350 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of the prominent firm of The McKinney Steel Co., at Cleveland. Henry T. Harrison is a native of Michigan, and was born July 26, 1872, at St. Louis, in Gratiot County. His parents were Stewart and Mary Harrison. His father was born December 21, 1832, at Smith Falls, Ontario,. Canada, and died at Cleveland, Ohio, June 7, 1910. He was married at St. Louis, Michigan, to Mary Wooley and two of their children survive : Mrs. Nettie Fielding, who resides at El Paso, Texas, and Henry T. Harrison of Cleveland. Stewart Harrison remained assisting his father on the Canadian farm until 1861, when he came to Cleveland and embarked in a saddlery business which he continued after moving to St. Louis, Michigan, and remained in business there until 1878. He then moved on a farm in Gratiot County, near St. Louis, on which he lived until 1909, when he retired and returned to Cleveland. He was a man of sterling character and was held in high esteem wherever he lived. Henry T. Harrison was educated primarily in the public schools and in 1892 was graduated with credit from the St. Louis High School, after which for one year he taught school in Isabella County, Michigan, this being but a helpful step in preparing for a university course, and in 1897 he was graduated from the University of Michigan with the degrees of B. S. and E. E. His first serious work was done in installing a power plant on the campus of the University of Michigan, a contract that required a year of his time and professional skill. Mr. Harrison then came to Cleveland and entered the firm of Wellman, Seaver, Morgan & Company as a draftsman, where he remained for a year and a half, in this connection having fine opportunities for adding to his professional knowledge, which was also the case during the time he was identified with several other big commercial concerns, for one year being chief draftsman with the Osborne Engineering Company, and two years as draftsman with the American Steel and Wire Company. Mr. Harrison then went as engineer and checker with the Garrett-Cromwell Engineering Company, where he remained eighteen months and then returned to the Osborne Engineering Company, as mechanical and electrical engineer, and continued with that concern for the succeeding six years. Mr. Harrison by that time had made an engineering name for himself that made him very valuable and the firm of Corrigan, McKinney and Company sought him as their chief engineer and he has continued with this firm ever since. His standing is high among business men and equally so with men of his profession and his membership is valued in the Cleveland Engineering Society and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. Mr. Harrison was married at Grand Rapids, Michigan, on May 17, 1899, to Miss Regina Tyroler, and they have two children, Virginia, who is nine years old, is a pupil in the Laurel School for Girls, Cleveland, and Henry Stuart, a sturdy boy of seven years, who is attending the public school. Mr. Harrison and his family attend the Second Presbyterian Church and assist in its benevolent and charitable activities. Although he has never identified himself definitely with either of the great political parties of the country, Mr. Harrison is a wide awake, interested citizen and at no time has failed to do his duty either locally or farther afield. He is prominent in Masonry, having taken the Scottish Rite degrees and is a Shriner, and he belongs to such substantial and well recognized social bodies as the Cleveland Athletic and the Shaker Heights Country clubs. BERNARD THOMAS DUFFEY. Among Cleveland insurance men is Bernard Thomas Duffey, who represents the Royal Insurance Company, Limited, of Liverpool, England, as Ohio State agent. Mr. Duffey is a veteran worker in the field of insurance, having taken up the business when a boy just out of high school. He has been a resident of Cleveland more or less continuously since 1898, and has been for eighteen years with the Royal Insurance Company, Limited. Mr. Duffey was born at Rockford, Illinois, July 5, 1869, a son of Bernard and Ellen (Moran) Duffey. Both parents were natives of Ireland. The families on coming to America settled, the Duffeys in Sandusky, Ohio, and the Morans in Rockford, Illinois. Bernard Duffey in early youth became an employe of the wholesale grocery firm of David Brown & Company, and when that business was transferred to Rockford, Illinois, he went along with it and remained in the service of the company for a number of years. He finally opened and conducted a retail grocery store in Rockford for himself, but his promising career was cut short by his death at the age of thirty-one at Rockford in 1870. He married after going to Rockford Miss Moran, who also died CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 351 in that city in 1910 at the age of sixty-nine. They had four children : William, who died at Rockford in 1913; Lillian, living at Rockford; Margaret, who died at Rockford in 1892, at the age of twenty-three; and Bernard Thomas. Bernard Thomas Duffey was only a year old when his father died. He grew up in the home of his widowed mother at Rockford, attended the public schools, and in 1887 graduated from high school. He was then eighteen years of age, and two days after his graduation he accepted an opportunity to earn a living and also learn a business in the insurance office of the Rockford Fire Insurance Company. He remained with this company for thirteen years. While representing the Rockford Fire Insurance Company he first came to Cleveland in 1898 as special agent, and remained here until 1900 when he was appointed state agent for Michigan of the Royal Insurance Company, Limited, of Liverpool. His headquarters as Michigan state agent were at Detroit, but in 1903 he was also honored with the additional responsibilities of state agent for Ohio, and his headquarters were changed to Cleveland. Then in 1905 he returned to Detroit, where he had his business headquarters until January 1, 1911, since which date he has again been in. Cleveland. Mr. Duffey was state agent for both Michigan and Ohio from 1903 to 1911, and on giving up his. Michigan territory he took in addition to the state agency for Ohio the immediate management of the Cleveland local business. Mr. Duffey, whose offices are in the Plain Dealer Building, is also state agent of Ohio for the Newark Fire Insurance Company of Newark, New Jersey, and is a director of The American National Fire Insurance Company of Columbus, Ohio. He is a member of the Cleveland Fire Insurance Exchange and the Ohio Underwriters Field Club. Outside of his immediate business he has active connections as member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Civic League, Exchange Club, Cleveland Athletic Club and Cleveland Automobile Club. Mr. Duffey by a former marriage has a son, Bernard T. Duffey, Jr., who is now an attorney at Cleveland. The senior and junior Duffey were students together in the law course of the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace College, and both were given their degrees LL. B. with the class of 1915. While the elder Duffey has utilized his knowledge of law only for the better handling of his Vol. II—23 business as an insurance man, the younger Duffey is now successfully established in practice with A. F. Ingersoll in the Engineers Building, under the firm name of Ingersoll & Duffey. On June 8, 1910, at Chicago Mr. Duffey married Miss Bertha H. Nye, daughter of Anthony and Bridget (Kearns) Nye. Mrs. Duffey was born in San Francisco, California; and was a small child when the death of her parents left her an orphan. She was educated in San Francisco, but at the age of nine went to Chicago and completed her training in a convent school. Mr. and Mrs. Duffey have four children, all born at Cleveland, named Jack Nye, Bernadine, Betty Marie and Donald Kearns. ALEXANDER S. KRAUS. Now successfully, established as a lawyer, with influential connections in business and public affairs, Alexander S. Kraus has made his own way in life, and was a young man of considerable achievement even while in college. He was born in Cleveland, June 24, 1884, a son of Ferdinand F. and Lena (Koblitz) Kraus, both of whom are still living in Cleveland. His mother was born in Cleveland of German parentage, while his father was born in Bohemia, Austria, and when about twenty years of age came to the United States with his brothers. The parents were married in Cleveland, the ceremony being performed by Dr. Aaron Hahn. Ferdinand Kraus gave his principal active service to organizing and promoting various branches of the lumber and manufacturing business. He was the organizer of the Cleveland Pearl Button Works. Since.1914 he has been retired. Alexander S. Kraus, who was the oldest child and only son of four, was educated in the public schools, graduating from the East High School in 1904. While his ambition was to secure a liberal education and enter the legal profession there were certain financial difficulties in the way which he had to overcome. His business enterprise gave him the key to the situation. While a student in the law department of Western Reserve University he conducted two stores in the gas and electric fixture business, located on St. Clair Street and Lorain Avenue. This business was known as the Kraus Light & Fixture Company, and besides looking after both stores he carried very heavy work in the School of Law. He graduated LL. B. from Western Reserve in 1907, and subsequently 352 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS pursued a six months post-graduate course in the Baldwin-Wallace University, and was given a similar degree by that institution in June, 1908. He was admitted to the Ohio bar December 18, 1907, and he soon afterwards sold out his business and took up the practice of law with Judge Sanford Silbert under the firm name Silbert & Kraus. Their offices were in the Williamson Building. After two years Mr. Kraus joined Richard E. McMasters in business, their firm name being Kraus & McMasters, with offices in the Williamson Building. In March, 1917, Noah S. Good became a partner, the style being changed to Kraus, McMasters & Good. In the same month they removed to a suite of offices in the newly opened Guardian Building, where they are still located. Mr. Kraus was admitted to practice in the United States District Courts on March 23, 1917. He is a lawyer of unusual accomplishment, speaks several languages fluently, and among other interests enjoys a fine private library. He is a director of the Du-More Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, and is secretary and general manager and counsel of the People's Mortgage Company. In politics he is an active republican, and has been on the party ticket for the State Legislature and the State Senate. He now gives much of his time to the benefit of the East End Chamber of Commerce of Cleveland, of which he is a director. While in college and high school he was noted as an all-round athlete, and his principal sport now is bowling. He is a member of the Cleveland Independent Aid Society and the Cleveland Bar Association. His home is at 10107 Parmelee Avenue. September 27, 1910, in Cleveland he married Miss Ida E. Kramer. Her mother is Mrs. Bertha Kramer of Cleveland. Mrs. Kraus was born in this city, and is an accomplished vocalist, and finished her education in Eliza Warren's School of Expression. She gives considerable time to the benefit of the Orphans Aid Society of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Kraus have two children, both born in Cleveland, Bertram S. and Lorna R. THE CLEVELAND TELEPIIONE COMPANY. In 1876 in Boston Alexander Graham Bell, a Scotchman, and at the time a teacher of elocution in that city, after many months of patient experimentation with a wire, a magnet and a clock spring reed, produced a crude toy that conveyed the words of human speech from one room to another. This was the birth of the telephone. A few weeks later the device was placed on exhibition at the Philadelphia Centennial, but it was not until near the close of the Centennial that it attracted any notice. The first "Exchange" was set up in Boston in May, 1877, and as late as 1879 the telephone directory of New York City was a small card showing only 250 names. The average person seldom stops to consider just how much the telephone means as an implement of modern life. The business man reaches for his telephone and calls a party a thousand miles away with as little concern as calling the office boy from the next room. The housewife orders the daily provisions and makes her social engagements by telephone in a matter of fact way as though this helpful little instrument had always been a part of the household. The modern newspaper man spends much of his time with the telephone at his ear. The veterans of the game recall a time not far distant when a good pair of legs was an absolute necessity to the successful news gatherer. Abraham Lincoln and most of his contemporaries and men who lived for a dozen years after his death knew nothing of the telephone. It was thirty-eight years ago that the telephone made its official bow to the Cleveland public, being a side issue in connection with the Western Union Telephone Company. E. P. Wright, who was then superintendent of the Western Union, opened the first telephone office in .a room in the Board of Trade Building on Water Street, which is now West Ninth Street. In his spare time he succeeded in interesting seventy-six Cleveland business men in the "new speaking telegraph," as it was then generally designated. Wires were strung, mostly from roof to roof, and a new era of communication was inaugurated in Cleveland. The public had but to look up in the air at tne number of wires to determine whether the business was growing; for telephone cables either aerial or underground, were unknown equipment. From the Water Street location the telephone office was moved to the attic floor of a building on Superior Street where all the telephone wires entered the building through a tower on the roof. The business continued to grow, poles appeared on all the leading thoroughfares, and in 1888 another move was necessary. The company took up its abode in CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 353 a building at the northwest corner of Seneca and Michigan streets, now West Third and Prospect respectively. This location is diagonally across from the present main office building, into which the company moved in January, 1898. This last move gave the public what is termed a central energy system, and it was no longer necessary to turn a crank on the side of the telephone in order to signal the operator. Also the mussy batteries at the subscribers' telephones were replaced by large storage cells at the central office. The latest and most approved type of switchboard was installed but the telephone art is a progressive one and this board, considered a wonder in its day, has since been replaced by a later type switchboard that completely overshadows its predecessor in mechanical efficiency. The history of the Cleveland Telephone Company is a story of uninterrupted progress from the beginning. Being an integral part of the industrial, commercial and social life of the community, it is probably a better barometer of the steady advancement of the city than any other medium. As a means of communication, the telephone has been absolutely essential to Cleveland's welfare. The modern office building would be as impossible without the telephone as without elevators. From the meager beginning of seventy-six telephones in 1879, the business of the Cleveland Bell Telephone Company has increased to practically 100,000 telephones, caring for Cleveland and all Cuyahoga County. From the small room on Water Street, the expansion has continued until today the company owns eleven large modern fireproof operating buildings, two construction, supply and garage headquarters, and has rented quarters in the Engineers Building, the Arcade Building, the East Forty-sixth Street Market Building. and the Ainsfield Building. It has 3,500 employes, 1,800 of whom are telephone operators, and it pays $1,500,000 a year in salaries and wages to Cleveland people. Not so many years ago 1,000 calls per day was considered a heavy traffic load. Nov this busy organization cares for as high as 725,000 calls in one day. During the two-year period, 1915-17, the growth has been the most phenomenal in the history of the company. To care for a net gain of 23,900 telephones would have been a big problem in itself, but in addition to this the abnormal business conditions brought about an increase of 60 per cent in the traffic load. To meet these conditions, one entirely new exchange building was constructed, 100 per cent additions were made to two of the largest exchange buildings, and 50 per cent additions were made to four other large exchange buildings. In the exchange buildings 172 additional switchboard sections were put into service. With the coming of the lead sheathed cable, the Cleveland Telephone Company started an active campaign to replace the heavy wire pole leads with either aerial or underground cable, and today there are 225,000 miles of underground wire and 60,000 miles of aerial wire, three-fourths of the latter being in aerial cable. An important period in the earlier days of the Cleveland company was the introduction of long distance service. This gave the local business a tremendous impetus and one new central office followed another in quick succession. The first long distance company was known as the Midland Company and long distance service was known as "Extra Territorial." The Cleveland Telephone Company is now an associated company of the American Telephone and Telegraph Company, giving its subscribers access to 10,000,000 telephones distributed over the entire country and extending into Canada and Mexico. Four thousand long distance messages are handled. each day in Cleveland by a force of more than 350 operators. Throughout the life of the Cleveland Telephone Company it has not only been a leader in making constructive improvements in its own business, but its officials have invariably been found in the forefront of important industrial and civic movements. Whether it be a Federated Charities campaign, a Red Cross campaign, or a Liberty Bond campaign, the officials and organization of the Cleveland Telephone Company have been found taking an active part for -the mutual good of the community. It shows the spirit of the company and of its executives and employes, and signalizes the important position the company occupies in the daily activities of the city. It is probably true that no institution has done more to realize the letter and spirit of true democracy in the relations between the corporation and its employes. Each exchange of the Cleveland Telephone Company has a rest room, lunch room and library. A feature of the company's welfare work is the employment of a social secretary and a medical su- 354 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS pervisor. The company maintains an operators' school. In order to become a member of this school applicants must pass a preliminary application as to mental, moral and physical qualifications. The course includes a series of lectures and actual work at practicing switchboards. ALLARD SMITH, general manager of the Cleveland Telephone Company, is a graduate electrical engineer and has spent nearly twenty years in practical telephone work, and is today one of the leading executive telephone men of the country. He was born at Eau Claire, Wisconsin, June 23, 1876, a son of William H. and Catherine (Fox) Smith, now retired at Eau Claire, where they have been residents for over sixty years. Mr. Smith's great-grandfather Smith was a captain in the Revolutionary army, and the family removed to Wisconsin from the northern part of. Maine. Allard Smith, fourth of five children and the only one of the family a resident of Ohio, was educated in the public schools of Eau Claire, graduating from high school in 1894 and then entering the University of Wisconsin at Madison. He received his degree as electrical engineer in 1898, and went direct from university to Chicago, where he was assigned to a place as a night employe in the switchboard department of the Chicago Telephone Company. He was one of those fortunate young men who find a congenial sphere of work immediately on leaving college. He was promoted from time to time, and finally was superintendent of construction of the Chicago Telephone Company. From 1911 to the end. of 1913 he was employed as construction engineer of the Bell Telephone System, covering the five states of Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, Michigan and Wisconsin. In March, 1914, Mr. Smith came to Cleveland as general manager of the local Bell Company, and has since been also a director of the company. Mr. Smith had some military training in his younger years, being a member of the Wisconsin National Guard from 1896 to 1899. At the time of the Spanish-American war he was accepted as an ensign in the navy, but the war was over and the nearest he got to the front was Old Point Comfort. He is well known as a citizen of Cleveland and is a director of the Morris Plan Bank of Cleveland, director and vice president of the City Club, and is active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Union Club, Univer sity Club, Advertising Club and Shaker Heights Country Club. Mr. Smith is independent in politics and has no active partisan affiliations. June 30, 1901, at Viroqua, Wisconsin, he married Miss Margaret Elizabeth Butt, daughter of Colonel C. M. Butt, who is now living retired at Viroqua. Mrs. Smith was born in that Wisconsin town, graduated from the Viroqua High School, and was a member of the class of 1899 in the University of Wisconsin. Mr. and Mrs. Smith reside on Ashbury Avenue. JOHN J. SEXTON, now handling a good general practice as a lawyer with offices in the Engineers' Building, has been identified with business and politics in Cleveland nearly all his life. Mr. Sexton was born at Cleveland June 24, 1879, a son of Patrick and Mary Sexton. His parents are still living and both were natives of County Clare, Ireland, where they grew up. In 1875, at the age of twenty-one, they both came to America and were married at Cleveland. Patrick Sexton at first worked for Maher in the old rolling mill at wages of 90 cents a day. He walked from Dodge Street to Glenville, the other side of Gordon Park, twice a day. Later he was with the Otis Steel Company until injured and for eighteen months was confined to his house. Since then he has been in the saloon business, first at 21 1/2 King Avenue, later at 14 King Avenue, and then bought a place of his own at 1011 Lakeside Avenue, the present number of which is 3315 Lakeside Avenue. That was his headquarters from 1889 to 1907. He turned over this business to his son, John, who soon afterwards sold it. The father is now in the saloon business at 5247 Superior Avenue and that has been his location since December 8, 1909. He has always owned his own place of business, has been independent of the brewing companies and has conducted a model saloon, in all these years never having violated any of the ordinances governing the liquor traffic. He is now one of the oldest members in Cleveland of the Ancient Order of Hiberriians, also belongs to the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association, and is a member of the Immaculate Conception Catholic Church. He and his wife have three sons and three daughters, all living. Daniel E. of Cleveland ; John J. ; Marie, Mrs. John F. Straub, wife of the foreman of The Otis Steel Company; Nellie and Elizabeth, both at home; and Frank, a CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 355 mail carrier out of the Collingwood Station. All the children were born in Cleveland. John J. Sexton was educated in the Immaculate Conception Parochial School, St. Ignatius College, and in 1915 took his law degree from Baldwin-Wallace University. As soon as he was old enough he began contributing to his own support and worked thereafter every school vacation. At the age of fourteen during vacations he worked for The Otis Steel Company, and at the age of seventeen found a regular position on that payroll and was with the company twelve years, beginning as weighmaster and later as foreman of the open hearth department. In March, 1907, after an operation for appendicitis Mr. Sexton left the steel company. About that time his parents went back to Ireland for a visit to the old sod after an absence of many years. They were away three months and John Sexton took charge of his father's business. In 1908 his father built a place at the corner of Fifty-third and Superior, where he is today, and John Sexton then took a place of his own at 6021 St. Clair Avenue. He sold that in March, 1909. He then looked after his father's business interests and also became salesman and collector for Tom Foot, the printer. In 1910 he was taken ill and was sick for seven months. Resuming. work he was employed a year and a half by the board of review at the courthouse, and spent a few months with the board of elections, also in the auditor's office, and until August, 1913, was clerk in the criminal court under County Clerk Charles Horner. While around the courthouse he took up the study of law in Cleveland Law School, finishing his course in the Baldwin-Wallace College as above noted. He now has offices in the Engineers Building and enjoys a good general practice as a lawyer. He was admitted to practice in the United States Court February 7, 1917. His father has been one of the most ardent democrats in Cleveland, and John Sexton was also affiliated with that party but is now a republican. In local affairs he is strictly indedependent, voting for the best man. He was a candidate for nomination for councilman from the Tenth Ward against Peter J. Henry, now clerk of the Municipal Court. Henry was endorsed by the late Tom Johnson, and was elected by 157 votes over Mr. Sexton. Mr. Sexton was also an influential factor in the campaign of Herman Baehr in his candidacy for mayor against Tom Johnson in 1909. For the past eight years Mr. Sexton has been a republican. He is a close friend of former Secretary of State C. Q. Hildebrand and did much to insure his election to that state office. Mr. Sexton is a member of the Catholic Order of Foresters, Woodmen of the World, Loyal Order of Moose, Germania Turnverein of the Twenty-third Ward Republican Club, and belongs to the Immaculate Conception Parish. He helped campaign the state in the interests of the "wets" during the last two elections. June 5, 1917, in Immaculate Conception Church he married Miss Catherine Wacho. Mr. Sexton was born at the corner of Forty-fifth and St. Clair when that district of the city was farm lands. He was baptized in the Immaculate Conception Church and received his first communion there. Mrs. Sexton was born and educated in Cleveland, having attended St. Martin's parochial schools. HENRY S. FRENCH. For over sixty years the name French has figured prominently in the commercial and industrial affairs of Cleveland. And this name has other interesting associations than those strictly confined to business. The founder of the family here was the late Clinton D. French. He was born at Barre, Vermont, in September, 1827, of rugged New England stock. He was directly descended from that William French of Westminster, Vermont, whose blood with Daniel Houghton's was the first shed in the Revolution on March 13, 1775, and to whose memory the state erected a monument in 1875. Educated in public schools, Clinton D. French came to Cleveland in 1854 and soon established a retail dry goods business under the name of French & Company. Subsequently the business was conducted by French & Davis, their store being located at 91 Superior Avenue Northeast. Still later the firm was French & Keith, and the business was then moved to the Marble Block on Superior between Bank and Seneca streets. Clinton D. French sold out in 1862, was in the real estate business for a time, and in 1863 with his brother Gilbert L. established French's Golden Lion, a retail dry goods store at Buffalo, New York. From this Clinton French withdrew in 1876, and after that his time was taken up with the management of his private property and other interests. One of his distinctive characteristics was a love for the old and the rare, and he gave 356 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS much of the time of his later years and considerable of his means to the collection of antiques, especially books, documents and historical souvenirs. Perhaps the most famous article of his collection was the coach which Lafayette brought over from France and used in his tour of America in 1825. This coach was made in Paris, and after coming into the possession of Mr. French was carefully preserved and aside from the fading of its bright colors was kept in almost the same condition as when the famous Frenchman rode upon it. It is elaborately wrought and highly finished, of the style of the Napoleonic period and of the First Empire. Too heavy for ordinary service with a single pair of horses, four powerful steeds having drawn it over the heavy roads of early America, it has escaped the common use and consequently experienced little wear or tear. Formerly it appeared upon the streets only on rare occasions of national rejoicing or public sorrow. Clinton D. French was a member of the old Stone Church in Cleveland, and a democrat in politics. He died September 1, 1901, at the age of seventy-four. At Buffalo, New York, he married Henrietta Davis. Their only child, Henry S. French, was born at Buffalo, New York, July 18, 1865. He attended the Rockwell public school in Cleveland and at the age of fourteen began earning his own living as a clerk in Bailey & Crothers retail dry goods store at Cleveland. This firm by subsequent change and development became the great department store of L. A. Bailey. In 1882 Mr. French resigned his position there, and went into the service of J. G. W. Cowles in the real estate business. After 1893 he continued in this business alone until 1901. At that date he established the Machinery Forging Company, of which he has since been president and treasurer. Mr. French was one of the organizers and the financial backer of the Tabor Ice Cream Company at its organization a few years ago, and this concern in. a short time took first rank in its line in the city, so rapid was its growth. Mr. French is a member of the Cleveland Cliamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Rotary Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Willowick Country Club, and in politics is a republican. On January 25, 1888, at Cleveland he married Miss Minerva Antoinette Copeland. They are the parents of four children : Laura A., now Mrs. C. E. Hartwell of Cleveland ; Clinton R., connected with the forging business at Cincinnati; Noyes C., vice president of the Machinery Forging Company ; and Georgiana B. LOUIS ROBERT LANZA was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1915 and has since been making rapid strides toward professional achievement at Cleveland, and is now enjoying a splendid and growing practice with offices in the Engineers Building. Mr. Lanza was born in the Village of Alcarafusi, Province of Messina, on the plains of Southern Italy, September 26, 1886, the only child of Francis and Frances (Mileti) Lanza, his mother dying at his birth. His father, who is now living in Cleveland, was a man of considerable local prominence in the Village of Alcarafusi, where both he and his wife were born. He was mayor of the village for three terms of four years each, and on leaving that office was made postmaster, an office which in Italy is a life appointment. He resigned the position and came to America in 1902. For his second wife he married in 1888 Mary Mileti, a sister of his first wife, and they had three sons : Joseph A., a chemist for The Arco Company of Cleveland ; Otto, a mining foreman in Colorado, and James, attending school in Cleveland. The mother of these sons died at Cleveland in 1908. Louis Robert Lanza was sixteen years old when he came to America and prior to that time had attended the schools of his native town and finished his early education in Cleveland. He took up the study of law, and after graduating from the Baldwin-Wallace Academy in 1912 entered the law department of the Baldwin-Wallace University and graduated LL. B. in 1915. In the same year he was admitted to practice and his offices have always been in the Engineers Building. He has been admitted to practice in the United States District Court Mr. Lanza is a member of the Loyal Order of Moose, the Modern Woodmen of America, and is president of the Alcarese Society, an incorporated Italian society of Cleveland. He and his family reside at 441 East One Hundred Twenty-third Street. On October 25, 1916, he married Miss Gisalda Meleti in Cleveland. She was born in Padua, Italy daughter of Gaetano and Johanna (Frattini) Meleti, who are now living in Cleveland. She was educated at Milan, Italy, and came to th( United States with her parents at the age o: fifteen. Mr. and Mrs. Lanza have one son Robert Francis, born in Cleveland. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 357 GEORGE P. KOELLIKER. A number of professional men of Cleveland who have qualified for the practice of their special vocations have never engaged in these occupations as individuals, but have used their talent and learning in connection with institutions of a business or financial character, where their acquired knowledge is found to be of inestimable value to the interests involved. In this class is found George P. Koelliker, secretary of The Citizens Savings and Trust Company, connected with various other interests, and a lawyer by profession. He also has the distinction of being a native son of Cleveland, having been born here January 1, 1881. Herman Koelliker, the father of George P. Koelliker, was born in Switzerland, and came to the United States when four years of age. He grew to manhood here and received a good education, and on reaching man's estate chose the vocation of stationary engineer for his own. He followed that occupation for many years and is now living in.comfortable retirement at Cleveland, having acquired a satisfying competency. Mrs. Koelliker, who also survives as one of the honored residents of Cleveland, of which city she is a native, bore the maiden name of Barbara Briekman, and is a member of an old American family of German origin. George P. Koelliker received a graded and high school education at Cleveland, following which he took an academic course under private tutors and qualified for the bar under the Supreme Court ruling. He was graduated from the Cleveland Law School in 1905 and in the same year that he received his degree was admitted to the bar. While still a student, in 1899, Mr. Koelliker began working as a stenographer with The Savings and Trust Company of Cleveland, in order to assist in paying the cost of his tuition, and remained with this institution afterward when it had become consolidated with The Citizens Savings and Trust Company. In January, 1914, he was made assistant secretary of this institution, and in January, 1916, was advanced to the post of secretary, which he still retains. Mr. Koelliker does not confine himself to the work of this company, for he has various other important interests which make a demand upon his abilities. He is connected with several realty companies of Cleveland with valuable property ; is secretary and was one of the organizers of The General Alloys Company, which manufactures cutting tools ; and was one of the organizers and is secretary of The Cooper Research Company. His legal knowledge has been of great value in the work of organization in which he is engaged, as well as in the protection of the interests of these companies after organized. Mr. Koelliker is a republican, but has not been active in this direction. He is a member of the Union Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Westwood and Chippewa Lake clubs. PAUL D. JONES. While all successful business men cannot claim that it was the spur of necessity in their early days that laid the foundation of later achievement, an interesting number of the men of power and position in the business world today can look back to an industrious, self-helping boyhood. An example may be cited in Paul D. Jones, who is a man of large affairs at Cleveland and is vice president of the Guarantee Title & Trust Company. Paul D. Jones was born at East Bangor, Northampton County, Pennsylvania, April 30, 1876. His parents were William David and Melinda Jones. William David Jones was born in Wales, January 27, 1849. He had but meager educational opportunities, as he was only nine years old when his people brought him to the United States and located in the coal region in the vicinity of Scranton, Pennsylvania. Young as he was, he became a worker in the coal mines and continued in that field until 1867. He then went to East Bangor, Pennsylvania, and there was married to Miss Melinda Wiedman, a daughter of Jacob Wiedman, who owned slate quarries in that neighborhood. Mr. Jones went to work for his father-in-law in the quarries, and after moving to Bangor was employed until 1887 in other quarries. In that year he came to Cleveland and engaged as a salesman with the firm of Auld & Congor, roofing slate manufacturers, and continues with that firm. His two sons, Daniel W. and Paul D., are residents of Cleveland. Paul D. Jones was educated in the public schools of Bangor and Cleveland but in 1891. when fifteen years old, he put aside his school books and started out to find a job. accepting one as post and office boy with the Bradstreet Mercantile Agency, and performed his duties faithfully for one year, in the meanwhile keeping wide awake to other opportunities. After eight months in a clerical capacity with the Valley Railroad he entered the employ of the 358 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS manufacturing firm of Auld & Congor as bookkeeper, and continued there for five years, engaging then with E. B. Tidd in a general insurance business, having charge of the fire insurance department. In June, 1900, Mr. Jones retired from that connection and helped to organize the Genesee Savings & Banking Company, becoming its secretary and treasurer and continuing until it was absorbed by the Reserve Trust Company. Mr. Jones by this time had become well known in financial circles and was made assistant secretary of the two branches of the above consolidation, serving as such until 1910. His years of business experience served to admirably qualify Mr. Jones for his next business advance, by which he became assistant treasurer of the Guarantee Title & Trust Company of Cleveland, and one year later, in 1911, he was elected treasurer and in 1915 was elected vice president. He is on the directing board of this institution, as also on the boards of the Industrial Discount Company and the Citizens Mortgage Company. In all his business relations he has ever been honorable and trustworthy and his friends and intimates in business circles are men of like high personal character. Mr. Jones was married at Cleveland to Miss Georgia A. Hauxhurst on June 27, 1900, and they have two sons, Paul D. and Robert W. Although Mr. Jones takes no very active part in political matters and votes independently, his good judgment, his business foresight and his sound financial sense would seem to particularly qualify him for public responsibility at a time when the country has need of its most efficient men. Mr. Jones is an important factor in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He finds congenial companionship and recreation as a member of the Rotary Club. JOSEPH M. BERNSTEIN at the age of twenty-two in July, 1915, was admitted to practice in all the courts of Ohio. Few men of that age bring to the outset of their careers as lawyers a larger degree of vitalized experience and demonstrated capacit than Mr. Bernstein. And while his rea achievements belong to the future he has more than made good in his profession since beginning practice. Mr. Bernstein has offices in the Engineers Building. He was born in Bay City, Michigan, August 18, 1892, son of Louis M. and Flora (Kekst) Bernstein. Both his parents were natives of the City of Riga, Russia, where they grew up and married. On the fourth of July, 1889, they landed at the City of Baltimore, and went direct to Bay City, Michigan, where they had friends. They were the first members of their respective families to come to America. After living five years at Bay City they came to Cleveland, where they still reside. The father is connected with the Swift Company of Cleveland. There are five in the family, three sons and two daughters : Dora, now Mrs. D. Bauman of Cleveland ; William, manager of a department in The Bailey Company department store; Joseph M.; Barney, a plumber ; and Ida, still at home. Dora was a graduate of the Central High School and the Spencerian Business College, and Ida attended the Central High School but completed her work in the East Tech High School. Joseph M. Bernstein was for two years a student in the Central High School and in 1911 was a member of the second class of graduates from the High School of Commerce. This high school, which has been one of the greatest improvements in public school education ever inaugurated in Cleveland was established in 1910 and Mr. Bernstein entered it at the beginning. He was commencement speaker at his graduation and had also been business manager of some of the student activities of the high school. There are now two branches of the High School of Commerce, one on the east and the other on the west side. Mr. Bernstein is unmarried and has always lived at home with his parents, but since the age of nine has been practically self-supporting and paid his own way while getting his education and preparing for, his legal career. He sold newspapers, blacked shoes, worked at anything that would turn him an honest penny. He was a cash boy in The Bailey Company. He early took up salesmanship, and sold beef to the trade for the old S. & S. Packing Company, now the Wilson Company. He was bookkeeper and stenographer for The Hartman. Beef Company, and from there went to The Delivery Company, a $1,000,000 concern, for which he was cashier. He was with that company for two years after graduating from high school. In the meantime he studied law at night, as a student in the law department of Baldwin-Wallace College. He received his degree LL. B. June 3, 1915, was admitted to the Ohio bar on the first of July and on February 9, 1916, was admitted to practice in the United States Court. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 359 Mr. Bernstein handles a general practice as a lawyer and was also one of the organizers and has since been president of The Hippodrome Realty Company, is secretary of The L. & M. Auto Company and secretary of The J. Bauman Company. He is an active republican, a member of the Knights of Pythias, the National Union, the Cleveland Independent Aid Society, the B'nai B'rith, the Knights of Joseph, the Sagarer Aid Society, the Bne Yeshrun Temple. He lives with his parents at 2548 East Thirtieth Street. WILLIAM ROTHENBERG of the law firm Weed, Miller, Rothenberg and McMorris has spent his entire professional career in Cleveland, where by his learning, industry, ability and character he has attained a high rank though still numbered among the younger practitioners of the law. Mr. Rothenberg was born in Cleveland August 19, 1883, a son of Leopold and Ella (Feniger) Rothenberg. His parents were natives of and married in Austria and in 1871 emigrated to America and settled in Cleveland. Leopold Rothenberg was in the dry goods business at Cleveland from that time until his death on January 26, 1913. The mother passed away February 24, 1915. William was the youngest of their six children and the only son. The five daughters are Mrs. S. Toter of Cleveland, Mrs. M. M. Gleichman of New York City, Mrs. M. Goldreich of Cleveland, Mrs. Arnold Stern of New York City, Mrs. E. M. Brudno, wife of Doctor Brudno of Cleveland. The first two children were born in Austria, and the others in Cleveland and all received their education in this city. William Rothenberg was educated in the Mayflower Grammar School, graduated from the Central High School in the class of 1901, and in 1905 received is A. B. degree from Harvard College. He is also a graduate of the Cleveland Law Department of Baldwin-Wallace University with the degree LL. B. He finished there in 1907 and was admitted to the Ohio 'bar in June of the same year. In 1904 before completing his university career Mr. Rothenberg took up the study of law with the late Albert H. Weed and Maj. Charles R. Miller, when the firm was known as Weed & Miller. After his admission to the bar in 1908, Mr. Rothenberg became associated with that firm and until recently its name was Weed, Miller & Rothenberg. Though both senior members are now deceased the old title was still continued, Mr. Rothenberg being senior member with Major Miller's son William R. Miller as his associate, and Mr. W. H. McMorris was recently admitted. Mr. Rothenberg and Mr. Miller are young men of the law but have shown conspicuous ability in handling the large business of the firm, which is a general practice, although they also represent a number of corporations. Mr. Rothenberg is a director in a number of companies represented by the law firm. In politics he is a republican, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Excelsior Club, Oakwood Country Club, Cleveland Council of Sociology, Cleveland, Ohio State and American Bar associations, and is chairman of the membership committee and on the executive committee of the association. He also belongs to the City Club, the Civic League, the Rotary Club in and of which he is counsel, is a member of the Delta Theta Phi law fraternity, and the Cleveland Automobile Club. He is one of the board of trustees of the Council Educational Alliance. Mr. Rothenberg finds his chief recreation in golf, motoring and among his books. He and his family reside at 2104 Stearns Road. He married Miss Martha Hahn of Cleveland, daughter of Dr. Aaron A. and Thresia (Kalb) Hahn. Her mother died in 1912. Her father, Doctor Hahn, was formerly a rabbi but is now in the active practice of the law with his son Edgar A. Hahn, with offices in the Engineers Building. Mrs. Rothenberg was born in Cleveland, graduated from the Central High School in 1903, the Cleveland Normal School in 1905, and then taught a year in the Cleveland public schools. She is an active member of various clubs, including the Woman's Club of Cleveland. RICHARD ROCHE HAWKINS. Judged by worthy achievement and universal public esteem, Richard Roche Hawkins, now filling the responsible office of Justice of the Peace for East Cleveland, occupies a foremost place among the men who, through high personal character and breadth of mind, have won the right to be named representative of the best interests of this great city. For almost a quarter of a century he has been honorably identified with the city's business life, has been an important factor in local politics in the struggles of the community for progress in municipal affairs, and has been a ceaseless worker in the paths of religion, temperance and patriotism. 360 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Richard Roche Hawkins was born in the City of Manchester, England, January 28, 1854. His parents were James and Ann M. (Roche) Hawkins. On the maternal side the anccstry discloses an old Scotch-Irish family. of education and standing, a present day distinguished member being Dr. William J. Roche, who fills the high office of Minister of the Interior of the Dominion of Canada and Commissioner of Indian Affairs of the Dominion. This prominent member of the Can- adian ministry, while on a visit to his cousin Richard Roche Hawkins, in the fall of 1916, delivered an address before the Canadian Club of Cleveland, at the Statler Hotel, in which, at Mr. Hawkins' request, he spoke on the great European war. The maternal grandfather of Mr. Hawkins, Richard Roche, was bailiff for Lord Mount Norris of County Wexford, Ireland. Afterward he emigrated to Canada and settled at Exeter in Ontario, where he was the first innkeeper. Both he and wife were laid to rest there after lives of kindness and usefulness. They gave their four children, one daughter, who became the mother of Richard Roche Hawkins, and their three sons, liberal educations, and the latter were graduated from Trinity College, Dublin. The eldest son joined the army and was lost in India, but the other two were men of prominence in their section of Canada, both in educational and business affairs. James Hawkins died in the City of Liverpool when his son, Richard Roche was five years old. He was a tailor by trade, and maintained a comfortable home for his wife and four children as long as he lived. In August, 1859, Mrs. Hawkins with her children crossed the ocean to Canada and landed at Quebec but settlcd at Port Colborne, Ontario, and lived there for three years. Later, removal was made to Erie, Pennsylvania, Mrs. Hawkins having been married at Kingston, Ontario, to John Robinson. He was a native of Boston, Massachusetts, and was a deep sea sailor. He survived his wife but a short time, and both were interred in the old cemetery at Port Colborne, Ontario. To her first marriage one daughter and three sons were born. The daughter was the eldest and she preceded her mother and the sons to Canada and died there. Richard Roche was the second in order or birth. His brother John is a farmer near Macdoel, Siskiyou County, California, and his brother William carries on a tailoring business at Port Colborne, Ontario. To the second marriage a son and daughter were born, the latter surviving the former, Edward J. Robinson, who was born in Erie, Pennsylvania, and was residing at Los Angeles, California at the time of his demise : the daughter was born at Port Colborne, Ontario, and is the wife of Brace R. Davis, who is a millwright in business at Stockton, California. Richard Roche Hawkins was educated in the public schools of Erie, and later during the Civil war period, at Buffalo, New York, and remembers well the interest excited when General Grant, the great Federal commander passed through Erie for the front. After his schooldays were over the task of bread winning naturally assumed importance, and being of a mechanical turn of mind Mr. Hawkins at first thought of learning to be an engineer, but changed his mind and later accepted a position as steward on one of the large vessels plying on the great lakes, and for six years continued sailing on fresh water and afterward, for seven years filled a similar position on salt water vessels. On May 24, 1876, he sailed as steward on a vessel bound for Queenstown, Ireland, and afterward sailed on different vessels running between British, French and Spanish ports. He made one trip around Cape Horn and also visited Cuba and the Isle of Martinique before the great earthquake. In 1882 Mr. Hawkins returned to the United States and located in the City of Chicago, Illinois, and there carried on a plumbing and steam fitting business until 1896. In that year he came to Cleveland, and in this city has been an active business man interested in several lines, mainly plumbing and groceries, and for many years was one of the proprietors of the Boulevard Plumbing and Heating Company of Cleveland. Broadened by travel and experience, Mr. Hawkins naturally has progressive views on many subjects, and has taken a hearty and public-spirited interest in public problems. In 1902 he was elected a member of the city council of Cleveland, and served as a republican, for two years under the administration of the late Tom Johnson, mayor, from what was then the Third District, comprising the Ninth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth wards. He has also been ward assessor several times, and in November, 1915, was elected justice of the peace of East Cleveland for four years, assuming the duties of this office on January 1, 1916. In politics as in business, Judge Hawkins has shown himself a man of practical efficiency. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 361 Along other lines Mr. Hawkins has demonstrated qualities and aims that entitle him to the high esteem in which he is held. Reared in the Episcopal Church, his religious life has been a vitalizing element and his religious duties and responsibilities have always been recognized. While living in Chicago he served as the first Sunday school superintendent of St. George's Episcopal Church, and was a member of St. George's vestry, and since coming to Cleveland was superintendent of the Sunday school of Christ Church for eighteen months, and has been a member of the vestry of Christ Church and the Church of the Good Shepherd, and at present is a member of the vestry of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. His generous interest is noted in many of the church's noblest beneficent movements. To some, perhaps, the duties pertaining to these various offices and activities, would seem at times very onerous, but to Mr. Hawkins, without doubt, the time and energy contributed, are but outward expressions of deep and sincere religious convictions, and an acknowledgment of his sense of brotherhood and responsibility to others. On January 27, 1879, Mr. Hawkins was married at Glasgow, Scotland, by the Presbyterian minister of the Established Church of Scotland, there rcsiding, to Miss Frances Alicia Haig Melville, who was born in Glasgow, the youngest child of John and Margaret (Aird) Melville. John Melville was a trained gardner, and had charge of the estate of Sir John Cheap. When Mrs. Hawkins was christened her god-mother was Mrs. Haig, the wife of the proprietor of the great Haig distilleries of Scotland, and she gave the infant her own name. Thus it may be seen why Mrs. Hawkins, aside from her natural patriotism, takes a deep interest in the marvelous military tactics of General Haig in his operations in France during the present world war. To Mr. and Mrs. Hawkins five children have been born, one son and four daughters, namely : James M., who is a clerk in the Collinwood postoffice, Cleveland ; Margaret A., who is the wife of William J. Somerwill, of Cleveland ; Frances E., who lives with her parents; Viola M., who is a deputy clerk in her father's office on Ontario Street, and Mary E., who resides with her parents. The son was born at Glasgow, Scotland, and the daughters at Chicago, Illinois. and all attended the East High School in Cleveland. Mr. Hawkins is identified with numerous organizations and these include the Orange men, the Odd Fellows, the Knights of Malta, the Eagles, the Sons of St. George, St. Andrew's Brotherhood and the Men's Club of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, Cleveland. He was one of the organizers of the Canadian Club, of which he is yet a member and has been its secretary. Extremely patriotic, lie is interested in all the problems now facing American manhood, and in every way endcavors to assist in solving them. When the Spanish-American war was an issue he presented himself for enlistment but was not accepted. He is also a pronounced advocate of temperance and throws his influence in the direction of total abstinence for the entire country. SAMUEL ROCKWELL in his capacity of engineer has been helping build American railways and other large engineering and construction projects for nearly half a century. He has been with surveying parties over regions of the West and Northwest where the stakes they set and the lines thcy run were the first tangible evidences of the advance of white men into a country where barbarism had reigncd supreme for untold centuries. However, for over a quarter of a century Mr. Rockwell's services have identified him with the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway chiefly in Ohio and with headquarters in Cleveland. Mr. Rockwell was horn at Brooklyn, New York, February 20, 1847, and is in the eighth generation of one of the oldest New England families. His ancestors beginning with the first in America are noted in the successive generations as follows : William Rockwell, who married Susanna Chapin ; Samuel Rockwell, who married Mary Norton ; Joseph Rockwell, who married Elizabeth Alvord .Drake ; Joseph Rockwell, who married Hannah Huntington ; Samuel Rockwell, who married Hepsbah Pratt; Samuel Rockwell, who married Hannah Reed ; William Rockwell, who married Susan Lawrence Prince; and Samuel Rockwell. The family was established in America by Deacon William Rockwell, who was a native of England, and arrived on the ship Mary and John May 30, 1630, locating first in Dorchester and afterwards moving to Windsor, Connecticut, where he died May 15, 1640. He and most of his immediate successors were farming people in the vicinity of Windsor, Connecticut. Samuel Rockwell of thc fifth generation was a captain in the Revolutionary 362 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRON army, while his son, Samuel Rockwell, of the sixth generation, was a physician at East Windsor, Connecticut. William Rockwell, father of the Cleveland engineer, was born at Sharon, Connecticut, September 21, 1803, was graduated from Yale College in 1823, and gained distinction in the law and public life. He practiced law at Brooklyn, and was judge of various courts there and twice was nominated for mayor. He died July 26, 1856. On April 7, 1840, William Rockwell married Susan Lawrence Prince, who was born in Brooklyn in 1818, daughter of Christopher and Anna (Duffield) Prince. She survived her husband over twenty years and died October 10, 1878. Samuel Rockwell was only nine years of age when his father died. As a boy he attended various schools in Flatbush, New York, Suffield, Connecticut; Morristown, New Jersey ; New Haven, Connecticut, spent six years at sea and finally entered Yale College, and was graduated from the Sheffield Scientific School of that university with the degree Ph. D. in 1873. Already e had acquired considerable practical experience in engineering. During the summer vacation of 1871 he spent four months running a level on the survey for the St. Paul & Pacific Railway. During 1862 he was for six months in charge of location and construction of the St. Paul and Pacific northwest of St. Cloud and on the Green Bay and Lake Pepin Railway, between Dexterville and Merillan. Immediately following his graduation in 1873 Mr. Rockwell went to work for the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western at Hoboken, New Jersey. During the next four years he built the tunnel through Bergen Hill and also handled the separation of grades to the Hoboken terminal. From 1877 to 1885 he was variously employed on municipal waterworks and general engineering practice and contracting. The years 1885 to 1887 he spent as locating and constructing engineer for the St. Paul, Minneapolis and Manitoba Railway, and as chief engineer of the Eastern Minnesota Railway from 1887 to 1890 he located and built that road and its terminals at West Superior and Duluth. In 1890 he was employed as chief engineer to locate the extension of the Santa Fe system to the Pacific Coast, until the failure of Baring Brothers called a halt. In 1891 as chief engineer of the Duluth and Winnipeg he located and built the part of it from Cloquet to West Superior. While building that road he accepted his position as engineer of the Michigan Southern Division of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway at Toledo on September 20, 1891. Since that date all his work and services have been with the New York Central lines. On December 1, 1899, he was apPointed principal assistant engineer at Cleveland, and May 1, 1905, assistant chief engineer at Cleveland, July 15, 1905, chief engineer, and since September 1, 1912, until retired for age limit, had been consulting engineer with headquarters at Cleveland. Mr. Rockwell has been well content to be known entirely by his professional work and professional interests, has had nothing to do with politics, and has avoided rather than courted many of the favors that are so frequently bestowed upon men of his professional standing. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Railway Engineering Association, is a Royal Arch Mason, belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club, and when a few days' vacation appears as a rift in his routine experience and hard work he is glad to devote that time to hunting and fishing as his favorite recreations. On June 7, 1881, Mr. Rockwell married Cordelia A. Geiger, daughter of Stephen Geiger, who was a merchant at St. Joseph, Missouri. Mrs. Rockwell, who died July 27, 1908, was very active in social and club affairs at Cleveland, was a member of the Daughters of the •American Revolution and the King's Daughters, and the Sorosis Society. The family of Mr. Rockwell comprises four children: Samuel, Jr., who was educated in Kenyon and Princeton colleges and is a civil engineer and contractor; William, a commission merchant; Stephen Geiger Rockwell, a graduate of the United States Naval Academy at Annapolis and a ship builder; Emily Gertrude, who is still busied with her education. WILLIAM ROCKWELL was born at St. Paul, Minnesota, February 26, 1889, a son of Samuel and Cordelia A. (Geiger) Rockwell. Second in order of age, he was brought to Cleveland in early childhood and educated in the public schools of this city. In 1908 he graduated from one of New England 's most famous preparatory schools, Phillips Andover Academy, and the following year he spent in the Scientific School of Yale University, his father's alma mater. For eighteen months he was a student of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 363 medicine in the Ensworth Medical College at St. Joseph, Missouri, but at the end of that time discovered distaste for his proposed profession and for that reason and on account of ill-health took up outdoor work. He was with an engineering party in Arkansas for a time and since December 1, 1910, has been engaged in contract construction work, largely in New York State. He was with the McArthur Brothers Company, of 11 Pine Street, New York City, and for four years was with the Walsh Construction Company of Davenport, Iowa. Both these firms are among the largest railroad contractors in the country. Mr. Rockwell learned construction engineering largely through hard service and experience. On February 1, 1917, he established himself in Cleveland in business. He is now head of the William Rockwell Company, with offices in the Citizens Building at Cleveland, and handling contractors' and railways' supplies and equipment. He buys and sells contractors' supplies of all kinds, and has made some influential connections with some of the principal firms in his line of business. He represents several well known manufacturing houses, including The George Worthington & Company, Crandall Packing Company and A. Leschen & Sons Rope Company. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club and Chi Phi fraternity of Yale College. His home is at 1875 Crawford Road. March 19, 1917, Mr. Rockwell married Miss Bertha Augusta Dost of Syracuse, New York, where she was born and educated. They were married at Syracuse. EARL J. ANDREWS is a Cleveland architect and builder, reference to whose career and work and methods will be greatly appreciated. Mr. Andrews has a rather distinct position among the architects and builders of Cleveland, and for a number of years his name has been associated with nothing but the very highest class of residential buildings. Mr. Andrews was born at Wilmington, Olin. ton County, Ohio, November 16, 1882. Few citizens of Cleveland have their Americanism rooted farther back in the past than Mr. Andrews. It is said that some of his ancestors came over with or at the time of the Mayflower. Comparatively speaking the family is of equal antiquity in Ohio. People of the name located in Clinton County about 1801, before Ohio became a state. The Andrews were Friends and established a Friends settlement at Wilmington, along with Jackson, Garner and the Moon families, who have lived there for more than a century, have married and intermarried, and the generations have become so closely knit that nearly everyone in that community is now related directly or remotely. The grandfather, Jonathan Andrews, was born on an old homestead which has been in the ownership of members of the Andrews family since the Government gave the first title deed to the land. This old homestead is now the home of William Garner and Rachel (Jackson) Andrews, parents of the Cleveland architect. Both were born in that locality and William. G. Andrews was for many years a grain merchant. He was also a farmer by training and experience, and in 1892 removed to Marion, Indiana, where he was a hay and grain shipper for many years. He retired from active business in 1912 and settled at the old homestead in Clinton County, Ohio. There are just two sons in the family, and the older is Clifton G. Andrews, who lives at Kokomo, Indiana. He is one of the constructing engineers for the United States Steel Company. Earl J. Andrews was educated in the public schools of Wilmington, graduated from Wilmington High School with the class of 1900, is a graduate of Ohio State University with the class of 1904, and from there went to New York and studied technical courses in the New York Technical School. He also enjoyed considerable training and had the inspiration of the splendid work done in the offices of Andrews & White, architects of New York City. He was with that firm eighteen months. The head of that firm, who is now retired, one of the best known of American architects, was a cousin of Earl J. Andrews while the junior member of the firm was the late Stanford White. Prior to this time Mr. Andrews had served an apprenticeship at the carpentet's trade in Cleveland during his summer vacations. He had finished the trade in 1903 and at the same time he studied alone in drawing and designing and thus laid a thorough practical groundwork for the technical education and training which he afterwards acquired in the East. In the latter part of 1905 Mr. Andrews established himself in business at Cleveland and his present offices are in the Citizens Building. He is the only architect of any consequence in Cleveland, who does his own building, and 364 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS in fact he was the first Cleveland architect to dispense with sub-contractors and other intermediaries who are so often responsible for expensive delays and that weakness which is always present more or less where there is lack of concentration of responsibility. Mr. Andrews as both architect and builder employs his own labor, furnishes material, and makes himself responsible for every detail of any given building plan and contract. One of the greatest advantages of this method to his clients is the elimination of annoyance due to dealing with a number of contractors who are practically uncoordinated under any central plan and supervision. During the early years of his work in Cleveland Mr. Andrews built 100 high grade homes in the neighborhood of Wade Park. Sixty of these homes cost all the way from $25,000 to $80,000 apiece. For the past ten years he has specialized and worked exclusively with "homes of quality" and handles practically no contract-involving less than $25,000, and from that all the way up to the most lavish sums spent upon private residences. He has built 136 homes in Cleveland, representing a total investment of over $2,000,000. Mr. Andrews' entire work has been concentrated in Cleveland, and only once has he gone beyond the city limits to construct a building. This exception was his father's new home at Wilmington on the old homestead. Mr. Andrews has been busied not only with the designing and carrying out of all these contracts but has carefully studied every feature of the building industry as it affects high class homes, and he has introduced many important modifications and improvements on plans that will insure greater comfort and convenience to all who live in and occupy his residences, from the owners down to the servants. lie has the enviable distinction of never having once failed to deliver a home complete at the specified time. The secret of his promptness and efficiency has been an absolute command of all trades involved in construction, in other words complete centralized authority and responsibility. Mr. Andrews is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Builders' Exchange, the Civic League, is an honorary member of the Tippecanoe Club, a member of the Cleveland Manufacturers' Club, the Shaker Heights Country Club, the Willowick Country Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Automobile Club. In Masonry he is affiliated with Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons; McKinley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Coeur de Leon Commandery, Knights Templar; Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and belongs to Cleveland Lodge No. 18 of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. His winter recreation is bowling. In the summer he divides his time between baseball and golf. He does his own bowling with the Elks' Lodge and for several years has financially backed one of the best bowling teams in the city, known as "The Andrews Builders." He has also maintained a baseball club in Cleveland under the same name for some seasons. Mr. Andrews was brought up in the faith of the Friends Church of his ancestors but is now affiliated with the Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland. Someone has called Mr. Andrews a thirty-third degree baseball fan and it is known that he is one of the regular season box holders at the Cleveland Ball Park and is said not to have missed a local game of the Cleveland team for six years. He and his family reside at 2170 South Overlook Road. On April 10, 1904, he married Miss Birdette Wertenberger of Canton, Ohio, where she was born and educated. Mrs. Andrews is a graduate of the Canton High School and of Heidelberg University at Tiffin. ROBERT CARRAN. A remarkable life, identified with Cleveland and Environs by a residence of over eighty years, came to a close with the death of Robert Carran on November 16, 1914. To live more than a century is of itself a distinction that constitutes a matter of general interest everywhere. But Robert Carran was more than a centenarian, he was a thoroughly useful worker and citizen and a man whose interests and sympathies touched nearly every point of Cleveland's life and history from the time it was a village until it ranked as one of the foremost cities of the country. It was only a proper tribute to the worth and significance of his noble life that at the time of his death all the flags over the new and old city hall and on the public square were set at half mast. During the span of this one man's life the world was practically made and remade. He was born on the Isle of Man December 11, 1812. He was nearly three years old when the battle of Waterloo was fought. That closed one era of attempted domination and imperial control of Europe, if not the world, and only CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 365 a few weeks before Robert Carran died at Cleveland, November 16, 1914, and nearly a century after the battle of Waterloo, the world was again thrown into tumult and confusion by another imperial clique which aspired to world domination not less than Napoleon. Robert Carran during his youth on the Isle of Man learned and followed the trade of miller. He came to America early in life, lived at Buffalo, New York, and in 1834 came to Northern Ohio and settled at Warrensville. He bought a large farm in that vicinity. Cleveland at that time had less than 5,000 population, and was divided into three villages, Ohio City, now the West Side, Newburg and Cleveland. Land in Cleveland itself could be bought for $5 an acre. For a number of years Mr. Carran was connected with the firm of Seaman & Smith, shoe merchants, but finally retired and worked his farm. For twenty-four years he held the office of justice of the peace at Warrensville. Every case that came before him he settled without recourse to the routine of law and financial penalty, and did an untold amount of good in that way. For fifty-eight years he served as a school director of his district. He was a man of almost perfect physical habits, and these no doubt contributed to his long life. He never smoked in all his years and a well balanced will and intellect and useful work no doubt enabled him to pass the century mark and lack only a month of the age of a hundred two years. In politics he was a democrat. For a great many years he attended state conventions of his party, and beginning to vote in the time of Andrew Jackson he cast his last ballot for Woodrow Wilson in 1912. At that time he remarked it would be his last presidential election. Robert Carran was prominent in Scotch and Manx societies and on December 11th of each year his birthday was celebrated by Cleveland Manxmen. Early Settlers' Day, September 10, 1914, he celebrated the occasion by dressing, as was his custom, in a Prince Albert coat and a silk hat, and with his own hands he raised the old flag at the Public Square in Cleveland. He had been a participant in flag raising exercises for many years. Thirty years before his death he and Rev. Harris R. Cooley stood side by side with bowed heads while the old flag rose to the masthead at one of the meetings of the Early Settlers' Association. The duty devolved upon Rev. Mr. Cooley to preach the funeral services over his comrade's body. At the time of his death Robert Carran was the oldest member of the Early Settlers' Association of Cuyahoga County. He died at the home of his son, Charles H. Carran, 1496 West Clifton Boulevard, and his funeral was conducted at the home of his son, Lewis C., 1963 East Seventy-third Street. He was laid to rest in Highland Park Cemetery, Kinsman Road, in Warrensville. As a young man Robert Carran had helped clear the land and lay out this cemetery. He was the father of eleven children, and was survived by three sons and a daughter: Charles H., Lewis C., Robert A. and Mrs. Nattie Carr, all of whom reside in Cleveland. In commemorating the memory of Robert Carran resolutions adopted by the Council of the City of Cleveland at the time of his death are here inserted : "File No. 35034. "Mr. McGinty. "Whereas, Robert Carran, the oldest resident of Cleveland dies this day in the hundred and second year of his age ; and "Whereas, Robert Carran has for years represented to old and young alike in this community that sturdy, pioneer type of citizenship which has made both the material progress and the idealism of the city possible; now, therefore, "Be it Resolved : That the Council of the City of Cleveland does hereby extend to the family of Robert Carran its respectful sympathy and by this resolution records upon its official proceedings the respect and affection of the people for this pioneer, early settler. "Adopted by a rising vote November 16, 1914. "Approved by the Mayor November 18, 1914. "I, Richard E. Collins, Clerk of the Council of the City of Cleveland, do hereby certify that the foregoing is a true and correct copy of resolution (File No. 35034) adopted by the Council of the CitY of Cleveland on November 16, 1914. "Witness my hand and official seal at Cleveland, Ohio, this 3rd day of January, 1914. RICHARD E. COLLINS, "Clerk of Council." LEWIS C. CARRAN has been a well known Cleveland citizen and prominently identified CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 367 with the oil industry and oil business for a long period of years. He is a son of the late Robert Carran, who died recently in Cleveland more than a century old after having lived in the city for three-quarters of a century. The career of this notable Cleveland man is sketched on other pages. Robert Carran married Elizabeth Kneale, who died when Lewis C. was an infant. The latter was born at Cleveland October 13, 1852, and was well educated, graduating in 1870 from Baldwin University at Berea and in 1874 from Knox College at Gambier, Ohio. For the past thirty-five years he has been in the oil business and for a number of years was head of the L. C. Carran Company, oil manufacturers. He owned and operated a refinery but about thirty years ago sold out to the Standard Oil Company and since then has been a dealer in wholesale oils. In 1874, on finishing college, he was appointed by the state commissioners as superintendent of instruction at the Ohio Reform School and filled that office two years. Mr. Carran was a member of the Cleveland City Council from 1885 to 1889 and has always been a stanch republican. He is now a director of the Dime Savings & Trust Company, and was one of the earliest members and is still active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He also belongs to the City Club, the Willowick Country Club, St. Agnes Church, and is prominent in the Early Settlers' Association. A very happy and appropriate honor was bestowed upon Mr. Carran when he was appointed by former Mayor Baker and subsequently by Mayor Davis to succeed his honored father as the official flag raiser on Cleveland. day, September 10th of this year, for the anniversary of Perry's victory on Lake Erie. Judge Alexander Hadden, president of the Early Settlers' Association, also appointed him chairman of the program committee for the celebration of Perry's Day, an annual event which takes place on the Public Square at Cleveland. It was the late Robert Carran's express wish when he died that his son, Lewis, should succeed him as flag raiser and it was also by invitation of the City of Cleveland that Mr. Carran accepted the honor of carrying forward the tradition of raising the flag on the Public Square to inaugurate Cleveland Day. Together with this invitation went a letter from the Director of Public Service which contained the following words: "Your father performed this service for years and was the city's appointed custodian of this tradition. It is entirely fitting that its continued performance in the future be kept in the Carran family in memory and out of respect to him who initiated it." The raising of the flag is an act symbolizing and rededicating Cleveland every year to the patriotism which inspired the founders of the city and the founders of the nation, and no family could exhibit more cogent proofs of patriotic sacrifice as a justification of the flag-raising honor than the Carrans. Robert Carran at the outbreak of the Civil war is said to have called his four boys home from college, and all of them responded to the invitation to join the colors and help preserve the Union. Three of them filled soldiers' graves. One of them was color bearer of his regiment and was struck down at the battle of Missionary Ridge. Reference to this was made by the flag-day orator in June, 1917, after L. C. Carran had for the first time officiated in his new duties after the death of his father. "We are gathered here," said Attorney J. J. Sullivan, "to pay a fitting tribute to the brave sons of 'Old Man' Carran, who sent four sons to the Civil war and Who for thirty-five years after raised the flag on Flag day, here on Public Square." Mr. L. C. Carran married at Peninsula, Ohio, November 23, 1896, Miss Grace E. Cassidy, daughter of A. R. and Agnes (Doherty) Cassidy, of Peninsula. Her parents now live retired in Cleveland. Her father in his active days was a cheese manufacturer and had the largest business of its kind in Summit County, Ohio, operating in his time fourteen factories. Mr. and Mrs. Carran have three children : Agnes E., L. C., Jr., and A. J. Carran. MARX ANSON COPELAND is a prospering Cleveland lawyer, qualified to practice over fifteen years ago, he has been steadily making his way to the front in his profession. He now has a large general clientage, and has offices in the Williamson Building. He was born at Bristolville, Trumbull County. Ohio, December 16, 1877. His father, Anson T. Copeland, was horn at Lorraine, New York, where his father was a carpenter and contractor. Anson T. was born in 1830, was educated in the Wesleyan University at Middletown, Connecticut, and prepared for a career as a Methodist minister. He joined the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 367 East Ohio Conference in the early '70s and had different charges at Kent, Bristolville, Bedford, Canfield and Rootstown, Windsor, Lisbon, Green, Freeport and Nelson. He remained in the ministry an active worker until shortly before his death which occurred at Girard, Pennsylvania, February 27, 1897. Rev. Mr. Copeland married Minerva Detchon, who was born in Poland, Ohio, March 31, 1839, and died at Cleveland July 30, 1899. Her father, Solomon Detchon, was a native of England and for many years a prosperous farmer at Poland, Ohio. She had a brother, Wilbur Fisk Detchon, who went with an Ohio regiment in the Civil war, was a sharpshooter and was killed at the explosion of a mine at Petersburg, Virginia. Mark A. Copeland was one of four children. His brother, Wilbur F., is a schoolman and educator. The sisters are Blanche, widow of Frank S. Masten, a Cleveland attorney, and Rena, widow of Clinton D. Goss of Cleveland. His father being a minister, the Copeland home during Mark's early life was in different towns and cities and in each of them he advanced by a term or two of instruction in the local schools. In 1894 he graduated from the high school of Girard, Pennsylvania, and then spent one year in Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, and another year in Adelbert College of Cleveland. He is a veteran of the Spanish-American war, having enlisted June 2, 1898, as a private in Company K of the Tenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was promoted to the rank of corporal and remained on duty with his regiment for nine months. In 1901 Mr. Copeland graduated ILL. B. from the Western Reserve University Law School at Cleveland, and before taking up individual practice had the value of association and experience for fourteen months in the law offices of Goulder, Holding & Masten. He then formed a partnership with Pierce D. Metzger, under the name Metzger & Copeland, which firm was dissolved in 1906. He has many well won distinctions and successes as a member of the Cleveland bar. Mr. Copeland is a republican in polities. September 14, 1904, he married Miss Louise Wellsted, daughter of Thomas H. and Elizabeth (Bisonnette) Wellsted of Cleveland. Her father died in 1893. The two children of Mr. and Mrs. Copeland are Mark Anson, Jr., born July 31, 1905, and Thomas Wellsted, born July 10, 1907. Vol. II- 24 LUCIEN SEYMOUR. By reason of his position as grand secretary of the Grand Council of Ohio of the Royal Arcanum Lucien Seymour is undoubtedly one of the best known men in the state. While he has filled this office on two different occasions, Mr. Seymour has been prominent in other lines of business endeavor, both at Ashtabula and Cleveland. He is a man of exceptional qualifications for his present post and it is also an honor fitly bestowed considering the fact that he is one of the veteran members of the Royal Arcanum. Historically this great fraternity and insurance order was organized at Boston with nine members on June 23, 1877. On October 11, 1879, a little more than two years later, Mr. Seymour became affiliated with the order and there is perhaps no man in Ohio who is better acquainted with Royal Arcanum history and has been more interested in maintaining and upbuilding the great organization. Besides his present office he is also a -pasegrand regent of Ohio for the order. His offices as grand secretary are in the Engineers Building at Cleveland. Mr. Seymour was born in Plymouth Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, September 2, 1853. His people were pioneers in Ashtabula County, his grandfather Robert Seymour settling in Plymouth Township in 1814, while the War of 1812 was still in progress. The Seymour family was established by three brothers in Connecticut at the very earliest period of the history of that colony. Mr. Seymour's great-grandfather was a soldier patriot of the Revolutionary war and he is eligible to membership in the Sons of the American Revolution and his only sister is a Daughter of the American Revolution. Coming west to Ohio, Grandfather Seymour drove the entire distance with an ox team and spent many useful years of his life as a farmer. He died at Ashtabula when ninety years of age. The parents of Lucien Seymour were William and Virginia (Cooper) Seymour. William Seymour was born In Plymouth Township in 1824 and his wife at Camillus, New York, in 1826. They were married at Rochester, New York. For a number of years William Seymour followed farming but in 1862 removed to Ashtabula, learned the carpenter's trade and followed that trade and worked as a contractor for many years. For a time he and others were associated in the operation of a planing mill at Ashtabula. He was a very active citizen, always put himself in line with other 368 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS citizens in promoting something of good to the community, served as a member of the board of education and as a member of the city council of Ashtabula and was the first mayor of that city elected under the municipal code making the term of two years. Politically he was what might be described as a red hot republican. His death occurred in Ashtabula September 13, 1899, at the age of seventy-five, and his widow passed away March 22, 1903. Both are buried at Ashtabula. They were members of the Episcopal Church. Their two children were Lucien and Fanny, wife of J. F. Munsell, an attorney at Ashtabula. Lucien Seymour was educated in the district schools of his native township, the public schools of Ashtabula, and for a time attended Racine College at Racine, Wisconsin. During his earlier career he was a merchant at Ashtabula and also a miller, he and his father operating flour mills known as the Ohio Mills, William Seymour & Son, proprietors., Seymour first became secretary of the rand Council of the Royal Arcanum for Ohio in 1900 and filled the office five years. Then after an interim of nine years he was again elected in 1914, and has been chosen his own successor ever since. His work as grand secretary takes him all over Ohio, there being councils of the order in all the important centers of the state. In 1912 Mr. Seymour assisted in organizing The Pure Protection Life Association at Cleveland, which is now a prosperous company with offices in the Arcade at Cleveland. Mr. Seymour served as its first secretary and is now a member of the founders board. He also had an active part in organizing the Ohio Royal Building and Loan Company in 1916 and is its secretary. This company is a mutual organization, all the profits being shared by the stockholders and is incorporated under the laws of Ohio with a capital stock of $300,000 for the purpose of promoting home building. Mr. Seymour is a republican in politics and in earlier years was quite active in Ashtabula County. In 1893 he spent a year as county deputy supervisor of elections in that county. He is a Knight Templar Mason and a Royal Arch Chapter Mason, a member of the Modern Woodmen of America, of the Royal League and the Ashtabula County Society of Cleveland. Mr. Seymour is a man of versatile interests, and while his life has been immersed in practical business affairs he has a distinctly literary trend, and has occasionally written some pleasing prose and verse. Some of his verses, in celebration of the glories and 'beauties of his native State of Ohio, have been widely published and circulated. Mr. Seymour married Miss Catherine M. Ducro of Ashtabula, daughter of John and Isabella (Warner) Ducro, old settlers of Ashtabula, both now deceased. Her father was for many years engaged in the furniture and undertaking business. Mrs. Seymour was born at Jefferson, Ohio, but was educated in Ashtabula. In former years both Mr. and Mrs. Seymour were very prominent in the Episcopal Church. Mr. and Mrs. Seymour established a mission of the Protestant Episcopal Church at Ashtabula Harbor, known as the Grace Memorial Mission, and both of them were leaders in church activities there. Mr. and Mrs. Seymour have had their home in Cleveland since 1899. Their only daughter, Carrie S., is now the wife of Duncan MacFarlane of Cleveland. SAMUEL HENRY NEEDS is one of Cleveland's foremost figures in the coal industry, having been a resident of this city over thirty-five years, and from responsibilities and duties of a minor character with the Ohio-Pennsylvania Coal Company he progressed to the post of general manager and is now executive head of several important business organizations. Mr. Needs was born at Tiverton, Devonshire, England, September 30, 1859, son of Samuel and Elizabeth Needs. Both parents spent all their lives in England, where they died. Samuel Needs was a well sinker in England and lost his life while engaged in his occupation when his son, Samuel H., was only three years of age. In going down a well which he had partially completed he failed to take the necessary precautions, and was overcome by the fatal gas or "damps" as it is called and could not be rescued alive. He and his wife had four children, two daughters and two sons. The daughter, Bessie, still lives in England. The other daughter, Ellen, widow of James Wyburn, is a resident of Cleveland. The other son, Walter G. Needs, who died in Cleveland February 25, 1906, was one of the most popular musicians of this city. He was a musician of all around ability, was both an individual performer and a leader and organizer, and he furnished music in all the playhouses of Cleveland in his day. Samuel Henry Needs grew up in England, had a common school education at Tiverton, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 369 and for seven years worked in a silk lace manufacturing establishment. On March 17, 1881, he arrived at Philadelphia by ocean vessel from Liverpool, and about two weeks later, on April 1, 1881, reached Cleveland, that date representing a connection with this city which has never been broken. The first five years he was here he was in the operating service of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway and in 1886 entered the city treasurer's office under Tore Axworthy. He afterwards spent another year with Mr. Axworthy in the latter's coal office, and while there he laid the foundation of his experience and acquaintance with the coal industry. From that he joined the Ohio-Pennsylvania Coal Company, a corporation with which he was connected for twenty-eight years, and filled every responsibility from car recorder to general manager. He was formerly secretary and treasurer of the Ohio-Pennsylvania Coal Company, is president of the Morse Crable Coal Company and vice president and general manager of the Bergholz Coal Mining Company. Mr. Needs' offices are in the Commercial Bank Building. While living in England Mr. Needs served one year with a company of British volunteers. He is well known in fraternal circles, being affiliated with Iris Lodge No. 229, Free and Accepted Masons; Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons; Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar; Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is past exalted ruler of Cleveland Lodge of Elks No. 18, and was grand treasurer of the order in 1902-03. Mr. Needs is a republican, a member of the City. Club, and his church is the Methodist Episcopal. On Christmas Day, 1886, in Cleveland, he married Miss Emma Weile. They are the parents of three children. Daisy A. is a graduate of the Laurel School of Cleveland ; Ulysses S. graduated from Dartmouth College in 1914; and Robert W. was member of the class of 1918 in the Cleveland Heights High School and there prepared for entrance to Dartmouth College. All the children are natives of Cleveland. RT. REV. WILLIAM HORN. Though his home was in Cleveland from 1871 until his death in this city on April 27, 1917; there were no set limits to prescribe the work and influence of the late Bishop William Horn of the Evangelical Association. For a long period of years he was chief editor of the church papers of his denomination at Cleveland, and then for nearly a quarter of a century was bishop of the church. He resigned that post at the Los Angeles General Conference of 1915. His diocese had no geographical boundaries and every year he traveled thousands of miles in all parts of the country in discharge of his episcopal duties. Aside from the prominent position he occupied in his church, Bishop Horn lived a life of intense activity and his individual experience makes most interesting reading. A number of years ago for the benefit of his children he wrote out many of the facts of his life, espeeially those relating to his early years in the ministry, and it is from his own words that most of the following story is compiled. He was born at Oberfishbach near Siegen in Prussia, May 7, 1839, and was therefore in his seventy-eighth year when he died. He was ten years of age when his father, Jacob Horn, died, and his mother afterwards married Herman Schneider. Bishop Horn was always a man of utmost modesty, even approaching the point of diffidence. This was illustrated in his early experiences. He was started to school at the age of four, but his bashfulness was such that only extreme urging on the part of his good grandmother would make 'him attend. It was not that he did not desire to learn but he was almost morbidly afraid of other children. This was overcome, and later he found extreme pleasure in pursuing his studies. At the age of fourteen, when he was confirmed, he was started to work in the mines, but found that hard and disagreeable toil. In the spring of 1855, when he was sixteen years of age, he and his mother, stepfather and other children set out for America. The party landed at New York on the 4th of July. He saw a railroad for the first time at Cologne and his first sight of the ocean was at Bremen. In America they were strange people in a strange land, and none of them understood English, and for that reason young William Horn was unable to apply the knowledge he had acquired from books in the old country. Thus he did not know that Niagara Falls when he passed it was the great natural wonder which he had read of in the old country. The family journeyed west until they arrived at Cooperstown in Manitowoc County, Wisconsin. Here they lived among Indians, bears and deer, with very few white neighbors. 370 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS From the pioneer farm in the woods William Horn went in 1856 to Lomira, Dodge County, to attend school for a few weeks and then worked for a farmer at $8 a month, turning over his wages to the support of the family. "In the little log cabin country school house I had some very interesting experiences," as his own words recall them years afterward. "Being seventeen years old, almost full grown, not understanding any English, the children laughed at me and called me `the big Dutchman.' The teacher, however, had the good sense to teach me separate from the other beginners, told me through an interpreter that 'I learned as fast as a horse could run' and after several weeks asked me to spell with the big class which of course made me a little nervous. But fortunately the lesson consisted of those long latin words like contribution, absolution, etc., which were quite difficult to spell for those country chaps, but being the same in English as in German, quite easy for me. Standing at the foot end of the class, I therefore moved up very rapidly and before long stood at the top. Thereafter the boys stopped laughing at me and imagined that I knew much more than I really did." He also describes hii first church service at Lomira, held in a small farm house. He was not accustomed to pioneer church gatherings, and was unable to understand how church could 'be held in such restricted quarters and was much puzzled by the appearance of the minister without the formal clerical garb. Only a few weeks later at a quarterly conference in a log school house he was converted. During the years that followed he worked as a farm hand, and also taught several terms in the forests of Brown County, Wisconsin. Again quoting his language to describe this experience, "Knowing very little about English literature and the responsible art of teaching, I had the great advantage that my constituents, and especially the children, knew nothing at all. At that time the state had made provision to furnish each school with a copy of 'Webster's Dictionary, so the superintendent requested me to take the big book along to my school ; and when the foreign people saw me coming with the gigantic volume under my arm, how could they help but be impressed with my phenomenal learning, and fortunately that impression lasted through the whole term. The superintendent of instruction visited the school several times and it has remained a mystery to me until this day by what means I had gained his favor, but he gave me the very best recommendation on the district register." To his frequent self questionings as to what vocation he should follow, it seemed that there was always the answer ready that he should enter the ministry. Finally the decision was practically taken out of his own hands, and at a meeting in the Lomira Circuit he was voted a recommendation for the position • of assistant preacher. This honor and the beginning of his ministerial career came to him in the autumn of 1861. He began his duties with a lame horse and old buggy, and started visiting the sixteen preaching places in the circuit. For a number of years Bishop Horn carried the gospel through many remote and isolated sections of Northern Wisconsin, traveling through the woods, frequently losing his way, sleeping at night in the leaves and on the snow, putting up with the starvation fare which the poor settlers themselves had as their best, and enduring privations and hardships such as only a man of the greatest fortitude and a spirit upheld by his faith in his mission could endure. However, those phases of his life and the many interesting experiences must be passed over with only a few words. In 1864, when he was twenty-five years of age, he was ordained a deacon, and was assigned to a new field of labor at Port Washington, Wisconsin. Having been ordained, he was by the church rules allowed to marry, and began looking about for a companion. He sought guidance from older men in his choice, and strangely enough three different superior churchmen, without consultation among each other, counselled him to make choice of Mary Fishbach of Hartford. This counsel receiving the approval of his own judgment and feelings, he laid the case before her and received an affirmative. Then on May 19, 1864, in spite of the strenuous objections on the part of her grandmother, who had decided upon a different mate for her granddaughter, they were married in the Evangelical Church at Hartford by Rev. Leonhard Buehler, Mary Fishbach was born at Milwaukee. October 6, 1843. Her father, Anthony Fishbach, tame from Alsace, then a French province, and her mother, Catherine Meinzer, from Baden, Germany. Mary's mother died when she was about seven years of age. He: father had been reared a Catholic but was con- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 371 verted as a Protestant and took an active part in the building up of the Evangelical Association at Milwaukee and Hartford. After his marriage Bishop Horn renewed his industrious labors in Wisconsin, being located successively at Port Washington, Fond du Lac, Chilton Mission, Gravesville, and at the same time looking after many isolated missions involving long and difficult journeys. The people among whom he worked were extremely poor, but they were willing to share the best they had with the minister. Bishop Horn and his family lived in houses poor as his people, and several of his children were born during that period of wandering and privation in Wisconsin. In the spring of 1871 at the conference, Bishop Horn had been elected presiding elder of the Mississippi district. The duties of that position would have kept him away from his wife and four children practically all the time, and after presenting this phase of the matter he was relieved from the office. In the fall of that year he was sent as a delegate to the General Conference at Mapleville, Illinois. At that General Conference the Evangelical Magazine which had been conducted as a theological monthly and edited by Bishop Esher, was changed into a magazine for the Sunday school and family. To the post of editor, involving also the responsibility of editing the German juvenile literature of the church, Bishop Horn was chosen at that conference. It was the duties of this position which brought him and his family to Cleveland. Bishop Horn and his wife and four children arrived in Cleveland in December, 1871. At that time he says, big trees lined the principal streets, especially Woodland Avenue, and the town deserved the name Forest City more than it does now. For upwards of twenty years Bishop Horn gave his time and energies faithfully and successfully to his Work as editor. He made the magazines and various periodicals under his charge prosperous publications and a source of the greatest benefit to the church and the people. However, to the end he retained a characteristically modest attitude toward his work and it was in keep.: ing with his great simplicity of character that he would never confess that he was bigger and broader than his task. His introduction to the field of literary effort needs to be told in his own words to be properly appreciated. "My beginning as an editor never had its like in the church and perhaps not in the world. I had never been in a printing establishment before and yet I was to edit not only the German Juvenile Literature for the church but also establish a new family and Sunday School Magazine, without having the least knowledge of the business or the material to start with. "I was shown to a little shabby dusty corner in the publishing house, called an office, with a few bare shelves, but not a book on them except a copy of Webster's dictionary. I noticed a few wooden blocks lying around and was wondering what they were there for, without having the slightest idea that they were wood cuts used for illustrations. So you may believe me when I say that I almost trembled when the little printer `devil' knocked at the door and asked for copy. But in spite of the ignorance, want of experience, and means, in spite of all the difficulties, the Christliche Kinderfreund, Lamuerweide, Sunday School books and even the almanac were edited and the new magazine was not only properly launched, but to my astonishment met with unexpected success. "As the so-called office was abundantly supplied with spiders, flies and other domestics, but entirely void of any literary material, I was thrown upon my own resources, the few books in my private library, my imagination and experience. I described the latter as I had found it, what I had done, heard, seen, thought and dreamed in the mysterious wild woods and among the Indians in Wisconsin, as also my reception in the empty editorial office, and this seemed to please the readers, for it brought encouraging letters and a pleasant smile on the face of the publisher when he noticed how the subscription list was growing from month to month. At the following General Conference I was re-elected by acclamation." In the course of time he came to take the greatest pleasure in his editorial work, especially on the Evangelical Magazine. About 1875 the matter was broached to him of becoming successor to the editor of the Christliehe Botschafter, the leading denominational publication of the Evangelical Association. He unequivocally declined to consider such an office, since he did not believe he had the ability to edit the weekly church paper. During the next four years, however, the Botschafter lost many subscribers, and the responsibility for that situation was laid at the door of Bishop Horn because of his earlier refusal to assume the responsibilities of editorship. From that 372 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS time forward he resolved that however he might regard his individual ability, he would accept any task or responsibility laid upon him by his church. Thus at the General Conference of 1879 at Chicago he was elected editor of the Christliche Botschafter, and he was the active head of that journal, published at Cleveland, until he was given the more important work of a bishop of the Evangelical Association. As editor of the Botschafter he saw its circulation and influence grow, until it had a larger number of subscribers than ever before. He was editor of the Botschafter during the trouble which threatened a permanent break in the Evangelical Association, and his conscientious and fearless work through the colums of that paper may be largely credited with saving the church from collapse. Bishop Horn was thirty-two years of age when he came to Cleveland to assume his editorial post. He was the youngest editor ever elected in the church. From the time of his ordination as a deacon in Wisconsin until he resigned his office as bishop in 1915, constituted a period of over half a century, probably the longest individual service rendered by any man in the church in America. Bishop Horn and wife celebrated their golden wedding anniversary and it was nearly three years later that their companionship was broken by his death. Mrs. Horn is still living, and also their six children, three daughters and three sons. The daughters are : Miss Ella, a teacher in the public schools of Cleveland ; Mrs. Harry J. Lamb ; Mrs. George Bellamy; while the sons are Frank, Oscar and E. W. Horn. OSCAR J. HORN is a Cleveland lawyer, a member of the bar nearly twenty years, and has acquired many interests that identify him definitely with the professional and civic life of this city. Mr. Horn is the youngest son and was the fifth child in a family of the late Rt. Rev. William Horn, a beloved bishop of the Evangelical Association whose home was in Cleveland for many years and whose interesting life is the subject of a separate article in this publication. Oscar J. Horn was born at Cleveland September 24, 1872, soon after the family came to this city. He attended the public schools, graduated from the Central High School in 1891, and from Adelbert College in 1895 with the degree A. B. For three years he was a student in Western Reserve Law School. While attending law school he also gained much valuable experience working in law offices and also as an employe in the legal de. partment of the city. He was admitted to the bar in November, 1899, and has always practiced alone. For a time he shared offices with Minor Norton and Judge S. S. Ford in the Society for Savings Building, but has had offices in the Engineers Building since it was completed. For the past eight years he has been legal representative of the Brotherhood of Locomotive Engineers, his duties as general counsel comprising a large part of his work as a general practitioner. Until 1916 for about four years he was also local representative as loan agent at Cleveland for the Northwestern Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee, until that company discontinued its Cleveland office. Mr. Horn is also interested in a number of real estate organizations, and with three associates owns a farm of 700 acres in Portage and Summit counties, Ohio. Farming is one of his diversions and he enjoys nothing better during a relief from office practice than getting out on the farm and taking a real hand in its work. He is fond of outdoor life in general, and is a baseball fan and a motor enthusiast. In politics Mr. Horn is a republican, but has always been strictly independent in municipal matters. He is affiliated with Woodward Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Other organizations in which he has membership are the Cleveland Athletic Club, Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Civic League, Cleveland Automobile Club, and the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations. He and his family are members of the East Seventy-fifth Street Evangelical Church, of which he is one of the trustees. June 8, 1916, he married Katherine M. Hostetler. Their marriage was the last marriage ceremony performed by the venerable father of the groom, Bishop Horn. Mrs. Horn was born at Dover, Ohio, where both her par- I ents, Joseph H. and Caroline (Myers) Hostetler are still living. Her father is a lawyer at Dover. She was educated in the schools there, and is a graduate with the degree Bachelor of Arts from the Woman's College of Western Reserve University. Before her marriage she was a teacher in the East Technical High School of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Horn reside at 2124 Stearns Road. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 373 HENRY NOVILLE, who was born in Cleveland June 6, 1879, left public school at the age of twelve years to go to work as bundle boy in the department store of E. R. Hull & Dutton. Thus while still a young man he has had a very busy career and a long experience in business affairs. Going to work at an age when most boys are in school, he developed ability to look out for himself and has been steadily progressing toward larger things and an improved position in the business community. At the end of three years when he left the department store he was assistant window trimmer. Another year he spent clerking in the offices of the Standard Oil Company, and then entered the service of his uncle William Noville in the wholesale ice cream and oyster business. He was there three years, a time sufficient to. give him a rather thorough knowledge of the business, and this experience he used to organize The Forest City Oyster Company, his associates being Henry M. Longo and A. A. Kerr. In 1912 Mr. Noville was elected president and manager of the company, and for the past six years its successful operation has been under his direct supervision. The first year the company was organized they did a business worth $50,000, and in 1917 the value of the business aggregated $150,000. About fifteen men are employed in the different branches. This company handles northern cultivated oysters exclusively, the well known "Seal Shipt Brand," and through them this product is distributed through all parts of Northern Ohio. Mr. Noville's father was Henry Noville, Sr., a native of Alsace-Lorraine. On locating at Cleveland he worked as a pattern maker with the Cooperative Stove Company. He retired from business in 1904 and died in 1907. After coming to Cleveland he married Amelia Dickson. They were the parents of seven children : Louise, now Mrs. Charles Lapp of Cleveland ; Julia, deceased wife of Fred S. Smith; Ida, present wife of Fred S. Smith of Memphis, Tennessee ; Lillian, Mrs. H. F. Peter of Cleveland ; Henry; Elsie, Mrs. Christ Hennis of Cleveland ; Belle, Mrs. James Walsh of Cleveland. Mr. Henry Noville is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Rotary Club and is a republican voter. On June 5, 1901, in this city he married Belle R. Wheaton. They have two children, Donald A., a student in high school ; and Robert B. HENRY A. BECKERMAN, attorney at law with offices in the Engineers Building, is a man of many varied interests that identify him closely with good citizenship as well as high professional standing in Cleveland. Though a resident of Cleveland since he was two and a half years of age, Mr. Beckerman was born in Germany, March 3, 1881. He is a son of Sol and Theresa (Lent) Beckerman, the former a native of Warsaw, Poland, and the latter of Germany where they were married. His father was educated as a rabbi in Germany and later came to America, preceding his family four weeks, and at Cleveland his first work was as rabbi of Anshe Emeth congregation. He was there ten' years, and then became rabbi of the Bohemian Temple on East Fortieth Street. He also served as, superintendent of the Hebrew Relief Society. He died April 7, 1905, and his wife in 1911. They were the parents of six children; three sons and three daughters, the two older born in Germany and the others in Cleveland : Nathan C. and Henry A. are both attorneys at law; Julius J. is in the jewelry business at Cleveland ; Sarah is a teacher of piano ; Yetta married James Brockman and lives in New York City; Dorothy is Mrs. Maurice Klein, wife of an insurance man of Cleveland. Henry A. Beckerman finished his literary education in the high school of Cleveland. He left his literary studies to specialize in the study of violin, but later turned his attention to the law. He studied law with Clifford Neff and also attended the Baldwin University Law School, from which he graduated LL. B. in 1901. He was not yet of legal age when he graduated and was not admitted to the bar until 1902. He then opened an office in the American Trust Building with Abraham Kolinsky as a partner under the name Beckerman & Kolinsky. This partnership was dissolved after ten months when Mr. Kolinsky took up special service under the late Mayor Tom Johnson. Mr. Beckerman retained the clientage of the firm, and in 1906 formed a partnership with S. J. Deutsch under the name Beckerman & Deutsch. They were together for a year and since then Mr. Beckerman has practiced alone in the Engineers Building. He is one of Cleveland's prominent republicans and during the past ten years has been in charge of the speakers' campaign, including two presidential campaigns, when Mr. Taft • and Mr. Hughes were candidates. He has 374 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS looked after the meetings and handled many other details of campaign management. He was also campaign manager during the mayoralty contest for Davis, Baher and Frank Hogan. For a number of years Mr. Beckerman has been a member of the Republican Executive Committee, is a member of the Twenty-second Ward Republican Club, and in 1914 was appointed a deputy state supervisor and inspector of elections, being one of the bipartisan board composed of two members from each of the major parties to supervise and conduct all elections both general and special, in Cuyahoga County. His term in that office expires in May, 1918. Mr. Beckerman has been through all the chairs of the Knights of Pythias, served as chancellor commander of Deak Lodge, Knights of Pythias, is a member of Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the H. B. and S. V., the Independent Aid Society, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Civic League, Western Reserve Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations. He is a thoroughly outdoor man, fond of wholesome recreation and sport, and has followed baseball and football. He is a member of the Euclid Avenue Temple and also retains membership in the temple of which his father was at one time rabbi. Mr. Beckerman resides at 2051 East Seventy-seventh Street. September 12, 1904, he married Miss Tillie E. Kline. Her father is Rabbi Aaron Kline of Cleveland. Mrs. Beckerman was born in Cleveland, is a graduate of the Central High School and the Cleveland Normal School, and was a successful teacher in the city for five years before her marriage. They have three children, two sons and one daughter, Stanley M., Robert Jason and Edith Theresa, all born in Cleveland. JAMES GORMSEN. Twenty-five years ago when he came to Cleveland James Gormsen was a new arrival from his native land of Denmark, practically unacquainted with American ways and business methods, master of a trade but had to commend himself to the community without capital or special influence. He is one of Lakewood's most substantial citizens, and as a business man his success is well known in that part of the city. He was born in Denmark October 6, 1870, a son of John and Christina Gormsen. From the age of thirteen, when he left the public schools of Denmark, he worked on his father's farm three years, and at sixteen became a blacksmith's apprentice. He put in four years learning the trade in the thorough fashion which is characteristic of the Danish mechanics, and after that worked as a journeyman one year. It was at this point in his career that he came to Cleveland and accepting the first honest work that offered he was for a year and a half a farm hand on the Lee Road east of town. For six months he was a blacksmith in the employ of Jake Smith in Cleveland, and followed the same trade for Lyman, the horseshoer, until the fall of 1893. By that time he had accumulated a modest amount of capital and had experience which justified him in establishing a shop of his own at Lakewood. For fourteen years he was in business at that shop, and then erected a three-story building at 18519 Detroit Avenue. This building he used for the display and storage of a large stock of hardware and implements, but at the end of two years sold the hardware business to G. H. Ruck, retaining the implement and harness department. Since then the business has enjoyed a rapid growth and in 1912 he put in a furniture stock, occupying the first two floors, of his building; the third floor known as Gormsen Hall is used for lodge purposes. In 1908 Mr. Gormsen erected a two-story business and apartment block at 18520 Detroit Avenue, naming it in honor of his son, The Roy. In 1914 there followed another two-story business and apartment building adjoining his original site, and this in honor of his daughter is The Hildur. It is located at 18517 Detroit Avenue, and part of the building is used for his business. Mr. Gormsen was elected a member of the Council of Lakewood in 1909 and has filled that office continuously, having been re-elected five times. He is a member of the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce, the Lakewood Retail Merchants Association, the Chamber of Industry, the Cleveland Automobile Club and of Lakewood Lodge No. 601, Free and Accepted Masons, and the Elks. He organized the Gorm Lodge of Danish Brotherhood and the lodge was named for him. In politics he is independent and in religion a Lutheran. December 15, 1894, at Cleveland Mr. Gormsen married Anna Carlson. Their two children are: Hildur, now a student in Dyke Business College; and Roy, attending the public schools. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 375 RALPH M. NORRINGTON. While he was educated for the law, Ralph M. Norrington has probably never handled a case in court nor conducted a law office, and has been almost exclusively identified with some line of practical business since he left college. Since coming to Cleveland he has made his chief success as an executive officer operating the Cleveland Taxicab Company, nqw the Cleveland Taxicab and Service Company. He is just the type of man who is capable of developing such a business to the plane of an important and indispensable public service and much of what The Cleveland Taxicab and Service Company means to the people of Cleveland today is a reflection of the constant study and careful management of Mr. Norrington. Under the old name of The Cleveland Taxicab Company this business was incorporated May 1, 1911, with A. W. Ellenberger as president, L. A. Sheets, vice president, and S. S. Olds, Jr., as secretary and treasurer. At that time the company erected a substantial two-story building on One Hundred Seventh Street near Euclid, furnishing floor space 140 by 100 feet., When Mr. Norrington came to Cleveland he was associated with The Cleveland Taxicab Company as assistant superintendent, later was promoted to superintendent, and in November, 1915, became general manager. In February, 1916, he became secretary, treasurer and general manager of the company and in November, 1917, he bought out the entire business, changing the name to The Cleveland. Taxicab and Service Company and is now preparing to reincorporate under that title. He has done much to enlarge and improve both the facilities and service, installing several special departments. The company now employs from thirty-five to forty chauffeurs and other men, and maintains a livery service of ten Packard touring ears and also two service trucks. Mr. Norrington was born at Bay City, Michigan, October 17, 1888, son of Henry H. and Frances E. (White) Norrington. He was educated in the public schools of Bay City, graduating from high school in 1905, and later entered the law department of the University of Michigan, where he graduated LL. B. in 1911. From law school he removed to Toronto, Canada, and with his brother Robert W. became identified with the financial brokerage business in the firm of R. W. Norrington & Company. He was there three years, and then came to Cleveland and took up the associations which have already been described. Mr. Norrington is a member of the Zeta Psi college fraternity, is a republican, and is unmarried. CAPT. MARCO BOZZARRUS GARY was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1859. He soon exchanged the role of a diligent young attorney for the uniform and service of a soldier, and as an artillery officer his fame is secure in the annals of the war. The half century of life that remained to him after this struggle was spent in the exacting duties of his profession and in answering numerous calls to public duty and responsibility. For many years Captain Gary was a resident of Cleveland, and his name is held in high honor in this city. He was born in Genesee County, New York, December 31, 1831, the youngest of a family of thirteen children, ten daughters and three sons. Four years after his birth his father, Capt. Aaron Gary, moved to Pennsylvania, settling on a farm near Albion, where the son was reared and where he acquired the rudiments of an English education. It was not until he was twenty-five years of age that he had made enough money to fulfill his ambition to study law. This study he pursued at Ashtabula, Ohio, for three years with the firm of Sherman & Farmer. Admitted to the bar in 1859, Captain Gary one year later opened a law office at Geneva and was there when the Civil war broke upon the country. At the very beginning of that struggle he enlisted in the Geneva one-gun battery for the three months' service. At the expiration of that time he joined his Captain Kenny in raising a full six-gun battery for three years enlistment. They soon had their men recruited and in September; 1861, as a lieutenant, Captain Gary assembled with his company at Camp Dennison near Cincinnati to prepare and drill for field duty. Later he was promoted to captain and was with what was known as Battery C of the First Ohio Light Artillery through the entire Civil war. He had command of his battery in some of the famous battles of that struggle and was with the army of Sherman in many campaigns, including the march to the sea. During the last two years of the war Captain Gary was in command of a brigade of artillery, consisting of three full batteries, his own and a New York and a Pennsylvania battery. Before being mustered out at the close of the war his excellent service and proficiency as an artillery officer were recognized by his 376 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS being offered a captaincy in the regular army But the war being over he expressed him self satisfied with military life, and returning to Geneva was soon in the full course of a busy law practice. Captain Gary had the honor of being the first mayor elected at Geneva. While engaged in practice there he met and married Miss Mila C. Pinney, with whom he lived happily until his death. After about five years in Geneva Captain Gary moved to Cleveland and entered the law firm of Gary, Gilbert & Hills. He gave up pointment from President Harrison as colhis partnership with that firm to accept ap lector of customs of the Port of Cleveland. Captain Gary was one of the close personal friends of former President Harrison. At the conclusion of his duties in this federal office he resumed law practice and only retired in the face of increasing years in 1900. Captain Gary was active in politics for years and one of the men of real prominence in the life and affairs of Cleveland. He was a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, was a charter member of Woodward Lodge of Masons and belonged to the Loyal Legion. The death of this honored old soldier and lawyer occurred April 27, 1909. He was survived by his widow, who died just five years later, and by two children, Georgia Mila and Marco W. Brief reference to the career of the son, Marco W. Gary, a well known real estate man of Cleveland, will be found on other pages. The daughter is Mrs. J. D. Cockcroft, of Northport, Long Island, New York. MARCO W. GARY is a civil engineer by profession, but for some years has been well established in the general real estate business at Cleveland, with offices at 506 Society for Savings Building. Mr. Gary was born in Cleveland January 29, 1881, a son of the late Capt.. M. B. Gary and Mila C. (Pinney) Gary. He was the younger of their two children. His sister, Georgia G., married J. D. Cockcroft, of Long Island, New York, son of the late James Cockcroft, who was editor and publisher of the American and English Encyclopedia of Law. Marco W. Gary was educated in the public schools of Cleveland and from the Central High School entered the Case School of Applied Science, and took the civil engineering course three years. His rather extensive experience in engineering circles has proved an invaluable asset to him in the real estate field. He worked for a time in the county engineer's office under William Evers and then for about four years was in the general contracting business on his own account. In 1912 he opened his office and has since been handling real estate, chiefly his own property. Mr. Gary is a republican in politics and member of the Emanuel Episcopal Church. January 9, 1905, at Cleveland he married. Nellie (Sausse) Shea, who was born and educated in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Gary have a most happy family of three children, and their home life is ideal. Their children are Francis M. and Margaret M., twins, and Georgia M. The son Francis attends the University School, while the two daughters are students in the Hathaway-Brown School for Girls. These children were all born in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Gary reside at 1901 East Seventy-third Street. He is a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club, the East End Tennis Club, and of Riverside Lodge, Knights of Pythias. EDWIN JAY PINNEY, a lawyer who achieved enviable prominence in his profession both in his old home town of Jefferson and at Cleveland, where he practiced for a quarter of a century, was the type of man who exacts much from himself and his opportunities and never allowed the ordinary obstacles to interfere with his progress toward certain definite ideals and objects. This was exemplified both in his early life of struggle to attain an education and also later as a successful lawyer when he sacrificed his time and influence again and again, without expectation of honor, merely to build up and create sentiment in behalf of prohibition. Mr. Pinney was born at Hartsgrove, Ashtabula County, Ohio, in May, 1847, and died at his home on Lake Avenue in Lakewood February 17, 1916, at the age of sixty-nine. He was laid to rest at his old home town of Jefferson, and the pallbearers were some of his old attorney friends who had been associated with him for years. He spent his boyhood working on his father's farm and attending district school. At the age of fifteen he entered the Geneva Normal School. He did work for his board and also paid his tuition by sweeping out the school-rooms. When he was seventeen he took up the duties df a country school teacher. The earnings from that work enabled him to attend Grand River Institute for several terms. When nineteen he began the study of law in the office of Northway & Ensign, but continued to CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 377 support himself by teaching, especially in the winter. At one time he was principal of the high school at Rock Creek and also at Jefferson, where his last work in the schoolroom was done about the time he was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1869. On July 4, 1870, Mr. Pinney opened an office at Jefferson, and was engaged in a successful practice in that city for twenty years, until April, 1890, when he moved to Cleveland. At Cleveland he continued his work as a lawyer until three weeks before his death. His first partnership was with John Gill at Jefferson, who died shortly afterwards. In 1879 the firm of Pinney and White was formed and for eleven years he and the late Alvin C. White had almost pick and choice of the legal business in their district. At the time Mr. Pinney moved to Cleveland the firm was employed on sixty out of the 350 cases then on the court docket. At Cleveland Mr. Pinney formed a partnership with Minor G. Norton. When Mr. Norton was made director of law of Cleveland Mr. Pinney became associated with former Judge C. W. Noble and Thomas C. Willard under the name Noble, Pinney & Willard. That partnership was discontinued after some years, and after that Mr. Pinney was associated, though not on terms of a formal partnership, with C. W. Dille and Mr. Willard. Mr. Pinney was many times elected as grand secretary and also as grand chief templar of the Independent Order of Good. Templars of Ohio. Both in this state and elsewhere he became known as an eloquent and convincing speaker on all phases of temperance and prohibition. For over thirty years he was a loyal advocate of the prohibition party. In March, 1895, he was nominated on that ticket in Cleveland for mayor, and was also prohibition candidate for Congress in 1902 from the Twenty-first District. At one time he was prohibition candidate for governor and several times for the office of judge of the Supreme Court. As a matter of duty he accepted various other places on the prohibition ticket. This political activity was not due in any sense to a desire for public office, but in order that his influence as a successful lawyer might be turned to some good account as a leader in a party in whose destiny he firmly believed. He was willing to go to any reasonable length to educate public opinion and keep together a party entrusted primarily with carrying out the prohibition platform. For many years Mr. Pinney was a member of the Ashtabula Society of Cleveland. He was survived by his widow, Mrs. Mary E. Pinney, and two daughters, Mrs. F. P. Coulton and Mrs. Mary A. E. Sibley, and a son, W. G. Pinney, all of whom now reside at Chicago. JOSEPH B. KEENAN, formerly of the firm Morgan & Keenan, with offices in the Guardian Building, is now a member of Headquarters Company, One Hundred Thirty-fifth United States Field Artillery, Camp Sheridan, Montgomery, Alabama. Mr. Keenan came to Cleveland immediately after completing his law course in Harvard University. He was born at Pawtucket, Rhode Island, January 11, 1888. That city has been the home of the Keenan family for three generations, and the mother is still living there. He is a son of Bernard A. and Sarah A. (Berry) Keenan. His father, who died in November, 1916, was without doubt one of Pawtucket's best known and most admired citizens. His bigness of heart, his kindliness and impulsive generosity made him hosts of friends and admirers among all classes. For a number of years he held the office of commissioner of licenses in Pawtucket an office similar to police commissioner in Ohio. He was as well known for philanthropy and charitable work as he was in politics, and he did much in behalf of the prisoners in the state penitentiary of Rhode Island. He died suddenly of heart failure at the age of sixty-four. The five children, all living, were born in Pawtucket. John, the oldest, now has charge of the advertising department of the Providence Journal. Bernard J. has received the degree Doctor of Philosophy at Brown University and has spent three years in special research abroad. The third• in age is Joseph B. The two younger children, both daughters, are Sarah and Mary, the former at home and the latter known as Sister Beptille, a nun in St. Xavier Convent at Pawtucket. Joseph B. Keenan attended the public schools of Pawtucket, graduating from high school in 1906, and in 1910 he completed the classical course in Brown University, receiving both the degrees A. B. and A. M. He has since taken special work largely along lines of political science during summer terms at Cornell University, University of Wisconsin, University of Michigan and University of Chi- 378 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS cago. His law course was taken at Harvard University, from which he received the degree Bachelor of Laws in 1913. He then came to Cleveland and in December, 1913, was admitted to the Ohio bar. In this city he began practice with the law firm of Stanley & Horwitz, a firm in the Williamson Building, but on April 1, 1916, entered practice for himself. April 1, 1917, he and Robert D. Morgan established the present firm of Morgan & Keenan in the Guardian Building. Mr. Keenan is unmarried and for the past three years has made his home at the University Club. He is a veteran of Troop A, Ohio National Guard, an organization comprising some of the best citizens of Cleveland. He has also served his troop as its secretary. He is active and influential in the republican party and when Roosevelt came to Cleveland in 1916 Mr. Keenan and two others organized the Hughes League of Cleveland. Mr. Keenan has given much time and thought to the union labor investigations and during his summer course at the University of Chicago he specialized in the subject of labor unions. He is a member of the University Club and the Knights of Columbus, the Cleveland Bar Association and St. Agnes Parish of Cleveland. He has been admitted to practice in the United States District Court. WILLIAM JAMES ZOUL, residence 2550 East One Hundred Twenty-eighth Street, Shaker Heights, is one of the younger justices of the peace and is living a very busy and useful life divided between his judicial and police court practice and varied public and social interests. He was born at Cleveland March 17, 1889, son of Joseph and Mary (Houck) Zoul. At an early age he learned to depend upon himself to get ahead in the world. He attended the public schools and graduated from the Cleveland Law School, Baldwin-Wallace University, receiving the degree of LL. B. June 3, 1915. Various public offices have received much of his time and he was formerly United States census enumerator, state deputy fish and game warden, deputy sheriff, constable and is now justice of the peace and police judge. When elected justice of the peace he was twenty-three years of age, the youngest justice of the peace in Ohio. During 1916 he performed over 3,000 marriages, thirty-three in one day, the biggest record ever recorded in the history of the county. Mr. Zoul was the first to offer his services free to enroll men for the selective draft. He is chairman of the military committee of the Benevolent and Pro. tective Order of Elks. He enlisted at the age of eighteen years as trumpetor, Company A, First Battalion of Engineers, two enlistments from July 22, 1907, to August 9, 1911, when he was honorably discharged. He is a member of the Ohio Fish and Game Inspectors' Association, belongs to the Young Men's Business Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, and is adjutant Army and Navy Union, Cleveland Garrison No. 3. He is identified with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias, the Sigma Kappa Phi Fraternity, and the Young Men's Christian Association. Mr. Zoul married June 30, 1915, Miss Grace M. Johns. FRANK SERVIS MASTEN. Few members of the Ohio bar, were more secure in the honors of their profession and the esteem of their associates than Frank Servis Masten of the firm Holding, Masten, Duncan & Leckie. Mr. Masten particularly excelled in the field of maritime, marine insurance and corporation law. He might have had some peers but hardly had a superior in point of ability and skill with which he handled the large and complicated interests entrusted to him and his firm. Mr. Masten was born at Goshen in Mahoning County, Ohio, October 16, 1865. His people were pioneers in Northeastern Ohio, having established a home in Mahoning County about the time Ohio was admitted to the Union. The Masten family has a complete genealogy going back a period of 400 years. Mr. Masten's grandfather was born in Mahoning County, near Salem, which was the original point of settlement for the Mastens in this state. He was a farmer. The paternal grandmother came from New Jersey to Ohio about 1802. Landon Masten, father of the late Cleveland lawyer, was born in Mahoning County in 1830 and died May 22, 1882. From farming, to which he devoted his earlier years, he turned to the legal profession and after his admission to the Ohio bar practiced at Canfield about ten years. Two of his legal associates were Judge Giles H. Van Hyning and Francis Servis. Landon Masten achieved a high position as a lawyer. He was also active in local politics as a republican, being affiliated with that party up to the-Tilden campaign of 1876. He married Harriet Santee, who was born' at Goshen, Mahoning County, October 13, 1830, and is now living at the age of eighty-eight in CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 379 Cleveland. Her father, William Santee, was also a native of Mahoning County and a farmer and a man of considerable influence in local politics in his section of the state. William Santee married a daughter of Gen. William Blackburn, who distinguished himself as a soldier in the War of 1812, and was son of a Revolutionary war soldier from Pennsylvania. Frank Servis Masten possessed those inestimable advantages bestowed by a good family name and by early associations with people of character and substance, though his own career from an early age had been one of self achievement. He attended the public schools at Canfield and in 1885 graduated Bachelor of Science from the Northeastern Ohio Normal College. This school conferred upon him the degree Master of Arts in 1906. While teaching school he learned and became proficient in the art of shorthand, and with that accomplishment he was admitted to the employ of the Big Four Railroad offices in the legal department. The general counsel for that company were H. H. Poppleton and S. H. Holding, and under these eminent lawyers Mr. Masten pursued his studies and may be said to have graduated from the legal department of the railroad company. After his admission to the bar in 1893 he continued in the office of the railroad until the fall of that year and then became law clerk with the firm of Goulder & Holding at Cleveland. In 1898 he was admitted to partnership, the firm. becoming Goulder, Holding & Masten, with offices in the Rockefeller Building. Mr. Goulder subsequently withdrew and from October, 1910, the firm was Holding, Masten, Duncan & Leckie, his associates being S. H. Holding, Tracy H. Duncan, Frederick L. Leckie. Probably no law firm in the state had a larger or more important elientage than this. The practice was largely in corporation, maritime and insurance law, and those were the specialties of Mr. Masten. Mr. Masten was also an officer and director in a number of business organizations for which his firm were legal counsel. In 1896 Mr. Masten was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the United States. He had practiced in the First, Second, Sixth, Seventh and Eighth United States Circuit Courts of Appeal. Much of his work had been before departments in Washington, D. C., involving matters affecting the shipping interests. Thus he had spent a large part of his time in the national capital. Perhaps a unique fact in his experience was that the first case he ever argued was before the United States Supreme Court. Mr. Masten was reared in a republican atmosphere, had mainly affiliated with the party, and was still aligned with it, though he retained some doubt as to the creed. Born a Quaker, and reared a Presbyterian, Mr. Masten married the daughter of a Methodist Episcopal minister and was a member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland at the time of his death. He belonged to a number of social organizations, including the Colonial Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, and the Rowfant Club. He was one of the organizers of the Rowfant, which is the leading literary club of Cleveland. He was a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a member of the Royal Order of Scotland, and the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. On October 16, 1889, several years before he was admitted to the bar. Mr. Masten married Miss Blanche Copeland, daughter of Rev. Anson and Minerva (Detchon) Copeland. Her lineage goes back to several notable New England families, and is even connected with John and Priscilla Alden. Mr. and Mrs. Masten had two children : Van Wilbur and Nella Blanche. CHARLES H. NEWMAN is a native of Cleveland, was one of the volunteers from this city during the Spanish-American war, and is connected with the Bishop-Babcock-Becker Company, one of Cleveland's largest local industries. Mr. Newman was born at Cleveland February 16, 1881, a son of Sigmund and Anna Newman. Charles H. Newman attended the grammar schools and the Central High School of Cleveland until he was about eighteen years old. In the spring of 4398 he enlisted in Troop M of the Second United States Cavalry and was with that organization for thirteen months during the period of the Spanish-American war. On returning to Cleveland he was made cashier of the Forest City Provision Company, remained with that firm two years, and then with his father's old concern, the Cleveland Window Glass Company, selling their goods on the road for seven years. When Mr. Newman first became identified with the Bishop-Babcock-Becker Company, manufacturers of soda fountains and other kindred wares, it was in the capacity of a clerk. He was made assistant to the general sales manager, for several years sold his cora- 380 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS pany's products on the road, and was then installed as manager of the Cleveland branch office. From that he was promoted to his present position as general sales manager. Mr. Newman is a member of the Rotary Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and is a republican in politics. July 15, 1904, he married at Cleveland Miss Rose Koerner. HARRY M. NORRIS has been engaged in the coal brokerage business at Cleveland for ten years. The special distinction attaching to his work in that field has been in developing a Canadian market for American coal mines. He was a pioneer in getting American coal used at Montreal, and the first year he opened that market he shipped 50,000 tons. In 1917 it is estimated that 1,250,000 tons have been shipped from the southern side of the Great Lakes to Montreal and more than half of that amount has been handled by Mr. Norris. For several years he has had the contract to supply all the public utilities of that city with coal, handled through his Cleveland office. Mr. Norris is a native of Montreal, in which Canadian city he was born July 5, 1876, son of William and Sarah (Stewart) Norris. He attended grammar and high schools in that city and one year in a college there. His first working position was with The Dominion Textile Company, and in two years he rose from office boy to chief clerk. Coming to the United States he located at Pittsburg, where he conducted a coal brokerage business until 1906. In that year he opened his headquarters at Sydney, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, and from that point he shipped extensiv.e quantities of coal to Montreal for two years. He then transferred his headquarters to Cleveland, where he is now in the general coal brokerage business, with offices in the Rockefeller Building. He also promoted The Keystone Transportation Company of Montreal, was its president the first year and has since been its traffic manager. Among other business interests he is president of the Campbell Motor Trucking Company. Mr. Norris is a member of the Traffic Club of Cleveland, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic Club, and Automobile Club. He is an independent in politics and a member of the Presbyterian Church. At Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, August 1, 1904, he married Jean Kerr. Their one daughter, Isa belle Agnes, is a student in the Lakewood public schools. WILLIAM M. NICHOLS. Not least among the industries that give prestige to Cleveland as a city are the clay products manufacture. One of the largest of these is The Cleveland Brick & Clay Company, of which William M. Nichols has been general manager and otherwise officially identified since its establishment. Mr. Nichols has been a resident of Cleveland for the past twenty years and is a native of the old Western Reserve of Ohio. He was born in Hiram Township, Portage County, May 31, 1855. The Nichols family was founded in America in 1700 by three brothers of the name who came from England, locating in New York, Rhode Island and Connecticut. This branch of the family is descended from the New York State settler. Mr. Nichols' grandfather was Capt. Andrew Nichols, a native of New York and captain of a company in the War of 1812. In 1832 he brought his family to Portage County, Ohio, and spent the rest of his years as a pioneer farmer. Paris Chandler Nichols, father of the Cleveland manufacturer, was born at Crown Point, Essex County, New York, July 10, 1823, and was nine years of age when he came to Portage County, Ohio. He grew up in a country district, had a common school education, and in 1851 went east to Massachusetts and married Miss Hannah Caroline Younglove. She was born at South Lee, Massachusetts. After his marriage Paris C. Nichols located on a farm in Hiram Township of Portage County, and developed a fine estate of 300 acres. He was an influential citizen, filled various offices of trust, and in 1880 was elected county commissioner for six years. He was a stalwart republican, and his life of usefulness and service made him a man of mark in his home county. Both he and his wife died at the age of seventy-two. They had two sons and four daughters, four of whom reached years of maturity. William M. Nichols grew up in the environment of the old home farm, attended local schools and the high school at Garrettsville. At the age of twenty he took his place on his father's farm and was identified with agricultural activities for many years. In 1896 he removed to Garrettsville, but the following year came to Cleveland and became connected with the Canton & Cleveland Brick Company. He was superintendent of the plant one year and after that was a director of the company CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 381 and superintendent until February, 1902. At that date he sold out his interests with that concern and established The Cleveland Brick & Clay Company with J. L. Higley of Canton as president, Mr. Nichols as vice president and general manager, J. C. Trask as treasurer, and F. M. Brady as secretary. At the present time Mr. A. L. Hendershot is secretary and treasurer of the company. Construction of the plant, located at Harvard Street and the Baltimore & Ohio tracks, was begun February 1, 1903, and the first brick manufactured in October of the same year. For some years they manufactured shale brick, paving brick, hollow brick conduits and fireproofing, but at the present time the output is exclusively shale paving brick. The first year they manufactured 5,000,000 brick and at the present time the plant turns out regularly 1,000,000 brick a month. Sixty-five men are employed in the business and it . is an industry of no inconsiderable magnitude. Mr. Nichols is a republican in his political faith. He married at Windham, Ohio, September 16, 1890, Miss Frances Higley, who was born and reared in Portage County, daughter of John L. and Elizabeth (Frary) Higley. CHARLES E. NEWELL has been connected with various lines of Cleveland industries and manufacture for thirty-five years. He is at present proprietor and owner of the Cleveland Pump & Supply Company, with general offices in the Guardian Building. This company was established by Mr. Newell and at first its business was chiefly as manufacturers' agent. Since 1911 the company has manufactured special automatic pumps for heating systems and specializes on pumps of varied sizes and suited for different conditions, under the name of the Cleveland Vertical Automatic Condensation Pump and Receiver. Mr. Newell was born in Phillipstown, Illinois, January 21, 1862, a son of Dr. David and Johanna (Johnston) Newell. His father, who was born at Mansfield, Ohio, in 1822, was educated in public schools, graduated in 1848 from the Western Reserve Medical College, and for upwards of forty years was a successful practitioner in Illinois. He lived in Richland County of that state until 1853, and after that in White County until his death in 1889. He was in many ways the leading citizen of White County, and at one time was considered one of the wealthiest men of the county. He was very active in church affairs. In White County he married in 1854 Johanna Johnston, and of their eight, children seven are still living. Charles E. Newell as son of a prosperous father was given a liberal education, at first in the public schools and later in the Illinois Commercial College at Carmi. In 1882 he came to Ohio, locating at Mount Vernon, where he spent a year learning the machinist's trade and mechanical drafting with the Cooper Engine Works. From there Mr. Newell came to Cleveland in 1883 and has been a resident of this city ever since. For a time he was mechanical draftsman with the Arctic Ice Machine Company, and from 1885 for three years was draftsman with the Cleveland Ship Building Company. He then bought an interest in the Chase Machine Company, a firm manufacturing marine engines, and was its secretary and treasurer until 1894. He then put his capital in the Cleveland Brass and Iron Bed Stead Company, with which he remained as secretary and treasurer until 1900, and following that for three and a half years was president and general manager. On closing out his interests with that firm Mr. Newell was secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Ice Machine Company for six years, and then established his present business, the Cleveland Pump and Supply Company. He is a member of the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Electrical League, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce, the Rotary Club and the Civic Club. He is member of the Lakewood Congregational Church and one of its board of trustees. In February, 1894, he married at Cleveland Helen Bassett. They have four children, Horace B., Kenneth D., Lawrence C., and Margaret. Kenneth is a student in high school and the two youngest children are in the grammar school. Horace was a student at Oberlin Academy and in May, 1917, enlisted for service as a member of Lakeside Hospital Unit, No. 4, U. S. Army, American Expeditionary Forces, and for a period was located at Rouen, France, until he was transferred, by request, to the aviation service. The Lakeside unit was the first American expeditionary force, and bears the proud honor of being the first unit to carry the American flag on European soil. AARON GEORGE HARBAUGH was one of the men responsible for the development of Cleve- land's interests as an oil manufacturing een- 382 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ter and was a business man of splendid executive and organizing power and resourcefulness. A native of Ohio, he was born at Canal Dover October 31, 1845, a son of Charles and Elizabeth Harbaugh. After his education in his native town he went to work as clerk in a drug store, but in 1867 his ambitious spirit led him to Cleveland, where he was one of the pioneers in the manufacture of lubricating oils. He began business here under the name A. G. Harbaugh, his original plant being located on old River Street. His business affairs grew and prospered, and on March 24, 1893, he incorporated as the A. B. Harbaugh Company, refiners and manufacturers of high grade lubricating oils and greases, and animal and vegetable oils. Mr. Harbaugh continued as president of the company until his death on May 1, 1897, when he was succeeded by his son George E. The company is still flourishing and has had a remarkoble record of growth and development. The general offices of the company are at 715 Prospect Avenue. The late Mr. Harbough became largely interested in East Cleveland real estate. So far as his business interests permitted he took an active part in the democratic party and in 1880 was sent as a representative from Cuyahoga County to the Ohio State Legislature. He was a supporting member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church. Aaron Harbanah married at Cleveland Mary E. Re;her. They became the parents of three children : George E.: Fred C., secretary and treasurer of the A. G. Harbaugh Company; and Charles R.: secretary and treasurer of the Atlas Bolt and Screw Company. George E. Harbaugh was born in Cleveland March 20. 1871. He was very studious as a boy and graduated from high school at the age of fifteen, and at the age of eighteen completed his education in Brooks Military School. He returned from school to find place as office boy in his father's company, and familiarized himself by practical experience with every detail of the Al refining and manufacturing business. When his father incorporated the company in 1893 the son was elected treasurer and four years later succeeded his father in the office of president. Mr. Harbaugh is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Gun Club, Willowick Country Club and is a member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church. CLEMENT W. STANSBURY'S high standing in financial affairs is evidenced by the fact that in 1916-17 he was president of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Institute of Banking. The Cleveland Chapter comprises a membership of about six hundred. Mr. Stansbury was born in Baltimore, Maryland, February 6, 1886, a son of Lemuel F. and Emily Ward (Lamb) Stansbury. His father was a commercial traveler and traveled out of Philadelphia for more than forty years. He died in Philadelphia November 14, 1916, at the age of seventy-three. The mother died at Cleveland June 17, 1908, aged sixty-one. Both were natives of Maryland and they were married in that state. The Stansbury family 'goes back to colonial days in Maryland. The central point of association for the family is an old colonial brick house erected more than two hundred years ago, still standing, and which sheltered several .generations of the Stansburys. A family genealogy has been published and makes a good-sized book. Lemuel Stansbury was drafted toward the close of the Civil war, but was never present'in action. Mr. Clement W. Stansbury's . maternal grandfather, George Michael Lamb, was a Thirty-third degree Mason. At that time it was necessary for candidates for this supreme honor in the Scottish Rite to go to Europe to have the degree conferred. Clement W. Stansbury is the only member of the family now living in Cleveland. He was the youngest of seven children, three sons and four daughters, of whom three daughters and two sons are still living. Dr. Nina J. Stansbury is a physician now practicing at Glendale, Ohio, but was in practice at Cleveland until 1917. George L. is comptroller of the Republic Rubber Corporation at Youngstown. Mrs. Herbert Page Beers lives at Highland Park, Illinois. Miss Ann E. is a resident of Philadelphia. Clement W. Stansbury was educated in the Cleveland public schools, attended East High School, and his business apprenticeship was three years of work with the American Steel and Wire Company of Cleveland; He left that company to become bookkeeper in the Garfield Savings Bankl September 25, 1905. From bookkeeper he has advanced to his present office as secretary. Mr. Stansbury is a republican, a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Hermit Club, Church Club and belongs to Emanuel Episcopal Church. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 383 He and his family reside at 1874 Grantham Road. September 26, 1911, at Canton, Ohio, he married Miss Evelyn Cole, who was born in Canton and finished her education in the College for Women at Western Reserve University. They have two children, born in Cleveland, John Cole and Evelyn Lamb. HUBBARD C. HUTCHINSON when sixteen years of age found an opportunity for service and to develop his talents for usefulness and financial ability with the Commercial National Bank of Cleveland, and he has been with that great banking house, now the National Commercial Bank, ever since and for a number of years has filled the post of assistant cashier. The National Commercial Bank is one of the largest financial institutions of Ohio, with resources of over $13,000,000. The other executive officers are William G. Mather, chairman of the board ; L. A. Murfey, president; C. L. Murfey, vice president ; and E. T. Shannon, cashier. Hubbard Cooke Hutchinson was born January 22, 1875, at Cleveland, son of Hugh and Rachel Hutchinson. He was educated in the Cleveland public schools and in 1891 went to work for the Commercial National Bank. He has since established other important business connections and is director and vice president of the Euclid Crane & Hoist Company, secretary and treasurer of the Bergholz Coal Mining Company, secretary of the Union Elevator Company. Mr. Hutchinson is a charter member of Windemere Chapter No. 203, Royal Arch Masons, is past master of Iris Lodge No. 229, Free and Accepted Masons, having served as master in 1905, and is a life member of Al Sirat Grotto, M. O. V. E. P. He is a republican voter, a member of the Bankers' Club of Cleveland, the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Advertising Club. His church home is the Methodist. On April 2, 1910, at Cleveland, Mr. Hutchinson married Alice Nelson Salsbury, daughter of Cary S. Salsbury. They have no children. ALBERT GEORGE STUCKY. An institution with resources of over fifty million dollars naturally exercises very careful and studied choice of its executive officials. Any active connection with the Guardian Savings & Trust Company of Cleveland constitutes a badge of honor and an evidence of business capacity and integrity above the average. Vol. II-25 In 1918 the company promoted to the position of trust officer one of its vice presidents Albert George Stucky, who sixteen years ago entered the service of the company as a clerk. Mr. Stucky is a man of quiet demeanor, but among his associates is known for his ability to accomplish a great volume of complicated work requiring unending patience and good judgment. Mr. Stucky is a native of one of the oldest centers of democracy in Europe, Switzerland. where he was born March 17, 1878, son of Edward and Elizabeth (Frey) Stucky. Since early childhood he has lived in Ohio, and finished his education in the high school at New Philadelphia, Ohio. He became a clerk in the trust department of the Guardian Savings & Trust Company in 1902. In 1913 he was made assistant secretary and assistant trust officer and from those duties was promoted to vice president and trust officer in 1918. Mr. Stucky is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Electrical League, Civic League and Cleveland Automobile Club. In Masonry he is affiliated with Glenville Lodge, Free & Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and Woodward Council, Royal and Select Masters. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. May 3, 1904, he married Miss Margaret M. Kinsey. CAPT. H. P. SHUPE. It is said that for every soldier at the front there must be half a dozen or more persons behind to render those services and prepare the equipment to insure the maximum of fighting efficiency. While all will readily recognize and yield the maximum of honor to the man in the trenches, there should be no disposition to minimize the importance of those who do the civilian work for the soldier in the army. Thousands of men who are doing most to insure the success of America's fighting arm wear none of the accouterments and trappings of military dignity. One of these Cleveland men is Capt. H. P. Shupe, who for many years of his life has been interested in military affairs, is a strenuous advocate of universal army service, was for many years an officer in the Cleveland Grays, and is now active in five organizations working for the welfare of soldiers. While under any circumstances the American army would get the most of his enthusiasm and cooperation, there is also a strong personal tie that reenforces him as a unit of service in 384 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the war. Captain Shupe has a son, Sergeant Benson P. Shupe, who enlisted at the age of nineteen and trained for the war at Camp Sheridan in Montgomery, Alabama. Five of his nephews wear the uniform of the fighting soldier, and his other son, Davis P., aged eighteen, will probably be in the ranks if the war continues another year. Captain Shupe was born in New York City, a son of Walter H. and Geneveve (Pierce) Shupe. His father was born in Richland County, Ohio, was a lawyer by profession, served at one time as prosecuting attorney of Richland County, and finally removed to New York City, where he practiced law for many years. When Captain Shupe was six years old his parents moved to a country home in Rockland County, New York, and the father went back and forth from this farm to his law offices in the city. In 1900 the parents came to Cleveland, and both died in this city and were laid to rest in Lake View Cemetery. Captain Shupe's mother was born in Massachusetts, and she and her husband were married there. They had nine children, five sons and four daughters, three of the sons and three of the daughters still living. Captain Shupe, who was fourth in age in the family, lived to the age of fifteen on his father's farm in Rockland County, New York, and attended public school there. For a number of years he has been active in business affairs at Cleveland, but since the beginning of the war has sacrificed business in order to do army welfare work. He joined the Cleveland Grays in 1892, and held all the offices in that company and was its captain for seven years after the Spanish-American war. During the war with Spain he was first lieutenant of Company A, Tenth Ohio Infantry. He retired from active military duty in 1907, on account of disability. He is a member of the various veteran organizations. Captain Shupe is chairman of the Chamber of Commerce Military Committee, is also chairman of the Military Committee of the Mayor's Advisory War Board, and an indefatigable worker in the cause of the Liberty loans. He has been very active in the Red Cross, and is chairman of the Canteen. Committee of that organization and is also active in Army Y. M. C. A., camp athletic and band funds movements. Captain Shupe has mingled directly with the rank and file of the soldiers, has done much to encourage them and also to learn their point of view and their particular needs. It is said that during a visit to Camp Sheridan he spent most of his tim among the private soldiers. While there he made out a list of improvements which he thought ought to be installed and the recommendations made were adopted and carried out to the general benefit of the camp. Captain Shupe is a prominent worker for the practical application of the president's principle of "Universal Liability for Service" and in a recent interview the Cleveland Plain Dealer reported him as saying: "I have sounded the opinion of typical citizens o many American cities and of men who have gone from civilian life into our army both as privates and officers. I find that practically all are intensely in favor of universal military training. Aside from the benefit of preparing us as a nation for defense against attack, such training would bring incalculable benefit to our young men. This is strikingly manifest to any person who visits our great camps and cantonments. You can see men who slouched out of Cleveland some months ago—young fellows not any too promising—who are now splendid specimens of the best type of American manhood." Captain Shupe in ordinary times is fond of the recreation of golf, but gave that game up entirely when the war came on so as to give all his surplus efforts to war activities. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic Club, Rotary Club, City Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Colonial Club, Highland Park Club and Civic League. March 4, 1896, he married Jeanette Benson. Mrs. Shupe was born and educated in Cleveland, and is prominent socially and in Red Cross affairs. Their children are : Benson P., Davis P., Marcella, and Marion. GEORGE ROBERT Molar has made success through his own strivings. He inherited nothing except the sterling honesty and intelligence of a Scotch father and the optimism of an Irish mother. He began to mingle with men and affairs when. a boy, and. work put him through school and has put him through the successive stages of a very satisfying career as a lawyer and business man. He was born at Cleveland December 12, 1862, son of Robert George and Jane (Greenlese) McKay. His father was born in Scotland and when only nine years of age began following the sea as a sailor. He sailed over all the oceans and closed his career as a sailor on the Great Lakes. About the time his son, George CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 385 Robert, was born he left the lakes and began work as a machinist and master mechanic. About 1870 he was sent to South Chicago by the late Henry Chisholm, who then owned the South Chicago Rolling dills, as general superintendent of that plant. He had been there only six months when he lost his life by being caught in a roll. He was killed July 2, 1870, at the age of thirty-seven. George R. McKay, though only eight years of age at the time, has a distinct remembrance of the day when the tragical news reached the family in Cleveland. Mrs. Jane (Greenlese) McKay was born at St. Catherines, Canada, and her father and mother were natives of Ireland. She and her husband were married at Cleveland and she died in this city November 21, 1884. There were two sons and two daughters in the family, one son dying in infancy. One daughter, Nellie Deane, died in May, 1893, leaving two chil- dren Grace and Mabel, the former now deceased, and the latter making her home with Mr. George R. McKay. The only living sister is Mary J., widow of I. J. Worton, of Cleveland. George R. McKay acquired his early education in the Cleveland public schools and at the age of twelve years went to work, and thereafter his education was due to earnest diligence in night schools and private study. In 1883 he entered the Western Reserve Academy at Hudson, completing the course in 1885. In the fall of that year he entered Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, a few months later went to Oberlin College, and from there to the Ohio Northern University at Ada. In these three institutions he was a student until June, 1886. The necessity of earning his own way was always present during these years. He worked as shipping clerk for the Otis Steel Company until 1887 and then gave up that position to take up the study of law. Mr. McKay was admitted to the Ohio bar June 6, 1889. From 1887 to 1889, while a student of law, he was bailiff of the Common Pleas Court under Judge Sanders. He studied law with the firm of Sherwood & Dennison. His work as bailiff required his time in the day, but he managed to put in several hours every night in the law offices. Another experience while a student of law was as deputy United States Marshal under Benjamin F. Wade of Toledo, then United States marshal for the Northern Ohio District. In November, 1889, Mr. McKay was elected a justice of the peace in Cleveland and filled that office 5 1/2 years, having been re-elected in 1892. His resignation from that office in May, 1895, is the first recorded instance of a justice resigning before the end of his term. Mr. McKay next accepted the office of assistant United States attorney for the Northern District of Ohio under Samuel E. Dodge. His appointment was conferred by President Grover Cleveland. One of Mr. McKay's best friendi was the late Virgil P. Kline, who was very insistent that Mr. McKay should accept the appointment as district attorney. He filled this office 4 1/2 years, until January, 1900, and then resumed private practice, in which he has been engaged ever since. While in the United States attorney's office in 1898 Mr. McKay was a candidate for mayor of Cleveland, being defeated by John H. Farley. During the Spanish-American war period he was lieutenant commander of the United States Naval Reserves, which was a part of the Tenth Ohio Regiment, but he was never in active service outside the state, being in camp at Columbus for a brief time. He was major of one battalion of this organization. He also gained the rank of major in the Ohio National Guard. For years Mr. McKay has been one of the foremost democrats in point of influence and value to the party in Cleveland. From January 1, 1912, to June 1, 1913, he was assistant director of law in Cleveland under Mr. Wilcox. Much of his time at present is taken up with large business affairs. In 1914 he organized the Associated Investment Company of Cleveland, a $1,000,000 corporation, formed for the purpose of engaging in the creative field of real estate development and building. It has had a most prosperous career since the beginning of operations in June, 1915, has carried out some important development work in several real estate allotments, and has furnished a safe and conservative medium for investors and home builders. Mr. McKay is secretary and manager of this company. In February, 1916, he also organized the Investment .Securities Company, also capitalized at $1,000,000. The purposes of this company are the buying and dealing in approved stocks, bonds, and the handling of leaseholds and mortgage loans, and also the organizing and financing of new companies and the securing of additional capital for enterprises of proved earning capacity. Mr. McKay is secretary and treasurer of this company. He is now head of the law firm McKay & Poulson, attorneys, with offices in the Guardian 386 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Building. His partnership with Mr. F. W. Poulson was formed January 1, 1916. November 8, 1893, Mr. McKay married Miss May Kimberley, daughter of David H. and Elsie A. Kimberley. Her father, now deceased, was formerly county treasurer of Cuyahoga County. Mr. and Mrs. McKay have two daughters, Jane G. and Martha K. The former was educated in the Laurel School at Cleveland, and in 1916 graduated from the National School of Domestic Science and Arts at Washington, D. C. The daughter Martha attended the Laurel School, the Oberlin High School, and is now a student of dramatic art at the American School of Dramatic Art, New York. Mrs..McKay died at her home in Cleveland December 23, 1914. Mr. McKay has long been actively identified with the social and civic life of Cleveland. He is a member of the Beta Theta Phi college fraternity, Forest City Lodge No. 388, Free and Accepted Masons ; Cleveland Chapter No. 148, Royal Arch Masons ; Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar ; the thirty-second degree of Scottish Rite Masonry. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Yacht Club, one of the charter members of the Cleveland Athletic Club, and served as a director 4 1/2 years, during which time the new club building was erected on Euclid Avenue. He is a member of the Shaker Heights Country Club, the Willowick Country Club, and the Cleveland Bar Association. Mr. McKay is the personification of energy and hard work, and for that reason he finds business a real recreation. When away from his office and home he also enjoys golf and yachting. His home is at 2052 East Ninetieth Street. SAMUEL ROCKER. If the Jewish community of Cleveland should seek the one man most broadly representative of all the ideals of the race, the varying interests and aspirations due to differing nationalities, and the man who has done most to consolidate and to bring into harmony not only the various inter-racial interests but those that in some degree differentiate the people from sturdy Americanism, there is no question that the choice would fall upon Samuel Rocker, editor and active head of The Jewish World, the only Jewish daily published between New York and Chicago. In view of his position and the power he has exerted it is extremely difficult to give anything like an adequate account of Mr. Rocker's career. He was born in New San detz, Galicia, in February, 1864. His early life was devoted to the study of Talmudic lore in the famous Yeshibas (Hebrew universities) in Hungary. On coming to America in 1891 he settled in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and later came to Cleveland, and established the first Yiddish printing shop. Here, especially in earlier years, he did considerable formal literary work. He is widely known as author of "Divre Chachomim" (The Sayings of the Sages). His work was not finished with the authorship of the manuscript. He also set it in type and printed the book. He also contributed to a number of Hebrew periodicals, weeklies and monthlies, and for a number of years was correspondent of the Jewish Daily News of New York. Practically ever since he came to Cleveland Mr. Rocker has been a molder of public opinion among the Jewish people of this city. He helped publish and edit the Jewish Star, the first Yiddish weekly in Cleveland or in the state. In 1908 he succeeded in organizing The Jewish Daily Press, the only Jewish daily in the Middle West. He became its editor, and under his management the Press became a vehicle not only for news but for the power of stimulating ideas in Cleveland and American Judaism in general. Finer examples of editorial language it would be difficult to find anywhere than in the columns of the old Jewish Press. Mr. Rocker has always been noticed as master of a forceful and convincing style. March 12, 1913, is an occasion for which he will always have a grateful memory and one which was significant among the Jewish people of Cleveland generally. On that date Mr. Rocker was guest of honor at a banquet given him by representative Jews of Cleveland, the hundred diners representing every element in Cleveland Jewry. Rabbis, attorneys, physicians, labor leaders, judges, writers and business men were all there to pay their respects to the man who helped make Cleveland Jewry known throughout the land. Primarily the banquet found its occasion in the rounding out of twenty-five years of literary activity on the part of Mr. Rocker. During the evening Mr. Rocker was presented with a loving cup as a token of esteem. A brief quotation from the address of one of the speakers of the banquet will perhaps serve to convey in some measure the value of Mr. Rocker's citizenship in Cleveland. "When Mr. Rocker came to Cleveland he found a very CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 387 small Jewish community. He watched the city grow and was an eye witness of the continuous stream of newcomers that poured into the forest city. He contributed his service to make the Jewish community an ideal one. He never advocated division of classes. The Jewish Press attempted to create a better understanding between the reform and orthodox elements; to arouse the self reliance of the struggling masses; to bring closer the employer to the employee. The Press advocated the ideal of Zionism and nationalism among the Jews. It fostered the spirit of Americanism." In 1913 Mr. Rocker became associated with The Jewish World and effected a consolidation of The World and The Jewish Daily Press, continuing the joint publication under the title The Jewish World. The publication offices are at Woodland and East Fiftieth Street. Mr. Rocker is a director of the Council Educational Alliance and is a member of more than fifteen charitable, religious and fraternal organizations. JOHN SUPPLE LYNCH spent his most active years in Canada, but lived in Cleveland for upwards of thirty years, and in this city most of his children have their home. John Supple Lynch was 'born in Dublin, Ireland, in May, 1814, and died at Cleveland February 8, 1898, aged eighty-four. He was of the old school English, his mother an English woman, though his father was pure Irish back to the time of the Irish kings. His parents in Ireland were wealthy ship owners and many times in early life John S. Lynch sat down to a table around which were gathered as guests of his father fifteen or more captains of vessels owned by the Lynch family. John S. Lynch went to Canada in the early '30s and came to Cleveland in 1868. In Canada he was a wholesale grocer and a brewer and after coming to Cleveland he went in the coal business on Ontario Street, near Broadway, continuing until about 1876. He had business capacity, but was not altogether fortunate, and in fact he lost two fortunes while in Canada and one in Cleveland. America did not seem to be a favorable soil for his activities. He was to the last a thorough Englishman, a lover of English sports and a great reader of the classic poetry of Great Britain. While living in Canada he served for a time as captain of the Canadian Rifles. He had sailed around the world and around Cape Horn on a sailing vessel three times. At one time while sailing in the Artie Circle his crew discovered some of the remains of the old Franklin Polar Expedition, one of the most famous of the expeditions which were lost in the frigid regions of the North. Mr. Lynch was a member of Grace Episcopal Church of Cleveland. He married at Kempville, Canada, in 1856, Eliza A. Noonan. She was born in Ireland, was brought to Canada by her parents when four years of age, and she died at Cleveland March 1, 1901, having survived her husband three years. She was always a home woman, a good mother and wife, and her life was expressed in devotion to her children. Concerning these children, seven in number, the following brief record is made. Albert E., the oldest, is a successful patent attorney, member of the law firm Lynch & Dorer, attorneys at law and patent solicitors with offices in the Society for Savings Building. William R. Lynch, the second child, is city passenger agent at Cleveland for the Big Four Railway Company. Warren J. Lynch is vice president of the American Steel Foundries and lives in New York City. Clara E. is supervisor of public schools at Cleveland. Bertha is Mrs. Herbert C. Wood, Mr. Wood being a Cleveland lawyer with offices in the Society for Savings Building. Victoria C. and Victor C. are twins, the former a teacher in the Cleveland public schools and the latter a patent attorney and member of the firm Lynch & Dorer, also president of the International Machine Tool Company. The three older sons were born in Canada, and the others are natives of Cleveland. JOSEPH J. PTAK occupies an enviable position in Cleveland affairs, due to many years of active association with business, finance and public positions. Mr. Ptak has spent nearly all his life in Cleveland, but was born at a place called Velky Vir in Bohemia, April 4, 1852. The year following his birth his parents Michael and Mary (Zacek) Ptak brought their family to Cleveland. Here Joseph J. Ptak acquired his education in St. Patricks parochial schools but left school when only eleven years of age. His first work was on a farm for two years, then for two years he was in Slaght's planing mill, and for four years was in charge of the paint department of the Ohio Wooden Ware Company. He spent a year learning the cooper trade with Phillip Boeplle, following which he had a long association for thirteen 388 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS years with the Lamson & Sessions Company, cutting wire and later making carriage bolts. For six months he was clerk in the law offices of Jackson & Athey, and then became head bailiff under Sheriff E. D. Sawyer for a year. For the past twenty years Mr. Ptak has been chiefly identified with the abstract business. He gained his first experience in that line as clerk with the firm of J. Odell & Sons, who finally made him a searcher. In 1898 Odell & Sons were absorbed by the Guarantee Title Trust Company, and Mr. Ptak was continued in the service of the new organization as superintendent and assistant secretary until 1900. In that year he resigned to become vice president and director of The Cuyahoga Abstract Company, and with this large and well known Cleveland house he is still identified, in the offices which he has filled for over fifteen years. Mr. Ptak represented the Twelfth Ward in the city council in 1883 and 1884, and represented the third district on the board of aldermen in 1887 and 1888, and was again in the council from District No. 10 in 1891 and 1892. He is a director of the Clark Avenue Savings Bank, member of the Bohemian Old Settlers' Association and The Old Settlers' Society of Cuyahoga County, is a democrat and a member of the Catholic Church. On November 19, 1872, at Cleveland Mr. Ptak married Mary Ptacek. They have three children : Joseph S., assistant secretary and treasurer of the Cuyahoga Abstract Company ; Adelaide M., wife of Anthony T. Horak of Cleveland ; Helen A., wife of John S. Mazanee of Cleveland. PETER D. QUIOLEY is well known in Cleveland professional circles, has offices as an attorney and counselor at law in the Rockefeller Building, but more and more in recent years his time and attention have been absorbed by the direction and management of various important business matters, encroaching more and more upon his professional work. Mr. Quigley was born at the summer home of his parents in Akron, Ohio, July 23, 1879. His father, H. C. Quigley, was at one time a manufacturer of stoneware in Akron, but the last twenty years of his life was in the real estate business at Cleveland. The mother, whose maiden name was Ellen Daly, still lives in Cleveland. She was the mother of five sons and one daughter, all living, Peter D. being the second in age. The latter grew up and was educated in Cleveland, graduated from the old Central High School with the class of 1895, and took his law. course in the law department of Western Reserve University. He was awarded his degree LL. B. with the class of 1899 before he had attained his majority. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in October of that year and has now rounded out nearly twenty years of membership in the Cleveland bar. He began practice associated with the late Jay P. Dawley, under.the firm name of Dawley & Quigley. When Judge F. J. Wing retired from the bench he entered the firm and became senior partner of Wing, Dawley & Quigley. After two years he withdrew and Dawley & Quigley again practiced together until 1907. For the past ten years Mr. Quigley has been alone and now gives much of his time to his business duties, represented by his position as director of several industrial companies. Mr. Quigley is independent in matters of politics, is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association and of St. Philomene's Parish of the Catholic Church. May 8, 1915, at Cleveland he married Charlotte (Bucklen) Brady, daughter of the late H. E. Bucklen of Chicago and Bertha (Redfield) Bucklen, who is still living in Chicago. Mrs. Quigley is a native of Chicago, was educated in private schools, and before her marriage to 'Mr. Quigley was the widow of the late P. J. Brady, a well known Cleveland lawyer. By her former marriage she has four children : Herbert B., Bertha, Joseph and Harley, all born in Cleveland, the oldest thirteen years old. DARWIN D. CODY began his life in Cleveland and to his native city he returned for his declining years. His record as a soldier, family associations, and his highly successful business career, are all features which •make him one of the most interesting personalities of the city. Cleveland has been the home of some members of the Cody family for more than eight); years. Darwin D. Cody was born at Cleveland December 25, 1838. He is a brother of Lindus Cody, an early Cleveland man, and is a first cousin of the late Col. William F. Cody, known and loved by two generations of Americans as Buffalo Bill. The family relationship, especially of its Cleveland members, is treated more fully on other pages of this publication. Cleveland was the home of Darwin D. Cody during the years of his childhood and youth CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 389 and here he attended public schools in East Cleveland, one of his teachers being Horace Ford, one of the famous schoolmasters of that time. He also attended Oberlin College. He was associated with two of his brothers in managing a part of the ancestral farm near Cleveland, and these brothers well earned the title by which they were widely known as the water melon kings of East Cleveland. They had a large acreage of their own and in course of time leased many other tracts of land which they devoted to the raising of melons, and they developed a wholesale business, shipping their crops to outside centers by all the avenues of transportation, railroad trains, lake boats and canal boats. The career of business which had thus prosperously started for Darwin D. Cody was interrupted by the outbreak of the Civil war. On April 24, 1861, he enlisted in the Cleveland Rifle Grenadiers as a private. However, he never went into service with that organization, though he was nominally on duty for three months. In August, 1862, he enlisted in Battery I of an artillery regiment commanded by General. Barnett. He and twenty-six other young men of East Cleveland were the local quota for that regiment. As an artillery man Mr. Cody continued in active service to the end of the war in 1865. He was in 'both battles of Fredericksburg, Chancellorsville, and at Gettysburg was in the .very center of action during those three days of critical fighting. After that battle his battery was sent south, joining the forces under Sherman in the Eleventh and Twelfth Army Corps. He participated in the siege of Chattanooga and was then sent to relieve Knoxville and helped fire some of the guns across the river opposite that place, a piece of strategy which alarmed the Confederates and caused them to raise the siege. Returning to Chattanooga, Mr. Cody was in the battles of Lookout Mountain and Missionary Ridge with the artillery forces, and subsequently for a time had charge of fifty-nine pieces of artillery captured at Missionary Ridge. From Chattanooga he was part of Sherman's army during the 105 days of continuous fighting and advance upon the City of Atlanta. After the fall of Atlanta he remained behind, under the command of Thomas, and much of the time was stationed at Dalton, Georgia, where the news of Lee's surrender reached him. After the surrender of Lee the Confederate soldiers came south and practically fought their way back home, so that the lines of the Union forces had to be picketed as if actual warfare still prevailed. Mr. Cody was at Chattanooga when Lincoln was assassinated, and soon afterward received his honorable discharge at Nashville. During the Atlanta campaign he served as quartermaster. The severest test of fighting that came to him in all the war was the more than a hundred days of continuous conflict during the Atlanta campaign and there was hardly a day when it did not rain, so that the Union soldiers practically lived in the mud and endured physical discomforts perhaps even greater than the modern armies in France are suffering. After the war Mr. Cody returned to Cleveland for a brief time, but shortly afterward moved to Grand Rapids, Michigan, where his career as a business man was made and where he attained a conspicuous position among the manufacturers, merchants and financiers of Western Michigan. For nearly twenty-five years he was engaged in the wholesale grocery business at Grand Rapids, being senior member of Cody, Olney & Company. This was developed as one of the old and reliable wholesale grocery houses of Western Michigan. After twenty years of active connection with the grocery trade he engaged in lumber manufacturing, being a member of the firm Putman, Barnhart & Company. He was one of a group of four men who handled extensive interests both in the grocery trade and in lumber manufacturing. Mr. Cody was a resident of Grand Rapids for thirty-five years. Having retired from business, he returned to Cleveland to reside in October, 1911. While at Grand Rapids he was one of the organizers of the Michigan Trust Company, his active associate being L. H. Withey. The Michigan Trust Company is today one of the big financial institutions of Michigan. Mr. Withey was president and Mr. Cody vice president of the company. He also was a factor in organizing the People's Savings Bank at Grand Rapids, and in this institution his active associate was the late Thomas Hefferan, one of the finest characters that have adorned the business amid civic life of that state. Mr. Cody has enjoyed an unusual range of association and friendship with the big business men of the last half century. One of his acquaintances was the late P. D. Armour. He had dealings involving many thousands of dollars with that great Chicago packer. Mr. Cody still possesses a letter which P. D. Armour wrote him about the time his son J. Ogden, now head of the Armour Company, 390 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS started out as a traveling salesman for the firm. The gist of this letter was to the effect that the older Armour would appreciate a substantial order given by Mr. Cody to the young man when he appeared as a means of encouraging him in his opening experience in business. In politics Mr. Cody has been an outright republican without deviation or shadow of turning from the time he cast his first vote. He was formerly a member of the Knights of Pythias, but gave up his active membership card. At Grand Rapids he belonged to numerous clubs, including golf clubs and country clubs, and since his return to Cleveland has had active membership in the Clifton Club and Westwood Golf Club. For twenty-eight winters he lived in California, fifteen winters being spent at Santa Barbara and other winters at Pasadena, San Diego and Los Angeles. While in California he was a member of many shooting clubs. Since relocating at Cleveland in 1911 his winters have been spent at Miami, Florida, which Mr. Cody regards as the Los Angeles of the Southeast. During all his years Mr. Cody has found constant enjoyment and recreation in hunting and fishing, and many of his closest friends outside of business associates have been gained through these diversions. As an old time merchant of Grand Rapids Mr. Cody furnished many thousands of dollars of supplies to the forces engaged in the construction of the Grand Rapids & Indiana and the Flint & Pere Marquette railways. Mr. Cody has never belonged to any church, but while at Grand Rapids was a trustee of the Congregational Church for ten years. In early manhood he married Miss Martha L. Lewis of New London, Ohio. Mrs. Cody died at Grand Rapids in 1909. Her two children are Lewis P. and Gertrude H. Lewis is the owner of the Grand Rapids Electric Company, and Gertrude is the wife of Roy S. Barnhart. Both Lewis Cody and Roy Barnhart are among Grand Rapids business leaders of today. Roy Barnhart's father was for many years a business associate of Mr. Darwin Cody. Roy now owns the Nelson Mather Furniture Company of Grand Rapids. Through his daughter Mr. Cody has three stalwart grandsons, Willard (now captain of artillery, U. S. A.), Darwin and Stanley Barnhart, and one granddaughter Harriet. In 1911, at Cleveland, Mr. Cody married Ida M. (Anthony) Rose. They have a beautiful home on Lake Avenue, built for the special convenience of themselves. One of the features of the home is a roof garden which has been the scene of many charming social events in Lakewood. It was on this roof garden that Mr. and Mrs..Cody entertained Buffalo Bill when he made his last visit to Cleveland. Mr. Cody at these visits would bring in all the little people from his neighborhood to meet his world famous kinsman, and Colonel Cody rewarded the admiration of the young people by telling them many of his favorite stories of days on the frontier. ALAN S. HOPKINSON is a prominent young business man of Cleveland, especially well known in insurance circles, and represents a name that has been connected with the insurance business here for upwards of half a century. His father, the late Harry G. Hopkinson, was born in Cleveland in 1860, was well educated, and did his first work as a bookkeeper with the Holt Lumber Company. From that he was employed on the Ohio Inspection Bureau in making fire insurance rates, but in 1897, upon the death of his father, succeeded him in the firm of Hopkinson, Parsons & Company, general insurance. He was a partner in that well known firm until his death in 1903. Fraternally Harry G. Hopkinson was well known in Masonry, a member of Halcyon Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and an officer in the Forest City Commandery of Knights Templar at the time of his death. He was a member of the Cleveland Fire Insurance Exchange, was a republican and a member of the Congregational Church. He married at Cleveland Luella T. Warris. Their three children are : Mrs. M. M. Chew of Cleveland ; Alan S.; and Clifford W. Alan S. Hopkinson was born at Cleveland January 17, 1886, attended the public schools, graduated from the West High School in 1903, and had one year of work in the Ohio State University. Returning to Cleveland, he became a sales representative for the firm of Hopkinson, Parsons & Company, general insurance, and when that business was sold to Phyper Brothers & Company he continued with that firm for six years. With C. L. Bur-ridge, Mr. Hopkinson then formed the Hopkinson-Burridge Company, doing a general insurance business. Mr. Hopkinson is secretary and treasurer of the company and is looked upon as one of the coming men in Cleveland insurance circles. He is affiliated with Halcyon Lodge, Free CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 391 and Accepted Masons, Forest City Commandery, Knights Templar, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, with the Cleveland Athletic Club, Gyro Club, Chamber of Industry, is a member of college fraternity Sigma Alpha Epsilon, and is a member of the Congregational Church and a republican voter. On May 25, 1912, he married Edna Baldwin. His brother, Clifford W. Hopkinson, was born at Cleveland July 11, 1892, was graduated from West High School in 1910, and in 1914 completed his college career in Western Reserve University. He also took up insurance work, at first in the partnership of Pinney & Hopkinson, general insurance, but on July 1, 1917, sold that and has since been vice president of the Hopkinson-Burridge Company. He has affiliations with Halcyon Lodge, Free & Accepted Masons, also with the Royal Arch Chapter, and with the Alpha Delta Phi college fraternity. He is a republican and a member of the Congregational Church. May 24, 1916, at Cleveland, he married Miss Isabel Lowe. LEVI TUCKER SCOFIELD. Cleveland's expression of its artistic life and the wholesome spirit underlying its material achievements owes much to the late Levi Tucker Scofield. Mr. Scofield gained distinction as an architect, engineer and sculptor, and, as has been well said, gained it without sacrificing his. ideals. As a young engineer his brilliant abilities attracted attention while serving in the Union armies during the Civil war, and he rendered service both as a soldier of the line and as a member of the engineering corps. For half a century he practiced his profession as an architect at Cleveland, and since his retirement his sons. have continued the family name in the profession. Mr. Scofield's most notable work as an architect and sculptor was the Cuyahoga County Soldiers and Sailors Monument, which occupies the most conspicuous site in the Cleveland civic center. It is a magnificent harmony of architecture and sculptural forms, and while a monument to patriotism it will also carry the name of its builder to generations yet unborn. Captain Scofield was a native of Cleveland and was born on the old family homestead on Walnut Street November 9, 1842. His parents were William and Mary (Coon) Scofield. This is a family with very prominent connections. The name has usually been spelled Schofield, but Captain Scofield followed the custom of his father and uncles in the spelling of the name. Captain Scofield's parents were natives of New York State. His grandfather, Benjamin, was a carpenter and builder in New York City, and brought his family west to Cleveland in 1816. Cleveland was then not more than twenty years old and had only a few hundred inhabitants. Thus for more than a century and through the services of three successive generations the name Scofield has been identified with the constructive upbuilding of this city. Grandfather Benjamin was responsible for the erection of many buildings in Cleveland and was one of the useful and respected citizens of pioneer times. William Scofield, father of Captain Scofield, learned the trade of carpenter from his father and subsequently became a leading contractor and builder. The period covered by his active work was the middle years of the last century, and in that time numerous business blocks and other buildings of the better class were constructed by him. He died in 1872. Of a prominent and old family Captain Scofield had unusual opportunities and advantages as a youth. He attended the public schools of Cleveland and early became associated with his father in the building business. He had decided talent in the artistic as well as the practical branches of the business and early became a student of architecture and engineering. At the age of seventeen he went to Cincinnati to gain better advantages, but at the outbreak of the Civil war, when he was less than nineteen years of age, he returned to Cleveland. He enlisted at the first call for volunteers, and as a private in Battery D of the First Regiment, Ohio Light Artillery, he served until the expiration of his term in 1862. He was then commissioned second lieutenant in the One Hundred and Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry and was promoted to first lieutenant in February, 1863, and became captain in November, 1864. Captain Scofield was an actor in many of the memorable battles and campaigns of the war, especially in the western armies and through the center of the Confederacy with Sherman. His first service was in Kentucky, where he participated in the pursuit of Kirby Smith. He was also among the Union troops chasing the raiding Morgan. As one of Burnside's army he took part in the campaign across the Cumberland Mountains into Tennessee, fought at the siege of Knoxville and at the repulse of Longstreet. During these early campaigns he 392 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS showed special ability in engineering, and this skill more and more attracted the attention of his superior officers. From occasional assignments to duty as army engineer he served continuously in that capacity from June, 1863, to June, 1865. In March, 1864, he was temporarily provost marshal of the Twenty-third Army Corps. Soon afterward he was appointed aide de camp and engineer on the staff of Gen. J. D. Cox. After Chickamauga he was in the general advance upon Atlanta, participating at Resaca, Kenesaw Mountain and other battles, and was present during the siege and capture of Atlanta. He was part of the army sent back in pursuit of Hood and fought in one of the most decisive battles of the war, at Franklin, and the following engagement at Nashville, which completely shattered the army of Hood and completed the conquest of the Mississippi Valley by the Union forces. Early in 1865 Captain Scofield rejoined Sherman's army in North Carolina, and was present at the capture of Raleigh and the surrender of Johnston. The war had given him many opportunities to test his ability as an engineer and on returning to Cleveland he renewed his studies with special ardor. Besides devoting himself to engineering and architecture he also paid considerable attention to sculpture. From Cleveland he removed to New York City and as architectural draftsman came in close touch with some of the leading architects of the time. After the conclusion of his professional studies Captain Scofield established his offices at Cleveland and was continuously identified with his profession until 1916. On account of ill health he retired in that year and he died February 25, 1917. The business is now carried on liy his sons, William M. and Sherman W., both of whom had long been associated with their father as architects. The dignity and utility of a host of buildings both private and public attest the careful work of Mr. Scofield as an architect. A mere enumeration of all these buildings would require a long list. Those of a distinct public character include the old Cleveland Post Office, the Cleveland House of Correction, the Athens and Columbus State Hospitals for the Insane, the Soldiers and Sailors Orphans Home at Xenia, the Cleveland Central High School, the Mansfield Reformatory, and the State Penitentiary at Raleigh, North Carolina. In 1902 Captain Scofield completed the Schofield Building at Euclid Avenue and East Ninth Street in Cleveland, one of the larger and better known office structures of the city. It is fourteen stories high and contains 429 offices. It is located in the heart of the downtown business district and was owned individually by Captain Scofield. Its site was one of the boyhood playgrounds of Captain Scofield. It is hardly necessary to give special mention at this point to the Cuyahoga County Soldiers and Sailors Monument, which is pictured on other pages of this publication and which is considered by many competent critics to be the finest monumental edifice not only in Cleveland but in the United States. It was a labor of art and love on the part of Captain Scofield. He devoted his services gratuitously to the enterprise for 71/2 years. He not only gave his art and his time but also paid from his private fortune obligations curtailed in the construction amounting to $57,500. This monument, which dominates the public square of Cleveland, was dedicated July 4, 1894. By a vote of the commissioners the bronze bust of Captain Scofield was ordered placed over the south door of the interior in recognition of "his brilliant services as an architect and sculptor to the people and to the commissioners." The only other living man so honored when the monument was completed was Gen. James Barnett, who held the highest rank of any soldier of Cuyahoga County and whose bust was placed over the north door opposite that of Captain Scofield. Captain Scofield was also architect and sculptor of the state monument known as "Our Jewels," which was placed in front of the Ohio Building at the World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. This monument was subsequently removed to the capitol grounds in Columbus, where it still stands. Captain Scofield was a fellow of the American Institute of Arcihtects and the first Cleveland architect to be taken into that body, and a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and the Grand Army of the Republic. He was the last survivor of that notable social organization of Cleveland young men called the Ark, which flourished before, during and after the Civil war, and comprised in its membership practically all the virile and influential younger men of the period. The founder of the club, William Case, died in 1862, and fifty-five years later death called the last member. Captain Scofield died February 25, 1917. Captain Scofield was a personal friend of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 393 John D. Rockefeller and one of the few men with whom the world's richest man played golf. On June 27, 1867, at Kingsville, Ohio, Captain Scofield married Elizabeth Clark Wright. Mrs. Scofield was one of Cleveland's great women and as such a special sketch is dedicated to her in following paragraphs. Mr. Scofield has three living children surviving him. His sons, William M. and Sherman W., have gained prominence in their profession as architects and now handle all the business established and built up by their father. Their offices are in the Schofield Building. The daughter, Harriet E., is the wife of Winthrop G. Bushnell, of New Haven, Connecticut. Another son, Donald C., was also an architect by profession. He was killed in a railroad wreck March 3, 1905, while on the way to the presidential inauguration at Washington with the Engineer Battalion of the Ohio National Guard, of which he was first lieutenant, commanding one of the companies. Douglas Franklin Scofield, the youngest of the family, died in 1911. He was a prominent young business man, and was identified with real estate operations. ELIZABETH CLARK SCOFIELD not only did a woman's work in a womanly way but dignified and enhanced the position of woman by a sincere and singularly effective part in the fields of religion and practical philanthropy. She gave herself unceasingly to the advancement and general interests of women and the cause of Christian benevolence. Elizabeth Clark Wright Scofield was born at Dorset, Ohio, February 9, 1845, daughter of Marshall and Sarah Ann (Jacobs) Wright. She came to Cleveland to pursue her musical studies at the age of twenty years, and on June 27, 1867, was married at Kingsville, Ohio, to Capt. Levi Tucker Scofield. For nearly forty-seven years, until her death on January 2, 1914, she filled the position of wife and mother in her home with a devotion which only her husband and children can properly appreciate. And from her home during practically all that time her influence radiated through numberless acts of kindness and of love and to many of the constructive movements promoted by Cleveland and Ohio women. Mrs. Scofield was the founder and first president of the Educational and Industrial Union, which eventually was merged in the Cleveland Young Women's Christian Associa tion. Of the latter organization she was treasurer for several years, and until a year before her death she served as its president. When the funds were raised for the erection of the association's present building at East Eighteenth Street and Prospect Avenue she was at the head of the committee which had that responsible work in charge. The committee of the association after her death spoke of her work and her character in the following well deserved words: "For twenty-five years her life had been interwoven with the activities of the association, and her faithful and self-sacrificing service in the various positions which she filled helped in large measure to bring its projects to fruition. A woman of rare personal charm and loving nature she endeared herself to everyone with whom she came in contact. Her sincerity was absolute and her loyalty to the association, its former presidents. and her coworkers never wavered; her friendship was a benediction. Though modest and considerate of the opinion of others, her abiding faith in the care and guidance of her heavenly Father opened her eyes to the heavenly vision, endued her with a keen perception of the possibilities of large service, and gave her the courage of her convictions. In every emergency she was strong and resourceful, she never swerved, and her quiet words of counsel always stilled troubled hearts and gave courage for more consecrated and determined effort." It was due principally to her efforts that the Baptist Home of Northern Ohio was established, and she was its incorporator, treasurer and steadfast friend. Another institution in which she had a notable part was the organization and direction of the Phyllis Wheatley Home, whose purpose, so splendidly fulfilled, has been to afford both home and training for young colored women. Mrs. Scofield was long prominent in the First Baptist Church of Cleveland. At one time she was member of the quartet choir. Music was her delight and she was talented, especially as a vocalist. She served as president of the Baptist Woman's Ohio Society, and when the Foreign Mission Jubilee celebration was held in Cleveland she was chosen to preside by a unanimous vote. Once she was offered the position of president of the National Women's Association and also that of the International Young Women's Christian Association, but declined because she preferred to concentrate all her work in Cleveland. Besides giving so much of her beautiful talent to her church 394 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS she was a charter member and soloist of the Cleveland Vocal Society and was the chief organizer of the Rubinstein Club and its honorary president at the time of her death. In those social circles which are considered the best because they stand for the best things of life Mrs. Scofield was always one of the most honored and beloved. Many of her old friends and those who came to know her character for beneficence have echoed with approval the tribute written by a friend in the following language : "A master spirit, a natural leader, a student of humanity, a sociologist of distinction, the most exalted type of Christian womanhood, make a composite picture of one of the most gracious and commanding figures among this generation of Cleveland's women. There was no situation so lofty in social life to which she did not add by her very presence. She enjoyed the highest social advantage, and the musical and artistic life and atmosphere of this Western Reserve were enhanced by her own contribution of art knowledge. She fostered every enterprise which would contribute to the happiness of the people and to the development of fine character." In response to the desire of many philanthropic organizations the funeral of Mrs. Scofield was of semi-public character. Rev. Dr. W. W. Bustard officiated at the ceremonies at her home and at the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church. JAMES ARTHUR FRY, now one of the prominent real estate operators of Cleveland, with offices in the Williamson Building, had a long and arduous apprenticeship in railroading before he entered business for himself. He has always worked on the principle of self help and has been making his own way in the world since early boyhood. He was born at Ogden, Michigan, November 23, 1876, son of James H. and Ida Fry. He began his education in the schools of his native village, but at the age of nine went to Toledo, Ohio, to live with his aunt, and while there he continued in the grammar and high schools until the age of fifteen. He next spent a year in Day's Business College at Cleveland, and at the age of sixteen was working as a stenographer in the freight claim department of the Lake Shore Railway Company. He continued in that position five years. An opportunity was then given him to become private secretary to the master mechanic of the Union Pacific Railroad Company at Cheyenne, Wyoming. He spent a year and a half in that Western city, was then transferred to Ogden, Utah, as a district clerk for the Union Pacific Company, was there another year and a half, and then returned to Cleveland, For three years he was city passenger agent for the Santa Fe Railway Company and resigned this office to engage in the real estate brokerage business. Besides the general buying and selling of real estate Mr. Fry has been a successful operator. The chief work to his credit in this field is the development of what is known as Oakwood Meadows No. 1, No. 2 and No. 3. This consists of a five-acre farm tract, an important and high class addition to Cleveland's suburban district. Mr. Fry is a member of Woodward Lodge, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter, Forest City Commandery, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Old Colony Club, and in politics is a republican. June 14, 1900, at Cleveland, he married Anna M. Pike. Their town home is at 1059 Lake View Road Northeast, and Mr. Fry also owns a beautiful home for winter residence in Yalaha, Florida. JOHN J. HOWARD, president of the Howard, Gorie, Webb Company, commercial lithographers, was born at Toronto, Canada, September 16, 1879, a son of William J. Howard. His father was born at Lockport, New York, and during his residence at Toronto, Canada, followed the machinist's trade. In 1891 he retired from that business, located at Cleveland, and in 1902 moved out to Vancouver, British Columbia, where he lived until his death in 1910. John J. Howard had a public school education up to the age of fifteen. Coming to Cleveland he worked as an apprentice with the Morgan Lithograph Company seven years, and then for six years was connected with the Forman & Bassett Lithograph Company. He withdrew from that to establish the Howard, Gorie, Webb Company, of which he is president. Mr. Howard is an independent in politics and a member of the Methodist Church. May 20, 1906, at Cleveland, he married Miss B. E. Silsby. They are the parents of three children : Isabel, Frederick and Martha, the two older now students in the public schools. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 395 HENRY HOLLAND. Far more than capital is needed in the founding of a solid business, personal practical experience being an essential factor. At the head of Cleveland's most important and prosperous enterprises will be found men whose training has fitted them for the positions they occupy, and one of these is Henry Holland, who is president and manager of the Cleveland Trolley Supply Company. An expert machinist and master of several trades, Mr. Holland is also an inventor, and many mechanical devices now in use originated in his active brain. Henry Holland was born at Biddle, Bradley Green, Staffordshire, England, January 6, 1862. His parents were Ralph and Mary Ann Holland, who spent their lives in England. During boyhood Mr. Holland attended school and then, with him as with many others, local opportunity determined his first field of work, the coal mines in his native shire affording employment until he was twenty years of age. When he left the coal pits he engaged for one year as tube cleaner with the North Staffordshire Railroad Company, and then answered the call of adventurous youth by setting sail for Canada, and after reaching Montreal he was employed for a year in the boiler shop of the Grand Trunk Railway. Having discovered by this time his decided mechanical talent, he went to work as a machinist in Trenton, Ontario, but at the end of six months grew homesick and returned to his native land. and during the six months he remained under his father's roof in Stoke-on-Trent, worked again as a machinist and then crossed the Atlantic once more, to Trenton, Ontario, Canada, and worked for six months for the Robert Wardell Company as a machinist. His next experience in the same line was in Toronto, Canada, where he was employed for two years in the Perkins Engine and Boiler Shops as a machinist. Mr. Holland came then to the United States and while at Detroit, Michigan, entered into a six months' engagement with the Murphy Wrecking Company as engineer on the lake vessel Charlton, after which, for one year, he worked as a machinist in the Dry Docks Engine Works. For the two years following Mr. Holland was engaged as erecting engineer with the Frontier Iron Works at Detroit and then went over to the Riverside Iron Works for six months as a machinist, and in the same capacity was with the Russell Wheel and Foundry Company for a year. His reputation in engineering circles was pretty well established by that time and he was appointed first assistant engineer of the pumping station by the Detroit Water Works Commission, and remained about twelve years. During that long period he carefully studied to improve the service and equipment and remedied many defects. Mr. Holland determined about that time to embark in business for himself and therefore resigned his office at Detroit and organized the United Electric Railway Supply Company, of which he was general manager at first and later president. This company manufactured trolley supplies of Mr. Holland's own invention. In 1901 he disposed of his interests in Detroit and came to Cleveland and here started. the H. Holland Trolley Supplies Manufacturing Company. This also manufactures trolley bases and devices that Mr. Holland had invented. In 1910 he sold the business but remained with the new owners as superintendent and as expert machinist for one year. He then again went into business for himself and forming a partnership with Ernest Beckedorff, started the Cleveland Trolley Supply Company.. In 1913 the business was incorporated and Mr. Holland has been president and manager ever since, F. A. Hopper being secretary and treasurer, and Charles W. Hohmeier shop superintendent. This company manufactures Mr. Holland' s inventions exclusively, and the following is a partial list of the company's products : Trolley bases, conductor's stools, motormen's seats, trolley harps and wheels of various types, window catches, balance hoists, and also design cranes for electric railroad supply cars, railway block systems (a joint patent), both bell and light being operated by rail or trolley tension, and a crude oil burner for domestic use. As may be seen Mr. Holland's inventions are entirely practical and it is a source of great satisfaction to him that they are really useful. His trolley appliances are being utilized all over the country. Mr. Holland was married in the City of Toronto, Canada, to Miss Eva T. Townswell, who died in February, 1917. Mr. Holland has a daughter, Muriel G., residing at Lakewood, Ohio, and a stepson, Alfred T. Bennett, who married Lucile Cassidy, by whom one child was born, Harry. By a former union of Alfred T. Bennett to Alice Bennett, of the same name but not related except by marriage, he has two children, Muriel and Franklin. Alfred T. Bennett resides in Lakewood, Ohio. In polities Mr. Holland is an independent 396 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS voter. He is an attendant of the Episcopal Church and fraternally is identified with the Modern Woodmen. He is a man of acknowledged mechanical ability and of high personal standing. A. WARD FOOTE. A candid investigator into the sources of Cleveland's just claim of business superiority and consequent wealth and wide opportunity will not go very far before he realizes that largely in the manufacturing interests of this beautiful city lies her independence. A combination of circumstances have resulted in bringing here men of practical ideas and thorough training along many lines, who have seen their opportunity and have had the courage and business vision to grasp it, and the result is that sound enterprises, in the line of manufacturing, have been developed which have brought industrial prosperity and thereby have added to the general welfare. One of the far-seeing, practical men of this class who came to Cleveland a quarter of a century ago, after considerable experience in machine shops and on railroads, was A. Ward Foote, who is now president and treasurer of the Foote-Burt Company, which turns out $1,250,000 worth of drilling and boring machinery a year. A. Ward Foote was born at Guilford, Connecticut, October 5, 1865: His parents were Andrew W. and Charlotte A. Foote. The youth had public school advantages until he was seventeen years old and then went to Hartford, Connecticut, and became a machinist apprentice with the firm of Pratt & Whitney, a concern that manufactured machine tools. It was his own choice of trade that placed him here, for he had considerable natural aptness in the handling of tools, and he willingly served out his four years of apprenticeship, during the first year receiving 60 cents a day, 70 cents during the second year, 90 cents during the third and $1.20 during the fourth year. For three years afterward he worked with the company in the drafting room. Mr. Foote then went to Louisville, Kentucky, where he was employed as a machinist in the motive power department of the L. & N. Railroad for a time, later as a draftsman, still later as a locomotive fireman and then as locomotive engineer. When he left the road he was serving as assistant master mechanic. That was in October, 1891, and he came then to Cleveland and for three months afterward was assistant superintendent of the Rogers Typograph Company. He then entered into partnership with E. B. Barker, under the firm name of Foote and Barker and with a capital of $2,500, for the manufacturing of drilling and boring machinery, and continued until 1897, when Mr. Foote bought Mr. Barker's interest and then went into partnership with his father-in-law, P. H. Burt. They engaged in the business under the style of Foote, Burt & Company and continued under that caption until 1906, when they incorporated their business as the Foote-Burt Company, Mr. Foote becoming president and treasurer, D. E. Randeles, vice president and manager, and S. G. Burt, secretary. Remarkable prosperity has attended this enterprise as the result of Mr. Foote's thorough understanding of the trade and the careful, prudent policy pursued by the company. At present the product of their manufacturing plant is being shipped all over the world to which transportation lines are open, and the plans of Mr. Foote for the future open still further development of trade territory. He has lived to see many of his early hopes brought to fruition, and that his personal success has come largely through his own unassisted efforts reflects only credit. Mr. Foote was married at Cincinnati, Ohio, October 24, 1892, to Miss Winnifred Burt, who is a daughter of P. H. Burt. They have one daughter, Katherine, who is a pupil in the Hathaway-Brown School for Girls. Mr. Foote and family attend the Episcopal Church. In political affiliation Mr. Foote is a republican. He has always done his full duty as a citizen, supporting measures that have appealed to his sense of right and justice and contributing liberally to public-spirited and charitable enterprises. In the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce his opinions are listened to with respect. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and belongs to such well known organizations as the Union and the Cleveland Athletic clubs, the Mayfield Country Club and the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, counting many warm personal friends in each. HARRY F. NEWELL in addition to his duties as an executor of the estate of his honored father, the late Clarence L. Newell, built up and maintains an active relation with the Cleveland business community of his own, and is one of the well known and popular citizens of this " community. The late Clarence L. Newell, who died December 7, 1912, was one of the valuable men CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 397 to the life and advancement of Cleveland for many years. Few families are bound by so many ties of long association to this part of the New Connecticut of Ohio as the Newells. The first members of the family came to Cuyahoga County from the Mohawk Valley of New York State about 1805, less than ten years after Moses Cleaveland had brought the first surveying party to this point on Lake Erie. The Newells located at Brecksville. One of them was Thaddeus Newell, great-grandfather of the late Clarence L. Newell. At his death he was laid to rest in the Brecksville Cemetery, and that city of the dead now contains four generations of the family. Rufus Newell, grandfather of Clarence, was in the active years of his life when he came to Cuyahoga County. John Newell, father of Clarence L., was born in Cuyahoga County in 1812, and lived here for many years as a farmer and factor of influence in the development of his community. In 1858 he moved to Buchanan County, Iowa, and bought a farm on which he spent his last years. Clarence L. Newell was born at Brecksville in Cuyahoga County September 5, 1839, and lived to the age of seventy-three. Some of his early experiences were in getting out special timbers for dock and shipbuilding purposes. That in fact became his regular vocation and he continued in it until 1880. In 1882 Mr. Newell built an oatmeal mill at Cleveland, and was one of the pioneers in an industry which has assumed large and extensive proportions. His old mill was finally merged with the American Cereal Company, and he became a director in this larger corporation. For about thirty years Mr. Newell was identified with the real estate business as a dealer and developer. Obtaining a tract of forty acres in Lakewood he laid out the C. L. & L. R. Newell subdivision of Lakewood, and constructed Lakeland Avenue. He also donated right of way for Lake Avenue and Clifton Boulevard. His enterprise did much for the building up of the modern city and fostering all improvements. Among other interests he was connected with the Newell Quarry Company, which specialized in a product of silica sand used largely for moulding and art stone work, and also was interested in a number of enterprises among which was development of oil properties in Western Ohio. The activities of his long life made him a good and useful citizen without his having participated in politics beyond helping every movement associated with the good of the community. He was strictly nonpartisan in national affairs. In 1863 Clarence L. Newell married Miss Marinda Sanborn of Summit County, Ohio. There were three sons, Harry E., Charles L. and George S., all of whom were educated in the public schools. They became associated with their father in business. George S. died in July, 1910. Mr. Harry F. Newell was born December 26, 1865, at Richfield, Ohio, and besides his education in the public schools to the age of eighteen he attended the Oberlin Business College for one year. On returning to Cleveland he was employed as bookkeeper by the Buckeye Oatmeal Mills, the industry which had been founded and was owned by his father. When this plant was sold to the American Cereal Company, Harry F. Newell became associated with his father and his uncle Levi R. Newell in opening the allotment at Lakewood above described as the C. L. and L. R. Newell allotment. Harry Newell was secretary of the company. Later the Newell brothers dissolved partnership and Clarence L. took complete charge of the allotment property, placing his son Harry in charge of the sales and the building. With the death of Clarence L. Newell in 1912 the surviving sons, Harry and Charles, were appointed executors of the estate and to the administration of the various interests Harry Newell has given much of his time since that date. He is also a director of the Cleveland National Machine Company and a director of the Fidelity Mortgage and Guarantee Company. Mr. Newell has had considerable military training, having joined the Cleveland Grays in 1892, served as a sergeant, and is still a member on the retired list of that organization. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of In dustry, the , Cleveland Athletic Club, Automobile Club, is non-partisan in politics like his father and fraternally is affiliated with Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Forest City Commandery Knights Templars, Eliadah Lodge of Perfection and Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and AI Sirat Grotto. Mr. Newell married Martha B. Hartley, a native of Lewistown, Maine. They were married in Cleveland. Their only child, Theodore R., aged nineteen, is now a student in the Ohio State University. 398 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS HENRY TURNER BAILEY, who came to Cleveland in 1917 and has since been dean of the Cleveland School of Art and adviser in educational work of the Cleveland Museum of Art, for many years has been a prominent art teacher in his native State of Massachusetts. Through his connections with various prominent schools and his output as an author his name is widely known both in America and abroad. He was born at North Scituate, Massachusetts, December 9, 1865, a son of Charles Edward and Eudora ,(Turner) Bailey. His father was a mechanic and shoe manufacturer. Through his mother he is descended from Humphrey Turner, a brother of John Turner, who came over in the Mayflower. Henry Turner Bailey is a brother of Albert Edward Bailey, an educator, lecturer, and author of numerous religious and art works. Henry Turner Bailey was educated in the public schools of Scituate, graduating from high school in 1882. As a youth he learned the trade of printer. In 1887 he graduated from the Massachusetts Normal Art School at Boston, and during 1884-85 was a teacher of drawing in the night schools of Boston and in 1886-87 was supervisor of drawing of the City of Lowell. Mr. Bailey has also profited by five periods of study abroad, in Egypt, Syria, Constantinople, Greece, Italy and other European countries. From 1887 to 1903 Mr. Bailey was state supervisor of drawing with the Massachusetts State Board of Education. At his home in North Scituate he was editor of the School Arts Magazine from 1903 to 1917, and gave up those duties to come to Cleveland in the latter year. From 1908 to 1917 he was also a director of the Chautauqua School of Arts and Crafts. He served as United States representative at the International Congresses on Art Education at Brussels in 1898, at London in 1908, and at Dresden in 1912. Ill 1915 he was a member of the International Jury of Awards at the San Francisco Exposition. Besides many reports and numerous articles on art subjects Mr. Bailey is author of the following works : "Sketch of the History of Art Education," Massachusetts, published by the state in 1914; "Instruction in Fine and Manual Arts," published by the United States Government ; "Art Education," published by Houghton, Mifflin Company at Boston, and in Japanese for use in Government schools in Japan ; "Blackboard in Sunday School and Great Painters' Gospel," both published by W. A. Wilde Company ; "Flush of the Dawn," by Atkinson, Mentzer & Company ; "Twelve Great Paintings," by the Prang Company ; "Photography and Fine Arts," by the Davis Press. Mr. Bailey is a member of the Twentieth Century Club of Boston, the Boston Society of Arts and Crafts, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and the Society of American Authors. In his home Town of North Scituate he served as moderator of the Annual Town Meeting from 1900 to 1916, and was secretary of the Park Commission from 1908 to 1916. He was a trustee of the Newton Theological Institute of Massachusetts in 1915-16. He is an independent republican and was formerly deacon of the First Baptist Church of North Scituate. In Cleveland Mr. Bailey resides at 11441 Juniper Road. He married at North Scituate September 5, 1889, Josephine Litchfield, daughter of Israel and Rebecca Litchfield. Her parents were both descended from Lawrence Litchfield, pilgrim, who came to Barnstable, Massachusetts, before 1643. Mr. and Mrs. Bailey have five children: Elisabeth; Lawrence, who married Gladys Elliott of Scituate and now lives in Philadelphia ; Theodore, Margaret and Gilbert. GEORGE H. GANSON. The manufacture of brick, which engages many men of practical business foresight in Cuyahoga County, is one of the industries of antiquity, as many ancient ruins prove, and even then the art of combining different elements of the soil and producing durable building brick was brought to a high state of perfection. The first manufacturing of fire brick, however, came later. This brick, originally made from a natural compound of silica and alumnia, in most careful proportion, was exceedingly expensive, but modern science has discovered that certain clays in certain conditions may partly take the place of the still rarer soils and yet produce an article that is capable of sustaining without fusion the extreme action of fire. It can easily be understood by an intelligent person that the value of such a brick in modern building is great and its use almost universal. Tuscarawas County affords beds of the necessary clays and a large average of them are owned by one of Cleveland's leading manufacturing companies, the Dover Fire Brick Company, which has at its head one of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 399 experienced men of the industry in this country, George H. Ganson. George H. Ganson was born at Amherstsburg in Ontario, Canada, April 10, 1864. His parents were George W. and Jennie Catherine (McGee) Ganson, the former of whom was born at South Newberry, Ohio, in 1838, and died in 1900. His active years were spent as a mechanic in the City of Cleveland. George H. Ganson attended the public schools of Cleveland, both grade and high. He was seventeen years old when he entered the employ of the Dover Fire Brick Company and it is typical of his nature and temperament that in this, his first business position, he saw enough to make him realize that industry, intelligence and fidelity in almost any line of activity are the paths that lead to success quite as often as supposed great talent. By perseverance and close application to the duties assigned him he steadily rose in the esteem of his employers and in the course of time he became bookkeeper for the company and later took further strides and accepted the position of secretary and then treasurer. The Dover Fire Brick Company is one of the pioneer fire brick industries of Ohio and one of the post important. It was started in 1867 at Canal Dover, Ohio, and the concern became so prosperous that' in 1870 it was incorporated, with C. S. Barrett as president and manager, in which offices he continued until his death in 1908, when he was succeeded by George H. Ganson. The offices of the company have remained at Cleveland but in 1887 the plant was moved to Strasburg, Ohio, in close proximity to the company's clay deposits. At the present time of writing (1917) the company is erecting a second and larger plant, two miles distant from the first, which, in operation, will have a capacity of 100,000 brick per day, the capacity of the first plant being 50,000 fire brick per day. Employment is given to 125 people. A general line of fire brick and ground fire clay is the product. In October, 1889, Mr. Ganson was married to Miss, Susan E. Hawkins. who died May 26, 1904, survived by one daughter, Miriam Elizabeth, who at present is traveling in the Orient. Mr. Ganson was married second, on October 10, 1906, to Miss Minnie J. Miller, and they have twin sons, Curtis Barrett and George H., sturdy little lads of five years. Mr. Ganson was one of the founders and is an elder in the Fairmount Presbyterian Church. Politically he is a republican. He is one of the active factors in the Cleveland Vol. II-26 Chamber of Commerce, and his membership is valued in the Union, the Hermit, the Cleveland Athletic clubs, and the Mayfield and the Shaker Heights Country clubs. GEORGE C. GROLL has been instrumental in developing one of Cleveland's leading business houses, the Morgan Lithograph Company, of which he is superintendent and one of the stockholders. He combines to a successful degree the ability of the practical business man with that of the artist, and this happy combination has brought him a successful position. He was born in Cleveland August 2; 1861, a son of J. C. and Margaret (Shubert) Groll. His father was born in Bavaria, Germany. At the age of eighteen he accompanied a naturalist on an excursion to Mexico, spending two years in the tropical regions, and then came to the United States and located in Cleveland From this city he traveled as a commercial salesman for many years, and he died here about 1895. George C. Groll attended the public schools of Cleveland until sixteen, and then went abroad and studied art in Paris and Holland for about two years. On returning to Cleveland he entered the service of the Morgan Lithograph Company, and his work in the different departments has finally brought him a permanent interest in the company as a stockholder and superintendent. He is a member of the Cleveland Art Club, belongs to the Masonic Order, and is an active republican. However, he has never felt that his business duties would permit him to seek office, though he has used his influence privately to promote good government. He is a useful citizen and a man of well rounded character, in whose life the varied interests of business, home and family, club and practical citizenship find expression. June 25, 1901, Mr. Groll married Miss Mabel Caroline Bell, daughter of Milton A. and Adaline (Foster) Bell. A. C. ERNST was born with or early acquired a genius for mathematics. It was a genius with a practical turn for commercial life. Though he did not pose as such, he was an efficiency expert and business systematizer long before those phrases were in common use. As an auditor and certified public accountant he did important work on his own responsibility in Cleveland a number of years ago but his ambitions were not satisfied by the restrictions of a completely personal service and he used