world of affairs becomes fairly well established on or before they reach their fortieth birthday. There may be years of expanding success and of great influence after that, but the promise of their lives begins to bear fruitage during the thirties. One of Cleveland's best known lawyers, still on the lee side of his fortieth anniversary, is Judge Carl D. Friebolin. Judge Friebolin has been in active practice as senior partner of Friebolin & Byers, lawyers, for sixteen years, has been a member of the Legislature, has enjoyed a large and prosperous clientage, and is now serving as referee in bankruptcy. Judge Friebolin was born at Owatonna, Minnesota, January 19, 1878, but came to Cleveland with his parents in 1880 and has lived in that city ever since. He is a son of Rev. William J. and Katherine (Dennerline) Friebolin, both of whom are now living retired at Vermillion, Ohio. Rev. William J. Friebolin was born in the Grand Duchy of Baden and came alone to the United States when about nineteen years of age. He entered the ministry of the Reformed Church of the United States, and has been active in that church nearly forty years, but is now retired. During his active ministry he preached to two congregations in Cleveland. He was pastor of the Third Reformed Church on the East Side from 1884 to 1895 and again returned to Cleveland in 1899 and was pastor of the Fifth Reformed Church on the West Side until 1906. He also filled pulpits at St. Paul, Minnesota, Kelley's Island, Ohio, and Belvedere, Tennessee. Judge Friebolin's mother was born in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania, and she and Rev. W. J. Friebolin were married at Owatonna, Minnesota. There were four children, three sons and one daughter, all of whom are living, Judge Friebolin being the oldest. George J. is a farmer at Vermillion, Ohio ; Marie lives at Cleveland and is an assistant in the county treasurer's office ; and Arthur W., formerly with Otis & Company of Cleveland, is now an officer in the Ohio Field Artillery, "Somewhere in France." Judge Friebolin was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from the Central High School with the class of 1895. Entering Western Reserve University, he pursued two years of special study in Adelbert College and two years in the law department. He received his degree LL. B. in 1899 and was admitted to the Ohio bar in June of the same year. For the first year he practiced with the firm of Hadden & Parks. In 1901 he formed a partnership with Edgar S. Byers, under the name Friebolin & Byers. For sixteen years that partnership has been continued without interruption and without change. It is doubtful if any other law firm in Cleveland has been continued in unbroken continuity for so long a time. Both members of the firm are lawyers of splendid ability and their united efforts have commanded a splendid practice. Judge Friebolin has always been a democrat in politics and has taken a keen interest in party and public affairs since 1910. In that year he was elected to the Seventy-ninth General Assembly in the House of Representatives, serving two years, and in 1912 was elected a member of the senate from Cuyahoga County. In July, 1914, he resigned from the senate to accept appointment as judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County. This appointment was given him by Governor Cox. He was a member of the bench until the following 1st of December, but was defeated in the regular election of November, 1914. Judge Friebolin took a very active part as state campaign manager for John H. Clark for the United States Senate in 1913. In August, 1916, Mr. Clark was appointed to the United States Supreme Court, and is now living at Washington, D. C. It was Judge Clark who appointed Mr. Friebolin referee in bankruptcy on January 1, 1916. Judge Friebolin has been an authority very active in matters effecting the welfare of the public and City of Cleveland. Judge Friebolin is a director and president . of the City Club of Cleveland, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and belongs to the Phi Delta Phi and the Delta Sigma Rho college fraternities. He finds his chief recreation in the outdoor life of the farm. A portion of each summer, as his professional engagements permit, he lives at his summer 226 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS home on a farm at Vermilion. A strip of forty acres of land along the shores of Lake Erie there is owned by Judge Friebolin and his brother. Judge Friebolin was married June 30, 1906, to Miss Florence Brookes, of Cleveland. Mrs. Friebolin was born and educated in Cleveland, graduated from the East High School in 1902 and the Cleveland Normal in 1903. They have one son, Carl Brookes Friebolin, who was born in Cleveland. ALBERT L. SOPER worked for others and worked for himself for many years along the regular and conventional lines of industry and business. Gradually out of his experience he evolved a distinctive profession, furnishing a service unique, and not performed by any other individual. It is said that Mr. Soper is the only man in the United States engaged in the individual business of adjusting automobile losses. His services as adjuster are called into action in many cases involving not only automobiles but other claims covered by the insurance companies and in his special line he is undoubtedly the leading authority in Cleveland. Mr. Soper whose offices are in the Leader-News Building was born on the Queen's birthday, May 24, 1868, in Prince George County, Maryland. He was ten years of age when his father Nathan Gilbert Soper died. The father was born in Prince George County, was a farmer and one time sheriff of the county and both he and his wife's people were slave holders in the ante helium days. The mother of Mr. Soper was Anna Priscilla (Selby) Soper, who died in Maryland in 1891. Her father belonged to one of the oldest families of Southern Maryland. Nathan G. Soper was twice married, was the father of about fourteen children, and Albert L. is the only one living in Ohio, his brothers and sisters being residents of Washington, District of Columbia and Maryland. Albert L. Soper at an early age came face to face with the serious responsibilities of life. His educational opportunities were extremely limited, and the little schoolhouse back in Maryland which he attended was not even the traditional red schoolhouse, the building being completely innocent of paint of any kind. After the death of his father he took all the responsibilities of the farm which were consistent with his strength and helped his mother along until he was fifteen, when he hired out, milking five cows night and morning for his board, with the privilege of attending school in the winter. When school was over he continued work for his employer three years at five dollars a month. When about eighteen he worked from March to October as a conductor on the Metropolitan Street Railway at Washington, and leaving that job, and without any preliminary experience or other qualifications, he took a contract to build a wood house for the colored reform school, known as the House of Reformation for Colored Boys, at Cheltenham in Prince George County, Maryland. He filled the contract to the letter and with complete satisfaction, and was then put in charge of the knitting factory, which was a part of the institution. A man named Henry Clagett had the contract for the knitting factory and paid the institution twenty cents a day for each boy employed. Mr. Soper received twelve dollars a month and board while in that position, and he had never witnessed the operation of a knitting machine until he went into the factory. He was there a year and a half, and afterwards he returned to Washington and with his brother and a man named Hill took a contract to put up fire escapes on public buildings, hotels, schools and other structures. The next employment he obtained opened up a larger field for experience. He went to work as a laborer with the firm of Warner & Swazey at Washington and was employed in the construction of some of the domes and transit buildings for the United States Observatory at Washington. About a year later he came to the Cleveland factory of Warner & Swazey, and at the personal request of Mr. Warner he served an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade. He started in at wages of forty cents a day. Later he was sent back to Washington to assist in installing and erecting telescopes and other instruments. In June following he returned to Cleveland and assisted in assembling the Yerkes telescope in the yard and plant of the Warner & Swazey Company. This great telescope was shipped to Chicago and exhibited at the World's Fair in 1893, and Mr. Soper accompanied it and was on the World's Fair grounds from July to November. The telescope was then taken down and stored at Chicago until the building could be completed at Lake Geneva, Wisconsin, where it is today. Returning to Cleveland Mr. Soper remained with Warner & Swazey at wages of forty cents a day for the first year, eighty cents the second year, and ninety cents the third year. He did CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 227 general work and filially was promoted to foreman at eighty cents a day. He remained with the company until 1903 and was then getting $125 a month, which he considered big wages at that time. In 1903 Mr. Soper left the company and engaged in business for himself, establishing a little machine shop at 23 Michigan Street, now Prospect Avenue. He continued the business until November, 19/5, but more and more his work in automobile lines crowded out his interests in the machinery end of his industry. He and a man named Crawford were the first to set up an automobile repair business at Cleveland. The first automobile was a French machine known as the "Panharcl." The first machine Mr. Soper ever repaired was for the notorious Cassie Chadwick, whose clever financial. operations afforded daily stories to the newspapers some ten or twelve years ago. Mr. Soper found his services more and more in demand in adjusting and appraising automobile damages, and finally he found it necessary to give his whole time and attention to this line of business and opened his present office in the Leader-News Building in April, 1916. He is called an automobile expert and looks after more automobile accident cases probably than any other ten men in the state. He also does a large percentage of the automobile insurance business in Cleveland and vicinity, and is called many times to appraise in factories covered by fire insurance. He is well known by all the judges and attorneys of Cleveland, and has been frequently called to appear on different sides of damage cases. Prominent men from the insurance companies have told him that he is the only individual in the United States in his special line of work. In politics Mr. Soper is a rather independent democrat, voting for the best man. His home is at 10402 Edgewater Drive. On December 29, 1898, at the age of thirty, he married Miss Louise Ellsasser, who was born and educated in Cleveland, daughter of Charles and Anna (Forhman) Ellsasser. Her father is a retired contractor and both parents are still living here. Mr. and Mrs. Soper have one daughter Louise Elizabeth, born at Cleveland. SHELDON PARKS recently rounded out, though hardly noticing it himself or making it the occasion of any celebration, his thirty-fifth continuous year as a practicing attorney at Cleveland. In any of those years, as today, he might be equally described as a busy lawyer, hard working, faithful to the interests of his clients, and practicing law without any important deviation from his profession, consequently his name has never appeared in connection with ,any office or as a candidate for official honors. Mr. Parks was born at East Cleveland, January 24, 1857, a son of Leonard and Harriet A. Parks. In the matter of ancestry Mr. Parks is a mixture of several important American stocks. On his father's side he is descended from a French Huguenot physician, Alexis M. Beaumont, also from an English Puritan named Elijah Parks, who settled at Bethlehem, Connecticut, in 1650, and also from a German grandmother, Catherine Earls. In the maternal side he is descended from some early families of Holland Dutch. His father, Leonard Parks, came to Cleveland as early as 1834, was a farmer, and died August 23, 1883, having been retired for the last ten years of his life. The widowed mother is still living in East Cleveland at the age of eighty-one. Of the children one daughter died in 1876, the others, four sons and one daughter, are still living in this city. Sheldon Parks was liberally educated, graduating A. B. from Western Reserve College in 1879, and taking his law degree from the University of Michigan in 1882. In that year he was qualified by admission to the Ohio bar and his work as a lawyer has been continuous from that date. In local professional circles he has become known for his unusual ability and long experience in corporation and commercial law, and in the administration of trusts. He is a director in several banks and has always kept in close touch with public movements, though not as a politician. He is content to cast his vote as a democrat. He is a Presbyterian and is affiliated with the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons, Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar. June 24, 1886, at Salem, Ohio, he married Miss Clara V. Street, daughter of Rev. Samuel Street. Salem, Ohio, is one of the most notable centers of Quaker population in the state, and the Street family were all of that faith and were identified with the settlement at Salem as early as 1802. Mr. and Mrs. Parks have three children : Thomas Thacher Parks ; Esther Margaret Parks, who married Paul G. Hartley ; and Sheldon Parks, Jr. LEONARD BACON PARKS was one of the first Ohio soldiers in the new National Army to give up his life in the cause for which he en- 228 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS listed. In Cleveland, where this young man had won appreciation for his spirited citizenship and exceptional qualifications as a lawyer, there resulted from his death a heightened understanding of the real grim meaning of war, mitigated, however, by the sentiment expressed by the old classic phrase that dying for one's country is both beautiful and fitting. A son of Sheldon and Clara S. Parks, his father a Cleveland lawyer of many years' standing, Leonard Bacon Parks was born at Salem, Ohio, April 23, 1887. He was graduated in 1905 from Phillips Academy at Andover, took his A. B. degree from Yale University in 1909, and graduated from law in Harvard University in 1912. He was a splendid specimen of physical manhood, strong, athletic, well built, and while at Yale played on the football team and won the intercollegiate heavyweight wrestling championship. After finishing his law course he returned to Cleveland and having been admitted to the bar in December, 1911, began a professional career which promised high honors and distinguished attainments. He was a member of the Cleveland Bar Association and was very popular among his bar associates. He belonged to various clubs and societies in East Cleveland, and was very active as captain and leader of the East Cleveland dry forces and a member of the Ohio Anti-Saloon League.' He was a democrat and a Presbyterian. Soon after the trouble broke out along the Mexican border he enlisted as a private in what was formerly Company E of the Ohio Engineers, and under the National Army organization became first lieutenant of Company, E of the One Hundred and Twelfth Ohio Military Engineers. He was with his regiment in training and waiting the call to France when he fell a victim of typhoid fever at Montgomery, Alabama, October 29, 1917. He was given a military funeral at the camp, the entire Engineer Regiment accompanying the body to the station and from there it was brought to Cleveland and laid to rest in this city. HORACE FORD PARKS, attorney at law with offices in the Williamson Building, is a brother of Sheldon Parks. Horace F. Parks was born at East Cleveland, September 17, 1863, son of Leonard and Harriet A. Parks. He finished his college education in Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, being awarded the degree A. B. in 1886. He soon afterwards qualified for the legal profession and has given his time to that vocation with ability and sums. Mr. Parks is a member of the Masonic Order, the Presbyterian Church, and on December 24, 1901, married Alice Irene Bartholomew, daughter of Nelson M. and Irene Bartholomew. They have three children, Leonard Beaumont, Lois Adria Parks, and Francis Parks. ALFRED L. FRITZSCHE. The deadly peril of fire, one of the accepted four elements of earth formation, and that most essential agent of civilized living, attends every footstep of man despite its genial and beneficent offices in his behalf. That it has become a harnessed giant, submissive and obedient to a large extent, by no means eliminates its underlying peril, its possibility of breaking bonds and its consequent terrific power of devastation. To make common use of this mighty agent and to completely control the operation of its energy, have been objects of scientific thought and experimental mechanical genius for ages. Inventions have multiplied whereby life and property may have protection; nevertheless, in America alone, it is estimated that even in these progressive, modern days, no less than 3,000 persons annually lose their lives through preventable fires, while property losses amount to millions. The word preventable is purposely used, because the happy time has come when this fearful desolation may practically be banished. Inventive genius has, in the Grinnell Automatic Sprinkler, perfected a simple, practical, economical method of doing away with the great fire loss that yearly has taken its heavy tool of heroic and innocent lives and swept fortunes in property into nothingness. This notable invention, however, like many devices that preceded it, has required the guiding hand of business efficiency to bring it before the world, and no member of the manufacturing official force has done more in this direction than has Alfred L. Fritzsche, who is general sales manager for the General Fire Extinguisher Company for the United States and Canada, with headquarters in Cleveland. Alfred L. Fritzsche is a native of Ohio, born in Cleveland, May 21, 1869, and is a son of Alfred and Caroline Fritzsche. The father was born in Dresden, Germany, in April, 1836, of affluent parents who were able to afford him a private tutor in boyhood and later a course in the University of Berlin, with a half brother, now Judge E. H. Bohm, of Cleveland. On completing his university training he entered the Berlin Theological Seminary, from CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 229 which institution he was also graduated; In 1855 he came to the United States and located at Cleveland, embarking in a real estate business, which he conducted until 1863, when he became a soldier in the Union army and served until the close of the Civil war as a member of the One Hundred Forty-third Ohio Infantry. Upon his return to Cleveland he resumed his former business and continued to deal in real estate until 1873, when he went into the insurance line, this he continuing until his death, which occurred April 8, 1889. He was a man of sterling character, a public spirited citizen at all times and was quite active in the political affairs of Cleveland. In 1867 he was married in this city to Miss Caroline Schneider, and three children were born to them : Alfred L., Henry E., and Carolyne Meta. Alfred L. Fritzsche attended the public schools until he was ten years old and then prevailed upon his parents to permit his entering a printing office to learn the typesetter's trade. For two years he worked in the office of the Sunday Journal and for two years more in the office of the Sun and Voice, and it is quite probable that Mr. Fritzsche at the present time could acquit himself very creditably at a case. In 1890 Mr. Fritzsche entered the employ of the Neracher Sprinkler Company as a pipe fitter and worked as a mechanic for two years and then became a salesman for the company, his practical experience in the shops being very helpful in the latter position. In 1893 the Neracher Sprinkler Company consolidated with the Grinnell Sprinkler Company, adopting the name of the General Fire Extinguisher Company, Mr. Fritzsche remaining under the new .organization and in 1903 became western sales manager and a director in that company. Since 1913 he has filled the office of general sales manager for the United States and Canada, and largely through his wisdom and enterprise the sale and installation of the automatic sprinklers controlled by this company has been so well developed. The General Fire Extinguisher Company was started by William Neracher of Cleveland, who was the inventor of the Neracher sprinkler. When consolidation with the Grinnell Sprinkler Company was effected in 1893, the plant was at Warren, Ohio, and since then ten other plants have been located in the United States and Canada. The development of this business under excellent salesmanship has been truly remarkable, growing from $1,000,000 in 1893 to $12,500,000 in 1917. This company today is protecting property valued at over $100,000,000,000, maintaining fire protection in such large cities as New York, Chicago, Boston, Cleveland and Minneapolis, where such systems are required by present laws in buildings of certain construction and occupancy. The basic idea on which the Grinnell Automatic Sprinkler was developed was to attack a fire in its incipiency by automatically drenching the slight blaze from which fires start. In manufacturing his automatic sprinkler the company commands highly perfected engineering work, careful planning and scientific thought. This combination of engineering skill and manufacturing exactitude has secured for Grinnell equipments the title "Standard of the World," and with expert and enlightened salesmanship it has made many people and cities feel secure. This company also does heating and power pipeing for large industrial plants; Mr. Fritzsche was married June 6, 1894, at Cleveland, to Miss Clara Neracher, and they have four children : Allen W., born in 1895, is a graduate of Notre Dame and Western Reserve universities, was employed in the engineering department of the General Fire Extinguisher Company and is now a first lieutenant in the U. S. Army; Alfred L., a student at Cornell, has enlisted in the navy; Paul H., at Carlton Academy, Summit, New Jersey; and William N., a pupil in the city schools. Mr. Fritzsche and family are members of the Roman Catholic Church. In political alliance he is a republican, and his club connections are representative of high standing in both business and social life, these including: The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic and Shaker Heights Country clubs, the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Toledo Club of Toledo, Ohio. He also belongs to the Knights of Columbus. JAMES ADELBERT MATMEWS. Of the prominent men of Cleveland probably none have manifested more of the spirit of initiative and proved more completely their power to grow with opportunities than James Adelbert Mathews. The people of Cleveland have so long known Mr. Mathews as a substantial figure in industrial circles and as a leading banker, that it is difficult to realize the handicaps and disadvantageous circumstances of his earlier life, through which he rose to success. He was born in Bedford, Cuyahoga County, 230 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Ohio, February 17, 1850, son of Thomas W. and Sarah Ira (Wolfcale) Mathews. His father, a native of Poland, Trumbull County, Ohio, was for about fifty years the village blacksmith at Bedford, Ohio, where he died. His wife was born in Austintown, Mahoning County, Ohio, and died in October, 1899, at the age of seventy-nine. A half century has passed since James A. Mathews completed his high school course at Bedford in 1867. In the preceding summer vacation of 1866 he was "train boy" and sold newspapers and other commodities on the Alliance accommodation, a train running between Cleveland and Alliance on the Cleveland & Pittsburgh Railroad. A similar job was offered him in 1867, but on the advice of old railroad men he declined. In September of that year he was working in a general store at Hudson, and three years later went to the Rolling Mill store at Newburgh, owned and controlled by the firm' of Cady & Woodbridge. These were years of experience and accumulating wisdom but otherwise are not noteworthy in the larger fabric of his career. Life's real opportunity came on July 23, 1871, when a little past twenty-one he accepted a position in the office of The American Sheet & Boiler Plate Company. His salary was only nominal. It was a place where the routine man might have stayed indefinitely. Young Mathews used it as a training ground for something better. At the end of sixty days besides his regular work he had accomplished the feat of learning telegraphy. The telephone had not yet been introduced as one of the principal mediums of the transaction of detail in a business office. Mr. Mathews was made office manager—installed the Morse sounder on his desk and handled the telegraph line from what was then 99 Water Street or West Ninth Street to Newburg and all business coming from Newburg passed directly through Mr. Mathews' office. The American Sheet & Boiler Plate Company subsequently became a department of The Cleveland Rolling Mill Company. For twenty-three years he was paymaster and office manager of this latter corporation, and during those years he never had a vacation of more than a week's duration. It was a period of close and unremitting work, and to him it was a school from which he graduated to a life of larger experience and broader independent achievement. He left the position to become an independent factor in iron and steel industry. In 1894 he organized The Crescent Sheet & Tin Plate Company and was its secretary, treasurer and general manager. This was an independent company for the manufacture of tin plate and existed until December, 1898, when it was sold. to The American Tin Plate Company, organized at that date. Mr. Mathews became a director in the latter organization, and for a time filled the position of district manager of the Cleveland district. Later he was made assistant to the second vice president in charge of the operating end of the corporation with headquarters at Chicago and on February 22, 1900, the general offices of the company were removed to New York and located in the Battery Park Building. The organization of The American Tin Plate Company was the first consolidation of industrial enterprises of this character but soon after the removal of the offices to New York there came the formation of The National Steel Company, The American Steel Hoop and The American Sheet Steel Company and others, all of which were later made subsidiary companies of The United States Steel Corporation and became instrumental factors in the formation of that "billion dollar company." Mr. Mathews continued as director of The American Tin Plate and manager of the claim department until April, 1902, when he withdrew, having tendered his resignation in the previous December. Since then he has lived with his family in Cleveland. After a few months of rest from business cares Mr. Mathews, in August, 1902, became manager of the real estate department of The Guardian Savings & Trust Company. He has been one of the active officials of that great Cleveland financial institution for fifteen years. After a year and a half he was made manager of the company's branch at 341 Euclid Avenue, and remained there until the bank was moved to its new quarters at 322 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Mathews was formerly assistant treasurer and a vice president of The Guardian Savings & Trust Company, and had the pleasure of being one of the executive officers when that company entered its splendid new building on December 10, 1916, and which is said to be one of the finest banking structures in the United States. He retired from active duties in the bank January 1, 1917, but is now honorary vice president. Among other large business interests which Mr. Mathews has held are the positions of treasurer of The Columbia Steam Ship Company, director of The Hydraulic Pressed Steel Company, stockholder in The National Refin- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 231 ing Company, The B. F. Goodrich Rubber Company, The Cleveland-Akron Bag Company, The Valley Steamship Company, The Standard Oilcloth Company, The Cuyahoga Telephone Company, The Guardian Savings and Trust Company, The Cleveland National Bank, The Standard Parts Company, The Paragon Refining Company, The Cleveland Metal Products Company, and others. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Union Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, City Club and the Castalia Trout Club of Castalia, Ohio. His recreations are golf, fishing and other outdoor sports. Mr. Mathews has the commanding presence of the successful business man, and at the same time the modest and unassuming deportment which goes well with a career of such experience and ample fulfillment. He has enjoyed a notable record in Masonry. He is senior past master of Newburg Lodge, No. 379, Free and Accepted Masons, member of Webb Chapter, No. 14, Royal Arch Masons, Cleveland Council, No. 36, Royal and Select Masters, past eminent commander of Holy-rood Commandery, No. 32, Knights Templar, and member of all the Scottish Rite bodies. He is a charter member of Lake Erie Consistory and an honorary member of the Supreme Council of Sovereign Grand Inspectors General of the 33rd and last degree for the Northern Masonic Jurisdiction of the United States of Amefica, and has been active in nearly all the Masonic bodies. He is also. a member of Al Koran Temple, Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and president of the board governing the widows' benefit fund. Mr. Mathews married at Hudson, Ohio, October 30, 1872, Miss Ida Farrar, daughter of Horace Edward and Lucinda M. Farrar of Hudson. They have one daughter, Lena Farrar Mathews, who finished her education in a private school at Amherst, Massachusetts. SPENCER DUDLEY CORLETT, Cleveland lawyer with offices in the Society for Savings Building, is a native of Cleveland, was reared and educated here, and since beginning practice has fully justified his choice of a vocation and has opened a promising career. Mr. Corlett was born at his parents home on East 9th Street, March 17, 1891. His grandfather, Daniel K. Corlett was a Cleveland pioneer, coming to the city in 1835 with his brothers John, William and Philip. The Corlett family has been well known in the city for over eighty years. The lawyer is the son of George W. and Clara (Hechtman) Corlett. His father has spent all his life in Cleveland. His mother is a daughter of the Minnesota pioneer and legislator, Henry Hechtman. Spencer D. Corlett was educated in the Cleveland public schools and in Adelbert College and the Franklin T. Backus Law School of Western Reserve University. Admitted to the bar, he began practice in the summer of 1915. For a number of years Mr. Corlett has taken an active interest in boys and boys work, and in social settlement work at the Rainey Institute and the Hiram House. He was formerly a member of the Lakewood Yacht Club, the Dover Bay Club and the City Club. Since 1903 he has been a member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church. He joined Phi Gamma Delta fraternity in 1908 and was secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Graduate Chapter of that fraternity until his enlistment in the army. In November, 1912, he became a member of the Phi Delta Phi, international legal fraternity. When the United States entered the world war, he enlisted in the machine gun company of the old Fifth Ohio Regiment. Politically Mr. Corlett is a republican. HENRY Du LAURENCE NIEDZWIEDZKI. Until a few decades ago the romance of America consisted in the battle of physical brawn with the forces of the wilderness. Wave after wave and generation after generation of strong and forward looking men pursued their course steadily westward until the ringing blows they struck at the fastnesses in nature aroused only faint echoes in this middle western country. In modern decades the chief source of romantic interest, at least up to the time of the present great war, was found in the adjustment of the individual to the complexities of modern existence. Many of the most dramatic and intense situations and circumstances found in literature have been portrayed in different ways to describe the adjustment of individual character in men and women who have come out of the older centers of Europe and made themselves parts of America. The most interesting and stimulating facts in the career of the successful Cleveland lawyer above named are concerned with the processes of adjustment by which a well born, educated, but moneyless young Pole succeeded in 232 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS winning for himself in a few brief years a position of influence and success in Cleveland. Mr. Niedzwiedzki was born in Galicia, March 18, 1865, son of William and Bronislawa Niedzwiedzki. His parents were land owners, people of good birth and of good station in their native land, where they spent all their lives. The mother died there in 1908 and the father still remains in a country which has been one of the important theaters of the present world war. The son attended primary schools, and also that combination of high school and college which in Central Europe is called a "Gymnasium." He graduated in 1885 and then entered in the University of Vienna for the study of law. He was there two years. The vacation of 1888 he and some student friends spent in Paris. A correspondent of a Cleveland paper told the story some time ago of how one of this happy party, while seated around the table in a Paris cafe, suddenly announced that he was going to extend his vacation visit to America, and how a few minutes later young Niedzwiedzki determined to accompany him. Thus they sailed for New York, intending to return to Vienna in October of that year, where Mr. Niedzwiedzki would complete his law course. But the circumstances of destiny interfered to prevent that return. His money gave out in the United States, his parents were indignant over his truancy, and rather than appeal to them for funds he determined to find a means of livelihood in the New World. His father and mother in fact never became reconciled until some years later when in September, 1892, he received his diploma as a lawyer and could convey to them definite proof that he was doing as well if not better in America than he could have done in his native land. At this point it will be well to quote the story of his subsequent experience as told in the Cleveland paper above mentioned : "Lean days and disillusionment began for the young student when he decided in New York to go to work. He found services were not so much in demand as he had imagined they would be. Sleeping in a bakery wagon with clothes turned inside out lest the marks of flour betray him when seeking employment, swinging a twelve-pound sledge ten hours on an empty stomach until he received his first wages of a dollar a day, carrying hod in a New Jersey city, were a few of his experiences during months of adversity. "Mr. Niedzwiedzki's selection of Cleveland as his permanent place of residence was a pure matter of accident, or perhaps coincidence by destiny. 'I was working in a department store in Toledo about two years after I came to the United States, when I took a boat trip to Cleveland. I was sitting on deck, when an elderly gentleman approached and engaged me in conversation. He seemed to be a just, kindly, solicitous man, interested in his fellowmen. He said judging from my accent I was not an American, and asked me how many languages I commanded. I told him I was a Pole and ventured the assertion I probably knew more languages than any man in Cleveland ; that I was versed in all the Slavic languages, especially Polish, Russian, Bohemian, and that I spoke German, French and Italian with equal fluency. He said, "Young man, why don't you go to Cleveland ? With your knowledge you ought to have no trouble in finding a better position than you have. If I were in your place I would go up to Hull & Dutton and see if they couldn't use you." I thanked him and said I would do as he suggested. And when I came to Cleveland that is what I did. I went to the big department store on Ontario street and asked for Mr. Hull. I was told Mr. Hull was in California. Mr. Dutton, they said when I asked for him and stated my business, saw no one on employment matters. I said I would see Mr. Dutton anyway and probably the emphatic way in which I said it carried conviction. At any rate I gained an audience. And who should Mr. Dutton prove to be but my elderly ac' quaintance from the boat. This started my career in Cleveland for Mr. Dutton employed me as a salesman. " 'During all of my two years in this country I had read law during my leisure hours. I also studied Blackstone with a firm in Toledo and later with Skeels & Rejcek in the old Wick Block in Cleveland. When the Western Reserve Law School was opened in a small frame building at the corner of Euclid Avenue and Adelbert Road enrolled in the first class formed. On account of my two nars of study in the law school in Vienna and the preparatory work I had done evenings I was admitted to the bar a year later, in 1893, graduating third in a class of sixty-six. Thus briefly told the experience appears to have been a much simpler matter than it really was. Many a time Mr. Niedzwiedzki walked from downtown out to Western Reserve Law School and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 233 back simply because he did not have the five cents car fare. For six months while attending school he studied twenty hours a day. He was up at four in the morning, studied until breakfast, put in the daylight hours at school, and then went back to the books in his small room until midnight. When qualified for practice Mr. Niedzwiedzki did not possess a dollar. Mr: C. A. Bejeek, one of his old preceptors, loaned him two dollars and the following week Dr. Aaron Hahn made him a loan of fifty dollars. Out of his first week's income as a lawyer he paid twenty-five dollars on office rent, twelve dollars for a set of statutes, twenty dollars for a second hand desk and chair, five dollars for office stationery and still had six dollars left. The old Wick Block in which he had his first office was on the Public Square, where the Illuminating Building now stands. After two years he moved into the Cuyahoga Building and now has one of the well furnished suites on the eighth floor of that office structure. He has long since attained rank as one of the leading lawyers in Cleveland and has a practice which amply recompenses him for his adventurous trip to this country and subsequent hardships and privations. He was the first Pole admitted to the bar in the State of Ohio. While engaged in general practice he has perhaps appeared most brilliantly as a criminal attorney. He has appeared in upwards of forty murder eases and has always succeeded in litigating the severity of the law to some extent for his clients. "Probably the most noted murder case in Ohio was one against Adam Lange. Lange killed a man at the Standard Foundry Company, in the presence of from about 75 to 100 people. Young Niedzwiedzki about one year after his admission to the bar was retained to defend him. The more he studied the case the more he saw the hopelessness of his client's position. Finally after studying the family history he came to the conclusion that somnambulism was the only defense to make. He had only two precedents to go by ; one defended by the famous Rufus Choate in Massachusetts in 1866 and one in Kentucky in 1877. He had to buck against such men as W. A. Neff, who was prosecuting attorney at the time in the case. It was necessary to go to Detroit to take depositions of about 30 or 40 witnesses who knew Lange from his childhood. The trial, before old Judge Hamilton, lasted eight days and resulted in Lange's going for one year to the penitentiary. The papers were full of it at the time, coming out with headlines as `DuLaurence's Novel Defense.' When young Niedzwiedzki succeeded in getting his first murder ease out with one year penalty he considered himself the best lawyer in the United States. "Another notorious case was The State vs. Kalinowski * * *. Ignatz Kalinowski was charged with killing his wife and a man by the name of Schmelter. The prosecution holding that the case against the wife was the stronger, tried it first. The trial lasted eleven days. Niedzwiedzki's argument lasted for seven and one-half hours and at the end of it two bystanders in the Courtroom had fainted dead away and there wasn't a juror whose eyes were dry. After twenty-six hours' deliberation Kalinowski was acquitted and the jury then took out Kalinowski and feasted him. * * * After the acquittal the Schmelter ease was nollied. "Mr. Niedzwiedzki has been a resident of Cleveland since 1891, a period of twenty-seven years. During all this time he has constantly worked for the uplift of his people and their betterment, and has well merited the high honors that have been given him by American Poles. For two years he was Vice-Censor of the Polish National Alliance of America, an organizatiOn comprising over a hundred twenty thousand Poles in the United States, Canada and South America. This is the second highest office in the gift of the Polish people of this continent. In 1913 he was even named for the highest office, that of Censor, but declined the honor on account of his pressing engagements as a lawyer. Mr. Niedzwiedzki is now president of one of the branches of the Polish National Defense Committee of America." February 22. 1904, he married Miss Victoria Mrukowski, of Chicago. Their three children are Henry. Jr., Helen S. and Lucia J. The family reside at 6844 Broadway. Mr. Niedzwiedzki formerly found his favorite hobby in horseback riding, but follows the modern custom of motoring and takes keen delight in garden work during summer. REV. OLIVER BURGESS. The happiness and welfare of mankind are promoted not so much by single individual achievements as by the long sustained devotion and service that is made up of innumerable commonplace duties faithfully performed and each one performed as an item in a general scheme animated by high purpose and an ambition to be of the greatest possible use to the world. 234 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS It was such a life and career that was lived by the late Rev. Oliver Burgess, who died at his home in Cleveland, 2680 Euclid Avenue, January 9, 1900, at the age of 82. For over half a century he was a minister of the Gospel, chiefly with the Methodist Church. He was an early day circuit rider, and enjoyed the associations of the famous preachers who were distinguished 'in the leadership in the Ohio Conference, and in those of adjoining states. He was born in Frederickstown, Maryland, in 1817. He early showed those traits of character which subsequently brought him into the ministry of service to his fellowmen and to the church. At the age of twelve years it is said he would gather the slaves about him on his father's plantation and pray with them and talk to them, again and again reminding the negroes of the time when they would be free. His earnestness so impressed his father that long before the Civil war the slaves were sold and the family removed to the free State of Ohio, locating at Mount Vernon. From the old home there Oliver Burgess entered Ohio Wesleyan University and also attended a school at Norwalk. He was only eighteen years of age when he was licensed to preach in the fall of 1835. He was ordained a deacon in 1838, and in 1840 was ordained an elder at Norwalk. During his active ministerial career he had not less than twenty-six different charges in Ohio, Michigan and Iowa. From 1854 to 1860 he served the Congregational Church, but then returned to the Methodist denomination. In 1869 he came to Cleveland from Burlington, Iowa, and in Cleveland spent the remainder of his years. He was at one time pastor of the Wilson Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church, which later became the Epworth Memorial Church in Cleveland. He continued in the active ministry for fifty-three years. A number of years of that time were spent as an old time circuit rider, carrying the Gospel on horseback among the log cabins, schoolhouses and crossroads settlements of sparsely populated communities. Animated with great zeal for the cause, he seemed to take delight in the physical hardships and circumstances of such a work. In fact, to the end of his days he delighted to recall these rides on horseback over the various circuits, with his wife and child in front of him, and on such long rides he was constantly talking of what this or that place most needed for the improvement of its moral condition. In one of Stevenson's famous prayers is an expression of a desire to live and enjoy a "green and vigorous age." Rev. Mr. Burgess truly attained and preserved the fire and earnestness of his youth to later years, as is well testified to by a- letter which he wrote to a friend in 1896, in which he said: "I have just completed looking over the files of the North Ohio Conference of 1854. As I think of these men and my association with them long ago, how the old time fire stirs my heart, and how I wish I were young again and could earnestly engage in the fight against wrong for the good and true and beautiful. We old men, after walking about Zion so long, do not want our trumpets to get rusty and will preach every time the churches and preachers will give us a chance." After he retired from the active ministry he devoted his time to writing for religious publications. Although with him the church was always first, he was intensely interested in civil and political affairs. He was a con'spicuous figure at the regular Monday meetings of the Methodist clergymen of the city, of which organization he was secretary for a long time. In 1838 Rev. Mr. Burgess married Miss Caroline M. Cogswell. She shared with him much of the arduous work of his circuit riding and preaching, and their companionship was continued into the quiet scenes, which enveloped life at Cleveland for many years. In 1888, twelve years before death sundered the ties of their marriage, they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary in the presence of their five sons and five daughters and numerous other relatives and friends. These wedding anniversaries were always very happy and notable occasions. Rev. Mr. Burgess died in January, 1900, and a little more than six months later his wife and companion of over sixty-two years followed him to the Great Beyond. She died at Cleveland, July 26, 1900, aged eighty-one. She was a native of New York State, but had lived in the Middle West for sixty years. She was a quiet Christian woman, devoted to her family and church, arid in these she found all the vital interests of her long life. HOWARD H. BURGESS was at one time a Cleveland editor, served six successive terms as city clerk, but for the last fifteen years has been best known because of his relationships with business affairs. Through these connections, his active part in the Chamber of Cora- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 235 merce and in other local organizations his name could be placed in any group of live and constructive Cleveland business men. He was born in Huron County, Ohio, Sep. tember 10, 1860, a son of the late Rev. Oliver Burgess and Caroline (Cogswell) Burgess. His father devoted his long life to the service of the ministry, was one of the early circuit riders of the Methodist Episcopal Church in Ohio and worked unceasingly in that cause for sixty years. In the family were ten children, five sons and five daughters, all living except three daughters, and all of them reached mature years. The youngest son and next to the youngest of the family, Howard H. Burgess grew up in Cleveland, attended the Brooks School and Baldwin University. Entering newspaper work he became city editor of The Sunday Voice, and also assistant city editor on The Herald, publications with which the older generation of Clevelanders are familiar. For four years he also did work as a political writer with the Cleveland Plain Dealer. In the spring of 1889 Mr. Burgess was elected city clerk of Cleveland for the regular term of two years. His record is almost unique in that he was chosen to that office six times in succession, and for twelve years his office and duties were in the City Hall. Since leaving office Mr. Burgess has applied himself to private affairs and various business organizations. His offices are in the Citizens Building. Mr. Burgess was president of the Cleveland Desk Company a number of years. Later he was secretary and treasurer of the Bankers Surety Company until that became the property of the Maryland Casualty Company. Following that he was president of the Federal Oil Company until January 1, 1917, when the principal interests of the company were transferred to a New York syndicate. The Federal Oil Company is now a $4,000,000 corporation, with Mr. Burgess still on the board of directors. He is a director of the Cleveland Tanning Company, vice president of the Cleveland Business University, president of the Stockwell Tax Table Company of Cleveland, and for nearly ten years was treasurer of the Tippecanoe Club, the big social organization of Cleveland republicans. Mr. Burgess was for fully a quarter of a century an active member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and prior to that had been identified with the old Cleveland Board of Trade. He is affiliated with Halcyon Lodge of Masons, is a member of the Union Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, City Club, Civic League and an attendant at St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Mr. Burgess and family reside on Lake Shore Boulevard in Bratenahl. On February 26, 1885, he married Miss Alice I. Hill. Her father was the late Colonel H. E. Hill, who died August 1, 1917, and was long a prominent figure in Cleveland business and military circles. Mrs. Burgess was born in Boston, Massachusetts, but received her education in Cleveland and in the Painesville Seminary. She is an active member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, the Brooks Society, the Woman's City Club, and in the local Red Cross organization. Mr. and Mrs. Burgess have one daughter, Helen Hill Burgess, now the wife of George Clark Johnson. Mr. Johnson is a graduate of Yale University, is president of the Enamel Products Company of Cleveland, and member of one of the oldest families of this city. Mrs. Johnson was born in Cleveland, was educated in Miss Mittleberger's School of Cleveland and at Rye Seminary at Rye, New York, and spent a year in a finishing course at Paris, France. THE SCHAUFPLER REALTY COMPANY. A Cleveland institution that in its growth and success illustrates the value of specialization in one field is The Schauffier Realty Company, in the Leader-News Building. The only people who have business dealings with this office are those who are primarily and exclusively interested in factory and business properties. There are a good many phases of the real estate business in general with which members of this company would confess no acquaintance or ability to advise whatever, but in their own special field their service is unexcelled. The membership of the company comprises Fred Schauffier, president of the company ; J. D. Runkle, vice president ; C. H. Schauffier. secretary and treasurer, and S. L. Garlock and L. W. Mackenzie. The company is not an old organization. The business was begun by Mr. Fred Schauffier in July, 1911, with a single desk in an office in the Williamson Building. His purpose was to deal in industrial and manufacturing properties and sites with track facilities, a business for which his previous experience qualified him already as something of a specialist. For the previous three years he had been traveling agent for the land department of the New York Central lines between Buffalo and Chicago. In that CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 237 capacity he had fixed the value of numerous pieces of land rented or leased by the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, the Michigan Central and Nickel Plate lines to manufacturers and other patrons. Thus he acquired the ability of an expert appraiser of this class of land. He had negotiated leases with industrial concerns occupying railroad locations in New York, Ontario, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana and Illinois, and through that he came to know all the requirements for ideal manufacturing locations. The reasons that caused him to select Cleveland as the center of his operations were stated by Mr. Schauffier as follows: "Before I picked out Cleveland as a location I considered well the probable industrial growth of four or five other cities. I chose Cleveland as offering the best opportunity." Even before renting his first desk in the Williamson Building he had come to the determination to specialize. It was his opinion that any man should become an expert in one line of business, and considering his previous experience it seemed the logical thing for him to handle factory property exclusively. As Mr. Sehauffier has said, "When a man wants his watch repaired he prefers to go to a man who does nothing else but repair watches, in preference to one who is also a jewelry repairer, optical goods man, etc. A small town may not have room for a specialist, but in the city you find a man who does one thing only and you expect him to be more competent than the man who does several different lines of work. This applies with equal force to the real estate business." Early in 1912 The Schauffier Realty Company was organized and incorporated. Mr. Fred Schauffier is also president of The Factory Building Company, a $25,000 corporation which assists small manufacturers in securing plant sites. It is well known that banks prefer to make loans on dwellings, commercial or apartment buildings, and many worthy small manufacturers find it difficult to secure building sites, since all their capital is required for the operation of the business. It is to supply this service and source of capital that The Factory Building Company was organized. The Schauffier Realty Company has been instrumental in bringing many industries to Cleveland. One of them is the new Chandler Motor Car Company, which built its plant on the Belt line. The company has handled more land along the Belt line than the Belt line itself. The Schauffier Realty Company moved its headquarters into the Leader-News Building before it was complete, a special suite having been furnished and equipped for their use on the third floor in advance of most of the other floors. One of the most notable displays in the Perry Centennial parade in September, 1913, was The Schauffier Realty Company's "Factory Float." This represented a brick factory in full operation with the shadow of the revolving wheels on the windows, smoke coming from the stack, and a constant clanging and grinding of machinery. It was carried on an automobile, and it received loud applause all along the line of march. The business of The Schauffier Realty Company naturally leads to many observations and deductions regarding the growth and development of American enterprise, and especially of industrial cities. It is the object of such a company to save time for the busy mcn of affairs who frequently lose a great deal of valuable time in seeking locations concerning which the expert realty man has instant information. All of this is due to the rapid transformation within the past twenty-five or thirty years of the United States from an agricultural to an industrial nation. Nearly every big city is vitally related to and dependent upon its industries. Factories are the backbone of American cities, and it is for that reason that Chambers of Commerce, Boards of Trade and Business Men's Associations are organized and working unitedly to secure the location of new factories. The advent of a new ;actory to a city employing say 200 men, has a vital significance. The result is not a mere increase of population. It means that another grocery store, another meat market, another carpenter, another street car conductor, another milk man, another school teacher, doctor, lawyer and preacher must be grouped around available and accessible in order to supply their services to this new element of population. It has been the policy of many towns and cities to offer bonuses as an inducement to manufacturing concerns, and some have been willing to donate land, and others both land and buildings and even cash in addition: In the experience of The Schauffier Realty Company this policy has not altogether been a wise one. An industry that is incapable of establishing itself on a self supporting basis almost from the start is worth little to any community. In the words of Mr. Schauffier, an industrial concern "that accepts an unsatisfactory location CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 237 to earn a bonus is like a board of directors employing an incompetent superintendent because he is willing to pay something for the position." One of the most important factors in the development of industrial property in Cleveland was the Cleveland Short Line Railway, known as the Belt line. About ten miles of this road runs through land formerly used for agricultural purposes, practically none of which was more than ten miles from the Public Square. Many thousands of acres of this land are available for industrial purposes, and it is for the purpose of increasing that availability and directing the attention of manufacturers to its value that The Sehauffier Realty Company has rendered one of its biggest services. This company is in fact doing for Cleveland the same service that is rendered by the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the only difference being that The Schauffier Company is frankly in the business for business reasons, with a proper consideration of the gain and profit involved. Mr. Fred Schauffier is a familiar figure in gatherings of real estate men and business men in general, and many times has spoken on his line of work and written many articles which have appeared in the daily press on the subject of industrial properties, on which he is without doubt one of the most highly qualified experts in the country. The Schauffier Realty Company are members of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, and Mr. Fred Schauffier has been a member of the valuation committee of that board a number of years. The clompany are also members of The Ohio Association of Real Estate Exchanges, members of the Ohio Tax League, Municipal League, Cleveland Fire Insurance Exchange and Civic League. Mr. Fred Schauffier was born in Millersburg, Ohio, November 24, 1876, a son of Carl and Emily (Joss) Sehauffier. Not long ago a Cleveland newspaper considered Mr. Shauffler's position in business affairs of sufficient importance and interest to be worth a column or so of valuable space as a news story. A correspondent was sent out and finally succeeded in eliciting from Mr. Schauffier an interview which has more significance to it than most stories concerning successful business men. This story as reported at the time runs as follows: "I left school at the age of twelve and took a job 'hopping bells' in a hotel at Pittsburg. My hope in those days was to become a rail- road man and after working at the hotel several months succeeded in getting a position with the Union News Company and ran from Pittsburg to Wheeling and back each day on the Pennsylvania Railroad. My mother thought I was too young for that kind of work, and after six months I gave it up and went to work in a store in Pittsburg. I worked in various places until the fall of 1896 found me selling sewing machines in New Philadelphia, Ohio. I was then twenty years old, and when McKinley's election was announced I told the family I was going to Cleveland and strike out for myself. "The Cleveland Trust Company had just started in business in the basement of the Garfield Building, with no entrance except a stairway and elevator in the rear of the lobby, and I ran the elevator there until the Spanish war." At this point it should be mentioned that Mr. Schauffier volunteered during that war as a member of Company L of the 14th United States Infantry, in the regular army, and saw considerable active service during a year in the Philippines. After that, resuming his own language, "I returned to the Garfield building and ran an elevator for some time. I left and worked at other things for several years, but finally took my old elevator position. The spring of 1905 found me running an elevator at forty-five dollars per month. I was then over twenty-eight, and had made up my mind there was no chance for me ever to do better. I had never worked in an office and with little schooling felt that I was not qualified for such a position." Mr. Schauffier was one day taking up to his office W. J. Hiner, a railroad man. Hiner said to the elevator boy, "There is a job as filing clerk in the office of the superintendent of the Lake Shore Railroad ; it pays fifty dollars a month, and if you want it you might as well have it." "I am making forty-five dollars where I am and maybe I'd better stick," responded Schauffier. "This is certain and the other job is uncertain. I do not believe I am systematic enough to be file clerk. I haven't got the education, either." But the next day having revolved the matter in mind, he decided to try the new responsibilities, the extra five dollars a month and the prospect of passes making a strong . appeal to him. Mr. Schauffier says: "I went down determined to do everything in my power to hold the job, but feeling it would be almost a miracle if I did. After I was there a week 238 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS I discovered I could do everything that was expected of me and even more; that the other clerks were just like myself ; that I could have done the same work ten or even fifteen years before; that a man is foolish to say he cannot do a certain thing because he knows nothing about it, and that a little digging into a seemingly mysterious matter often makes it easy." While this is Mr. Schauffler's personal version of the matter, it is said that he was in reality more than a routine worker. In a few weeks time he had devised a new form of conductor's hat check. While filing correspondence he had discovered that every conductor had his own system of indicating destination of individual passengers, and that no outsiders could check up or understand the system. Mr. Schauffler's recommendation for a uniform plan was soon adopted at a meeting of superintendents. He also recommended a new sixty-ride transportation slip system, and that idea likewise was adopted. The diligence with which he performed his regular duties and the ideas he originated from time to time naturally attracted the attention of his superiors. To resume his own story, "In a very short time I was getting sixty-five dollars a month, and had my eye on a stenographer's job that paid seventy-five dollars. I started to study at night and got along fine with shorthand, but I could never learn to spell and gave up the idea of being a stenographer. Two years later I was chief clerk of the land department of the Michigan Central Railway and was paying my stenographer as much as I had hoped to earn by learning shorthand. I next served as traveling land agent for the road with headquarters at Detroit and then took the same position with the Lake Shore & Ohio Central, with headquarters at Toledo. The Interstate Commerce Commission refused to allow the railroads to increase their freight rates in 1911, and the New York Central System started to retrench and all the traveling land agents were laid of on July 1st. “I had by this time wide experience in industrial property. On July 26, 1911, I rented desk room. On October 12, 1911, I received $51.60, which was my commission on my first deal, and December 11th I received $80. Those deals were all the business I handled the first six months. I was in business, but during that time I had walked over every mile of railroad in and about Cleveland and enquired into the history of every parcel of land that appeared valuable for industrial purposes. In the spring of 1912 it was necessary to employ a man to assist me, and on March 6, 1912, we incorporated The Schauffler Realty Company. On May 1, 1912, we went into larger quarters and on May 1, 1913, we moved into our present location in the Garfield Building." After reading this it is easy for any reader to understand that there is an unusually rare combination of business enterprise and sound and constructive thinking in the man who is at the head of The Schauffler. Realty Company. M. L. BERNSTEEN is a lawyer by profession, being a member of the firm Bernsteen & Bernsteen, attorneys and counselors at law in Society for Savings Building, but not unlike many other professional men his inclinations run strongly in the direction of the active outdoor life, and his special fondness is for ranching. He had several years of actual experience in managing a ranch in Texas, and it would not surprise his many Cleveland friends if Mr. Bernsteen eventually broke away from law practice and resumed the role of landed proprietor. Mr. Bernsteen was born at Carey, Ohio, February 2, 1881, a son of Harris and Henrietta (Meyers) Bernsteen. His father, a retired business man of Cleveland, for many years engaged in the manufacture of safes, is now enjoying the fruits of his good management and ability. Both he and his wife were born in Germany, and have lived in Cleveland over forty years. They had eight children, four sons and four daughters. M. L. Bernsteen when two years of age accompanied the family to Cleveland, and was educated in the public schools of this city, graduating from the Central High School with the class of 1899. He then spent five years in Western Reserve University in various departments and was graduated LL. B. from the law department in 1904, and admitted to the bar in the month of June in the same year. Instead of immediately embarking in practice, Mr. Bernsteen went to southwest Texas and participated strenuously in the scenes and activities of ranch and range until 1909. Returning to his native city he then embarked in the practice of law with his brother, A. E. Bernsteen under the name Bernsteen & Bernsteen. This firm enjoys a splendid reputation in Cleveland law circles, and has special- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 239 ized largely in personal injury practice, having about as large a clientage in that field as any other firm or individual. Mr. M. L. Bernsteen is a director of the Consolidated Oil Company of Cleveland and of the M. E. Lazarus Company. In politics he is for the best man regardless of party and is affiliated with Cleveland City Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Lodge, Knights of Pythias, Cleveland Lodge No. 18 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association. Mr. Bernsteen is unmarried. STEPHEN G. RUSK. The firm Nau, Rusk & Swearingen, certified public accountants, with offices both in Cleveland and New York, has a business practically national in scope, and is one of the most complete organizations of the kind in the Middle West. The second member of this firm is an accountant of long and thorough practical experience, and began his career in Cleveland as a cash boy, and has climbed by his own exertions and abilities to his present position. A native of Cleveland, Stephen George Rusk was born April 27, 187.0, a son of Peter H. and Amanda (Clark) Rusk. On his mother's side he traces his ancestry- back to Capt. Jacob Morgan, who was a gallant fighter, in not only the French and Indian wail but the Revolution. Mr. Rusk finished his course in the Cleveland grammar schools in June, 1885, at the age of fifteen. He then found employment as cash boy in Hower and Higbee's dry goods store, but in the fall of the same year entered the employ of Root and McBride, wholesale dry goods, as clerk in their shipping department. He remained with that one business for eight years, being promoted to stock keeper and junior salesman. He left the employ of that firm in 1893 and took up stenography, and in the following year was employed by the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company, continuing with them as stenographer and bookkeeper for twelve years. ,In 1906 Mr. Rusk accepted the position of senior accountant with the old and well known firm of public accountants, Ernst & Ernst, but in 1909 became a partner in the firm of Nau, Rusk & Swearingen, certified public accountants. Mr. Rusk is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, of the local chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, of the City Club, Civic League, the Cleveland Athletic Club, and is well known in business vol. II-18 and social circles of the city. He is a republican, a member of the Trinity Baptist Church, and is affiliated with the Lodge of Masons. August 11, 1906, at Cleveland Mr. Rusk married Lillian May Sencabaugh, daughter of James and Georgiana Sencabaugh. Mr. and Mrs. Rusk have one daughter, Georgiana Rosamond. LOUIS BARNES of the law firm Eshelman, Barnes & Richmond in the American Trust Building, has made an enviable record as a lawyer in Cleveland for a young man, and while now identified with general practice he early distinguished himself as a most keen and resourceful criminal lawyer. Mr. Barnes was born at Newcastle, Beaver County, Pennsylvania, February 8, 1886, and has lived in Cleveland since he was a child. He comes of a family of lawyers, both his great-grandfather and his grandfather having been leading members of the bar in Pennsylvania. Mr. Barnes' parents are of Scotch-Irish ancestry. He was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating in 1906 from the West High School under Charles P. Lynch. He then entered the law department of the Baldwin-Wallace University, taking his LL. B. degree in 1909, and was admitted to the Ohio bar June 23d of that year. He at once began practice in Cleveland, and until 1915 gave his time exclusively to the criminal law. In January, 1915, he became a member of the present firm of Eshelman, Barnes & Richmond. These are all young lawyers, and they handle a large volume of civil practice. Mr. Barnes, who is unmarried, .is a very enthusiastic republican, and has done much good work for the party, both in local and national affairs. He is affiliated with Newburg Lodge No. 379, Free and Accepted Masons, Baker Chapter No. 139 Royal Arch Masons, and is a member of the Gordon Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. His chief recreation is automobiling. WILLIAM E. McNAUGHTON. With the advantage that a liberal education gives a young man of industry and ambition he may find the road to success in many vocations comparatively easy, but there are others in which hard, practical experience is the most reliable path. It will be found on investigation that many of the most efficient business men of today have had this kind of training, one that has made them more self reliant than other- 240 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS wise and has given a wider sense of proportion. While William E. McNaughton, vice president of several of the most important manufacturing companies of Ohio, may not have needed this experience, he undoubtedly values and gives it due credit as a factor in an unusually successful career. William E. McNaughton was born at Ashland, Kentucky, August 21, 1888. His parents are John and Florida P. (Walker) McNaughton, both of whom survive. John McNaughton was born December 1, 1860, at Mount Vernon, Ohio, where he remained during his school period and then moved to Ashland, Kentucky. He became an iron worker in a blast furnace and continued there until 1895, when he came to Cleveland and entered the employ of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company as a blast furnace man. Prompt and reliable, he has never had any difficulty in securing a position of this kind, one requiring skill, knowledge and a sturdy constitution, and later entered the American Steel & Wire Company's plant, at present being connected with the Upson Nut Company. He is well known and highly respected and is a member of the order of Odd Fellows and of the Knights of Pythias. In 1885 he was married at Ashland, Kentucky, to Miss Florida P. Walker, and they have eight children. William E. McNaughton attended the public schools at Ashland until 1895, and after the family settled in Cleveland continued his education here for three years, returning then to his native place to take his high school course and afterward to become a student in the University of Kentucky, from which he was graduated in June, 1905. After returning to Cleveland he became office manager for the firm of Knauff & Esterbrook, manufacturers of fire brick, and continued until 1909. It was at this time that Mr. McNaughton entered upon his period of practical experience as an open hearth man with the Upson Nut Company. Mr. McNaughton then became cashier and credit man with the Cleveland Tool & Supply Company, continuing for three years and then, in association with several other men of capital and enterprise, organized the Cleveland Machinery & Supply Company, of which he is vice president and secretary, and additionally is secretary of the Simplex Machine Tool Company. He has proven able and reliable in every business situation and enjoys the confidence as well as the respect of his business associates. Mr. McNaughton was married at Cleveland, January 26, 1916, to Miss Irene E. Kelly, and they have two sons, John Francis, who was born March 7, 1917, and William E., Jr., born March 17, 1918. Mrs. McNaughton is a daughter of Frank A. Kelly, who was born on Franklin Avenue, Cleveland, July 23, 1857. He attended the public schools and St. Patrick's Parochial School, and afterward was employed in the Cleveland Rolling Mills. On March 15, 1887, Mr. Kelly entered the police force of this city as a patrolman, and served continuously for twenty-seven years, with an exceptionally clean record. He was highly valued because of his fidelity to duty, for courage and honesty, and was promoted, and when lie resigned, May 21, 1913, he was a sergeant of police. He was married at Cleveland October 25, 1879, to Miss Margaret C. Bartlett, and they have had a family of nine children. In politics Mr. McNaughton is a republican, but in time of national danger (1917) is before everything an American, and is a commissioned ensign in the United States Naval Reserves. In civic matters he has always performed his full duty, and if dire circumstances call for his patriotic duty far from home and kindred there too will he certainly be found ready and efficient. He is one of the active and popular members of the Cleveland Athletic Club, and for many years has been a zealous Mason, in which fraternity he is a Shriner. He is a prominent example of the effective younger business men of this city. ALBERT HARLAN BATES. The reputation of the eminent attorneys in the field of patent law is not made in a day, unusual ability in this broad department demanding not only natural capacity, but the most thorough preparation and strenuous, continuous and intense application and industry. Broad education and extensive knowledge of business, commercial and industrial principles and conditions, are requisites for success. Commencing practice at Cleveland about twenty years ago, Albert Harlan Bates has steadily advanced to the front in reputation and the legitimate rewards of such a standing, and his contemporaries are quick to acknowledge his special abilities and his high position among the lawyers of the state. Albert Harlan Bates was born in the City of Cincinnati, Ohio, January 24, 1869, and is a son of Cyrus S. and Lavena S. Bates. He was granted excellent educational advan- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 241 tages, attending Kenyon Military Academy, at. Gambier, Ohio, and next completing a course in Lehigh University, from which splendid institution he was graduated with the class of 1889, receiving the degree of mechanical engineer. His legal studies were prosecuted at the Ohio State University, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1892, and, being admitted to the bar in the same year, joined the legal forces of the Brush Electric Company, with which, concern he was identified during 1892 to 1893. Mr. Bates left Cleveland in 1893, temporarily, going to Chicago, where he was associated with Robert H. Parkinson, a prominent patent lawyer. With this added experience, he returned to Cleveland in the latter part of 1896, and in 1897 became a member of the firm of Thurston & Bates, this combination continuing in existence until 1905. In 1906 the firm of Bates, Fonts & Hull was formed and soon took prominent rank in patent law and continued to be connected with many important cases during the entire time that it remained together as an association. For some years after 1909 Mr. pates was engaged in practice alone, but in 1916 formed his present partnership of Bates & Macklint who maintain offices in the Society for Savings Building. He has at-traced to himself a large and representative clientele, and through fine abilities has been able to make his name known as one of the foremost practitioners in his particular field. Mr. Bates is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the City and State Bar associations. He likewise holds membership in the Psi Upsilon fraternity, the City Club and the Cleveland Automobile Club. He is an ardent motorist and likewise is fond of taking fishing trips. On October 11, 1904, Mr. Bates was married at Atlanta, Georgia, to Miss Kathleen Jones, and they have now two children : Margaret and Darwin. WILLIAM HOWARD BRETT. Few men have it in them to grow in understanding in proportion to the tremendous growth of modern life. It requires something of genius in the individual to adjust and adapt the capabilities and his service to the changing needs and demands of an ever new time and situation. It is such a type of service that has made the work of William Howard Brett distinctive as an American librarian. Mr. Brett has been head of the Cleveland Public Library over thirty years. He came to his post when the library was an almost immobile and unavailing collection of books, and has brought it into intimate and daily contact with the people of a great city. He has given vitality to one of the most important functions of the municipality. William Howard Brett was born at Braceville, Trumbull County, Ohio, July 1, 1846, a son of Morgan Lewis and Jane (Brokaw) Brett. His father was born in New York State and his mother in Virginia, and both died in Cleveland. In the paternal line Mr. Brett is of New England descent. He is in the seventh generation from William Brett, who came to Plymouth, Massachusetts, from England in 1630. The New England Bretts were associated and related with the families of Alden, Howard & Foote. Mr. Brett's mother was of Dutch Colonial stock. He was the only son among three children. His sister, Ida J., has for many years been a teacher at Cleveland. His sister, Mary V., now deceased, was also a Cleveland teacher. As a boy William H. Brett attended the public schools of Warren, Ohio. He was not yet fifteen years of age when the war broke out. With most boys of the time he wanted to get to the front. Several attempts to enter the army were frustrated, either because he was rejected as being too young or else was claimed from the ranks by his father. Finally in April, 1864, he succeeded in his desire and was enrolled in the One Hundred and Seventy-first Ohio Regiment. When the time of his enlistment expired he re-enlisted in the One Hundred and Ninety-sixth Ohio. He was mustered out with this regiment at the close of the war. During 1868-69 Mr. Brett was a student in the medical department of the University of Michigan. During 1874-75 he continued his studies in the Western Reserve University. The degree Master of Arts was conferred upon him by Hiram College in 1894. During his vacations he had been in the book business, and in 1871 he came to Cleveland and followed that as a vocation until he assumed his present post as librarian of the Cleveland Publie• Library in 1884. At that time the public library occupied the second and third floors of the old Central High School Building. Its quarters were there until 1900, when it was removed to the old City Hall Annex. At the present time a magnificent library building, to cost $2,000,000, is 242 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS in course of construction on the site of the old City Hall. As librarian Mr. Brett has been indefatigable not only in developing and extending the collection of books in all departments, but particularly in facilitating the use of the library by the people of Cleveland. He first made it an invaluable adjunct to the work of the public schools, and then sought every opportunity to make the books readily available to the reading public by liberalizing the circulation department and promoting the establishment of local and branch libraries, reading rooms and delivery stations. Doubtless his greatest contribution to the American library system was in originating and giving the first practical and successful demonstration of the "open shelf" policy. Cleveland was the first large city in the country to inaugurate the plan of allowing free general access to the book stacks. This system was adopted in 1889. In recent years practically every large library of the country has adopted in modified form at least the plan. Mr. Brett says that when he was considering the system librarians over the country said it would prove impracticable, and that Cleveland would soon be without a library because books would be taken out and never returned. Probably with no important exception, the plan has justified itself wherever tried, and it has done more than anything else to remove the formidable barrier which under the old system intervened between the library patron and the valuable contents of the library. Mr. Brett has seen a magnificent growth not only in the central library, but in its many branches. Andrew Carnegie gave money for the construction of fourteen branch libraries, and eleven of these are in operation. Altogether there are forty-five branches and books are issued through 600 stations. Mr. Brett has been dean of the Western Reserve Library School since 1903. He was largely instrumental in forming the Ohio Library Association, of which he was the first president in 1895-96. In 1897 he was honored by election as president of the American Library Association. In the following year he was chairman of the Trans-Mississippi Library Congress. In library circles Mr. Brett is known as the originator of the "Cumulative Index." He was editor of the Cumulative Index in 1896-97. This deserves to rank only second to his achievement in inaugurating the open shelf library policy. It has served to make available the vast and valuable contents of current magazines in which is stored priceless information which without the cumulative index would be practically lost for purposes of ready reference. Many other practical ideas and plans have been formulated by Mr. Brett and have been incorporated into library work in different parts of the country. Mr. Brett is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Rowfant Club, the City Club, Advertising Club, and City Club of New York. He was married May 1, 1879, to Miss Alice L. Allen of Cleveland. Six children were born to them : Morgan L., who is a graduate of West Point Military Academy, and is now major of ordnance, U. S. A. ; Allen V., is in business in Cleveland ; George H., major in aviatios. corps, U. S. A., somewhere in France; Edith A., now the wife of First Lieut. Ralph A. Spengler, Ordnance Reserve Corps; William H., Jr., first lieuten-. ant Ordnance Reserve Corps, and Harold, who died in infancy. MISS MARY CORINNE QUINTRELL. Cleveland has had no nobler, more generous and effective citizen as an educator, public welfare worker and citizen than Miss Mary Corinne Quintrell, who has spent nearly all her life in this city. She was born at St. Austell, Cornwall, England, daughter of Thomas and Emma (Brewer) Quintrell. The Quintrells were a prominent family in England dating back to the days of Queen Elizabeth. Many of them were lawyers and occupied high positions in the courts of the kingdom. Thomas Quintrell 's grandmother bore the historic name of Bolyn. Thomas Quintrell after coming to America settled on the west side of the present City of Cleveland and conducted a nursery where Edgewater Park is now located. He died in 1876, after twenty-six years, in the City of Cleveland. His widow, Emma Quintrell, died at her home, 799 Euclid Avenue, February 19, 1881, at the age of sixty-eight. She was a woman of remarkable intelligence and a great historian, of noble impulses and large generosity, was greatly beloved by her family and was a sterling worker in the Christian religion, to which she was devoted for fully fifty years. There were seven children in the family, one of the daughters dying in childhood. Those to grow up were two daughters and four sons. Two of the sons distinguished themselves in the Civil war, dur- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 243 ing which both of them gave their lives as a sacrifice to the cause. One of them was Col. Alpheus G. Quintrell, who commanded Company E, Sixtieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, a company of Cleveland and Oberlin men which he raised. He was noted as one of the most intrepid and dashing officers of his command. He especially distinguished himself at the battle of Cold Harbor, where under heavy fire he and his comrades repelled a heavy charge of the enemy which had broken another part of the line. One of the causes of the death three months later of the other brother, Nathaniel Brewer Quintrell, was overwork in the United States Hospital and grief at the loss of his gallant brother. Dr. Quintrell was stationed as a young surgeon at the army hospital at Cleveland, and the loss of his brother with the overtaxing nature of his work took him away at the very outset of his most promising career. Another son, Clifton Quintrell, died in Sioux City, Iowa, and the other daughter, Mrs. Emma Stone, died in Rochester, Minnesota, in 1911. The only survivors of the family are Miss Quintrell and Thomas Quintrell of Cleveland. Miss Quintrell was educated at Cleveland and as a girl she and her brother Alpheus walked from their father's home the distance of two miles to the schoolhouse in what was then known as Ohio City. Miss Quintrell was the first girl graduate from the West Side Cleveland High School, and the honors of praise given her that day were a prelude to the substantial work and devotion to cultivated objects which have filled her life since then. She was the first graduate of the West High School to teach in the Cleveland public schools. She also edited the high school paper, which was the first publication on the west side of the river. Miss Quintrell continued as a teacher in'the public schools of Cleveland for about twenty-five years and first attracted general attention to her work as a teacher by introducing the phonic method of reading. That system, now almost universally used, was a daring innovation at the time, but Miss Quintrell not only demonstrated its splendid results in her own classroom, but at the request of the superintendent of instruction did much to train other teachers to use it successfully. She also prepared a large part of the charts used in teaching reading in the local schools. Miss Quintrell has supplied the city hospitals of Cleveland with reading matter over forty years. A movement to which she is now giving much of her time and attention is for the purpose of restoring the reading of the Bible to the public schools of Cleveland. Miss Quintrell was the first woman republican candidate for the Cleveland school council in 1895. She has traveled extensively in Europe and America and has always kept in close touch with matters of education and general culture. She has written many papers and poems for the Cleveland clubs, which have been published in some of the leading magazines and periodicals of the day. Miss Quintrell is a talented artist, paints in oil., and a number of fine marine pictures have been greatly appreciated by her friends and critics. Miss Quintrell was one of the organizers of the Sorosis of Cleveland, and served as president and was critic of the Novelist Club for fifteen years. The Science Club of Cleveland chose her as its special representative to the Science Congress of the World's Columbian Expedition at Chicago in 1893, and at one of the meetings of that congress on August 24 she furnished an entertaining and instructive address covering for the most part geological subjects under the name "Sea and Shore, or a Day With Our Science Club." Much has been written concerning Miss Quintrell and her work. Her biography appears in Woman's Who's Who of America for 1914-15. Miss Quintrell resides at 15986 Euclid Avenue. KARL FENNING, whose position in the Cleveland bar is one of well defined success, has throughout the period of his professional career given his exclusive attention to patent law. Before coming to Cleveland he had an extended experience in this branch of practice, both in his native city of Washington and at New York City. Mr. Fenning was born at Washington, March 30, 1881, son of James A. and Annie R. (Dey) Fenning. His father, who died at Washington in 1895, was a native of England. The mother, who lives in Washington, is of old American stock, some of her ancestors having come to this country as early as 1660. Mr. Karl Fenning has an older brother, Frederick A., also an attorney by profession, who has been in general practice at Washington for a number of years, but is now serving with the rank of captain in the quartermaster's department with the national army. Karl Fenning finished his work in the pub- 244 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS lic schools of his native city in 1899, and then pursued his higher education in Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut, where he graduated A. B. in 1903 and master of arts in 1904. In the meantime he had studied law in the National Law School at Washington, from which he received his LL. B. degree in 1904, and in the same year was granted, the degree Master of Patent Law by Columbian (now George Washington) University. In the same year he was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia, and after a short period of practice in Washington moved to New York City, where from 1906 to 1911 he continued his special work. In 1911 he came to Cleveland, and has since built up a very gratifying business in patent causes, trade marks, and all branches of the patent law. While at Washington he was connected with the firm of Baldwin & Wight, in New York City was with the firm of Pierce, Barber & Penning, but since coming to Cleveland has practiced alone. His offices are in the Citizens Building.. Mr. Fenning's numerous other interests and associations may be gathered from his active connection with the following organizations: University Club ofi Cleveland, Cleveland Athletic Club, City Club of Cleveland, Union Club, Western Reserve Chapter Sons of the American Revolution, Civic League, Drama League of Cleveland, president of the Cleveland Centre of the Drama League of America, Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church, American and Cleveland Bar associations, University Club of Washington, Phi Gamma Delta' Club of New York City, Phi Gamma Delta of Trinity College, American Society for the Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, and American Patent Law Association. In politics he is a republican in national affairs. Mr. Penning resides at 1877 East 84th Street. June 7, 1917, he married Miss Hazel M. O'Neil of New York City, who is a graduate of Smith College. WILLIAM T. ROSSITER. There are many men much older in years whose duties and executive responsibilities are not half those of William T. Rossiter, secretary and general manager of the Cleveland Builders Supply Company. Mr. Rossiter has been a live and coming Cleveland business man almost from the time he left public school, and his record is an enviable one, not only with the present company but with other concerns that have enjoyed his services. He is one of the best known builders supply men of the country, and at present is president of the.Ohio Builders Supply Association, and for several years has been active in national and local association work. The industry is indebted to him among other things for the commodity cost system now generally used throughout the country. Mr. Rossiter was born at Cleveland, August 19, 1883. His family have been good substantial people in Cleveland for many years. His grandfather, James Rossiter was a native of Ireland, came to the United States on a sailing vessel, and when he located in Cleveland had only his industry and his ambition as a means of promoting himself in the world. He later established and conducted one of the first coal yards of Cleveland, the business being continued under the name James Rossiter & Sons. He was a coal merchant on Columbus Road on the west side for forty years, and altogether was a most remarkable old gentleman and became widely known in Cleveland affairs. His son, J. C. Rossiter, father of William T., is a native of Cleveland, and is now living retired. At one time he was associated with his father in the coal business, and his last active connection was with the Cleveland Provision Company. He married in Cleveland Catherine Mahon, also a native of this city. She died about 1898. Her father, P. S. Mahon also came from Ireland, and was well known in business circles in early Cleveland, conducting a big tailoring establishment on the west side, where he had between forty and fifty girls employed operating his sewing machines. To J. C. Rossiter and wife were born seven children, three sons and four daughters. Five are still living, and as none of them are married they constitute a lively and interesting home circle around their father. The oldest child, James, died at the age of fifteen. The living children are: Nellie M., John J., William T., Margaret and Catherine. Nellie is a talented musician, having finished her work in one of the famous schools of Italy at Rome. She is a teacher of piano, and has a large class of about fifty pupils. The son, John is in the real estate business at Cleveland. William T. Rossiter received his education in the old Kentucky school on the West Side, and left that to begin work with the Cleveland Provision Company, in whose employ he remained for about eight years. He rose to the position of auditor of the company. Then CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 245 for about a year and a half he was assistant manager for the Mason Supply Company, that giving him his first experience in his present line of activity. The Mason Supply Company was then consolidated with the Kelley Line and Transport Company and the Cleveland Builders Supply Company, and Mr. Rossiter was made assistant treasurer of the new corporation. A year later he was promoted to secretary, and three months after that became secretary and general manager. The Cleveland Builders Supply Company is one of the largest organizations of its kind in Ohio. Its business offices are in the Leader-News Building and it maintains eight factories and warehouses in different quarters of the city. It represents a thoroughly efficient organization, a large invested capital, and many experienced men to handle the various departments. To the success and upbuilding of this concern Mr. Rossiter is devoted heart and soul, and his business has so far supplanted in his affections any of those interests which other men find through marriage. In politics Mr. Rossiter is a republican in national affairs, but is strictly independent locally. He is affiliated with Cleveland Lodge No. 18 Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks and member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Automobile Club, West Side Chamber of Industry, East Shore Country Club and Cleveland Athletic Club. LEON A. KUJAWSKI, attorney and counsellor at law in the Society for Savings Building, has acquired a splendid practice among the Polish people of Cleveland, where he is recognized as a very able lawyer and, is in fact a man of unusual and most versatile talents. He was active as an educator for some years before he took up the law. Mr. Kujawski was born in the City of Posen, Province of Posen, Poland, April 11, 1884. Posen, it may be recalled as a matter of history, was during the seventh, eighth and ninth centuries the first kingdom of Poland. His parents, John I. and Stanislaws (Wichert) Kujawski, were both natives of Poland. His mother was born at the Village of Gasawa in Posen, and they were married there. They first met while the father was teaching school in Gasawa. John I. Kujawski finished his education in a normal college at Peplin, Posen, and was a teacher in the old country thirty-five years. After coming to America he taught school four years, two years in South Chicago, and two years in St. Adelbert's Polish parish in Chicago. He became organist at St. Adelbert's Church, and filled that position twenty-three years. His death occurred in Chicago March 19, 1908. He was succeeded as organist by his son, Bruno S., who served there eight years and on resigning his place was taken by an older brother, Severyn, who continues the work to the present time. Severyn is a graduate of the Chicago Conservatory of Music and also studied the organ under Mendelsohn in Milwaukee. He is rated as one of the finest singers and organists in the country. The widowed mother is now living at Cicero, Chicago. The parents came to the United States in 1888, when Leon was four years of age. John I. Kujawski's old professor in Poland was the late Father John Radziejewski. He had served as a soldier in the Franco-Prussian war, lost a leg in that service and for many years wore an artificial leg. It is said that he was the only cripple who ever became a priest. He had taken up his priestly duties in Chicago and it was through his persuasion that John I. Kujawski brought his family to America. Father Radziejewski was the founder of St. Adelbert's Church in Chicago. The parents brought with them to this country four sons, and three other children were born in Chicago. All these are still living, named as follows: Severyn J. of Chicago ; Leon A.; Theodore S., a traveling salesman, living at Chicago ; Bruno S. ; Helen, wife of Dr. Florian G. Ostrowski of Cicero, Chicago; Edward S., an architect in Cleveland; and Walter, who has been drafted for service in the United States army. The children were all educated in Chicago. Leon A. Kujawski attended St. Adelbert's parochial school and St. Pius School for Boys, a Jesuit institution in Chicago, graduating from the eighth grade at the age of fourteen and at the age of eighteen he graduated from St. Ignatius College in Chicago. He then left home and has since the age of eighteen looked out for himself. He studied music, both vocal and instrumental while attending St. Ignatius College. The parents gave all their children splendid educational advantages. Mr. Kujawski on leaving home became a teacher, and worked in the parochial schools of Hammond, Indiana; Lorain, Ohio; Cleveland ; Ford City, Pennsylvania; Scranton and Johnstown, Pennsylvania. In the fall of 1908 he returned to Cleveland, entering the Law School of Baldwin-Wallace Univer- 246 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS sity, Berea, Ohio, in 1910, and was graduated LL. B., in 1913. Mr. Kujawski was admitted to the bar June 27, 1913, and on March 21, 1916, was qualified to practice in the Federal courts. He began practice at Cleveland alone, and for a short time was associated with Victor J. Conrad. He has been practicing with offices at 418 Society for Savings Building since January 1, 1914. Mr. Kujawski is a democrat in politics and quite active and influential in his section of Cleveland. He is a member of the Twentieth Congressional District Club, is a member, and from 1913 to June, 1917, was chairman of the Polish Singers Alliance of America. He was elected at the convention in Chicago and reelected at Pittsburg. He is a member of the Polish National Alliance, of the Sigma Kappa Phi fraternity of Cleveland Law School, belongs to St. John Cantius parish of Cleveland, and is a member of the City Club and the Civic League. In St. Joseph's Church at Passaic, New Jersey, November 29, 1916, Mr. Kujawski and Winifred M. Stazewski were united in marriage, and they have one son, Robert L. Mrs. Kujawski was born at Wallington, New Jersey, was educated there, attending the Rutherford High School, and she met her future husband while a visitor to the convention of the Polish National Alliance at Schenectady, New York. She is a member of this national alliance. Her parents were Anton and Sophia (Krzeminski) Stazewski. Her mother is still living at the old home in Wallington, while her father, deceased, was in the bakery business there for many years. They were one of the earliest Polish families to settle in Wallington, coming to this country from Poland. IGNATZ W. DEUTSCH was for many years one of the most prominent Hungarians in America. For over thirty years he was a resident of Cleveland, and widely known both for his social and business connections. Mr. Deutsch died at his home in Cleveland, October 30, 1905, at the age of fifty-seven. He was born on the banks of the Danube River, near Budapest, in Hungary, and for several years of his early manhood had official rank in the Hungarian army. He served as lieutenant and on account of continued service was promoted to the rank of captain. However, he resigned this commission in order to bring his family to America in 1872. One of his most valued possessions was a medal received from the late Emperor Franz Joseph for honorable and distinguished service in the emperor's army. Only three such medals are known to have been possessed by American residents. On locating in South Cleveland Mr. Deutsch established himself in the merchant tailoring business, and was active in that line until about five years before his death, when he retired on account of ill health, which kept him an invalid the rest of his days. His business activities made him a man of success and prominence. He was one of the directors of the South Cleveland Banking Company, and had financial interests in a number of other concerns. He was one of the founders of the South End Improvement Association. He was active in both charitable and secret societies, and held official chairs in nearly every prominent Hungarian and Hebrew society in Cleveland. For years he was president of the Hebrew Relief Society, and was also president of the Ladies Charitable Society before that organization was merged with the Jewish Council of Women. He was frequently honored with office in some of the largest lodges of the city. For a time he was inspector general of the Ohio Division, uniform rank, Knights of Pythias, and was also a member in good standing of the Odd Fellows and Masons. Among the leading Hungarian societies which recognized him as an honored and useful member were the Hungarian Aid Society, the Hungarian Benevolent and Social Union, and the Bothanyi. On coming to America Mr. Deutsch first settled in Pennsylvania and lived in that state three years before coming to Cleveland. In Hungary he married Miss Ethel Hyman, who is still living. She is prominent in Jewish charitable affairs and one of the directors of the Jewish Infants Orphans Home of Cleveland. There are six sons: Louis A., civil service commissioner at Cleveland; Samuel M., a Cleveland druggist; S. J., a prominent Cleveland attorney; Walter P., a brass manufacturer in this city; Dr. Alfred J., a Cleveland dentist, and Harold G., who is now serving with the Twenty-third Engineers in the National Army. SIGMUND J. DEUTSCH has attained a leading position among Cleveland's real estate and corporation .lawyers, has been a member of the bar fifteen years, is a native of the city, and member of one of the old and prominent CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 247 Hungarian families of Cleveland, a son of the late Ignatz W. Deutsch, the record of whose career is briefly told on other pages. Born in Cleveland, September 11, 1877, Sigmund J. Deutsch was one of six sons, all of whom have some honorable and successful distinctions attaching to their names in this city. He was liberally educated, going from the grammar schools to the South High School, where he finished in 1895, and then continued a student of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, taking his A. B. degree in 1899. Mr. Deutsch studied law in the Western Reserve University Law School and graduated LL. B. in 1902, being admitted to the Ohio bar the same year. During his preliminary period of practice he was associated with A. F. Gaughan and H. A. Cummings in the firm of Cummings, Deutsch & Gaughan in the Williamson Building. This firm was succeeded three years later by Deutsch, Howells & Grossman, and they also had their offices in the Williamson Building for five years. Mr. Deutsch's next partnership was with Henry A. Beckerman as Beckerman & Deutsch. When this was dissolved three years later Mr. Deutsch took up an individual practice, and has since had no partnership. At present his office is at 510 American Trust Building. As a real estate and corporation lawyer he represents several important corporations, and is also attorney in this part of the country for the United Cigar Stores Company, and is a director in the Bronx Realty Company, a subsidiary of that corporation. He is also a director of the Empire Brass Manufacturing Company. Mr. Deutsch has been a man of considerable influence and activity in the republican party.since his admission to the bar, though not as a candidate for office. His father was a Mason, and he and all his brothers are members of that order, andle is also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a member of the Cleveland, Ohio State and American Bar associations. He has membership in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Civic League, Cleveland Automobile Club. Mr. Deutsch is a great lover of books and art. His home is at 1690 East 81st Street. June 14, 1913, he married Miss Florence A. Coblitz, who was born and educated in Cleveland, being a graduate of the South High School and a daughter of Phillip A. and Elizabeth (Wodiska) Coblitz. Her father, who died in 1911 was in the wholesale woolen business at Cleveland. Her mother is still a resident of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Deutsch have one son, Robert Philip, born November 28, 1914. HORACE NEFF has been a member of the Cleveland bar since 1902, and his offices are in the Illuminating Building. He is a son of Judge William B. and Elizabeth H. (Hyre) Neff, of a well known and highly respected Cleveland family. Horace Neff was born on Bolton Avenue June 24, 1878. He was educated in the public schools and attended the law department of Western Reserve University, from which he was graduated with the class of 1901. For two years he served as deputy city clerk of Cleveland under W. R. Coates. He was admitted to the bar in June, 1902, and in January of the following year began practice. For a short time he was in the law offices of Hile & Horn, and for nearly four years was in the office of Foran & Powell. He has never had a law partnership and for over ten years has practiced alone. For some time he gave considerable attention to the criminal branch of practice, but for the last two years his work has been along general lines. Mr. Neff is a republican in politics. June 15, 1912, he married Miss Lillian Alice Balthaser. Mrs. Neff was born at Amanda in Fairfield County, Ohio, daughter of John A. and Mary (Warner) Balthaser. She was reared there and educated in the common and high schools. Her father was a farmer and business man and the Balthasers were among the first settlers of Fairfield County. Mrs. Neff's great-grandfather, General Kramer, served in the armies of the great Napoleon. The Balthasers are numerously represented in Ohio and only recently a large family reunion occurred at Amanda. Mrs. Neff's parents are both now deceased. ARTHUR G. HYDE, M. D. For the past eleven years Dr. Arthur G. Hyde has figured prominently in the medical profession of Cleveland, and has maintained throughout his career a high standard of ethics and honorable principles. A man of skill, knowledge and capability, he has risen steadily in his profession, deservedly winning the rewards of devotion to his calling, and in 1914 recognition of his talents and executive powers was 248 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS expressed in his appointment as superintendent of the Cleveland State Hospital, a position which he retains at this time. Doctor Hyde was born January 16, 1876, in Ashland County, Ohio, a son of Anson and Jennie Hyde. His father was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, July 5, 1852, and was there reared and educated, and on arriving at man's estate engaged in farming. In 1869 he moved to Ashland County, Ohio, where he has since carried on general farming and dairy operations and is accounted one of the substantial and reliable men of his community. He was married January 21, 1875, to Jennie Gordon, and they are the parents of four children : Dr. Charles W., who is engaged in the practice of medicine and surgery at Washington, D. C.; Dr. David C., a graduate of the veterinary department of the Ohio State University, and now state veterinary surgeon of Ohio; Mrs. Mildred M. Nicholls, a resident of Sullivan, Ohio; and Arthur G. After attending the graded and high schools of Ashland County, from the latter of which he graduated in 1896, Arthur G. Hyde entered Hiram College, where he was a student for two years, subsequently enrolling at the Ohio Northern University, at Ada, where he was graduated in 1899 with the degree of Bachelor of Science. He continued his education in the medical department of Miami Medical College (now University of Cincinnati) and graduated therefrom in 1901, with the degree of Doctor of Medicine, and to further his training took an interneship in the Ohio Soldiers and Sailors Home, where he remained for one year. Doctor Hyde entered upon the active practice of his profession at Rowsburg, Ohio, where he remained four and one-half years, and at the end of that time received an appointment as assistant physician of the State Hospital at Cleveland. His appointment as superintendent of that institution, September 15, 1914, came as due recognition of excellent professional skill and capacity for management. In this position Doctor Hyde has established an enviable record, both as an executive and a physician. His labors have resulted in many needed improvements being made in the institution and in the establishment of a system that makes this hospital one of the best governed in the state. He keeps thoroughly abreast of the progress made in medical science, and is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio Medical So ciety and the American Medical Association. Fraternally he is affiliated with Newburgh Lodge No. 379, Free & Accepted Masons. He likewise belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and to the Cleveland Athletic Club. Doctor Hyde was married at Cleveland, June 15, 1910, to Carrie L. Cooke, and they are the parents of two children: Arthur Gordon, Jr., born in 1912; and Caroline Jane, born in 1917. J. H. SOMERS. It is only during the last half century that the coal industry of the Middle West has assumed proportions overshadowing that of all primary sources of heat and energy. Even some thirty or forty years ago railway locomotives were still burning wood as fuel. These facts are mentioned to indicate the important relations sustained by three generations of the Somers family to the coal industry of the Middle West, the first generation having mined coal for a limited local supply, while the present generation represented at Cleveland is busied with extensive operations proportionate to the indispensable and vital part that coal now sustains to the productive energies of the world. The middle generation of the family was represented by the late J. H. Somers, who in 1868, half a century ago, succeeded to a coal business established by his father in Columbus, Ohio, and who spent the last twenty-five years of his life at Cleveland, from which point he directed the operation of many extensive mines. He was one of the largest stockholders of the Roby Coal Company, which deals in gas, oil, steam, coal, and in fact, was one of the biggest coal operators in the entire country. He was born at Marietta, Ohio, in 1842, a son of Jonathan F. Somers, who was the pioneer of the family in the coal business in Ohio. J. H. Somers grew up at Marietta, lived at Newark for some years, but in' 1868 took up the business established by his father at Columbus. From there in 1883 he removed to Cleveland. He contributed much to the technique and modern processes of coal mining and coal distribution. Ile was associated with the movement for the development of the coal fields of Saginaw, Michigan, and also extensive fields in Ohio, Indiana, Pennsylvania and West Virginia. He was an executive in corporations that employed thousands of men and did a business involving many hundreds of thousands of dollars. For many years he was vice president of the J. H. Som- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 249 ers Coal Company, having assisted in organizing that firm and also the Roby Coal Company. His success was due to the phenomenal energy which characterized him all his life. He practically died in the harness, having been busied with affairs at his office on the day preceding his death, which came suddenly at Cleveland, November 18, 1908. He was laid to rest in Lake View Cemetery. Of his qualities as a citizen and business man the following has been written: "Those who knew Mr. Somers personally found him at times brusque, and yet his sympathies were easily aroused. He was strong in his likes and dislikes and stood firm for what he believed to be his right. On the other hand he was extremely just and fair, according to others what was their due. He cared nothing for public office, yet was a stanch republican and manifested in public affairs the interest of a business man who wisely recognizes that he is a part of the community, to which he owes an obligation, while at the same time he receives the benefit of all that constitutes the public life. His word was as good as a bond and he was widely known for his unfaltering probity, as well as his notable success." His wife died in 1906, and he was succeeded in business by his only child, Charles W. Somers. He was also survived by a brother, J. 0. Somers, a retired coal dealer of Columbus, and a sister, Mrs. Myra Snydam of Cleveland. CHARLES W. SOMERS. To a vastly discriminating section of the American public that is dominated by one interest and passion throughout an important season of every year, the name Charles W. Somers is best known as one of the founders in 1901 of the American League of Baseball, and as president of the Cleveland Baseball Company. Nearly all of the owners and directors of major league-baseball in America are substantial business men and to this rule Charles W. Somers is no exception. He represents the third generation of a family that has been prominent in coal mining industry since pioneer times, and in the coal circles of America today is rightly classed as a major league operator. Mr. Somers is president of The Roby Coal Company, of The J. H. Somers Coal Company, The Roby-Somers Coal Company, The Massillon Elm Run Coal Company, The Somers Mining Company, The Somers Company, and throughout the thirty years of his active career not even his strong and insistent interest in the national pastime has run athwart his concentrated energies in this primary family business. Concerning his father something is said on other pages. Charles W. Somers, only child of J. H. and Philomena (McCrum) Somers, was born at Newark, Ohio, October 13, 1868, but spent much of his early boyhood at Columbus, where he attended public school, and at the age of fifteen in 1883, came with his parents to Cleveland, where his education was completed. From school he entered with characteristic enthusiasm into the business interests of his father and had soon gained the confidence of the senior Somers and made for himself a ranking position among the coal operators of the day. For a number of years before his father's death he assumed many of the heavy responsibilities, and has been a member of the firm since 1896 and practically every year since then has seen some addition to his business responsibilities. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Western Reserve Club, and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. His interest in baseball is not a mature enthusiasm, but has been one of steadily growing volume since early boyhood. DAVID OTIS SUMMERS has his chief claim to recognition among Cleveland business men as the founder and for thirty years proprietor of The D. 0. Summers Cleaning & Laundry Company. This is a business which began on borrowed capital and in restricted quarters. Its growth and prosperity were directly based upon the quality of service rendered. Mr. Summers thoroughly appreciated what was before him in building up a satisfactory business in the face of keen competition, and there has never been a time .when he did not emphasize his qualities of thoroughness and promptness and the magnificent establishment of the company today, occupying a large plant at 6202-6220 Carnegie Avenue, Southeast, is a monument to the word service. The plant is now one of the largest cleaning and laundry establishments in Cleveland or in the State of Ohio. It was started thirty years ago as a cleaning shop and for years it has specialized in the higher class work of this nature, the facilities having been developed for cleaning of carpets and rugs, draperies and laces, in addition to the ordinary branches and services rendered by such an establishment. Mr. Summers was born in Orange Township,