400 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS his ability and experience to organize a concern of his own. Through his energy and versatile talents has been built up the organization known nationally if not internationally as Ernst & Ernst, certified public accountants, with offices in a dozen American cities and with business connections all over the country. At Cleveland, where the nucleus of the business began, the offices of the firm are in the Schofield Building. The firm also has offices and completely equipped staffs and organizations in New York, Chicago, Boston, St. Louis, Detroit, Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Dallas and Houston. A business like this is based not only on technical expertness, but like every other permanent commercial enterprise, upon the solid rock of integrity. Ernst & Ernst have long enjoyed the confidence of the leading financial, mercantile and manufacturing interests of America. Their services have been retained for confidential investigations and in an advisory capacity, and they have also done much public investigation. Rapid changes in methods of financing and the increased demands for certified financial statements in matters of credit caused the certificates and reports of Ernst & Ernst to enjoy increased prestige and standing in the great financial centers. Cleveland takes proper pride in claiming one of America's foremost public accountants. He was born at Cleveland and is a son of John C. and Mary (Hertel) Ernst. He grew up in Cleveland, attended the public schools, the West High School and a business college. He was regarded as an expert accountant before he reached his majority and he has concentrated all his enthusiasm and ambition upon one vocation and has never done anything else, having devoted all of his energy since leaving technical school to the accounting profession. He is managing partner of the firm Ernst & Ernst. Mr. Ernst is a member of the Automobile Club of America, the Bankers Club and the Railroad Club, all of New York City, the Business Men's Club of Cincinnati, the Toledo Club of Toledo, and the Union Club, Mayfield Country Club, Hermit Club, Cleveland Athletic Club and the Western Reserve Club, all of Cleveland, and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is a member of the Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants and the American Institute of Accountants. A certificate as certified public accountant was issued to him by the State of Missouri, as well as by many other states where the firm does an extensive business. When Mr. Ernst first organized the firm of Ernst & Ernst, it was barely known outside of Cleveland, but from modest beginnings its work has been extended and is accepted as authority in practically every large city and state. Many commissions of national interest and importance have been given this firm. An honor shared by the firm and especially by Mr. A. C. Ernst was his appointment as secretary of the Red Cross Ohio Flood Relief Commission, following the great floods in Southern Ohio. Governor Cox gave him this appointment in April, 1913. He had the burdensome responsibility of organizing a system of accounting and reports whereby all the funds would be accurately and systematically accounted for. The system he devised not only met every requirement of the emergency situation, but was also approved later by the auditors of the Treasury Department at Washington. This firm had the investigation of the financial affairs of "the first apostle," Alexander Dowie of Zion City, Illinois. They examined the affairs of the Cincinnati Trust Company, Cox's Bank, and made the disclosures which followed the investigation. They investigated the old Cleveland Electric Railway Company, and Mr. Ernst's important testimony given before Judge R. W. Tayler in the United States Circuit Court, led to the appointment of receivers. The firm disclosed the famous "fare box scandal," in which the late Mayor Tom L. Johnson of Cleveland was interested. They were appointed the first auditors of the Cleveland Railway Company, representing the City of Cleveland under the now famous 3 cent fare franchise. They made complete investigation and rendered expert testimony in the notable patent litigation suit, Vulcan Detinning Company vs. American Can Company, which led to one of the largest awards ever handed down in a patent litigation suit. They handled the complete investigation of the affairs of the Pope Motor Company of Hartford, Conn., under receivership, together with many subsidiary companies in other cities, including the plant at Toledo, later purchased by the Overland Automobile Company. They also investigated the East Ohio Gas Company during its negotiations with the City of Cleveland for a natural gas franchise. Probably one of the most important accounting undertakings due to the war was that in connection with the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 401 affairs of the International Mercantile Marine Company with its large number of subsidiary companies in this country as well as in England and other foreign countries. Mr. Ernst was retained by the Preferred Shareholders Protective Committee to defend the preferred shareholders against the threatened foreclosure by the bond holders. As a result of this investigation the foreclosure of the bonds was prevented and both the preferred and common shares rose in the stock market from practically nothing to very high values. The capitalization represented by the parent and subsidiary companies was in excess of $200,000,000. Mr. Ernst is a member of the board of directors of a number of important corporations. Not all his work is done in the field of business. He is one of Cleveland's most charitable and philanthropic citizens. He is one of the fiscal trustees of the Young Women's Christian Association. He is a trustee of the Windermere Presbyterian Church and no important charitable or philanthropic campaign in Cleveland has failed to find him giving his time and money to aid a worthy cause. THOMAS S. FARRELL is one of the most conspicuous men in the public life of Cleveland today. He is director of public utilities, having been appointed to that place as a member of Mayor Davis' cabinet. The director of public utilities has the responsibility of administering plants and equipment of the City of Cleveland representing a total investment of $25,000,000. His career is another example of the wonderful resources and power that reside in the individual character irrespective of environment or humbleness of calling. At one time Thomas S. Farrell was a hotel waiter, and he still retains and is proud of his card in the local waiters' union. For a number of years he has been one of the most conspicuous labor leaders in Ohio and his name is known among and his work is a factor of influence in the national councils of labor. Mr. Farrell was born in West Rutland, Vermont, December 25, 1878, a son of John and Bridget Farrell. His early education in public school was limited to what he could attain before he was ten years of age. He then went to work as a bell boy in a local hotel. At the age of fourteen he moved to Springfield, Massachusetts, and there and at Boston he worked in three different hotels as waiter, bell boy and clerk. In 1899, at the age of twenty-one, Mr. Farrell came to Cleveland. Here he was employed as a waiter with the Union Club and subsequently with various well known cafes of the city. In order the more effectively to serve the interests and welfare of his fellow workmen he resigned in July, 1902, to become business agent and financial secretary of the Cleveland Waiters' Union Local No. 106. That was his chief position and the object of his best thought and energies for nearly thirteen years. The union had 150 members when he became its business agent, and when he resigned it had 500 members. The wages in that time had been increased from $5 to $6 a week for an eleven-hour day seven days in the week to an average of $10 a week for a ten-hour day six days in the week. He proved aggressive also in getting other reforms, including sanitary quarters and dressing rooms. In July, 1914, Mr. Farrell became secretary of the Cleveland Federation of Labor. From that office he resigned on January 1, 1916, to accept the appointment from Mayor Davis as director of public utilities. From 1908 to 1916 he was also first vice president of the Ohio State Federation of Labor. Many times he served as a national delegate to the American Federation of Labor conventions and he has the acquaintance and friendship of all the great labor leaders in this country. In politics Mr. Farrell is a republican. He is a member of the Catholic Church and is affiliated with the Loyal Order of Moose and the Fraternal Order of Eagles. On June 14, 1904, after coming to Cleveland, he married Jennie J. (Byers) Fitzgerald, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Alonzo Byers, of Ravenna, Ohio. Mrs. Farrell died May 8, 1915. The one child of that union is Ethel, now attending Nortingham Convent. On Octdber 17, 1916, Mr. Farrell married Ethel B. North, of Greenville, Ohio, daughter of George and Maud (Spayd) North. Of Mr. Farrell's work as a labor man something surely should be said, and those who know him best will agree with an appreciation which appeared not long ago in a local publication : "Mr. Farrell is notably one of the Union labor leaders who have got into politics but who have kept politics out of Union labor. The services he has rendered labor in politics it seems to us even. outweigh the good he has wrought as a Union official. He was a member of the State Constitutional Convention and fought for the Workmen's Compensation Law, the initiative. and referendum, home rule for 402 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS cities, which proved to be far more beneficent and important than even its proponents could foresee, and helped draft the liquor license amendment. As a representative of labor during Legislative sessions at Columbus he has fought for the fifty-four hour law for women, factory inspection, safety devices for the protection of workers in dangerous callings, and other labor legislation. — "As a union labor champion naturally he was an enthusiast for municipal ownership. His name had been prominently linked with all public ownership campaigns in Cleveland and always as a proponent and fighter for the principle. This fact gave Mayor Davis a chance not only to toss a bouquet to union labor for its hearty support of his candidacy, but also to select one of their number whose heart was in the success of municipal ownership." Under Mr. Farrell's directorship the municipal light plant has been operated at a minimum of cost to the domestic consumers and has at the same time shown a profit. Equally gratifying results have been obtained from the operation of the municipally owned waterworks system. Mr. Farrell is a student as well as a man of affairs, and in the article above quoted it is said that he "has the vocabulary of an. English professor and the business ability of a captain of industry. He knows the writings of all the great economists, he pays the highest tribute of all to Samuel Gompers for his breadth of vision and intimate knowledge and sympathy of the world wide problems of labor. "Mr. Farrell," to quote another paragraph of the article above mentioned, "has for years handled delicate problems involving the welfare of many workers and many thousands of dollars in investments. He has constantly growri in the confidence and esteem of Union men and there is not a mark against his record on the slate of the employers with whom he has dealt in behalf of union labor. He has matched his wits with the best and the score is all in his favor. ' As he sits at his desk he looks at hoine. Also he looks like a Vermont Baptist preacher not long out of divinity school. His manner and talk are serious and the movie actors might learn something from watching him roll his eyes. Also it is said he has a punch that might well be practiced by Johnny Kilbane. Flippancy is no part of him; he has the whole air of a man accustomed to serious enterprises and who takes them seriously." GEORGE M. GARRETT. To the ordinary man or one of less talent the ability that is evidenced by the truly competent civil engineer is a matter of both wonder and admiration. He may look about him in his own neighborhood and be a witness of the changes taking place. Probably he does not always understand them until he sees the regulated streets and boulevards, the carefully laid out parks, the erection of water and other power plants, the putting down of sewers, all according to exact rule which the civil engineer knows. Further, while he may never have seen such feats of engineering as the tunneling of mountains, the bridging of mighty chasms, the harnessing of tempestuous waterfalls or the building of subways below busy and congested streets, yet he knows that these marvelous things have been done and that they are but a part of what his neighbor, the civil engineer, is able to accomplish. This profession, so vital, so necessary to the life of nations, deserves to be placed high in the list of useful arts and sciences. Cleveland has not been negligent in her encouragement of men talented in this line, and one whose achievements have reflected credit upon her as well as upon himself is George M. Garrett, who during the past eighteen years has established building and property lines and laid out the greater number of large buildings constructed in the business district within this time. George M. Garrett was born at Huron in Erie County, Ohio, January 1, 1870. His parents were George and Catherine (Myers) Garrett, who moved to Cleveland in 1871, George M. by but a few months escaping being a native of this city, to which he has always given the devotion of a son and in which he has achieved his enviable professional reputation. In the public schools of Cleveland Mr. Garrett continued a student until his graduation from high school in 1890. In May of that year he went to work in the city engineer's department as rodman, and, stowing great aptitude, became draughtsman and transit man and remained until a change in the city administration, John Farley being elected mayor, caused his discharge with others, for political reasons, in May, 1899. He then went to work for Samuel J. Baker, then county surveyor, with whom he continued until Mr. Baker's death in October of that year. . By this time, through much experience as surveyor, Mr. Garrett determined to put his thorough practical knowledge of civil engi- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 403 neering to the test in a business of his own. Although circumstances had not favored him in the way of technical schooling he had enjoyed unusual advantages of a practical kind, and shortly after establishing himself in the Cuyahoga Building he found great business encouragement and completed some very satisfactory professional work. In 1904 he removed to the Citizens Building and maintained his offices there until 1912. His next location was at No. 1900 Euclid Avenue, and three years later he took possession of his present well appointed quarters in the Erie Building. Here he carries on a general civil engineering business and it is with pardonable pride that he can point to the following list of notable buildings of which he had charge of construction as engineer: The Cuyahoga County Courthouse, the Bingham Building, the Ninth Street Terminal Warehouse, the new City Hall, the Old and New Guardian Building, the First National Bank Building, the Union National Bank, William Taylor & Sons Building, the Hippodrome, the Cleveland Trust Company Building, the Athletic Club, the Statler Hotel, the Halle Brothers Building, the Kinney & Levan Building, the Leader-News Building, the Winton Hotel, and was also engineer in charge of construction on Nela Park for the National Electric Lamp Company. This list, comprehensive as it is, by no means covers all of Mr. Garrett's professional accomplishments, but it serves to show the high measure of confidence felt in his capacity as a civil engineer by his fellow citizens, whose choice is not limited because of lack of engineering talent here. In March, 1896, Mr. Garrett was married at Cleveland to Miss Clara Clymonts, of this city, and they have two children, a son and daughter : Thomas. C., who is a student in the University of Michigan ; and Ruth Marian, who is attending Lakewood High School. Mr. Garrett has always been identified with the republican party. He is a director of the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce and is an active member of the Civil Engineers' Club, the West Shore Country and the Cleveland Automobile clubs. RAYMOND B. OLIVER, attorney and counselor at law with offices in The Guardian Building, has had a range of. experience and service far outside the scope of the average successful lawyer or business man. Mr. Oliver is an expert in many technical processes of manufacture and industry. Almost in a minute's notice he could leave his law office and transform himself into an efficiency expert in machine shops or other large industries. Were the records not at hand to substantiate his practical experience it would seem incredible that one person could adapt himself to expert service in so many widely separated departments of business, law and industry. Mr. Oliver was born at East Sparta in Stark County, Ohio, October 30, 1881. On both sides he represents a family long ranted as ministers and evangelists. His father, Rev. George F. Oliver, is now pastor of the Methodist Episcopal Church of Quincy, Illinois. He was born near Dennison, Ohio, and has been a Methodist minister since he graduated from Mount Union College at the age of twenty-two. He filled many pulpits in Ohio, was presiding member and elder of the East Ohio Conference a number of years, was then transferred to the Central Ohio Conference and from there to the Kentucky Conference, afterwards to the pastorate of the largest church in Wheeling, West Virginia, and from there went to Mattoon, Illinois, and then to Quincy. While presiding elder with headquarters. at New Philadelphia, Ohio, he had the supervision of more than eighty churches. He has been an extensive traveler and is a well-known author of religious and biblical works. He is personally familiar with the Holy Land and with many points of interest in Europe. Rev. George F. Oliver married Mary Baker. She is descended from the prominent Baker family of Philadelphia. Rev. Sheridan Baker, D. D., was a noted evangelist and as an author his books were for many years standard textbooks in theology, and as an author practically every Methodist minister is familiar with his output. Doctor Baker died at the home of the family in Wellsville, Ohio. His two daughters, Mary and Maggie, the former the mother of Mr. Oliver, were evangelistic singers in their younger days and noted for the splendid quality of their voices. They traveled with Doctor Baker, their father, all over the country in evangelistic work. Raymond B. Oliver is the oldest in a family of three sons and one daughter, all of whom are living. His next younger brother, Howard Taylor Oliver, is an importer and exporter at New York City and general manager and operator of the Oliver Trading Company, which conducts the Oliver fast trains between El Paso, Eagle Pass, Mexico City and San Antonio. This company has experienced practically no molestation from the Mexican bandits during the 405 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS troubled conditions in the Southern Republic in recent years. Howard F. Oliver married a daughter of the head of the paper trust, the late Mr. Reigel of Reigelsville, Pennsylvania. The only daughter, Mina Grace, is the wife of Morgan Clark of Wheeling, West Virginia, a member of one of the oldest and wealthiest families of Wheeling. Joyce, the youngest son, is now seventeen years of age and spent the summer of 1917 with his brother on the Mexican border. He was named for Bishop Joyce of the Methodist Episcopal Church. All these children were born in Ohio, but at different places where the parents resided during the varying pastorates of the father. Raymond Oliver was educated in the public schools of New Philadelphia, through the high school course, and in 1902 graduated Bachelor of Science from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. He then entered the law department of Yale University, where he took his Bachelor of Law degree in 1905. He was admitted to the bar of Kentucky in 1904, and the Ohio bar in 1905, and has been admitted, upon motion, in Indiana and Tennessee. He practiced at Cincinnati, Ohio, about a year and four months, and was then located at Louisville four and a half years, during which time he was field adjuster and attorney for The Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford. His active career began while he was still in college. The summer vacation of 1902 was passed as draftsman, in map and bridge work as assistant in the Engineering Corps with Thomas Rodd, chief engineer of the Pennsylvania line west of Pittsburgh. During the summer of 1903 he was clerk in the law office of W. K. Stanley of Cleveland, and in 1904 he was assistant to general counsel of the Great Central System at Cincinnati until that system was placed in the hands of a receiver. During 1905-07 Mr. Oliver was first assistant with Furber & Jackson, attorneys of Cincinnati, in real estate and banking law and general practice until the firm dissolved partnership. Then from February, 1907, to May, 1911, he was district attorney and field executive for The Travelers Insurance Company as above noted, his headquarters being at Louisville and his territory the State of Kentucky and fifteen counties in Southern Indiana and Northern Tennessee. From May, 1911, to March, 1912, Mr. Oliver was located in New York City as first assistant to Walter Jeffreys Carlin, engaged in the defense of food and drug litigation in Federal courts and interstate commerce matters. Mr. Oliver came to Cleveland in April, 1912, and until the following February was in practice for himself at the Rockefeller Building, handling mechanical cases and sales force in electrical and school equipment lines. Since then he has been connected with the legal department of the Pennsylvania Railway over its western lines. For one summer Mr. Oliver also had the experience of running a hotel in the Catskill Mountains. Among other important affairs he is now president of The. Cast Steel Foundry and Manufacturing Company of Cleveland. For a period of five years Mr. Oliver had active charge of the trial of over a hundred fifty lawsuits annually besides the preparation of briefs in hundreds of cases involving contracts, personal injury and negligence, insurance, partitions and mechanical cases and the settlement and adjustment of hundreds of claims of almost every type that comes to the attention of a lawyer. He has handled bank. ruptcy, injunction, incorporation, railroad, patents and food and drug matters. In the line of technical and business experience Mr. Oliver has had practically the experience of the office manager, the efficiency expert, the correspondent, the auditor, the book. keeper and the handling of the manifold details that comprise the technique of business organization and system. He has supervised, originated and introduced numberless plans and devices in the technical management of factories and other industries, and is a recognized expert on the great subject of safety appliances. Through a long experience he obtained more than a working knowledge of various classes of machinery, foundry processes, machine shop practice and his experience would involve a dozen or more of the great classes of manufacturing enterprise. It would be natural to expect that Mr. Oliver is an all round man both in his mental attainments and his physical activities. While in college and also at Yale he was active in track athletics and he still pursues such outdoor sports as golf, tennis and motoring. He is a' member of the Cleveland Tennis Club, the Beta Theta Pi fraternity, the Yale Alumni Association of Cleveland, the Ohio Wesleyan Alumni Association of Cleveland and the First Methodist Episcopal Church. His home is in Cleveland Heights. On November 30th, Thanksgiving Day of 1916, Mr. Oliver married Miss Hazel Carlton Lewis of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 405 Cleveland. Mrs. Oliver was born at Washington Court House, Ohio, was educated in he Ohio State University at Columbus, and prior to her marriage was postmaster in the United States sub-Postal Station, Higbee Company, at Cleveland. THOMAS E. GREENE has well earned his present position as a successful lawyer at Cleveland, to which he brought not only thorough knowledge and learning acquired by close study of the law but also an experience in practical affairs gained by his early career as a railroad man. Mr. Greene was born in Cleveland April 3, 1874, a son of John William and Mary (Horn) Greene. His grandfather, John William Greene, Sr., was in his time foreman of the old Pressley Shipyards at Cleveland. His wife was born in Ireland, came to Cleveland at the age of about sixteen, and they were married at old St. Mary's Church on the Flats. At the time of her death she was one of the oldest residents of the West Side of Cleveland. The grandparents lived in Saginaw, Michigan, about six years but then returned to Cleveland. Grandfather Greene was a native of England. John William Greene, Jr., was born in Saginaw, Michigan, andieame with his parents to Cleveland when he was about two years of age. He has been a resident of the city now for over sixty-five years, and has had a varied and active career. He is now in the mechanical department of the Public Utilities Department of the City of Cleveland under Tom Farrell. He is a stationary engineer by trade and has been master mechanic in charge of the pumping station. He has also been quite active in republican politics, and at one time served as waterworks trustee of West Cleveland, and was also master mechanic for the old Upson Nut Company. John William Greene, Jr., married Mary Horn, who died when their son Thomas was seven years of age. She left only two sons, the other being William Joseph, now connected with the American Ship Building Company of Cleveland. Thomas E. Greene was educated in St. Patrick's School, the West High School, also attended night school and for one year was instructor in one of the night schools of Cleveland. On leaving school he went to work in the railroad offices of the Big Four Company, first as messenger boy and then with added responsibilities until he was claim clerk at the time he left railroading to take up the practice of law. Altogether he spent ten years with the Big Four. Mr. Greene studied law in the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace University, gradtating LL. B. in 1901 and admitted to the Ohio bar the same year. He has also practiced in the federal courts. He was first associated with John Dowling, and the firm of Dowling & Greene continued two years, with offices in the Williamson Block. Since that time Mr. Greene has practiced alone. For the past five years his offices have been in the Engineers Building. He has been very active in politics for the past sixteen years and is a leading republican. On dissolving partnership with Mr. Dowling he was elected justice of the peace of the city and filled that position three years, and then for four years was assistant city prosecuting attorney under John A. Cline. He was a member of the campaign committee both times Mayor Harry L. Davis was a candidate for that office and has done much general committee work, has served as delegate to several republican state conventions and was many times elected from his home wards, the First and the Third, to county conventions. Mr. Greene is very prominent in fraternal affairs, being affiliated with the Fraternal Order of Eagles, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Loyal Order of Moose and the Woodmen of the World. He also belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association, the West Side Chamber of Industry, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, Knights of Columbus, and the Cleveland Automobile Club. For the past sixteen years he has been prominent in the Knights of Columbus, and for seven years has been judge advocate of the Grand Commandery of the Knights of St. John. He is inspector of the Seventh Regiment of Cleveland, having filled that office seven years. For five years he was chairman or chief ranger of the Catholic Order of Foresters, with a Cleveland membership of about 4,000 and an Ohio membership of 12,000. He has been delegate from Ohio to the international convention of the Order of Foresters, including the membership of that order both. in Canada and the United States. He has occupied this post of delegate for sixteen i con- tinuous years and is now candidate for inter national trustee. Mr. Greene is member of St. Rose Catholic Parish and his home at 11407 Clifton Boulevard is the most interesting point in all the world for him, notwithstanding his many activities outside. He is above all a family man. 406 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS October 19, 1896, he married Miss Maude Joyce, a native of Cleveland. They were married in St. Malachi's Church. Mrs. Greene is a daughter of Patrick and Matilda (Joyce) Joyce. Her parents, both now deceased, were of the same family name but were not related. Mrs. Greene was educated in St. Malachi's parochial schools. They have two young daughters, both highly educated and cultured young women. Merilla Maude, the older, was born at Cleveland, attended the St. Colman Parochial School, took the academic work in Our Lady of Lourdes and is now a student of St. Mary's College at Notre Dame, Indiana. Mildred Mary, the second daughter, is also a native of Cleveland, attended St. Mary and St. Rose Parochial schools and is now in the academic department of Our Lady of Lourdes. JOHN ALVIN ALBURN, attorney at law since 1904, was born on a farm at Pleasant Hill, Lawrence County, Pennsylvania, February 9, 1879, a son of John Frederick and Cecilia (Leubben) Album. When he was four years old, his parents moved to Youngstown, Ohio, where he graduated with honors from Rayen High School in 1897. After teaching a country school for a year, Mr. Album entered Adelbert College, from which he graduated with honors in 1902, two years later receiving the degree of Master of Arts and Bachelor of Laws from the graduate and law departments of Western Reserve University. Although completing the eight year course in six years Mr. Album earned his way through college through such positions as janitor, sales manager, night school teacher, business college instructor and assistant to the dean, and yet joined in all college activities, being a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon, Phi Beta Kappa and Phi Delta Phi fraternities, editor of the college paper, president of the College Literary Society and the University Debating Association, and secretary of the National Republican College League. Since his admission to the bar in 1904, Mr. Album has devoted himself exclusively to the practice of the law except in 1905, when he acted as chief probation officer of the Cuyahoga County Juvenile Court and again in 1911 when the Cleveland City Council elected him to fill a vacancy in the position of councilman at large. Mr. Album was in 1907 appointed assistant attorney general of Ohio and promoted to the position of special counsel to the attorney general in 1910. In this position he at some time or other acted as attorney for every department of the state government, as adviser to prosecuting attorneys, city solicitors and the general assembly and tried cases in most of the counties of the state, including such well known cases as the "Electric Mule Case," the " Cleveland Canal Case" and the "Voting Machine Case." In addition to a large general law practice Mr. Album is a recognized specialist in public law and corporation law, as is evidenced by his position as general counsel of the Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railway Company, his employment in special matters by the legal departments of the Nickel Plate, Erie Railroad and Pullman companies and the Attorney General of Ohio, his public law work in behalf of the Chamber of Commerce, the Automobile Club and the Civic League and his success with Attorney Fackler in the important case in which the Parrett-Whittemore Tax Law, providing a taxation system for the State of Ohio, was declared by the supreme court to be unconstitutional. Notwithstanding this strenuous professional work Mr. Album has always found time for civic and social activities, including service as chairman of sub-committees of Liberty Loan campaigns, appeal agent of the Provost Marshal General, legal advisor to Exemption Board, president of the Tippecanoe Club, chairman of the Public Affairs Committee of the City Club, vice-chairman of the Chamber of Commerce Rivers and Harbor Committee and membership in the Union, University, Automobile and other clubs and organizations. On October 10, 1911, he married Miss May-belle Murphy, of Columbus, and they have three children, Annabelle, Margaret and Joan. He is a member of the law firm of Price, Album, Crum & Album, in the Garfield Building. GEORGE ANDERSON GROOT of Cleveland, Ohio, was born in Shushan, Washington County, New York, August 3, 1843. His father was John Aaron Groot, late of Kipton, Lorain County, Ohio. Symon Symouse Groot, the first settler, came to this country in 1640 and settled in New Amsterdam, now New York City, and after residing there a number of years, he, after several chhnges, finally settled in Schenectady, New York. His mother, Eliza Jane, whose family name was Heath, was of English descent on both sides. Her ancestors came to this country in 1645 and located in Haddam, Connecticut. George CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 407 Anderson Groot first attended the common school in his native town. In 1850 his father moved to Brookfield, Waukesha County, Wisconsin, where he resided one year. Being dissatisfied with that location, he left there for his old home in Washington County, New York, in the spring of 1851. On the way down the lakes on board steamer, he fell in with a man who lived in Summit County, Ohio, tvho induced him to stop at Cleveland and go to Akron, which he did, and settled on a farm in Copley Township in that county. Here George, the eldest of eight children, worked on his father's farm, and attended the common school during the winter months. This continued until the spring of 1857, when his parents moved to Camden, now Kipton, Lorain County, Ohio, where they resided until their death. His father died in 1893, his mother in 1907. During the summer George A. Groot worked on the farm and attended school during the winter months, until the spring of 1860, when he entered Oberlin College at Oberlin, Ohio, and attended there one term. He, together with a neighbor boy, rented a room for 25 cents per week in what was known as Carpenter's Hall. Each boy furnished his own provisions and they jointly furnished the room, which consisted of a straw bed, blankets, towels, etc. He carried with him from his home each Monday morning in a basket provisions sufficient to last the entire week and returned home at the end of each week to replenish his stock of food. The distance from Kipton to Oberlin is five miles and he always made the journey on the railroad, "hitting the ties." Those were long and wearisome journeys, but with his boyish ardor for acquiring an education, with good health and elastic spirits, the obstacles and difficulties were thought lightly of. In the fall of that year he went to a select school in Camden, together with about forty girls and boys. The following winter he attended a grade school in South Amherst, where he supported himself working for his board. The following spring he hired out to work on a farm for that season at $12.00 a month, in order to obtain money to enable him to attend college at Oberlin in the fall. The first Sunday after the firing on Fort Sumter in April, 1861, he secured his release from his engagement and devoted the entire day visiting various of his boy companions trying to induce them to enlist in the army with him. As a result of his efforts, fourteen young men of his own age agreed to go with him to enlist. They were conveyed to Wellington to enlist there in a company that was then forming in that town. That company being overfull when they arrived, General Sheldon, afterwards governor of New Mexico, induced him and his associates to go to Cleveland with him and enlist in Company H, Eighth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, which was organized in Elyria, Ohio, and then not quite full. He enlisted in that company on April 20, 1861, for a period of three months. The regiment was one of the first that went to Camp Dennison. On arriving there, the boys alighted from the cars and made their way through a wheat field in the midst of a heavy rain, beating down the wheat which was then breast high, and made camp there. After he had been there for three months, an effort was made to have the men re-enlist for three years. He did not re-enlist, for reasons that seemed to be good to him at that time. Afterwards he helped to organize a company, which was mustered in as Company I of the same regiment on August 10, 1861, at Columbus, Ohio. He was mustered out of the three months' service on August 20, 1861, at Columbus, Ohio. This time he was mustered in as sergeant of Company I. His record as a soldier is the record of his regiment up to and including the battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. During his term of service he participated in twenty-two engagements, the last of which was the battle of Fredericksburg, where he was wounded. He was wounded so severely that when he was removed from the battlefield the surgeon gave no hope of his recovery. The ball entered his throat on the right side, tearing away a piece of the clavicle where it is attached to the sternum, partly severing the windpipe, nearly cutting it off, passing to the left shoulder, thence down the left, side and lodging above the left hip, where it now remains, causing continuous pain ever since. For nearly a week he received no attention at all from the regimental surgeon, Dr. Thomas McEbright, of Akron, Ohio, for his case was considered hopeless. The wound completely incapacitated him for further service. On January 8, 1863, he received his second honorable discharge from the army at Washington. He left the hospital about February 20, 1863, and returned home. As soon as he was able he resumed his studies in Oberlin, at the spring term of 1863. In the fall of 1863 he taught school in Danbury, Ottawa County, Ohio. He returned to 408 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Oberlin, and took a commercial course, with a view of engaging in mercantile business. In the following March he visited Chicago and Milwaukee for the purpose of securing a situation. In this, however, he was not successful. The following winter he taught the same school that he had taught the previous winter, for a period of five months, after which he went to Oberlin for one term. In the fall of 1865. he attended school at Milan, Ohio. In the winter of 1865-6 he again taught school in Danbury Township. In the spring of 1866 he entered Oberlin to take a collegiate course, attended three terms, and taught school at Danbury the following winter. He returned to Oberlin in 1867, remained two terms, and in the fall entered Hillsdale College, Hillsdale, Michigan, to take a collegiate course. In the winter he again taught school in Danbury, and returned to Hillsdale in the spring of 1868, and remained until January, 1869, when he came to Cleveland, Ohio, and was appointed crier of the United States Courtin the meantime continuing his college studies most assiduously. He returned to Hillsdale, still applying himself ardently, and in June, 1870, he was graduated with full honors, standing high in his classes, with a degree of Bachelor of Science. Afterwards the college conferred upon him the degree of Bachelor of Arts. He immediately came to Cleveland, read law in the office of the eminent lawyers, Estep & Burke, and was admitted to the bar in. September, 1871. He was afterwards admitted to the United States Circuit and District Court and on December 3, 1883, he was admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States. While reading law he took a law course in the Ohio State and Union Law College, located at Cleveland, from which he was graduated with a degree of Bachelor of Laws on July 3, 1872. On admission to the bar, the more fully to qualify himself for the active duties of his chosen profession, he made an extensive tour, visiting numerous large cities and places of importance and public interest, among which. were Salt Lake City, Yosemite Valley, California, Mexico, Central America, Mazatlan, Manzanillo, and Acaqulco (he was in Mazatlan at the time that city was taken by the rebels, in 1871), Port Libertad, Panama, Aspinwall, Kingston, Jamaica, and New York City. He then visited the old home where he was born—his first visit to the place of his birth since leaving it when a child, and saw many there who remembered him. He remained in the employ of Estep & Burke until the firm was dissolved in July, 1875, when he entered into partnership with Judge Burke, which lasted until November, when he opened an office of his own. Since his admission to the bar he has been continuously in active practice. His ability and thorough knowledge of the law, speedily brought to him a large and lucrative practice. Being a lawyer of sterling character and high standing in his profession, the cases brought to him are of the more important class. He is a man who has naturally always been deeply interested in educational matters. In 1876 he was elected a member of the board of education, serving two years. In the spring of 1878 he was nominated for another term, but owing to his radical views on certain questions pertaining to public education was defeated. He has since had the satisfaction of seeing all of his views, then regarded as peculiar, adopted by the board. In the spring of 1883 his friends again nominated him for a position on the school board; while his party was defeated, he ran largely ahead of his ticket. In the fall of that year he was one of the republican nominees for common pleas judge, but he and his ticket with one or two exceptions were defeated. He was a strong republican until 1892. During the time he was a member of the republican party he was a delegate to almost every important convention held in his county and through his efforts many men owed their nominations to him. He was a delegate to the state convention of the republican party at which Joseph B. Foraker was first nominated for governor. He was secretary of that convention and John Sherman was chairman. He was chairman of the Cuyahoga County delegation to the state convention held in Cleveland at which M. A. Hanna was nominated as one of the delegates at large to the Republican National Convention at Chicago. Mr. Groot had the honor of presenting Mr. Hanna's name to that convention in a brilliant speech, at the close of which Mr. Hanna was nominated by acclamation. This was Mr. Hanna's advent in national politics. Mr. Groot was a stump speaker for the republican party in every campaign from 1868 until 1892, when he cast in his lot with the people's party, supporting its candidates until the party and principles were absorbed by the democratic organization in 1896. He supported the democratic party until 1900, since which time he has been entirely independent. As a political campaigner for the people's party and for the democratic party, he CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 409 stumped the states of Ohio, Kansas, Nebraska, Illinois and Missouri, and was one of the speakers most in demand by the party committees of those parties. He was a delegate to the free silver convention held in St. Louis, Missouri, in 1896, and by that body was appointed chairman of the notification committee and as such he tendered the nomination of that party to Mr. Bryan at Lincoln, Nebraska, on September 8, 1896. During the past seven years he has been a candidate three different time for common pleas judge, but owing to his being absolutely non-partisan in polities, he failed to receive sufficient votes to elect him. While he has been very active in politics and public' movements, he has never neglected his profession and has long enjoyed a position as one of the most successful members of the Cleveland bar. He now has his offices in the Arcade Building. One of the local movements in which his active participation has always afforded him the most satisfaction was as an advocate and speaker in behalf of the Cuyahoga County Soldiers' and Sailors' Monument which now stands on the public square and is one of the most conspicuous public memorials in the State of Ohio. Mr. Groot was first and foremost in the movement to secure the erection of this monument. There was a strong opposition by the public and especially the street railroad interests to its being placed in its present location. He opposed any change and insisted that, since the state had granted the right to place it there, it should not be placed in the northeast section of the square. He canvassed the matter thoroughly and made several speeches in favor of not giving up the southeast section. As a result of his efforts a meeting of the soldiers and sailors of the county was called to pass upon the question at which resolutions which he drew up were, after his speech, unanimously adopted amid the wildest enthusiasm. In appreciation of his efforts the commission presented him with a fine large framed picture of the monument which hangs on his office wall in the Arcade and is greatly prized by him. At Huron, Ohio, December 12, 1872, he married Maora Agnes Sage, daughter of William G. and Isabella Douglas Sage. Theirs was a happy and ideal companionship, unbroken for nearly forty-five years. Mrs. Groot died at their home in East Cleveland, June 9, 1917, at the age of sixty-five. He first met his wife at Oberlin, Ohio, in 1868, while she was attending college there. She was a de- voted wife and mother and was beloved by all who knew her. She was a member of the board of managers of the Dorcas Invalid Home for many years and one of its officials. In speaking of his wife he said, "I have lost the best and truest friend I ever had or ever expect to have except my mother." Their marriage was blessed with the birth of five children : Edith Maora ; William Sage, who died in April, 1914, leaving a widow, Lucy Hubbard Groot ; George, who married Josephine Placak, who died May 16, 1910, leaving one child, George Sage ; Isabel Douglas ; and Agnes. The record of Mr. Groot's early life is one of toil, labor, untiring industry, continuous perseverance, indomitable pluck, unswerving integrity. A life with such a past brings its own reward. It is by no fortuitous circumstance that he has risen : born without any of the advantages that wealth procures, unaided by others, and dependent upon himself alone, he has made his own headway in spite of obstacles seemingly almost insurmountable. As a lawyer, a man, a husband, a father, he takes high rank, and is honored and respected by all. FRANCIS FLOYD VAN DRUMM is a Cleveland man whose service and promotion in banking affairs is an interesting and inspiring record. His early ambition was for the law. Preparatory to that profession he completed one year of the general course of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University. The scholastic year ended with final examinations on Saturday. The next Monday, June 10, 1907, he went to work in the Garfield Savings Bank as bookkeeper. He accepted this place as a vacation employment only. He fully intended to give up the work and return to Adelbert College the next fall. Banking was amore fascinating business than he had counted on and it seemed to offer in addition such possibilities for the future that the opening of the fall term of college passed unnoticed and all thought of the law as a profession became submerged in his new duties and environment. Mr. Van Deusen has been connected with the Garfield Savings Bank continuously since that date, and in one of the largest savings banks of the Middle West has gained rapid promotion. He was first made receiving teller, then paying teller, and in September, 1913, became cashier of the Glenville office of the bank. The Garfield Savings Bank has its main office in the Garfield Building, but has five branches in different parts of Cleveland and 410 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS suburbs. The bank was founded more than a quarter of a century ago, and now has aggregate resources well upwards of $10,000,000. Mr. Van Deusen became actively identified with local business and civic affairs of Glenville, and when in January, 1917, he was promoted to assistant treasurer and took up his new duties in the main office of the bank he was tendered a banquet 'by the business and professional men of Glenville, who took this opportunity to express their pleasure over this promotion and their tributes to his work and value as a member of the Glenville community. In January, 1918, Mr. Van Deusen made another step of progress and has since been treasurer of the Garfield Savings Bank. He came to Cleveland from Medina County, Ohio, and was born in that county at Hinekley December 31, 1885. He is of old Holland Dutch stock. His ancestor, Abraham Van Dueser, as the name was then spelled, came from Holland about two centuries ago and settled in the Province of New York. Mr. Van Deusen's parents are Omar 0. and Jessie (Conant) Van Deusen, both of whom were born at Hinckley, Ohio, and were married in 1880. Omar Van Deusen was a farmer and teacher until 1893, when he was elected county clerk of courts and moved to Medina. On his retirement from office in 1899 he was admitted to the bar and practiced law successfully in Medina until 1916, when he was elected probate judge, the office he now fills. Mr. F. F, Van Deusen has one sister, Mrs. C. P. Orth, wife of a west side dentist in Cleveland. Francis F. Van Deusen graduated from the Medina High School in 1906 and was president of his class at the time of graduation. He then came to Cleveland as a student of Adelbert College. Besides his office as treasurer of the Garfield Bank he is treasurer and director of the Fidelity Mortgage & Guarantee Company and treasurer and director of the Glenville Oil & Gas Company. While he was in Medina High School he was captain of the Medina Cadets in 1905-06, a company made up of high school students. Mr. Van Deusen is a republican, and in Masonry is affiliated with Glenville Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons ; Glenville Chapter, Royal Arch Masons • Cleveland Council, Royal and Select Masons; Coeur de Lion Commandery, Knights Templar; Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and Glenville Chapter of the Eastern Star. He is a member of the City Club, the Shrine Club, the East Shore Colonial Club, the Hermit Club, and in religion is a Methodist, October 10, 1910, at Cleveland, he married Blanche Charlotte Base, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Frank C. Base. Her father held several government and city positions and until recently was active in republican politics in Cleveland. Mrs. Van Deusen was born and has always lived in Cleveland. They have two children : Helen Louise, born March 30, 1913; and Clark Bedell, born May 22, 1916. JOHN F. CORLETT is senior partner of J. F. Corlett & Company in the Rockefeller Building. This is a business which has grown and developed under Mr. Corlett's active management during the last twenty-five years, and has become one of the chief agencies in Ohio for the distribution of iron and steel products, including the output of many prominent mills and factories. The firm are district agents over the State of Ohio for such mills as the Lukens Steel Company, Monongahela Tube Company, the Champion Rivet Company, Franklin Steel Works, the Eastern Steel Company and Alan Wood Iron & Steel Company. Mr. Corlett is preeminently a business man, and family and business represent the two big interests of his life. However, he was born on a farm at Concord, Lake County, Ohio, May 25, 1861, son of Robert and Christiana (Caine) Corlett. His father was born January 24, 1826, on the Isle of Man and was brought to this country by his parents before he was one year old. The family settled in Lake County on land which was the farm home of Robert Corlett practically all his life, and he attained the remarkable age of ninety years. He kept up the work of the farm until 1899, and in the following year he and his wife retired and moved to Pinesville, where he died April 21, 1916. For a number of years one of his active interests was membership in the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He and his wife were both active workers in the Methodist Episcopal Church. Until he retired he always lived on the same old farm in Lake County. His wife, Christiana Caine, was born at Warrensville, Cuyahoga County, and her parents were both natives of the Isle of Man. One of her brothers was born on the Isle of Man and being a youth when his parents came to America he remained in the old country and died there when past seventy. He never visited the United States and his sister never went back to the Isle of Man, so that they never saw each other. Mrs. Christiana Corlett died at Painesville in March, 1908, at the age of seventy-seven. She was the mother of two sons and two CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 411 daughters, all living: Anna, who has never married and lives in Painesville; John F.; Mrs. C. B. Merrell, of East Cleveland; and George W., of Oklahoma City. All were born on the old farm in Lake County, were educated there and in the grammar and high schools of Painesville, while Anna was a student for one year in Mount Union College. John F. Corlett worked on the home farm until he was twenty years of age, and his last two winters before leaving home were spent as. a teacher in the district schools. He acquired considerable knowledge of farming but it did not form in him a permanent taste, and he has never had a desire to become a farmer. In 1881 he came to Cleveland and for three years was clerk in the house of Davis & Hunt on Ontario Street. This old firm is still in existence. From them Mr. Corlett went with Lockwood & Taylor, wholesale hardware merchants, and was with the firm from 1884 to 1890. During the last four years he was traveling representative on the road. He then resigned to go into business for himself as J. F. Corlett, establishing an iron and steel sales agency in the Perry Payne Building. To that business he has given the best efforts of all his subsequent years. In 1903 the partnership of J. F. Corlett & Company was established with Mr. J. F. Cockburn as junior partner. On August 1, 1905, the firm moved to the Rockefeller Building, when that office structure was first opened. Mr. Corlett is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Conimerce, City Club, Civic League, Cleveland Automobile Club, and Cleveland Builders' Exchange, and attends and is a supporter of the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church. Outside of business home gives him the greatest pleasure and he is a member of no lodges nor other social organizations. He is fond of motoring, and he and his family reside in one of the beautiful suburban districts around Cleveland, at 13123 Lake Shore Boulevard, Brathenal. The Corlett home is ideally situated in the midst of an acre and a half of ground, directly on the shore of Lake Erie. May 25, 1891, his birthday, Mr. Corlett married at Cleveland Miss Minnie E. Ruedy. Mrs. Corlett was born and educated in Cleveland, a daughter of J. J. and Verina Ruedy. Her father was a member of the firm Benedict & Ruedy, one of the pioneer fur houses of Cleveland. Her father died at Cleveland in 1895 and her mother in 1903. Mr. and Mrs. Ruedy were Swiss people, born in Switzerland, and came to Cleveland in early life. Mr. and Mrs. Corlett have one daughter, Alice Gertrude, who was born in Cleveland and is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown School and spent one year in school in Switzerland. JOHN F. JASIENSKI is one of Cleveland's prominent young architects, a man of splendid qualifications and wide experience, not only in architecture but in general engineering. He has already done much substantial work, and is looked . upon as one of the coming men of the profession. Mr. Jasienski was born in Cleveland November 12, 1885, a son of Frank and Frances Jasienski. His father came to this city in 1872, worked at the cooper's trade and then established a grocery store at 6512 Forman Avenue. He continued a merchant until 1914, when he sold his ;business and has since lived retired. He married after coming to Cleveland Frances Kopezynski, and they had seven children. John F. Jasienski attended St. Stanislaus Parochial School and later the public school until 1901. Partly through the encourage-. went and help of his parents and also by his own hard work he acquired a liberal education. In 1903 be graduated from the Central Institute and in 1907 completed the course and graduated from the Case School of Applied Science with the degree Civil Engineer. On leaving college Mr. Jasienski took his first work in Detroit, where for a year he had charge of the survey work for the Great Lakes Engineering Company. Returning to Cleveland, he was superintendent of construction with the Kellogg Construction Company six months, four months as a fitter helper on construction with the Brown Hoist Company. then for two years did designing for steel and concrete bridges and shops with the Lake Shore Railroad. Following that he was for two years with the Dyer Engineering Company, erectors of beet sugar plants, as designer of mill buildings. Another addition to his experience was the work he did in the county engineer's office. and he had charge of the designing of the Brooklyn-Brighton Bridge. He spent two years in this public work and since then has been practicing architecture independently with offices in the Rose Building. Some of the more important works which he has designed and supervised are the Cedar Theater. costing $30,000; St. Stanislaus Nuns' Home. $60.000: three-story apartment at the corner of One Hundredth Street and Euclid 412 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Avenue, $36,000; auditorium and store building of the Alliance of Poles Club, corner of Broadway and Forman streets, $8,000; Salisbury Ball Bearing Plant at Ninety-third and Sandusky streets, $30,000; Pavelka Sausage Factory at East Thirty-seventh and Broadway, $18,000, besides a number of churches, apartments and residences. Mr. Jasienski is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Tau Beta Pi college fraternity, the Knights of Columbus, the Harmonia Singing Society, the Polish Professional Men's Club. He is a member of the Catholic Church and is independent in his political activities. At Detroit in September, 1907, he married Miss Irene Dzieweczynski. They have six children, Florine, Alvian, Gerard, Vivian, Gerome and John F., Jr., the oldest ten and the youngest one year old. The older children are all attending public schools. CHARLES FRANKLIN THWING, sixth president of Western Reserve University, has enjoyed a long and distinguished career as a minister, author and educator, and his highest success has been in the field of college administration, of which the growth and prosperity of Western Reserve University during the last quarter of a century is the best testimony. Of old New England stock, with ancestry going back to the time of the Mayflower, Charles Franklin Thwing was born at New Sharon, Maine, November 9, 1853. It was his good fortune that a portion of his boyhood was spent at Farmington, Maine, the home of members of the noted Abbott family, including Jacob. He entered Phillips Academy, Andover, from there he went to Harvard College, where he graduated close to the head of his class in 1876, with the degree of Bachelor of Arts. The three following years were spent in the Andover Theological Seminary, where he was recognized as one of the ablest students of the time. He graduated from the Theological Seminary in 1879 and later in 1889 received the degree S. T. D. from the Chicago Theological Seminary, and has been honored with the degree LL. D. by Marietta College, Illinois College, Washington and Jefferson College, Kenyon College, and Litt. D. from the University of Pennsylvania. While in the Theological Seminary Mr. Thwing's abilities as a writer were first developed. He was soon a contributor to leading periodicals. Those who have heard Dr. Thwing speak or have read his writings will thoroughly approve the opinion expressed by Dr. J. G. Holland, while editor of Scribner's Monthly, who in a letter to the young contributor said that Mr. Thwing could say more in fewer words than any other man he knew of. For eleven years after graduating from the seminary Dr. Thwing was busy with pastoral duties, being in charge of the North Avenue Congregational Church at Cambridge, Massachusetts, until 1886, and the Plymouth Church at Minneapolis until 1890. In 1890 he accepted the call to the presidency of the Western Reserve University and affiliated institutions, and to these colleges and schools he has given the best of his organizing ability and the ripe fruits of his scholarship for over a quarter of a century. He has made Western Reserve in fact as well as in name a university, has built up its various professional departments and schools, has increased its endowments, has brought about many notable additions to the buildings and facilities and has increased the faculty of instruction to more than three hundred members. To say that Dr. Thwing is one of America's foremost leaders in thought as well as in educational affairs is only stating a plain truth and an obvious one. His broad culture, his far-sighted and liberal views, his tireless energy and decided character, have brought him many of the best honors paid to a leader in scholarship and affairs. He is a Phi Beta Kappa, a member of the University Club of Cleveland and an honorary member of the Union Club. He has served as secretary of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching for several years, is president of the Intercollegiate Peace Association, and has been associate editor of the Bibliotheca Sacra since 1884. He has spoken from many lecture platforms, and for years has been a contributor to magazines—American and English—especially on educational topics. He is doubtless most widely known through his work as an author. Doctor Thwing is author of the following: "American Colleges" (New York, 1878) ; "The Reading of Books," 1883; "The Family; a Historical Sketch and Sociological Study,"in which he collaborated with his wife, 1886 (2d • edition, 1913) ; "The Working Church," 1888; "Within College Walls," 1893; "The College Woman," 1894; "The American College in American Life ;" "The Best Life ;" "College Administration," 1900; "The Youth's Dream of Life"; "God in His World;" "If I Were a College Student," CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 413 1902; "The Choice of a College," 1901; "A Liberal Education and a Liberal Faith," 1903; "College Training and the Business Man;" "A History of Higher Education in America," 1906; "Education in the Far East," 1909; "History of Education in the United States Since the Civil War," 1910; "Universities of the World," 1911; "Letters from a Father to His Son Entering College," 1912; "Letters from a Father to His Daughter Entering College,". 1913; "The Co-ordi- nate System in Higher Education," 1913 ; "The American College," 1914; "Education According to Some Modern Masters," 1916 ; also various annual reports of Western Reserve University and Adelbert College, and co-editor of the Chapel and Hymn Book. September 18, 1879, soon after his graduation from Andover Theological Seminary. Doctor Thwing married Carrie F. Butler. She died April 24, 1898. December 22, 1906, he married Mary Gardiner Dunning. EPHRAIM BROWN. The life of Ephraim Brown is of interest to Cleveland people for several reasons. He was never a resident of the city, though he was one of the pioneer founders and owners of the great Ohio Western Reserve, and during the first half century of its development he was not only a big factor in its material life and business affairs, but exemplified in a remarkable degree that idealism, love of liberty, and harmony between the conscience and will which have been among the finest products and contributions of Northern Ohio to the American nation. His sketch should also be read as a means of better interpreting the forces and character possessed and exemplified by his son, the late Fayette Brown, one of Cleveland's most distinguished citizens. Ephraim Brown was born at Westmoreland, New Hampshire, October 27, 1775. He was the oldest of the ten children of Ephraim and Hannah (Howe) Brown. In many ways the family was typical of New England middle class people of the eighteenth century. His father had a small farm and by occasional outside labor at some mechanical pursuits was able to afford comfortable support to his family. He was a man of great sturdiness of character, but one virtue he pushed to excess and by going security for a friend lost all his property. After that he never regained his economic position. Ephraim Brown's Mother was a woman of deep religious feeling, and she imparted it to her son. When the financial calamity came Ephraim Brown, as the oldest son, became the chief support of the family. While necessity forced upon him responsibilities beyond his years, it served to develop in him an indomitable perseverance and a self reliance which were ever afterwards among his chief characteristics. But hard labor did not prevent him from seeking and obtaining access to much of the best culture of his day. He read good books, though books and libraries were not widely distributed when he was a young man, and he constantly sought the society of people whose worth rested upon character rather than artificial standards. His developing character is illustrated by many of his early letters which have been preserved. As was the custom of the time such correspondence was largely concerned with moral, religious and political discussions. The letters are important because they show that Ephraim Brown had a certain fearlessness and sincerity of thought and a tendency to reject the conventional prejudices unless they were ratified by his own thinking. He also showed a readiness to be convinced of error in the face of superior argument. Very early in life he conceived a bitter hatred of the system of slavery, and that was one of the actuating principles of his subsequent career. In a letter he wrote in 1807 to a Southern relative who had tried to persuade young Brown to come South and improve the superior facilities there for making money, Mr. Brown questioned the method by which wealth might be acquired so rapidly by "commerce in human flesh" and added, "I have been taught from my cradle to despise slavery, and will never forget to teach my children if any I should have the same lesson." Other sentiments in that letter thirty years later were expounded and used in the public utterances of William Lloyd Garrison and other, distinguished abolitionists. Ephraim Brown possessed his mother's earnestness of inward thought and feeling, and whatever religious disposition he had was made a deep part of him rather than a conventional robe of thought and emotion. He was quick and ready at all times to denounce evil vigorously, and some of his more conservative friends felt that he was too radical on this score. Due largely to his love of freedom and. his habits of independent thought, he never became closely associated with societies of any kind. For a number of years he applied himself industriously to the task of earning a living for himself and those dependent upon him, and in 414 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS 1803 he engaged in merchandising in Connecticut with Thomas K. Green of Putney, Vermont.. Mr. Green had charge of the business at Putney, while young Brown managed the branch store at Westmoreland. He remained a merchant there until he moved out to Ohio in 1815. While in Connecticut he represented his town in the Legislature several times. Soon after entering upon his individual business career, on November 9, 1806, he married Miss Mary Huntington. She was the oldest daughter of Gurdon and Temperance (Williams) Huntington, and was born at Windham, Connecticut, August 29, 1787. While still a child her father and mother moved to Walpole; New Hampshire. Mrs. Ephraim Brown came from a talented family, and she herself possessed many qualities of both heart and intellect. Before her marriage she taught school. Her ancestors had come from England in 1639 and settled in Connecticut, and one of the family was Governor Samuel Huntington of Ohio. In 1814 Ephraim Brown formed a partnership with his uncle, Thomas Howe. From Peter C. Brooks of Boston they bought township 7, range 4, in the Western Reserve of Ohio. This township has since taken the name of Bloomfield. In 1815 Mr. Brown brought his family out to the new possession. The journey required six weeks, and they arrived at the new home on July 16th. Some preparations had already been made for their comfort and support, but then and for years afterward they were face to face with the hardships and privations of pioneering on the' edge of the western wilderness. Mr. Brown later assumed the burden of the debt consequent upon the partnership, and in a few years had fully discharged it. In 1819 the Ashtabula & Trumbull Turnpike Company was formed and chartered under the laws Of Ohio. Ephraim Brown took an active part in pushing this enterprise, in spite of the tremendous obstacles in its way, and as much as any other man credit was due him for its successful completion. For many years he exercised a ceaseless care for the interests of the company and the preservation of the road. Through his influence a post-office was established at Bloomfield. Within seven years after the first settlement in Bloomfield daily four-horse mail coaches passed through the place on the way to the lake or south to the Ohio River. In consequence land advanced in value, and the better class of settlers acquired many of the comforts and improvements to which they had been accustomed in the older states. After coming to Ohio Ephraim Brown served several terms in the General Assembly. In his younger days he was a Jeffersonian republican, and from first to last was ari avowed abolitionist. He believed implicitly in the complete separation of the church and state, and he therefore strenuously opposed the efforts of a prominent religious sect in 1822 to dominate politics. He was long known as Colonel Brown. He had served as captain of a company of militia in New Hampshire, and afterwards was made governor's aide with the rank of colonel. Ephraim Brown in his social relations was distinguished for his kindness, benevolence and hospitality, and in his business transactions by prudence, promptness and integrity. He was the type of character such as any state or community might prize and might hold up as an example to coming generations. Ephraim Brown died April 17, 1845, in the seventieth year of his life. His wife survived until January 26, 1862. Their nine children, all now deceased, were : Alexander; George W. ; Mary, who became the wife of Col. Joseph K. Wing; Charles; Elizabeth; James Monroe; Marvin Huntington; Fayette; Anne Frances. FAYETTE BROWN. One of the vital elements entering into the making of Cleveland as a city was the establishment many years ago of the iron industry at this point where land and water meet and combine to make Cleveland a great transportation and industrial center. It is important to remember that the iron industry would not have been created without the energies, the foresight and the patient wisdom of men. Of the men chiefly responsible for this factor of Cleveland's growth perhaps the greatest was Fayette Brown. Not that his life did not mean more than its results in the upbuilding of Cleveland's iron interests. He was a great business man from whatever point of view considered, and he was not less great as a citizen, whose judgment was always true, whose public spirit was unlimited, and who, when all things are considered, left as his best monument the City of Cleveland itself, which in the final analysis is only an expression of the energies and spirit of a notable group of citizens, among whom Fayette Brown was by no means the least. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 415 He was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, December 17, 1823, and at the end of a long and useful life died at his home in Cleveland January 20, 1910. He was the eighth in a family of nine children. His parents were Ephraim and Mary (Huntington) Brown. Ephraim Brown was also a conspicuous character in his generation, and his name is the subject of a biography found on other pages of this publication. Fayette Brown during his early youth had every incentive to develop his natural talents and abilities, and his father, realizing the value of an education, gave his children all the opportunities he could afford. Fayette Brown therefore attended the sehools of Jefferson and Gambier, Ohio, but at the age of eighteen began an apprenticeship at business life as clerk in the wholesale.dry goods establishment of his eldest brother at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was with that establishment as an employe until 1845, when the senior partner having retired he was admitted to the firm and for six years was one of its active managers. Fayette Brown became a resident of Cleveland in 1851. Some months previously he had formed a partnership with the Hon. George Mygatt in the banking business. The firm of Mygatt & Brown, Bankers, is one best remembered in the history of banking in Cleveland. Mr. Mygatt retired in 1857 and Mr. Brown continued as a banker under his individual name until the outbreak of the Civil war. He closed his banking house and accepted an appointment from the president as a paymaster in the United States Army. His personal integrity and his experience as a banker gave him splendid qualifications for the heavy responsibilities of that work, but a year's illness and the demands of his private affairs compelled him to resign. It was on his return to Cleveland that Mr. Brown became actively identified with the iron industry. As general agent and manager for the Jackson Iron Company he soon became known as one of the most capable iron masters of his day. He remained with the Jackson Iron Company until December, 1887. While he possessed an exceptional general knowledge of business, Mr. Brown was not technically familiar with the iron industry when he took up his duties with the Jackson Iron Company. It was in keeping with his nature that he should embark enthusiastically upon this enterprise and should familiarize himself with every detail, practical and tech- Vol. II—27 nical, connected with his work. His associates always envied his perseverance and his indomitable energy and resolution, and it was the impregnable resources of his personal character as much as anything else that accounted for the wonderful success of the Jackson Iron Company and which eventually fortified the iron industry in 'Cleveland beyond all danger of outside competition. While the operation of the business was exceedingly profitable to all concerned Mr. Brown from the first realized his responsibility to the city as well as to his stockholders, and the prosperity of the company was also the prosperity of the community. During the last half century the Middle West has' developed no greater iron master than Fayette Brown. Naturally he became identified with various kindred enterprises and was associated as a director or otherwise with some of Cleveland's best known business organizations. He was president of the Union Steel Screw Company, was chairman of the Stewart Iron Company, Limited, was president of the Brown Hoisting Machinefy Company, of the National Chemical Company, the G. C. Kuhlman Car Company, and was a member of the firm H. H. Brown & Company, one of the large iron ore firms of the country. This company represented the Lake Superior Iron Company and the Champion Iron Company, handling the products of two of the largest iron mines in the Lake Superior region. Mr. Brown was a member of the Union Club, the Golf, and Country Clubs of Cleveland, the Castalia Club, the Winous Point Shooting Club, the Point Moullie Shooting Club, the West Huron Shooting Club, the Huron Mountain Shooting and Fishing Club, and the Munising Trout Club. To describe all the influences and activities of this notable Cleveland citizen would exceed the limits of this sketch, but something more should be said in a general way to give sharper definition to a sketch which will enable a later generation to picture this veteran iron master and citizen. His was a life from which nothing but good can follow, and a character that may well serve as an example for all that is highest and best in manhood and citizenship. While he attained a high degree of prosperity it was never gained at the cost of other men's success. He was also interested in everything for the good of Cleveland and the welfare of its people; was an advocate and practicer of healthy outdoor life, a keen sportsman, taking his vacations and recreation in shooting 416 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and fishing. He was an expert in all things pertaining to sportsmanship. Up to the age of eighty-five he spent many days in the duck marches belonging to the clubs of which he was a member and with as keen an interest and unerring an aim as he had always been noted for. He exemplified to a high degree that classic ideal of mens sana in corpore sano. When he worked it was with indefatigable energy. When he engaged in recreation he did so with as keen an appetite and vigor as when following his business affairs. He kept himself healthy in mind and body and spirit, and though he lived to be upwards of 87 years of age he never really retired and he came to the end of his life with scarcely a faculty diminished until the day of his final illness. At his funeral gathered notable men who had played important parts in making Cleveland the metropolis of Ohio, men who had been fellow workers with Fayette Brown, fellow builders of Cleveland, and they did honor to his memory as one of the greatest' of them 411 and who had signally enriched and expanded his beloved city by his many enterprises. On July 15, 1847, Fayette Brown married Miss Cornelia C. Curtiss of Allegheny City, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Fayette Brown was born December 4, 1825, and died April 5, 1899. They were the parents of three sons and two daughters : Harvey Huntington Brown, whose part in Cleveland affairs is described elsewhere ; Florence C. Brown, of Cleveland; Alexander E. Brown, a great inventor and manufacturer, who died at Cleveland April 26, 1911; William Fayette Brown, who died in 1891; and Mary L. Brown, of Cleveland. HON. CHARLES STAUGHTON BENTLEY, senior member of the law firm Bentley, McCrystal & Biggs in the Engineers Building, has had a long and most honorable career both in private practice and as a judge in Ohio. He did his first work as a practicing lawyer at Cleveland forty-five years ago. He was born at Chagrin Falls, Ohio, September 5, 1846, son of Staughton and Orsey (Baldwin) Bentley. His grandfather, Rev. Adamson Bentley, was a native of Pennsylvania of Quaker stock and became widely known in Northern Ohio as one of the pioneer Disciple preachers. The Bentleys are of English ancestry as were also the Baldwin family. Staughton Bentley was born in Ohio and followed the business of merchandising. He died when Judge Bentley was six years of age. At that time the care and maintenance of the six children devolved upon the widowed mother. By character and ability she was well fitted for the task. She was a native of Ohio and her ancestors had settled in Connecticut in colonial times. Judge Bentley attended common schools until he was eighteen when he entered the Eclectic Institute at Hiram, Ohio. In 1864 he took a course in Eastman's Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York, and then spent three years clerking in a country store at Mantua, Ohio. At the age of twenty-one he entered Hillsdale College at Hillsdale, Michigan, and received both the A. B. and A. M. degrees from that institution. He was graduated with the class of 1870. The year following his college life he was in the wholesale lumber business at Allegan, Michigan. While there he took up the study of law with Col. B. D. Pritchard, a prominent lawyer and banker of Allegan and nationally known as colonel of the regiment of Michigan cavalry which effected the capture of Jefferson Davis as he was fleeing south from the Confederate capital of Richmond. In the winter of 1872 Judge Bentley came to Cleveland, and studied law in the office of Darius Cadwell, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in September, 1872. At the same time he was admitted to practice in the federal courts. He had a brief experience in practice with the firm of Barber & Andrews at Cleveland, but in February, 1873, moved to Bryan, Ohio, where he formed a partnership with Hon. A. M. Pratt. The law firm of Pratt & Bentley continued from 1873 to 1887. In 1874 he was elected city solicitor of Bryan and in the fall of 1875 was elected prosecuting attorney of Williams County, an office he filled during 1877-79. In the fall of 1887 Judge Bentley was elected judge of the Circuit Court of the Sixth Ohio District for the short term of one year and was reelected without opposition in the fall of 1888 for the full term of six years. He thus filled that office from 1887 to 1895. Before his elevation to the bench he was little known beyond the counties near his home. His character and services brought him distinction over the entire state. His decisions were' not only valuable interpretations of the law but were marked by a clarity and conciseness which left no misunderstanding even on the most controverted points. Many of these decisions are found reported in the Ohio Circuit Court Reports, Vol. 3 to Vol. 10, inclusive. Throughout the seven years he was on the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 417 bench his associates were Judges George R. Haynes and Charles H. Scribner. In the attainments of its judges the Sixth District at that time was not surpassed by any other Ohio district. While on the bench Judge Bentley was called upon to deal with three notable subjects of litigation in which his work was that of a pioneer. These subjects grew out of the extended use of petroleum, natural gas and electricity as a motive power. The introduCtion of electricity into cities for the propulsion of street cars was at first bitterly resisted. Strange as it may seem at the present time one of the chief objections made to its use was that it would be destructive of property and lives to such an extent that its use in the streets would compel the abandonment of the thoroughfares by vehicles drawn by horses, and would thus constitute a standing menace to all safety. Injunctions to prevent its use were frequently sought, and all these questions had to be tried out and tested before the courts. Thus some of the cases in which Judge Bentley sat as a judge established important precedents and principles in the law dealing with these forms of public utility. Whether on the bench or in private practice Judge Bentley has been regarded as a most able and upright lawyer and a thorough student with the utmost industry at his command in the preparation of his eases. In May, 1896, Judge Bentley returned to Cleveland, and for several years practiced as a partner with Charles H. Stewart. He has been a member of various successful law firms of the city. He has served as dean of the law department of Baldwin-Wallace University, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a member of the Cleveland Law Library, Cleveland Bar Association, Ohio State Bar Association, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and belongs to the Delta Tau Delta college fraternity. In politics he is a republican. Judge Bentley married May 4, 1874, Miss Isabel Kempton of North Adams, Michigan. She died October 30, 1877, leaving one daughter, Isabelle, who graduated from the Woman's College of Western Reserve University, and married Jay Ambler of Cleveland, Ohio. She died a year later a victim of typhoid fever. July 30, 1890, Judge Bentley married Mary Esther. (Derthick) Logan of Toledo. Her death occurred in 1911. CHARLES LEWELLYN BIGGS, member of the law firm of Bentley & Biggs in the Engineers Building, and also secretary and treasurer of The Northern Land and Improvement Company, has been an active member of the Cleveland bar for nearly ten years and has had a very wide and extended experience in business affairs, having been state manager of one of the larger insurance companies in Michigan before he qualified as a lawyer. Mr. Biggs was born at West Newton, Pennsylvania, August 16, 1870, but spent most of his early youth in Kansas. His parents, Andrew Wesley and Mary F. (Gressley) Biggs, have for forty-six years lived on one farm near Bentley, Kansas. Both parents were born at West Newton, Pennsylvania, and all their children except the two youngest were born in the same locality. The father and mother married about sixty years ago and they long since celebrated their golden wedding anniversary at their country home in Kansas. Andrew W. Biggs had a notable record as a Union soldier. He enlisted at the beginning of the war and served until the close with the Thirty-sixth Pennsylvania Infantry. He was three times wounded, receiving wounds at the battle of Antietam and the battle of Gettysburg. At Gettysburg he was shot in the side and the ball which was extracted after the war is now in the possession of his son, Charles. He was in the three days' fighting at Gettysburg and among other notable engagements were those of Spottsylvania Court House, Battle of Bull Run and Chancelorsville. He has voted the same way that he fought during the war and has been honored with township offices in his home community of Kansas. Both he and his wife were reared as Methodists, but there being no church of that denomination near their Kansas home they have worshiped in the United Brethren Church. The father for the past forty years has been superintendent of its Sunday school. The father was also a member of the Farmers' Alliance Movement of Kansas. Both parents are rugged sturdy people and they have not only lived honorably and usefully themselves but have impressed their enviable character upon the lives of their children. The children were eight in number, five sons and three daughters. All except one son grew up and all but one of the daughters are still living. The family record in brief is as follows : Alvin H., who went to the Klondike about the time that gold was discovered in that northwest country and is still a successful miner there ; Emma, who died in 1914, leaving four children by her marriage to John Myers ; James, who was accidentally killed 418 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS at the age of five years; Edward A., an attorney in Chicago ; William S., living with his parents at Bentley, Kansas; Charles L.; Elizabeth, Mrs. Robert T. Trego of Sedgwick, Kansas; and Sarah Jane, Mrs. William Folk of Bentley, Kansas. Charles L. Biggs received most of his early education in Fort Scott, Kansas. In early manhood he went to Chicago, and soon took up the manufacture of bicycles at a time when they were in the high tide of their popularity. He was a bicycle manufacturer for seven years and organized The Englewood Bicycle and Electrical Company of which he was president. In 1899 Mr. Biggs was appointed state manager for Michigan of The North American Insurance Company of Chicago, and continued to fill that position until 1905 when he resigned. In the meantime while traveling about Michigan he studied law during leisure time and on leaving the insurance business he entered the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace University and was graduated LL. B. in 1908. He was admitted to the Ohio bar the same year and also to practice in the United States District Court, being sworn in by the late Judge Taylor. Beginning practice in Cleveland in 1908, Mr. Biggs was associated with the firm of Biggs & Staiger. In the latter part of 1910 Judge Charles S. Bentley came into the firm, which is now known as Bentley & Biggs. Mr. Biggs is manager of the northern district of Ohio for the Knights of the Maccabees. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, being affiliated with Woodward Lodge, Mount Olive Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine and Al Sirat Grotto. He also belongs to the National Lodge of the Knights of Pythias, to the North American Union of Chicago, and the American Insurance Union of Columbus, to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Civic League of Cleveland and Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations. Mr. Biggs resides at 2804 East Overlook Road. May 9, 1899, at Chicago he married Miss May Blanche Fletcher. Mrs. Biggs was born and educated in Chicago, being a graduate of one of the Chicago high schools. GEORGE H. SCHRYVER. The particular place of usefulness occupied by Mr. Schryver in Cleveland's life and affairs is as an insurance specialist. It.is significant that Mr. Schryver regards insurance not only as his regular business but also as his hobby. To it has gone out the best enthusiasm and creative energy of his active years. He has had nineteen years of active experience in the business and each year had a large volume of personal business to his credit before he gave up representing one company or one line to furnish the value of his .study and experience to the public at large covering the entire field of insurance. An interesting little booklet tells the vital points in the Schryver Service. It discusses facts which are generally admitted that the average person has a most casual knowledge of the contents of his insurance policies and that while careful business men call in expert opinion on matters of law, engineering, architecture, real estate and personal illness, the buying of insurance is left largely to the persuasive eloquence of the representative of a certain company or a certain contract. The Schryver Service is a medium between the buyer of insurance and the entire range of companies and organizations offering insurance for sale, and in his selective capacity he is in a position to pick and choose the best contract and company for the specific protection needed by each individual client. Since establishing his service as an insurance specialist Mr. Schryver has been exceedingly careful to maintain the high standards and ideals under which he started, and has developed this unique service to such proportions that it is now availed by many of the most careful individuals and .corporations in Cleveland, who leave to his judgment the kind and type of insurance covering their special needs, whether in fire or life, accident or health, or any of the multitudinous risks which at the present time are covered by insurance organizations. George H. Schryver is a native of Cleveland, born September 5, 1878, son of George L. and Fannie (Hapgood) Schryver. His father was born at Napanee, Ontario, Canada, and is still living at Cleveland. He has been identified with different !business firms in the city and is now in the real estate department of the Cleveland Trust Company. The mother was born at Warren, Ohio, was married in Cleveland and died in this city September 4, 1907. Their children, Florence M., Mrs. R. T. Sawyer, Albert A. and George H., are all natives of Cleveland and all were educated here. George H. Schryver graduated from the University School of Cleveland in 1897. He then CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 419 attended Cornell University two years, and in 1899 took up insurance as his chosen vocation. In 1900 he became a member of the firm of Neale Brothers & Schryver, general insurance. He was member of that general agency until 1910, and then utilized his varied experience and study of insurance to good advantage as state manager of the .United States Fidelity & Guaranty Company. In 1914 Mr. Schryver established the Schryver Service as an insurance specialist, and along the special lines above described he is the only business man of the kind in Cleveland. Mr. Schryver is a republican in national polities, is a member of the Cleveland Y. M. C. A., the Kappa Alpha Society of Cornell University and of the Cleveland Advertising Club. On Washington's birthday, February 22, 1916, at Cleveland, he married Miss Fannie Irene Sheppard, of Cleveland, daughter of William and Almacia (Demory) Sheppard. Iler parents have lived in Cleveland since 1914, her father being a building contractor. Mrs. Schryver was horn in Virginia and was educated at Washington, D. C. They have one daughter, Fannie Alberta, born in Cleveland. GEORGE C. HAPLEY began his career with limited means and has attained a dignified and highly creditable place in the Cleveland bar. He was born at Cleveland September 12, 1876, son of Adam and Amelia (Jackson) Hafley, both now deceased. He was the second of three children. His sister Elizabeth is the wife of Charles B. Robinson. His younger brother, Adelbert H., died at Cleveland in 1903, at the age of twenty. Mr. Hafley was educated in the public schools of. Cleveland and graduated LL. B. from the Cleveland Law School in 1901. For two years he was associated with the law firm of Lang & Cassidy and for three years with E. L. Hessenmuller. After that he was alone in practice until 1911. For five years Mr. Hafley was connected with the claim department of the New York Central Railroad System. November, 1915, he resumed general practice in the Engineers Building. At Bellemeade, Somerset County, New Jersey, August 1, 1906, Mr. Hafley married Miss Lila M. Abrams, daughter of the late Mr. and Mrs. Samuel E. Abrams. Mr. and Mrs. Hafley have one daughter, Verna L.. who was born at Cleveland. The family reside at 1716 East Ninetieth Street. With his wife he be- longs to the Hough Avenue Congregational Church. JOHN BARTLETT HULL, who has been located in Cleveland since 1903, is strictly a specialist in the law, and has always given his time and attention to patent law, trade marks and copyright. He is now senior member of the well known firm Hull, Smith, Brock & West, patent law and soliciting, with offices in the Illuminating Building. Mr. Hull spent his early life, before coming to Cleveland, around Washington, D. C. The old southern home where he was born, at Arlington, Virginia, is still owned by him and his two sisters. He is a son of Truman P. and Eliza E. (Bartlett) Hull. IIis paternal ancestors were all New England people, though his father was born in Canada during a temporary residence of his parents in that country, but he afterwards naturalized as an American citizen and made farming his chief occupation. The Hulls came originally from England. Mi. Hull's maternal grandfather Bartlett was a Union soldier, and spent most of his life in New York State, where Eliza E. Bartlett was born. Truman P. Hull and wife had three sons and two daughters. Two of the sons died after reaching manhood and John: B. and his two sisters are the only ones now living. He is the only member of the family in Ohio. He was educated in the public schools of Virginia and the Washington City High School, where he graduated with the class of 1885. After his high school course he entered the United States treasury department in the Revenue Cutter Service and served as cadet, third lieutenant, and second lieutenant, for ten years from 1885 to 1895. His headquarters during his cadetship were at New Bedford, Massachusetts, on the Salmon P. Chase, a hark-rigged schoo]ship named from the famous Ohio statesman. After his graduation from the sehoolship, he served as a commissioned officer on the United States Steamer Grant at New York and on the United States Steamer Boutwell at Savannah, Georgia. He was then detailed to special duty at Washington for over two years, when he resigned from the Revenue Cutter Service to enter the United States Patent Office. He remained there as examiner for over eight years. While at Washington he entered the Corcoran Scientific School of the Columbian (now George Washington) University and graduated as 420 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Bachelor of Science in 1896. He then tool up the study of law and in 1901 received th degree of LL. B. from the National University at Washington. He was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia in 1901, and thee for a period of about two years devoted par ticular attention to the various legal matter, involved in the procedure in the patent office Thus equipped he came to Cleveland February 1, 1903, and took up the profession of patens law, patents, patent causes and trade mark; with the firm of Thurston & Bates. Early it 1904, he formed with Samuel E. Fouts the firm of Fouts & Hull. Later he was in the firm of Bates, Fouts & Hull, and subsequently with Harold E. Smith formed the firm of Hull & Smith, to which were subsequently added Mr. Charles E. Brock and Mr. Brennan B. West, making the firm as it exists at present. Mr. Bull is also president of The Harris Calorific Company of Cleveland. Politically he has always maintained a strictly independent attitude and has voted for the candidates of both great parties, according to the dictates of his judgment. He is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, and of the United States District Bar and Court of Appeals. He also has many fraternal and social interests. He is a member of Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Ma- sons ; Cleveland Chapter No. 148, Royal Arch Masons; Lake Erie Consistory, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Other associations include membership in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Civic League, Cleveland Engineering Society, and Cleveland Automobile Club. He finds his recreation chiefly in golf and automobiling. His church home is with the Protestant Episcopal. At Macomb, Illinois, June 21, 1893, Mr. Hull married Adelina V. Sommers. Mrs. Hull was born at Macomb, Illinois, a daughter of Col. S. L. Sommers, who was an officer in the Confederate army and on General Lee's staff. Both Colonel Sommers and his wife and their ancestors far back were members of First Families of Virginia and represented the flower of the Virginia aristocracy. Mr. and Mrs. Hull have three children : Margaret E.. the oldest, graduated from the East High School in 1913 and is now a senior in the College for Women of the Western Reserve University. The son, John S., graduated with the Class of 1917 of the Shaw High School, while Elizabeth, the youngcst child, is in the class of 1919 in the Shaw High School. All were born at Arlington, Virginia, in the same how where Mr. Hull was born. GEORGE W. YORK, member of the firm Oti & Company, investment bankers, has one o the longest continued individual records amon the bond men of Cleveland. He has been that line of business with his home in thi city for twenty-five years. Mr. York was born in Oxford County, Can ada, December 5, 1869, but in 1870 his parents William and Jane (Jenkins) York, moved to a farm near Port Huron, Michigan. William York was a very active man, and after leav ing the farm went into the City of Port Huron and became active in politics, serving on the city council a number of times. George W. York was educated in the public schools of that city and in 1892 graduated from Hiram College in Ohio with the degree Bachelor of Arts. During the year 1886-87 he lived on the Island of Jamaica at the home of a missionary uncle, and while there. taught school for a time on the island. Mr. York came to Cleveland in 1892, and has been in the bond business in this city since January 23, 1893. He has had long experience in the purchase and sale of bonds, and his work has entailed extensive travel over different sections of the country. Mr. York was selected to establish the bond department of Otis & Company, and has been manager of that branch of the business since February, 1906. In January, 1911, he was made a member of the firm. Otis & Company is one of the old and conservative firms of investment bankers of the country, has offiees at Cleveland, Columbus, Youngstown, Akron, Denver, Colorado Springs, Casper, Wyoming, and the firm is member of the New York, Cleveland, Chicago and Columbus Stock Exchanges. Mr. York is also connected as a stockholder or director in twenty or more companies at Cleveland and elsewhere, including the Interstate Foundry Company and the Morris Plan Bank of Cleveland. He served as president of the City Club of Cleveland in 1916-17 and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Union Club, City Club, Civic League, Cleveland Athletic Club, University Club, Mayfield Country Club, Cleveland Auto-Mobile Club, Ohio Society of New York, and the Euclid Avenue Christian Church. He has his home on Sheridan Road, South Euclid. January 16, 1896, he married Miss Kate Dougherty, of Mason County, Kentucky. Mrs. York was born and educated in Kentucky, a CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 421 daughter of Dr. Jacob and Amanda (Miner) Dougherty, both of whom died in that state. Mr. and Mrs. York have one daughter, born at Cleveland, named Georgia. JAMES RITCHIE has been a resident of Cleveland almost continuously since 1884. As a civil and consulting engineer his special services and his general practice have brought him an enviable reputation in American engineering circles. Railway officials in particular regard James Ritchie as one of the experts most nearly infallible in all matters of engineering detail connected with the laying out and construction of roads. Mr. Ritchie was born at Roxbury, now part of the City of Boston, Massachusetts, August 1, 1856. His choice of a technical profession is in part at least a matter of inheritance or of emulation of his father. His father, James Ritchie, Sr., was born at Needham, Massachusetts, and graduated from Harvard College with the class of 1835 and the degree B. A. When he left college he started to teach school. About the time of his graduation he was given a letter of recommendation as a teacher from the then president of Harvard College. This letter, written more than eighty years ago, is carefully preserved by his son James. James Ritchie, Sr., was teacher and principal of Partridge Academy at Duxbury, Massachusetts. It was within view of this old town where he may 'be said to have begun his mature career that he lost his life while attempting to bring a yacht into the Duxbury Harbor. The boat struck a rock just outside the harbor, was capsized, and went to the bottom. The body of James Ritchie was never recovered from the sea. This tragedy occurred March 15, 1873, when he was fifty-eight years of age. He was born in 1815. After teaching at Partridge Academy several years he took up civil engineering and was on the survey for the original location of the Genesee Valley Canal in New York. At one time he served as mayor of Roxbury, and was a member of the executive council of Massachusetts under Governor Andrew during Civil war times. He was a member of the State Legislature and was United States assessor of internal revenue with offices in Boston. Politically he began voting as a free soiler and later became a rock ribbed republican. He was a Mason, being affiliated with Washington Lodge, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, at Roxbury. He married at Needham, Massachusetts, Mary J. Kimball, who was born at Hingham, Massachusetts. She died at the home of her daughter at Hyde Park, Massachusetts, in March, 1897, aged seventy-nine. She was the mother of four children, three daughters and one son. Two of the daughters are still living. Mr. James Ritchie is the only member of the family in Ohio. He was educated in the famous preparatory school, Roxbury Latin School, and graduated in 1878 from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology with the degree Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering. Only a brief outline of his important associations, experiences and work during the subsequent forty years can be attempted. He was assistant engineer on the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad, assistant engineer on the U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, assistant engineer on the Mississippi River Improvement under Capt. W. L. Marshall, U. S. Army. Coming to Cleveland in the fall of 1884, he has served as park engineer at Cleveland, instructor in civil engineering in the Case School of Applied Science, engineer in charge of construction of second track, bridges and shops of the Erie Railroad from Cleveland to Youngstown. His duties then called him to Pennsylvania, where he was general superintendent of the McKeesport & Belle Vernon Railroad, chief engineer of the Pittsburgh Testing Laboratory. He served as principal assistant engineer of the C. C. C. & St. L., the Big Four System. Some of the larger individual achievements of Mr. Ritchie as an engineer are as follows: Designed and superintended the construction of Lorain Drydock No. 1, 500 feet long ; Bay City Drydock, 450 feet; Baltimore Drydock, 625 feet ; Cleveland Drydock No. 2, 500 feet; Lorain Drydock No. 2, '700 feet; Buffalo Drydock No. 4, 450 feet; two fueling docks on St. Mary's River in Michigan for the Pittsburgh Coal Company and for Pickands, Mather & Company, and the boiler, machine shop, shipbuilding shops and the launching ways of the American Shipbuilding Company at Cleveland and Lorain. He served as engineer in charge of the survey party for the Deep Waterways Commission of the United States as city engineer of Cleveland ; consulting engineer for the Grade Elimination Commission of Cleveland ; consulting engineer on the Aurora, Elgin & Chicago Electric Railway ; the Rockford,. Beloit & Janesville Electric Railway, the Fort Wayne & Springfield Electric Railway, and the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Electric Railway. While all his work has had more or less public or corporation character, he has never 422 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS been a candidate for any elective office in politics, and the only formal public offices he has held has been as park and city engineer of Cleveland. Mr. Ritchie is secretary and treasurer of the National Foundation and Engineering Company of Cleveland. He was chief engineer for this company during the construction of the Cherry Street bridge over the Maumee River and the Ash-Consaul Street bridge over the same river at Toledo, and the Clark Avenue viaduct and the B. & 0. Railroad bridge at Cleveland ; also for the foundations of the Lincoln Memorial at Washington, D. C. Recently Mr. Ritchie offered his services to the United States Government with the organization of Cleveland Engineers in the war. He has always been interested in military affairs, and in 1885-86 was a member of the Cleveland Grays. He is a member and former president of the Cleveland Engineering Society, a member of the American Society of Civil Enginers, and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. August 25, 1886, Mr. Ritchie married Mrs. Sarah E. Ruple, of Cleveland, sister of the late John F. Pankhurst, who was president of the Globe Iron. Works of Cleveland, as mentioned on other pages of this publication. Mrs. Ritchie is a member of the Fortnightly Musical Club and for many years has been a member of the First Baptist Church of Cleveland. Mr. Ritchie attends and supports this church but his membership is still with the First Congregational Church at Roxbury, Massachusetts. Mr. and Mrs. Ritchie reside at 2046 East Ninety-sixth Street. HAWXEN SCHOOL is a Cleveland institution which, though by its very nature can supply only a limited portion of the public with its privileges and advantages, deserves wider recognition and to be better known. The familiar type of private school which so many Ohio boys and girls attended thirty or forty years ago has given way before the superior abilities and resources afforded by the public school system. But at the present time and for some years to come at least the public school, even in large and wealthy cities, has its deficiencies due to the necessary standardization of methods and the lack of individual attention and care inevitable under a system where one teacher must supervise anywhere from twenty to eighty pupils. Hawken School might therefore be called a school of "specialized attention," in which, however the enrollment may increase, there is a definitely fixed relationship between the number of pupils and instructors. But the aims and scope of the school can best be stated in the words of the school prospectus itself. "The school is a small day school for boys between the ages of five and fourteen. The aim of the school is found in Professor James' definition of the work of education, which he makes to consist chiefly and essentially in training the pupil to behavior; 'taking behavior not in the narrow sense of his manners, but in the very widest possible sense, including every sort of fit reaction on the circumstances into which he may find himself brought by the vicissitudes of life.' Our effort is to increase and develop in the boy all the powers with which he is endowed, to meet successfully and control his environment; and to do this while the boy has for his normal surroundings the home and home circle. We are training the boy only in such matters and in such ways as can be done more conveniently and more effectively than by the family itself. The school is so closely related to the home that the home and school life of. the boy become a continuous whole. To preserve this unity our enrollment list shall always be small. " Our classes are composed of no more than eight boys under the care of one teacher. This group arrangement is made to give the teacher the opportunity of adapting his methods to the needs of the individual boy. Recognizing that the boy not only differs from his companions in physical characteristics but possesses individual and peculiar tendencies, talents, tastes, etc., the school makes it the first duty of the teacher to learn the native tendencies of each boy, his characteristic traits, his abilities and disabilities. This knowledge is used in the classroom, and a record of it is kept for reference and for comparison with future data. Such a record, which includes each teacher's independent estimate of the boy, is given to the parents in the form of a report. In this way the teacher approaches each boy in the terms of the boy's own individuality, and co-operation is obtained between the parent and teacher in the common cause of discovering and leading out all that is best in the heart and mind of the boy and removing all hindrances to the development of that best. "The subjects taught are those common to most primary and elementary schools. A very important place is given on our program to CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 423 manual work, play and sense-training. Standard tests for measuring ability in reading, spelling, arithmetic, geography, etc., will be given monthly to each boy, but the educational value of the knowledge acquired by the boy at the school must be determined solely by its effects on the boy's will. "An essential part of the school's curriculum are the formal classes in habit forming—specific drills that are intended to start the formation of the habits of obedience, observation, concentration, attention, courtesy, and so on." Hawken School was established in 1915. The first year the enrollment was sixteen boys, and during the school year 1917-18 the enrollment was forty-eight. FRANKLIN AYLESWORTH HANDRICK, M. D. Without the inscrutable wisdom which sees life in all its compensations and adjustments, humanity will express special regret and grief when some of the noblest lives are cut short in the midst of their most useful service and expression. This was true in Cleveland when the community suffered by death the loss of Dr. Franklin Aylesworth Handrick, one of the most brilliant physicians and surgeons of the city, who died there September 20, 1901, at the early age of thirty-three. Doctor Handrick was born in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, in 1868, and in his brief life he gave much to mankind and added lustre to the dignity of an old American name. He was the son of Dr. E. L. and Martha D. (Leet) Handrick. His mother's family gave their name to Leet Island off the coast of Massachusetts, and the Leets have been prominent for 300 years in the affairs of Connecticut and other New England colonies and states. Doctor Handrick's great-grandfather, Capt. Luther Leet, was a soldier and officer in the Revolutionary war. His grandfather, Dr. Calvin Leet, was a successful physician and surgeon, and Doctor Handrick inherited his profession also through his father, who became one of the best known doctors in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. Dr. E. L. Handrick was born in Susquehanna County, in Jessup Township, June 9, 1840. He was educated in local schools, and was graduated from the Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. He began practice during the Civil war in the Borough of Friendsville, and was in active practice there for many years. He finally took up his residence at Friendsville, Pennsylvania. Dr. E. L. Handriek's father was Urania Stone Handrick. The Handricks are of Holland-English descent. About the time Dr. E. L. Handrick located at Friendsville he married Miss Martha D. Leet, daughter of Dr. Calvin D. Leet, of Friendsville. She died there April 3, 1907, while Dr. Handrick died November 5, 1916. Both are buried in the old Quaker Cemetery at Choconut, Pennsylvania. Dr. Franklin Aylesworth Handrick was graduated from the same institution as his father, Jefferson Medical College of Philadelphia. In 1895 he located at Cleveland, Ohio, and for the six years until his death, September 20, 1901 was in active practice. April 5, 1899, he married Miss Gertrude M. Foran, a daughter of Judge Martin Foran. Doctor Handrick left two children surviving him. A sketch of Mrs. Gertrude M. Handrick appears below. For one year Dr. Handrick served as house physician at the St. Alexis Hospital, for two years was district physician and for two years physician at the workhouse. His distinguishing traits were intense passionate love for his family, true, sterling honesty, and the deepest devotion to the daily duties of a doctor's life. Even his brief lifetime left its impress on many lives and encouraged loftier aims, purer thoughts and nobler deeds. Dr. Hand-rick was the only child of his parents, and he was laid to rest in the old Quaker cemetery in Pennsylvania where his father and mother lie buried. GERTRUDE M. HANDRICK. The barriers of convention are high and strong, but so far as they have operated to restrain women from usefulness and service for which they are especially qualified such barriers are being rapidly broken down. Women have earned notable distinction in the fields of education, in medicine, the law and as practical business executives. It is noteworthy that where courageous leadership on the part of one individual effects an entrance into hitherto conventionally restricted arenas, the example is quickly followed by others. Thus Gertrude M. Hand-rick after her admission to the bar of Ohio by examination before the Supreme Court at Columbus, December 21, 1911, was the first woman lawyer to take up active practice in Cleveland. but today, after only five years, the bar of that city contains eighteen women lawyers. Mrs. Handrick was Cleveland's first woman attorney, the first to practice in the city, and 424 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS has undoubted rank as the leader of her sex in the profession. She also enjoys the enviable distinction of being the only woman attorney in Cleveland to whom has been entrusted the handling of large and important cases. She is both an advocate and a counselor, and when addressing a crowded court room she seeks no favors, except such as her merit and ability deserve. Mrs. Handrick is a lady in every sense of the word, and her presence in the profession has served to elevate its general tone. While she is in general practice, she does not encourage business connected with criminal cases or divorce cases, and much prefers corporation work and damage suits. In the course of her practice she has earned some splendid fees on such cases. Mrs. Handrick was born in Cleveland, May 1, 1871, a daughter of Judge Martin A. Foran and Katherine (Kavanagh) Foran. Her father is now one of the judges of the Common Pleas Court in Cleveland, and his career is given in a special article on other pages of this publication. Her mother died in Cleveland, May 20, 1893. Mrs. Handrick was born in one of her grandfather Kavanagh's houses, located on the West Side, on what was then called Washington Avenue and later Twenty-third Avenue, but today is Tillman Avenue, Northwest. The old house which was her birthplace is still standing. Grandfather Kavanagh was one of the early settlers of Cleveland, coming from Ireland. Besides his own residence he built a number of tenant houses around it, after the fashion of grouping such houses as followed in Ireland. The householders all obtained their water from one well, and there were various other community practices, such as modern American tenement districts no longer follow. Mrs. Handrick was educated in private schools, in the Ursuline Convent at Villa Angeline, Ohio, and completed her literary training in the Academy of the Visitation Convent at Georgetown, Washington, D. C., which she attended while her father was in Congress. Visitation Convent is one of the oldest, if not the oldest convent in the United States. She was graduated there June 20, 1888. On April 5, 1899, at the old Wedell house, which is now torn down, at Cleveland, she married Dr. Franklin Aylesworth Handrick, a brilliant young physician and surgeon, who died September 20, 1901. A sketch of Doctor Handrick appears on other pages. At his death Mrs. Handrick was left with two children, Martha A., the older, died May 13, 1907, at the age of seven years, two months. Martin Foran Handrick, the only son, was born in Cleveland, June 12, 1901, and at the age of fifteen is said to be the strongest and best physically developed boy of his age in the city. He stands six feet, one inch tall, weighs 230 pounds, and is a graduate of the Loyola High School, a branch of the St. Ignatius Jesuit College. He plays left guard on the Loyola football team, and his ambition is to be an all-American guard. He has been appointed to enter Annapolis and will take examination February 19, 1919. Even as a young girl Mrs. Handrick recognized strong predilections for the profession in which her father was a distinguished member. After her husband's death she determined to earn a place in that vocation. As a stenographer she was employed in several different law offices, and for three years was secretary to her father before he went on the bench. Judge Foran was by no means favorable to her decision to become a lawyer, believing that the profession called for too much hard work for a woman, but he soon realized that her resolution was not subject to change, and he did all he could to increase her qualifications and early experience. In 1908 Mrs. Handrick entered the law department of Baldwin University, and was the only woman graduate in a class of thirty-six in 1911. Besides her law course she had been well trained under her father's direction. After her admission to the bar she began practice at Cleveland, January 1, 1912, and on March 20th of that year opened the office in the Society for Savings Building, where she is still located. Mrs. Handrick is one of the ablest and most influential leaders in the suffrage movement in Cleveland, and was chairman of the Business Woman's Suffrage League in 1912 for one year. She took an active part in the suffrage campaign of 1912 and 1914, being captain of the Ninth Ward suffrage campaign of 1912. She also was one of the marchers in the suffrage campaign parade in Columbus in 1912, and at Cleveland in 1914. Mrs. Handrick was the first woman attorney admitted to membership in the Cleveland Bar Association. In 1913 she served on the committee on Woman's Organizations of the Cleveland Commission, Perry's Victory Centennial. She is a member of St. John's Cathedral, belongs to the Catholic Ladies of Columbia, being president of branch No. 14 of Cleveland for two years and delegate to conventions in 1912 and 1914. She was for- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 425 merly a member of the Ladies' Chamber of Commerce of Cleveland, but gave up active membership on account of the accumulating business connected with her profession. THOMAS F. NEWMAN is one of the prominent figures in the Great Lakes transportation interests centering at Cleveland. Born and reared in this city, his first opportunity was given him as a minor workman and employe when he was about twenty years of age. Since that time he has been steadily climbing to responsibility, and out of his experience and ability have come the chief part of the personal resources that have developed the Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Company as one of the larger organizations handling water traffic on Lake Erie. Mr. Newman was born in Cleveland April 8, 1858. His father, Thomas Newman, was born in Huntingshire, England, in 1814, was reared and educated in the old country and learned the trade a cooper, and engaged in that business for himself. In 1850, coming to Cleveland, he established a cooperage plant and continued it in successful operation until his death in 1890. He identified himself with American politics as a republican voter and was a faithful member of the Baptist Church. In his native shire of England in 1838 he married Mary Ann Stokes. Of their six children the only one now living is Thomas F. Thomas F. Newman had a public school education until he was sixteen. His first employment was as assistant bookkeeper for the Cleveland Bulk Oil Company. In 1875, at the age of seventeen, he found a new opportunity and went to work as general utility boy with the Detroit & Cleveland Steam Navigation Company, now the Detroit & Cleveland Navigation Company. His industry and rapid comprehension of the business attracted attention, and in 1878 he was advanced to chief clerk, and when in 1884 death removed Capt. L: A. Pierce, then general agent for the Cleveland territory, Mr. Newman was appointed the captain's successor. He filled that position and acquired a valuable experience and knowledge of the lake boating business for about ten years. In 1893 he resigned in order to organize the Cleveland & Buffalo Transit Company, of which he has ever since been secretary and general manager. The president of the company is M. A. Bradley, the vice president Albert Chisholm, and the treasurer A. T. Zill merr. This company operates four well known lake boats : The Seeandbee, which is the largest steamer of her class in the world ; the City of Erie, City of Buffalo, and State of Ohio. All these boats were built under the direct supervision of Mr. Newman with the exception of the Ohio. These boats and the facilities of the company compete and receive a large share of the passenger and freight traffic between Cleveland and Buffalo, and also have Cedar Point, Put-in-Bay and Port Stanton as ports of call. It is a big business, requiring the services of 500 men, and though the company started on a small scale and modest capital there has been an increase since the beginning of fully 800 per cent. In 1901 Mr. Newman accepted a challenge for a contest of speed between his steamer City of Erie and the steamer Tashmoo, a boat owned at Detroit. The course was laid between Cleveland and Erie, Pennsylvania, a distance of 100 miles. The City of Erie won the race by forty-five seconds, and that proved her the fastest boat on the lake. The maximum speed on the coarse was better than twenty-five miles, while the average for the entire 100 miles was 227/s miles. While navigation and shipping have always constituted Mr. Newman's chief interests, ht is a director in a number of large business enterprises. He is a member of the Union Club, Clifton Club, Automobile Club, Transportation Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Ellicot Club of Buffalo, the Detroit Club of Detroit. He is a republican voter and attends the Baptist. Church. In 1887 Mr. Newman married Miss Carrie Lucia Glover, of Howell, Michigan. EUGENE C. PECK. Both the industrial and civic community of Cleveland recognize in Eugene C. Peck a man of exceptional qualifications and attainments, one who has pursued a straightforward career to bigger responsibilities and better things for himself and for the interests he has served. He was born at Akron, Ohio, December 20, 1867. His father, Hubert C. Peck, was born near the same Ohio city December 5, 1847, attended the public schools of Akron and following an apprenticeship became a cabinet maker at Akron, a trade he followed and by which he provided the urgent necessities for home and growing family until his death. He was a soldier of the Civil war, having served two enlistments with the Twenty-third Army 426 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Corps. At Akron he married Lydia C. Clouner, who was born near that city December 12, 1847. Eugene C. Peck was the oldest in a family of six children. He did not begin life the son of a wealthy father, and when at the age of seventeen he left the public schools of Akron it was to begin an earnest career of work and self support. For four years he was an apprentice machinist with the Akron Iron Company and was then employed and given the full wages of a regular machinist. He has never been the kind of man who is content with routine performance and rewards. One of Akron's leading industries, Whitman, Barnes & Company, eventually put him in charge of their machine shops, and he remained as operating superintendent for five years. Up to that time his attainments and abilities were those secured by thorough experience, but his future was handicapped by lack of special technical qualifications. To supply that need he spent two years in Stevens Institute as a student of mechanical engineering. Following that he remained in the East for several years, for two years had charge of the shops of the T. & B. Spool Company at Danbury, Connecticut, also spent six Months in putting a plant into operation at New Bedford, Massachusetts, and for another year had active charge of S. W. Cards Tap & Die Works. On coming to Cleveland Mr. Peck went with the Cleveland Twist Drill Company as mechanical engineer, and in 1904 was promoted to general superintendent of this well known Cleveland industry. He is a director of the company and also a director of the Cleveland Life Insurance Company, the Bankers Guarantee & Mortgage Company, and the Winton Hotel Company. Eugene C. Peck, in April, 1918, was made a lieutenant colonel in the ordnance department of the army and took charge of the gauge section of the Engineering Bureau. Mr. Peck is founder and president of the Modern Methods School Company of Cleveland. His long experience in engineering lines makes him an honored member in the Society of Automobile Motive Engineers, of the American Electrical Chemical Society, and he is chairman of the Industrial Preparedness Committee of the Cleveland Engineering Society. He is also an honorary member of Troop A of the Ohio National Guard of Cleveland, is a member of the Chambers of Commerce of Akron and Cleveland and a mem ber of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. In Masonry he is affiliated with Union Lodge No. 40, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Danbury, Connecticut, with Eureka Chapter No. 23, Royal Areh Masons, also of Danbury, Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar, of Cleveland, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and Al Sirat Grotto No. 17, Mystic Order Veiled Prophets. In 1910 Mr. Peek bought a farm at Macedonia, Ohio, and has since combined the duties and interests of a rural neighborhood with his city activities. He lives at Macedonia on the farm and specializes in pure bred Guernsey cattle. He is a republican but never had at any time considered political honors until on November 6, 1917, he was elected mayor of the Town of Macedonia. At Akron May 1, 1899, he married Miss Ivy Kessler. They have one son, Lionel S., who is a graduate of the Cleveland High School and the Ohio State University. After his university career he took chargeof his father's farm and also busied himself with mechanical lines until January, 1916, when he enlisted in the Cleveland Grays and saw some active duty on the Mexican border in Texas. He is now stationed in the National Army Encampment at Montgomery; Alabama, as corporal in charge of a machine gun squad. CAPT. ALVA BRADLEY in the middle decades of the last century was easily one of the foremost figures in the shipping industry of the Great Lakes. His career was a progressive one. He began as a sailor before the mast, was a vessel master many years, and built and owned boats until the Bradley fleet was one of the largest under individual management on the lakes. With all due credit to her other sources of prosperity Cleveland is primarily a great port of commerce, and it would not be easy to over emphasize the part played by Captain Bradley in building up these transportation interests. He was of New England birth and ancestry and at the same time represented one of the early pioneer families of the Ohio Western Reserve. He was born at Ellington, Connecticut, November 27, 1814, son of Leonard and Roxanna Bradley. Leonard Bradley was born in the Town of Ellington, Tolland County, Connecticut, November 4, 1792. He migrated to Brown-helm, Ohio, in the year 1817, located lands, and remained two years, after which he returned to Connecticut and married Roxanna, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 427 daughter of William Thrall, of Tolland County, and immediately returned to Ohio, where he was identified as a pioneer farmer. By this union were born four children, viz., Capt. Alva Bradley ; William Bradley, a resident of Brownhelm ; Betsy, deceased ; and Julia. Mrs. Leonard Bradley died February 25, 1858. Mr. Bradley married for his second wife Emily, widow of William Nye, of Onondago County, New York, and daughter of John Thompson, who was of Scotch birth and ancestry. Mr. Bradley was an ardent advocate of republicanism during his latter days, being formerly a member of the old whig party, and served his township as trustee and in other offices from time to time. When a young man he carried a lady (who wished to visit friends, not having seen any white ladies in several months) over the Vermillion River on an ox, he riding one and the lady the other ox, the oxen having to swim on account of the depth of the stream. Mr. Bradley remained on the old homestead until the date of his death, which occurred. May 3, 1875. His wife survived him, still remaining on the old homestead, surrounded by many friends and tenderly cared for in her declining years by her children. In 1823 the Bradley family gave up a home among the barren hills of New England and started for the new Connecticut of Ohio. A wagon carried them to Albany, New York, whence they journeyed by canal boat to Buffalo, and there took a small sailing vessel which carried them the rest. of the way to Cleveland. This was Alva Bradley's first experience on the Great Lakes, and it is possible that at this time he received some of the impressions which seriously and permanently inclined him to a seafaring career and which caused him some ten years later, after he had gained his education in the common schools and had worked with his father to clear away woods and brush from the homestead near Brownhelm in Lorain County, to seek opportunity to become a sailor. It is said that he left his parents' home with all his possessions in a bundle and gained his first opportunity as a sailor on board the schooner Liberty. He worked before the masts on several vessels, including the Young Leopold, Edward Bancroft, Express and Commodore Lawrence. The first boat he sailed as master was Olive Branch, running in trade from the island to the South Shore ports of Lake Erie. This boat was owned by Captain Joseph P. Atkinson, and was a small vessel of only fifteen tons. He next had charge of the schooner Commodore Lawrence, owned by the Geauga Furnace Company of Vermillion. It was a boat of forty-seven tons, old measurement. He was next master in succession of the schooner South America, which, in association with Ahira Cobb, Captain Bradley built at Vermillion, a boat of about two hundred tons ; the schooner Birmingham, also built at Vermillion by Mr. Burton Parsons and sold to the firm of Cobb & Bradley, who by that time had formed a close partnership in the vessel business ; also the schooner Ellington. The firm of Bradley & Cobb constructed one of the first propellers operated on the Great Lakes, the old Indiana, of which Captain Bradley was master. The Indiana, of 350 tons, sailed between Buffalo and Chicago. Captain Bradley commanded all these boats and others and was active on the lakes as a sailor and master for about fifteen years. Soon after the construction of the Indiana he came ashore and employed others to command his craft. He located his home at Vermillion, and there took active charge of the ship yards. A partial list of the vessels Captain Bradley built in later years is as follows, indicating the name of the boat, the year it was built, and its tonnage : The Challenge, 1853, 238; the Bay City, 1854, 190; the C. C. Griswold, 1855, 359; the Queen City, 1856, 358 ; the Wellington, 1856, 300 ; the Ex. change, 1858, 390; the S. H. Kimball, 1861, 418; the Wagstaff, 1863, 412; the J. F. Card, 1864, 370 ; the Escanaba, 1865, 568 ; the Negaunee, 1867, 850. All of these at the particular time they were constructed was as large as could be handled through streams and at the dock. From 1868 to 1882 Captain Bradley in association with others built eighteen vessels and at the time of his death it comprised a large fleet. In 1868 he centered all his interests at Cleveland, moving his shipyards to that city. He continued to build and float lake vessels at the rate of one each season. His business became so extensive that he deemed it economy to carry his own insurance, and considering the efficiency and carefulness of the organization he built up and his good fortune this was a step of wisdom and prudence. It is said that he never lost a vessel or had a wreck during his personal career as captain, and as a vessel owner only five boats were lost. Captain Bradley was a man of simple, mat- 428 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ter-of-fact character. His office was always exceedingly plain. For several years it was on Water Street and later in the Merchants National Bank Building at the corner of Superior and Bank streets. He was noted for the regularity of his habits. Like many old sailors he was a man of few words, though in his personal relations was not by any means stern and had a reserve fund of quiet but wearing geniality. One who knew him says that he had about "the brightest pair of eyes that ever twinkled in a man's head." He began life without a dollar, and was rated as one of the wealthy men of the city when he passed away at his home on Euclid Avenue November 28, 1885, just one day after his seventy-first birthday. His mother died at the old homestead at Brownhelm in 1858, his father dying about 1875. In 1851 Captain Bradley married Helen M. Burgess, of Milan, Ohio. Mrs. Bradley died August 26, 1896. All the shipping interests around the Great Lakes recognized a distinct loss in the death of Captain Bradley, and his standing in business affairs is also indicated by the fact that resolutions of respect were offered by the Cleveland Board of Trade and the Savings & Trust Company. His extensive business interests have been continued by his only son, Morris A. Bradley, who is in many ways a counterpart of his father, especially in his possession of quiet, unostentatious manners and his rugged business integrity. To Captain Bradley and wife were born four children, the son Morris being the third in age. The three daughters are: Mrs. Norman S. Keller, of Cleveland; Mrs. C. E. Grover, who died in December, 1886 ; and Mrs. C. F. Morehouse, who died in 1894. MORRIS A. BRADLEY. While statistics are not biography, the most significant statement of Morris A. Bradley's position in Cleveland life and affairs and his manifold interests is furnished in a list of the corporations and other organizations with which he is actively identified at the present time. He is president of the Cleveland and Buffalo Transportation Company, president of the United States Coal Company, secretary and treasurer of the Erie Building Company, secretary and treasurer of the Alva Realty Company, secretary and treasurer of the St. Clair Realty Company, president of the Bradley Electrical Company, and he and his two sons own and operate the Bradley Light, Heat and Power Company. For a number of years he was president of the State National Bank, which was absorbed by the First National Bank of Cleveland. He is also a member of the University School Corporation. Mr. Bradley is a son of the late Captain Alva Bradley, whose achievements as a lake captain, boat builder and vessel owner have been noted on other pages of this publication. Morris A. Bradley was born at Cleveland August 15, 1859. He acquired a good education in public and private schools and his first business training came as an employe of the wholesale hardware house of Lockwood, Taylor & Company. After that he was a student in Hiram College. In 1880 he entered business with his father and at the death of his father five years later assumed management of the estate, which his own- judgment and ability have greatly increased. Mr. Bradley is one of the largest owners of real estate in Cleveland and has erected many large buildings in the business district. For a number of years he was active in the boat building business and at one time owned a fleet of twenty-six boats on the Great Lakes. Most of these were part of the fleet built up by his father and were the old style boats of thirty years ago and were finally put out of commission by the advance of modern improvements. Mr. Bradley is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and belongs to the Country Club, the Roadside Club, the Shaker Lakes Club, City Club, Civic League and the Union Club. He attends and supports the First Unitarian Church of Cleveland. May 10, 1883, he married Miss Anna A. Leininger, daughter of the late C. C. Leininger of Cleveland. Mrs. Bradley was born and educated in New York City. They are the parents of five children : Alva, Charles L., Helen M., Eleanor and Catherine A. All were born in Cleveland, and were liberally educated here and elsewhere. The oldest daughter, Helen M., attended a young ladies seminary in the East and is now the wife of Malcolm B. Vilas of Cleveland. The daughters also attended the Hatheway-Brown School and Eleanor is a member of the class of 1919 in that noted Cleveland private school. Both sons attended Cornell University, Charles L. graduating from that institution. Both boys are graduates of the University School of Cleveland. The family are prominent socially. Mr. Bradley always found much recreation as a member of the Gentlemen's Driving Club and as an expert amateur horseman. His CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 429 sons are active young business men and are members of a number of corporations and companies. The family reside at 7217 Euclid Avenue, and the business offices of Mr. Bradley are in the Marion Building at 1276 West Third Street, N. W. THOMAS L. GAWNE is member of the well known Gawne family that has figured so prominently in building and construction at Cleveland for more than half a century. Mr. Gawne himself has been identified with the building trades and the general contracting business the greater part of his active career, and is one of the executive officials of the Cleveland Trinidad Paving Company. He was born at Cleveland February 4, 1863, son of the late John Gawne, a native of the Isle of Man, who came to Cleveland in the early '50s and was a prominent building contractor here till he retired in 1889. After getting his education in the public schools of Cleveland to the age of eighteen Thomas L. Gawne went to work for his father, and under that master builder learned every branch of the trade. After that he was associated with his father and brothers as building contractors until 1889. In that year Thomas L. Gawne accepted a position in the sewer department of the city engineer's office, and was there five years before he went with the Cleveland Trinidad Paving Company as foreman. In 1902 he was promoted to superintendent of construction, and since 1914 has also held the offices of vice president and director. During this time Mr. Gawne has supervised the laying of a large part of the asphalt pavements in Cleveland and suburbs. Fraternally he is a past master of Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, is a member of Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. HARRY W. HOSFORD was born in Watertown, New York, January 9, 1885, a son of Clark B. and Edith A. Hosford. Coming to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1906, at the age of twenty-one, he secured a position with the firm of C. E. Denison & Company, investment bond dealers, with whom he remained as office man and salesman for six years. He quickly distinguished himself after getting on the sales force, and he has probably sold as many bonds and placed as large and important issues as any other man of his age in Cleveland. From the Denison Company he went with Spitzer-Rorick & Company, investment bond dealers. of New York, Chicago and Toledo, as bond salesman. He traveled for this firm all over the State of Ohio. Mr. Hosford entered the bond business for himself February 1, 1916. His offices are in the Union National Bank Building, and he deals in general corporation and municipal bonds. He is a member of the Masonic Order, the Chamber of Commerce, and is a republican. WILLIAM C. MUELLER is a young Cleveland lawyer with a brilliant future, based upon the earnest and successful work he has done since his admission to the bar. He is a member of the firm of Jaglinski & Mueller, with offices in the Engineers' Building. Mr. Mueller was born in Cleveland, July 15, 1892, a son of Louis and Elizabeth (Wentz) Mueller. Louis Mueller was born near Berlin, Germany, came to the United States immediately following the close of the Franco-Prussian war, was a stranger in a strange .land, and located at Cleveland, where for five years he was engaged in the liquor business at the corner of West Twenty-fifth Street and Franklin. He was a well known citizen and had a large friendship and personal following. He died at the age of forty-five, in November, 1900, on the day that McKinley and Roosevelt were elected president and vice president of the United States. After coming to Cleveland he became acquainted with Miss Elizabeth Wentz, who had come to this city shortly after him, in company with her mother and a younger sister. She wag also born near Berlin and is still living at the old home in Cleveland. She is the mother of two sons, George and William C. William C. Mueller was educated in St.. Ignatius College in Cleveland, in which institution he spent seven years and completed the work of the sophomore class. For five years he was also in St. Joseph Convent. He acquired his knowledge of the law by study in the night classes of the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace University, and graduated and obtained his diploma with the class of June, 1916. In the following month he was admitted to the Ohio bar, and in August, 1916, he entered the practice of law in the Engineers' Building, where he is still located. In September,. 1916, he was joined 430 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS in practice by Frank J. Merrick and Joseph P. Jaglinski. Mr. Jaglinski was a graduate of the same law class as Mr. Mueller, while Mr. Merrick had finished his course the previous year. Later the firm name was changed to Jaglinski & Mueller. Both are able young attorneys, and though recently established have built up a very excellent clientele and have influential relations. Mr. Mueller, who is unmarried, lives with his mother in Cleveland. He is a member of St. Patrick's Catholic Parish and of the Knights of Columbus. In politics he is a republican. His chief recreation is following the great national pastime of baseball. For ten years he has been a member of the Cleveland Amateur Baseball Club. CARL W. SCHAEFER. For fourteen years Carl W. Schaefer has been practicing law at Cleveland with steadily growing success and reputation. He is a member of the firm Litzler & Schaefer, attorneys and counsellors at law in Society for Savings Building. This is one of the representative law firms of Cleveland, and both members are high grade lawyers, with reputation and clientage securely established. Mr. Schaefer is a native of Springfield, Ohio, where he was born June 1, 1881, a son of Charles H. and Susan B. Schaefer. Both parents are still living at Springfield. For the past forty-five years Charles H. Schaefer has been a leading wholesale merchant at Springfield and is head of the business conducted by Charles H. Schaefer & Son. Carl W. Schaefer spent his early life in Springfield, graduated from the high school there in 1900, afterwards attended the University of Michigan, and finished his law studies in Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace College, graduating LL. B. in 1904. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in the same year and has since been admitted to practice in the federal courts. Mr. Schaefer is a member in good standing of the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar Association and the American Bar Association. He began practice alone at Cleveland in 1904. and later was made a member of the firm Morgan, Litzler & Schaefer. That partnership lost its senior member when Robert M. Morgan was elevated to the bench in the Court of Common Pleas, and since then it has been continued as Litzler & Schaefer. In politics Mr. Schaefer is nominally a democrat but in fact and practice strictly in dependent. In the fall of 1917 he was virtually drafted as candidate of the independent citizens of Lakewood, where he resides, as their candidate for mayor of that suburban town. Mr. Schaefer has had a very successful experience both in and out of the strict lines of the law. For seven years he was private secretary to the president of the First National Bank of Cleveland, and that gave him an intimate acquaintance with banking affairs. He is vice president of the Chrisford Construction Company, the largest contracting firm at Lakewood, is vice president of the Cleveland Stoneware Company, is vice president of the Cleveland Bottle and Cork Company ; is secretary of the Cummer Products Company, manufacturers of dry cleaning and shoe dressing preparations; is vice president of the Cleveland Piano Company; and counsellor and a director of the Lakewood Masonic Temple Company. He is also a member of the City Club and Civic League of Cleveland, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Advertising Club, the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce, and prominent both in Masonry and the Knights of Pythias. He is affiliated with Pearl Lodge No. 163, Knights of Pythias, which he has served as chancellor and as representative to the Grand Lodge. His Masonic affiliations are with Lakewood Lodge No. 601, Free and Accepted Masons; Cunningham Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar; Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and the Scottish Rite Consistory. Some of his more intimate interests are revealed in his offices, on the walls of which hang portraits of representative American statesmen, and a large group picture of famous old buildings and historic landmarks in the United States. HARRY ALFRED PETERS. For nearly thirty years the University School has occupied a distinctive place in the educational facilities of Cleveland, especially as a preparatory school from which hundreds of young men have entered the higher institutions of learning. The University School has a high place in the affections of its hundreds of loyal alumni, and the records of these alumni as successful men in the world of affairs is the most complete testimony to the value and efficiency of the school itself. Because of his position for the past fifteen years as instructor and principal of the University School there is a general interest in the career of Harry Alfred Peters. Mr. Peters CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 431 came to Cleveland soon after he graduated as an honor man from Yale University. He was born at Mauch Chunk, Pennsylvania, August 4, 1879. He graduated from high school in 1894 and after two years in the paymaster's office of the Lehigh Valley Railroad entered Phillips Andover Academy, graduating in 1898. From this one of the most exclusive preparatory schools of New England, he entered Yale, where he finished his academic work in 1902. Mr. Peters at Andover won prizes in Latin and Greek, honors in mathematics and English, was in the Means Prize Speaking Contest and was a commencement speaker. At Yale he won honors for two years in modern languages, and was elected a Phi Beta Kappa. He was also a member of the senior class baseball team. On taking up his duties at University School in the fall of 1902, Mr. Peters was instructor in physical geography and history the first year, in 1903 taught Latin and German, and from 1904 to 1908 was in charge of classes in French and Latin. In 1908, upon the .resignation of Mr. George D. Pettee, Mr. Peters was elected principal. University School has enjoyed great growth and advancement in the ten years of his administration. Its enrollment has practically doubled, and whereas in former years the school was operated at a deficit the revenues for several years have been sufficient to offset all operating expenses. At the same time the value of the property has greatly increased. This better financial showing has not been made at the expense of needed improvements and extensions of courses and facilities. Mr. Peters is a man of thorough scholarship, administrative ability, and has many versatile interests that serve to strengthen his hold upon the students and increase the value of his work among them. He has always kept up an interest in athletics, for several years coached the baseball team of the school, and several times has won individual honors at tennis. He has traveled widely, both in his home country and abroad, and in 1912 he was one of a party from representative secondary schools of America on a return visit to schools of England, where he visited Glasgow, Edinburg, Oxford, Cambridge, Rugby, Eton, Harrow and Winchester, and on the continent extended his observations to the universities of Leyden, Bonn, Heidelberg and Paris. Mr. Peters is a member of the Head Masters' Association, of the North Academic Association, which he served as president in 1913-14, Vol. II-28 has been a member of the governing board of the Yale Alumni Association for Cleveland and vicinity, belongs to the University Club, Chamber of Commerce, and the Second Presbyterian Church. January 1, 1908 at Gilroy, California, he married Miss Rosamond Zuck. They have one son, Richard Dorland. J. FRANK HARRISON. From the standpoint of human affairs the most interesting part of the record of the many men prominent in Cleveland industries is that the majority of them served their apprenticeship in the role of hard work, humble station, and have risen to positions of prominence and responsibility by the route which has been recommended by all philosophers and students as the only sure road to success. An example of this is J. Frank Harrison, whose name is readily identified with the leaders in Cleveland industries. He was born at Springfield, Ohio, April 7, 1859, son of John D. and Barbara (Metzger) Harrison. Soon after his birth his parents moved to Middletown, Ohio, where the son attended public school until fourteen and then went to work learning a trade in his father's jobbing machine shop. He remained there until he was twenty-two and then, being a master machinist, he traveled about from place to place working at his trade, going as far west as Denver. In the course of his moves about the country he reached Cuyahoga Falls in 1884 and there took charge of the Falls River and Machine Company. From thette he moved into Cleveland in 1889, accepting the position of superintendent 'of the National Screw and Tack Company. Having accumulated a great deal of valuable experience and being in short a recognized authority in his branch of manufacture, Mr. Harrison resigned in 1896 and with 'others associated with him organized the Atlas Bolt & Screw Company. He was the first superintendent of this business and also on the board of directors, and since 1902 has been its general manager. The growth of the business is a reflection of Cleveland's progressive spirit of enterprise within the last twenty years. There were only thirty-five men on the payroll when the company opened for business, while today from 400 to 500 men are living through employment in this industry. The Atlas Bolt & Screw Company is really two manufacturing concerns. One manufactures bolt screws and screw machinery products. The other depart- 432 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ment is the Atlas Car & Manufacturing Company. Its product consists of a general line of mining ears, coke, quenching cars, and all kinds of cars used in ore furnace equipment. They also put out some of the best types of electric locomotives. In September, 1917, the business was moved to its new quarters on Ivanhoe Road. This is a large modern building, of most approved type of modern factory construction and affords 155,000 square feet of floor space. As a man of demonstrated ability, J. Frank Harrison has naturally been drawn into other important business affairs. He was one of the founders and is a director of the Cleveland Brass & Copper Mills, Incorporated. He is a director and first vice president of the Guarantee State Savings & Loan Company, director in the Noble Land Company, and a stockholder in the Cleveland Life Insurance Company. He is active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. October 20, 1886, at Cuyahoga Falls, Mr. Harrison married Miss Nellie Blood. They have a daughter and a son. Florence M., the daughter, is a graduate of the Shaw High School and the Woman's College of Western Reserve University, and is now studying music in New York City. She is a member of the Phi Kappa Zeta Sorority. Leland A. is also a graduate of the Shaw High School and of Western Reserve University, and is now assistant to the superintendent of the Atlas Bolt & Screw Company. He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon College Fraternity. He married March 2, 1918, Beatrice L. Honnecker, of Cleveland. CHARLES H. NOCK, a native of Cleveland, has for a number of years been identified with the fire brick and building supply business, and is. now head of one of the large concerns of its kind in the city, the Nock Fire Brick Company. Mr. Nock was born in Rockport, Cuyahoga County, October 24, 1872. His father, George Nock, was born in Germany April 12, 1834, and educated in the old country. He came to Cleveland in 1854, first knowing this city when it was a comparatively small town. He did not settle in the city but on a farm nearby at Rockport. and was busily engaged in agriculture until he retired in 1885. He died in 1897. By his marriage at Cleveland to Antonio Volk, who is still living, he was the father of ten children. Charles H. Nock as member of this large household early realized his responsibilities as an individual in the world, and at the age of thirteen and a half his education was finished so far as formal school attendance was concerned. He had been in the public schools and also St. Stephen's Parochial School. Mr. Nock is now in a line of business which is widely differentiated from his early occupations. After leaving school he served as a shoemaker's apprentice for Samuel Kennard & Sons, shoe manufacturers at Cleveland. He was advanced to the position of foreman of the lasters, and remained with that one firm eleven years. He resigned to go to Muncie, Indiana, where for two years he was foreman for the Tappan Shoe Manufacturing Company. That was his last active association with shoe making, and when he returned to Cleveland he started practically at the bottom of the ladder as warehouseman for the Stowe, Fuller & Company, dealers in fire brick and building supplies. He was advanced from time to time to general utility man and salesman, and on October 1, 1912, resigned ..his position to establish the Nock Fire Brick Company. He has since been president and general manager of the company and has built up a large business throughout this part of the Middle West as dealers in fire brick and general builders' supplies. Mr. Nock is a democrat in politics and a member of the Catholic Church. At Muncie, Indiana, December 26, 1894, he married Leona A. Kepley. They are the parents of six children : Beatrice Marie ; Charles J., bookkeeper for his father; Frank A., who is branch manager for the Western Union Telegraph Company ; Gilbert B., and Ralph L., both in the parochial schools; and Helen A. EDWARD E. NEWMAN early found his work, distinguished himself by efficiency and fidelity in small roles, and is making his mark in Cleveland financial circles, being already secretary of the Cleveland Trust Company. He was born at Cleveland August 10, 1880. His father, Herman C. Newman, came to Cleveland in 1873 and for a time was superintendent of construction with Andrew Dall. Later the William Dall Company was organized, and since then he has been a partner and secretary of the corporation. Herman C. Newman married after coming to Cleveland Julia C. Whieher. Their three children are : Edward E., Arthur B., and W. Elmore. Edward E. Newman attended the grammar CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 433 and Central High schools of Cleveland until sixteen, had a year of special instruction in the Spencerian Business College, and on August 7, 1897, at the age of seventeen, was taken into the Cleveland Trust Company in the capacity of stenographer in the safe deposit department. He was promoted from time to time and is now secretary of the Cleveland Trust Company. Mr. Newman has a number of other responsibilities and interests in business affairs. He is director and treasurer of the Cleveland Ad Club, director in the Better Business Commission, secretary and treasurer of the Limestone Transportation Company, and secretary and treasurer of the Bradley Transportation Company. Mr. Newman was married first in 1901 to Helen M. Thayer, who died July 31, 1913. Socially he is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club. On May 17, 1915, at Cleveland, he married Theo Elizabeth Stevenson. They have one child, Jane E. DANIEL R. DAVIES is an important figure in Cleveland industrial circles. For about thirty years he has been identified with the Acme Machinery Company, of which he is secretary and treasurer. He has held that office with the company for nearly twenty years and for the past ten years has assumed the major part of the business responsibilities of the company. This is one of Cleveland's notable industries, has a large plant at 4533 St. Claire Avenue, Northeast, and is one of the standard concerns in America manufacturing bolt, nut and special machinery. Mr. Davies comes of a race of people who from time immemorial have been noted for their skill and efficiency in mechanical lines. He was born in South Wales, at Merthyr Tydfil, on February 16, 1867. However, since he was two years of age he has been an American, his parents having come to this country at that time. Both parents were natives of Wales, and on coming to America lived four years in Cleveland, then moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and also lived at Girard, Ohio. His father was a blacksmith by trade, and was connected with rolling mills at different points in Pennsylvania and Ohio. The family also lived at Canal Dover, Ohio, and from there returned to Cleveland, where the father spent the rest of his days. Daniel R. Davies and his oldest sister, Elizabeth, were both born in Wales, while the other children are natives of America, some of them born in Cleveland one in Pittsburgh, two in Girard, Ohio, and one in Canal Dover. Mr. Davies' brother David A. is purchasing agent for the Aeme Machinery Company. The six sisters are Elizabeth, Margaret A., Rachel, Jennie L., Edith H., and Mabel Grace. Elizabeth is now Mrs. Elizabeth Davies Lewis of Cleveland. She has two sons, the older, Albert Wayne Lewis, being connected with the M. A. Hanna & Company of Cleveland. Her younger son, William G., is with the First Regiment of American Engineers, and has been in France since August, 1917. Mrs. Lewis also has two daughters. Mr. Davies' sisters Rachel and Jennie are teachers in the Cleveland public schools, and Margaret and Mabel are also residents of Cleveland. The other sister, Edith, who was formerly a Cleveland teacher, is now Mrs. John Morris of Youngstown, Ohio. Daniel R. Davies received most of his education in the public schools of Cleveland and since leaving school has followed work along mechanical lines, practically his entire career having been devoted to the Acme Machinery Company. He is also a director of the State Banking & Trust Company of Cleveland, and a director of the Welker Supply Company. He is one of the prominent Masons of Cleveland, active both in the York and Scottish Rite. He is an honorary member and past master of Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, and gave up his membership in that lodge to organize and install Glenville Lodge No. 618, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, which he served as master for two years. In appreciation of his services the Glenville lodge presented him with a beautifully engraved gold watch. He also demitted from Cleveland Chapter to become a charter member of Glenville Chapter, Royal Arch Masons. He has membership in Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Since the age of twenty-one he has been identified with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and has social membership in the Cleveland Athletic Club, Willowick Country Club and belongs to the Credit Men's Association and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Davies is a very active outdoor man, fond of sports, including both golf and baseball, and for years has made a close study of Masonry in all its branches. February 28, 1894, he married Miss Elizabeth Donald Paton, who was born and educated in Cleveland, daughter of Robert W. 434 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Paton, the story of whose long and interesting career is told on other pages. Mr. and Mrs. Davies have two children, Marie Loveday and Catherine Paton. The former graduated from the Laurel private school for girls at Cleveland in 1914 and is a member of the class of 1918 at Vassar College. the younger daughter is now a member of the junior class of Laurel School. Both daughters were born in Cleveland. The Davies family have a pleasant home on East One Hundred and Eighth Street. Mr. Davies is president of the Glenville Masonic Temple Company, Incorporated, and this company is now planning under his direction the construction of a new temple for Glenville. ROBERT WILSON PATON. One of the pioneers in the rolling mill industry of Cleveland, long identified with manufacturing, the coal trade, and real estate interests, Robert Wilson Paton is a true son of old Scotland, and, venerable in years, still represents many of the stanch and hardy elements of his native character fused with a sturdy American loyalty and patriotism. Mr. Paton has been a resident of Cleveland for over sixty years. He was born in Dunfermline, Fifeshire, Scotland, March 10, 1834. About eighteen months later in the same village was born Andrew Carnegie, whose achievements have filled many of the brightest pages in American industrial life and world wide philanthropy. The Carnegie family immigrated to America about 1848, but Robert Wilson Paton clung to the ties of the old country until he was past his majority. His parents were James and Elizabeth (Donald) Paton, the former a machinist by trade and for twenty-five years foreman in the Dunfermline foundry. Both he and his wife died in the old country before their son came to America. Mr. Paton had a limited education. He attended one of the familiar pay schools of Scotland, taking his week's tuition with him and turning it over to the teacher every Monday morning. At the age of fifteen he went to work under his father's direction in the Dunfermline foundry. At the age of twenty he began work in a foundry at St. Trolix. He was there three years. That was a period of industrial depression and of much hardship in Scotland, and it was considered a rash venture on the part of Mr. Paton's friends when he gave up what was regarded as a substantial position to come to America. It required three weeks to cross the ocean in one of the sailing vessels of that period, and in July, 1857 he arrived at Cleveland, first visiting one of his brothers who had in the previous year located at Newburg. As a machinist and foundryman he went to work in the old mill of Stone, Cliisholm & Jones at Newburg, and later he and his brother and others associates took an active part in the operation of the Union Iron Works. In 1873 Mr. Paton retired from iron manufacturing to enter the coal business, and soon afterwards he invested some of his capital in several allotments at. Cleveland, eventually acquiring considerable property in the Newburg district. His good business judgment and financial skill enabled him to develop and market the property to advantage, and he was an important operator in the real estate field for a number of years. He has now sold nearly all his real estate, retaining only a few lots. Success of a substantial nature has been enjoyed by him, and he came to old age with an ample competence and with a record of complete honor and integrity in all his relationships. He was until 1913 a director of the Columbia Savings & Loan Company. Mr. Paton retired from active business in 1899. As an American citizen he has always supported the republican party, and has remained true to the religious observance of his forefathers as a member of the Presbyterian Church. He is now the oldest surviving member of the Odd Fellows in the south end of Cleveland and while never active as an official in the order has always kept his dues paid up promptly. He is also the oldest member of Cataract Lodge No. 295, Free and Accepted Masons. At Cleveland February 12, 1868, Mr. Paton married Miss Mary Loveday, who was born in Leicestershire, England, daughter of James and Sarah (Hurlbut) Loveday. Her father was a contractor and took his family to America in 1865. Mr. and Mrs. Paton enjoyed a marriage companionship of many years, until it was interrupted by her death on August 28, 1914. For a number of years they lived in a fine home at 1952 East Eighty-first Street in Cleveland, but they finally sold that and in 1909 went to live with their daughter, Mrs. D. R. Davies, where Mrs. Paton died and where Mr. Paton is spending his declining years in every comfort which his own prosperity justifies and surrounded by the affection and devotion of his daughter and her family. Mr. Paton has reached that time in life when interests become contracted, and though without the companionship of his wife CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 435 and deprived of the pleasures of reading through failing eyesight he still retains a vigorous optimism and endures his burdens uncomplaining. Mr. Paton is the father of three children. His daughter Elizabeth is the wife of Dr. R. Davies, secretary and treasurer of the Acme Machinery Company of Cleveland. James Loveday, the older son, is treasurer of the Columbia Savings & Loan Company. Willis, the youngest child, is connected with the Fenn-Farr Automobile Company. In 1910 Mr. and Mrs. Paton made a trip back to Scotland' and England, leaving America on the 3rd of July and returning on the 3rd of September. During their absence they visited their birthplaces and also many other points of interest in Great Britain. ALBERT N. JEAVONS for over twenty-five years has been in business under the name A. N. Jeavons, general japanning. The Jeavons family were the pioneers in establishing this branch of industry in Cleveland, and for over forty years the business has had its headquarters on Champlain Avenue. Albert succeeded his father, the late William Allen Jeavons, in the industry. He was born at Billston, Yorkshire, England, December 25, 1865. Reference to his father and other members of the family will be found on other pages of this publication. Albert was four years of age when his parents came to Cleveland in 1869. Here he grew up, attending the public schools until thirteen, and then went to work in his father's shop. At the death of his father in 1891 he succeeded to the business, and has since conducted it under his own name. His father established the pioneer japanning shops in Cleveland in 1875, at 142 Champlain Avenue. In 1877 the business was moved to 806 Champlain Avenue and has been there ever since. Originally the 'business required only 1,400 square feet of floor space, but today 12,000 square feet are hardly adequate for the activities of the plant. Three men constituted the first working force, and today there are forty employes. Mr. Jeavons has his individual experience, a number of thoroughly expert men, and all the facilities for general japanning work on castings and all classes of steel and iron products. This is one of the largest jobbing japanning houses in the United States. Mr. Jeavons has shown great executive ability in conducting the business since his fa- tiler's death and is also a man of original ideas and has brought out several useful devices and inventions. The most profitable and the most widely known is the Jeavons Spring Lubricator and Cover, which is extensively manufactured. Mr. Jeavons is affiliated with Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; is past high priest of Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; is past commander of Oriental Cornmandery, Knights Templar ; a member of Lake Erie Consistory, Scottish Rite, and is past potentate of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Chamber of Commerce, Rotary Club, Automobile Club and in politics is a republican. Mr. Jeavons married in Cleveland Julia P. Hedges, whose ancestors resided for many generations in Vermont. Mr. and Mrs. Jeavons have three daughters : Jennie, wife of Arthur T. Mason, of Cleveland ; Beatrice, who is Mrs. Ralph S. Poister of Canton, Ohio; and Lillian, who is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown School and is at home. ARCHIBALD L. OSBORNE. Quite early in his life and experience, Archibald L. Osborne found his work in the sphere of salesmanship, and he has been developing his own powers and those of others in that line ever since. For many years he traveled as representative of different china and crockery houses, has filled important executive positions, and is now vice president and sales manager of the Kinney & Levan Company, importers and distributors of china, pottery, glass, silverware and a varied line of supplies. This is one of the large and important firms in the wholesale district of Cleveland, distributing their goods all over the United States. The company have a very extensive store and warehouse at 1375-1385 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Osborne was born at Leesville, Crawford County, Ohio, March 4, 1861, a son of William and Ann Eliza (Smith) Osborne. Most of his early education was acquired in the public schools of Wooster, Ohio, but when only thirteen years of age he began earning his own living as a clerk in the china store of Samuel Geitgey. At that place January 1, 1880, at the age of nineteen, he went to Pittsburg and accepted as a real opportunity the position of stock boy with the wholesale glass and lamp house of H. McAfee, Jr. This firm was made to realize the value of his work and fidelity and gradually advanced him un- 436 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS til he was on the road as a traveling representative. When the business was sold in 1883 he transferred his services to Cavitt & Pollock in the same line, but after a year resigned and came to Cleveland. He then formed his first affiliation with Kinney & Levan Company and traveled and sold their goods in the territory of Michigan until January 1, 1890. He was then called to headquarters and made manager of the wholesale sales department, but in 1907 resigned to become a partner of the firm Osborne, Boynton & Osborne, wholesale crockery and glassware at Detroit. Mr. Osborne remained at Detroit about six years and in 1913 sold his interests there and returned to Cleveland to become vice president and wholesale sales manager of the Kinney & Levan Company. For a number of years Mr. Osborne has been one of the prominent members of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He served as president of its convention board in 1906, has served on the executive committee of the retail merchants' board, was vice president of the manufacturers' and wholesale merchants' board of the chamber in 1915, and in October, 1916, was elected president of that board. In politics he is a republican and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. At Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, July 2, 1884, Mr. Osborne married Mary Norton, daughter of James Norton, of Steubenville, Ohio. Their only son, Carl N., aged thirty-two, graduated from Adelbert College of Western Reserve University in 1906 and for several years was a member of the firm Borton & Borton, stocks and bonds, at Cleveland as head of the investment department. On February 1, 1918, he severed his connection with that firm to enter the financial department of the M. A. Hanna Company. He married in October, 1913, Mary Harper Annat, daughter of William Annat, of Wooster, Ohio. They have one son, "William Annat Osborne. HARRY LEWIS DETBEL is one of the leading younger lawyers of the Cleveland bar, is considered an authority on many phases of constitutional law, and has proved himself one of the leading spirits in the life and affairs of his city. particularly the West Side. Mr. Deibel is a native of Coshocton County, Ohio, having been born on a farm near Fresno, then called Avondale. in Adams Township. September 25, 1881. He grew up in a rural atmosphere. attended the local schools, and at the age of eighteen became a teacher. He had charge of the same school where he had learned his first lessons, Mr. Deibel then entered Denison University at Grandville, Ohio, where he was graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1911. While a student at Granville he made his home with Prof. Charles B. White, professor of Latin in the university. From Granville Mr. Deibel entered Western Reserve University Law School, where he graduated in 1914, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in June of that year. He began practice at Cleveland with offices in the Engineers' Building August 1, 1914; in 1918 he became a member of the firm of Schultz and Schultz, whose offices are also in the Engineers' Building. While in college Mr. Deibel was a leader in public speaking and debating; he was captain of the Denison debating team for two years, and represented the university in the Intercollegiate State Oratorical Contest of 1910. In the fall of 1915 Mr. Deibel was a candidate on the independent ticket for councilman from the Fourth Ward. In national affairs he is a democrat. Mr. Deibel is president of the West Side Community Council, is chairman of the legislative committee of the Chamber of Industry and vice president of the Lorain Avenue Business Association. He is attorney, secretary and treasurer of The Community Home Building Company, and is president of The West Side Community Chorus, which was organized under the auspices of the West Side and Community Council. He is secretary and general counsel of the Exposition Company, which holds the annual in dustrial exposition in Edgewater Park. He is head of the War Service League of the Eighth Ward. His researches and studies in constitutional law led to the preparation of an article which is published under the title "Preferential Voting and the Constitution of Ohio," appearing first in the Ohio Law Reporter of June 18, 1917, and the Ohio Law Bulletin of June 4, 1917. This is one of frequent contributions to legal journals. The above is an examination of the constitutionality of that feature of the Cleveland charter by which preferential voting in municipal elections is provided. Mr. Deibel's study is without doubt the most exhaustive one that has been made on the legal aspects of the preferential voting system. Among many other commendations passed upon his discussion of preferential voting is a letter written by Mayo Fesler, secretary of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 437 The Cleveland Civic League, in which Mr. Fesler says: "I was very much interested in your exceedingly well written article on the constitutionality of preferential voting. It seems to me that your article makes a very clear brief on the subject." Mr. Deibel is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, Ohio State Bar Association, Civic League; is affiliated with Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons, Hesperian Lodge No. 281, Knights of Pythias, and is a member of Alpha Delta Tau honorary college fraternity. He is a member of the First Congregational Church of Cleveland. Mr. Deibel is a son of Jacob Henry and Mary (Wentz) Deibel. Both parents are now past sixty years of age, and since 1916 have retired from their farm and reside at West Lafayette, Ohio. The mother was born in the same neighborhood as her son, while the father is a native of Bucks Township of Tuscarawas County, Ohio, near Baltic. The father has a large farm and is a man of affairs in his home township, filling all the local offices. He is an active Granger and a member of the Modern Woodmen of America and in politics a democrat. Both parents are identified with the German Evangelical Church, and the father was for many years a deacon. Both the Wentz and Deibel families have always shown strong religious convictions. These families are of German ancestry. The maternal grandfather, Louis Wentz, is now past eighty-five years of age, and his eighty-fifth birthday June 19, 1917, he spent in Cleveland with his grandson, Mr. Deibel. He spent his active career as a farmer and has had a life of very interesting experience. He is now living with his daughter, Mrs. Fred Zimmerman in Adams Township of Coshocton County. He was born in Bavaria; Germany, in June, 1832, and was ten years of age when his parents came to Ohio and settled in Holmes County and about 1845 moved to Coshocton County. At that time the Wentz homestead was in the midst of the woods excepting a clearing of a few acres where the little cottage stood. Louis Wentz cleared up 100 acres of land by his own exertions, and it has been estimated that in his younger years, before the advent of self-binders. and reapers, he cradled 2,000 acres of grain. Grandmother Wentz died at the age of fifty. They had five daughters and two sons : Caroline, wife of John Hbffman, living near Newcomerstown ; Mrs. Mary Deibel, Mrs. Harry L. Deibel's mother ; Lewis P., who died in the Lutheran Hospital! at Cleveland in February, 1912; Catherine, wife of Charles J. Maurer, living near Fresno, Ohio ; Charles, who died at the age of nineteen ; Mrs. Fred Zimmerman; and Emma, wife of John J. Ladrach, whose home is near Birmingham, Ohio. Louis Wentz came to Ohio with his father and mother, Mr. and Mrs. Ludwig Wentz. Ludwig Wentz was also a man of strong physique and mental ability, and he died on the old homestead in Adams Township in 1887 at the age of eighty-four. He was very proficient in mathematics and he compiled a manuscript for an arithmetic. Mr. Deibel's paternal grandfather, Henry, died in 1904 at the age of eighty-six. He was born in Bavaria, Germany. The paternal grandmother, Christina Deibel (Schmaltz), also a native of Germany, died when Jacob H. Deibel was a young man. The Deibel family settled in Ohio about 1840 ; Henry and Christina Deibel had ten children, all living: John, Henry, Phillip, Fred, Jacob, August, Christian, Lewis, Mary (Mrs. Burcaw), and Emma (Mrs. George Wentz). Harry L. Deibel is the oldest of five children. His brother, Elmer E., is a farmer and dairyman near West Lafayette. Charles A. lives on the old Deibel homestead and with his brother, Edward O., operates that farm. Mary Christina, a handsome and talented young lady, died in 1907 at the age of eighteen. All the children were born on a farm adjacent to the homestead in what is famously known as the "Campbell House." It is a venerable brick mansion built by early English land owners by the name of Campbell. The mansion is nearly one hundred years old. The Deibel children secured their early education in a schoolhouse located on the Deibel farm. This is known as "Woods College" since it stood in the midst of heavy timber. On July 31, 1916, Mr. Deibel married Miss Marian C. Brubaker, a very talented woman, prominent and popular as one of the leading vocalists in Cleveland. Many regard her as the superior of any singer of sacred music in the city. For the past four years she has sung in the East End Baptist Church. She is well educated in music, both instrumental and vocal, and has a beautiful contralto voice. Mrs. Deibel was born in the Town of Mount Nebo near Columbia on the Susquehanna River in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. She is a daughter of William H. and Ella F. (Young) Brubaker and is a niece of Rev. Edward C. Young, assistant pastor of the Second Presby- 438 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS terian Church of Cleveland. Mrs. Deibel has lived in Cleveland since early girlhood and was educated in the local public schools. She studied music under Caroline M. Lowe. Mr. and Mrs. Deibel reside at 4729 Franklin Avenue; they have one child, Frances Mary, born October 4, 1917. Mr. Deibel finds his chief recreation in reading and writing poetry. There has recently been published a piece of music, of which he is author of the words while his wife composed the music. LOUIS G. JUSTH is a successful Cleveland business man whose specialty is furniture manufacture, beginning with the technical processes of upholstering, a trade which he learned when a boy, and continuing through all the branches of manufacture, sale and distribution. Mr. Justh is vice president, treasurer, director and general manager of the Cleveland plant of the Kroehler Manufacturing Company, a furniture house of national if not international reputation, and widely known as makers of Kroehler Bed Davenports and a popular but high class line of couches and living room chairs. The Kroehler Bed Davenports were given the highest award at the Panama-Pacific Exposition and these convertible davenports probably represent the highest attainable ideal in a convenient, satisfactory and efficient combination of an article of parlor furniture with bedroom usefulness. The Cleveland plant is only one of seven large factories owned and operated by this company, the other plants being at Naperville and Kankakee, Illinois ; Binghampton, and Long Island City, New York; Grand Rapids, Michigan, and Stratford, Ontario. Louis G. Justh was born at Vienna, Austria, August 31, 1874, son of Phillip and Cecilia Justh. He was .reared and educated in his native city, attending the public schools there to the age of fourteen, after which he served a very thorough apprenticeship lasting four years in the upholstering trade. It was with this experience and training that he came to America to utilize his abilities in a country where opportunity was practically unlimited. For several years he lived in Chicago and was employed as an upholsterer with the high class furniture manufacturing house of S. Karpen & Brothers. He then established an upholstering business of his own in Chicago, and was there until 1910, when he sold out his interests to the Kroehler Manufacturing Cora- pany. With this organization he remained as sales manager, and in 1913, when the company bought a plant at Cleveland, he came to this city as vice president, treasurer, director and general manager of the local plant. This is now a large business of itself, 100 people are employed in the various departments, and the output in 1917 was valued at between $350,000 and $400,000, half of which was sold in Ohio. The Cleveland plant has 70,000 square feet of floor space, and the company manufactures the regular line of Kroehler goods, including davenports, chairs and rockers. The company operates under patents that cover practically every important feature by which the Kroehler furniture is distinctive in usefulness and efficiency. The business of the Kroehler Manufacturing Company is rapidly growing, and it is a company that spends over $100,000 annually in national advertising campaigns, with space representing and describing the goods in such great publicity mediums as the Curtis publications and Sunday newspapers in the largest cities of the country. Mr. Justh is a member of the East Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Automobile Club, retains membership in Crescent Lodge No. 895, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Chicago, an•in politics is independent. Religiously he is a member of Doctor Woolsey's Temple. At St. Paul on January 21, 1902, Mr. Justh married Miss Matilda Goodman. Their only daughter, Hortense Roslyn, is a student in the Cleveland public schools. GEORGE G. GRIESE. The young and progressive business element of Cleveland has an able representative in the person of George G. Griese, vice president and a director of the Euclid Builders' Supply Company. As compared with the great majority of men whose biographies appear in this work his career has just begun, yet he has already displayed the possession of qualities which have placed him in an enviable position and which in the future will doubtless carry him to eminent 'business honors. Mr. Griese was born April 30, 1894, at Cleveland, and is a son of Gottlieb G. Griese, a native of Plymouth, Wisconsin, born in 1860. In his youth Gottlieb G. Griese went to Kansas City, Missouri, where for some years he was engaged in business as an architect and builder, and on coming to Cleveland continued in the same lines in partnership with his brother, David C. Griese. This association CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 439 was a successful one, and the brothers designed and built a large number of structures here, both business and residential in character, and had other and varying interests. Gottlieb G. Griese died in 1902, after an honorable and prosperous business career. He was married at Mount Clemens, Michigan, to Caroline Wellhausen, who survives him and resides at Cleveland. George G. Griese attended the German Lutheran Evangelical School until he was eight years of age, at which time he became a pupil in the public schools. He left high school when fifteen years of age and attended Culver Military Academy for two years, then returning to Cleveland, where he went to the West Technical High School for one year. At that time Mr. Griese embarked upon his businesi career by identifying himself with the Euclid Builders' Supply Company (in which concern he had been a stockholder for some time) as foreman of the No. 2 West Side yard and warehouse. Eight months later he became city salesman, .a position which he retained for four months, then advancing to the post of superintendent of warehouses, an office which he still retains. In May, 1916, he was elected vice president of the company, and in May, 1917, became a member of the board of directors. Mr. Griese is accounted a man of sound judgment and acumen in the handling of business affairs and possesses the full confidence of his associates. He is a stockholder in the National Screw and Tack Company and in the National Acme Manufacturing Company. His business interests thus far have kept him too busily occupied for him to take more than a public-spirited citizen's interest in public affairs, and in politics he has remained independent. He belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club. Mr. Griese was married June 6, 1917, at Cleveland, to Miss Gladys Merritt. CLARENCE E. GRIESE. For a man not yet thirty years of age, Clarence E. Griese has a business record of which older men might well be proud. He grew up in Cleveland, and has been in keen competition with the resources and ability of this commercial metropolis. Mr. Griese is now president and general manager of the Euclid Builders' Supply Company, one of the largest concerns of its kind in Ohio. He was born in Cleveland December 17, 1888, a son of Gottlieb and Caroline Griese. His father was also a native of Cleveland, and spent practically a lifetime in the contracting business. He died in 1902. Clarence E. Griese had the advantages of the Cleveland public schools, graduating from high school in 1908. Thus at the age of twenty he was ready for his business career. For three years he was employed in different capacities and chiefly profiting by his experience in the Kirk-Catty Manufacturing Company. After that he was connected with the Auto Manufacturers' Agency until 1913, when he sold his interests and organized the Euclid Builders' Supply Company. At first he was treasurer of this organization, in 1914 was elected secretary and treasurer, and since 1915 has been president and general manager. The Euclid Builders' Supply Company handles a general line of builders' supplies, with main offices at 637-639 Leader-News Building. The first year the company was organized it did $300,000 worth of business. The record for 1916 was a business worth $800,000. One of the younger concerns of Cleveland, it is at the same time one of the most prosperous and progressive. The company maintains several warehouses located in different parts of the city. Mr. Griese is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Cleveland Yacht Club and is a member of the Lutheran Church. He was married in his native city January 14, 1914, to Miss Agnes M. Winton, daughter of Alexander Winton, the inventor of the Winton Automobile. They have one child, Catherine. LOUIS E. NOBLE, vice president and secretary of the Cleveland Automobile School Company, concerning which a separate article appears on other pages, is an expert automobile man, of many years practical experience, and was for a long time head tester for the White Automobile Company and has traveled as trouble man for different automobile organizations. Mr. Noble was born at Mesopotamia, Ohio, December 12, 1886, a son of Bison L. and Nellie E. (Sperry) Noble. His father, who was born at Windsor, Ohio, November 21, 1862, was educated in the old Grand Rive'r Institute at Austinburg, Ohio, was a merchant at Mesopotamia for three years, married there, and then located on a farm nearby. For a number of years now he has been engaged in the lumber and milling industry and is also a county commissioner of Trumbull County. He and his wife have three children : Leon C., 440 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of Cleveland; Louis E.; and Leonard S., at home. Louis E. Noble had a grammar and high school education in his native county, and in 1906, on leaving high school, attended Oberlin College for one year. The next year he came to Cleveland and was employed as an instructor in the automobile school of the Y. M. C. A., the nucleus of the present Cleveland Automobile School. The following year he was traveling trouble man and tester for the White Motor Company and in 1909 became one of the incorporators of the Cleveland Automobile School, of which he has since been vice president and secretary and also school principal. He is a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club, the National Society of Automobile Engineers, and is affiliated with Brenton D. Babcock Lodge No. 600, Free and Accepted Masons ; Chardon Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and Warren Council, Royal and Select Masters, at Warren. In polities he is a republican. Mr. Noble married at Cleveland May 20, 1917, Margaret L. English. ERIE C. HOPWOOD was born at North Eaton, Ohio, February 7, 1877, being a son of Henry C. and Emily (Cook) Hopwood. His father, of English descent, was born in 1840, in Lorain County, Ohio, received a common school education and engaged in the cheesemaking 'business, which he followed until the outbreak of the Civil war. At that time he enlisted in the Twelfth Ohio Cavalry, with, which organization he served as corporal until the close of the war, and then returned to Lorain County and again engaged in cheesemaking. In 1879 he removed with his family to a farm in Lenox Township, Ashtabula County, Ohio, and there he has since continued, engaged in agricultural pursuits. Mr. Hopwood is a Mason, having been for several years master of Tuscan Lodge, and a member of the chapter, commandery and council. He was married in Lorain County to Emily Cook, who was born in Franklin County, New York, daughter of a pioneer of the eastern part of Ohio, who migrated in a wagon to Trumbull County. Two children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hopwood, namely : Burton C., a graduate of the Jefferson Educational Institute and now a blacksmith at Jefferson, Ohio ; and Erie C. Erie C. Hopwood attended the public schools of Lenox Township, Ashtabula County, whence he had been taken by his parents as a child, and at the age of seventeen years en tered the Jefferson Educational Institute, which he attended for four years. Subsequently he was a student at Adelbert College, being graduated therefrom with his literary degree in 1901, and at that time became principal of the high school at Middletown, Ohio, and remained in that position one year. Mr. Hopwood was, however, drawn irresistably to newspaper work and gained his first experience therein as police reporter for the Cleveland Plain Dealer. He remained in that capacity for two years, when he was advanced to the position of assistant city editor, remaining one year, and finally was advanced to the desk of city editor. Three years later he was made night editor, and in August, 1912, became managing editor, the post he now occupies. Mr. Hopwood is a member of Heights Lodge No. 612, Free and Accepted Masons, having joined it at its inception; of the City Club, of which he was the third president ; the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Council of Sociology. He is independent in his political views. Mr. Hopwood was married at New Philadelphia, Ohio, July 20, 1903, to Ida R. Walter, and they have three children: Eleanor, who is attending high school; Marian, attending the graded schools; and Henry, who is not yet four years of age. GEORGE G. G. PECKHAM is well and favorably known in Cleveland automobile circles, having established his business here about five years ago, after his establishment was destroyed in the great flood that swept over Dayton, where he had his home for a number of years. Mr. Peckham was originally in the carriage business, and his is a case which illustrates the growing predominance of the automobile, which has largely supplanted the old horse-drawn vehicle trade. One of Mr. Peckham 's interesting distinctions is that he sold one of the first year's cars put out by the Buick Motor Company, and he has been selling Buick cars continuously ever since. He was born at Troy, Ohio, August 1, 1874, son of George W. and Lavina J. (Shilling) Peckham. He grew up on a farm, and had the advantages of district schools until the age of eighteen. That was followed by a six months' course in the Miami Commercial College at Dayton. He was fortunate in his choice of a business position, since the first work he did became a link in the growing chain of experience which has continued without a CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 441 break to the present time. He was first employed as assistant bookkeeper with the Leidigh Carriage Company at Dayton. He was with that concern six years, and variously employed as bookkeeper, cashier and assistant superintendent, and for several years also sold buggies on the road a part of each season. Resigning his place with the Leidigh Company, he organized the Peckham Carriage Company as a retail dealer and became president. He was one of the first carriage merchants to appreciate the growing popularity of the automobile, and in 1900 introduced his first ears into his showroom. This branch of the business soon overshadowed the carriages, and in 1904 the business became the Peckham Motor Car Company, with Mr. Peckham as president. In a short time he had discontinued the sale of carriages and the automobile thenceforward was his exclusive field. It was in 1904 that the Buick Automobile Company delivered their first output of automobiles. The company manufactured thirty-seven machines that year and one of them was sold by Mr. Peckham. He continued business on a growing scale of prosperity at Dayton until the flood of 1913, when his plant, his home and practically his entire property possessions were swept away. Seeking a new home and a chance to begin over again, he came to Cleveland and bought the Buick automobile branch, organizing the Ohio Buick Company, of which he has since been president. Mr. Peckham is also president of the Standard Equipment Company and a director in several other large local enterprises. He has long been prominent in Masonic circles, is past master of Dayton Lodge, No. 147, Free and Accepted Masons, past thrice illustrious master of Reese Council, No. 9, Royal and Select Masters; member of Unity Chapter, No. 16, Royal Arch Masons ; past commander of Reed Commandery, No. 6, Knights Templar, and is a member of the Valley of Dayton Scottish Rite Consistory and Antioch Temple of the Mystic Shrine. At Cleveland he belongs to the Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Athletic Club, Shaker Heights Country Club and Automobile Club. He is a republican voter , and a member of the First Baptist Church of Dayton. At Dayton, on January 5, 1898, Mr. Peckham married Miss Elizabeth Finch. Their one child, Phyllis, is now a student in the Laurel School. MERVIN C. HARVEY, a partner in the stock and bond firm of Otis & Company, with offices in the Cuyahoga Building, has had an active business career at Cleveland for over ten years, and has gained a firm foothold in the commercial and civic life of the city. He was born at Cleveland June 25, 1877. His father, Henry A. Harvey, born at Chillicothe, Ohio, in 1845, was brought to Cleveland by his parents when quite young and completed his education there in the public schools and also attended Western Reserve College when it was located at Hudson, Ohio. His education finished, he returned to Cleveland and became connected with the flour mill of the family and continued in that line until his death in 1881. At Cleveland he married Mary Williams, and they had three children : Perry W., of Cleveland ; Allyn, vice president of the Pittsburg Steamship Company of Cleveland; and Mervin C. Mervin C. Harvey was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, graduated from the University School in 1895, and is a graduate of Yale University, where he took his degree in 1899. The first two years after his return to Cleveland from university, Mr. Harvey worked as a factory hand with the Standard Welding Company. He then accepted a position with greater promise for the future as clerk with Otis & Company, stocks and bonds, and since 1906 he has been a partner in that firm and is also an officer and director in several large Cleveland corporations. Mr. Harvey is a member of the Union Club, Country Club, Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, Tavern Club, Civic League, and Columbus Club of Columbus, Ohio. He is a republican in politics. 'April 16, 1912, at Cleveland, he married Virginia Bennell. Their two children are Sarah and Henry. WILLIAM E. FUTCH While lack of early education undoubtedly is a great handicap to a young man starting out in life, it does not bar success when industry, intelligence, perseverance and ambition are present. This fact finds illustration in the career of William E. Futch, president of the Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life and Achident Insurance Association, who found himself but poorly prepared for the hard and serious struggle of life that faced him when twelve years old. He had neither financial nor influential assistance as he made his way step by step and finally reached high position through his own sturdy 442 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS efforts. Such men are more than interesting, they are worthy of emulation. William E. Futch was born in Bryan County, Georgia, March 12, 1860. His parents were William and Adelaide (Spears) Futch, old families of that section who, prior to the changes brought about by the Civil war, were affluent and influential. William Futch, father of William E., was born in 1822 in Bryan County and remained on his father's plantation until he was twenty years of age and then attended a school at Jacksonville. In 1856 he returned to his father's plantation in Bryan County and was engaged there when the war between the states was precipitated. He enlisted in 1861 in a cavalry division in the Confederate army and served with valor until the war terminated in 1865. Once more he returned to the old family estate and farmed for two years, but under entirely new conditions, which led him to remove to the Town of Brunswick and enter the mercantile business, in which he was engaged at the time of his death in 1872. It was in the public schools of Brunswick, Georgia, that William E. Futch secured his first educational training, and compared with the public schools of today the facilities were meager indeed. However, this modicum of instruction had to satisfy the ambitious lad until years afterward, when, after coming to Cleveland and weighed down with business responsibilities, he nevertheless found time by going to school at night, under the auspices of the Young Men's Christian Association, to pursue advanced branches of study and round out a course that at least was academic. Still further, he took up the study of law and finally was graduated from the Cleveland Law School. In the section where Mr. Flitch found himself as a boy of twelve years and self dependent, the only opening he saw ready was in a saw will, which was hard work for a child of his tender years, and when he found a position on the Brunswick and Western Railroad he felt better satisfied and thus drifted into railroad work, in which he continued for many years. The Brunswick and Western was later absorbed by the Plant system and now is a part of the Atlantic Coast Line. Through industry and fidelity Mr. Futch was able to advance until he became a locomotive engineer and served as such with the above company for fourteen years, severing his relations at that time because of his election as president of the Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Company, with headquar ters at Cleveland, which office he has held ever since. The Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life and Accident Insurance Association was organized December 3, 1867, and is the oldest fraternal insurance society in the United States. It was incorporated under the insurance laws of Ohio on March 3, 1894, it prior to that time having only been a voluntary organization. The company is an outgrowth of the Locomotive Brotherhood but entirely separate in officers and finances. The company has 70,000 certificate holders and has insurance in force aggregating $156,000,000, with members throughout the United States and in Canada, Panama, Cuba and South America. Their paid claims aggregate in figures $37,000,000, and the company has grown until now it is dispensing $550,000 per month. The names of officers and trustees, with place of residence follows: W. E. Futch, president, 1136 B. of L. E. Building, Cleveland, Ohio; C. E. Richards, general secretary and treasurer, same address ; Amos Beeler, vice president, 1027 Kansas Avenue, Atchison, Kansas; J. H. Welch, chairman of the board of trustees, 411 Luckie Street, Atlanta, Georgia ; Myer Hurley, 151 West Forty-second Street, New York City ; John M. Breen, 299 Woodbine Avenue, Rochester, New York ; George A. Pearson, Box 96, Richmond, Province of Quebec, Canada; J. G. Bywater, 2057 Lincoln Avenue, Salt Lake City, Utah. Mr. Futch was married in February, 1888, at Brunswick, Georgia, to Miss Minnie Cheatham Greer, and six children were born to them, five now living, namely : Ethel Adelaide, who is• a graduate of the Cleveland Law School, resides at home; Willie-Greer, who also resides at home; Rosa Lucile, who is the wife of George F. Gorham, of Cleveland; Charles Edward, who is preparing for the profession of medicine at the University of Michigan ; and Nelson Kramer, who is a student in the public school. Mr. Futch has always preserved an independent attitude in political matters, but has never shirked any public responsibility when the hand of duty pointed and it numbered with the generous and public spirited men of the city. He belongs to the Elks and to the Masonic fraternity, having taken both the Scottish and.York rites. 'With his family he attends the Methodist Episcopal Church. GEORGE B. HOAG is a prominent Cleveland contractor. He is at the head of two cora- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 443 panies which have specialized with their facilities and experience in handling some of the more difficult problems of engineering construction, such as the building of piers, breakwaters, underground tunnels and practically all phases of general drainage and sewerage lines. While now at the head of a very successful business Mr. Hoag has had his ups and downs, and the lines did not fall altogether in pleasant places during his youth and early manhood. He was born at Tideoute, Pennsylvania, April 18, 1862, son of William F. and Elizabeth A. (Smith) Hoag. During his infancy his parents removed to Erie, Pennsylvania. There he was a pupil in the public schools to the age of twelve. His father having been an old soldier the boy was next placed in the Soldiers' Orphans' School and Home at Mercer, Pennsylvania. This was an institution to provide home and school facilities for dependent children of old soldiers, and is conducted much on the line of an industrial school. While there Mr. Hoag learned the printing trade. On leaving school he worked as a printer on the old Mercer Dispatch for two years, following which he was a printer for one year with the Oil City Derrick at Oil City. He left printing temporarily to take employment with the Standard Oil Company. He helped cut the first right of way and lay the first 8-inch high-pressure line which furnished the supply of gas for Meadville, Pennsylvania, and it was said to be the largest gas main in the world. Mr. Hoag's acquaintance with the City of Cleveland began in 1892. His early years here were spent as a printer, six years in the composing rooms of the Plain Dealer and two years with The World. About that time Mayor McKisson appointed him chief adjustor of the assessing department of the waterworks. This city position he held for two years and then identified himself with a completely new field of enterprise. As an employe of J. A. Reaugh & Sons, contractors, he went to work as a timekeeper. His ambition, energy, and rapid study of all conditions covering contract work soon brought him to the position of superintendent of construction. After five years with that company Mr. Hoag established The George B. Hoag Construction Company and the Hoag & Da11 Company. He is president and treasurer of both these well known Cleveland companies. As already noted they handle general contracts for tunnels, sewers, deep foundations and other hazardous pieces of construction work. Mr. Hoag had charge of the construction of the two main piers of the new High Level Bridge in Cleveland. Other contracts handled by him and his companies, sufficing to indicate the important character of his work are as follows : The drainage system of the new City Hall, a contract involving $62,000 ; the drainage system of the new Convention Hall, now in course of construction, costing $160,000 ; the East Forty-ninth Street tunnel, a $150,000 contract ; West Forty-fifth Street tunnel, $115,000 ; the outfall tunnel at Lakewood running through Rocky River to Lake Erie, built at a cost of $123,000; the Corrigan-McKinney tunnel, $18,000; the first section of the .Dayway-Brook Culvert system, $85,000. The company is now filling a large contract for a five-mile sewerage system at Barberton, Ohio. From 200 to 300 men find employment during the greater part of the year with the companies of which Mr. Hoag is the head. He is also well known in club and social life of Cleveland, a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Chamber of Commerce, Automobile Club, Rotary Club, and Woodward Lodge of Masons. Politically he votes as a republican and is a member of the Methodist Church. At Bryan, Ohio, June 28, 1893, Mr. Hoag married Belle F. Neff. They have one child, Robert, attending University School. HON. GEORGE W. GARDNER. It has been the fortune of some men to have so impressed their personalities and activities upon the communities in which their labors have found a receptive field that their influence and prestige continue to be an asset long after the authors of these qualities have been removed by death from the scene of their life's labors. The supreme efforts of the most capable individuals are called forth for the achievement of real success in the face of the strenuous competition of the marts of commerce and trade of the twentieth century. To combine with these efforts a salutary influence in the cause of good citizenship demands qualifications which all too few individuals possess. As the world views its achievements, success of a real kind comes to but few. The attainment of material things and the possession of the monetary prestige which they may giye can place a man upon a certain pedestal ; but the mere gaining of means does not indicate success as it should be written indelibly on the pages of a city's 444 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS history. This may come only through constant fidelity to trust, immaculate probity of life. and a conscientious and sincere performance of the duties and responsibilities which man is called upon to perform and discharge. The late Hon. George W. Gardner. of Cleveland, combined in his business qualifications and standards of life in rare degree the characteristics which form success in its truest and best sense. He attained a name and position in .the business world which few men of his time and locality were able to acquire. With honor and without animosity he fought his way through the supreme contests of commercial strife in which only the fittest survive. It was his reward to have his name placed beyond and above criticism ; honorable and straight-forward business conduct assured him that. But better, there will ever be connected with his name the remembrance of a record for sterling citizenship and high-minded performance of public service. Hon. George W. Gardner, son of James Gardner, came of sound and sterling stock on both sides of the family, and through his mother was a direct descendant of the founder of Yale University. He was born at Pittsfield, Massachusetts, February 7, 1834, and was three years of age when brought by his parents to Cleveland. Until he was fourteen years of age he attended the public schools, and for five years following sailed the Great Lakes, returning to Cleveland to begin his business career in the private banking house of Wick, Otis & Brownell. He continued with this concern until 1857, when he became junior partner in the firm of Otis, Brownell & Company, dealers in grain and owners and operators of a large elevator on the river. Two years later, in 1859, he severed his connection with this firm, and, with M. B. Clark and J. D. Rockefeller, formed the firm of Clark, Gardner & Company, which continued in existence until 1861. In that year, with Peter Thatcher, George H. Burt and A. C. McNairy, Mr.. Gardner built the Union Elevator, a larger one than all the others combined. Later partners in the enterprise were Stephen V. Harkness, who became prominent later as a large stockholder in the Standard Oil Company ; and, again, M. B. Clark, the firm becoming Gardner & Clark. In 1878 this concern purchased the National Flour Mills and added the manufacture of fine flour to its elevator business. Mr. Gardner was one of the incorporators and for over thirty years a member of the Cleveland Board of Trade, out of which grew the present Chamber of Commerce, and was at one time president of that association. He was always largely interested in manufacturing enterprises, having been president of the Buckeye Stove Company, the Buttman Furnace Company and the Walker Manufacturing Company, and was also for several years a director of the Merchants National Bank. His business operations, directed by his able and ripe judgment, netted him a handsome fortune and proved the truth of his claim that a man could be thoroughly honorable in his dealings and yet accumulate considerable property, provided he be willing to exert himself and act according to the dictates of his conscience. A leader of men, Mr. Gardner understood human nature and knew how to sway those about him, and, fortunately for the community, his influence always tended toward moral uplift and the betterment of existing conditions. He was appointed by Governor Foster as one of the trustees of the Ohio Reform School at Lancaster, and served five years, the last three as president of the board. It was at his suggestion and through his influence that the name of the institution was changed to that of Boys' Industrial School, to remove the stigma attached to the old style of nomenclature. The brutal system of punishment in vogue at the time he began his official duties was changed, also through his influence, to a more sensible and just one, which, while being milder, made for better discipline and was far-reaching in its results in 'bringing about reform. In addition, he made numerous other changes, all beneficial. For eight years Mr. Gardner was a member of the Cleveland City Council, being president thereof the last three years, and as a member and chairman of the finance committee introduced. an ordinance, which was passed, changing the method of disposing of city bonds, which previously had been accepted by contractors in payment for work at par, but disposed of to others at from 85 to 95 'cents, so that contractors, in making bids on specifications for city work, did so on a basis of receiving about 85 cents on the dollar in payment. The bonds were actually worth par and a premium, so that tax-payers lost the difference. The results of the ordinance framed and introduced by Mr. Gardner have been the saving of many thousands of dollars for the people of Cleveland. In 1885 Mr. Gardner was elected mayor of Cleveland and again in 1889, and in both administrations CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 445 established a splendid record for capable and conscientious public service and unselfish, disinterested citizenship. Mr. Gardner 's death, in December, 1912, lost to his city a man who had ever been foremost in protecting its interests, one whose name had become a synonym for honor and integrity in business circles, a man who had generously supported worthy movements, educational, moral and charitable. In 1857 occurred the marriage of George W. Gardner and Rosaline Oviatt, daughter of Gen. Orson Oviatt, of Cleveland. They became the parents of seven children. BURT M. GARDNER, son of George W. Gardner, was born at Cleveland, Ohio, January 16, 1867. He attended public schools until reaching the age of seventeen years, at which time he began work as a shipping clerk in his father's grain elevator, being thus engaged for six years. He then secured the appointment as office manager for the Claflen Paving Company, with which firm he continued for one year, and then became identified with Burrows Brothers as manager of the retail department of their stationery and book store. One year later he went to Chicago, where he became secretary and associate editor of the Iron Trade Review, remaining in that capacity for ten years, following which he opened an office at Chicago and engaged in the iron and steel brokerage business for five years. Returning to Cleveland, Mr. Gardner became the western representative of the American Brass Company, of Waterbury, Connecticut, but after three years resigned to embark in the brass and copper business as a jobber on his own account, incorporating his firm as the B. M. Gardner Company, of which he is president and treasurer. This concern deals in brass and copper, doing from $3,000,000 to $4,000,000 worth of business annually all over the United States. Mr. Gardner is also secretary and general sales manager for the Cleveland Brass and Copper Mills, Incorporated, a $1.500.000 corporation. He is a member of the Union Club, the Mayfield Country Club and the Cleveland Yacht Club of Cleveland, and the National Democratic Club of New York. He maintains an independent stand in regard to political affairs, and attends the Episcopal Church. Mr. Gardner was married at St. Paul, Minnesota, September 12, 1895, to Miss Marian Hall, and they have one son, John H., now eighteen years of age, who is attending the Case School of Applied Science. RUDOLPH C. NORBERG came to Cleveland in the fall of 1902. He was then twenty-one years of age and had only recently come to this country from Sweden, fresh from his studies and technical training in some of the best schools of his native land. He was born at Stockholm March 18, 1881, son of Carl and Elin Norberg, and after his public school course had entered and pursued the full course of the Royal Technical College at Stockholm, where he graduated as an electrical engineer in 1902. Technical knowledge and training was never better bestowed than in the case of Mr. Nor-berg. lie has a naturally keen mind and an ability that has carried him far in technical and industrial circles at Cleveland. His early experiences here were, however, in the humbler lines of work. For nine weeks he worked in the storeroom of the Erner Electric Company and then for a time was a draftsman with the Browning Engineering Company. His real opportunity opened for him in the fall of 1903, when he was taken into the Willard Storage Battery Company, first as a draftsman. He worked through all the different departments in various positions, and was finally made general sales manager and director. While this is his position, it is the testimony of Mr. Willard, head of the company, that much of the success of the institution is properly credited to Mr. Norberg, whose ingenuity, study and tremendous energy have meant more to the growing business perhaps. than the service supplied by any other individual. Mr. Norberg is a man of high standing in technical circles, member of the Society of Automotive Engineers, Society of Railway Electrical Engineers, a member of the Detroit Athletic Club, Willowick Country Club of Cleveland, and is an independent in politics. June 24, 1911, at Cleveland, he married Ida Roberts. They have two children : Charles Robert and James Franklin. JOHN P. WHITE, secretary-treasurer of the American Commercial Company of Cleveland and officially identified with numerous other business organizations, at one time walked the streets of Cleveland looking for a job. His has been a career of success attained by his energy and ambition. When he was five years of age, in 1871, his parents, James and Susan (Chambers) White, emigrated from Somersetshire, England, where their son John was born November 7, 1866, to America and located at Berea, Ohio. 446 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS There John P. White attended his first schools, and at the age of twelve began working as an apprentice in the flour mills of his uncle, Thomas Chambers, in Lorain County, Ohio. He learned the milling trade in all its aspects, and during spare time attended school for about five years. In further preparation for a larger career he took the course of the Oberlin Business College, from which he graduated in the spring of 1884, being the youngest member of the class. After that he worked as bookkeeper for the Berea Stone Company a year, and it was at this juncture that he arrived at Cleveland and spent several weeks in looking for some position. His first employment was with the Fulton Market Company. A year later he went with W. P. Southworth Company, wholesale and retail grocers, as cashier, and at the end of twelve months was advanced to bookkeeper and from that to assistant secretary and treasurer. While his title was only assistant he really had the authority of secretary and treasurer of the company and was one of the most trusted and capable officials in that well known Cleveland organization. Mr. White resigned from the Southworth Company in 1909 and with Frank M. Gregg organized the American Commercial Company, of which he is secretary, treasurer and director. The company has developed rapidly within eight years and now does a business valued at several million dollars a year. The scope of business done by the American Commercial Company is the financing of the automobile dealer through the manufacturer throughout the United States and Canada. Mr. White is also a director of the Arthur H. Clarke Company, publishers of Cleveland ; director of the Cleveland Worm and Gear Company, and director of the Cleveland Macaroni Company. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Ad Club, is a steward in the Epworth Methodist Church and in politics is a republican. At Cleveland September 10, 1890, he married Mae Reed, daughter of Capt. Seymour S. Reed, who made a gallant record as member of the Seventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry during the Civil war. Mr. and Mrs. White have three children : Betty Mae, at home, is a graduate of Smith College ; Gladys is the wife of Howard K. Nichols, of Lorain, Ohio, and the mother of twin daughters, Lois and Betty ; Marian Reed is attending the Beech-wood School for Girls near Philadelphia. CHARLES AUBREY EATON, D. D., has a host of friends and admirers in Cleveland, gained during his long and successful ministry here as a pastor of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church.. Since 1909 Doctor Eaton has been pastor of the Madison Avenue Church of New York City, though the field of his activities and influence is now hardly confined to any one city or district. In recognition of his exceptional power and influence and earnestness he was recently appointed chairman of the national service section of the United States Shipping Board of the Emergency Fleet Corporation, in which capacity it is his duty to visit every ship building plant in the country and endeavor to arouse a spirit of patriotism, thrift and industry among the workmen. Doctor Eaton was born in Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, March 29, 1868, a son of Stephen and Mary Desiah (Parker) Eaton. He is a descendant of John Eaton, who emigrated from England and settled at Salisbury, Massachusetts, in 1640. Doctor Eaton acquired his early education in the high schools of Truro and Amherst, Nova Scotia, was graduated from Acadia College of Nova Scotia with the degree B. A. in 1890 and received the honorary degree Master of Arts from the same institution in 1893. In the latter year he finished his theological course at the Newton Theological Institution of Massachusetts. In 1896 the degree Master of Arts was conferred upon him by McMaster University at Toronto, Ontario, and he received the degree Doctor of Divinity from Baylor University of Texas in 1899 and from Acadia University in 1907. He received the degree LL. B. from McMaster University in 1916. Doctor Eaton began his career as a preacher in 1886, when he was only eighteen years old. He was ordained a Baptist minister in 1893, and for two years was pastor of the First Baptist Church of Natick, Massachusetts, was pastor of Bloor Street Baptist Church of Toronto 1895 to 1901, and from that church came to Euclid Avenue Church in Cleveland in 1901. This is often called the John D. Rockefeller Church, since it is the only ehurch in which Mr. Rockefeller has ever had membership. Doctor Eaton left Cleveland in 1909 to accept his present charge as pastor of the Madison Avenue Church of New York. Through all these years he has sustained many other responsibilities. He was sociological editor of the Toronto Globe from 1896 to 1901, was associate editor of the Westminster of Toronto in 1899 - 1901, and was CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 447 special Canadian correspondent of the New York Tribune and Boston Transcript from 1897 to 1901. He is a member of the board of directors of the Baptist Educational Society of New York, was a member of the executive board of governors of McMaster University at Toronto from 1897 to 1901, and was formerly a trustee of Denison University at Granville, Ohio. He has served as president of the Southern New York Baptist Association, of the New York Alumni Association of Acadia University, is a member of the Ohio Society of New York, has been president 'of the Canadian Society of New York, is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, is a republican and belongs to the Union League Club of New York. Doctor Eaton is also widely known as an author, having published "Troubled Hearts" in 1899, "The 014 Evangel and the New Evangelism," 1901. Doctor Eaton has traveled widely both in America and Europe, and several seasons he filled prominent pulpits in London. He has been heard all over America on the lecture platform, and is one of the foremost personalities in that field today. Doctor Eaton is a thinker, a scholar, a man of broad human sympathies. In matters of religious faith he is a conservative, while in matter of method he is radical. June 26, 1895, Doctor Eaton married Miss Mary Winifred Perlin, daughter of Capt. William D. Perlin, of Natick, Massachusetts. They are the parents of six children. CYRUS STEPHEN EATON. The field and department of business in which Cyrus S. Eaton has especially distinguished himself and marked the passing years by special achieve- ments is as an organizer and operator of pub- lic utilities, particularly electric light and power companies. Mr. Eaton has been a resi- dent of Cleveland for the past thirteen years, and that has been practically the period of his active work since leaving college. Mr. Eaton was born in Nova Scotia December 27, 1883. His parents, Joseph Howe and Mary (McPherson) Eaton, are now living retired at Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Cyrus S. Eaton was liberally educated, attending preparatory school, Woodstock College at Woodstock, Ontario, and McMaster University of Toronto, from which he was graduated with the degree B. A. in 1905. In 1911, at Cleveland, Mr. Eaton took a prominent part in establishing the Continental Gas and Electric Corporation, of which he is Vol. II-29 now president. Mr. Eaton is a director of and has been actively connected with the development of the Washington, Baltimore & Annapolis Electric Railway Company, which stands as the most successful example of electric railway operation in the world. He is director in many other public utility companies, and altogether has a position as officer or director in more than a score of gas, electric lighting, street railway and water companies in the United States and Canada. Mr. Eaton is a member of the well known investment banking house of Otis & Company at Cleveland. He is a director of the Lake Shore Banking & Trust Company, and director and member of the executive committee of the National Acme Company of Cleveland. Mr. Eaton is a trustee of the Cleveland Y. M. C. A., a trustee of Denison University, member of the board of managers of the American Baptist Foreign Mission Society, is a trustee of the East End Baptist Church of Cleveland, is member of the Ohio Society of New York and the Canadian Society of New York, belongs to the Union Club, University Club, Mayfield Country Club, Roadside Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Colonial Club, City Club, Civic League, and Chamber of Commerce, all of Cleveland. Politically Mr. Eaton exercises his franchise as an independent republican. He married Miss Margaret P. House, daughter of Dr. A. F. and Mary (Cleve) House, both of whom are now living retired at Los Angeles, California. Her father was a prominent surgeon of Cleveland for many years. Mrs. Eaton was born and educated in Cleveland, a graduate of the Hathaway Brown School of this city, and she and Mr. Eaton were married December 29, 1907. She has given much of her time in the last year or so to the Cleveland Red Cross. Mr. and Mrs. Eaton have five children, all born in Cleveland, named Margaret G., Mary A., Elizabeth A., Anna Bishop and Cyrus Stephen Eaton, Jr. THEODORE ARTER was one of the men who grew old in the service of the Standard Oil Company. He was for thirty-five years one of the company's timber experts, and for twenty-nine years was located at Hinton, West Virginia, supervising the manufacture of staves for barrels used by that company. He did stave contracting until he retired from business at the advanced age of seventy-five. 448 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS He died at Yonkers, New York, which city had been his home for about five months before his death, January 31, 1910, aged seventy-seven. He was laid to rest in Lake View Cemetery at Cleveland. Theodore Arter was born at Hanover, Columbiana County, Ohio, June 30, 1833, representing a pioneer family in the State of Ohio, from Maryland. His parents were David and Charlotte (Laffer) Arter. David Arter was born in Frederick County, Maryland, and came to Ohio when a year old and about the time Ohio was admitted to the Union. The family reached the state when nine-tenths of its area was a total wilderness, and when Indians were almost as numerous as whites. David Arter was a merchant and after his marriage settled in Hanover, Columbiana County. His brother, Michael Arter, had served as the first mayor of Hanover in 1815. Charlotte Laffer Arter was born at Sandyville, Ohio. The Laffers came from Greensburg, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and were also pioneers in the settlement of Ohio. Theodore Arter grew up and received his education in the public schools of Hanover and was engaged in merchandising there until 1867. At that date he identified himself with the oil industry, at first as a refiner, and from about 1870 until 1908, when he retired, was a timberman and stave contractor with the Standard Oil Company. Theodore Arter was an officer in the Union army, being adjutant of the One Hundred and Forty-third Regiment Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He was with Grant's army around Richmond and in many other battles and campaigns. He was active in the Grand Army of the Republic and was also a member of the various Masonic bodies, including the Knights Templar Commandery and the Mystic Shrine in West Virginia. He was a republican and grew up under the influence of the Methodist Episcopal Church. January 20, 1857, Theodore Arter married Miss Susan Pritchard, daughter of Judge Resin Pritchard of Sandyville, Ohio. Mrs. Susan Arter is still living in Cleveland. She is the mother of seven children : James Pritchard, who married Lillias H. Hastings, of Green Bay. Wisconsin ; Charlotte L., Minnie C. and Sherman, all unmarried ; Theo- dore J., who married Gertrude Phelps; John Yates, who married Laura Comstock; and Bessie, who married Charles J. Donahue. SHERMAN ARTER has been one of the well known and prominent names in the Cleveland bar for thirty years. He has sought success in the arduous field of general practice, without dependence upon political affiliations or partnership associations, and his business indicates that his abilities fully justified his course. Mr. Arter is a son of the late Theodore Arter, concerning whom a separate article is published in these pages. His mother, Susan (Pritchard) Arter, is still living in Cleveland. Sherman Arter was born at Hanover, in Columbiana County, Ohio, February 5, 1863, and was reared and educated in Cleveland. He attended Adelbert College of the Western Reserve University, taking his A. B. degree in 1886 and his Master of Arts degree in 1889. Mr. Arter was admitted to the bar in 1888 and has been continuously in practice at Cleveland since that date and always alone. His offices are in the Williamson Building. Mr. Arter has given much attention to old-time families and pioneer associations of this locality, and is secretary of the Early Settlers' Association of Cuyahoga County. His interest in this field has made his services highly valuable as one of the advisory and contributing editors of the present publication, under the editorial management of Elroy MeKendree Avery. Mr. Arter was for three years a member of the Cleveland Grays and is a member of thq Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Civic League, the Delta Tau Delta fraternity, and is a member of the Western Reserve Society of the Sons of the American Revolution. He has served as president of the Men's League for Woman Suffrage, is a republican voter and a member of the Epworth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church. DONALD D. HERR. Ideas backed with indefatigable energy—the desire and power to accomplish big things—these qualities make of success not an accident but a logical result. The man of initiative is he who combines with a capacity for hard work an indefatigable will. Such a man knows no such thing as defeat and his final success is on a parity with his well directed efforts. Since 1906 Donald D. Herr has been engaged in the engineering business in Cleveland, and he is now one of its prominent citizens. Donald D. Herr was born at Bennington, Kansas, March 6, 1880, while his parents were crossing the continent. He is a son of Edivin CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 449 and Anneta M. (Young) Herr. Mr. Herr attended the public schools of Washington, D. C., and was graduated in high school in the capital city in 1896. He was then matriculated as a student in West Point, where he pursued the study of military tactics for one year, at the termination of which he entered Pennsylvania State College, in which institution he was graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1902. He then came to Cleveland and here entered the employ of the American Steel & Wire Company, remaining with that concern for a period of three years, at the end of which he accepted a position as superintendent of construction of the Clairton plant of the Carnegie Steel Company at Clairton, Pennsylvania. One year later, in 1906, he returned to Cleveland and entered into a partnership alliance with Arthur G. McKee to engage in general engineering work. January 1, 1915, this business was incorporated as Arthur G. McKee & Company, and Mr. Herr was elected vice president, in which capacity he is still serving. This concern controls an extensive business in Cleveland and is well known for the reliable character of the work contracted for. Mr. Herr is a man of sterling character and is recognized in the business world for his honorable, straightforward methods. He is a member of the Union Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Mayfield Country Club, the Cleveland English Society, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. In politics he is a stanch supporter of republican principles, and he was reared in the faith of the Presbyterian Church. He is not married. STEPHEN L. PIERCE. While Cleveland is not generally recognized as among the great centers of shoe manufacturing in the country, it is the home of several large and important industries in that line, and chief among them is the Ferris Shoe Company, whose plant at Cleveland was originally established by Stephen L. Pierce and who is still manager of the S. L. Pierce & Co. branch and one of the executive officers of the Ferris Company. This Cleveland industry was established in 1884 under the name of S. L. Pierce & Company, the other partner being W. W. Chamberlain. The company invested a very modest amount of capital in facilities for the manufacture of shoes, and occupied one floor of a building on Frankfort Avenue near West Sixth Street: There was vitality in the busi ness and it grew and prospered until 1896 the company erected a five-story and basement building 50 by 200 feet on West Sixth Street between St. Clair and Lakeside avenues. In March, 1915, the Cleveland business became a part of the larger Ferris Shoe Company, which maintained factories at Camden, New Jersey, Philadelphia and Cleveland. Albert Theis is president of the company; Stephen L. Pierce is vice president, treasurer and general manager of the Cleveland business; W. W. Chamberlain is second vice president; and Hon. F. W. Treadway is secretary. The headquarters of the company are in Cleveland. Through the different plants the company has an output of 5,000 pairs of shoes a day. They specialize in footwear for children and girls. At Cleveland 250 people are epployed in the various branches of the industry, and every working day means an output of 1,500 pairs of shoes. On December 1, 1917, the Cleveland business was moved to a new plant at West Forty-seventh Street and Ravine Avenue. Stephen L. Pierce has been a resident of Cleveland the greater part of his active life. He was born at Birmingham, Erie County, Ohio, November 4, 1854, son of Bennett and Nancy (Clarey) Pierce. His early youth was spent at Oberlin, where he attended the pub-lie schools and also Oberlin College until 1871. In that year at the age of seventeen he came to Cleveland and went to work as clerk with Childs, Groff & Company, wholesale shoe jobbers. It was in their store and offices that he acquired the fundamental knowledge and experience which enabled him thirteen years later to embark in business for himself as a shoe manufacturer. With the passing years his interests and responsibilities have become greatly enlarged. He is a director of the First National Bank of Cleveland, director in the Guardian Savings & Trust Company, director of the Engle Aircraft Company, is vice president of the Stone Shoe Company, and is well known in social and civic circles. He is a director of the Fresh Air Camp. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Chamber of Industry; Cleveland Advertising Club, the Union and Clifton clubs, and the Westwood Country Club. His church is the Congregational and politically he casts his vote as a republican. At Cleveland May 10, 1882, he married Kittie Josephine Hawkins, who died October 2, 1916. Her father, Henry C. Hawkins, was for