300 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of Paraguay and Western Brazil, in South America, but resigned his position in 1914, and on January 25, 1915, formed a partnership with his father, under the style of C. F. & G. E. Morgan, with offices in the Engineers Building. Mr. Morgan is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association and the Ohio State Bar Association. He is independent in politics and is interested in needed civic reform. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and to the foreign trade committee of that body, is president of the Foreign Trade Club of Cleveland, and manager of the Standard Trading Company. He is greatly interested in philological research as relates to modern languages and dialects, and is acquainted with Italian, Spanish, German, French, Hungarian and Russian languages. This knowledge makes possible his coming into close contact with foreigners here and abroad. His religious connection is with St. John's Beckwith Memorial Church, where he is superintendent of the Sunday school. Mr. Morgan was married at Vermillion, Ohio, August 30, 1915, to Ruth Adelaide Schulte, daughter of Edward S. Schulte, of Cleveland. WILLIAM M. HARTY'S position in Cleveland industrial circles will be readily appreciated when it is said that he is general manager of The Cooper Spring Company, an industry that was established here forty years ago and has had a remarkably solid and substantial growth and development and with an extraordinary increase in facilities and volume of product since Mr. Harty, who is a veteran spring manufacturer, took charge of the plant. Mr. Harty was born at New Haven, Connecticut, September 8, 1869, a son of William M. and Jane (Markham) Harty. Until he was twelve years of age his education was supervised in a private school at Johnstown, Pennsylvania, and after that he was in the public schools of Portsmouth, Ohio, until sixteen. Leaving school he prepared himself for a useful life by a six months' service as apprentice mechanic with the Detroit Steel & Spring Company. He served in the same capacity one year in Chicago with the Chicago Spring Company, and after that traveled from city to city working as a spring maker in various spring manufacturing plants for a period of ten years. Again returning to Detroit he had charge of the vehicle spring department of the Detroit Steel & Spring Company, and was subsequently transferred to the railroad spring department of the same industry. In 1901 that business was consolidated with the Railway Steel Springs Company, with which Mr. Harty continued as superintendent until July, 1902. The corporation then sent him to another plant at Oswego; New York, where he was superintendent until January, 1903. Returning to Detroit Mr. Harty was one of the men who organized The Detroit Steel Products Company, and was its superintendent a year. From there going to St. Louis he was superintendent of the Railway Steel Spring Company's plant for three years and then came to Cleveland and joined forces with The Cooper Spring Company as general manager. The history of this old and substantial institution began in 1878, when it was established by George Cooper. At that time the business was one of jobbing in carriage hardware and the manufacture of carriage springs. For forty years the location of the plant has been at the corner of Main and Center streets. In the past ten years since Mr. Harty took charge as superintendent the business has grown five-fold, and the company now employs between 120 and 175 hands and occupies all of the 55,000 square feet of floor space in the factory. Almost all the facilities are now used for the manufacture of automobile springs. The president of the company is I. C. Cooper, Benjamin Neals is vice president, I. W. Osborne is secretary and treasurer, and Mr. Harty general manager. Mr. Harty is also secretary and treasurer of The F. J. Nice Burner Company. He is a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club, is a republican, and a Presbyterian. On Juno 23, 1889, at Jackson, Michigan, he married Miss Carrie H. Hodges. Their only son, Charles H., is superintendent of The Cooper Spring Company. STEPHEN HENDERSON PITEIN is vice president of the Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company of Cleveland, one of the largest engineering corporations in the world. He came into this larger corporation through his former associations with one of the oldest iron manufacturing concerns of Akron, the Globe Foundry, which was established at Akron when it was a small and unpretentious village seventy years ago. One of the original members of the firm was Charles Webster. Webster retained a place in the business for many years, and in 1869 the firm became the Webster, Camp & Lane Machine Company. This firm made a specialty of heavy machinery for CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 301 hydraulic and mining and factory purposes. About fifteen years ago the company built exte-sive shops in South Akron, and at the same time the company's interests were transferred to the Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company of Cleveland, and the Akron works have since been operated as the Webster, Camp & Lane division of the larger corporation. Some thirty or thirty-five years ago S. H. Pitkin went to work for the Webster, Camp & Lane Machine Company of Akron as an apprentice in the machine department. He was advanced to the position of mechanical draftsman and finally became secretary and general manager of the company. He held those offices from 1887 until 1903, when, the company having been consolidated with the WellmanSeaver-Morgan Company, Mr. Pitkin was made vice president of the larger corporation. Mr. Pitkin was born at Troy, Illinois, October 26, 1860. Though he is himself a native of Illinois his family has a prominent place in the history of the old Western Reserve of Ohio. His grandfather, Caleb Pitkin, was born at New Hartford, Connecticut, February 27, 1781, and he graduated from Yale College in 1806, was installed as pastor of the Second. Congregational Church of Milford, Connecticut, March 6, 1808, and continued its pastorate until his resignation in October, 1816. The following year he came to the western frontier, locating in the new Connecticut of Ohio, and in April of 1817 was installed as pastor of the First Congregational Church of Charlestown, Ohio. Cleveland is especially interested in his history because he was one of the founders and early supporters of Western Reserve College, while that institution was located at Hudson. He made the address at the laying of the cornerstone of the first college building at Hudson. For Many years afterwards he carried the heavy responsibilities of looking after the finances of the college and traveled and preached all over the Western Reserve, seeking collections and donations toward the support of the institution. In 1828 he took up his home at Hudson an& continued his arduous labors in behalf of Western Reserve College almost to the time of his death, which occurred February 5, 1864. On June 15, 1807, be married Anna Henderson, of New Hartford, Connecticut. They were the parents of three sons and two daughters. Caleb Johnson Pitkin, father of S. H. Pitkin, was born at Old Milford, Connecticut, December 4, 1812, and was a small child when his family came to the Ohio Western Reserve. In 1836 he graduated from Western Reserve College and in 1839 completed his theological course in the same institution. His life was distinguished by many years of ministerial service. He was pastor of the Presbyterian Church at Bloomfield in Trumbull County, Ohio, from 1843 to 1850 and was pastor of Presbyterian and Congregational churches at Sandusky from 1850 to 1853. In 1856 he moved his scene of labors to Winchester, Scott County, Illinois, and was successively pastor of Presbyterian churches at Winchester, Troy, Marine, and Vandalia, Illinois, also at Cerro Gordo in Piatt County of that state until 1873. He died at Vandalia in May, 1887. At Granville, Ohio, May 27, 1840, Rev. Caleb J. Pit-kin married Elizabeth Bancroft, a daughter of Gerard P. and Jane Bancroft, of the prominent New England family of that name. Caleb J. Pitkin and wife became the parents of nine sons and two daughters. One of the sons, Albert J. Pitkin, was one of the organizers of the American Locomotive Company and was president of the corporation at the time of his death. S. H. Pitkin was reared in several communities where his father was a minister, but finished his education in the high school of Akron. From high school he at once went to work for the Webster, Camp & Lane Machine Company. Mr. Pitkin is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. He belongs to the Engineers' Club of New York, is a member of the Portage Country Club of Akron, Cleveland Athletic Club and is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and Shriner. May 1, 1895, he married Bessie Hamilton Alexander, of Akron. They have four children : Marion M. is the wife of Rev. Charles N. St. John, of Cuyahoga Falls ; Elizabeth A., who spent two years at Erie College at Painesville, Ohio ; Grace A., a student in the Akron High School ; Francis, aged eighteen, now a student in the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland. OTTO A. HASSE. Some men come very rapidly to maturity of responsibilities and abilities, but it is doubtful if any Cleveland man has made better use of the opportunities of the passing years than Otto A. Hasse. While it would be difficult to emulate him, his career is in fact an inspiration to all ambitious young men. 302 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS He was born at Cleveland August 2, 1886, son of Charles and Helen Hasse. One of three children, Otto A. Hasse was educated in the public schools, graduating from the Cleveland High School in 1905, at the age of nineteen. What he has accomplished in a business way has been done in a period of thirteen years, which is not a long time even in a human life. His first position was as cost clerk with the Sherwin-Williams Company, paint manufacturers. After about six months some special proficiency discovered in him caused his advancement to the advertising and editorial department. Six months later the company sent him to the same department in the offices at Newark, New Jersey, where he remained two years. The next step was to the sales department where he continued two years, and was then transferred back to Cleveland as assistant to the manager of the insecticide department. He was there two years, then became manager of various departments. In another year he had position of manager of the entire sale of varnishes conferred upon his already rapidly accumulating duties, and six months later he took still further responsibilities as manager of trade sales. In February, 1917, the Sherwin-Williams Company made Mr. Hasse manager of the entire sales department of paints and varnishes. This position needless to say is synonymous with an almost nation-wide prominence in the paint industry of America. In December, 1917, however, he resigned to accept the more attractive offer as vice president and director of the Glidden Company, paints and varnish manufacturers of Cleveland. Mr. Hasse is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Union Club, Mayfield Country Club, Dover Bay Country Club, and is affiliated with Tyrian Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, Webb Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Holyrood Commandery Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. As to politics he is independent in the choice of his candidates for office and is a member of the Unitarian faith. At Cleveland June 17, 1912, Mr. Hasse married Viola Peairs. They have two children, Arthur Peairs, born in 1915, and Phyllis Eileen, born in 1917. JOHN HARRIS. While a manufacturer, founder and head of The Harris Calorific Company, John Harris is pre-eminently an inventor, originator, and an expert authority on all phases of the science which employs the use of high temperature gas apparatus for weldings and cutting of metals. The use of acetylene and other gases for the production of high temperatures in different classes of mechanical and manufacturing practice is hardly more than twenty years old, and from the very first Mr. Harris has been a student and experimenter with these materials. There could be found none to question his pre-eminence as an authority on high temperature gas combustion and utilization. The Harris Calorific Company, which was established in 1905 and incorporated in 1906, publishes a catalogue containing a large and varied line of welding apparatus, and the various torches, burners, generators and other apparatus, and of practically everything illustrated in that catalogue Mr. Harris is the designer and inventor. His is another illustration of the power and resources of the individual mind sufficient to raise a boy from humble condition and environment to a place of real and substantial success in American industry. He was born at Frackville, Pennsylvania, January 17, 1872, son of William J. and Emma (Bauch-man) Harris. His education was limited, being finished when he was only eight years old. But his was the type of mind, eager, ardent, thirsting for discovery and utilization of the resources about it, which could not be hampered by lack of formal education. For seven years his life was a dull round of hard work as a boy laborer picking slate on the breakers of the Philadelphia & Reading Coal & Iron Company. He was paid only $3 a week for his labor. At the age of sixteen he had what he regarded as a distinct promotion when he was made brakeman with the Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company. Later he was employed as a fireman with the same road. Mr. Harris came to Cleveland in 1895. Here for two years he was engaged in building machinery for the Loew Filter Company. He resigned that position to start The Harris Manufacturing Company, of which he was director and manager. This company manufactured some of the first and crude types of generators for acetylene house lighting plants. Mr. Harris left that business in 1901 to go to Buffalo to design and construct the apparatus for the Pan-American Acetylene Company at the Pan-American Exposition. He remained at the exposition for seven months. Returning to Cleveland, he established the J. Harris Company, manufacturing acetylene stoves and instantaneous water heaters and high pressure acetylene bunsens. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 303 Selling out his interest in that business, Mr. Harris in. May, 1905, established The Harris Calorific Company for the manufacture of high temperature laboratory appliances using pritharily acetylene gas. In 1906 he organized the business anew under the name of The Braze-Weld Company and The Metals Weld-. ing Company, and designed all the equipment manufaCtured by these firms, including the high pressure generators for welding and the Oxy-acetylene welding and cutting torches. He was consulting engineer and director of the latter company until 1914. In that year he again established The Harris Calorific Company, and in 1916, when it was incorporated he became vice president and general manager. The president is John Hall, the secretary and treasurer Wilber Harris. This business was begun on a capital of $25,000, but in March, 1917, the capital was increased. to $150,000. Today the industry is 100 times as large in point of manufacturing facilities and general importance as it was when it started. Mr. Harris had only six men to assist him in the laboratory and shop at the beginning, and today there are twenty-eight employes. Beginning with 1,100 square feet of floor space in October, 1917, the company moved into a specially fitted new building at 2828 Washington Avenue, where they have 13,000 square feet of floor space available. Mr. Harris is also president of The Radiant Heater Company and is consulting engineer of The Carbo-Hydrogen Company of America and president and manager of The American Aeroplane Company. Since Mr. Harris came to Cleveland about twenty-three years ago he has perfected and taken out 110 patents on his ideas, and the majority of them cover appliances and apparatus actually in use and in daily performance in connection with the employment of high temperature gases in welding of metals. Politically Mr. Harris is a democrat. In 1902 at Cleveland he married Miss Caroline A. King. They have one son, William Earl, now in charge of the chaplet department of The Fanner Manufacturing Company. HENRY CHISHOLM OSBORN is one of the successful young business men of America. Forty years old, he has for the past fifteen years been the directing executive head and president of The American Multigraph Company. That position alone would. be sufficient to inspire interest in his personal career and vol. II-20 achievements on the part of probably a majority of the world's workers in commercial affairs. There are many ties and associations to identify him with Cleveland. He is a native of the city, born May 10, 1878. The family has been prominent in Cleveland for over half a century. Before coming to Cleveland the Osborns were residents for several generations of New York State.. Grandfather William Osborn was born February 6, 1799, in Albany, New York, and for many years was a merchant tailor of that city. He had an active personal friendship with many of the prominent public men of New York, and was especially intimate with ir hurlow Weed of the Albany Journal. He was one of the New York abolitionists. William Osborn died in 1887. He married Ann Amelia Hotchkiss, a native of New York, and she was the mother of five children. Alanson T. Osborn, father of Henry C., was born in Albany County, New York, April 11, 1845, and for many years was prominent in manufacturing and business affairs at Cleveland. He acquired a public school education in New York State and his business experience prior to coming to Cleveland was as chief clerk in the Horseheads postoffice in New York. In September, 1862, at the age of seventeen, he arrived at Cleveland and his first employer was R. P. Myers, a stove, tinplate and tinners' supply manufacturer. Eventually he acquired an interest in the business, conducted as Myers, Osborn & Company. In 1868 he transferred his active business connection to the Sherwin-Williams Company and for fourteen years was one of the contributing factors to the success of that great paint industry. In 1882 he employed his wide and valuable experience to engage in the retail paint and supply business, and conducted a successful enterprise at Cleveland until he retired in 1906. Almost from the time he came to Cleveland Alanson T. Osborn took a prominent part in church and civic affairs. He became one of the leading members of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, was president of the Board of Trustees of the Baptist Home of Northern Ohio, was president and vice president of the Cleveland Baptist Mission Society, and was trustee, treasurer and served on most of the important committees of the Young Men's Christian Association. He was early identified with the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and in politics has steadily adhered to the cause of the republican party, having come 304 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS into that party largely as a result of his boyhood service as a Union soldier. He served a brief time with the One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. On October 7, 1868, Alanson T. Osborn married Catherine A. Chisholm, daughter of Henry and Jean (Allan) Chisholm of Scotch ancestry. Henry Chisholm was one of the founders and later president of The Cleveland Rolling Mills. Mrs. Alanson T. Osborn shared with her husband an active interest in many causes, served as member of the Board of the Protestant Orphans Home, as president of the Board of Lady Managers of the Baptist Home of Northern Ohio, and in the Ladies Society of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church. The fine old Osborn home was at 2317 Euclid Avenue, where the family lived until 1912, when they moved to East Seventy-Fifth Street. They also have a country home at Hazeldean on Gardner Road in Nottingham. Alanson T. Osborn and wife have two sons and a daughter. Wiliam A., the oldest, is a graduate of Cleveland Public and High schools and Yale University, completing his post-graduate work in the latter institution in 1894. He was for a time chief chemist for The American Steel & Wire Company at Cleveland and has devoted much of his time to amateur photography and chemical research and was one of the first amateurs to use color photography. The daughter, Jean, is the wife of R. G. A. Phillips, vice president of The American Multigraph Company. Henry Chisholm Osborn undoubtedly acquired some prominent talents from his forefathers, though inheritance would not be sufficient to account for his achievements. He was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, in the University School and the Case School of Applied Science. With a thorough training as a mechanical engineer he became connected with the Amstutz-Osborn Company, which he organized for the purpose of developing inventions. The firm name was later changed to The Osborn-Morgan Company. Thus was provided the business organization in which the multigraph invention found a favoring environment. It was in 1901, while Mr. Osborn was president of The Osborn-Morgan Company that Mr. H. C. Gammeter, inventor of the multigraph, and concerning whom an interesting sketch is published on other pages, brought to Mr. Osborn's attention what was then called the Gammeter multigraph. It was described as nothing more than an inventor's dream. Mr. Osborn fortunately for the inventor and for the business world, realized its value and the possibilities of the future. He placed at the disposal of the inventor every means in his power for the adequate development of the machine. In 1902 The American Multigraph Company was organized with Mr. Osborn as president. This new company took over the property of The Osborn-Morgan Company, which then consisted of a one-story frame factory, with 4,000 square feet of floor space located at East Fortieth Street and Kelly Avenue in Cleveland, and a general equipment of machinery. The first multigraph was placed on the market in March, 1905. As a machine, the multi-graph, one of the greatest additions ever made to commercial office and labor saving machinery, is too well known to require elaborate description. Its popularity was almost immediate, and the business grew so rapidly from the start that in July, 1906, a four-story brick building with 36,000 square feet of floor space was erected on the site of the old factory. In March, 1909, two additional stories were added, in July, 1913, an entirely new building was constructed, and in February, 1918, a 50,000 square foot addition was added. In March, 1909, the Universal Folding Machine Company of Chicago was absorbed, giving the Multigraph Company a line of machinery for the folding of stationery and thus increasing the company's list of office appliances. At the present time The American Multigraph Company has branch offices in London, Berlin and Paris and forty-one branch offices in the United States and Canada. These are all under the business supervision of The American Multigraph Sales Company, a subsidiary organization of The American Multigraph Company. The officers of the latter company are: Henry C. Osborn, president and general manager; R. G. A. Phillips, vice president and secretary; W. C. Dunlap, treasurer; L. W. Jared, general sales manager; A. E. Ashburner, foreign sales manager. As illustrating the versatility of American industry, The American Multigraph Company's plant has recently been adapted for an important service to the foreign governments and now to the American Government. Besides manufacturing multigraphs the company has turned out large quantities of munitions for England, and the plant has been running day and night on materials for the United States, since it entered the war, for both the Army and Navy. Fourteen hundred people work in the plant on East Fortieth Street. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 305 In 1916-17 this plant produced a million time and percussion fuses for the British government, as well as 6,000,000 artillery cartridge case primers. Mr. Osborn was the founder and is the president of The Cleveland Brass and Copper Mill, Incorporated, a $3,000,000 corporation, which has erected and put in operation a large plant in Cleveland for the production of brass, and copper sheets and rods. He is a member of The National Marine League and the American Defense Society, and has active affiliations with the Union Club, Country Club, Tavern-Club, Roadside Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, and the Chamber of Commerce. He is a member of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church. Mr. Osborn is a man of many interests not only in ,a business way but in the pursuits and pastimes of home and society. He was one of the first of Cleveland's motorists, delights in golf, fishing and other out- door sports. On April 25, 1905, he married Miss Marion DeWolf Tracy, a native of Escanaba, Michigan, and daughter of Dr. James Horace and Marion (DeWolf) Tracy. They have two children : Henry C. Jr., attending the Hawken School for Boys; and Tracy K. JOHN S. GRAM. It is by no means an ordinary honor when a man achieves distinction in a community so large and populous as that of Cleveland. But it is still more and a decided tribute to the qualities of his mind and character, when his name becomes accepted throughout the country ift not throughout other counties as a synonym of achievement in a large and important industry. That was the distinction enjoyed by the late John S. Oram of Cleveland, who founded and built up in this city an industry for the manufacture of barrel making machinery which in the course of years became known through its products in cooperage circles throughout the civilized world. His home was in Cleveland the larger part of his active life, but both birth and death occurred in England. He was born at Somersetshire November 24, 1847, and died while on a visit to his sister at Ilfracombe, England, June 14, 1913. He had numerous relatives including brothers and sisters in England, and Ireland, and it had been his custom for several years to visit annually members of the family in Great Britain. His last trip abroad was begun in April, 1913, and death inter- rupted his plans to return to Cleveland in August of the same year. He was the oldest of ten children. When he was three years of age in 1850 his father removed with the family to Ireland, and most of John S. Oram's early associations are with a farm. At the age of fourteen he was apprenticed to learn the machinist's trade in the Swindon Railway Shops. In 1866 at the age of nineteen he came to the United States, following his trade for a time, but about 1872 he began to specialize in cooperage machinery. His success in that •usiness was largely due to the working and perfection of ideas and inventions of his own, and for years before his death and until today the big factory at Cleveland is producing the perfected Oram inventions which are used in practically every country where cooperage is an important industry. He was one of the best known members of the National Coopers Association and of the Tight Barrel Stave Manufacturers Association, and was one of the leading men of affairs at Cleveland. He was a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the National Metal Trades Association, the Manufacturers Association, was a directors in the Lake Shore Banking and Trust Company and did much in the way of personal influence and through the use of his means to promote the Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association. For nearly forty years he was a faithful, ardent and generous Christain and one of the most useful and best beloved memebrs of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland. The National Coopers Journal of Philadelphia, in referring to his death, spoke of his name as inseparably bound up and woven in the life and history of the Journal, and for years he had been a personal friend and business adviser to the late editor and president of the Journal. Editorially the Coopers Journal referred to Mr. Oram in the following words: "Personally Mr. Oram was possessed of a. large, attractive, individual magnetism, was a congenial companion and a steadfast friend, one whom adversity could not crush nor prosperity spoil. That the business world in general and cooperage industry in particular sustained a distinct and heavy loss in his passing we know." The Journal also quoted a tribute from a prominent man in the cooperage industry, Robert Welch of St. Louis, who said : "I have had business dealings with John S. Oram for forty years, and have been personally acquainted with him for that length of time. He was a broad-minded Christian gentleman in the best sense of the word. He 306 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS was absolutely trustworthy with all his dealings with his fellow men, and had a world of sympathy for them when adverse circumstances gave them distress. He has made an indelible mark on the cooperage industry through the introduction of the Oram machinery, which lessened the cost of manufacture while it increased production. Throughout all the long Years of our connections, both business and social, his character proved such that I feel his loss as that of a brother. He was a sterling upright man and I mourn his death sincerely." In 1867 John S. Oram married Miss Jane Clark, who was his helpmate during the years of struggle, and a true wife and loving mother in time of prosperity until her death in January, 1890. Five children were born to them, two sons and three daughters ; Arthur J. and Oscar T., Ida, is wife of William H. Keim ; Lillian, is Mrs. William Harmon, and Miss E. Jean Oram. The remains of John S. Oram were brought home and were laid to rest at his old home in Cleveland. OSCAR T. ORAM is a son of the late John S. Oram, and at the death of his father in 1913 became secretary of the John S. Oram Company, where the inventions and improvements of his father in cooperage machinery are still manufactured and distributed to the world. Oscar T. Oram was born at Cleveland January 29, 1878, and grew up in a home of high ideals and with every incentive to a life of effectiveness and purpose. He attended the grammar and high schools of Cleveland, until the age of sixteen, and then went to work as a machinist's apprentice in his father's shops. He gained experience both in the technical and business side of the industry, and in 1907 was made superintendent of the factory, responsibilities which he carried until he took up his present duties Mr. Oram is independent in politics. In August, 1902, he married at Cleveland Maude Losey. They have two children, John Samuel and Kathryn Belle. CLAYTON H. WARNER. Business achievements and associations have formed rapidly for Clayton H. Warner, who came to Cleveland less than ten years ago, and for several years was a law student. While studying law he operated on a small scale in real estate and soon abandoned his idea of a profession in order to work out his ideas and finds the best scope for his unusual talents in the field of real estate and general finance. it is repeating only the current testimony of real estate circles to say that he is one of the successful young operators in the city. Mr. Warner was born at New Haven, Connecticut, November 15, 1889, a son of Frank B. and Myra (Rochford) Warner. Through his mother he is descended in the fifth and sixth generations from Grand Marshal Rochforte of France, as the name was spelled. Frank B. Warner has been a resident of Geneva, Ohio, since 1902, and is one of the directors of The Chamberlain Clothing Company, a large and wealthy concern of that city. He is also a deacon in the Disciples Church at Geneva. Clayton Warner's mother died in New Haven, Connecticut, when he was eighteen months of age and for his second wife the father married Miss Lillian Brainard, of Geneva, Ohio. The only child of his parents, Clayton H. Warner was educated in the public schools of New Haven, Connecticut, and from the age of thirteen attended the public and high schools of Geneva, Ohio. He graduated with the class of. 1908, and during his high school course showed a general all around ability in other matters than his studies. He was secretary and general business manager of his graduating class, had much to do with getting out the creditable class Annual of 1908, and was also a leader in the theatrical enterprise of the high school during that year. After leaving high school Mr. Warner came to Cleveland and entered the Western Reserve University Law school, where he spent eight months. The next two years he spent studying law with Attorney Glen E. Griswold, keeping up his studies for his own personal benefit, knowing that a knowledge of the law would be of inestimable advantage to him in his business career. At the same time he kept an office in Collinwood, where he spent the mornings and evenings as a real estate operator and there developed an extensive collection business almost before he had formally launched into a business career. Since November 1, 1909, he has been dealing in real estate, mortgages and insurance, and has always been an individual operator, never connected with anyone else nor working for anyone else. He specializes in first and second mortgages. real estate, general insurance and bonds, and has demonstrated splendid ability in the general financial field and in handling many important business investments. Mr. Warner is a member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, and is secretary and treas- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 307 urer of The Warner-Davis Building Company, general building contractors and cement construction work. He is also secretary and treasurer of The Woodruff-Warner Engineering Company, a director of The Park Heights Realty Company, president of The Commercial Motors Company, and was one of the organizers and is director and general manager of The Economy Investment Company, dealers in second mortgages. Mr. Warner is rated as being the largest individual dealer in second mortgages in Cleveland today. In 1918 Mr. Warner and associates organized a $1,000,000 company to be known as the Ohio Mortgage Company, which corporation will deal exclusively in Cleveland second mortgages. He has directed his influence to the building up of Cleveland Heights, where he has erected over $50,000 worth of various types of buildings. In politics he is a republican and was formerly quite active and for four years was a judge of the election board of the Twenty-sixth Ward in Collinwood. In late years business matters have proved too exigent for him to do much in party polities. Mr. Warner is a member of the Tippecanoe Club. He is a member of the Disciples Church at Geneva, Ohio, end is unmarried, living at 9608 Parmelee Avenue. WILLIAM J. PINKETT is one of the younger business men of Cleveland, and from a humble start has found his way to influence and power and is one of the responsible officials with the Van Sweringen extensive interests in and around Cleveland. Mr. Pinkett was born December 7, 1884, at Cleveland; a son of William and Jessie (Walker) Pinkett and had the advantages of the local public schools only to the age of thirteen. His father was in the retail meat business in the firm of Gibbons & Pinkett, and it was in that shop that William J. Pinkett went to work as a clerk and finally gained a partnership. He left the meat business in 1905 to become identified with O. P. and M. J. Van Sweringen, real estate operators. Since then he has had increasing duties and responsibilities with the. tremendous operations of this firm, the remarkable story of which is told on other pages of this publication. Mr. Pinkett was first assistant bookkeeper for the Van Sweringens, has promoted himself through different grades until he now has charge of much of the financial affairs and the office management. He is also secretary and treasurer of The Van Sweringen Company, secretary and treasurer of The Cleveland Interurban Railway Company, assistant treasurer of The Terminal Building Company, and is an officer in a number of other business organizations. Mr. Pinkett is a member of the Colonial Club, is a Methodist and a republican. On August 27, 1905, at Cleveland he married Miss Ella Schuman. They have one child, William, a student in the public schools. FRANK A. PECK is a business man of first magnitude in Cleveland, executive head of The Cleveland Railway Supply Company and whose career has been a record of steady promotion from minor to major responsibilities. Mr. Peck was born in Syracuse, New York, June 21, 1875, a son of Frank A. and Elizabeth R. Peck. He attended the grammar and high schools of his native city, at the age of seventeen went abroad to Germany and for two •years was a student in Freiburg University. With this liberal training and experience Mr. Peck came to Cleveland and entered the service of the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company. He worked in different positions and in course of time was promoted to manager of the Canadian office at Montreal, Canada, from 1910 to 1913. Mr. Peck resigned his work with the Brown Company . to become vice president of The Cleveland Railway Supply Company. In May, 1916, the business was reorganized and since then Mr. Peck has been president, treasurer and general manager. The other officers are R. G. A. Phillips, vice. president L. B. Bacon, secretary, and A. R. Warner and Charles F. Lang directors. This is one of the larger enterprises of its kind in the United States. The company are both manufacturers and jobbers of railroad switch stands, guardrails, tie-plates, and rail-braces. They handle standard products and their clients compose some of the largest railway systems in America,. At the present time they are also handling a considerable export business. In a social way Mr. Peek is a member of the Roadside Country Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Chamber of Commerce, Montreal Engineers Club of Montreal, and in politics is a .republican. He and his family are members of the Episcopal Church. At Syracuse, New York, December 14, 1902, he married Miss Lita E. Waggoner. 308 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Their two daughters, Elizabeth D. and Marion E., are both students in the Hathaway-Brown School of Cleveland. WILLIAM GENT. It is no exaggeration to claim that literally millions of people have derived entertainment, value and benefit from the products manufactured and controlled by William Gent, of The William Gent Vending Machine Company. It is the only industry of its kind in Cleveland. Until recently this was The United Vending Machine Company, of which Mr. Gent was manager. The company has been very successful in the development of some very unusual types of automatic vending machines, technically known as "coin-controlled machines." The company manufactures, of course, the standard types of weighing machines which are found practically everywhere, and they have also manufactured and have put on the market such unusual machines as the Auto-Electric scales, etc. Mr. William Gent was born at Rockford, Illinois, February 3, 1871, a son of William and Mary S. (Taylor) Gent. In 1903 he became associated with the Mark Wagner & Company, a firm at Buffalo operating coin controled machines. Mr. Gent managed the business for the company in various cities until 1906, in which year he came to Cleveland and became manager of The United Vending Machine Company. In August, 1917, this business was reorganized and the name changed to The William Gent Vending Machine Company, of which Mr. Gent is secretary and treasurer and his brother, Arthur Gent, is manager. They have a large factory at 800-840 East Ninety-third Street and it is an industry as succesful as it is unusual and distinctive among the business institutions of Cleveland. Mr. Gent is a member of The Cleveland Advertising Club and is a republican in polities. On June 14, 1904, at Bloomington, Illinois, he married Lillian Dark. They have three children, William, Jr., Helen and Virginia, the two older being students in the Cleveland public schools. HON. WILLIAM G. ROSE. Certain periods in Cleveland's history as a municipality have central personalities, reflecting and dominating the spirit and enterprise of the time. Forty years ago that personality was the late William G. Rose, then mayor of Cleveland, who exemplified through his office a singular power of leadership and qualities of statesmanship that are more than ever interesting and instructive after the passage of so many years. It is at the risk of some repetition that Mr. Rose's administration is briefly reviewed here, as an important chapter of his own long and useful life. Mr. Rose came to Cleveland when thirty-eight years old. He was born in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, September 23, 1829, and came of a family that produced many strong and rugged men. He was the youngest of eleven children, all of whom reached mature years and became heads of families. His parents were James and Martha (McKinley) Rose, his father of English and his mother of Scotch-Irish. descent. The record of the Rose family goes back into early Colonial history of Pennsylvania. Rose and Ross are the same name. Betsy Ross was of Doylestown, Pa. The founder of the name was Andrew Rose, a native of England, who located at Doylestown in Bucks County, Pennsylvania. It is said that he made cannon for the Colonial army in Revolutionary days. James Rose, his son, and father of William G. Rose, was born at Doylestown and served his country in the War of 1812. His four brothers were also in the army in that war and ten of his grandsons were Union soldiers. The wife of James Rose, Martha McKinley, was the daughter of David McKinley, great-grandfather of President McKinley, and a soldier of the Revolution. William G. Rose grew up among the rugged hills of Western Pennsylvania. He had a farm experience, dividing his time between the common schools and the duties of the fields. He finished his literary education in the Austinburg Grand River Institute in Ohio and the Beaver Academy. He acquired a fair knowledge of Latin, Greek and Higher Mathematics, and for a time taught Latin and Mathematics in Beaver Academy. In 1853 he took up the study of law with Hon. William Stewart at Mercer and was admitted to the bar April 7, 1855. For ten years he enjoyed success and prominence in his native county. He came to manhood when new issues were making the realignment of parties in America, and while the allegiance of the Rose family for years had been strongly democratic, he was one of the thoughtful young men of the time who went into the republican party at the time of its organization. For a time he was editor and proprietor of the Independent Democrat in Mercer CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 309 County, and in 1857 was elected a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature, serving from 1858 to 1860. In 1860 he was chosen a delegate to the National Republican Convention at Chicago, which named Abraham Lincoln, but did not attend. He was twice nominated on the republican ticket in his congressional district for member of Congress. Mr. Rose served with a three months regiment of Pennsylvania in the Civil war, and was in the army when Morgan was captured. Mr. Rose came to Cleveland in 1865. His business activities in the oil field and in real estate brought him much success and rapid accumulations, and in 1874 he practically retired from business. It is literally true that the honors and responsibilities of public office which came to Mr. Rose in Cleveland were unsolicited and unsought. His material affairs had been so ordered that he was practically independent when forty-five years of age and his position and character were such as to make him an ideal public servant. He steadily resisted influences brought to bear to make him a candidate until 1877 when he accepted the republican nomination for mayor and was elected by a generous majority. It was a critical time in the affairs of the city and of the nation economically. The most disastrous panic in history still exercised its blighting influence over industry. The keynote of his administration was necessarily one of retrenchment and extreme economy. It is a splendid tribute to his tact, his financial judgment and his courage that he put into effect his program of economy without materially lessening the efficiency of vital municipal departments. His services were especially valuable in abruptly checking the extravagant customs of the past which had annually added to the burden of bonded debt carried by the citizens. But some other points of his administration are of even greater interest at present time because of the foresight and breadth of mind that seemed to put him far in advance of the thought of his day in municipal and governmental matters. In his address to the council in April, 1879; at the conclusion of his term of office he foreshadowed the modern juvenile court and probation system for delinquent youth when he said : "All those confined in the house of refuge are children under sixteen years of age. Our duty does not end when we have seen them fed and clothed and protected from the storm, but demands that we do what we can to help them lead good and useful lives. * * * Nothing but evil can result from bringing these innocent boys and girls into such close proximity to criminals. We should send them from our care with no taint upon them, and no check to their ambitions. Give them a suburban home removed from the contaminating influence of criminals and from the din and smoke of the city." One of the outstanding features of the industrial history of the nation in 1877 was the great railway strike which paralyzed the transportation system. Cleveland was a vital center of transportation interests, being the headquarters of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway. Modern public officials upon whom devolved the responsibility of keeping law and order and maintaining equal justice between conflicting elements in our society may gain sound and valuable lessons in wisdom from the course followed by Mayor Rose in that crisis. A writer in the magazine of Western History, more than thirty years ago, reviews the subject as follows: "As soon as there were evidences of trouble here Mayor Rose coolly and quietly applied himself to an investigation and discovered the need for preparation to preserve peace here, if there should be an outbreak in any direction. He also discovered the fact that hasty or ill-considered action on part of the authorities would cause the appearance of that danger of which all had fear, and that a show of force might be the chief means of making that force necessary. It was not the strikers who were feared, but that large body of law breakers who, as at Pittsburg, were only too ready to burn, pillage and kill at the first sign of riot, or a conflict of any sort. All the dangers of the situation forced themselves on Mayor Rose's mind, and he felt the full meaning of many of the responsibilities he had assumed. Not a moment was lost. A consultation was held with some of the leading citizens, and with no show of power and no outward parade, the city was placed within a few hours in such a position that it could successfully cope with any disturbance that might arise. The police, the artillery, the militia, and a strong force of organized veterans of the late war were massed and held in such shape that an overmastering force could have been thrown into the streets at the first stroke of an alarm. Newspapers and authorities were discreet and the great majority of the people never knew until long afterward of the forces. that slept on their arms night after night in the armories and police station. All the force 310 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS was there in shape for needed use and yet there was no show of that force, and no boast made of what would be or could be done. Mayor Rose was on duty night and day, and no man could have shown more nerve, courage and determination, aided by a large fund of tact and good sense, than he did all through this dangerous trouble. Those who stood near him speak in the highest praise of his course, and certainly a glance at the admirable results that followed his policy, is its best defense and eulogy. He held one grand advantage that might not have been open to all men in his position. The strikers, and working men generally, knew that he was their true friend and had their interests at heart; and that while he would enforce the law with power and vigor if need be, he would never allow it to be used as an instrument for their oppression. He was in constant communication with the strikers, and knew all their plans and purposes; while its leaders sought his advice and were held to their law abiding purposes largely by his influence. It was indeed fortunate for the city that Cleveland possessed a chief executive who held the confidence of all classes, and who had the will and courage to see that the right thing and the safe thing was done, no matter whose purpose might be aided and retarded thereby. It was during the same year that the great strike of the coopers occurred in Cleveland, and the mayor's responsibility and course as described in the above were here duplicated on a smaller scale. Not a life was lost, nor a dollar's worth of property destroyed." There came also during his administration many opportunities that proved his value and dignity as the official spokesman of his city. He delivered a number of addresses of welcome at gatherings of various organizations more or less national in character. That he was a force forty years ago for the sturdy Americanism which the present situation of a world war requires is indicated by a sentence taken from his address of welcome to the Catholic German Central Association of the United States: "I have not the honor to be a member of your association, neither am I fully acquainted with its objects and purposes, but there is one association to which, I am proud to say, we all belong, and to which we all owe our highest allegiance, and that is the organization known as the government of the United States. We are all American citizens; and as such I am here in behalf of the citizens of Cleveland to tender you fraternal greet ings." A thought that is now expressed as a hope if not a determination on the part of the peoples of the world was expressed by him when he greeted the Knights Templar assembled at Cleveland in conclave: "May the influence of the mystic tie which binds you together so obliterate sectional prejudices, so educate man into the belief and practice of universal brotherhood, that the time will come when all nationalities, now divided by imaginary lines, will be cemented into one harmonious government." Forty years ago Mayor Rose indicated his sympathy for the fundamental rights of women as co-equal partners with men in the vital affairs of social organization. Twice he was called to preside over Cleveland meetings of Irishmen, once to celebrate the hundredth anniversary of the birth of Robert Emmet and the second time to welcome the Irish patriot Michael Davitt. A few of his striking sentences at the Emmet anniversary deserve quotation : "The history of the world demonstrates beyond the power of refutation the fact that every footfall in the march of civilization and in the interest of equal rights, has been indelibly stained with human blood. Despotism never yields without a struggle. It disputes every inch of ground, and retreats only at the point of the bayonet. These opposing forces, freedom and despotism, have stood face to face in deadly conflict for six thousand years. This life and death struggle will continue until every form of oppression over the minds and bodies of men shall be banished from the earth. It may take ages to accomplish this result; but the final triumph of self government will surely come; it may cost millions of lives and billions of treasure; but come it will as surely as the God of truth is omnipotent over the powers of darkness." Following his retirement from the mayor's office in 1879 Mr. Rose by no means lost his interest in municipal affairs, and in fact his experience gave him a heightened appreciation of the usefulness of a thorough-going study of municipal government. Thus more than twelve years later, in 1891, he was again put in the mayor's chair and he brought to his new administration the fruits of his mature study and of his close observation of the municipal politics and methods gained by extensive travel through the cities of Europe. One of the outstanding results of his second term was in securing a material reduction in the cost of gas to consumers. He also settled a street CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 311 railroad strike, reduced the debt and provided for increasing sinking funds in the city, and at the same time carried forward a generous program of street paving and other practical improvements. The efforts on the part of his friends and admirers to get him into the wider field of state politics was successful only once. In the republican state convention of 1883 as a result of a spontaneous movement among the delegates he was unanimously nominated as candidate for lieutenant-governor. His own friends among the Cleveland delegation knew Mr. Rose's wishes with respect to any nomination in the gift of the convention. He had steadfastly and emphatically refused to allow his name to be considered. But in response to the earnest wishes of the convention he allowed his name to stand as a candidate. In a year when the republican organization went before the people heavily handicapped and with hardly a prospect S of success, the name of Mr. Rose on the ticket meant more probably than any other. He led the ticket all over the state, even in the City of Cincinnati, the home of Mr. Foraker, candidate for governor. It was with full knowledge of his many substantial qualities as a business man and citizen that the people of Cleveland continued to honor him both during is lifetime and since. He was easily one of the outstanding figures in the life of Cleveland during the. last period of the nineteenth century. William G. Rose passed away September 15, 1899, a few days before his seventieth birthday. He married in 1858 Miss Martha E. Parmelee, daughter of Theodore Hudson and Harriet (Holcomb) Parmelee of Summit County, Ohio. They had fpur children, Evelyn, Hudson, Frederick and William Rent. MRS. WILLIAM G. ROSE was born March 5, 1834, in Norton, Summit County, Ohio, youngest of the children of Theodore Hudson Parmelee and Harriet Holcomb Parmelee, formerly of Litchfield County, Connecticut. When Martha Emily was three years old the family removed to Tallmadge, ten miles distant,. for greater educational privileges, there being an academy taught by Rev. E. T. Sturdevant, a graduate of Yale, and two graded public schools. In 1843, when eight years old, Mrs. Rose's father died and in 1847 her mother went to. Oberlin with four of the younger children. Here Mrs. Rose heard President Charles G. Finney, who came for the college year, and his thrilling sermons made her very thoughtful. She thought she could not fulfill the vows required of church members, and if she resisted, the Holy Spirit would be taken from her. When eighteen years of age she was told fifty would join the church at the next communion and among so many they would not criticise her, so she went to the meeting where they were to be examined. President Finney said to them : "Do, you think Christ was sent by God to live and shed his blood for you to save you from eternal death? All who believe this raise the hand." Every hand went up. Then he said : "Go home and live the life you know you ought to live." She asked an officer of the church what she ought to do. He' said, "Ask God, I do not know, nor anybody else." She offered to watch with the sick. There were no hospitals or 'nurses in small towns, and she was called for often, once in particular, when a family was made sick by eating rotten fish. That night Martha Parmelee watched, no one being with her except the mother. The father and one' of the daughters died that night and she felt the spirits hovering around, waiting to take them to another world, she was chilled through when she stood in the door for fresh air and at daylight was so glad to see the doctor. She then went home to tell her mother how awful was the house where every room had a sick person and two had died that night. The mother said, "You are too young," and told Miss Winters, who lived with Professor Morgan, but she said there are so few watchers, let her go where the sick are not so dangerously ill. There was no provision for a lunch and Martha had to take one with her or go without. About this time Mrs. Dascomb, the principal of the Ladies' Department, sent a letter to Eliza Parmelee, who was home on a vacation, that there was a vacancy in a ladies' seminary in Mercer, Pennsylvania, asking her if she would accept the place of principal. Eliza Parmelee went and took Martha with her. This seminary was started by a legacy of $1,000 left by Robert Hanna for a girls' school. He had recently come from Cadiz, Ohio. The school was held in the basement of the Free Presbyterian Church and had been in operation for a year. Wednesday afternoon was given to composition and at 4 o'clock a prayer meeting. Only a few stayed for the prayer meeting, but of those 312 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS there were three who went to Hampton, West Virginia, to teach the colored people. They wrote home that all the pupils seemed glad to learn to read and sew but not one would attend the prayer meeting. Finally the old crippled janitor told the teachers "black folks have no use for the white man's God for he let them separate families and sell father and mother to different persons. We worship the black man's God." When the Civil war came the three girls returned to Mercer. Sarah Pugh to take charge of a soldiers' home, Callic Porest to teach in public schools of Cleveland, and Susan Clarke to remain at home, for she had an accident that made her an invalid for life. The school at Mercer continued for several years until it was merged into a graded public school. In 1855 Martha Parmelee graduated from Oberlin and returned to teach in Mercer. She then met and married Attorney Wm. G. Rose in 1858, an editor of a weekly paper, and the following year a member of the Pennsylvania Legislature. Oil was discovered in Western Pennsylvania and Mr. Rose founded a company and put down several wells in Tidioute. One was a "gusher" and he was sent by the company to Philadelphia to sell it on the stock board. Here he made about $30,000 and had enough to go to a larger town. They selected Cleveland, and in 1865 he located at 65 Cedar Street. He opened an office for real estate, for in looking at different cities he found Cleveland sold land at $1,000 per acre, a third less than St. Louis or Chicago. In 1878 Mr. Rose was elected mayor and again in 1901. Meanwhile he had been in Columbus to tell the members of the Legislature "a Mayor was helpless in making city improvements unless he could choose his own 'Board of Improvements.' " The ordinance was passed, and he was the first mayor to put in practice "The Federal Plan" as it was called. He began paving streets and as those adjacent to the main only brought mud on to them by the delivery wagons, he had a city law passed that the residents could choose brick or stone and the city would pay half the cost of paving. He also finished the viaduct, the bridge over the gully that separated East Side from West Side. The contractor, Elisha Ensign, from Buffalo, brought laborers from his own city. He was slow in building the arches required, sending stone to other bridges he had contracted for. Mayor Rose put the contract before him, it saying, "for every day after the time for the delivery of the bridge he would forfeit fifteen dollars." No attention was paid to it, so Mayor Rose put Cleveland men on to finish it with structural iron which has lasted as well as the arches of stone. The city was sued by Ensign for $1,500 but he lost the case. Mrs. Rose interested herself in work for women and joined the Women's Employment Society that gave sewing to those who applied for work at the Bethel. She joined the Health Protective Association that provided playgrounds in three places and also a lot to be cultivated as a garden, prizes being offered for the best vegetables. These were exhibited at the High School on Euclid Avenue near Ninth Street. H. Q. Sargent, the superintendent, said he would be glad to teach agriculture. Unfortunately he was not re-elected. The Health Protective Association spoke to Mayor McKisson about waste-paper boxes. Five hundred were contracted for he said to be paid by the advertisements written on them. The first lot read : "You Need a Biscuit." The next contractor paid $800, the city not asking what he would put on the boxes. The advertisement being "Wilson Whiskey, That's All." The Health Protective Association wished to have a law against expectoration in street cars and signs regarding the law were posted in street cars announcing a $5.00 fine. This led to clean cars and no protests. The anniversary meeting of the Health Protective Association was held at the Pan-American Fair in Buffalo in 1900 and Mrs. Rose was there elected national president. In November, 1895, Mr. and Mrs. Rose visited France, Italy and Egypt. From Cairo, Egypt, they went to Cheops, and as a German woman was with a party inside the Pyramid Mrs. Rose went in it unattended except by three sheiks. The queen's chamber was at the foot of an inclined plane of marble of 167 feet. The sides of the queen's chamber were of blocks of dark polished marble so closely joined as to be scarcely discernible—on them with red chalk was written the names of Wilkinson and Rawlinson. The king's chamber was at the top of this inclined plane with no names on the walls and no place for a casket. The queen's casket had been taken to the British Museum, and now a law is enforced that all curios from Egypt should be placed in the Boolak Museum, which was visited soon CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 313 afterward. A line of sphynx were at the entrance. In the first room were the mummies of Rameses and his predecessors. The former had Jewish features and a pronounced Roman nose. It did seem marvelous to Mr. and Mrs. Rose that they were looking at the very man who had threatened the Israelites with perpetual slavery, and that they had to ride over Goshen where the bricks were made by them for the pyramids. They went to the Mesa Hotel where English ladies and gentlemen were going from parlor to dining room dressed in most extravagant style. The porch and parlor were decorated with carved wood. Because of great sand storms the furniture was kept covered except on such an occasion as this. In Italy they visited Rome where they saw in the Vatican the painting by Michael Angelo of the Judgment Day, and the rooms decorated by Raphael, and rows of statues of eminent men ; also the interior of St. Peter's where stood the catafalque of St. Peter and the statues of many well known men. In St. Paul's Church near which St. Peter was executed they saw a painting of St. Paul's conversion as ho neared Damascus, and in the adjacent hall a statue of St. Peter and one of St. Paul on either side a stairway where could be seen that of St. Mark. What was the thorn in the flesh of St. Paul ? Maybe one leg was shorter than the other? It looked so, and St. Peter had nose and chin close together as we have seen old ladies who did not wear any teeth. They visited Naples, looked into the crater of Vesuvius, and walked `through its deep sand—pulled along by a boy who gave them a rope to hold on to. Here were Germans also who were looking into places that had steam coming out. So Mrs. Rose tried it and the effect was as when you breathe the smoke from a match. Mr. and Mrs. Rose then saw the Coliseum of Rome, rode out on the Appian Way until they came to the burial place of the bones of Christians torn to pieces by the bulls in the Coliseum. The return voyage from Naples was in the worst storm on the Atlantic for many years, the Elba being wrecked off the coast of France at that time. Their own boat was covered with ice as it entered New York Harbor on January 27th. They intended visiting the Holy Land but the rainy season had commenced. They thought they could go again, but in four years Mr. Rose had passed to the beyond, leaving a wife and four children : Mrs. Charles R. Miller, an alumnus of Cornell ; Hudson Parmlee, also of Cornell ; William Kent, of classical course of Harvard College, and Fred H. Rose, a graduate of Institute of Technology of Boston, Massachusetts. Hudson, the eldest son, went to New York in 1895 and for twelve years dealt in real estate in the Bronx until it became what it is now, one of the best divisions of New York City. He then went to Hastings-on-Hudson Heights, near Tarrytown, and with his brother, William K. Rose, now they have more than 700 houses built there. It is a station of the New York Central that gives out more commutation tickets than any other on its lines. Fred H. Rose is with the American Box Company of Cleveland. He settled the estate of A. S. Upson of the Nut and Bolt Company that gave to each of the children more than $1,000,000. Maj. Charles R. Miller, who married Evelyn Rose, was in the Spanish war and was appointed colonel. He was the first president of Ohio Spanish War Veterans. In 1900 Mrs. Rose went again to Europe with the Literary Digest Company of eighty-five. Her grandson, Will Rose Miller, fifteen years of age, accompanied her. They took in Ireland, England, Scotland, Germany and France. In Ireland they went to the top of Blarney Castle, and at the entrance bought large red strawberries on vine leaves from the peasants. They saw a school house on second story with nice white curtains at the windows. They rode through Ireland to Dublin and saw the thatched roofs of the peasants and the sleek cattle in the fields. In Scotland they spent a day in Edinburgh, saw the Highlanders march with their bare legs and tunics, also St. Margaret's Chapel and at the foot of the hill was the Church of Knox, his name in gold on the plank where he lies buried. They saw in Holyrood the home of the unhappy Mary Queen of Scots, went out to Stirling Castle and bought strawberries at a store. They went to Germany, visited Potsdam and the art galleries and saw Emperor William II on horseback on the streets of Berlin. In 1901 Cleveland Sorosis was formed. She sent to New York for its Constitution and sixty-five joined at the first meeting. They invited Mrs. M. C. Croly and she came to inform them of its management. She said, "Business Women have everything but social life, therefore we began by having a banquet every month at Delmonico's, and would invite any noted woman to address us. We had 314 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS eight divisions, such as House and Home, Physical Culture, Drama, Music, Art and Literature. Each division met separately and only appeared on the Sorosis program once a year. That made about ten officers to each division and eighty altogether. Most of these would come and bring their friends and then we had an audience of 125." Sorosis means many in one, and it is therefore a club made out of many clubs. Cleveland Sorosis invited Mrs. Potter Palmer and she sent Mrs. Charles Henrotin, acting president of Columbia Auxiliary, World's Fair. To meet the expenses of repairing the rooms on the fifth floor of the City Hall they had six banquets, four given at the Hollenden Hotel and two at Sorosis rooms. Mayor Rose told them all rooms in City Hall had to be rented and he gave them all for one dollar a year and fifty cents a session to the janitor for running the elevator one more story than was required. At these banquets they invited Dean A. A. J. Johnson of Oberlin Literary Department, Miss Mary Evans of Erie College, and Miss Kiefer, one of its teachers. In 1892 the General Federation of Women's Clubs met in Chicago. Ten of Sorosis members went to it. The meetings were in Central Music Hall. Charlotte Emerson Brown of East Orange, New Jersey, was president. She said, "Shall we admit reporters?" It was seconded by Mrs. S. M. Perkins, who said, "Business men are glad for all advertisements, we should also favor such an opportunity." They voted to admit reporters. The next meeting, Mrs. Perkins received a bouquet from the reporters, and the papers spoke of it and our Sorosis got a boom. The next meeting of General Federation of Women's Clubs in 1894 was in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and we could have a private car if twenty-five would go ; Sorosis had thirty-one. They went via Washington, D. C., and Mt. Vernon. A conductor of the B. & O. led them to a restaurant when they arrived in Washington, also took them to the Mt. Vernon cars. This place is kept up as it was when Washington resided there. In the garden were old fashioned beds of flowers surrounded by a border of box. In the parlor were several portraits of Washington, the one by Gilbert Stewart being the one generally known. In the chambers were beds covered with white cotton cloth tufted with candle wick. On the front porch the Potomac was visible and at the side were the graves and monuments of Washington and his wife. They returned by boat, on the Potomac called the "John Marshall," had an excellent dinner, and had time to go to White House, where General Grant then resided, and to call for a few minutes at Senate and House of Representatives. At 5 o'clock they took the special car for Philadelphia. They had telegraphed to the Metropole, "Save rooms for thirty guests during convention of General Federation Women's Clubs." On arrival the clerk said, "More than 300 women have arrived, we expected seventy-five, but we will send you to the Rittenhouse. The carriages are at the door." They found the Rittenhouse a neat hotel with sunny connecting rooms and the Cincinnati delegation already there. It was only two blocks from the 12th Ave. Women's Club House, the headquarters of the convention. Only three cities had a special car. Boston, 178 delegates; Chicago, 75; and Cleveland, 29. Some had stopped off with friends in Washington, D. C. The Ohio delegates appointed five to draw up a constitution for Ohio. They were Mrs. M. A. Harter and Mrs. Huggins of Mansfield, Mrs. Buckwalter of Dayton, Mrs. Roberts of New London, and Mrs. Rose of Cleveland. They met in Mansfield in a room in the library which is set apart, by the state, for women's clubs. Mrs. Buckwalter, chairman, said, "Ladies, what do you propose?" Mrs. Rose said, "Why not study Ohio by counties as is done in the Ohio Geological Survey, know its flora and its strata." Mrs. Buckwalter said, my club of Dayton would not join, they are for literature only. But this is literature; however, it was not considered. Why not meet when the Columbus Legislature meets and have our subjects published so as to affect legislation? Also have every meeting opened with scripture and prayer, ask God to direct us in our work. The latter was accepted unanimously. The first Ohio Federation was in Dayton. Mrs. Buckwalter in the chair. She came to Mrs. Rose and said, "Will you offer prayer, the woman we expected is not here." Mrs. Rose at once went to the front of the platform and God gave her the words and also the voice to be heard as he has promised in scripture. Since then Cleveland Sorosis has had a chaplain to offer prayer at its meetings and it- is the largest and most efficient club in the state. In this way God sets his approval on any act of ours. The next meeting was in Cleveland and the next in Toledo, where Mrs. Jones, wife of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 315 mayor had a choir of sixty female voices to sing at beginning and close of sessions. The General Federation has met in St. Louis where Mrs. Dennison of New York was made president, also at Los Angeles, California, where David Starr Jordan gave them greeting. The subject of whether colored woman's clubs should be admitted was discussed and although Miss Jane Addams of the Hull House spoke in its favor, it was lost by a small majority. Reciprocity in the shape of an exchange of papers was endorsed. Clubs of Indian women were admitted by a small majority. In 1876, Cleveland held its Western Reserve Centennial. Twelve Counties constituted the Western Reserve. It is one hundred and twenty miles north and south and sixty miles east and west. A banquet was to be given in Grey's Armory July 5, 1876. President McKinley accepted the invitation at a late hour. The caterer refused to add more tables, but Miss Zerbe and others provided their own and those not able to be seated at the forty tables had seats in the gallery for one-third the price. There they could hear all the addresses and could give their approval by cheers. Mrs. M. B. Ingham, leader of the late temperance crusade, was made president, and Mrs. Rose chairman of the committee on tables. In the welcome Mrs. Rose gave she said, "The twelve counties represented here today with a delegate from each one and another from the city who is a native of that county, we claim they are the suburbs of Cleveland and in The future will visit us and partake of our festivities. Suburban cars will be put on for their accommodation and for our mutual benefit." This in a few years came true—we have now suburban cars in every direction out of Cleveland and if they haul freight "less than a carload" as is proposed, will meet all expenses. Governor Bushnell gave an interesting address, also Berea professors and Oberlin alumni and Mrs. Taylor of Warren and others. As a souvenir of the Centennial the committee on tables had a book similar to New York Sorosis .with portraits of men, women and parks. Four hundred and ten photos it contained and sold for 50 cents each, paper cover, and one dollar if stiff covers. Six hundred dollars were taken in at the banquet sufficient to pay all of the expenses of the Woman's Auxiliary of the Cleveland Centennial. In a few years Mrs. Rose published by the firm that got out the album "Travels in Europe and Northern Africa," also "Character Building or the Life of the College-bred Woman," and later she published two volumes of "The Western Reserve—Some of Its People, Places and Woman's Clubs." In these she gave the life of Lucy Stone Blackwell in her efforts for an education. The "Life of Liberty," which is the story of Salley Holly, daughter of Myron Holley who built the Welland Canal and involved himself in a debt of $30,000, which he paid by giving up his large estate and home near Rochester and supporting his family by produce he raised near Lyons, New York. He was called "the gentleman gardener." It has also the life of B. F. Wade, partner of Joshua Giddings of Jefferson. He was in the State Legislature when some Kentuckians asked them to return fugitive slaves.. "Do you do this?" he added. They said, "No." "Why should you ask Ohioans to do what you do not do ?" And with this they returned home, and his replies lead to his being sent to Congress where for eighteen years he was ready to oppose the South in their secession and to aid Abraham Lincoln in his efforts to give the colored man a vote. He married Miss Rosekrantz, who would read to him at night the doings of the day and give her comments on them, which was a great help to him in his wage against slavery. CHARLES E. POPE, whose offices are in the Guardian Building, has practiced his profession as mechanical engineer for a quarter of a century, most of the time in connection with some of the larger industrial concerns of Cleveland. and now as a general consulting engineer. Mr. Pope is also one of the prominent Masons of the city. He was born at Cleveland May 13, 1867. son of Edward Cobb Pope. He graduated from the Central High School in 1887, spent two years in the Case School of Applied Science, and then entered Cornell University, leaving there in 1891. Since then his service as a mechanical engineer has been continuous at Cleveland. He was employed in that capacity for six years by The Eberhart Manufacturing Company, and after that in a similar capacity was The National Malleable Castings Company until 1914. In that year Mr. Pope resigned to open offices of his own as a general consulting engineer. He is regarded as one of the leading experts in the Middle West on many phases of industrial organization and 316 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS operation and the general technique of mechanical efficiency. Mr. Pope was at one time Captain of the Ohio Engineers of the National Guard. In Masonry he is affiliated with Iris Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, Webb Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Oriental Commandery Knights Templar, of which he is present eminent commander; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine of which he is potentate. He is also past sovereign of the Red Cross of Constantine. Mr. Pope is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the American Society of •I'vlechanieal Engineers, the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Electrical League, is a Delta Kappa Epsilon and a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. Politically he is a republican. On June 16, 1903, he married at Sharon, Pennsylvania, Mary Carver. They have one child, Conrad Carver, a student in the University School of Cleveland. HERMAN J. NORD is a successful Cleveland lawyer, and is also vice consul of Sweden for this state. Mr. Nord is now member of the well-known law firm of Newcomb, Newcomb, Nord & Chapman, whose offices are in the Illuminating Building. His partners in practice are R. B. Newcomb, A. G. Newcomb, and E. C. Chapman. Mr. Nord grew up on an Ohio farm. He was born at Ashtabula, Ohio; March 31, 1877, a son of Otto and Mary (Erickson) Nord. Both parents were born in Sweden, where they grew up and received a common school education. Otto Nord came along to the United States in 1872 and was one of the first Swedish settlers of Ashtabula, Ohio. Miss Erickson came to this country in 1873, and they first met in Ashtabula, where they married. They were among the pioneer leaders of the Swedish people in Ashtabula County. Otto Nord lived in Ashtabula about ten years. He then removed to a farm twelve miles from Ashtabula and five miles from Jefferson, and is still engaged in agricultural operations. He came to Northeastern Ohio long after the pioneer era had passed, but he did his part as a pioneer in acquiring a tract of undeveloped land and cleared it. Herman J. Nord completed his early education at the Jefferson Educational Institute, now the Jefferson High School. He graduated there in 1896. When only sixteen years of age he taught a country school in Ashtabula County for one year. After leaving high school he also taught two years in the same county. Most of his higher education he acquired as a result of his own working and earnings. In Adelbert College of Western Reserve University he graduated in 1902 with the degree Bachelor of Science. He continued his law studies in the law department of the same institutions, receiving the degree Bachelor of Law in 1904 and admission to the bar of Ohio in June of the same year. Mr. Nord began practice at Cleveland and for nearly ten years handled his growing practice alone. He then became member of the firm Reed, Eichelberger & Nord, and for three years they had their offices in the Rockefeller Building. November 1, 1916, Mr. Nord became a member of his present firm above noted. On August 30, 1916, he was appointed vice consul of Sweden for Ohio. Mr. Nord is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar Association and a member of the Scandinavian Fraternity of America. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Adelbert Chapter of the Phi Gamma Delta, and his Masonic affiliations are with Woodward Lodge No. 508 Free and Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter No. 171 Royal Arch Masons, and Oak Lodge No. 77 of the Knights of Pythias. His marriage to Miss Elizabeth Bertha Cristy was celebrated at Providence, Rhode Island, on Thanksgiving Day, November 26, 1908. Mrs. Nord is a daughter of Rev. A. B. and Wilhelmina (Lindsey) Cristy. Both her parents are of New England ancestry for many generations. Mr. and Mrs. Cristy were born in Connecticut and are of Puritan stock. Rev. A. B. Cristy is a Congregational minister. Mrs. Nord was born in Massachusetts and in 1903 received her Bachelor of Science degree from the Woman's College of Western . Reserve University. Mr. and Mrs. Nord met while they were students in the university. She is also a graduate of the Central High School of Cleveland with the class of 1899. Mr. and Mrs. Nord's two children, both born in Cleveland, are named Otto Cristy Nord and Sarah Elizabeth Nord. JUDGE WILLIAM E. AMBLER. As a lawyer Judge Ambler's work was done chiefly in the State of Michigan, where he was a successful practitioner and where he became prominent in public affairs, serving as state senator and as judge of probate. Since 1891 his home CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 317 has been in Cleveland, and here he has figured as one of the leading real estate men. Judge Ambler is a man of exceptional attainments and his ability has been tested in the law, business, in public affairs and he has many interesting and useful associations with prominent men and with pleasant avocations. Judge Ambler is now president of the Curtiss-Ambler Realty Company, with offices in The Arcade. He was born In Medina, Ohio, December 18, 1845, a son of Chester C. and Margaret (Eglin) Ambler. His family is of New England origin. His father was born in Vermont, and was for many years engaged in merchandising in Spencer, Medina County, Ohio. In 1859 the family moved to Hillsdale, Michigan, but Chester Ambler and his wife spent their last years in Cleveland, where he died July 5, 1905, at the age of ninety, and his wife in 1906. William E. Ambler was fourteen years old when he moved to Michigan. Besides the public schools he attended Hillsdale .College, graduated Bachelor of Science from Albion College in 1865, and pursued his law studies in the Albany Law School at New York, where he was a classmate of the late President William McKinley. He completed the course in 1867 and spent the following year in study of the classics at Adrian College, Michigan, from which he received the degree Bachelor of Arts in the spring of 1868. Judge Ambler did his first practice of the law in Minneapolis, Minnesota, but after a year returned to Michigan and located at Pentwater. That was his home for over twenty years, and throughout that time he was devoting his energies to a rapidly growing law practice and to his duties in public life. His work and attainments gained him a high estimation in the public, recognized by Adrian College, which conferred upon him the degree Master of Arts in 1870, and by Hillsdale College, Which gave him a similar degree in 1875. Judge Ambler was elected a trustee of Hillsdale College in 1888, and has served continuously in that office to the present time and for the past eleven years has been chairman of its board of trustees. Educational progress and the humanities have always claimed a large share. of Judge Ambler's interests and work. He was elected a member of the State Senate in 1878 and again in 1880. During his first term he was a member of the judiciary committee, and in the second term served as president pro tem of the Senate and chair- man of the committee on appropriations and finance. He demonstrated unusual capacity for handling many of the larger questions which were considered by the Michigan Senate during his two terms. His service as Judge of Probate was in Oceana County, Michigan. Since coming to Cleveland in 1891 Judge Ambler has been in the real estate business, and in that field and as a judge of values he has few peers. Besides the Curtiss-Ambler Realty Company, of which he is president, he is president of the Ambler Realty Company and vice president of the Cuyahoga Building and Loan Company. He is also president of the Hampton-Ambler Realty Company. Judge Ambler is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Colonial Club. He has served as a director of the Colonial Club. One of his special interests and pursuits for many years has been the collecting of autographs and autographic letters and manuscript. Those who are in a position to judge say that he has one of the largest collections of the kind in the country, his library being filled with autograph books. Judge Ambler has always been a strong republican in politics. In 1909 he erected a modern residence at 1696 Magnolia Drive, near Wade Park, and there he and his family have since made their home. Judge Ambler married at Lyons, Michigan, December 25, Christmas Day, 1871, Miss Flora E. Lewis, daughter of Charles E. and Ann (Tufts) Lewis. To their marriage were born two sons and two daughters. Jay C., the oldest, is a graduate of Hillsdale College and is now located at Manchester, Tennessee. Angell, the older daughter, was educated in the Woman's College of Western Reserve University, subsequently completed a course in the Teachers' College of New York City, and is now the wife of Dr. S. M. Weaver, a Cleveland dentist. The son, William, graduated from the Case School of Applied Science of Cleveland, also took the literary course in Hillsdale College and the electrical course in Cornell University, was for two years an instructor in the electrical department of Cornell, two years assistant professor in electricity in the Case School of Applied Science, and then left educational work to enter business for himself as a real estate man. Marguerite Faye is a graduate of Miss Mittelberger's School of Cleveland and the National Park Seminary of Washington, D. C., and is now the wife of H. Horton Hampton, one of the leading real estate men of Cleveland. 318 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS O. C. SAUM, a resident of Cleveland since October, 1895, having removed hither from Washington, D. C., where he was connected With the real estate business for three years, is a veteran in that line of work, having had twenty-five years of experience. Since 1900 he has been in business for himself at Cleveland as a specialist in real estate service, acting as buyer, appraiser, counsellor and adviser primarily in the interests of real estate buyers during the past six years. There is practically nothing touching any phase of realty property in Cleveland on which Mr. Saum is not prepared and equipped to give expert service, from executing of deeds or leases and adjusting taxes, to transactions of the largest magnitude involving sale or purchase of blocks or parcels of property. Behind Mr. Saum's success there was an idea, an ideal also, a carefully considered plan and a desire to make his success the direct result of a. specialized service which his own experience and intelligent study enabled him to render. Therefore it is with utmost propriety that he calls his business "real estate service." Mr. Saum has new and specially equipped offices in the Williamson Building, which has been his office home for seventeen years in Cleveland, and it was in that building that he first offered his pioneer services in his specialized field of real estate work. Mr. Saum has handled much business for out-of-town investors and has worked with singularly high aims for the promotion of the best interests of the business in the city. He is an enthusiast in real estate organization, has served as vice president and secretary of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, has served two terms as a member of its valuation committee, and is a member of the National Association of Real Estate Boards. He is also secretary of the Cushman Land & Investment Company. Mr. Saum was born in Saumsville of the Shenandoah Valley, Virginia, March 8, 1872, a son of James W. and Sarah E. (Maphis) Saum. His education was acquired in the public and high schools of Shenandoah County and also in a business college at Lynchburg, Virginia. In December, 1899, at Springfield, Ohio, he married Vesta Josephine Rupert. They have two daughters. Mr. Saum has done some public speaking along his lines of work in various cities and is a man of expert qualifications covering practically the entire field of real estate. He is a member of the • Fire Insurance Exchange, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Advertising Club, and is secretary of the Hiram House Social Settlement. ARTHUR F. YOUNG. Both through his professional and through his business and civic relations Mr. Young has had a successful career since his admission to the Ohio bar in 1913. He is now assistant secretary and assistant trust officer of The Guardian Savings & Trust Company of Cleveland. Mr. Young was born at Norwalk in Huron County, Ohio, July 31, 1889, a son of Ed. L. and Carrie M. (Houfstater) Young. Both parents were born in Huron County and are still prominent residents of Norwalk. The Young and. Houfstater families have been identified with Huron County since early days, and most of the members have been practical farmers. Ed. L. Young is widely known over Ohio as grand commander for the state of the Knights of the Maccabees; Norwalk is the state headquarters for that order. The only child of his parents, Arthur F. Young was accorded liberal educational advantages and after attending the grammar and high schools at Norwalk entered the Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, where he was graduated in the classical course with the degree A. B. in June, 1911. He studied law in Western Reserve, taking his LL. B. degree in June, 1913, and being admitted to the Ohio bar the same year. Mr. Young began practice at Cleveland as an associate with though not a partner of Judge F. A. Henry. He was soon afterwards made assistant city solicitor of Cleveland under mayor, now Secretary of War, Newton D. Baker, and his time was taken up with those official duties during 1914-15. On January 1, 1916, Mr. Young entered the service of The Guardian Savings and Trust Company as assistant counsel. On January 1, 1917, he was promoted to assistant trust officer, having charge of the estates and the living trusts department. He is now also assistant secretary of the company. His name is also quite well known in democratic party politics. During the presidential campaign of 1916 he did much work on the stump. He is a clean-cut progressive citizen and is known through various associations in Cleveland. lie retains his Masonic membership at Norwalk, Ohio, has been affiliated with the Knights of the Maccabees since he was seventeen years old, and is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, the Civic League of Cleveland, the City Club and the First CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 319 Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland. Of college societies he belongs to the Phi Gamma Delta, Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity, and the Phi Beta Kappa and the honorary debating fraternity Phi Rho Sigma. On February 24, 1915, he married Miss Gladys M. Kellum, who was born and educated at Norwalk, graduating from the high school in 1912. They have one daughter, Jean Elizabeth, born at Cleveland, and a son, Arthur F. Jr., also born in Cleveland. Mrs. Young is a daughter of William M. and Margaret (Riedle) Kellum, her father is a traveling salesman at Norwalk. SAMPSON H. MILLER, with offices in the Society for Savings Building, is one of the good substantial lawyers of Cleveland of the younger generation, and a man of high principles and good connections who has performed excellent work in whatever field his energies have been engaged. Mr. Miller has spent most of his life in Cleveland. but was born in New York City, October 3, 1887, son of Joseph II. and Esther F. (Engelman) Miller. Both parents were born and married in Germany and for their honeymoon trip they came to America. They landed in New York in 1885 and that city was their home for several years. The father was engaged in the picture frame and portrait business in New York and also for a brief time in Baltimore, and for several years he traveled and sold frames and portraits in Ohio. It was a chance visit to Cleveland that caused him to select this city as his permanent home and he brought his family here in 1889. At Cleveland he engaged in the wholesale liquor business with the firm of J. and S. J. Firth, wholesale liquors, and was one of their salesmen for seventeen years. Later he engaged in the same line of business for himself for seven years at 917 Woodland Avenue. Selling out that establishment he became city salesman for the Adler Company, wholesale liquor merchants, but on July 1, 1917, retired from business. At one time he was a director of The Double Eagle Bottling Company of Cleveland. The family consisted of nine children, five sons and four daughters, all living, Sampson H. being the oldest. All the others were born in Cleveland, as follows: Rose M.. at home; Ous.sie S.. wife of Edward H. Goldfein, an architect with offices in the Garfield Building; David E. at home; Albert E. with the East Ohio Gas Company ; Edna, Edward T.. Beatrice and Orville W., who are all members of the family circle. The children were all edu- Vol. II-21 cated at Cleveland and all graduated from the high school except David and the two youngest who are still in school. Sampson H. Miller graduated from the Central High School of Cleveland with the class of 1906. For about two years he worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and after that spent a year in Columbia University at New York City and then began his preparation for the law in Western Reserve University Law School. In 1911 Mr. Miller left school to take up social work as local secretary of the Industrial Removal Office, a New York philanthropic organization for the purpose of distributing emigration from the eastern seaboard cities to the interior. He continued in that work until shortly after the world war began, when, owing to the difficulty of getting funds from France, the organization suspended. At that. time Mr. Miller resumed the study of law with the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace College, graduating LL. B. in June. 1913. and was admitted to the bar on the 1st of July of the same year. He has been in the general practice of law since October, 1915. Mr. Miller is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, the Owatonna Lodge of Knights of Pythias, is a Zeta Beta Tau college fraternity man. and also belongs to the B'nai B'rith. the Euclid Avenue Temple and his wife is active in the Euclid Avenue Temple Sisterhood, and is a member of the Cleveland Council of Jewish Women and has done much in the organization known as the Jewish Infant Orphans Home at Cleveland. Mr. Miller and family reside at 10218 Ostend Avenue. October 17, 1916. he married Miss Jeanette Feinstein, of Cleveland, daughter of Charles and Freda Feinstein and they have one child, Sheldon H., born October 13, 1917. Both of Mrs. Miller's parents are living in Cleveland and her father conducts a cigar factory on 105th Street. Mrs. Miller was born and educated in Cleveland, graduating from the Central High School in 1907 and for several years was connected with The Standard Sewing Machine Company as statistician. MALVERN E. SCHULTZ, senior partner of Schultz & Schultz, attorneys and counsellors in the Engineers Building. Mr. Schultz was born at Elyria, Ohio, November 29, 1886, son of E. F. and Edith C. (Crisp) Schultz. and is a brother of Carlton F. Schultz. referred to on other pages. He graduated from the Elyria High School 320 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS in 1905, took his A. B. degree in Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University in 1908, and in 1910 finished the law course of the Franklin T. Backus Law School of Western Reserve University with the degree LL.B. Mr. Schultz was admitted to the Ohio bar in June, 1910, and has since been admitted to the Federal courts. For about a year he was in the law offices of Weed, Miller & Rothenberg, but then entered private practice alone and in October, 1912, joined his brother Carlton in the firm of Schultz & Schultz. Mr. Schultz is a republican in politics, is a member of Euclid Lodge No. 599 Free and Accepted Masons, Webb Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Forest City Commandery Knights Templar, the University Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Civic League, the Cleveland, Ohio State and American Bar associations, and the Delta Theta Phi law fraternity. LEO OPPRNITEIM, attorney at law with offices in the Engineers Building, is one of the younger members of the Cleveland bar, but has already acquired an influential clientele. He is member of an interesting and prominent family. of Cleveland. Mr. Oppenheim was born March 5, 1892, in Indianapolis, Indiana. At that time the Oppenheim home was next door to the residence of the late James Whitcomb Riley. His parents were Elias and Annette (Bernstein) Oppenheim. His father died at Cleveland October 14, 1916, and the mother makes her winter home at Cleveland but spends the summer at Lake Zurich, Illinois. The father and mother were both natives of Poland, and were married at Paris, France, in the summer of 1867. Ben Rothschild of the famous banking family of Rothschilds was a guest at their wedding and his name appears as a witness on their marriage certificate. For about ten years after their marriage they lived in Paris and during that time Elias Oppenheim served as a soldier in the Franco-Prussian war. On coming to America he first located in Detroit, a short time later moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan, from there to Des Moines, Iowa, and then to Indianapolis and finally to Cleveland. Elias Oppenheim was in the hardware and house furnishing business at Indianapolis for about twenty-five years. For ten years before his death he lived retired. There were twelve children in the family, nine sons and three daughters, all of whom are still living. Jacob, the oldest, has for the past twenty-five years been with the Cleveland Press. Blanche is the wife of Sam Miller, a resident of Burlington, North Carolina, where he is owner of the Goodman Hosiery Mills. Joseph, a resident of Cleveland, is proprietor of a chain of stores handling the Oppenheim shoes. Sam is in the cutlery and leather goods business under the firm name of Oppenheim Brothers, with a store on the public square of Cleveland. Max is the business partner of Sam. Diana married Robert Manus of Cleveland. Harry is owner and operator of three vaudeville theaters and two movie picture houses at Detroit, Michigan. Sol is in the jewelry business at Indianapolis. Dorothy is Mrs. J. D. Schmidt of Chicago. Ben is a member of The Lincoln Hardware Company of Cleveland. Elmer is also associated with The Lincoln Hardware Company. The youngest of the family is Leo. The two oldest children were born in France, the third in Detroit, Michigan, the fourth in Grand Rapids, the fifth in Des Moines, while all the others claim Indianapolis as their birthplace. Leo Oppenheim was educated in the public schools of Indianapolis, graduating from the high school of that city in 1908. For one year he was a student in Leland Stanford University in California, where he supported himself by work as a reporter on the San Francisco Post. He then came east to Cleveland, entering the Baldwin-Wallace College in the law department and completed his course and received his degree in June, 1914. In the same year he was admitted to the Ohio bar and has since been in active practice at Cleveland. He is secretary and attorney for the Merchants Welfare Association, composed of east end merchants, is attorney for The Oppenheim Shoe Company and otherwise enjoys a general practice as a lawyer. He is private secretary for Judge Samuel Sielbert of the Cleveland Municipal Court. Mr. Oppenheim has also identified himself with many interests of a civic and benevolent nature. He is president of the Jewish Infants Orphans Home of Cleveland and a member of its Board of Trustees. He belongs to the Civic League, the Knights of Pythias, the B'nai B'rith, the Euclid Avenue Temple and is quite active in democratic politics. Mr. Oppenheim 's hobby is swimming and all outdoor sports. His home is at 8504 Carnegie Avenue. EDWARD DAVID. Beginning his career as a boy clerk in a Cleveland law office, Edward CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 321 David familiarized himself by practical experience and by detailed work with many of the complications of the law and later by the good fortune of an appointment in a government positon at Washington had the opportunity of pursuing his law studies formally in a regular law school. Mr. David won his ambition to the bar by hard work, and for the past quarter of a century has been one of the leading attorneys of the city. He was born in Cleveland July 31, 1868, a son of Joseph and Catharine David. He had a brief schooling in the public schools of Cleveland, and at the age of fifteen was employed as a clerk in Willson & Sykora's law office in Cleveland. He was with this firm until he was twenty-one years of age. Mr. David was then appointed chief clerk of the office of Publication of the Official Records of the Rebellion in the War Department at Washington. He held that office four years, during President Benjamin Harrison's administration. While in Washington he entered the Georgetown University Law School, and received his degree LL. B. in June, 1891, and the degree LL. M. in June, 1892. At the close of his official service he became a member of the Cleveland bar. He was admitted to practice law in Ohio June 9, 1892, and has been in uninterrupted practice at Cleveland since March 15, 1893. He is now a member of the well known firm of David & Heald, with offices in the Engineers Building. He has handled a large amount of general law practice, and has been connected with some of the most important cases tried in the local and state courts. Mr. David is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, is affiliated with Forest City Lodge No. 388, Free and Accepted Masons. He was married at Massillon, Ohio, June 4, 1894, to Vlasta A. Erhard, daughter of Karl F. and Anna Erhard. They have two children, Carl Edward David, now of Company B, Seventy-ninth Division, United States Engineers, Camp Meade, Maryland, and Edytha Vlasta David. DAVID LONG, M. D. Cleveland in disclosing its memorials to the honored figures of the past might appropriately establish something permanent to symbolize the services of its first physicians. Chief among these was Dr. David Long, to whom history accords the distinction of being the first resident physician of the town. Among the doctors of the old times David Long was a man of rare human greatness—strong but tender, brusque but true, with a devotion to duty that bestead him through all storm and stress. He was a successful doctor, a high minded and valuable citizen. He possessed a spirit of tender and knowing love for his brother man. While it would be impossible to record fully the impress which his services made upon the early life of Cleveland, there is justice in attempting a brief survey of his career. David Long was born at Hebron, Washington County, New York, September 29, 1787, the year the makers of the federal constitution were assembled at their labors in Philadelphia; he located at Cleveland in 1810; for thirty years diligently pursued his professional work at Cleveland and the surrounding community ; and when still in his sixty-fourth year was called to his final reward, September 1, 1851. His father was a physician and had also given service in the Revolutionary cause. David Long took up the study of medicine in Massachusetts under his uncle, Dr. John Long. From there he removed to New York City, attended medical college, and was granted his degree. He was in his twenty-second year when, in June, 1810, he came to Cleveland, then little more than a village, and 'less than fifteen years after General Moses Cleaveland had brought his party to this Lake Erie port. When David Long began practice at Cleveland there was no other physician nearer than Painesville on the east, Hudson on the southeast, Wooster on the south and River Raisin (now Monroe) at the west. It was a wild and almost trackless region. The streams had no bridges, and the cabins of the pioneer settlers , in many places were ten miles apart. No modern day physician can comprehend all the conditions that made difficult and arduous the performance of professional duty in such a country when David Long began practice. In rain or snow, winter's cold and summer's heat, at midnight or in midday, he cheerfully responded to all the calls for his services, and forgetting self he exemplified that self-sacrificing zeal for which the old time doctor has been idealized in literature. Some of the journeys he made over this region seem nothing less than remarkable when the condition of the country is recalled. One day his assistance was asked in a case of extreme emergency. The patient was fourteen miles away. He rode that distance in fifty minutes, changing horses twice. On another time he was called out at midnight. His 322 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS horse carried him nine miles in fifty-one minutes. During the War of 1812 he was a surgeon in the American army. When General Hull surrendered Detroit it was Doctor Long who brought the news all the way from the mouth of Black River to Cleveland, a distance of twenty-eight miles. He covered that stretch of ground in two hours and fourteen minutes. Just one more instance may be recalled. During the winter of 1823 he and a Mr. Sears started from Sandusky for Cleveland in a one horse sleigh. After going a short distance the snow melted, and they then determined to risk themselves on the ice of Lake Erie. This dangerous ride of nearly fifty miles was accomplished in safety, though it required constant vigilance on the part of the drivers. The first home occupied by Doctor Long was on Water Street near the old Light House. From there he removed to a double log house which had been built by Governor Huntington and which stood back of the present•American House. In later years he occupied more modern residences which for comfort and pretention ranked with the best in the rapidly improving city. Doctor Long had a part in the business and civic life of his community. At one time he was proprietor of a dry goods and notion store on Superior Street. This store was managed by John P. Walworth. Doctor Long joined heartily and liberally with other Cleveland citizens in constructing h section of the Ohio Canal. His investment in that enterprise caused him severe financial reverses. For many years he steadily practiced his profession, but toward the close of his life gave the most of his time to business affairs. In public spirit and disinterested helpfulness to his community he was not excelled by any other Cleveland man of his generation. But he did his work retiringly and without the slightest manifestation or desire for the honors of public office. Only once did he deviate from his strict rule to avoid political honors. When the question of a location of a new county court house came up for decision he was persuaded to stand as a candidate for the office of county commissioner. His personal popularity brought him election, and as a member of the board he passed the determining vote by which Cleveland was given the court house rather than Newburg. Doctor Long especially had close to his heart and desire the welfare of the community as represented in the institutions of schools and churches and those influences that make for culture and right living. He personified generosity, kindliness and unrestricted human sympathy. Both he and his wife were noted for their thorough culture, and at the same time for the amiability which distinguished their relations with the community. In 1811, the year after he arrived at Cleveland, Doctor Long married Juliana Walworth. She was a daughter of Judge John Walworth. Doctor Long and wife had only one child to survive them, Mary H. Long. She became the wife of Solomon Lewis Severance, and special attention is given to her name on other pages. MARY H. SEVERANCE. The record of Cleveland's notable women of the past might well begin with Mary H. Severance. Wealth and social position were hers by inheritance. She dignified and elevated this heritage by the way she did in rearing two sons who became notable business men and philanthropists, also by her direct participation in church and philanthropy of wide extended usefulness. She was the only daughter and child of Dr. David Long, Cleveland's pioneer physician. Her birth occurred in the double log cabin on Superior Street, near the site of the late American House, then a fairly pretentious dwelling among the group of humble log and frame structures that adorned and made up the Village of Cleveland. She was born March 1, 1816. During her childhood her father erected a substantial stone house on the site of the old log structure, and she was reared in other homes built by her father and more in keeping with his reputation and the rising standards of living in the city. Being an only child and her father a man of wealth and influence, she was accorded the most liberal training at home and in the best schools then available for the education of young women. She attended boarding schools in Warren and Elyria. Miss Long was only seventeen years of age when, in 1833, she married Solomon Lewis Severance. Mr. Severance was at that time a young merchant in Cleveland and had before him a career of great promise. He had come to the city in 1830 from Shelburn, Massachusetts. After five years of married life Mr. Severance died, survived by his widow and son, Solon L. The son, Louis H. Severance was born after his father's death. Mrs. Severance and her children then returned to the home of her father, and for many years following his death, which occurred in 1851, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 323 she continued to live in the fine old Long homestead on Woodland Avenue, at the corner of what is now East Thirty-first Street. She finally removed to the corner of. Euclid Avenue, and East Eighty-ninth Street, and there spent her last days. Mrs. Severance died October 1, 1902, at the age of eighty-six years, seven months. A native and life-long resident of Cleveland, the daughter, wife and mother of prominent, useful citizens and intimately associated by family connections or social interests with most of the representative people for three generations, there was no woman of her time who was more widely known or beloved in the community. Possessed of an energetic nature and animated by a strong desire for usefulness, she was identified with much of the work done for the promotion of Christian and benevolent enterprises and generally for the advancement of the best civic interests. Mrs. Severance became a member of the First Presbyterian Church of Cleveland when only fourteen years of age. For many years she sang in the choir. She was enthusiastic in the spirit in which she entered into every religious activity. Much of her zeal for missionary undertaking descended to her son, the late Louis H. Severance. It was Mrs. Severance who assisted in organizing the society that equipped and sent out the pioneer missionary to the east coast of Africa. She became a charter member of the Second Presbyterian Church, and in 1872 assisted in founding the Woodland Avenue Presbyterian Church and contributed generously to its upbuilding. The home of Mrs. Severance was a center for some of the agitation and work done in Cleveland in the anti-slavery cause. When the war actually came she proved her loyalty and patriotism by an increasing efficiency in the work of the sanitary commission. In all that she did for Christian uplift and charity, the work was characterized by a singular disinterestedness and unselfishness and a steadfast direction toward one object alone, the substantial good of others. Of Cleveland's institutions that are something of a memorial to her generosity should be mentioned the Protestant Orphan Asylum, which she assisted in establishing, and also the Lakeside Hospital, of which she was a trustee until her death. SOLON L. SEVERANCE. In the death of Solon L. Severance, May 8, 1915, at the age of eighty-one, Cleveland lost not only one of its oldest native sons but a man who had been closely and intimately identified with the upbuilding of that financial power which makes Cleveland today one of the greatest money centers of America. Solon L. Severance was a banker from early manhood. He possessed little less than genius in financial matters, and his name influenc came to be respected at every gathering and meeting of bank and business directors at which he appeared. His was a clean record, made without ostentation. The influence which his character necessarily exerted cannot be measured by the ordinary standards of achievements. Outside of business he was known for his love of the fundamental things of life. He was a great traveler, and he made his travels a source of inspiration and instruction to many who must perforce stay at home. Above all his devotion to the practice of simple honesty in the affairs of men is a most enduring legacy. Member of a family that has long been prominent in Cleveland, son of Solomon Lewis and Mary H. (Long) Severance, he was horn at Cleveland, September 8, 1834. As a boy he attended district and private schools, and on leaving school he formed a connection with a local banking house and by preseverance and ability rose to eminence in financial affairs. When the Euclid Avenue National Bank was established he participated in the organization and became its first cashier. He afterward served as president of the bank until it was merged with the Park Bank. The Euclid Park Bank subsequently was succeeded by the present First National Bank of Cleveland, the largest bank in the State of Ohio. Mr. Severance was officially connected with all these institutions and remained a director of the First National Bank until his death. During those many long years whatever concerned the welfare and advancement of Cleveland was the matter that received his utmost attention and loyalty. He was also sincerely devoted to religion and philanthropy, and at an early age united with the Second Presbyterian Church and subsequently became a charter member of the Woodland Avenue Presbyterian Church, which he served many years as an elder and also as superintendent of its Sunday School. While he accepted many of the opportunities for leisurely enjoyment of world travel, he was never a mere sightseer nor one who traveled to get away from himself. He was a student of life in many phases, and travel meant to him a great opportunity for self culture and the means of making his own 324 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS work and influence more efficient. It is recalled that he was one of the voyagers on the Quaker City, the pioneer tourist craft that went from America into Eastern waters. The story of that cruise is subject of the great American classic by Mark Twain, "Innocents Abroad." Later Mr. Severance made two visits to China and Japan and encircled the globe. The results of his observations abroad he turned into illuminating addresses for entertainment and instruction at home. He introduced the stereopticon When that was a new device, and his travel talks became noted, especially in his home city. One of the fundamental purposes in giving these talks was to betray conditions and enlist co-operation in behalf of the missionary cause. On October 10, 1860, Mr. Severance married Emily C. Allen. She was born in Kinsman, Trumbull County, Ohio, and both her father and grandfather were prominent pioneer surgeons in that locality of Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Severance had three children. The daughters are Julia W. and Mary H. Julia W. graduated from Welles College and married Dr. B. L. Millikin. The son is Prof. Allen D. Severance, who graduated from Amherst College in 1889, subsequently pursued his studies at Oberlin and at Hartford Theological Seminary and in the Universities of Halle, Berlin and Paris. For nearly twenty years he has been connected with Adelbert College and the College for Women of Western Reserve University. He now holds the chair of Associate Professor of Church History. LOUIS H. SEVERANCE. The life of such a man as the late Louis H. Severance is a great gift, a splendid boon to any city or community where its influences and activities are spread. While the greater part of his years was spent in Cleveland, where he was conspicuously successful in business affairs, Mr. Severance was cosmopolitan in his interests. Like the sage of old he might have said truly "Nothing that is human fails to touch my heart and interests." He was peculiarly gifted as a financier and business executive, and for many years he made his life and fortune a great gift to the extension of civilization and Christianity to the uttermost parts of the world. He was born at Cleveland, August 1, 1838, and died in that city June 25, 1913. A very few words will suffice to indicate his family relations. He was a son of Solomon Lewis and. Mary H. (Long) Severance. His father was an enterprising young merchant of Cleve land, and died less than a month before the birth of his son Louis. The mother was the only daughter of the noted Dr. David Long, Cleveland's first physician. After attending the public schools of Cleveland until the age of eighteen Louis H. Severance entered the Commercial National Bank of that city and remained with it connectedly for eight years, save for his hundred days' service in the Union army in 1863. After the war he went to Titusville, Pennsylvania, and became connected with the oil industry. While there he formed connections and associations which later made him a power in that group of men who established and developed the colossal Standard Oil Company. He returned to Cleveland in 1874, and from 1876 to 1895 was treasurer of the Standard Oil Company and one of the chief factors in its successful management. After resigning the office of treasurer he continued as one of the large stockholders of the corporation. It would be a difficult task and perhaps superfluous to enumerate all his varied associations with business and financial undertakings. He was a stockholder and director in railway companies, banks and industrial corporations. Shortly before his death he was elected vice president of the Society for Savings, which he had previously served as trustee. Louis H. Severance was a Cleveland citizen whose reputation is based not only upon wealth and substantial influence, but upon honorable character and useful activities in every business and personal relation. The door which opened to him the widest usefulness in humanitarian enterprise was the Presbyterian Church of which he was a consistent member from boyhood. In 1875 he united with the Woodland Avenue Presbyterian Church, and was one of its active members until death. He became assistant superintendent of its Sunday School in 1882, was elected superintendent in 1897, and from 1894 until his death was a church elder. Of his home church associations Rev. Dr. Stanley White wrote in the Missionary Review of the World in the issue of December, 1913: "Mr. Severance's love and devotion for this church never wavered. He gave it his time, his thought and his support. It was a noble tribute to him that at the memorial service on Sunday, September 8, the great church was almost filled by those who had learned to consider Mr. Severance not simply their benefactor, but their brother and servant for Christ's sake." It was his individual generosity that made CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 325 possible the building of the Mayflower and Boulevard chapels of Cleveland, both of which institutions were dedicated in 1897. Another cause, the worthiness and value of which he early recognized, was the Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association, and he contributed to their work both in Cleveland and elsewhere. From 1893 until 1903 Mr. Severance was president of the Cleveland Presbyterian Union. The Presbyterian churches of the nation and the world owed much to his thought and liberality. In 1900 he was a delegate to the Ecumenical Conference, held in Edinburgh, Scotland, and in 1904 was vice moderator of the General Assembly. Few men even of great wealth ha:ye exceeded the breadth of his devotion to Christianity as the fundamental principles of life. Reference to this phase of his character is found in the Oberlin Alumni Magazine of October, 1913, where Dr. Dudley P. Allen, his son-in-law, writes : "While his philanthropies were very broad and he responded to appeals of every sort, he seems to have been dominated by one fundamental idea,—the building up of the Christian church. His chief ideas seemed to be that by the training of young men to enter the Christian ministry the church would be furnished with the motive power essential to its usefulness. With this in view he turned his attention to the subject of Christian education." And in the field of Christian education and missionary enterprise the best monuments of his career are found. He was a trustee of Wooster University, Oberlin College and the Western Reserve University. He donated special buildings to each of these, and furnished assistance in other ways. Wooster University in particular owes him a heavy debt of gratitude for his liberality after. the fire which destroyed so many of the buildings on its campus. Numerous other American colleges were at different times indebted to him for assistance. Large sums came from him for the benefit of the Presbyterian College board. While he found such abundance of opportunities through the manifold enterprises of his home church, he was only less interested and in sympathy with Christian effort of other denominations both at home and in foreign lands. His name is connected in a practical way with federation work in the United States. The International Young Men's Christian Association had his active co-operation particu larly in Manchuria, Japan and other parts of the Orient. Doubtless it was from his mother, known as an earnest promoter of missionary enterprise, he inherited his early zeal in that cause. One of the most enduring satisfactions of his life came from the financial means he was able to furnish missionary endeavor. It has been said that during the last twelve years of his life he was "Known to have given about five hundred thousand dollars to the work for missions—probably but a small part of the total amount, since it was his habit to give in a way that would not be publicly known:" In addition to the many thousands of dollars that were contributed to the regular and current work of missions, Mr. Severance undertook at different times enterprises of his own. He bought tracts of land and erected residences, schools and hospitals and other buildings at missionary stations. Noteworthy among these should be mentioned the Severance Hospital and Severance Medical College at Seoul, Korea. Both of these have proved highly successful institutions. During 1907-08 Mr. Severance made a tour around the world, continuing sixteen months. Perhaps the larger part of the time was devoted to a personal examination of the mission fields. As a result he was able to see for himself conditions and needs, and in many cases applied a prompt and generous remedy. The tour also gave him an opportunity to acquire a personal acquaintance among the missionaries, and during the remainder of his life he maintained an active correspondence with these practical workers for Christianity. Significant is the fact that of many letters that have come from the foreign missionary field since his. death the dominant note was emphasizing not so much the material benefits received from Mr. Severance as the friendly co-operation, wise counsel and sympathy which he manifested for the individual missionaries in their labors and in all times of need. On his return from abroad Mr. Severance was elected a member of the Presbyterian Board of Foreign Missions. To that cause he devoted a large part of his time thenceforward. For a number of years Mr. Severance had a home in New York City. He was a member of some of Cleveland's leading social organizations, including the Union Club, the Country Club, the Euclid Club, the Mayfield Country Club. In 1862 he married Fannie B. Benedict. 326 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS She died in 1874, leaving three children : John L. Severance, Elisabeth S. Severance and Anne Belle Severance. Elisabeth S. Severance married Dr. Dudley P. Allen, and after his death became the wife of Mr. F. F. Prentiss. In 1894 Mr. Severance married Florence Harkness, who died in 1895. JOHN L. SEVERANCE. To the notable record of the Severance family in Cleveland, covering a period of over eighty years, John Long Severance has contributed achievements and abilities that rank him at once among the foremost business leaders of the city and of the nation. His grandfather was a pioneer merchant of Cleveland, and his father, the late Louis H. Severance, was for many years an official of The Standard Oil Company and also prominent as a banker and philanthropist. There was nothing in the character of John L. Severance which would allow him to remain the son of a successful father. He accepted the fortune of good birth and family position merely as a starting point in the attainment of still larger success. Born at Cleveland May 8, 1864, he was educated in the common schools of his native city and graduated from Oberlin College in 1885. His active career began as an employe of the Standard Oil Company of Cleveland. He became identified with the broadening scope of that corporation's activities, and for several years was treasurer and secretary of the Cleveland Linseed Oil Company. Later he became a factor in organizing the American Linseed Oil Company, a corporation which took over the interests of the Cleveland company. His principal business connection in recent years has been as president of the Colonial Salt Company. He organized this company and has done much to fortify its position as one of the largest business concerns' of Ohio. Mr. Severance also had a part in the organization and for several years was secretary and treasurer of the Linde Air Products Company. Among other corporations with which he is connected are the Youngstown Sheet and Tube Company of Youngstown, director; was for years with the Cleveland Steel Company of Cleveland, vice president and director; the First National Bank of Cleveland, director; the Cleveland Trust Company, director; and the National Carbon Company of Cleveland. His own career, like that of the business institutions in which he has been an executive officer, has nothing of the meteoric and has. been rather persistent than brilliant. Those most familiar with his business life say that he has come up from the rank and file because he possessed exceptional qualities as a business builder and organizer, and his early training and the sheer force of his inherent ability fitted him well for a captain's rank in the army of industry. In any well conceived list of Cleveland business men the name of John L. Severance would appear in the first dozen if not at the very top. As his business connections are of national scope and importance, so he is also well known in social centers of other cities. He is a member of the Union Club, Country Club, Mayfield Country Club, University Club, Rowfant Club, Cleveland Yacht .Club and Cleveland Automobile clubs, and also belongs to the University Club of New York, the Automobile Club of America and the New York Yacht Club. He is a trustee of Oberlin College, trustee of Auburn Seminary, Auburn, New York, is an active member of the board of foreign missions of the Presyterian church and is one of the representatives of that great denomination on the board of Nankin University, Nankin, China, and the Pekin University of Pekin, China. On November 3, 1891, Mr. Severance married Elizabeth Huntington DeWitt, of Cleveland. REV. EDWARD WILLIAM WORTHINGTON was for nearly twenty years rector of Grace Episcopal Church at Cleveland and death interrupted a career which had been full of honors, but was especially distinguished for the strength and devotion of his service as a churchman and humanitarian. He was born at Batavia, New York, May 10, 1854, a son of Gad Belden and Anna Maria (Dixon) Worthington. He was in his sixty-second year when he died at Cleveland on Easter Sunday, April 15, 1906. Rev. Mr. Worthington prepared for college in the high school at Batavia, Carey Seminary at Oakfield, and in 1871 entered Trinity College at Hartford, Connecticut. He graduated from that institution A. B. in June, 1875, being salutatorian of his graduating class. In 1878 Trinity College conferred upon him the degree Master of Arts. In the meantime he had . studied theology in the Berkeley Divinity School of Middletown, Connecticut, where he completed his course in 1878. During 1876-79 he was private secretary to the Bishop of Connecticut. He was ordained deacon by Bishop CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 327 Williams of Connecticut in 1878, and in the following year received the orders of priest at New Haven. Mr. Worthington had charge of the church. of St. John the Evangelist at Yalesville, Connecticut, in 1878-79 ; was rector of Christ Parish, West Haven, Connecticut, 1879 to 1882; of St. John's Parish at Mount Morris, New York, 1882 to 1887 ; and was with Grace Episcopal Church at Cleveland from 1887 until his death. Among the many honors and responsibilities conferred upon him by his church he was assistant secretary of the House of Deputies of the General Convention from 1883 ; secretary of the Diocese of Ohio from 1890 to 1901; president of the Standing Committee of the Ohio Diocese from 1896; a deputy to the General Convention from 1892; and also a trustee of the Church Home. Rev. Mr. Worthington was author of several hooks. His "Ember Days and Other Papers," published in 1897, was a volume of religious essays still widely read and studied. He was also author of "The Holy Eucharist, Devotionally Considered," published in 1901, and a voluminous work entitled "A Study of Occasional Offices of the Prayer Book," published in 1903. He also wrote extensively for various church publications. While long regarded as one of the most scholarly men in the ministry of Cleveland, Mr. Worthington is doubtless best remembered for the quality of his work among the poor and unfortunate. Whenever a family in sickness or distress called on him he never refused to give them aid and was ready to go at any time, whether day or night, to visit the sick in the hospitals. All the downtown hospitals of Cleveland welcomed his presence but he was especially interested in the work of the Huron Street Hospital. He commanded the love and admiration of all who knew him, and was regarded as the highest type of a Christian minister. He sought none of the public notice which has been received by some ministers of the Gospel. and always did his work quietly and without ostentation and guided entirely by his devotion to duty unselfishly performed. The funeral services at Cleveland were conducted by Bishop W. A. Leonard of Ohio, Bishop Charles D. Williams of Michigan and by Bishop Worthington of Nebraska, the last a cousin of Mr. Worthington. The remains were than taken to Batavia, New York, and laid to rest in the scenes of his boyhood. Mr. Worthington was survived by his widow, who still lives in Cleveland, and four children. In 1880 he married Miss Eleanor Lobdell. Eleanor, the oldest of their children, graduated from the College for Women of Western Reserve University with the class of 1904 and the degree A. B. She has charge of the English Department at Harcourt Place School for Girls at Gambier, Ohio. Edward Lobdell Worthington, secretary of the Tillotson & Wolcott Company of Cleveland, is mentioned in other paragraphs. Donald, a graduate of Kenyon College and of the Michigan Agricultural College, is a practical and scientific farmer. Dorothy is a student in the classical course in the class of 1918 of the College for Women of Western Reserve University. EDWARD LOBDELL WORTHINGTON, secretary of the Tillotson & Wolcott Company, corporation bonds, is one of the younger business men of Cleveland and has already achieved a most successful career. A son of the late Rev. Edward William Worthington, a sketch of whose career appears on other pages, Edward L. was born at Mount Morris, New York, June 2, 1886. He was about 1 1/2 years of age when his father removed to Cleveland and became pastor of Grace Episcopal Church, and in the public schools of this city he completed his education, graduating from the Central High School with the class of 1905. Mr. Worthington was reared in a home of culture and refinement and in which every activity was tested by the touchstone of high ideals, and has carried those early influences into his business career. On leaving high school Mr. Worthington spent one year with The Sherwin-Williams Company of Cleveland, and another year with The Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company. He then entered the bond department of The Cleveland Trust Company, and was with that institution two years. Mr. Wolcott was then manager of the trust company bond department. Mr. Tillotson, then vice president and manager of The Cleveland Trust Company, became associated with Mr. Wolcott in organizing The Tillotson & Wolcott Company, dealers in corporation bonds. Mr. Worthington went with these men into the new organization as a director and city salesman, and upon the death of Mr. Wolcott became secretary of the company. Mr. Worthington is also a director of The American Fire Clay Company of Cleveland. He is a republican in national polities, and for four years was a member of Troop A of the Ohio National Guard. He enjoys the best 328 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS associations of both business and social life, being a member of the Union Club, the Country Club, the Rowfant Club, the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Civic League. He is a member and trustee of Grace Episcopal Church, of which his father was rector for so many years. He is also a member and in 1915-16 was president of the Episcopal Church Club of Cleveland. Mr. Worthington finds his chief recreation from business in golf and tennis. December 10, 1917, he married Miss Ruth Everett, daughter of Sylvester T. and Alice (Wade) Everett of Cleveland. EDWIN S. GRIFFITHS. At the age of fourteen, soon after coming to America, Edwin S. Griffiths was in charge of an air compressing engine at the coal mines near Scranton, Pennsylvania. Among the successful leaders in Cleveland industries today it is doubtful if any began life with more restricted opportunities and had a humbler position than this. Mr. Griffiths spent his years before coming to America in South Wales, where he was born August 26, 1872, a son of William and Rachel Griffiths, and where he had received the advantages of the local schools. While he was driving the air compressor at the Scranton coal mine he was putting in many a diligent hour in study at Woods College. He attended school at night or in day, according to the shift on which he worked. At sixteen and a half he graduated, then resigned his position, worked three months as stenographer with Judge H. M. Edwards and for two years was county court reporter. With this amplitude of experience Mr. Griffiths arrived in Cleveland and for four years was bookkeeper for the Ohio Adamant Company, manufacturers of gypsum. The company then sent him on the road as traveling representative, and he sold that product until 1900. Mr. Griffiths has been an increasingly conspicuous figure in Cleveland industry for the past seventeen years. In 1900 he organized The Cleveland Machine and Manufacturing Company, which upon incorporation had the following officers : R. C. Moody. president ; E. I. Leighton, vice president : Mr. Griffiths, secretary and treasurer. That plant was ready for operation in 1901 and from handling machinery as jobbers they developed into the manufacture of rolling mill machinery. Their force of ten men with which they began business in 1901 has increased until today they have 200 men on the payroll. The first year's output was $25,000 and a conservative estimate of the business for 1917 is $750,000. The present officers are : Edwin S. Griffiths, president; John Jaster, vice president and treasurer; E. A. Kohler, secretary ; and K. F. Dailey, manager. Even after reaching the dignity of an independent business man Mr. Griffiths kept up a rigorous course of self-improvement. From 1901 to 1906 he took private lessons in mathematics under Professor Houghton and also pursued a special course in engineering under J. P. Mills, a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science and at that time special instructor at the Young Men's Christian Association. In 1915 Mr. Griffiths was elected president' of The Bishop-Babcock-Becker Company. This firm has one of the large industries of the Cleveland manufacturing district and makes soda fountains, pumps of all kinds, vacuum and air lines system of heating, bottling machinery, welding machinery, chemicals, beer pumps, coolers and various lines of brewing machinery. The business is one that employs 6,000 people. Mr. Griffiths is president of The Buckeye Engine Company at Salem, Ohio, manufacturers of steam and gas engines, and this industry has 750 people on the payroll. He is vice president of The Cromwell Steel Company of Lorain County. The plant of this company is now in course of construction and operations will start September 1, 1917. The company will manufacture open hearth steel and the plans are to start the business with 1,000 workmen. Mr. Griffiths is also a director in the National City Bank. He is a York and Scottish Rite Mason, and one of the leading members of that order in Ohio, having attained the thirty-third supreme degree of the Scottish Rite in the Northern Masonic jurisdiction in 1911. He served as grand master of the Ohio Grand Lodge in 1912-13. He is a member of the Union Club, the Willowick Country Club, the Roadside Country Club, Cleveland Engineering Society and the Engineers Club of New York City. He is a republican and a member of the Baptist Church. At Cleveland December 31, 1903, Mr. Griffiths married Miss Margaret N. Rusk. JOHN ADOLPHE FERENCIK, also sometimes spelled Feriencik, now living retired at Cleveland, has at different times been identified with this city in his capacity as an editor and jour- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 329 nalist, and is one of the most widely known men in newspaper and literary circles among the Slovak nationality in America. He was born May 30, 1865, in the City of Zvolen in Austria-Hungary, a son of John George and Amalia Ferencik. His father died in Austria and his mother in England. The father was a revolutionary leader in Hungary, associated with the great Kossuth. He was one of the party that accompanied that distinguished Hungarian patriot on his tour of the American continent about seventy years ago. John A. Ferencik was educated in the public schools and colleges of his native land, graduating in 1884. For a time he was instructor in a school, and then took up journalistic work and in 1887 was member of the editorial staff of a Slovak newspaper at Budapest. He soon became unpopular with the Hungarian government on account of his pan Slavism, and unable to rest content under suppressive conditions he sought a new home in America, where he would be free to write his convictions as he felt them. Thus in 1890 he came to the United States, and since then has been editor of many Slovac newspapers. He was editor of one of the leading papers of that nationality in New York, and during thirty-five years of active newspaper life has owned and edited many Slovac journals throughout the country. He finally retired in 1917, his last position having been as editor of the National Slovak Daily of Chicago, the largest daily published in that language in the world. As a youth in his native land he served a brief time with an artillery organization but had no active military experience. From 1900 to 1908 he was supreme secretary in the National Slovak Society. Politically he is a republican of the stand-pat variety, and has supported all the republican presidents since he came to this country. He is member of the various Slovak secret societies, is a Lutheran in religion, and is a member of the Gun Club of Pittsburgh. During his career he has written many books, short stories and poems, and is well known among American Slays as a playwright. Since retiring he has used his time profitably in writing books and plays and in contributing editorials to various newspapers. March 8, 1886, in Austria-Hungary he married Mary Marko, daughter of Andrew and Anna (Benko) Marko. They are the parents of two children, John Paul and Beatrice. JOHN P. FERENCIK. Of the young and forceful citizens of Cleveland who have come to the front in recent years in public and professional life, few have greater achievements to their credit than has John P. Ferencik. Still in his twenties, he has impressed himself upon the community as a lawyer of sound ability, with many notable successes in his career, while in Slavonic circles of the city he has gained a reputation, standing and influence second to none. His entire life at Cleveland has been composed of a series of successes, all self gained and all well merited. Mr. Fereneik was born at New York City, January 25, 1890, son of John A. Ferencik, elsewhere mentioned in this publication. John Paul Ferencik, after completing his preliminary educational training, became a student at Pittsburgh of the Pittsburgh Academy. While there he 'began to display his ambitious and capable qualifications and in addition to the general literary course took military training and won high honors as a debater. He had the affirmative end of the question in regard to the adoption of the commission form of government for Pittsburgh, and won this debate over worthy opponents. It was held at the Carnegie Institute in 1910 at the twentieth annual debate of the Knickenbocker and Emanon Literary Society. While in Pittsburgh he also served as president of the Emanon Literary Society. On leaving Pittsburgh Academy he entered Adelbert College at Western Reserve University, and from there enrolled as a student at the University of Michigan, where he remained for two years, receiving his A. B. degree. Then entering the Cleveland Law School he graduated LL. B. in 1915 and on the first of July in the same year was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of the State of Ohio and at once began practice in Cleveland. He opened offices in the Engineers Building and at present is in the office of the law firm of David & Heald and carries on a general practice. While in active professional work only a short time Mr. Ferencik has already attracted a large, influential and representative clientele, and as the only Slavonic attorney in Cleveland, practically controls the practice of that nationality. He . also represents The Zivena, as their attorney in Ohio. This is the largest Slavonic Ladies Benefit Society in the United States. He is also building up a good following in other directions and is making such rapid advancement in his calling that he may be accounted one of the lawyers of promise of the city. 330 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS While giving the bulk of his attention to his rapidly increasing practice, Mr. Ferencik has had experience in other directions. Before taking up the law he was interested in colonizing in Southern Mississippi, during which as the assistant manager of sales for The Mississippi Farms Company, he founded the enterprising and thriving Town of Slavonia, Mississippi. In political matters Mr. Ferencik is a republican. During the campaign of 1916 he took charge of the Slavonic end of the campaign at Cleveland for Charles Evans Hughes. He has interested himself in matters pertaining not alone to the interests of the Slavonic people in this country, but those in connection with general matters of public importance as well. His intelligence and good judgment have more than once made him a valuable citizen in public spirited civic movements. In his profession he is known among his fellow members in the Ohio Bar Association as an attorney who respects the highest ethics of the law. Among other connections he holds membership in the City Club of Cleveland. At Buffalo, New York, July 6, 1917, Mr. Ferencik married Miss Ella L. Beers, daughter of Elmer S. and Della A. (Gambee) Beers, both now deceased. Mrs. Ferencik is a great-granddaughter of the late multi-millionaire, L. H. Wade, one of the early pioneers of Cleveland. Socially Mrs. Ferencik has for several years been prominent at Celveland and is secretary of the Harroff School of Expression of this city, and a very talented teacher of dramatic act. She was born at Adrian, Michigan, is a graduate of Wooster College in Ohio and the Chicago School of Dramatic Art. JOHN J. BOYLE. For several years John J. Boyle has carried some of the important responsibilities in connection with the municipal government of Cleveland, and was recently inducted into the office of county treasurer of Cuyahoga County, having been elected in the fall of 1916. Mr. Boyle has spent most of his life in Cleveland and came up from the ranks of labor and has the broad sympathies of a man who had to earn his living by the sweat of his brow. This active sympathy has no doubt been responsible in part for some of the valuable reforms he has instituted in the methods of transacting public business, all for the benefit of the general public rather than for the favored few. Mr. Boyle was born in County Mayo, Ireland, June 2, 1868, the oldest child of Patrick and Winifred (Stanton) Boyle. When he was five years of age his parents came to the United States, first locating in Mercer County, Pennsylvania, where his father was employed in the iron business. In 1879 the family came to Cleveland. The father is still active for his years, in good health and enjoying life. The mother died December 7, 1913. There were three sons and three daughters, the daughters all dying in infancy in Mercer County, Pennsylvania. John J. was the only child of the family born in Ireland. All the others claim Mercer County, Pennsylvania, as their place of nativity. His brothers are Thomas S. and Michael J. Thomas has been connected with the Standard Oil Company at Whiting, Indiana, since it began operations there more than twenty-eight years ago. Michael has been connected with the Postal Telegraph Company for the past fifteen years, and prior to that was employed by the Western Union Telegraph Company. John J. Boyle has lived in Cleveland since he was eleven years of age. He received his early education in the public schools of West Middlesex, Pennsylvania, and in Cleveland also attended public night school, taking a course in mathematics and bookkeeping under the well known old educator, Professor Blandin. He became self supporting when a boy, and for a number of years was employed in the mills of the old Cleveland Rolling Mills Company at Newburg. In 1892 he took up insurance work with the Metropolitan Life and the Prudential Life. He was with those two companies in various capacities, both in the field and on the road traveling. The Metropolitan Life sent him out as a general inspector, locating agencies in the West and throughout the South, here he opened offices for the company at Memphis, Nashville and Chattanooga, and also at Rockford and Freeport, Illinois. Leaving his insurance work in 1900, Mr. Boyle was given a post in the Cleveland city government by Mayor Farley. He was employed in the inspection department, especially in looking after underground construction work and seeing that all public utility corporations had the necessary work installed before streets were paved. He continued also through the administration of the late Tom L. Johnson. In May, 1905, he was selected as secretary of the commission that had charge of the erection of the new Cuyahoga County court house, and continued his CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 331 duties as secretary of the commission until the building was completed in 1913. An interesting feature of his work with that commission is told in the report of Nau, Rusk & Swearingen, certified public accountants to the Cuyahoga County Building Commission, under date September 28, 1915. In that report Mr. Boyle was complimented upon the methods installed by him of keeping the records and accounts of the Building Commission,. and the public accountants in connection with their report stated : "We examined all contracts and vouchers, and journal entries supporting disbursements of funds and find no disbursement which was not properly authorized by the commission. We found the books of account and records to be comprehensive and adequate, and the supporting date preserved in the tiles in such a manner as to be readily accessible to the end that all transactions of the commission since its organization can be readily verified, and we take this opportunity to commend the neatness and accuracy of the work of the secretary in recording the minutes of the commission in the journal, and the excellent system of accounting installed by him." It should be noted in this connection that all of the $4,668,155.96 expended in the construction of the new. court house passed through the hands of Mr. Boyle. On September 4, 1913, Mr. Boyle became chief deputy county treasurer of Cuyahoga County under P. C. O'Brien, and filled that post four years. In the fall of 1916 he was elected on the democratic ticket to the office of county. treasurer, and began his duties September 3, 1917. This date by an interesting coincidence was the tenth anniversary of his wedding, and his induction into office was the occasion for numerous floral pieces sent him by his friends. While the record of Mr. Boyle's service as county treasurer has only just begun, there is one feature of it which must not be allowed to pass without the comment which it deserves. This refers to the abolition, as a result of a legislative measure introduced by Mr. Boyle, of the notorious tax title sales which have been an onerous burden upon the real estate owners of Ohio for many years. The system has prevailed in practically all other states of the Union, and the advanced position taken by Ohio as a result of Mr. Boyle's influence will undoubtedly be closely studied and followed by all interested in the subject throughout the country. The facts of the case are well stated by Mr. Boyle in an announcement he had publicly circulated soon after taking office. These facts are of such value as to deserve complete quotation. "For more than fifty years in the State of Ohio, the law compelled county treasurers to hold yearly sales of tax titles. Your treasurer, Mr. Boyle, regarded the sale of these tax titles a decided injustice to those taxpayers, who, through no fault of their own, were unable to pay their taxes. "When sold, property owners lost title to their property, and were compelled to pay to the tax buyer the exorbitant and unjust premium of fifteen per cent penalty the first year, and twenty-five per cent penalty the second year, with interest at six per cent per annum, from date of sale, in order to redeem their property. "After two years, if not redeemed, these tax title buyers by applying to the county auditor would receive what was known as a deed of conveyance, and in many cases after the issuance of this deed, property was entirely lost to the original owner. The last two tax sales in Cuyahoga County resulted in the sale of tax titles to the amount of $136,824.11. If these titles were redeemed during the first year, the tribute paid to tax buyers would amount to $29,964.78, or one-fifth of the total. If none of these titles were redeemed until two years had elapsed, the tribute paid to the tax buyers would amount to $54,929.66, or more than one-third of the! total sale. The total amount of unpaid taxes for 1915 tax year in the State of Ohio, as disclosed by the records in the State Auditor's office was $2,420,777.83. "Through the efforts of your county treasurer a bill prepared by him was passed by the 1917 State Legislature, eliminating tax sales in the State of Ohio for all time. Under this new law a more equitable method for delinquent tax adjustment is now possible. Under the provisions of this law taxpayers are relieved of the burden or exorbitant penalties exacted by the tax title buyers, and the necessity of having to deal with individuals living outside the state, in order to get title to their own property as all adjustments are now made through the County Treasurer's office. Property on which taxes have not been paid for two consecutive tax paying periods is advertised (hut not sold) and certified delinquent to the state auditor, and eight per cent interest per annum is added, plus sixty cents for advertising, and twenty-five cents for 332 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS certificate. This plan of collecting unpaid taxes not only saves taxpayers a large amount of money, but they do not lose title to their property. "For the convenience of taxpayers, your County Treasurer, Mr. Boyle, has established a department for the purpose of mailing tax bills to property owners, thereby relieving them of the necessity of writing for them at each tax paying period or applying at the tax office for them. This method has met the approval of the taxpaying public." Mr. Boyle is a democrat in politics, but his sterling Americanism has always been predominant over partisanship. He is affiliated with the Knights of Columbus, the Ancient Order of Hibernians, the Knights of Equity, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, and the Cleveland Real Estate Board. He is an ardent baseball fan, and takes his recreation as a pedestrian. For the past ten years Mr. Boyle and family have been communicants of St. Agnes parish. Before that he was a member of the Holy Name parish. In St. Agnes church, September 3, 1907, he married Miss Julia Marie Perkins. She was born and educated in Cleveland, being a graduate of the Ursuline Academy at Nottingham. Her parents, Marcus Lafayette and Anna Marie (Volmar) Perkins were both born in Cleveland. Her father died when she was an infant. Her mother afterwards married William F. Thompson, who was known as the pioneer in the manufacture of the steel rod and wire industry of America. Mr. and Mrs. Boyle have one son, John J., Jr., born at Cleveland, April 2, 1909. LISTON G. SCHOOLEY, who first came to Cleveland about ten years ago as a life insurance man, has been a practicing lawyer since 1912, with a large general practice and with offices in the Engineers Building. Mr. Schooley is a native of Virginia and both he and his wife are prominently connected with old southern families. He was born in the Village of Waterford in Loudoun County, February 4, 1879, a son of George W. and Elizabeth A. (Kepler) Schooley. His mother was horn near Zanesville, Ohio, and belonged to the prominent Spurgeon family of this state, being a cousin of the famous English divine, Doctor Spurgeon. She is still living in Cleveland. George W. Schooley died at the summer home of his son Liston at Herndon, Virginia, twenty-five miles from Washington, August 15, 1906. He came from old Virginia plantation stock. The parents were married at Waterford, Virginia, in 1869. George W. Schooley during early life lived on a plantation. His grandfather was a Virginia slave owner. Both George W. and his father were strong Union men, but many others of the family were equally ardent Confederates, and much bitterness was occasioned in the family on this account. Grandfather Schooley was in the War Department at Washington during the war, while George W. enlisted as a private and subsequently became first lieutenant. Both were in service at the time of the threatened invasion of Gen. Jubal Early against Washington. After the war George W. Schooley moved back to Waterford, Virginia. Grandfather Schooley was one of the greatest admirers Abe Lincoln ever had, and believed no man ever lived who was quite his equal. George W. Schooley was for twenty-two successive years mayor of the Village of Waterford and immediately after the Civil war he established the Methodist Episcopal Church at Waterford and with the exception of ten years was superintendent of the Sunday school the active part of his life. In politics he was a republican. The Schooley family originated in Wales, and the first American settlement was made around Schooley Mountain in New Jersey. Other descendants of the family went to Virginia, where many of the name are still found. Liston G. Schooley was the third in a family of five sons and one daughter. Leon E. the oldest, died in the Sibley Hospital at Wash- ington, D. C., November 15, 1906. Victor 0. lives at Paeonian Springs, Virginia. Heber V. lives at Waterford, Virginia. Vote L. is the wife of E. E. Talley of Cleveland. Merrill W. is also a resident of Cleveland. All the children were born and educated in Virginia. Liston G. Schooley attended school at Waterford, Virginia, and took his college course in William and Mary College at Williamsburg, the old colonial capital of Virginia. This is the second oldest college in the United States, and numbers among its alumni Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, John Tyler, and James Monroe. Mr. Schooley was in school there three years and then taught one year in Keezletown and two years at Catoctin, Virginia. He then spent a winter at home clerking and in August, 1900, removed to Washington, D. C., where he entered the life insurance business with Col. E. J. Gresham, being chief clerk in Colonel Gresham's office until 1902. Colonel Gresham died at Washington, May 31, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 333 1902. Mr. Schooley then continued with the Northwestern Mutual Life of Milwaukee, until 1906, and on the 26th of December of that year arrived in Cleveland as special agent. In 1908 he transferred his services to the Prudential Insurance Company and was with them until February, 1915, in the same capacity. In the meantime Mr. Schooley took up the study of law in the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace University, graduating LL. B. June 6, 1912. He was admitted to the bar June 25th of the'same year. Since beginning practice he has had his office in the Engineers Building, and was associated with L. E. Skeel until November, 1915, since which time he has handled his general practice alone. Mr. Schooley is a republican. In 1915 he was candidate for councilman from the First Ward on an independent ticket, and stood second among the five making the race. He was a delegate to the County Convention of 1913 and also to the Republican State Convention of 1916. Mr. Schooley has Masonic affiliations with Herndon Lodge No. 154, in Virginia, and was elected its junior deacon, but went to Washington before taking the office. He is also a member of Potomac Chapter No. 3, Royal Arch Masons at Washington. He belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association, the Sigma Kappa Phi fraternity of the Cleveland Law School. and Trinity Methodist Episcopal Church at Cleveland. February 12, 1901, Mr. Schooley married at Washington, D. C., Miss Bessie E. Gresham, daughter of the late Col. E. J. and Fanny (Williams) Gresham. Her mother lost her life during a fire in Houston, Texas, in 1908. Her maternal grandfather, Colonel Williams, was the first West Point officer to resign his commission and join the Southern army and was also the first Confederate officer to be reinstated in the United States army after the close of the war. The Gresham family long had their home in Chesterfield County, Virginia, and was descended from Sir Thomas Gresham of England. Colonel Gresham was in the Stonewall Jackson Brigade throughout the entire war. He was also a big lumber merchant around Petersburg, Virginia, but lost his fortune in the panic of 1871. He then traveled throughout the South for the Equitable Life Insurance Company of New York, and later for twenty-five years was general agent at Washington, D. C., for the Northwestern Mutual Life of Milwaukee. At first his territory comprised the District of Colum bia and Maryland, Delaware and Northern Virginia, but in later years his business was confined to the City of Washington. Mrs. Schooley's mother in the maternal line was related to the old Curtis family of Virginia, and her mother was a niece of President John. Tyler, and through the Curtis family had connections with Presidents Jefferson, Madison and Monroe. Altogether five presidents are found in her family tree. Her grandfather was commanding officer at the time Fort Sam Houston was built. Colonel Williams spent the latter part of his life in San Antonio. He died in San Antonio in 1891. Mrs. Schooley was born in St. Louis, Missouri, was educated in the public schools of Washington, D. C., graduating from the Central High School there. Mr. and Mrs. Schooley reside at 1978 West 99th Street and they have a summer home at Herndon, Virginia. Their two children are Liston Gresham, born at Washington, and Frances Elizabeth, born at their summer home in Virginia, JOHN C. HEALD. As a trial lawyer John C. Heald has few peers in Northern Ohio. Ever ready, resourceful, with an active experience of over thirty years, Mr. Heald is just now in the prime of his strength and usefulness. He has been a resident of Cleveland over twenty years and is member of the law firm of David & Heald with offices in the Engineers Building. Mr. Heald was born at Anamosa, Iowa, March 11, 1865, son of Eli and Lydia A. (Williamson) Heald. At Mr. Heald's Cleveland home his father, Eli, is living now at the age of ninety. His mother, Lydia A. Heald, died in 1907. Mr. Heald is of old American family stock, his forefathers, Quakers, having settled in Philadelphia many years before the advent of William Penn. One branch of his ancestry goes back to Robert Morris, the eminent financier who did so much for the Revolutionary cause and who was one of the signers of the Declaration of Independence. John C. Heald spent most of his early life in Nebraska, going with his parents to Ponca in that state when thirteen. He attended the Silver Ridge Seminary at Silver Ridge, Nebraska, four years, and studied law with Judge J. B. Barnes of Ponca, now a judge of the Supreme Court of Nebraska. In his early experience, he served as deputy county clerk of Wheeler County, Nebraska, and after being admitted to the bar filled out an unexpired term as county prosecutor of that county. 334 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Later he was for two years police judge at Greeley, Nebraska. Mr. Heald practiced law in Nebraska from 1886 to 1895. In March of the latter year he came to Cleveland and here he has found a large and profitable clientage to serve in his capacity as a court lawyer. He does all the court work for the firm of David & Heald and is employed in looking after the court business of several other firms and individual attorneys. He has conducted successfully many important cases in Northern Ohio. One of them was the successful prosecution of a case through the Supreme Court of Ohio involving more than $1,000,000 in the Sinking Fund of Cleveland, a case which established a precedent for the entire state. Mr. Heald is also representative of several large corporations. He is a prominent Ohio republican and has always taken an active part in politics, his services as a campaign speaker being in great demand. In 1912 he was a candidate for the republican nomination for Congress from the Twentieth Ohio District. He was frequently importuned to become a candidate for mayor of Cleveland in 1917, but declined to do so. Mr. Heald is a member of the Willowick Country Club, the Loyal Order of Moose, the Modern Woodmen of America, and 'belongs to several other local organizations. While one of his recreations is motoring, he has given much of his time the past three years to practical agriculture, and has two fine farms in operation in Geauga County. Mr. Heald married at Cleveland in 1902 Miss Elizabeth Frick, daughter of Gustav and Mary Frick, well known Germans of the West Side. WILLIAM H. MCMORRIS, member of the law firm, Weed, Miller, Rothenberg & McMorris, with offices in the Engineers Building, has been a resident of Cleveland for the past sixteen years, and with growing prominence in his profession has also found time and opportunity to wield an influence in public affairs and especially those movements relating to Cleveland's prosperity. Mr. McMorris was born in Lancaster County. Pennsylvania, January 30, 1874, son of William J. and Catherine (Steel) McMorris and member of a rather noted family of that state. His grandfather, Dr. Patrick McMorris, with his brother, Dr. William McMorris, came from Edinburgh, Scotland, and settled in Pennsylvania when the Pennsylvania Canal was being constructed. Both were prominent in their profession and Doctor Patrick was a very skillful surgeon. He lived at Duncannon and New Buffalo, Pennsylvania. His greatest distinction in surgery was acquired when he amputated the aria at the elbow of an unborn child. This child afterwards grew up and had children of her own. At the time this operation was practically unique in the annals of surgery. Dr. Patrick McMorris attained the supreme honorary thirty-third degree in Masonry in Pennsylvania. W. H. McMorris' parents were both natives of Pennsylvania. His father in early life spent about twenty years as an operator of boats on the Pennsylvania Canal and latterly for many years was a railroad contractor. He is now seventy-eight and retired, having given up active business in 1908 at the age of seventy. His wife died in 1885 at New Buffalo, Pennsylvania. William J. McMorris lived for many years at Philadelphia 'but is now a resident of Harrisburg. There are two sons, William H. and Samuel S. The latter is an engineer with the Pennsylvania Railway Company and is also chairman of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen and Enginemen, with home at Harrisburg. William H. McMorris was educated in the public schools of Newport, Pennsylvania, graduating from the high school there in 1891, graduated from Dickinson Seminary at Williamsport in 1893, took his A. B. degree from Wesleyan University at Middletown, Connecticut, in 1897, and studied law in Yale College, where he was graduated LL. B. in 1899. Mr. McMorris was admitted to the Connecticut bar in 1899 and for four years practiced at Torrington, in that state. Coming to Cleveland in 1903, he was admitted to the Ohio bar and has since been steadily in practice in this city. For a time he was associated with Sterling Parks under the name Parks & McMorris, was then alone for a time, and in February, 1918, the firm of Weed, Miller, Rothenberg & McMorris was established. Mr. McMorris is a republican in politics and has been quite active as a stump speaker. He was associated with Judge Meals as active factors in the Roosevelt campaign. He is a member of the City Club, the Civic League, the Cleveland Bar Association, belongs to Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Pythian Star Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and Loyal Order of Moose, and is a member and steward of the Parkwood Methodist Episcopal Church. At Montgomery, Pennsylvania, December 20, 1900, Mr. McMorris married Miss Maude M. Thomas, daughter of William and Margaret CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 335 Jane (Williamson) Thomas of Montgomery. The Williamsons were a noted old family of Pennsylvania and of colonial revolutionary stock, while the Thomases had also long been established in that state. Her grandfather was known as "Iron John" Thomas, a name bestowed upon him because he was in the iron business. He had come from Wales. The Williamsons were of English ancestry and were noted for their longevity and the fact they reared large families. Mrs. McMorris' father, William Thomas, was a California forty-niner and came back from the gold coast with a large amount of gold dust. Afterwards he was a miller in Montgomery, also a farmer and had many other interests. Mrs. McMorris, who was born at Montgomery, Pennsylvania, and whose parents are now deceased, was educated in Dickinson Seminary at Williamsport, where she graduated in 1894 with the degree Master of English Literature. She is very active in church work, and also a member of the Melvin Reading Club and takes much part in the Red Cross movement. Mr. and Mrs. MeMorris have three children : Helen Margaret, Margaret Jane and Jean Elizabeth. The first was born at Torrington, Connecticut, and the other two at Cleveland. WILLIAM BROWNELL SANDERS. In point of continuous service William Brownell Sanders is one of the oldest members of the Cleveland bar. Aside from the service he rendered several years as judge of the Common Pleas Court of Cuyahoga County, he has been continuously in practice in Cleveland for over forty years. He has long been a member of one of the strongest law firms of Northern Ohio, and his ability and wide range of experience have caused interests of far reaching importance to be entrusted to his legal charge. Judge Sanders was born in Cleveland, September 21, 1854. His parents, Rev. William D. and Cornelia R. (Smith) Sanders, were also natives of Ohio, and were descended from some of the old New England stock that came West early in the last century. His father was a minister of the Presbyterian Church and also a school man. When Judge Sanders was a year old the family moved to Jacksonville, Illinois, where his father became professor of rhetoric in Illinois College. He grew up in the atmosphere of a college town and is a graduate of Illinois College, receiving' his degree Bachelor of Arts in 1873 and subsequently being awarded the Master of Arts degree. Judge Sanders studied law Vol. 11-22 in one of the oldest and most dignified of American law colleges, Albany Law School in New York. He took the full course and graduated LL. B. in 1875. Graduation was equivalent and entitled him to admission to the New York State Bar. He began practice at Cleveland and was junior member of the firm Burke, Ingersoll & Sanders. Though comparatively unknown in the city, he soon made his ability and character felt and established a high position at the bar. When Judge McKinney resigned from the bench of the Common Pleas Court in February, 1888, Governor Foraker appointed Mr. Sanders to the vacancy. In the succeeding month he received the unanimous republican nomination and was elected for a regular term. However, he resigned from this office in January, 1890, in order to resume private practice. As a judge he distinguished himself by highly exact and impartial conduct, as is disclosed by a writer in the Bench and Bar of Ohio. "During his official career Judge Sanders exhibited abundant evidence of the possession of the qualities of mind and character which serve to dignify the bench and invest the judiciary with the attributes which command respect and deference. He kept the ermine pure and unsullied. He maintained the traditional scales in equipoise. He saw clearly the rights of litigants as disclosed in the pleadings, but never saw the parties themselves. The personality of the plaintiff or defendant had no weight, but the rights of each received most patient scrutiny from the bench." Since leaving the bench Judge Sanders has been a member of the firm of Squire, Sanders & Dempsey. For a quarter of a century this has been one of the largest and best known law firms of the state. Judge Sanders is vice president of the Society for Savings and a director of the Guardian Trust Company of Cleveland, the National Commercial Bank, the Cleveland Stone Company, the Kelley Island Stone Company, and has interests in various other corporations. He is also well known in civic and social circles and is a member of the Union Club, University Club, Tavern Club, Country Club, and Roadside Club of Cleveland and of the University Club and Downtown Association of New York City. Judge Sanders was married April 30, 1884, to Miss Annie E. Otis, daughter of Charles A. Otis, of Cleveland. Judge and Mrs. Sanders have one daughter. 336 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS JONATHAN EDWARDS INGERSOLL. Cleveland had one of its most talented citizens in the person of the late Judge Jonathan Edwards Ingersoll, and the word citizen has been used advisedly because he was much more than a lawyer, eminent though he stood in that profession. In fact he was master of two professions, and in early life had practiced as a physician and rendered valuable service in that profession as surgeon during the Civil war. He was large of mind and heart, and was one of Cleveland's residents whom the present generation delights to honor. Of old New England stock, he was born at Lee, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, November 16, 1827. Soon after his birth his father removed to the vicinty of Rochester, New York, where eight years of the judge's early education was obtained. In 1840 he was sent to college at Oberlin, spending five years in that noble institution and graduating in 1845. For two years he taught school in the neighborhood of Rochester and for four years at Conneaut, Ohio. His spare time while teaching was diligently directed to the study of medicine, and he pursued his studies both at Conneaut and at Hudson. He was graduated from the Western Reserve Medical College in February, 1853. Perhaps almost at once he recognized his greater capabilities and his distinctive preferences for the law, since in the fall of 1853 he began the study of law with Bolton & Kelley, being admitted to the bar in October, 1855. However, he practiced medicine for some time, and in 1862, during one of the most critical periods of the Civil war, word having come north that Ohio soldiers were suffering from want of proper treatment in the Memphis Hospital, Doctor Ingersoll, as he was then known by title, volunteered his services as a physician. This voluntary offer was gladly accepted by Governor Brough, who gave him a special commission. He rendered a kindly and effective service in the field and hospitals and for thirty days was before Petersburg during the siege of that city. After the war he resumed his practice as a lawyer at Cleveland. Upon the resignation of Judge Williamson in September, 1882, from the Common Pleas Bench, Governor Foster appointed Mr. Ingersoll to fill the unexpired term. He served until relieved by the election of E. J. Blandin in October of the following year. After retiring from the bench Judge Ingersoll associated himself with Messrs. Stevenson Burke and William B. Sanders, under the firm name Burke, Ingersoll & Sanders. This partnership was continued until Mr. Sanders was appointed judge, and after that Judge Ingersoll practiced with Judge Stevenson Burke and his son, A. F. Ingersoll, the latter mentioned elsewhere in this publication, under the firm name of Burke & Ingersoll. Still a member of this firm, and enjoying a distinctive place as a highly capable lawyer, Judge Ingersoll was busy with his profession until his death, which occurred August 11, 1899, at Roach River, Maine, where he had gone for his annual vacation. He had arrived on the preceding Tuesday, and on that very day suffered a stroke of apoplexy, which was followed by the second and fatal stroke on Friday, the 11th. Judge Ingersoll as a lawyer was absolutely fearless and honest. When he had once made up his mind that a certain position was right he would never recede from it, no matter what the opposition might be. It mattered not to him how unpopular that position might be or how fiercely he might be assailed. He was always true to his convictions and absolutely without either moral or physical fear. At the same time, many a poor client can testify to the tenderness of heart and generosity which lay hidden beneath a somewhat rough exterior. He was a champion of the downtrodden and oppressed and much of his valuable time was occupied in the trial of cases for clients who were too poor to compensate him for his services. With all his numerous engagements as a practicing attorney, Judge Ingersoll found time for a thorough and comprehensive study of many branches of science and art. He was a broad minded, all around scholar and many a specialist has had occasion to wonder at the extent of Judge Ingersoll's familiarity with his own specialty. The bar, not of Cuyahoga County alone, but of the whole State of Ohio, suffered a great loss by his demise. His example of fearless honesty and loyalty to his clients' interests are things that will be treasured by the profession and will prove a stimulus to that large portion of the bar which believes that honesty and fidelity to clients are the first requisites for a practicing attorney. Judge Ingersoll married Miss Mary Fuller. Her father, Augustus Fuller, was an early settler in Cleveland. Mrs. Ingersoll, who died at Asheville, North Carolina, at the home of her daughter in January, 1906, was born in Warren, Ohio. The interests dearest to her were CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 337 those of her home and family, and she never became known to any extent outside of her immediate social circle and was not a participant in club activities. She proved a true and devoted mother to her ten children. Both Judge and Mrs. Ingersoll were laid to rest in Lakeview Cemetery at Cleveland. ALVAN F. INGERSOLL began the practice of law at Cleveland in 1885. Thirty years have brought him numerous successes and distinctions. He has performed his greatest work as a sound and able lawyer. For a number of years he was referee in bankruptcy and administered the details of that position with a conscientious care and a delicacy of judgment which were widely appreciated and must always remain a matter of special satisfaction to him. He had the good fortune to be born at Cleveland and that city furnished both his early and mature environment. When considered in connection with the excellent use he has made of his talents and opportunities, it is of interest to know that he is descended from old and prominent American stock. His father was the late Judge Jonathan Edwards Ingersoll, a direct descendant of the famous New England divine, Jonathan Edwards. His mother was Mary (Fuller) Ingersoll. Both parents are now deceased, and further reference to their lives will be found on other pages. Alvan F. Ingersoll was born October 5, 1859, was educated in the Central High School of Cleveland and the Western Reserve University. In school and college he made a commendable record as a student and also took a worthy part in college activities, especially in athletics. He was pitcher on the old college baseball team, and was also a member of the football squad of East High School forty years ago. After fully deciding upon the law as his vocation he pursued his studies with the firm Burke, Ingersoll & Sanders, and was admitted to the bar in December, 1885. In the same year he began practice at Cleveland, and in 1890 became a member of the firm Burke & Ingersolls. Most of his work during his thirty years of practice has been in general lines, but in 1901-02 he served as attorney for the Cleveland Electric Railway Company. In 1902 he resumed general practice and continued until January 1, 1910, when he was appointed referee in bankruptcy. That appointment was given him by the late Judge R. T. Tayler, and he filled the office six years until January, 1916. As attorney and claim agent for the Cleveland Electric Railway Company he was successful in adjusting many important claims and in bringing to a successful conclusion the trial of various cases for the company. Both lawyers and business men came to appreciate his fairness and ability in handling the often complicated matters that came before him as referee in bankruptcy. Mr. Ingersoll was secretary of the Cleveland Association of Credit Men from April 1 to September 1, 1916, resigning at the latter date on account of his private practice. He is now giving all his time to his business as a lawyer, and his offices are in the Engineers Building. His summer home is at Dover Bay, while during the winter he lives at the New Amsterdam Hotel in Cleveland. Judge Ingersoll has been a lover of wholesome outdoor recreation and sports all his life, and his chief diversion now is golf. During the years 1916 and 1917 he was president of the Dover Bay Country Club. Since 1879 he has been a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, and is a member of the American Bar Association, the Ohio State and Cleveland Bar Association, the Cleveland. Chamber of Commerce, the Second Presbyterian Church, and in politics is an independent republican. At Akron, Ohio, September 6, 1881, he married Miss Della Bishop. Her father was Avery Bishop and her grandfather, Joseph Bishop, the latter one of the earliest pioneers of Hudson, Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Ingersoll have five children : Mary Elvira, who married Howard C. Rose of Detroit; Charles Bishop Ingersoll, who married Marie Y. Meriam of Cleveland ; Kenneth, who married Winifred Lawrence of Cleveland ; Jonathan Edwards, whose wife was Marion Roby of Concord, New Hampshire; and Caroline Burton, who is the wife of Bernard Duffey, Jr., now associated with Mr. Ingersoll in the practice of law under the firm name of Ingersoll & Duffey. CHARLES W. DILLE. The part taken by Charles W. Dille in the affairs of Cleveland has been that of an able and conscientious lawyer, whose affiliations have always been straightforward and honorable and who for a large degree has represented the interests of the "common people." His practice in the handling of negligence eases is one of the largest enjoyed by any individual attorney at Cleveland. 338 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Mr. Dille, who was born in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1869, represents one of the oldest families of this part of the state, founded the year before Ohio was admitted to the Union. His great-great-grandfather migrated from the south side of the Ohio River to Cuyahoga County in 1797, only a year or two after the first settlement had been made at Cleveland. The grandfather of Charles W. Dille was Eri M. Dille, who became noted as one of the leading stockmen of Northern Ohio. W. W. Dille, father of the Cleveland attorney, is a native of Cuyahoga County and was formerly a successful farmer, but has lived retired since 1896. He married Miss Mina T. Gilbert, who was born in New York and in both lines was a representative of New England stock. Charles W. Dille grew up on his father's farm in the suburbs of Cleveland. After leaving the public schools he entered the railway train service and was a popular and active railroad man for a number of years. He finally determined to study law, and in the-spring of 1895 entered the Ohio Northern University at Ada and afterwards the law department of the Ohio State University at Columbus. The latter part of his four years college course was taken in the University of Denver in Colorado. Mr. Dille was admitted to the bar at Columbus in the spring of 1900, and has since been in the continuous practice of law at Cleveland. Since 1905 he has given much of his time to the law of negligence and general reform legislation. His successful handling of such cases against corporations has brought him a practice all over the state of Ohio and neighboring states and he has established a large clientele even as far east as Buffalo. Through his early experience as a railroad man Mr. Dille knows and understands the viewpoint of the laboring man, had a long affiliation with labor organizations through his membership in the Brotherhood of Railway Trainmen, and was frequently delegated with responsibility in connection with legislation for the protection of labor. He is a member in good standing of the Ohio State Bar Association, and is a republican, though not a strong partisan. At the present time he is head of the law firm of Dille & Rosenberg, with offices in The Arcade. In October, 1901, at Cleveland, Mr. Dille married Miss Nettie Luster. Her father, Samuel Luster, was one of the early settlers of Cuyahoga County. Mr. and Mrs. Dille have three daughters, Helen, Elizabeth and Dorothy. JOHN SMINCK VAN EPPS. Outside of men constantly in public life it seldom happens that a name acquires such associations and bodies forth more completely an interesting and forceful personality as is true of the name J. S. Van Epps. In half a dozen states, wherever coal men get together, this name suggests good-fellowship. It is claimed, and there would hardly be found anyone to doubt the assertion, that J. S. Van Epps is the most widely known and the most popular coal man in the country. He has meant much to the citizenship and the community of Cleveland, where he has been in business for forty years. The story of his career is one that will be read with interest by a large number of people. He is a native of Cleveland, born August 13, 1855. The house in which he was horn stood at the head of 86th Street and Cedar Avenue, a brick building, still standing there and in a good state of preservation. His parents were Dr. John Payson and Mary E. (Sminck) Van Epps. He was a boy of fifteen years when his mother died at the old home, August 27, 1870. She was born in New York City and the parents were married there. Dr. Van Epps was a native of Ovid, New York, graduated from the Ovid Academy, and his mother, Catherine Van Epps, was the first white girl born in Seneca County, New York. Her father, John C. Covert, was the pioneer in whose honor the Village of Covert, New York, was named. Doctor Van Epps by a previous marriage had two children, Mrs. J. Q. Adams of Cleveland, and Robert T. of Buffalo, New York. By his second wife there were three children : John S. ; Elizabeth P. of Cleveland ; and Charles S., who died in Cleveland in 1885. J. S. Van Epps was educated in the Bolton School of Cleveland. Among his instructors there were Dr. Elroy McKendree Avery, editor-in-chief of this publication, and the late Mrs. Avery, and he shares with other students of the school at that time in kindly memories of both of these instructors. Mr. Van Epps graduated from the Bolton High School in 1872, being the youngest member of the graduating class. He was then just seventeen. From high school he proceeded with characteristic directness into work of a practical nature, and for a time was with Rose & Brother, pork packers of Cleveland. This was a well known old establishment, consisting of the late Benjamin Rose and his brother. Mr. Van Epps CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 339 served them in the capacity of cashier for about five years, from the time he was eighteen. When Rose & Brother went out of business he accepted the interruption of his work as an opportunity to restore his health by a trip of about six months through Southwestern Texas. Then on his return to Cleveland Mr. Van Epps secured his original appointment as western sales agent for the distribution of anthracite coal west of Buffalo for the Delaware & Hudson Railway Company, owners of the Lackawanna coal mines. As western sales agent at Cleveland Mr. Van Epps continued from 1879 to 1902. After 1902 the Millspaugh & Green Company were allotted all the business of shipping the Delaware & Hudson Company's coal, and under them Mr. Van Epps has continued as western sales agent, representing Western New York, west of Buffalo, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Kentucky, Indiana. He maintained offices both in the Ford Building at Detroit and the Citizens Building at Cleveland. In the fall of 1918 Mr. Van Epps completed four decades as representative of the company, the only break in his continuous relations being four years from 1902 to 1906, when he did a general jobbing business in coal for himself, but still with offices in the Citizens Building. While a general jobber he secured interest in an anthracite property of which he is a fifth owner today. This is The Trevorton Colliery Company, of which he is secretary and which has its general offices in the Citizens Building. After his four years' experience as an independent jabber and on returning to his old firm, Mr. Van Epps received many letters from his competitors all over the country expressing pleasure that he was back in the old fold again. Mr. Van Epps is certainly a veteran coal merchant, and is, in fact, one of the pioneer agents of the anthracite trade in the West. Through his enthusiasm, his working interest in the Order of Kokoal and various retail coal trade organizations, especially in the anthracite division, Mr. Van Epps has become a national character. For several terms he served as Imperial Baron of the Order of Kokoal, and at all retail conventions in his territory has been much in evidence, and his advice and counsel upon important matters have been in great demand and thoroughly appreciated and usually followed. For some time Mr. Van Epps has been called "Harry Lauder" Van Epps, a name given him by his brother coal dealers in Cleveland for his resemblance to the Scotch comedian in appearance and his unusual powers as an entertainer. At banquets of the coal trade no one ever overlooks a chance to call upon Mr. Van Epps to sing, speak or tell a story. It is not impertinent to quote a paragraph or two from the Coal and Coke Operator of Pittsburgh, under date of June 20, 1912: "At the Kokoal Pow-Wow at Cincinnati last week Harry Lauder Van Epps is the name they dubbed that genial entertainer and wholesouled personage we all know as the distributor of anthracite in Ohio and Michigan for the Millspaugh & Green Company, by the name of J. S. Van Epps, who has done so much to make the meetings of coal men so delightful, and who has done much hard work for Kokoal, for which in his usual spirit of generosity he has given others the credit. To know J. S. is a pleasure which all who had the privilege will always be grateful for, for he has always been a sure cure for the dumps and the blues. May he ever live, for such men are needed to point out the sunny side of the street. The only objection we have to the new appellation is that it is unjust to J. S., for he can beat the Scotch laddie miles as a versatile entertainer, moreover, he is a business man as well." Mr. Van Epps is a director and chairman of the executive committee of the Ohio Lemon Company, owners of 150 acres of citrus groves in California, producing lemons, oranges, grape fruit and tangerines, with lemons as the primary and biggest output. He is a member of the Cleveland Rotary Club, Union Club of Cleveland, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, being on the wholesale merchants board of that organization, Credit Men's Association, Cleveland Automobile Club, Fellow Craft Athletic Club of Detroit, and is affiliated with Halycon Lodge No. 498., Free and Accepted Masons of Cleveland. Mr. Van Epps has a nicely located country home on Lake Erie at Perry, with 1,000 feet of frontage and with thirty acres of ground. Mr. Van Epps is senior warden of the Church of the Epiphany of Cleveland, and is also a trustee. For twenty-five years he was a trustee of the Cleveland Y. M. C. A. He has had an ideal family life. April 20, 1881, at Cleveland, he married Miss Fanny Noakes, daughter of Rev. Benjamin T. Noakes, D. D., who died in Cleveland, and Sarah (Piper) Noakes, who is still living, aged eighty-five, at her home, 2060 East 90th Street. Mr. and Mrs. Van Epps have had three children, all born and educated in Cleveland. The oldest is Mrs. Julius C. Sanderson, wife of the 340 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS assistant treasurer of The White Sewing Machine Company of Cleveland. Mrs. Sanderson is the mother of a daughter, Ruth Mary. The son Leslie I. is secretary and treasurer of The Van Epps Coal Company, with offices in the Rockefeller Building. He is married and has two children, Virginia and John Noakes Van Epps. Through all their many years of wedded life the saddest bereavement that has come to Mr. and Mrs. Van Epps was the loss of their beloved daughter, Sally Ellen Van Epps, on January 28, 1914. And her death was a distinct loss and cause of sorrow to a large community. She was just coming to the prime of her powers and usefulness at the age of twenty-nine. She was a graduate of the Woman's College of Western Reserve University, and after graduating had enjoyed the unusual honor of being accorded a place on the faculty of the school and served there two years before her death. LESLIE I. VAN EPPS, wholesale coal merchant, secretary-treasurer of The Van Epps Coal Company, is a Cleveland man by birth and training, is a mining engineer by profession, and knows the coal business from the mining or operating side as well as in its commercial and distributing phases. Mr. Van Epps was born at Cleveland, May 9, 1883, a son of John S. and Fanny (Noakes) Van Epps. Reference is made on other pages to John S. Van Epps, who is probably one of the most widely known coal men in the United States. Leslie I. Van Epps was educated in the Central High School and is a graduate in the mechanical engineering course of The Case School of Applied Science. He put his education to practical test as superintendent of the Katherine Colliery of The Trevorton Company at Trevorton, Pennsylvania, located in the western part of the anthracite coal field near Shamokin. This is a property in which various Cleveland people are interested. During his superintendency of the colliery its output was doubled. Mr. Van Epps, having found his location in Pennsylvania somewhat isolated, resigned his office to return to Cleveland, and in April, 1912, organized The Van Epps Coal Company as a factor in the wholesale trade. Some of his friends and relatives were financially interested in the company, but Mr. Van Epps has charge of the practical details of its management. The Van Epps Coal Company, with offices in the ROckefeller Building, has the fol lowing officers : M. F. Anderson, president; J. C. Sanderson, vice president; L. I. Van Epps, secretary-treasurer; and F. C. _Johns, sales manager. The company handles chiefly bituminous coal but also deals in anthracite. Mr. Van Epps married at New York City, September 29, 1908, Miss Mabel E. Anderson. They have two children, both born in Pennsylvania, Virginia and John M. Mr. Van Epps is a member of the Reformed Episcopal Church and of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. DAVID R. ROTHKOPF. In recent years. at Cleveland there has come before the public no young lawyer of more splendid promise than David R. Rothkopf. Not alone in the law is he prominent, but in matters pertaining to the civic welfare, particularly in the line of accident prevention and relief, of which he is a stalwart and undeviating supporter. Mr. Rothkopf was born in Roumania, December 25, 1890, a son of Morris and Doris (Juster) Rothkopf. On both sides of the family he comes from prominent and wealthy people of that country, where the Justers own large estates, and one of his uncles on his father's side is a prominent woolen merchant, Nicholas Rothkopf. Also, both families are noted for their longevity, a number bearing these names having lived to reach nearly 100 years in age. The parents of Mr. Rothkopf brought their children to the United States in 1902, settling at Cleveland, where Morris Rothkopf is engaged in merchandising and is also identified with the dairy firm of Rothkopf Brothers, at 105th, Morse Street, 6112 Central Avenue, and St. Clair and 92nd Street. There are twelve children in the family, nine sons and three daughters, of whom the youngest was born at Cleveland, and the others in Roumania, and all are now residents of this city: Adolph, who is owner and manager of the Walch Employment Agency, the oldest in the city; Mitchell, Joseph and Ben, who are all associated with their father in the dairy business; Lillian; Frieda, who is the wife of J. Heller; David R., Jacob, Marie, William, Louis and Samuel. David R. Rothkopf attended the schools of his native country up to the sixth grade, and was eleven years of age when he accompanied his parents to the United States, here attending the Cleveland public schools and Case Woodland School. He graduated in 1907, at which time he entered the Central High School, and had an enviable record in athletics there, being captain of the basketball CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 341 team in his senior year, 1911. Also, while attending high school, he made it a practice to rise at 2 A. M. and deliver milk, thus helping to pay his way through school. Upon graduation, he began representing the National Manufacturers Association of New York, and thus began to be interested in and to make a study of the subject of accident prevention and relief. He attended the B. & W. College in the evening classes, studying law, and in 1914 graduated with the degree of Bachelor of Laws, and being admitted to the bar in June of that year commenced practice as a member of the firm of McKay & Rothkopf. This continued until June, 1917, since which time he practiced alone, having offices at 317 Society for Savings Building until November, 1917, when he was appointed assistant county prosecutor. Mr. Rothkopf 's legal work is greatly aided by the fact that he is able to speak and write fluently in three languages, Roumanian, German and English. As a lawyer he has built up a large practice and a reputation for fine ability and a comprehensive knowledge of the principles of law, and has been connected with a number of eases of much importance. Aside from his profession he has many interests. He is secretary of the Diamond Spring Oiler Manufacturing Company, and has interests in the Frank Brooklyn Company, is secretary and was one of the organizers of the East Side Milk Dealers Fraternal League, and an active member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Fraternally, he is affiliated with Deak Lodge, Knights of Pythias, and the B'nai B'rith. Likewise he is one of the active factors in the work of the Independent Aid Society, the Federation of Jewish Charities, the Talmud-Torah, the Jewish Publication Society, and the Business Men's Y. M. C. A. He belongs to the Cleveland Automobile Club, the City Club and the Civic League, and is a member of the Webster Club, a literary organization. Possessed of no small literary ability himself, he has been a frequent contributor to the newspapers on his favorite subject of accident prevention. For some years Mr. Rothkopf has been quite active in democratic politics, and is a member of the Eighteenth Ward Democratic Club. He served as city tax assessor in 1915, in which year he also became candidate for city councilman, and not only received the unqualified support of the best Jewish people of the city, and of the democratic organization, but of the Civic League, being second choice next to Harry C. Gahn. As a part of his campaign he advocated the inauguration of a municipal department of accident prevention and the application by the municipality of the principle of "safety first," under which shops and factories would take up a campaign against accidents and for their prevention. He was defeated for the office by only a small vote, although running against a much older and more experienced man who had held the office for six years. A young man of fine qualities and unblemished reputation, he possesses the necessary capacity for public service, a fact which no doubt will be duly recognized in time. Mr. Rothkopf was married March 10, 1917, to Miss Sophia Frank of Cleveland, daughter of Morris and Yetta (Katz) Frank. Mrs. Rothkopf was born at Cleveland and was educated in the graded schools and Glenville High School, from which latter she was graduated in June, 1916. The pleasant Rothkopf home is located at Fern Hall, 3250 Euclid Avenue. SYDNEY ADDISON DAVIES. One of the able and rising lawyers of Cleveland, Sydney Addison Davies has spent his entire career in the Forest City, where he is rapidly gaining a substantial reputation in the field of real estate law. Still a young man, he has so impressed his abilities upon the community that he has gained recognition from a number of the larger realty concerns of the city, which he has represented either as special or general counsel. He is a native son of Cleveland and was born December 22, 1892. his parents being John S. and Elizabeth (Williams) Davies. John S. Davies was born in Wales, and was four years of. age when brought to Cleveland by his parents. When he was twelve years of age he became identified with the steel castings business, with which he has been connected ever since, being at this time manager of the Cleveland Steel Castings Company, and a resident of Lakewood, a suburb of this city. He was married at Cleveland to Elizabeth Williams, who was born here, a daughter of Thomas Williams, who fought as a soldier during the Civil war. The Williams family is one of the oldest of the city, Mrs. Davies' grandparents, farming people and of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, having come from Pennsylvania with the old Lorenzo Carter colony of pioneers. John S. and Elizabeth Davies have two sons: Sydney Addison ; and Howard E., who is attending the Carnegie Institute of Technology. 342 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Sydney Addison Davies, is a graduate of the public schools of Lakewood, and after leaving the high school there in 1910 became a student of the Western Reserve University, remained one year in the College of Arts, and then entered Cornell University where he completed his studies. During his college career he had a brilliant record as an athlete and finally won his "C" as a member of the 'varsity football squad, although he also took an active and prominent part in other sports. When he received his degree of Bachelor of Laws, in 1915, and received admission to the bar of New York in June of that year, he returned to Cleveland, and in June, 1916, was admitted to practice before the 'bar of Ohio. Here he has since continued alone, having opened his present office in the Engineers Building August .25, 1916, and has specialized in real estate law. During his first year after leaving Cornell, Mr. Davies acted as office counsel for the Land Title Abstract and Trust Company, of which he has been general counsel for two years, in addition to which he is one of the attorneys for the Union Mortgage Company and secretary and attorney for the W. H. Randall Building Company. He also has other business interests and is president of the Mayeta County Oil Company. He is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association, and in his profession is known as a man of brilliant talents, a clean-cut, progressive representative of the younger generation of Cleveland lawyers. In political matters he is a republican, and while he is not an office seeker has shown a keen interest in the matters that affect his community, and is active in the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce. He belongs to the City Club and the Lakewood Tennis Club ; is a member of Lakewood Lodge No. 601, Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons, and of the Cornell Alumni Association, and has numerous friends in the Delta Gamma Beta of Lakewood, the Delta Upsilon Association of Northwest Ohio, and the Delta Upsilon, Cornell Chapter, in all of which he holds membership. He also belongs to Lakewood Congregational Church and is secretary of the board of trustees thereof, and, all in all, is a young man who touches and improves life on many sides. Mr. Davies was married August 4, 1917, to Miss Lula C. Hess, of East Cleveland, Ohio, daughter of D. Ray and Lula C. (Whip) Hess, Mr. Hess being a real estate and general insurance broker with offices in the Williamson Building. Mrs. Davies was born at McKeesport, Pennsylvania, graduated from Glenville High School in 1911, and then studied music at Cleveland under the instruction of Prof. Karl Reimenschneider. For several years prior to her marriage she was engaged in teaching instrumental music. CLARENCE V. LIGGETT, a member of the Cleveland bar for the past ten years, and senior member of the firm Liggett & Ryan, attorneys and counselors, with offices in the Engineers Building, has gained a successful position in the law by reliance entirely upon his own efforts and talents. He read law by himself and it is said that he was never in a law office until after he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Liggett represents one of the families who have been identified with Ohio as a place of residence for fully a century. He was born at Wooster in Wayne County, May 31, 1874, a son of Bentley and Mary (Tarrh) Liggett. The Liggetts have an interesting ancestry. His great-grandfather, George Liggett, came with three brothers from Ireland to America. and after arriving here they became separated and George never knew the whereabout or the fate of three of his brothers. He grew up near Harpers Ferry, Virginia. The grandfather of Clarence V. Liggett was also named George and was born in Virginia, and spent his early years in that state. From there he removed to Center County, Pennsylvania, and later pioneered to Holmes County, Ohio. He was one of the first settlers in the wilderness of that region and his nearest neighbor was ten miles away. Like other pioneers he occupied a humble dwelling built of logs and lived for eight years in the hills of Holmes County. This log cabin later was replaced by a more substantial frame house which is still standing in a good state of repair and is still occupied as a dwelling. Grandfather George Liggett bought his land in Holmes County from the Government in 1816, over a century ago. A patent to the land was granted him in 1830 by President Andrew Jackson. Grandfather George Liggett left the old homestead to his son, Maj. Robert W. Liggett, who died' in January, 1915, and Clarence V. Liggett has since acquired this old estate, now a splendid farm of eighty acres and associated with many memories of the family. Bentley Liggett, father of the Cleveland lawyer, was born at Nashville, Ohio, as was his wife. He is now in advanced years and has been retired from active work for the past five years though he continued diligent at his busi- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 343 ness until he was seventy-six. He and his wife now reside at Jefferson in Ashtabula County, and their home is a house of New England architecture which is nearly 100 years old. In ante helium times this house was a station on the underground railway and many slaves were kept in hiding there until they could be forwarded to freedom across the Canadian boundary. The house at Jefferson has known only two owners, the man who originally built it, and Bentley Liggett. Bentley Liggett made farming his permanent vocation in life. During the Civil war he was out for about a year in the army and had the rank of orderly sergeant. From this one locality of Ohio there were twelve brothers and cousins of the Liggett family who served as soldiers, and several of them attained high rank in the army. Bentley Liggett at one time filled the office of justice of the peace in his township and in polities is a republican. He has always been of a retiring nature, and really too much so for his own good at times. He and his wife had only two children, Clarence and Inez V. The latter died in Ashtabula County in 1900 at the age of twenty-one. Clarence finished his education in the Jefferson High School and by study at home prepared himself for the bar, to which he was admitted in 1901. He took a year of review studies in the Cleveland Law School. For several years after his admission to the bar he did not practice, but taught school instead in Ashtabula and Summit County for a year, and in 1904 came to Cleveland, where he taught in a night school. Mr. Liggett took up active practice at Cleveland in 1907, practicing for three years in office with Matthews & Orgill, and then for four years with Judge Wing. Since then he has been in practice as a partner with Timothy A. Ryan and the firm of Liggett & Ryan now command a large general practice. Mr. Liggett is not active in partisan politics, and casts his vote and gives his support to the best man. He is affiliated with Viola Tent No. 294 of the Knights of the Maccabees, and belongs to the Cleveland and State Bar associations, and is a member of the Cleveland City Club. Outside of his law business be finds his chief hobby in reading and association with good books. February 23, 1907, at Cleveland, he married Miss Mary E. Townhill. She was born at Sheffield, England, and was brought to America at the age of eight years. Her father was the late Robert E. Townhill, a railroad engineer. Her mother is still living at Cleveland. She was educated in the Cleveland public schools and for several years taught in Ashtabula County. Mr. and Mrs. Liggett have three children : Vivian E., Robert G. and Genevieve E., all of whom were born in Cleveland. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN HOPKINS is a Cleveland business man of many associations, being vice president of The Grant Motor Car Corporation, president of The Grant Truck Sales Company, secretary of The Belt & Terminal Realty Company, secretary and treasurer of The Hopkins Holding Company, secretary and treasurer of The Columbia Axle Company, director of The Cleveland Underground Rapid Transit Railroad Company, and director of The Republic Motor Sales Company. Mr. Hopkins for a number of years found his chief work in the building of railroads. He was one of the promoters of the Belt Line Railway at Cleveland. Mr. Hopkins was born at Cleveland, June 13, 1876, son of David J. and Mary (Jeffreys) Hopkins. He is a brother of the prominent Cleveland lawyers, William R. Hopkins and Evan Henry Hopkins. He was educated in the Cleveland public schools including Central High School, attended Western Reserve Academy and Adelbert College of Western Reserve University. Mr. Hopkins is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Clifton Club, Cleveland Engineering Society, is a Knight Templar Mason and Shriner and a member of Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. June 5, 1912, at Hot Springs, Arkansas, he married Miss Evelyn Brooks Lower. They have one child, David Jeffreys Hopkins. JUDGE SIMPSON STEPHEN FORD has earned a high place in his profession and in the public life of Cleveland, where he has been a resident lawyer for over thirty years. Members of the bar give him their particular esteem for the dignity and impartiality with which he presided over the court of Common Pleas for so many years. Judge Ford was born at Richmond in Jefferson County, Ohio, October 7, 1854, a son of William and Eliza J. Ford. Judge Ford comes of the same family stock as Henry Ford, the great automobile manufacturer of Detroit, and there is considerable personal resemblance between the two men. In early life Judge Ford distinguished himself as a student. He took his higher literary CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 345 education in that splendid small college of Pennsylvania, Allegheny College at Meadville, where he was graduated in 1881. He was class orator and was also elected a member of the honorary college fraternity Phi Beta Kappa. He was a school teacher at eighteen, and for two years after leaving college taught mathematics and English. In the meantime he read law and was admitted to the bar in 1884. He carried on a private practice at Cleveland without interruption of outside interests until 1892, when he was elected the first president of the board of education of the city under the federal plan. He served four years as a member and president two terms. He then entered the law department of the city as second assistant corporation counsel, and in 1896 was promoted to first assistant city solicitor, an office he held until 1898. In 1899 he was elected judge of the Common Pleas Court, and by re-election in 1904 served on that bench from 1900 to 1912. Since leaving the bench he has resumed his private practice and has offices in the Society for Savings Building. Judge Ford is a member of the board of trustees of Allegheny College, his alma mater. He is president of the Guarantee State Savings and Loan Company, vice president of the Stecker-Overlook Land Company, president of the Rapid Transit Land Company, director in the Cleveland-Belmont Coal Company, a member of the Tippecanoe Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Colonial Club, and a member of the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity. He was married October 5, 1887, to Miss Altai M. Scott. They have one son, William Harold. HENRY ALFRED ROCKER is not only a successful Cleveland lawyer but has been the moving spirit in building up and developing the Jewish World of Cleveland, the only daily Jewish paper published between Chicago and New York. Mr. Rocker was born on a farm in the Province of Saros in Hungary, September 17, 1882, a son of Samuel and Hannah (Friedman) Rocker. His father was a native of the Town of Gorlice in Austria, This town as a result of the war has now been wiped off the map. The mother was a native of Hungary. Henry A. Rocker was brought to the United States when twelve years of age by his mother. His father had preceded the family about four years. Henry A. Rocker arrived in Cleveland in September, 1894. At the age of fourteen he left school and apprenticed himself to the printer's trade at $4 a week. In February, 1898, then only sixteen years of age, he borrowed $20 from his father, secured some type and a small press, and set himself up in the job printing business. That printing shop has a more than ordinary interest to Cleveland people, since out of it grew what is today the Jewish World, the first and only daily paper published in the Middle West in the Hebrew language, and one of the largest and most influential papers of the kind in the country. It was in 1908 that Mr. Rocker organized the company to publish this paper and in 1913 he organized The Rocker Publishing Company, which took over the publication. It is published both at Cleveland and in Cincinnati, and Mr. Rocker is secretary and treasurer of the company, while his father is president of the company and editor of the paper. Throughout his career Mr. Rocker has been very active among the Jewish people and also in civic affairs generally in Cleveland. He gained admission to the bar by study under private tutors and by attending the Central Institute, and still later the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace College, from which he received his degree LL. B. with the class of 1907. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in June of that year and at once began practice. Mr. Rocker was in practice alone for ten years, but in June, 1917, became associated with Benjamin 'H. Schwartz under the firm name of Rocker & Schwartz, and they maintain well equipped offices in the Engineers Building, and have a splendid general law practice. Mr. Rocker has taken an interested part in city affairs and is a republican in national politics. He was a candidate on the republican ticket for the Legislature in 1910 and in 1912 his name was on the progressive ticket for the same office. He is affiliated with Forest City Lodge No. 388, Free and Accepted Masons, Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons, Al Sirat Grotto No. 17 of Master Masons, Owatonna Lodge of Knights of Pythias, and is a member of Benedict Spinoza Lodge No. 92, Order of Knights of Joseph and a member of the executive council of the Grand Lodge. He belongs to the Cleveland Independent Aid Society, the Cleveland Bar Association, Ohio State Bar Association, and the City Club and the Civic League. He is an ardent follower CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 345 of baseball, and that constitutes his chief recreation aside from business. December 1, 1907, Mr. Rocker married Miss Sadie Hollander, a native of New York City, but reared and educated in Cleveland. She is a graduate of the Central High School. Her parents, Benjamin and Bertha Hollander, are living retired at Cleveland. Mrs. Rocker is active in the Council of Jewish Women and a member of the Jewish Infants Home. Their three children, all born at Cleveland, are Mendel M., Frances L. and Elmer E. The family home is at 2185 East 73rd Street. COL. DANIEL H. POND is one of the interesting men and valuable citizens of Cleveland. He is one of the few civilians who, during the peaceful times of the last generation, have taken pains and interest to equip themselves with a thorough technical and practical knowledge of military affairs, and his title is by no means an honorary one, but stands for active service in the regular army, in the Ohio National Guard and in the new National army. Colonel Pond is also prominent in business affairs, and for many years has been actively and officially identified with The Economy Building & Loan Company, besides various other business and social organizations. Colonel Pond was born at Petroleum Center, Pennsylvania, March 11, 1870, son of Henry H. and Mary Maria (Gates) Pond, and is a descendant of one of the early New England families, the genealogical record being traced as follows : The first official record of the Pond family is found in the archives of Windsor, Connecticut, wherein is recorded the fact that one Samuel Pond was married November 14, 1642. There is no official record that the Samuel Pond of the second generation, who was born on March 4, 1648, was the son of the first Samuel Pond, but historians and biographers are of the opinion that the second Samuel Pond was the son of the first Samuel Pond as above noted. First Generation-Samuel Pond, married at Windsor, Connecticut, November 14, 1642. Second Generation-Samuel Pond, born March 4, 1648, took the Freeman's oath at Hartford, Connecticut, in 1672, as from Branford, Connecticut. Third Generation-Samuel Pond, born July 1, 1679, at Branford, Connecticut. Fourth Generation-Philip Pond, born June 15, 1706, at Branford, Connecticut. The Patriarch. Fifth Generation-Dan Pond, born March 4, 1726,. at Branford, Connecticut, moved to Poultny, Rutland County, Vermont, where he settled on what is known to this day as Ponds Hill and from this sire and from Ponds Hill is where the Pond family got a real start, as fifteen children were born on Ponds Hill. Sixth Generation-Abel Pond, born October 27, 1753, settled in Lennox, Berkshire County, Massachusetts. He died in Poultny Flats, Rutland County, Vermont. A Revolutionary war soldier. Seventh Generation-Joel Anders, born May 9, 1807, at Poultny, Vermont, moved to Randolph, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, thence to Townville, Pennsylvania, where he died. Eighth Generation-Henry H. Pond, born June 6, 1844, at Steuben, Crawford County, Pennsylvania, a practitioner physician at Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he died February 24, 1877. Married Mary Maria Gates, September 9, 1867. The early education of Colonel Pond was acquired in the public schools of Bristolville, Ohio, but in 1882 he came to Cleveland with his mother and was a student in the local public schools for two years. At the age of fifteen he entered the preparatory school of Allegheny. College, at Meadville, Pennsylvania, and remained there two years. This school, while in general a preparatory institution for Allegheny College, was also conducted on the military plan, and it was there that Colonel Pond received his first military training and instruction. After his return to Cleveland he was for two years purchasing agent and salesman with The Cleveland Baking Company, and then gave up business altogether for one year during which he served a period of enlistment as a private in Company G of the Seventh United States Cavalry. On leaving the army he was clerk with the Adams Express Company and later had a run as messenger between Cleveland and Pittsburgh for two years. From that he engaged in the real estate and fire insurance business as member of the firm Ferguson & Pond. In 1894 Colonel Pond became vice president and general manager of The Economy Building & Loan Company, of which O. J. Hodge was president and Colonel Pond's brother, H. W. Pond, secretary and treasurer. The treasurer of the company since 1902 has been H. C. Wick. Upon the death of Mr. Hodge in 1911 346 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Colonel Pond succeeded him as president and general manager. Recently the Cleveland News had an interesting article on the general work and character of The Economy Building & Loan Company and because of the company's importance as a Cleveland institution and because of the active relationship of Colonel Pond with its work, it is appropriate to quote something of what the article said : "Before Ohio laws took such drastic control of the loan situation, Colonel D. H. Pond and his associates in the Economy Building & Loan Company had started a movement which resulted in the Ohio Association of Remedial Loan Men. This association had for its object the ending of ruinous loan terms and the lending of money to those who needed it without the necessity of surrendering self respect and soul. This remedial association has been instrumental in placing on the Ohio Statute books laws which controlled the loan sharks who have remained in) business, and laws which have forced many out of business. "From its inception the Economy Building & Loan Company has been of that class of loan associations which aimed to make a fair profit and charge a just rate consistent with the risk involved. Colonel Pond points with pride to a long list of firm friends made through the fair methods of his concern. There are a number of men and women in Cleveland who have been pulled out of despondency and discouragement and started with new encouragement through the assistance rendered them by the Economy. This company is chartered to make loans on chattels and is one of the few in the state which also is authorized to make loans on real estate and to receive deposits. In fact its building and loan deposits have been increasing for a number of years and have been another means by which the door of independence has been opened to many men and women through use of the key of thrift. Colonel Pond and his associates have also constituted themselves friendly advisers to many individuals who have been the victims of their own carelessness and loose methods in handling and conserving their incomes. In these and many other ways Colonel Pond and his associates have been able to make the Economy an institution of real merit in Cleveland life." Colonel Pond is also vice president of the Ohio Forge Company. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, Automobile Club, City Club, Army and Navy Club, Military Order of Foreign Wars. He is a strong prohibitionist though nominally allied as a republican voter, and is a member of the Methodist Church. His detailed military record is briefly as follows : Private Company G, Seventh United States Cavalry ; private Company I, Fifth Infantry, Ohio National Guard, September, 1890; sergeant, November 20, 1890 ; sergeant major, October 20, 1891; first lieutenant Company K, Fifth Infantry, August 3, 1892; captain, December 10, 1894 ; lieutenant, senior grade, Ohio Naval Brigade, February 2, 1897 ; captain Company C, Fifth Infantry, Ohio National Guard, April 23, 1898; lieutenant colonel Fifth Infantry, Ohio National Guard, August 15, 1899. He was put on the retired list May 19, 1902, but January 20, 1917, returned to the active list (by par. 3 s. o. 30 A. G. O.). During 1917 Colonel Pond served on the observation detail on the Mexican border. During his earlier active service he was a commanding officer during the period of the Spanish-American war, and of his military duty within the state some of the chief incidents were in connection with labor troubles in the Massillon coal district, the Brown Hoist, the Berea quarries and street railway and protection of property during labor difficulties. Colonel Pond married at Cleveland, April 17, 1891, Ola Clark. His only son, Ralph Herbert, aged twenty-four, is a graduate of the grammar and high schools and of the mining engineering course of the Case School of Applied Science. He is now employed as chemist for the Ohio Forge Company. CAPT. GEORGE A. MCKAY. A resident of Cleveland almost seventy-five years, a veteran of the railway service and also a local employe of the Federal Government, the late Capt. George A. McKay was doubtless most widely known for his brilliant record as a soldier and officer in the Union army and for the influential part he took in association with and in behalf of many patriotic and Grand Army enterprises at Cleveland after the war. Few men live their lives so strenuously and to such good purpose as did the late Captain McKay. He was born at Oswego, New York, June 16, 1841, and died in Cleveland, January 28, 1917. His parents moved to this city when he was an infant, and he was educated in the grammar and high schools and took a special collegiate course. Among his classmates as a boy at Cleveland were John D. Rockefeller and M. A. Hanna. On finishing his education he entered the service of what is now the Big Four and Lake CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 347 Shore & Michigan Southern Railways, and was employed in a clerical capacity until the breaking out of the War of the Rebellion in 1861. He was one of the first to respond to the call for three months troops.. He had already been a private in the Cleveland Light Guard Zouaves, and he was mustered into the service of the Federal Government in what afterwards became Company A of the Seventh Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry. During the three months service he was appointed second sergeant. At Camp Dennison he re-enlisted for three years in the same regiment, and his courage and soldierly qualifications brought him rapid promotion, so that he served as orderly sergeant, second lieutenant, first lieutenant and captain in that regiment, and subsequently was transferred to the staff as assistant inspector general, continuing in that capacity until he left the service. A brief reference to the battles in which he partidipated shows that he was in some of the hardest fighting of the entire war. These battles were Cross Lanes, Winchester, Port Republic, Cedar Mountain, Second Bull Run campaign, Dumfries and Chaneellorsville, Virginia ; Antietam, Maryland ; Gettysburg, Pennsylvania; Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge, Tennessee; and Ringgold, Georgia. It is said that he was present in seventeen major battles, and he was wounded nine times in six of them. He was present in every engagement, skirmish and march of the regiment until dangerously wounded through both legs at Ringgold, Georgia. The incident of his service which has been told most frequently was when he bore the order that took the First Brigade, Second Division, Twelfth Army Corps, into the unfortunate charge on Taylor's Ridge at Ringgold. Col. W. R. Creighton, commanding the brigade, notified him that as he had delivered the order he would have to see it executed. He did so, and went with the regiment until wounded in the manner above noted. Creighton, turning to his brigade, said: "I expect to see you roosters walk right over that ridge," and was answered by Capt. E. H. Bohm, commanding Company I, "Colonel, we can but try." They tried, but failed, although they did all that brave men could do to succeed. He was mustered out of the service at the expiration of his second term of enlistment July 6, 1864, although unable to walk on account of his wounds. When they were healed sufficiently so he could perform any work, he. re-entered the service of the railways that had employed him at the breaking out of the war, and continued with them, faithful and diligent in all matters entrusted to his performance, for a period of nearly thirty years altogether. After March 5, 1890, Captain McKay was employed in the United States Custom service. The general testimony of. his comrades is that he was a thoroughly brave, energetic and capable officer and soldier. His record of military service in the war shows that all promotions were for conspicuous bravery in the face of the enemy or for meritorious service. In the fifty years after the close of the war he devoted much of his time in the interest of the welfare of the widows and orphans of the soldiers and sailors of Cuyahoga County. He was several tithes appointed president of the Memorial Day services in the City of Cleveland and repeatedly served as Commander or adjutant general of the Memorial Day parades. A thing that gave him much pride was the fact that he was selected as Commander of the Grant Boys in Blue at the time General Grant ran for president. Under him in this volunteer organization were more than 10,000 veterans of the Civil war, all of them boosting the candidacy of General Grant. A large delegation of the old soldiers were taken by him to Philadelphia to participate in a big rally there in favor of their old commander. By his comrades of the Seventh Regiment he was known as "The Royal American." He had the honor, love and respect of all the old soldiers of Cuyahoga County. In the history of the Seventh Regiment the Historian has devoted a paragraph particularly to him which indicates a little of the respect he was held in by this regiment. The paragraph is as follows: "Captain George A. McKay, who with his marked ability as a military critic and writer is peculiarly well qualified to write to the days when we marched and fought and successfully bore the Stars and Stripes through many states, as witness his highly interesting articles covering Pope's retreat from Culpepper, Second Bull Run and Antietam as well as the transfer of the Eleventh and Twelfth Corps from the Rapidan to Chattanooga, and the eminently successful battles of Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge and Ringgold, where this gallant officer was torn and mangled upon the field of battle and made a cripple for life. He also complied many of the personal sketches of officers and men found herein, and has shown him- 348 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS self to be as efficient and helpful in time of peace as he was faithful, brave and true in time of war." A very touching letter was received by the widow at the time of his death, in which appeared the following: "As I think you know, I have admired for years his great personal worth and his flaming devotion to his country —his courage in battle and his modesty. Death can do nothing to such a man. Long ago he had lived his life beyond its power to injure or detract." Captain McKay was proud that he was one of the original thirty that organized the Grand Army of the Republic of Ohio. He was one of the founders of Memorial Post, Grand Army of the Republic, a member of the Soldiers and Sailors Relief Commission and the Loyal Legion, and was a member of the commission responsible for the soldiers and sailors monument on the Public Square. Some of his happiest associations came from his membership in the Old Settlers Association. He enjoyed the acquaintance of all the early settlers of Cuyahoga County, having lived in Cleveland since it was a town of 6,000 or 7,000 inhabitants. December 20, 1865, Captain McKay married Miss Margaret Adam Creech, who survives him. Five children were born to their union, and the three now living are Addison Hills, Edward Creighton, and John Howard McKay. EDWARD CREIGHTON MCKAY, a son of the late Capt. George A. McKay of Cleveland and Margaret Adam (Creech) McKay, has played a successful and important role in Cleveland, first in the development and management of several industries, and latterly as a real estate man. He was born in Cleveland November 19, 1876, was educated in the public schools, and after graduating from the Central High School entered the employ of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce under Ryerson Ritchie, who was then its secretary. He was with the Chamber of Commerce four years and during that time profited by his position in gaining a close insight into the business organization and acquaintance with business men. When Mr. Ritchie organized The American Trust Company he went with his old employer. The American Trust Company has since been merged with The Citizens Savings & Trust Company. When Mr. Ritchie left the bank, Mr. McKay became chief clerk of the local office of the Carnegie Steel Company and later held the position of chief clerk and local auditor with The United States Steel Corporation. He was in this office during the period that Andrew Carnegie acquired the great iron ore mines and transportation facilities on the Great Lakes. In 1901 he left the steel corporation to become secretary and treasurer of the Ohio Rubber Company and was with that firm three years, or until selling out his interest. He then became principal owner of the business conducted under the name of the Bodifield Belting Company. In the three years time increased the business of this company nearly ten times. In 1909 he withdrew from this business to devote his time exclusively to real estate, immediately specializing in downtown and ninety-nine-year leases, also railroad and factory sites. He practically secured under option all the property for the new terminal being promoted by 0. P. & M. J. Van Sweringen in .the territory from the Public Square to East Ninth Street, Hill Street and between Ontario and West Third streets. Rather a remarkable thing in connection with the real estate business he devoted nearly all his time to buying and optioning property for others. Very seldom offered any property for sale. He has clienteles who are familiar with his ability to tactfully option property. Due to his wide experience and his keen sense of values he has been able to have satisfied clients. One of his favorite expressions is "Property bought right is half sold." He believes that it takes an entirely different character of real estate man to buy than it does to sell, and that sooner or later the buying public will realize this and when in the market to buy will turn this class of work over to a specialist. Since the beginning of the World war Mr. McKay has been very much interested in military affairs. He is a member of the old Gatling Gun Battery and for two years a member of the Naval Reserve. It has been his good fortune to meet many foreign as well as American officers. As a result he is practically conducting a military business under his own name, publishing the following books : "Machine Gun Fire Control," by Maj. Glenn P. Wilhelm of the Regular Army ; "Military Map Reading and Intelligence Training," by Capt. C. D. A. Barber, C. E. F., and "The New Platoon Instructor," by Capt. T. H. Gillman, C. E. F. ; Milometer ballistic slide rule designed by Maj. Glenn P. Wilhelm for calculating all problems in triangulation where United States service ammunition is used. Re- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 349 eently he received a letter from. Col. James H. Parker of the One Hundred and Second Infantry, A. E. F., regarding the foregoing books and tools, an extract of which is as follows : "There is no text book published that begins to compare with Captain Wilhelm's book on the 'Machine Gun Fire Control,' and I have not seen any platoon instructor as good as Gillman's. 'The Military Map Reading' is by far better than anything else I have ever seen and it brings down to date a lot of valuable information which is not collected in any other book. These four items of equipment should be in the possession of every officer of infantry. When their contents are mastered by a young officer his military training needs only experience to make it complete. You are welcome to use this comment and I trust that your distribution of the equipment mentioned may be entirely successful." In addition to the publishing of books he is producing a tool called the Bowen sighting disc to teach raw recruits how to shoot. Major Brookhart, assistant chief instructor of rifle practice in the United States Army has stated that he has trained over two thousand instructors for the army with the use of this tool. There is a book of instructions which goes with the tool. It might be of interest to state that in this book there is introduced a new low position of firing for sharp shooters and snipers which is much lower than the present American position. Recently Mr. McKay has produced a tool designed by Maj. Glenn P. Wilhelm of the Regular Army called the True North Finder for getting the true north instead of the magnetic north. A very interesting booklet accompanies this tool. In addition Mr. McKay is also producing a very complete line of protractors for the use of all branches of the service. These are produced in celluloid. There are two designs of round protractor eight inches in diameter for the use of infantry and machine gunners; one semi-circular for the same purpose and one semi-circular for the use of artillery. Mr. McKay recently submitted for the marines a design of artillery protractor which undoubtedly will be accepted by that branch of the service. In addition to that he has been requested by the machine gun section of the army to submit a design for protractor for teaching the raw recruits the mil system of angular measurement. He believes that he will secure the work of producing this tool. It might be of interest to state that the milometer slide rule which he is delivering to the army in this country and France will do all the mil scale rule will do ; all any fire control computing slide will do and more, and the milometer can be used equally as well as mil scale, a protractor or slopeboard. It has nine or ten exclusive features that no other known rule has. This rule will mechanically figure range, angles, determine widths, calculate any sight setting or elevation for direct fire, indirect fire, searching fire, combined sights, overhead control and map problems. Will also convert the metric system to English and vice versa. Mr. McKay has been working on a loader for the Lewis machine gun for over a year and finally after working and developing some foreign models which proved unsatisfactory he acquired the interest in a loader designed by Frank M. Case of this city, which has been developed successfully, and in test before United States and British governments have broken all records for loading ammunition into the pans, equally as well from boxes, clips or by hand. This machine unloads the pans as well as loads them. The machine can be attached in a moment to a flat surface or box or caisson or can be screwed to flat surface. It can be dismantled quickly and put in small box container. Colonel Applin of the British War Mission in this country has given his recommendation to the British Government to adopt this machine. He is expecting orders from the navy department of United States Government, and in the event the Lewis gun is used for ground service by the army will undoubtedly receive orders. Mr. McKay served as deputy United States marshal in registering alien enemies in Northern District of Ohio. He is a member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board and of the Loyal Legions. On June 20, 1905, he married Miss Louise Patten of Plainfield, New Jersey. They have two daughters, Margaret and Louise. HENRY T. HARRISON. The field of professional opportunity has undoubtedly widened in modern days, but required proficiency has kept pace with it and seldom may be found men in responsible positions with firms of importance in the 'business world, who are not highly trained and thoroughly experienced in their line. As a well known example substantiating this statement, mention may be made of Henry T. Harrison, who is general manager