450 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS many years secretary of the Early Settlers' Association of Cuyahoga County. JOSEPH N. ACKERMAN. Based on mental alertness, sterling integrity, decision of character and willing industry, professional ability in the law attaches to many of the younger as well as older members of the Cleveland bar. Some of these younger practitioners have made a specialty of certain branches of the law, finding a wide field to cover. When life was less complex laws were fewer and naturally their exponents and interpreters were not so needed, but in modern days, in the great mass of business, social and even domestic transactions, few can be completed satisfactorily without the aid of a specially trained lawyer. One of this younger generation at Cleveland is Joseph N. Ackerman, whose achievements since his admission to the bar, presage a future of real distinction. Joseph N. Ackerman was born in Austria-Hungary, August 8, 1889. He is a son of David and the late Sarah Ackerman, both of whom were born in Austria-Hungary. They settled in the City of New York when they came to the United States and there the mother died in 1909, two years after her son, Joseph N. had joined his parents. The father still resides in New York and is a manufacturer of ladies' wear. Joseph N. Ackerman has been a resident of the United States since 1907, in that year landing in the harbor of New York. He was in school in his native land when his parents emigrated and it was thought advisable for him to complete his school course there. He immediately entered school in New York City, attending the night sessions and working as a bank employe during the day time, in this way thoroughly learning the English language, and supplementing his high school and college course in Austria-Hungary. Mr. Ackerman became the manager of a foreign bank in New York but he had an ambition to enter the law and diligently applied himself to study in that direction. In 1915 he was most creditably graduated from the Baldwin-Wallace Law College with his degree of LL. B., and in the same year was admitted to the Ohio bar, having established his residence at Cleveland in 1912, subsequently to the United States and Federal courts, and his practice covers some special features as well as general jurisprudence. Mr. Ackerman has become one of the livestock magnates of this section, being the owner of a stock and dairy farm at Royalton, twelve miles from Cleveland. His estate there contains 225 acres and he makes a specialty of thorough-bred Holstein cattle. He has valuable real estate holdings also at Cleveland and has interests in other lines. For some years Mr. Ackerman has been quite active in the political field, having early identified himself with the republican party. In 1916 he was a candidate for the state senate with sixty-four others and was second highest but was defeated with the ticket although his personal following was very flattering. He is very generally popular, making a good impression on first acquaintance and usually following it with hearty friendship. His membership is sought and valued in such clubs and fraternities as the following: City Club, Western Reserve Club, Cleveland Museum of Art, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, Woodmen of the World and the Knights of Pythias, and he belongs also to organizations of a purely social character. He maintains his offices in the Engineers' Building, Cleveland. STANLEY J. OLSTYN. The industry with which the Olstyn family has been chiefly identified in Cleveland has been vehicle manufacturing, particularly heavy load trucks and wagons of different types and for different purposes and in later years the business has been more and more turned to the service of the motor truck body manufacture. One of the most prominent citizens of Polish birth and ancestry in Cleveland is Telesfor Olstyn. He was born in Posen, Germany, January 6, 1869. He was educated in the old country, learned the blacksmith's trade there and at the age of eighteen came to America in order to escape the system of militarism. In Cleveland he worked as a blacksmith in various large wagon shops until 1891, when he began making carriages and wagons in his own shop under the name T. Olstyn. In 1908 the business was incorporated as the Olstyn Carriage Company, of which he continued as president and manager until the plant was sold to the Truck Engineering Company on August 11, 1917. Since that date Telesfor Olstyn has concerned himself chiefly with other business interests. While active in the manufacture of vehicles he specialized in making ice, brewery and milk wagons. He is now president of the Wanda Furniture Company, a director of the Polish-American Realty Trust Company, director of the Warsaw Building and Loan Association, and director of the El- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 451 ler-Olstyn Motor Sales Company. In 1917 he served as chairman of the draft board in District No. 10. While he has always been prominent among the Polish population of Cleveland, he is a whole-hearted American, and he meets every test of loyalty and patriotism. He is a member of the Order of Elks, a republican and a member of the Automobile Club. At Cleveland in July, 1888, he married Agnes Blazejczyk. Their four children are : Stanley J.; Thaddeus C., aged twenty-six, a ship fitter on the United States warship, Montana; Emely, who finished her education in the Cleveland School of Music and is now Mrs. George De Woyno of Cleveland; and Edward, who is a student in the public schools. Stanley J. Olstyn, who has succeeded to and continued the development of many business interests started by his father, was born at Cleveland May 3, 1889. In 1907 he graduated from the Central High School and during the next year was a student in the Western Reserve University. His father's ill health compelled him to abandon his college career and when his father incorporated the Olstyn Carriage Company the son became secretary and treasurer. When this business was sold in August, 1917, to the Truck Engineering Company, the younger Olstyn became vice president and general manager of the new corporation and is also one of its directors. W. C. Spalding is president, A. V. Cannon is secretary and C. B. Johnson is treasurer. The company, employing forty workmen, specializes in the manufacture of truck bodies and also continues the line of output of the Olstyn Company, wagons designed and constructed for special use in such industries as ice, milk and brewery distribution. Stanley Olstyn is a director of the Wanda. Furniture Company, president of the EllerOlstyn Motor Sales Company, president of the Clayton Furniture Company, a member of the advisory board and manager of the foreign department of the Cleveland Mortgage Company, a stockholder in the National Mortgage Company, and owns some valuable real estate interests in Cleveland. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Chamber of Commerce, Knights of Pythias and Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In politics he is independent. On June 29, 1909, Mr. Olstyn married at Cleveland Clara Sawicki. They have one child, Felicia, who was born in 1912. C. A. FORSTER. The modern world is coming to recognize that a man's service, usefulness and value are to be estimated in proportion as the service he renders or represents is indispensable to his fellow men. To the increasing number of people who in Northern Ohio are owners of Packard motor cars and trucks, there is a whole-hearted appreciation of the service rendered by Mr. C. A. Forster in his capacity as president and directing head of the Packard-Cleveland Motor Company, which is responsible for Packard service in Northern Ohio, and especially in the main plants, warerooms and service stations at Cleveland, Akron and Canton. Nowhere in the country is there anything more complete as to equipment and personnel than the headquarters of Packard service at Cleveland, comprising a magnificent building, with three acres of floor space, with sales and display rooms, with complete service and repair plant, equipment and mechanical skill for the prompt overhauling and repairing of cars and their return to owners with the least possible delay. Automobile owners who could not possibly claim for themselves the facilities furnished by the Packard-Cleveland Motor Company would be inclined to regard as an expression of their long felt ideal of service the explanation made by Mr. Forster to his employes of the meaning of Packard policy. This explanation cannot be condensed into a few words and included here, but one paragraph may be taken as typical of the ideal and the spirit of the whole : "It is not sufficient that the public buy our goods because of the goods themselves; it is much more important that they should buy our product because of the absolute confidence they have in us to care properly for their requirements after they have purchased. This result can be realized, only by extending to our customers a fair, square and efficient deal at all times. It means a properly classified stock on hand continually ; it means careful attention to the filling of orders for parts, realizing that the spelling of a name, the tabulation of an address is of importance, as well as the accurate filling of the order. But most of all do I want to call your attention to the fact that we must make it a part of our business to save money for our customers. We are not running our service department as a source of profit." Only a broad-gauge business man could express himself in that way, and those who as assistants or associates know the president of 452 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the Packard-Cleveland Motor Company have no hesitation in endorsing such a characterization of him. Mr. Forster was born in Kansas. He was educated chiefly in the public schools of Terre Haute, Indiana, graduating from high school there, and after that spent eight years as an employe of the Pennsylvania Railway Company, located both at Terre Haute and at St. Louis. As a business builder and sales promoter there is peculiarly eloquent testimony of his ability in the fact that during his service with the National Cash Register Company of Dayton he was sent all over this country and also abroad, spending about one year of the nine years with the company in England and other European countries. He had charge of special work for the organization in Chicago, and demonstrated again and again business initiative and forcefulness of the highest type. Then for eight years he was with the Burroughs Adding Machine Company of Detroit as general sales manager and assistant general manager with headquarters in Detroit. He supervised and organized sales forces in this country, in England, Continental Europe and Mexico, and again proved himself a master of practically everything connected with the technique of salesmanship and business promotion. In June, 1914, Mr. Forster came to Cleveland and took over the business of the Packard-Cleveland Motor Company, of which he is president today. The Cleveland headquarters of the company were first located on Nineteenth Street off Euclid Avenue, but on February 19, 1916, came into their present home fronting on Prospect Avenue and running through to Carnegie Avenue near Fifty-fifth Street. The company were the pioneers in extending the automobile industry in that direction in Cleveland. The general structure is two stories in height, divided into two wings, while at the rear is a service station of three stories, known as the annex, hich was completed in 1917. This is undoubtedly one of the finest automobile showrooms in the State of Ohio, affording 125,000 square feet of floor space. Mr. Forster is a director of the National Automobile Dealers' Association, is a director in several Cleveland companies, and business and social connections are represented by his membership in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Union Club, Hermit Club, Mayfield Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Roadside Club, and the Cleveland Automobile Club. He is also a Mason, his affiliations being with Hyde Park Lodge No. 1425, Free and Accepted Masons, at London, England. WILLIAM F. FINLEY. Public confidence is the foundation of successful banking in all its branches. When intelligent individuals have funds to deposit in a bank, they are very apt to ask a few questions before making choice of an institution, and not only inquire concerning the capital, liabilities and surplus, but want assurance that the officers of the bank are men of experience, of stable standing and of recognized integrity. Among the sound and reliable banking institutions of Cleveland, none can give more favorable information in answer to all such demands than the Garfield Savings Bank, of which William F. Finley, one of the city's representative business men, is vice president. William F. Finley is a native of Ohio and was born at Millersburg, in Hclmes County, October 16, 1879, belonging to one of the old pioneer families of that county. His parents are Calvin E. and Laura A. Finley, and his grandfather was David Finley, who was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and remained there as a farmer until 1820, when he came to Holmes County, Ohio He settled among the other pioneers and developed land which remained his home until his death, which occurred in 1860. He was a well known man in that section in his day and left numerous descendants. Calvin E. Finley was born in Holmes County, Ohio, July 25, 1857, and after his schooldays were over engaged in farming until he retired from active life, in 1912, since when he has resided in the City of Cleveland, where all his children live: Earl, who is connected with the • firm of Barton and Barton, stock brokers ; Robert, who carries on a real estate business ; and William F., who is treasurer of the Garfield Savings Bank. William F. Finley remained with his parents on the home farm, first attending the country schools and later the high school at Millersburg, from which he was creditably graduated in 1896. For two years following he taught school at Millersburg and then entered Mount Union College, from which institution he was graduated in 1902. It was then that Mr. Finley came to Cleveland and became a bookkeeper in the Garfield Savings Bank in one year becoming teller. In 1906 he was made cashier of the Lake View branch of the bank, continuing as such until 1913, when CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 453 he was elected assistant treasurer of the main bank in Cleveland, and in January, 1916, became treasurer, and January 1, 1918, was elected vice president. For fifteen years Mr. Finley has been honorably identified with this institution and his name in connection with its soundness is familiar to every one and is considerable of an asset. Mr. Finley was married November 27, 1907, at Fredericksburg, in Wayne County Ohio; to Miss Grace Morgan, and they have three children, Helen. William and Elizabeth, aged respectively eight, six and three years. Mr. Finley and family attend the Windermere Methodist Episcopal Church. Politically he is a republican. Mr. Finley belongs to the Masonic fraternity and to his old Greek letter college society, the Alpha Tau Omega, and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the City Club. VIGGO V. TORBENSEN is founder of and president of The Torbensen Axle Company, a Cleveland industry to which some reference concerning its history and its plant and output is made on other pages. The head of this institution is one of the most highly trained and widely experienced mechanical and production engineers in America. He was born at Copenhagen, Denmark, September 28, 1858, a son of H. V. and Maren Torbensen. Until he was fourteen he was a student in the Danish public schools. He then entered the Naval Technical School, pursuing the engineering course and graduating at the age of twenty-one. As a machinist's apprentice he worked for two years at Aarhus and Nakskov, Denmark, and' made such progress there that his efficiency was recognized and he was made one of the beneficiaries of a fund set aside by the Government of Denmark to afford boys specially proficient in various lines to secure a complete technical education. This enabled him to go to Derby, England, where he spent a year working as a machinist with the Midland Railway. It was with this training and experience that Mr. Torbensen came to America, first locating at Philadelphia, where he was a ma- chinist with William Sellers & Company, manufacturers of machine tools, for one year. His next employment was at Edgemore, Delaware, where for two years he was in charge of the night force of the Edgemore Iron Works. Returning to Philadelphia he was machinist and electrician a year and a half with the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, and was then put in charge of the electric underground railway system of Philadelphia. That position kept him busy for two and a half years. From that he organized the firm of Clay & Torbensen, manufacturers of steam yachts and launches. They had a plant at Camden, New Jersey, for three years, and then moved it to Gloucester, New Jersey. At the end of five years Mr. Torbensen sold his interest in that business, and though already rated as one of the leading mechanical engineers he went abroad to get the benefit of further training and study of the great industrial plants of Germany. For eight months he did experimental work with automobiles and motor cycles at Frankfort, Germany, was engaged in similar studies and labors at Leipsic a year, and spent two months at Mannheim. On returning to Brooklyn Mr. Torbensen was put in charge of the DeDion-Bouton Motorette Company, and during the year he spent with that business he designed and made and put in operation the first internal gear drive used in this country, a mechanism upon which the present great Torbensen Axle Company bases its output. From New York he went to Newark, New Jersey, and established the Torbensen Gear Company, of which he was president. This company manufactured automobile and special gears. At the end of five years he retired from the business and established The Torbensen Motor Car Company, manufacturers of trucks and truck axles. He was at the head of this company as president for seven years. Then in 1912 he organized The Torbensen Gear & Axle Company, and in 1915 the business was moved to Cleveland and in 1916 was reincorporated under Ohio laws as The Torbensen Axle Company. Mr. Torbensen has been president of the corporation since it was established in 1912. Mr. Torbensen is a member of the Society of Automobile Engineers and a republican voter. At Philadelphia he married Evelyn L. Smith. They have three children : Clara U. is Mrs. Charles J. Long, of Bloomfield, New Jersey ; Margaret H., at home; and Allen P., who is a graduate of a technical school at Bloomfield, New Jersey, and is now serving in the Quartermaster's Department with the American army in France. THE TORBENSEN AXLE COMPANY became a Cleveland industry in 1915, and in 1916 it was reincorporated under the laws of Ohio, at 454 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS which time the name was changed from the Torbensen Gear & Axle Company to the Torbensen Axle Company. It is probably the greatest single permanent industry brought into Cleveland within recent years. The business was established in 1912 at Newark, New Jersey, from which city the plant was removed to Cleveland in June, 1915. It was incorporated in Ohio in September, 1916, and besides the change of name the capital was increased from $120,000 to $1,750,000. Five years ago the company had only thirty-five men on the payroll, while today the immense work requires the services of from 500 to 600 men. The growth of the business can perhaps best be illustrated by reference to the record of sales of the axles. In 1912 only thirty-one were sold, and the amount in successive years has been as follows: In 1913, 244 ; 1914, 175; 1915, 1,888; 1916, 11,055 ; and 1917, 30,000 axles. At the present time The Torbensen Axle Company is equipping one out of every three trucks manufactured in the United States. The company stands today as the largest in the world manufacturing rear motor truck axles. The Cleveland plant, occupied since June, 1917, covers four acres and furnishes 125,000 square feet of floor space. Even this is insufficient and about a thousand axles a month are being manufactured in outside plants. During the past year the company and its products have become known everywhere because of the broad and comprehensive scheme of national advertising. The company has also effected a close alliance with the Republic Motor Truck Company of Alma, Michigan, the largest manufacturers of trucks in the United States. While Cleveland takes appropriate pride in the presence here of an industry doing an annual business of six million dollars or more, there is further ground for pride in the character and equipment of the plant, which measures up to many of the most perfect ideals set for industrial conditions. Apparently nothing has been overlooked in providing facilities for the welfare of employes. The company maintains a restaurant, hospital, doctors and nurses and orchestra. There are baseball and basketball teams, and an Employes Benefit Association. On December 24, 1917, the company presented each employe with a five hundred dollar life insurance policy, and the plan of insurance provides for an increase in the protection corresponding to the length of time the employe remains with the company. The maximum amount of the policy afforded is fifteen hundred dollars. The officers and directors of the company. are: V. V. Torbensen, president; W. J. Baxter, vice president; A. H. Ide, secretary ; J. O. Eaton, treasurer and general manager; and S. H. Tolles, director. The company manufactures as its primary output the Torbensen internal gear axle. This is a type of axle and gear which has been developed as a result of many years of experience and painstaking study by Mr. V. V. Torbensen. Without attempting a technical description, may be noted some of the essential features of the Torbensen axle and gear. One is that the rear axle proper is a solid beam whose primary and essential function is to carry the load and nothing else. No part of the weight sustained by the rear axle is shifted to any part of the driving mechanism. At the same time the driving mechanism is attached to the axle in such a way as to secure practically perfect, permanent alignment, without impairing any of the strength or interfering with any of the primary functions of the axle as a load carrier. The Torbensen drive itself has been developed as a solution of the many defects found in the use of the familiar chain drives, bevel gears and worm drives as applied to heavy truck operation. The Torbensen drive has all the advantages of the chain drive in that the power is applied close to the rim of the wheel, but with the manifest advantage that it is applied on the inner circumference rather than the outer, by means of a shaft instead of a chain, allowing the entire mechanism to be completely shut in, affording protection from dirt, from the wear and tear familiarly associated with chain driving apparatus, and altogether making for strength, simplicity, quietness of operation and efficiency. Some of the interesting points concerning the development of the Torbensen internal gear drive are found in a pamphlet recently issued by The Torbensen Axle Company. "Internal Gear Drive is neither new nor comparatively new. Fifteen years have passed since it was introduced into this country. In the earlier period of its development there was not the need for it which has come into existence coincidentally with the development of commercial vehicles, and its experimental days were over five or more years before power driven commercial vehicles had attained any true recognition. "In 1901 V. V. Torbensen, at that time fac- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 455 tory manager of the American plant of the DeDion-Bouton Motorette Company, designed, made and put in operation the 'first internal gear drive used in this country. After leaving that concern he continued to build Internal Gear Drive axles and in a comparatively short time their various advantages had become recognized and the foundation for their adoption had been securely laid. "But Mr. Torbensen labored under the disadvantages which beset all pioneers. He was ahead of his time. Motor cars were used only as pleasure vehicles and the purchasers of the early models of automobiles were neither engineers nor were they possessed of discrimination. Mr. Torbensen's venture was not without effect. The first of the commercial vehicles to be used in this country were the DeDion busses of the Fifth Avenue stage line in New York City. A large number of Internal Gear Driven axles were imported from Europe for use in these vehicles and so successful have they proved in this racking service of continual starts and stops and heavy loads that they are still in use—one of the strongest endorsements of the claims made for the Internal Gear Drive. "For fifteen years and up to the present time the Internal Gear Drive has continued to fulfill all demands made upon it, and with its developments and refinements during this period it has won the approval of engineers who have been concerned in solving the difficult problem of the ideal drive for commercial vehicles." HENRY LEONARD MACH is one of the successful Cleveland lawyers who have their offices in the American Trust Building. Mr. Mach has been steadily building up a legal business and reputation as a skilled and resourceful lawyer since he finished his work in the Harvard Law School ten years ago. Mr. Mach has many other interests that distinguish him as a broad gauge, liberal, patriotic American citizen. He was born at Cleveland, December 27, 1879, son of Frank J. and Mary, T. (Kohout) Mach. His parents came from Bohemia to Cleveland in 1865, and were married. in this city. They are still living and the father is a retired farmer with residence in South Newburg, Bedford Township, Cuyahoga County. He is a republican in politics and has had a life long interest in music, and when more active played in the old Cleveland Grays band. Both parents are members of the Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland. They had four children, two sons and two daughters. Mary and Adolph died in infancy. Henry L. has a younger sister, Sylvia Emily Peterka of Cleveland. Mr. Mach was educated in the Warren. Grammar School at Cleveland and was a member of the first graduating class from the South High School in 1898. He took his college literary training in Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, graduating A. B. in 1902, and then entered Harvard Law School, where he spent the years 1902-03. Illness interrupted a further continuation of his studies for three years when he returned to Harvard and graduated LL. B. in 1908. On returning from university Mr. Mach spent a year in the law office of the late B. C. Starr, an old Harvard man at Cleveland. After that he was in practice for himself with offices in the American Trust Building, and was associated with Judge David Moylan under the name Mach & Moylan until Mr. Moylan was elected one of the judges of the Municipal Court of Cleveland, where he is still doing duty. Since that time Mr. Mach has practiced alone and has enjoyed a large general clientage. For four years, 1914-18 he was solicitor for East View Village. He is a director of the Cleveland Home Investment Company and the Postal Supply Company. Mr. Mach takes an active part in ward politics as a republican, is affiliated with Palacky Lodge No. 317, Knights of Pythias ; Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons, and Cleveland Chapter. Royal Arch Masons. He is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, Civic League, has been on the official board of the Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church since 1903. May 29, 1911, Mr. Mach married Miss Blanche May Ward of Cleveland. She was born at Fishleigh, Essex County, England. She was educated in her native country and also in Cleveland. She was seventeen years old when her mother, Mary N. (Rider) Ward, died in England, and she came to Cleveland with her father, the late Thomas V. Ward, who was accidentally killed on one of the Lake Shore Railway crossings at West Park. Mrs. Mach is an active church worker in the Broadway Methodist Episcopal Church and is a member of the Monday Reading Club. They have three daughters, all born in Cleveland, Gertrude Elinor, Frances Marian and Helen Louise. The city home of the family is at 5423 Mumford Avenue. They have their sum- 456 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS mer home at Linwood Park, Vermillion, Ohio, where they own a cottage on the lake known as "The Charmian Cottage," where the family live and enjoy outdoor life during the summer. All the members of the family are expert swimmers, the children having learned that art almost as much a matter of course as they learned walking. Mr. Mach so far as his profession permits is a practical farmer, and takes a great deal of interest in his father's place in Bedford Township. WILLIAM JOSEPH CLARK, head of the William Joseph Clark Company, investment securities at Cleveland, is distinctly a man of action, and has crowded his still youthful years with experience, work and varied business responsibilities. He was born at Kennedy, New York, September 18, 1879, and comes of old and solid New England ancestry on both sides. He is the fifth William Joseph Clark in as many generations of the family in America. Two miles from his birthplace at Kennedy is the Town of Clark which was named in honor of his grandfather, William Joseph Clark, a prominent lumberman. The parents of Mr. Clark are Egbert R. and Christina (Lent) Clark, both natives of New York State. Both are now living retired at Jamestown. Egbert Clark was engaged in the lumber industry in his younger days, and is also connected with the Erie Railway and in business up to 1908, when he retired. At one time he was superintendent of right of way for the A. A. & T. Company, controlling the Bell Telephone System. William Joseph Clark of Cleveland is the only child of his parents. He was educated in the public schools at Jamestown, and in the spring of 1898, while in high school and not yet eighteen years old, he was the second boy from his community to enlist in the service of the Spanish-American war. He got his father's consent, but his mother refused to sign the necessary papers required for a youth of that age, and at the end of thirty days he was dismissed with the equivalent of an honorable discharge. He enlisted in the Sixty-fifth Regiment of New York National Guard. An interesting opportunity for experience came to him in a clerical appointment to serve with the United States-Alaska Commission during 1901-02. He went to England with the commission and with London as his headquarters he extended his travels in all directions over Europe. While there he completed a course at the University of London, where he specialized in automobile engineering. Returning to the United States, Mr. Clark located at New York City in 1905 and took up the automobile engineering profession and also the stock and bond business, and was busily engaged in New York, Boston, Philadelphia, Washington and Pittsburg. In May, 1912, he removed to Cleveland, and has since continued and extended his business interests, the handling of stocks, bonds and investment securities, and general promotion work. His offices are in the Hippodrome Building. Mr. Clark is president and treasurer of the William Joseph Clark Company and is an officer in several other business organizations in Cleveland and elsewhere. He is unmarried and resides at 2098 East One Hundredth Street. WILLIAM H. HUNT, president of the Cleveland Life Insurance Company, one of the notably successful insurance companies of the Middle West, is a striking example of a self-made successful American. He has been for many years prominent in business, civic and social affairs, and one of Cleveland's most representative citizens. William H. Hunt was born at Warren, Ohio, January 20, 1868, a son of William B. Hunt, of English ancestry, and of Rebecca Myers Hunt, of Dutch ancestry. Mr. Hunt attended the public schools of Warren and Akron, Ohio, entering The First National Bank of Akron when twelve years of age, remaining there eleven years. In 1889, at the age of twenty-one, he was made secretary of the old Akron Gas Company. In 1890, he became general manager and secretary of The American Alumina Company, a corporation with a capital of $500,000, and shortly thereafter, assumed in connection therewith the position of Secretary and treasurer of The Akron Vitrified Press Brick Company. While a resident of Akron he was interested in many enterprises, and successful in all of his undertakings. Notwithstanding Mr. Hunt's natural inclination for the banking business, he assumed the general management of the brick company in 1893, as his chief occupation. His company shortly became a part of The Hydraulic Press Brick Company, which subsequently developed into a $10,000,000 corporation, the largest concern of its kind in the world, and of which he became a vice president and manager, which position he held until June 1, 1909, when he resigned to accept CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 457 the presidency of The Cleveland Life Insurance Company. The Cleveland Life Insurance Company was organized in 1907. Its board of directors is composed of some of the most successful business men of Northern Ohio. Great strides have been made and the company has under its present administration taken its place as one of the' notably successful life insurance companies of the country. Mr. Hunt is one of Cleveland's most philanthropic citizens, giving freely of both time and money towards work of this character. He is a trustee of Hiram House, and takes great interest in settlement and social work. With his intimate associate, Mr. F. F. Prentiss, he was one of the principal organizers of Saint Luke's Hospital, one of the most up-to-date and complete hospitals of the United States, of which he is treasurer and one of the trustees. Mr. Hunt is also a trustee of the Workingman's Collateral Loan Society, an institution which has been a great help to the poor people of the city. He is a life member of the Associated Charities. His practical philanthropy has been spread in all directions, and always where it will do the most good. He was for four years president of The Cleveland Builders Exchange,. an institution which is stamped with his genius for organizing ability. He has been always foremost in developing and advancing civic art, and his refining influence has assisted largely in beautifying his home city. He was one of the organizers of the Civic Federation and served as it vice president. He was one of the original group of men active in a national movement seeking to rehabilitate American merchant ships upon the high seas, he having been formerly one of the trustees of the American Merchant Marine League. His name is known to clay workers throughout the country, haying served as president of the Na- tional Brick Manufacturers' Association, and as president of The Ohio Face Brick Manufacturers' Association. Mr. Hunt has been an active member of the board of directors of the Chamber of Commerce, and is a member of the leading clubs of the city, which include the Union, Rowfant, Athletic, Mayfield, Country and Tippecanoe. Mr. Hunt is known by all his acquaintances as a prodigious worker, yet carrying his many interests with characteristic equanimity. His natural optimism is always in evidence, his cheerful and hopeful disposition is appreciated by associates in the various organizations with which he is identified. Few men active in busi ness have traveled as extensively as Mr. Hunt. All parts of the world have been visited in his travels and his collection of curios is extensive. He has one of the largest private collections of photographs in the country, comprising over 10,000 pictures of art and architectural subjects from Oriental and European countries. He has also made a novel collection of clay products, some of his specimens dating back thousands of years. At Akron, Ohio, October 12, 1912, Mr. Hunt married May Fairchild Sanford, daughter of the late Hon. Henry C. Sanford. Mrs. Hunt is a highly educated and accomplished woman, studied art in schools of New York City and Cleveland, and many of her sketches have received high praise from discriminating critics. FRED P. BRAND, president and owner of the Fred P. Brand Motor Company, operating the exclusive agency at Cleveland and over twenty-seven counties of Northern Ohio for the Pierce-Arrow motor cars and trucks, is one of the oldest automobile salesmen and designers in America. As the automobile was perfected and introduced into the commercial markets of the world less than twenty years ago, this statement has obviously no reference to Mr. Brand's individual age in years, for he is in fact a comparatively young man just now in the prime of his business career. He has sold and superintended the manufacture of some of the most noted cars of their time, and since coming to Cleveland less than three years ago has developed a business that is a recognized institution in the automobile districts of the city. Mr. Brand was born at Utica, New York, September 22, 1874, a son of James H. and Cornelia M. (Perkins) Brand, both now deceased. His father died at Utica and his mother at Buffalo, both being buried at Utica. James H. Brand was a merchant tailor and spent practically all his life in the business at Utica. He was born at Edmiston, New York, and his wife at Utica, where they married. James H. Brand outside of business and family gave most of his attention to Masonry, and held a number of state offices in the order. Fred P. Brand, one of three children, and the only one of the family in Ohio, was educated in the public schools of Utica, and began earning his own way when fifteen years old. Like many of the older automobile men he entered the motor industry through the avenue of its predecessor, the bicycle. When every community in the country had a branch of the 458 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS American Wheelman's Association, Mr. Brand became widely known as an expert rider in the big races, won many medals in endurance runs, and had tested out every resource of the bicycle before the automobile became king of the highway. There is only one other man in the country who shares with him the premier honors in motor salesmanship. Twenty years ago he identified himself with the Locomobile Company of America, when that corporation was building steam carriages. For 7 1/2 years he was on the sales force of the Locomobile Company, located at the factory at Bridgeport, Connecticut, resigning to accept the sales management of the Autocar Company of Ardmore, Pennsylvania. Latter he was sales manager for three years at Springfield, Ohio, of the Kelly-Springfield Motor Truck Company, and for two years was president and general manager of the Imperial Motor Car Company of Williamsport, Pennsylvania. Mr. Brand designed and built the Imperial car. He was sales manager for three years of the Parish Manufacturing Company of Reading, Pennsylvania. This company were the pioneer builders of alloy steel automobile frames. Mr. Brand built and designed for them the experimental cars and trucks and was sales manager for the frame department. On September 22, 1915, his birthday, Mr. Brand arrived in Cleveland and organized the Fred P. Brand Motor Company, located at 1821 East Thirteenth Street. This business is now owned solely by Mr, Brand, and in the fall of 1917 the company moved to the elaborate new home at the corner of Carnegie Avenue and East Forty-sixth Street. Mr. Brand bought the ground and built there one of the finest display and office rooms and garages in the State of Ohio, and he also owns adjoining land including a row of apartment buildings, on East Forty-sixth Street as well as vacant property on Cedar Avenue where ultimately the truck department and service station will be located. The new home of the Pierce-Arrow car in Cleveland was built at a cost of $200,000, is a two-story building in the classic Italian Renaissance style, finished in white glazed terra cotta and offers a superb arrangement both for offices and service plant. In addition to his work as a salesman, Mr. Brand is well known in motor circles by his former service on the automobile racing board and served as assistant starter and clerk of the course for practically all of the larger automobile races in the country, including the Vanderbilt Cup races and Briar Cliff Grand Prize races. He was active in automobile racing until he came to Cleveland in 1915. Mr. Brand is a member of the Cleveland Auto Show Company, the Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, West Side Chamber of Industry, Willowick Country Club and is a Mason with affiliations with Faxton Lodge No. 697, Free and Accepted Masons, at Utica; Syracuse Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Lu Lu Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Philadelphia. At Philadelphia, June 29, 1916, Mr. Brand married Martha N. Casiez, who was born in New York City and was reared and educated there. She is of an old French family of New York City. Both Mr. and Mrs. Brand are very fond of golf and are members of the Sea View Golf Club at Absecon, New Jersey, just outside of Atlantic City. They usually spend several weeks there every summer. Their Cleveland home is at 1157 East Boulevard. BELDEN SEYMOUR the elder was one of the business men of consequence and a citizen of high social standing in Cleveland until his death thirty years ago. He was a resident of the city forty-five years, and his name is associated with many important enterprises of the time. He was a descendant of the Connecticut family of the name. This family was first known in Norfolk, England, in 1639. His unusual Christian name was given to all the oldest sons of the family from the time of the marriage of Ruth Belden, also of Connecticut, to Lieut. William Seymour, who was the first Seymour to marry in America. Belden Seymour was born June 14, 1826, at the home of his grandfather known as "Comfort Hill" in Vergennes, Vermont. His grandfather also bore the name Belden. His own parents were Harry Belden and Mary Lazell (Ward) Seymour of Framingham, Massachusetts. At the age of fourteen Belden Seymour was sent by his uncle, Hon. Edward Seymour, to live with an older uncle, Charles St. John Seymour, a merchant in New York City. There he was given a good business training, and in 1844 came west on a trip to buy furs. He stopped at Ohio City to visit his mother's brother, Horatio N. Ward, whose farm was where The Peoples Savings Bank now stands, a part of which tract later became Belden CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 459 Seymour's home. To that home he brought his mother and brothers and two little sisters in 1846, and there his own children were born. Mr. Seymour early established himself in the real estate business at Cleveland and in 1857 added a fire insurance department. Both these businesses he conducted until his .death on January 17, 1889, since which time his son, Belden Seymour, has continued to keep the name and integrity of the service before the public. The late Mr. Seymour had a big generous outlook on life and became an active and public spirited citizen, identified with all matters of civic progress. His business experience made him an acknowledged authority on real estate values. He was one of the leading promoters of the Superior Street Viaduct, and was sometimes called the "father of the viaduct." He was one of the organizers and first directors of The Peoples Savings and Loan Association. This is now the Peoples Savings Bank Company, and its president is his only son, Belden Seymour. He was also one of the organizers and first directors of the Citizens Savings and Loan Association, now the Citizens Savings and Trust Company, and of the Peoples Gas Company. He became a member of St. John's Episcopal Church, for which his kinsman had given the land, and followed his father-in-law as vestryman and warden. He was always a consistent republican supporting his party and its measures invariably. Though repeatedly urged he always declined public office. In the Independent Order of Odd Fellows he was prominent and held all the state offices and some of the national ones. He was a member of the Cleveland Light Artillery and of the Union Club. October 27, 1853, he married Eleanor Ingraham Herrick. Her father,- Stephen Nelson Herrick, as a young civil engineer had come to Cleveland from Albany, New York, with Harbeck, Stone & Witt, the builders of the C. C. C. & I. Railroad. The senior member of this firm was a cousin of Mr. Herrick. The latter's wife was Mary Ann Brooks of East Haddam, Connecticut. As she was a niece of Richard Lord, Mr. and Mrs. Herrick on coming to Cleveland went to live with the Lords in the beautiful old colonial house Mr. Lord had built on Detroit Street at the same time his partner, Judge Barber, built on Pearl Street. It was all these relationships that identified Mr. Seymour with the lands granted to Barber and Lord by the Connecticut Land Company. The children of the late Mr. Seymour are: Eleanor, wife of Andrew Squire of Cleveland ; and Belden, who married Susan, the only daughter of John William and Ellen (Bolton) Fawcett, who came to Cleveland in 1866 from Liverpool, England. Mr. Seymour had no grandchildren. FRANK RIELEY. By a number of points of connection was the late Frank Rieley a figure and factor of prominence in Cleveland's civic and business life. He had held and administered with credit several city offices, and was for twenty years a prominent paving contractor, and the business which he thus founded is now continued by his sons under the name Rieley Brothers, one of the leading firms of the kind in Cleveland. He was sixty-seven years of age when he died. He was born December 12, 1842, at the old Rieley home on Huron Road S. E., near East Ninth Street. He died at the home of his son Charles F. Rieley on August 1, 1909. His parents, Hugh and Margaret (Owen) Rieley, came from Ireland and settled in Cleveland during the decade of the '30s. Hugh Rieley was head maltster of the J. B. Smith malt house at Cleveland, a very important institution in that day, shipping malt all over the West, even to Milwaukee. Frank Rieley grew up in Cleveland and was educated in the schools of the south side. When a boy of eighteen he ran away from home, being unable to secure his parents' consent, and enlisted in the Third Ohio Volunteer Cavalry. He joined the regiment at Sandusky, Ohio, and saw four years of continuous and arduous service. He was promoted to the rank of first sergeant. After the war he engaged in business and civic affairs. He was street commissioner of Cleveland two terms, was a councilman from the old Twelfth Ward, and served as deputy director of public works under the late Mayor William G. Rose. However, his principal business was as a paving contractor, and for twenty years or more he was manager of The Northern Ohio Paving & Construction Company. In this business he was succeeded by his sons, Charles F. and Oliver R. Politically Frank Rieley was a republican. On Christmas Day of 1869 he married Miss Mary Pritchard, of Geneva, Ohio. She died at Cleveland in March, 1899. She was active in St. Paul's Episcopal Church. 460 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS CHARLES F. RIELEY is senior member of Rieley Brothers, paving contractors, with offices in The Arcade. This is one of the largest firms making a specialty of municipal paving in Northern Ohio. It is a business which Charles F. Rieley and his brother, Oliver R., learned and acquired through early associations with their father, and they practically succeeded the late Frank Rieley in the contracting business. Charles F. Rieley was born at Cleveland, February 8, 1872, and was well educated, attending the public schools, including the old Central High School, and in 1895 graduated Bachelor of Science from the Case School of Applied Science. In the meantime his younger brother, Oliver, had gone to New Brunswick, New Jersey, where he went to work in the foundry business. Charles F. Rieley also worked in the Walworth Run Foundry at Cleveland for about three years, and then joined his brother at New Brunswick, New Jersey. These foundries both at Cleveland and in New Jersey were owned and operated by their uncle, the late T. A. Rieley, a brother of Frank Rieley. T. A. Rieley, who died at New Brunswick, New Jersey, in 1897, was for many years a resident of Cleveland, and had his home in that city until a short time before his death, when he removed to New Brunswick. After about three years with the New Brunswick foundry, Charles F. Rieley and his brother returned to Cleveland and went to work for the concern with which their father was connected, The Northern Ohio Paving Company. The brothers continued with this firm until after the death of their father, and then engaged in paving contracting for themselves under the name Rieley Brothers. As municipal paving contractors Rieley Brothers has laid up to 1918 more than sixty miles of paving in Cuyahoga County and Cleveland City. Mr. Charles F. Rieley is treasurer of the Pavers' Exchange and is treasurer of The Buckeye Insurance Agency. He is a member of the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Cleveland Automobile Club and the Cleveland Athletic Club. For seven years he was first sergeant of Troop A of the Ohio National Guard. His religious home is St. Paul's Episcopal Church at Cleveland. Mr. Rieley married for his first wife Miss Nettie Bell Corrigan, daughter of the late James Corrigan of Cleveland. Mrs. Rieley and their child, Mary, then about a year and a half old, were both drowned in Lake Erie in July, 1900, when the Corrigan private yacht capsized about ten miles out of port. January 22, 1908, Mr. Rieley married for his present wife Miss Gertrude Scott, daughter of the late Dr. X. C. Scott of Cleveland, elsewhere mentioned in this publication. Mrs. Rieley was born and educated in Cleveland and is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown School for Girls in the city. Mr. and Mrs. Rieley have two children, both born at Cleveland, named Elizabeth Cole and Charles Sheldon. XENOPHON C. SCOTT, M. D. Many of the qualities and achievements which underlie real fame in the profession of medicine and surgery were part of the record of the late Doctor Scott, who was a resident of Cleveland nearly half a century and died at the home of his daughter, Mrs. C. F. Rieley in that city September 10, 1909. He was widely known as a surgeon, and was probably one of the foremost oculists in the entire country. At one time he served as president of the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, and for twenty years was a member of the American Medical Association, and for nine years a member of its judicial council, the body to which are referred all ethical questions that arise in the medical profession. He was an honored member also of the Ohio State Medical Society and the various other medical organizations and was on the visiting staff of nearly all the Cleveland hospitals. In 1887 he represented Ohio at the International Congress of Physicians and Surgeons in Washington. Doctor Scott was born at Haysville, Ohio, December 4, 1841. He grew up as an Ohio boy and was in his freshman year at Vermillion College in his native town when the Civil war broke out. In the spring of 1861 he enlisted in the three months' service and at the close of his term of enlistment resumed his studies in Jefferson College, but only for one session. He then re-enlisted, and at the second enlistment was in the quartermaster's department. During the arduous campaigning before Pittsburg his health failed and he was obliged to resign. So far as possible he kept up his studies while in the army, and had a good foundation on which to begin his preparation for a medical career. He studied medicine with Dr. John Weaver, and on coming to Cleveland began study and practice with his uncle, Dr. D. H. Scott. He also attended lectures at CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 461 the Medical School in Cleveland and finished his studies with the leading honors of his class in 1867. About that time he accepted an appointment in the Brooklyn City Hospital, but was soon appointed to a larger hospital in New York City. While there he began specializing on surgery and diseases of the eye, throat and ear. He availed himself of special courses in these branches at the New York College of Physicians and Surgeons, and then in 1869 went abroad and sought the superlative advantages of the schools and the eminent personalities of Heidelberg, where among his teachers were the renowned Professors Helmholtz, Otto, Becker and Moss. When the Franco-Prussian war broke out Doctor Scott was put in sole charge of a military hospital, and was the only foreign surgeon thus honored by the German authorities. At the close of the war and during 1871 he continued special study in acoustics at Berlin. On his return to New York City he acted as resident surgeon in a private hospital, but within a year returned to Cleveland, where he accepted a chair as lecturer on diseases of the eye, throat and ear at the Cleveland Medical College. For ten years his class rooms were crowded in that institution, and for six years he was also in the medical department of Wooster University. He finally gave up all responsibilities in connection with the educational side of his profession and resumed private practice, which he continued with uninterrupted success and achievement until September, 1905, when he was stricken with paralysis, and spent his last years as an invalid. Widely known for his individual skill in surgery, he was constantly sought out by other physicians and surgeons in all parts of America for advice and consultation. In 1878 Doctor Scott married Miss Edith Leslie Cole of Elyria, Ohio- She died in 1889 and three years later he married May F. Allen of Cleveland, who is now the wife of Harry Coulby of Cleveland. Doctor Scott had three children, two by his first marriage and one by his second wife. The older two are Mrs. Charles F. Rieley of Cleveland and Xenophen C., Jr., who is connected with the sporting department of the Cleveland Plain Dealer. The third child is K. A. Scott of Cleveland. OLIVER R. RIELEY is junior partner in the firm Rieley Brothers, municipal paving contractors, a firm that has executed a large amount of work in this section of Northern Ohio and has the prestige that goes with long years of successful work in a complete organization and all the facilities necessary for prompt and efficient handling of every class of contract. Mr. Rieley was born in Cleveland September 3, 1873, son of Frank and Mary (Pritchard) Rieley. Further particulars concerning the family history will be found on other pages. Oliver attended the Cleveland public schools, including the old Central High School, and was also a student in Western Reserve University, where he graduated A. B. with the class of 1895. On leaving college he went to work for his uncle, the late T. A. Rieley, proprietor and operator of the Walworth Run Foundry at Cleveland. Later he went to New Brunswick, New Jersey, where he was connected with another foundry owned by his uncle. After the death of his uncle in New Brunswick he returned to Cleveland, and became connected with his father's firm, The Northern Ohio Paving Company. Both he and his brother Charles were in that business and with that firm for eight years, and there laid the foundation of their experience as paving contractors. In 1910 they retired and established a business of their own under the name Rieley Brothers, with offices in The Arcade. Since then they have handled almost exclusively municipal paving contracts, and have executed over sixty miles of high class paving in Cleveland and Cuyahoga County. Oliver R. Rieley is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Hermit Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, University Club and St. Paul's Episcopal Church. On November 1, 1899, he married Miss Marie Voorhees, of New Brunswick, New Jersey. She died at Cleveland, August 28, 1913, leaving one daughter, Charlotte B- Rieley, now a student in the Hathaway-Brown School for Girls at Cleveland. On January 29, 1915, Mr. Rieley married Miss Elsie Preston of Attica, New York. CHARLES D. GIBSON, general manager of the Cleveland Machinery and Supply Company, is an expert mechanical engineer with long and thorough experience in manufacture of machinery tools. He has been a resident of Cleveland since 1914. Mr. Gibson was born at Marshall, Michigan, July 24, 1871, a son of William H. and Harriet A. Gibson, During his childhood his parents removed to Kalamazoo, where Charles D. Attended the public schools, graduating from high school in 1890. His inclinations had already taken a decided 462 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS bent toward mechanical industry, and on leaving high school he went east to Hartford, Connecticut, and entered upon an apprenticeship with Pratt and Whitney, manufacturers of machine tools. From an apprenticeship he went through the various grades of responsibility and service until he was superintendent of the automatic machinery department. At the conclusion of nine years he resigned from that firm and became manager of the plant of the Hamilton Machine Tool Company of Hamilton, Ohio. He remained there seven years and his next location was in Chicago, where he was sales engineer with the NilesBemint and Pond Company, manufacturers of machinery tools. This connection he retained until January, 1914, when he came to Cleveland as manager of the machine tool department of the Cleveland Tool and Supply Company. In February, 1915, Mr. Gibson was instrumental in organizing the Cleveland Machinery and Supply Company, his associates being S. W. Sparks, John O'Brien and W. E. Mc-Naughton. The business is a flourishing one and has proved an important addition to Cleveland's industrial district. Mr. Gibson is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Cleveland Athletic Club, Hamilton Club of Hamilton, Ohio, and in politics is a republican. He and his family are members of the Methodist Church. In Chicago in June, 1897, he married Miss Daisy M. Husk. Their two sons, Harold D., aged eighteen, and Frederick H., aged fifteen, are both attending the Cleveland High School. THE AMERICAN CIVIC REFORM UNION, whose national headquarters are in the Caxton Building at Cleveland, is an organization whose work appeals to the interests of every person alive to the necessity of moral reform and the elimination of those evils from social life which chiefly contribute to the degeneracy of society. Though the scope of the work is nation wide there need be no apology for including a brief account of the origin and history of the Union in this publication. At a civic congress held in the First Methodist Church in Canton, Ohio, in November, 1910, in response to a call issued by the Canton Ministerial Association, a committee of three was appointed to draft resolutions for the purpose of giving the congress organic shape. These resolutions, after recognizing the mediate necessity of reform in many directions, recommended the organization Of the American Civic Reform Union, to be national as well as state wide in its activities. The three principles recommended for guidance were : I. To initiate and further such reforms as are not cared for by other organizations. II. To co-operate with all other organizations for the furtherance of reforms now cared for by them. III. To act as a clearing house for reforms in general. The resolutions concluded as follows: "We recommend the creation of a representative commission to perfect these plans and purposes, said commission to consist of nine men and two women. We recommend that Rev. A. S. Gregg of Cleveland, Rev. W. F. Wyckoff of Alliance, and Mr. J. H. Miller of Newark be constituted a committee for the selection of the cominissioners and submit the same to the Civic Congress for approval. This commission, as constituted by the committee and approved by the congress, was as follows : Rev. J. Edward Kirbye, Medina, Rev. C. L. Smith, D. D., Canton, F. R. Root, Medina, J. N. Gamble, Cincinnati, James A. Rice, Canton, Rev. W. W. Bustard, D. D., Cleveland, J. H. Miller, Newark, Rev. F. N. McMillin, D. D., Dayton, Hon. Hiram B. Swartz, Wooster, Miss Frances E. Ensign, Madison, and Mrs. Sarah K. Meredith, Canton. This commission met at the Hollenden Hotel in Cleveland, December 31, 1910, prepared papers for a charter and drafted a constitution and by-laws The charter was issued by Hon. Charles H. Graves, secretary of state, January 31, 1911. At a meeting in Columbus February 1, 1911, the officers chosen were : President, Rev. J. Edward Kirbye of Medina; vice president, Miss Frances H. Ensign of Madison; secretary-treasurer, A. L. Boyden of Medina; superintendent, Rev. A. S. Gregg of Cleveland. In the following April headquarters were opened in the Caxton Building, Cleveland. A field force of speakers, investigators and legislative workers was organized and many meetings held in the interest of good govern- ment. In carrying out the principles of the organization the trustees arranged for free legal advice to reform workers in any part of the country, free literature, and expert aid for those interested in suppressing white slavery, gambling, cigarettes, the saloon, or in matters involving the inactivity of public officials. Soon after the organization began its operations Doctor Kirbye removed to Des Moines, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 463 Iowa, and Dr. Bustard was elected president in his stead. He held that office until July, 1917, at which time Mr. E. R. Root became president. The activities of the Reform Union have extended in 'many directions and the membership now includes people of various denominations and parties in nearly all the states. One of the chief objects has been the suppression of white slavery and allied evils and in addition to the various individuals and agencies engaged in the work and co-operating with it the Union publishes an official organ known as The American Searchlight. In the six years since it was organized over 1,000 cases of various kinds have been handled through the facilities afforded by the Union. Many of these cases have involved the tracing of a missing girl, the location of a recreant lover, the imprisonment of a white slaver, the closing of vice resorts and aid given to local reform organizations. Over 2,000 lectures have been given, thousands of books sold or given away, and literature distributed, while inquiries for legal advice, information or special help have been received from all over the United States. Reform Union men have had a part in investigating the police department of Chicago, removing a Cleveland chief of police for gross immorality, securing a new law against white slavery in Ohio, a new law in Pennsylvania against cigarettes, and in promoting a variety of bills to prevent vice and degeneracy. Many of the leading ministers and social reform leaders of America are connected with the Union either as members or as trustees and members of the advisory committee. REV. ALBERT SIDNEY GREGG is general superintendent of The American Civic Reform Union, a brief history of which has been elsewhere published. Rev. Mr. Gregg devotes all his time to the supervision of Reform Union activities under the direction of the trustees. He has been superintendent since the Union was organized, about eight years ago, and in that time be has performed multifarious duties and looked after many heavy responsibilities, involving the delivery of lectures, the initiation and management of investigations, supervision of legislation in different states, and writing for the press, and with the aid of his associates, handling individual cases that arise from time to time. Mr. Gregg has been heard as a lecturer in many of the states and larger cities of the Vol. II-30 Union, especially upon moral reform topics and particularly those subjects connected with the integrity of social life. Mr. Gregg is a native of Iowa, born near Riverton, December 15, 1866, son of John and Ruth Gregg. At the age of fourteen he left public school and spent six months learning the printing trade at Maquon, Illinois. For two years he worked as a compositor on the Plain Dealer at Galesburg, Illinois, and did similar work on the Omaha Bee. While there he began newspaper writing, and represented the Omaha Bee in Arkansas. In 1889 he was made a reporter on the staff of the Arkansas Democrat of Little Rock, and was assigned duties in the House of Representatives in that city. In 1890 he joined the Arkansas State Register and also acted as correspondent for the St. Louis Globe-Democrat. In 1892 he became a staff reporter of the St. Louis Star, and a year later went to Olympia, Washing. ton,. where for six months he was secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association. In that northwest city he was city editor of an evening paper and also correspondent for eight newspapers outside of Olympia until 1893. At the age of twenty-six Mr. Gregg became a Methodist preacher, and he is still a member of the New England Methodist Conference. In 1893 he joined the Puget Sound Methodist Conference and for a year was pastor of the church at Oakville and was then transferred to the Swansea Church at South Tacoma. While there he also attended the Puget Sound University. For a period of two years he was pastor of a church in South Seattle and for three years and a half pastor of the Madison Street Church of Seattle. From the Pacific Coast Mr. Gregg went to Boston and was on the editorial staff of Zion's Herald until April, 1903, in which month he accepted the pastorate of the Laurel Street Methodist Episcopal Church of Worcester, Massachusetts. It was while pastor of that church during 1903-04 that he had his first active experience in reform. In the fall of 1905, he was released from the pastorate to give his entire time to promoting civic welfare. In April of the same year he was elected president of the Worcester Anti-Saloon League. In October he became one of the field secretaries of the International Reform Bureau of Washington, D. C., and in 1906-08 concentrated his energies at Albany, New York, during the historic fight against race 464 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS tract gambling during the administration of Governor Charles E. Hughes. That was his chief work until June, 1908. He remained with the International Reform Bureau as corresponding secretary at Cleveland until he became general superintendent of the American Civic Reform Union. His duties have taken him into many cities in the eastern states and he has been instrumental in enlisting the co-operation of high officials in city, state and national. government and has also secured the backing of numerous church and business leaders throughout the United States in the prosecution of those reforms which are the chief object of his organization and of his own career. Rev. Mr. Gregg stands today as one of the chief leaders of moral and social reform in the United States. While at Little Rock, Arkansas, September 1, 1889, he married Miss Sadie Earle Covington. They are the parents of eight children : Mrs. Ernest O. Williams of Cleveland ; Mrs. G. W. Pontius of Cleveland ; Earl C., office manager of the National Lamp Works : Calista E., Francis W., Charlotte T., Albert, S., Jr., and Dorothy A. Albert S. and Dorothy are still students in the Cleveland public schools. BENJAMIN F. BRUSSTAR, a chemical engineer and a man of wide and varied experience in metal products lines, is one of the founders of an important new industry at Cleveland, the Cleveland Brass & Copper Mills, Incorporated, of which he is vice president and general manager. Mr. Brusstar was born at Birdsboro in Berks County, Pennsylvania, July 10, 1868, a son of James Suter and Amanda (Smith) Brusstar. His work in the grammar and high schools was completed by graduation in 1888, and during the next three and a half years he gained a thorough knowledge and experience in practical and commercial chemistry in the laboratories of the E. & G. Brooke Iron Company. Following this he was employed as a chemist a year and a half by the Edgar Thompson Steel Company at Braddock, Pennsylvania, but gave up that position to go to Pittsburgh and learn the brass and copper industry. For four years he was connected with Park Brothers & Company, brass and copper mills. He then took charge of the brass and copper rolling mills of Randolph & Clowes at Waterbury, Connecticut, six years, following which he was general superintendent of a brass and copper mill of the Winchester Repeating Arms Company at New Haven, Connecticut. This position he resigned January 1, 1911, to become general superintendent and manager of the Michigan Copper & Brass Company at Detroit. It was from Detroit that Mr. Brusstar came to Cleveland to take charge of the technical processes involved in the establishment and operation of the Cleveland Brass & Copper Mills, Incorporated. Though established only in February, 1917, the company already has three buildings in operation, one 230x436 feet in dimensions, a second 74x200 feet, and a third 40x90 feet. This company manufactures brass and copper sheets, rods and wires. Obviously the business sustains an important relation to the manufacture of war supplies, and many contracts of great value and importance have been placed with the company, which in 1918 necessitated the employment of from six hundred to seven hundred men, which number will be largely augmented later as necessity requires. Mr. Brusstar is a member of the Union Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Chamber of Commerce, Automobile Club, is a York and Scottish Rite Mason and a member of the Sons of the American Revolution. In politics he is identified with the republican party and his church is the Episcopal. He has a family of interesting attainments. Leon Mark, his oldest son, is a graduate of the University of Michigan and is department foreman of the Cleveland Brass & Copper Mills. James Suter has been a student of electrical engineering at the University of Michigan, but is now a petty officer in the Great Lakes Training School at Chicago. Clara Virginia attends a private school at Monroe, Michigan, and William De Bolia is a student of law in Detroit University. Mr. Brusstar married at Detroit, Michigan, Mrs. Renee Travers, a native of the state of New York and a descendant of the Chamberlain family of Woburn, Massachusetts, founded by Sir Thomas Chamberlain, who came to America in 1632. Through her paternal grandmother Mrs. Brusstar descends from the Lee family of Virginia. During her residence in Detroit Mrs. Brusstar was an active figure in women's social and philanthropic organizations as well as a member of the Louisa St. Clair Chapter, Daughters of the American Revolution. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 465 FELIX GUENTHER is one of the oldest business men and merchants of Cleveland, having been a resident of this city over sixty-four years and most of the time engaged in some productive work or occupation. He is best known as a merchant in art goods, and his shops in the high class trade districts of the city have always been centers for people demanding the best in those lines. Mr. Guenther was born in Nassau, Germany, May 8, 1843, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Guenther. He lived in Germany until he was eleven years of age and began his training in the public schools of that country. In 1854 he accompanied his parents to Cleveland, and after that attended the English schools of this city for one year. His early vocation was that of a printer. At this trade he has worked as compositor for nearly fifteen years. Finally giving up the work of his trade Mr. Guenther invested his modest capital and his experience in an art store at the corner of Eagle and Woodland Avenue. He sold goods at that location for eleven years and for a similar period following his place of business was on the public square. The shop has had a steady patronage and a growing appreciation in Cleveland, since it left the public square it has occupied several increasingly eligible locations along Euclid Avenue, this being the largest business house in the city of its kind having maintained this reputation for fifty years. It is now located at 1303 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Guenther handles a general. line of high class art goods and is considered an authority on what constitutes good taste as well as good art. Mr. Guenther is affiliated with Concordia Lodge of Masons. He was married in Cleveland May 20, 1865, fifty-three years ago, to Miss Mary Stoll. They have five children: Mrs. Hattie Uehling of Cleveland ; Henry, now an active partner with his father in the art goods business; Felix, Jr., a construction engineer and general superintendent with the Tidewater Cement Works at Baltimore, Maryland ; Elsie, still at home ; and Edward, also a business partner with his father. ROBERT F. GOULDER, SR. There are turning points in every man's life called opportunity. Taken advantage of they mean ultimate success. The career of Robert F. Goulder, Sr., is a striking illustration of the latter statement. Diligent and ever alert for his chance of advancement, he has progressed steadily until he is recognized today as one of the foremost business men of Cleveland. Here he is held in high esteem by his fellow citizens, who honor him for his native ability and for his straightforward career. Robert F. Goulder, Sr., was born in the City of Cleveland, November 13, 1849, and he is a son of Christopher and Barbara (Freeland) Goulder, the former a native of England and the latter of Scotland. Robert F. Goulder attended the old Brownell Street School until the age of fourteen years, at which time, in 1863, he enlisted as a soldier in the service of the Union army. He became a member of Company C, Eleventh Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and under the command of General Sherman made the famous march through Georgia to the sea. This was a thrilling experience for a lad of his tender years and incidents of that march have made an indelible impression on his memory. He was mustered out of service June 20, 1865, and he then returned home to Cleveland. Not content with the adventure of war times he became a. seaman on the Great Lakes and worked on various sailing vessels during the ensuing five years. Though not educated in a bookish way, he reached his majority with a thorough knowledge of life's hardships and a tried ability to shift for himself. In 1870 he entered the service of Alcott, Horton & Company, a wholesale dry-goods concern, as stockkeeper. Six months later he engaged with Beckwith-Sterling & Company, at 189 Superior Street, a carpet and lace-curtain house, as stock-keeper, remaining there for three years, at the end of which time he was a full-fledged salesman. In 1874 this firm moved into the old rink at No. 12 and 14 Euclid Avenue, and in 1880 the name was changed to Sterling & Company. In 1892 it became Sterling, Welch & Company, and in 1901 it was incorporated as The Sterling & Welch Company. In the latter year Mr. Goulder was elected a member of the board of directors, with the position of manager of the wholesale carpet department, and he is still identified with the organization in those capacities. In May, 1909, The Sterling & Welch Company moved into its present quarters, a beautiful five story building at 1225 Euclid Avenue, and the business was extended to include furniture and several other departments. Entirely through his own efforts Mr. Goulder has reached the high position he now holds with 466 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS this concern and for that reason his success is the more gratifying to contemplate. Mr. Goulder has been twice married. In April, 1873, was solemnized his marriage to Miss Rebecca Jacobs, who died in March, 1888. She is survived by two children : Virgil C., a salesman for The Sterling & Welch Company ; and Julia B., now Mrs. H. H. Mason, of Cleveland. In April, 1889, he married Miss Elizabeth Herron, who died May 3, 1903. This latter union was prolific of three children, as follows: Jean B., a graduate of the Women's College ; William Herron, a graduate of East High School and formerly traveling salesman for the Bigelow-Hartford Carpet Company, of New York City, now sergeant in Company I, Three Hundred Thirty-first Infantry, Camp Sherman, Chillicothe, Ohio ; and Robert F., Jr., who was a student in Western Reserve University, until in company with Dr. Darby he organized the S. S. U. No. 583, Convois Automobiles, American Expeditionary Force, and is now in France. Mr. Goulder retains a marked interest in his old comrades in arms and signifies the same by membership in the Grand Army of the Republic, in which he is one of the youngest members, and he is also connected with the Old Settlers' Association. He is past master of Tris Lodge No. 229, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons ; past high priest of Cleveland Chapter No. 148; past eminent commander of Holyrood Commandery No. 32, and a member of Al Koran Commandery, Ancient Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a Thirty-second degree Mason in the Scottish Rite branch of Free Masonry. In politics he is a stalwart republican and in religious faith is a devout Presbyterian. As. a citizen Mr. Goulder is worthy in every respect, always indorsing and giving his aid to movements projected for the good of the general welfare. He is an earnest and loyal friend and by reason of his upright, sterling manhood he commands the unalloyed confidence and esteem of all who know him. THEODORE A. WILLARD, vice president and general manager of the Willard Storage Battery Company, is the acknowledged pioneer in the development of a type of storage battery fitted and perfected for use in automobile starting and lighting. His personal career furnishes some interesting side lights upon the history of the development of storage batteries in general. Mr. Willard was born at Castle Rock, near Min neapolis, Minnesota, December 10, 1862, his parents, Robert and Esther Willard, having gone to the far Northwest in pioneer times and settled on the frontier. Theodore A. Willard as a boy attended public school at Farmington, Minnesota, and at the age of seventeen went to Minneapolis, where during the day he worked as a mechanical draftsman for his brother Willis R., an engraver, and at night attended school to complete his electrical education. It was during this period of his early life that he gained his first practical knowledge of electrical engineering, and while at Minneapolis he also made his first battery. In 1887 Mr. Willard came to Cleveland, and for several months studied with his uncle, Archibald M. Willard. This Archibald M. Willard, is the man who painted the famous patriotic picture, "The Spirit of '76." Going on to New York City, Theodore A. Willard found employment for three years as draftsman with Bartlett & Company, this firm doing an extensive business in the making of illustrations and drawings for electrical and other machinery. It was while with that company that Mr. Willard obtained his first idea for the original Willard battery, from watching the operations of an engraving machine, of grooving a lead plate so as to produce a larger surface area for the action of the chemicals in a storage battery. Mr. Willard's abilities brought him substantial rewards and when he left New York he had accumulated a capital of several thousand dollars, but had to give up what promised to be a successful career there on account of ill health. Returning to Cleveland, he lived for eight months with his uncle, and employed himself on light experimental work during that time. From here he removed to Norwalk, Ohio, and there built a small laboratory for the purpose of developing a commercial type of battery, known as the Plante Type. He perfected that and at intervals also gave his services as a draftsman to the Lanning Printing Company, though most of his days and parts of his nights were spent in experimental work in his laboratory. In 1892 Mr. Willard formed a partnership with Dr. E. N. Hawley and Charles Suhr, of Norwalk, under the name Willard Electric & Battery Company. Their business soon outgrew its original quarters and in 1895 the plant was removed to Cleveland and located at 49 Wood Street. In 1899 other interests were incorporated, the Sipe & Sigler, manufacturing jewelers, and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 467 the business was continued under the name Sipe & Sigler. Later John Sipe, Carl Sigler and Mr. Willard bought out the interests of Dr. Hawley and Suhr, and in 1900 the present Willard Storage Battery Company was established, Sipe and Sigler at that time turning over their interests to the new company. Concerning this business a separate sketch will be found on other pages. Mr. Willard was one of the founders of the Cleveland Automobile Club. December 3, 1906, he married at Cleveland Florence Lee Voorhees. WILLARD STORAGE BATTERY COMPANY. This is a Cleveland industry which has grown and developed in a way to reflect the increasing importance of Cleveland as a center of the automobile business better than perhaps any other concern. The company was organized in 1900, and at that time its force of employes numbered from fifteen to twenty men. Today there are 3,000 employes. Theodore A. Willard, the founder of the business, is a pioneer in the development of types of storage battery adapted for use on motor vehicles. For a number of years he and his associates manufactured exclusively the Plante Type of battery, chiefly used for railroad car lighting and central power stations. This was the only product of the Willard Storage Battery Company up to 1902. The problem of adapting electrical lighting and starting to the automobile is the result of long study and experimentation on the part of Mr. Willard and his associates. He spent months working in connection with electric lamp manufacturers to produce a satisfactory lamp for automobile lighting. This was only one item. The storage battery being of the greatest importance, many more minutes were spent on a battery which would meet the requirements of the hard usage of an automobile. The company then began constructing batteries and electric lighting accessories in 1910, and for two years it was possible to sell the output only to individuals. Automobile manufacturers were distrustful and declined to accept electric starting and lighting as a regular part of their equipment. In 1912 the first contracts were filled with automobile manufacturers, and since then the growth of the Willard Storage Battery Company has kept apace with the development of the automobile industry itself and the company has confined itself to the manufacture of storage batteries alone, other concerns now making the accessories. At the present time this company manufactures more batteries for automobile use than all their competitors combined. They have contracts for the Willard Battery with fully eighty-five per cent of the automobile factories in the United States. The outstanding features of the Willard Battery are the solution of the several elements and problems to which Mr. Willard and his associates gave so much time. One of these is the high voltage for self-starting, combined with a satisfactory capacity for lighting service and a durability for all the rigorous tests employed in ordinary or extraordinary service on a car. The Willard Company was pioneers in meeting these requirements, and it was several years before their competitors succeeded in imitating them. The new plant of the Willard Storage Battery is on One Hundred and Thirty-first Street, near St. Clair Avenue, and covers ten acres of ground, furnishing 350,000 square feet of floor space. The officers of the company are: Jacob H. Shaffer, president; Theodore A. Willard, vice president and general manager ; H. J. Stiles, secretary and treasurer; R. C. Norberg, general sales manager and director ; and T. R. Cook, chief engineer in charge of production. THE CLEVELAND AUTOMOBILE SCHOOL COMPANY. It is one of the traits of American character that for every new condition presented there is a man and facilities developed to take care of it Twenty years ago an auto-. mobile was a rarety, but in the course of a few years they were found in multiplying numbers on every street and highway of the country. To operate them and take care of them presented a test of practical mechanics such as had never been known. It was merely a problem involving the training of a special class of mechanics like railroad engineers and motor men, since in a great majority of the cases the running of an automobile was not a business in itself but only incidental to a regular vocation. Thousands of motor enthusiasts have learned the art, rather imperfectly, from brief instruction by trained chauffeurs or from individual trial and experience. Out of the general need for drivers, mechanics, repair men, outside the factories and shops of automobile building centers, there were developed, with the ready responsiveness of American ingenuity, schools of automobile instruction. Of these schools few has enjoyed a more 468 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS successful record and none have been longer in the field than The Cleveland Automobile School Company, which started in 1903 as one of the commendable branches of endeavor and instruction supplied by the Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association. The first class was organized by the Young Men's Christian Association in 1903 and the school was continued under the auspices of the institution until 1909. In that year The Cleveland Automobile School Company was organized and incorporated and has since conducted as a separate institution. In 1917 the school was transferred to its own $50,000 two story brick block at 1815 East Twenty-fourth Street. In this building are class rooms, offices and complete garage and shops, containing all the different types of automobiles, motors, accessories and working machinery which offer complete experience through practical use for every angle of the automobile and tractor industry, from the assembling and setting up of a complete machine to its operation and repair. The method of teaching pursued is extremely practical. Students are not expected to dig their knowledge out of text books but to acquire it by practical work. The school's shop contains every type of ear, engine, part and accessory in use. Upon this equipment each student works, overhauling, adjusting, repairing, testing, until he can perform all of the operations skillfully that have to be done in active automobile service. The work is carefully systematized so that before attempting to do a piece of it the student knows what he is to do and how he should do it. The work of instruction falls into three general divisions. That known as the lecture. work consists of explaining the mechanism, operation and repairing of cars; shop practice consists in giving students opportunity to perform practical shop work in which they put to use the information gained in the explanations; and the road work or driving practice affords a student an opportunity for complete practice in driving the various types of cars under all kinds of road conditions. The chief product of the school is of course trained men. In the fifteen years there have been 4,000 graduates and they are now found in nearly every state of the Union and foreign countries, and are filling practically every position in the automobile industry as chauffeurs, repair men, assemblers, testers, racers, instructors, garage managers, salesmen, demonstrators and designers. CLYDE H. PRATT, president of The Cleveland Automobile School Company, is the man whose ability, planning and energies have been chiefly responsible for the growth and upbuilding of this important institution in Cleveland automobile circles. Mr. Pratt was born at Chesterland, Ohio, July 14, 1880, a son of Horace O. and Vinnie (Geary) Pratt. As a boy he lived on a farm, attended district schools, and in 1901 graduated from the high school at Chardon, Ohio. He was a thoroughly trained mechanical engineer before he became actively connected with the automobile industry. At Cleveland he attended the Case School of Applied Science, from which he graduated in the mechanical engineering corps in 1906 and that school gave him the degree M. E. in 1909. After graduating in 1906 he went to Grand Rapids, Michigan, and was employed as a draftsman with the Harrison Automobile Company until the spring of 1907. At that date he returned to Cleveland and became principal of the mechanical engineering department and of the automobile school of the Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association. He did some hard and earnest work with that institution, having the general oversight of the mechanical engineering department in the day and the automobile school during the evening classes. He made the automobile course especially attractive, until that department justified its erection as a separate institution. In September, 1909, M. N. Fowler and Mr. Pratt having organized The Cleveland Automobile School Company, took over the old Young Men's Christian Association Automobile School department and entered upon their new duties with a company. Mr. Pratt is now president and treasurer of the company. Mr. Pratt and the company are members of the Cleveland Automobile Club, National Society of Automobile Engineers, the Aerial League of America, Cleveland Engineering Society, Automobile Owners Protective Association, Cleveland Branch of the S. A. E., and the Automobile Association of America. He has also written much for automobile papers and is the author of several automobile instruction books, which are in general use in .schools and are also the reliable source of reference for thousands of automobile owners. Most prominent of these books are : The Automobile Instructor, now used in many automobile schools ; The Art of Driving an Automobile; and Motor Mechanics for Beginners. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 469 Mr. Pratt is independent in politics and is a member of the Congregational Church. At Cleveland August 18, 1908, he married Miss Lillian M. Ellery. They have two children, Walter and Florence, the former born in 1912 and the latter in 1915. RAYMOND F. BLAKESLEE, member of the firm of the Blakeslee-Frolking-Prout Company, who had a varied business experience during his early youth in Cleveland, has succeeded in building up a large and important clientage in general insurance, and is one of the able insurance brokers of the city. His offices are in the Williamson Building. Mr. Blakeslee was born in Newburg, Ohio, June 15, 1886, a son of Frank and Lucretia B. (Stone) Blakeslee. His father was prominently known throughout Northern Ohio in fraternal organizations. The mother is still living in Cleveland. Raymond is the youngest in a family of eight children, three sons and five daughters, two of the sons and four of the daughters still living. He was educated in the Cleveland public schools and the Spencerian Business College, and from school went to work as collector for the jewelry firm of Scribner & Loehr of Cleveland. He was with them several years as collector and in the offices of the firm, and then joined his older brother, Frank R., in the general insurance business. They were together about two years when Raymond Blakeslee withdrew. to set up in business for himself in 1912. The company's offices are in the Williamson Building and every year has been attracting a larger clientage as general brokers in insurance of all kinds and handling of surety bonds. The company are also general agents for the Continental Casualty Company of Chicago, Illinois, and several other fire insurance companies. Among other business connections Mr. Blakeslee is treasurer of the Wonders Sales Company in the Hippodrome Building. For three years he was a member of the Cleveland organization of the Ohio National Guard. He is a republican in politics and finds his chief recreation in golf and bowling. He is president of the Hyklas Bowling Club of Cleveland. June 7, 1911, Mr. Blakeslee married Miss Rose Gunderman, who was born and educated in Cleveland. Her father, Simon Gunderman, who died on Christmas Day, 1916, at the age of seventy-two, had been a resident of Cleveland far half a century or more and had lived in the one house where he died for over forty-five years. That home was the birthplace of Mrs. Blakeslee, she and her husband were married there, and they still reside in one part of the double house, her mother, Mrs. Catherine Gunderman occupying the other half. Mr. and Mrs. Blakeslee have two children, Raymond W. and Robert C., both born in Cleveland. FRED G. GOLLMAR. There are very few self-made men who, in looking back over the path they have successfully climbed, will really wish that their lot had been otherwise. There is a compensating satisfaction in self-earned victory that is very valuable to one who has gained it. One of the prospering business men of Cleveland is Fred G. Gollmar, who is president of F. J. Gollmar & Company, and his business success has been the direct result of his own industry and perseverence. Fred G. Gollmar was born in Stuttgart, Germany, January 8, 1876. His parents were George and Christina Gollmar, who came to the United States in 1881 and settled with their family at Medina, Ohio. There Fred G. attended the public schools until he was sixteen years of age, when he went to work as an employe of A. I. Root Company, manufacturers of beekeepers' supplies. He was steady and industrious and remained with the company for seven years, when he came to Cleveland, where he very soon secured a position as salesman for the firm of Stranahan & Company, where, for ten years he had charge of their cigar department in the Arcade Building. It was this connection that gave him the experience that has since proved so valuable in his own enterprises. During his long term of service with Stranahan & Company, Mr. Gollmar had contracted a wide acquaintance and made many personal friends, and when he severed his old business relations and purchased a cigar business of his own, at No. 163 Arcade Building, he found a purchasing public ready for him. As a business man on his own responsibility, Mr. Gollmar soon proved the possession of many of the business qualities that are essential to success, and in 1912 illustrated it by taking over the cigar business in the Rathskeller on East Fourth Street. In the following year he secured the cigar trade of his former employers, and in 1914 he purchased the cigar stand at No. 742 Euclid Avenue. At present he is operating all the above under the general name of the F. G. Gollmar Company, of which 470 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS he is both president and treasurer. To no outside influence does Mr. Gollmar owe his business success. He worked faithfully and efficiently while in the employ of others and when the opportunity came for independence, he had the wisdom and good judgment to make use of it. He is now one of the substantial business men of this city. In February 26, 1902, Mr. Gollmar was married at Cleveland to Miss Laura Blashke, and they have one daughter, Anna Louise, who is attending the public school. Mr. Gollmar has always been an upright and useful citizen and has ever used his influence in the furtherance of movements that promise to be generally beneficial. In political affiliation he has preferred to be independent. He belongs to Forest City Lodge, Free & Accepted Masons, to the National Union and to the order of Maccabees, and is known to be very charitable although never advertising his generosity. ROBERT WALLACE was born May 17, 1834, in Cootehill, Ireland, and was twenty years of age when he sailed for America. He crossed the entire continent, spent several months in California, and from there returned East as far as Cleveland. His accession to Cleveland citizenship is an important event. While for some years he was employed and was known only as an expert mechanic and machinist, his subsequent years brought him to a conspicuous position among the constructive forces that laid the foundation of Cleveland's importance as a great ship building center. Robert Wallace contributed two things to the Great Lakes shipping industry. He was the first to apply mechanical motive power for the unloading of freight vessels and perhaps of even greater importance he was the first builder of steel construction ships at Cleveland. Today more than at any other time can be appreciated the importance of his work, especially when it is recalled that he was one of the founders of The American Ship Building Company, the largest industry of its kind around the Great Lakes and one of the greatest in America. Robert Wallace began his career in Cleveland as an employe of a local machine shop. Fifteen years later in 1869 he became associated with the late John F. Pankhurst, John B. Cowle, and Henry D. Coffinberry, all well known names in Cleveland industrial circles and these men bought a small machine shop from Sanderson & Company on Center. Street, Northwest. The business soon became known as The Globe Iron Works, and any who are familiar with Cleveland industries, have some appreciation of the significance of the- name Globe. The Globe Iron Works bought an interest in a dry dock which was in course of construction by the firm of Stevens & Presley. This was the original plant of The Cleveland Dry Dock Company. The business grew and prospered, and when The Globe Iron Works had outgrown its original quarters a new shipyard plant was built on the old river bed. In 1880 the original partners, Wallace, Pankhurst, Cowle, Coffinberry and John Smith organized The Globe Shipbuilding Company. Six years later The Globe Iron Works was reorganized as The Globe Iron Works Company, and was consolidated with The Globe Shipbuilding Company. In the same year Robert Wallace, Henry D. Coffinberry, William Chisholm, J. H. Wade, Valentine Fries, Capt. Phillip Minch, William M. Fitch, R. R. Rhodes, Quincy Miller, Omar N. Steele and it. W. Bristow acquired the plant of The Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company. This plant was located on the Cuyahoga River and the new proprietors reorganized it as The Cleveland Shipbuilding Company. Robert Wallace was the first president of this enterprise. On March 16, 1899, he and his associates incorporated The American Shipbuilding Company, taking over both The Globe Iron Works Company and The Cleveland Shipbuilding Company. The latter at that time also owned the Lorain shipyards and a number of other shipbuilding plants at different places around the Great Lakes from Superior to Buffalo. For the next four or five years Robert Wallace sustained many of the heavy responsibilities in 'connection' with the management and the presidency of The American Shipbuilding Company, but for the last seven years of his life held a place on the board only as a director. Reference has already been made to the fact that it was due to Mr. Wallace that the first all-steel boats were built at Cleveland and that machinery was used for unloading cargoes. Another important reform he made in methods of boat construction was originated when the various construction companies were still building wooden vessels. It had long been customary for the shipbuilding companies to contract with various firms for the construction of different parts of a boat, and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 471 these parts were afterwards assembled. Through Mr. Wallace the Cleveland companies with which he was connected undertook to construct a ship throughout in their own yards without resort to the specialty factories. As one of the older residents and business men of Cleveland Mr. Wallace was identified with many other lines of business. He was a director in a number of banks, including the First National Bank, the old State National Bank, from which he resigned some years before his death, and was a director at the time of his death of The Forest City Savings & Trust Company. He was long prominent in the *First Congregational Church and for almost half a century an active Mason. For a number of years and up to the date of his death he was treasurer of Thatcher Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and was also a Knight Templar, a Thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and.a member of the Mystic Shrine. Robert Wallace died March 6, 1911, at St. Petersburg, Florida, where he had been spending a few weeks in rest and recuperation. He was survived by his wife, who has since passed away, by three brothers, and by three sons and two daughters. The oldest son, J. C. Wallace, was president of The American Shipbuilding Company when his father died. ROBERT BRUCE WALLACE, a son of the late Robert Wallace and Lydia (Davis) Wallace, has earned a prominent place in Cleveland business affairs along the same lines followed by his father. He was born in Cleveland February 16, 1876. His education was acquired in the West High School of Cleveland, and in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology at Boston, from which he graduated in June, 1899, with the degree S. B. in naval architecture. Since that time nearly all his active work has been in shipbuilding. Upon his return to Cleve land he started in the mould loft, and from that went as superintendent of the Bay City Ship Building Company at Bay City, Michigan. In 1901 he came back to Cleveland as head of the designing department of the American Shipbuilding Company and from 1908 to 1914 was general manager of that great corporation. Mr. Wallace is a director and vice president of the Kinney Steamship Company and president of the Shore Acre Land Company. He is a member of the Union, Country, Clifton, Hermit and Westwood Clubs, and of the Delta Upsilon fraternity. He married at Cleveland June 24, 1902, Miss Blanche Kinney, daughter of A. T. Kinney. They have one child, Marion. HON. ALFRED GEORGE CARPENTER, late judge of the Court of Appeals of the Eighth Judicial District of Ohio, was a successful Cleveland lawyer nearly forty years before he went upon the bench. His activities were pretty well restricted within his profession, and it was as an able lawyer and an equally able judge that his career was most signally useful. Judge Carpenter was born September 25, 1849, at Newville, Richland County, Ohio, and died January 24, 1918. Be was a son of William Barney and Emeline (Grove) Carpenter. In the paternal line his ancestry goes back to William Carpenter, who came from England with two brothers in 1636. Judge Carpenter was a member of the Western Reserve Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, and his eligibility to that order came from the patriotic services of his great-great-grandfather, William Carpenter. William B. Carpenter was also a native of Richland County and by trade was a tanner, or, as some writers might say, a manufacturer of leather goods. This business he followed fully fifty years and then gave his time to farming. He was a strong and rugged man both physically and mentally and was nearly eighty-eight years of age when he died in June, 1913. He and his wife were married in Richland County, where Emeline Grove, a native of Montgomery County, Pennsylvania, had come at the age of four years with her parents. She was of Pennsylvania Dutch stock, and in earlier generations the name was spelled Groff. She died about twenty years ago at the age of seventy-four. Judge Carpenter was thus a combination of two of the oldest and most prominent American stocks, the Yankee New Englanders and the Hollanders who settled in Pennsylvania. He was one of a family of nine children, and three daughters and one son are still living. His brother, O. W. Carpenter, is a Cleveland man, general agent of the Union-Life Insurance Company. A deceased brother was the eminent alienist, the late Dr. Eugene G. Carpenter, who at the time of his death in 1902 was superintendent of the Christopher Columbus Hospital for the Insane. Judge Carpenter and his brother, Doctor Carpenter, toured Europe together in the year 1894. Another widely known member of the Carpenter family, a cousin of Judge Carpenter, is the 472 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS newspaper correspondent, Frank G. Carpenter, whose home is at Washington and the products of whose pen as a world wide traveled and observer have been published in many of the leading newspapers in the United States. In his native village Judge Carpenter seen his boyhood, attended school there, in 1870 graduated from the Mansfield High School, and in 1873 took his A. B. degree from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. The same institution later gave him the degree Master of Arts. On leaving university in 1873 he became a teacher and for two years was principal of the Mansfield schools. At the same time he studied law, and was admitted to practice in the fall of 1875. The following year he spent in the law department of the University of Michigan and graduated LL. B. in 1876. He made his entry into professional work at Cleveland with the firm of Foster & Hinsdale, and at the end of six months was admitted to a partnership, the title becoming Foster, Hinsdale & Carpenter. Three years later Hinsdale retired, leaving the firm Foster & Carpenter, and in 1885 the senior member withdrew and Judge Carpenter then became the head of Carpenter & Young. This was the beginning of a prominent legal combination of Cleveland. In 1900 the firm became Carpenter, Young & Stocker, and by the admission of J. A. Fenner in March, 1914, it became Carpenter, Young, Stocker & Fenner. In November, 1914, Mr. Carpenter was called from the duties and emoluments of a large private practice to the bench of the Court of Appeals of the Eighth Judicial Dis- trict, and began his six-year term on February 9, 1915. To this high judicial office he brought abundance of experience, the wisdom of the tried and expert lawyer, and the dignity of an unsullied character. Judge Carpenter was formerly quite active in republican politics, was delegate to various state conventions, and in 1912 became active in the progressive cause and was a delegate to the state progressive convention. From 1898 to 1900 he represented the old Twenty-first, now the Nineteenth Ward, in the Cleveland City Council. In the course of his active career as a lawyer he acquired some important business interests and was vice president of the Hart Manufacturing Company, director of the Ohio Sash and Door Company, director of the F- H. Bultman Company, and director of the Hors- 1 burg-Scott Company. He was a member of in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Civic League, the City Club, Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations, and Woodward Lodge of Masons. He also belonged to the Phi Kappa Psi college fraternity. When seeking recreation from the responsibilities of his profession and office Judge Carpenter found it chiefly among his books. For a number of years he carried on a special study of Civil war history, and was thoroughly conversant with the German language and literature. The family residence is at 2117 East One Hundredth Street. October 18, 1877, Judge Carpenter married Miss Alice Boyd, of London, Ohio, and they became the parents of three children: Carrie, Mrs. James B. McCrea, and their children are Ruth C., Alexander J., and James Briney, Jr.; Ruth, Mrs. Louis F. Body, has three children, Louis 3d, Alfred C. and Robert W.; and Robert F. Carpenter, who married Ellen Wells Bixby, of Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania, and they have one child, Robert F., Jr. The daugh- ters were liberally educated in the Woman's College of Western Reserve University and the Ohio Wesleyan University, and also in a young ladies' school at Science Hill, Kentucky. All the children are natives of Cleveland. The son, Robert F. Carpenter, is a graduate of the Central High School of Cleveland and of Dartmouth College, and is now president of the Robert F. Carpenter Manufacturing Company of Cleveland. ROBERT F. CARPENTER is president and treasurer of the R. F. Carpenter Manufacturing Company, a business whose output enjoys a national reputation and use under the trade name of Sanymetal doors and toilet partitions. Mr. Carpenter, the head of the company, is not only a practical business man, but has been a student and experimenter in the uses and adaptations of steel products for a number of years, and has patents covering all the products that go out under the name Sanymetal. Mr. Carpenter is the only son of the late, Judge A. G. Carpenter and Alice (Boyd) Carpenter While his father has been distinguished by his attainments and services as a lawyer and jurist, as noted on other pages, the son found his life work in practical business affairs. Robert F. Carpenter was born at Cleveland October 16, 1883, and was educated in the grammar and Central High School of Cleveland, graduating from the latter in 1902, and n 1906 received. his A. B. degree from Dartmouth College. He was a member of the Delta Upsilon Fraternity. His university CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 473 career was followed by some experience a s a reporter on the staff of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, but in 1906 he went to work for the Van Dorn Iron Works Company. While with that company for three in years he found many opportunities to experiment n steel products, and gained a thorough and detailed knowledge of the business- In 1909 he formed a partnership with J. S. K. McWatters as manufacturers agents with offices in the Columbia Building. Then in 1915 Mr. Carpenter organized the R. F. Carpenter Manufacturing Company, and it was incorporated in June, 1916, with himself as president and treasurer, J. B. McCrea, vice president, and C. J. Daugherty as secretary. In February, 1916, the company bought and acquired their present plant and factory at 978 East Sixty-fourth Street. This is a highly specialized and well organized institution, with all the facilities and experience of the company directed to the manufacture of Sanymetal doors and toilet partitions. It is the only exclusive concern of its kind in America. As already noted, Mr. Carpenter personally invented this type of construction, which is designed for and is extensively used by industrial plants and all buildings in public use. Sanymetal has been built and has proved adequate to the long existing demands of architects and building owners for partitions that are not only durable and readily installed and economical, but absolutely sanitary, easy to clean, non-absorbent, and presenting continuous surfaces devoid of crack. Considering the short time the company has been in existence and the wide use already made of its products, it is apparent that the aims and expectations of the inventor and his associates have been more than realized. Large quantities of Sanymetal have been installed in the subway stations of New York City, and some of the biggest industrial and other plants in the United States are also customers. The company employs about forty five men all told and its goods are shipped all over the United States, while steps have been taken to cover their patents and trade marks in foreign countries. Mr. Carpenter is a member of the Culver. city Club and City Club, and the Fairmont Presbyterian Church. He resides on Lincoln Boulevard in Cleveland Heights. On February 11, 1911, at Wilkesbarre, Pennsylvania he married Miss Ellen W. Bixby, who was born and reared in Wilkesbarre, being a graduate of the Girls Institute of that city. She was also sent abroad to finish her studies by two years of residence in Europe, and while in Paris she first met Mr. Carpenter, who was spending a vacation in foreign travel. Mrs. Carpenter is a member of the Woman's City Club of Cleveland. They have one son, Robert F., Jr. NATHAN EGBERT WARWICK, a member of the Cuyahoga County bar, born February 11, 1849, on a farm near Hamilton, Butler County, Ohio, is a descendant from one of the oldest and most prominent families in the Great Miami Valley. His grandfather was Jeremiah Warwick, who emigrated from Kentucky to this Ohio Valley in 1806, and bought a farm near Fort Hamilton, and whose father, William, came from England to Maryland in Colonial days. His grandfather was a descendant of the Short and Messick families, also of English descent, and among the oldest settlers in Sussex County, Delaware. The father of Nathan, also named Jeremiah, was born in Ohio in 1811, and like most of the hardy pioneers was a farmer, but in the winter taught classes in vocal music in the country schoolhouses. In both vocations he established a name for thoroughness and integrity. He married Miss Lydia Smith, the daughter of Daniel Smith, a farmer, who was of Pennsylvania Dutch descent, bought a farm, reared a family of four sons and two daughters and died in his ninetieth year one of the most respected citizens of that community. Mr. Warwick was the youngest son. His boyhood days were spent on his father's farm three miles north of Hamilton, the county seat. His ambition inspired him to not only do every sort of work that was to be done on a farm, but also to get an education, and after getting all the common schools at that time afforded, he attended the Seven Mile Academy, then conducted by Prof. Benjamin Starr, where he prepared himself for entrance into the collegiate course of the Miami University at Oxford, in that county. In the fall of 1869 he entered the freshmen class of the university, then under the presidency of Dr. Stanton, taking the classical; as well as the elective courses of astronomy b and the calculus, and graduated in the class of 1872, with highest honors. He was given the "honor speech" on commencement day; the president at that time being Dr. A. D. s Hepburn. While at Miami he was a member a of Erodelphian Literary Society, holding each of its offices from president down. Upon grads uation, the university conferred on him the 474 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS degree of Bachelor of Arts, and later on, June 26, 1866, the degree of Master of Arts. Mr. Warwick began the study of law before graduation, and continued while teaching a term of district school, finishing under the tutorship of his elder brother, Isaac M., who was then practicing law at Hamilton. He was admitted to practice by the Supreme Court, October 25, 1873, and at once formed a partnership with his brother, which continued for ten years, during which time the firm was engaged in many important litigated cases in that county. In 1888 he quit the general practice, and was employed by a firm, as their special counsel, and who were engaged in recovering into the county treasuries of various counties throughout the state, the unlisted or omitted property taxes. This was done under the authority of acts of the Legislature. This position required of him, not only constant devotion to arduous labor, but also a thorough knowledge of all the tax laws of the state and the decisions thereon. This employment called him in turn to the cities of Dayton, Springfield, Toledo and Youngstown, in each of which he spent more than a year, during which time he came in contact with the leading lawyers of those cities in the settlement of tax cases, and litigation instituted on behalf of the counties. In April, 1893, he came to Cleveland to engage in this work, which he prosecuted with vigor until 1906, during which time by his efforts many suits were by him filed in the courts of the state, and United States, and many millions of untaxed property were placed upon the tax duplicate; and in which work he became known as an expert and authority on tax cases, and was consulted by many attorneys on difficult tax questions. Mr. Warwick never held any political office, while always democratic in his principles, he has voted for men regardless of party. During the Hayes-Tilden controversy for president in 1876-7, Mr. Warwick edited and managed The Butler County Democrat, for about six months, and then sold it as receiver by the courts order. Later in 1878, he bought the Hamilton Orcus, a small independent newspaper, which he also edited for a time, then discontinued, after editing and causing to be printed on its presses a biography of the eminent men of the State of Texas, which book was sold in that state by. subscription. After coming to Cleveland, he was for two years the president of The Enterprise Printing Company. He was always quick to see the merits of inventions and was among the first stockholders in The American Multigraph Company. Mr. Warwick in a measure has contributed to the growth and activities of the city and to its charities. Besides maintaining the family home on East Seventy-fifth Street, he has erected factory buildings on East Fortieth Street, has also built and owns "The Washington," a large modern fireproof apartment on East Seventy-seventh Street. He is a member of the Colonial Club, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Willowick Country Club and other organizations and takes great interest in golf, music, and the drama. SILAS H. L. COOPER. With the establishment of the Federal Reserve banking system Mr. Cooper was called to Cleveland as chief national bank examiner of this reserve district and during the past three years has become prominently known to the financial leaders of the city and of the entire state. Mr. Cooper is a veteran national bank examiner, and has performed his official duties under the comptroller of the currency for twenty years. His official headquarters at Cleveland are in the Williamson Building, but his legal residence is still in the State of Tennessee. Mr. Cooper represents that sturdy and virile class of people known as the mountaineers of Eastern Tennessee. He was born in Greene County in the rugged scenery of the Cumberland Blue Ridge Mountains on May 28, 1867. His parents, Lewis and Cynthia A. (Shanks) Cooper, both spent their last years in Tennessee. Silas Cooper was just four years old when on May 28, 1871, his mother died in Washington County. She was then twenty-six years of age. The father, who died in Washington County, Tennessee, June 6, 1889, at the age of fifty-two, was filling the office of Circuit Court clerk of the county at the time of his death. He had come into that office from his farm of 200 acres. When the Civil war broke out he joined the Union army and was mustered out of service as a first lieutenant in the Fourth Tennessee Regiment. He fought all through the struggle. With many other Tennessee mountaineers he had to exercise great caution and vigilance in order to get away from Confederate forces and reach Kentucky to join the Union army. It is a matter of history that the Eastern Tennessee communities furnished more soldiers to the Union army than any other section of its population in the United States. He was always CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 475 an ardent republican, and was a member of the Masonic order. After the death of his first wife he became associated with the Wrought Iron Range Company of St. Louis, Missouri, and for a number of years was their division superintendent- Mr. Silas Cooper was the only child of his mother. His father married in Washington County, Tennessee, in 1878 Miss Tennessee Keys. By this union there were two daughters, Mary and Amanda. Mary, now deceased, married John Stewart and left three children. Amanda is the wife of James Deakins of Washington County, Tennessee, and the mother of one child. Silas H. L. Cooper lived from his birth until he was twenty-one, years of age on a farm in Tennessee. He attended country schools in Washington County and at the age of eleven began hustling for himself, for a time working as a farm hand at $5 a month and board. In winter seasons he would usually attend school, later attended that noted old institution of higher learning in the eastern part of the state, Greenville and Tusculum College in Green County. He was graduated there with the degree A. B. in 1889. Two winters of his college career he did janitor work to pay his tuition and the entire five years he spent in college he boarded himself and did his own cooking. He was a young man of twenty-two when his father died in 1889 and his capabilities led Judge A. J. Brown, circuit judge of First Judicial Circuit of Tennessee, to appoint him his father's successor in Washington County. Thus he filled the unexpired term as circuit court clerk, and was then regularly elected to the office in 1890. He was therefore early introduced to public affairs, but after four years as clerk he entered banking as cashier of the First National Bank of Jonesboro, Tennessee. In June, 1898, Mr- Cooper was called from this local position to the duties of national bank examiner under appointment from the then Comptroller of Currency Charles G. Dawes, now one of Chicago's prominent bankers. In the Middle West and the Middle South Mr. Cooper probably has as extensive acquaintance with national bankers as any other man. For nearly twenty years his services as bank examiner were in the states of Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Arkansas, Wisconsin and Michigan, and it was from his duties in Michigan and Wisconsin that he was transferred as chief of the Fourth Federal Reserve District in April, 1915, with headquarters at Cleveland- This Federal Reserve District comprises the State of Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, part of West Virginia, and part of Western Kentucky. There are ten regular bank examiners for the district and fourteen assistants, all of whom are under the direct supervision of the chief examiner Mr. Cooper. All the reports from this staff of examiners go through his offices in Cleveland. For purposes of special examination, in addition to his regular duties as above outlined, Mr- Cooper has been called to look after the conditions of banks in Oklahoma, North Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, Indiana, North and South Carolina, Virginia, Texas and New Mexico. From his twenty years of active service over this extensive field Mr. Cooper no doubt could write at least one book and it would be a book full of human nature as well as facts relating to strictly financial affairs. In the course of his examinations he has uncovered twenty defalcations in various banks, and of all the various prosecutions that have been started as a result of his investigations only one man has been acquitted of the charges brought in the indictment. Politically Mr. Cooper is a republican and in religion is a Presbyterian. He has formed social relations in various cities where he has made his home, and is a member of Ray Lodge No- 47, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, at Jonesboro, Tennessee, of Greenville Commandery Knights Templar, and is a Thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason and a member of Kerbela Temple, Ancient. Arabic Order of the Nobles of the Mystic Shrine of Knoxville, Tennessee. He belongs to the Union Club of Pittsburgh and when his official duties permit he enjoys no recreation more than hunting. On October 8, 1896, he married Miss Vandalia C. Fuqua of Johnson City, Tennessee- She was born at Hopkinsville, Kentucky, was graduated in the public schools there and also attended a young ladies' seminary- Her parents were Dr- William M. and Vandalia (Davis) Fuqua. Her parents were Virginia people and her mother is now living with Mr- and Mrs. Cooper. Her father was a man of distinction, a surgeon by profession, was employed in that capacity in the Confederate army and for a time ministered to the prisoners in Libby prison at Richmond. When he was sixty years of age he was appointed a surgeon with the American army during the Spanish-American war. After the Civil war he became a red hot republican. His death occurred at Jonesboro, Tennessee, in 1908. 476 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS HENRY T. LOOMIS. While in recent years Henry T. Loomis was identified prominently with real estate enterprises, to many citizens of Cleveland he was best known in connection with the cause of education. During a long period he was at the head of several educational institutions which were widely and prominently known for the excellence of their courses, and at the time of his death, January 15, 1918, he was associated with the Practical Text Book Company, the publications of which are used in many schools throughout the country. His realty operations were conducted under the names of three concerns, the Loomis Company, the H. T. Loomis Company and the Loomis Realty Company, which have been leading factors in building up and developing the Forest City. Henry T. Loomis was born November 24, 1856, at Williamsfield, Ohio, a son of Miranda and Sophia (Barton) Loomis, the latter a native of Massachusetts, who died at Kinsman, Ohio, in 1898. Joseph Loomis, the first of the family to come to America, arrived from England in 1638, at which time he founded a home at Windsor, Connecticut, where the homestead has remained in the family name ever since. It is now the home of the Loomis Institute, an institution for practical education, devoted mainly to teaching agriculture and mechanical arts, endowed by a Chicago member of the Loomis family for $2,000,000, and dedicated in 1915. The grandfather of Henry T. Loomis fought in the Revolutionary war, being an officer in the army of General Washington. Miranda Loomis, father of Henry T. Loomis, was born in Massachusetts, and in 1820 left that state for Ohio, driving from Buffalo, New York, with an ox-team and becoming one of the first settlers in the vicinity of Williamsfield when that locality was a wild, wooded country, filled with all kinds of big game. He engaged in farming there and assisted in building the old state roads and canals, and was prominent in his locality, serving as justice of the peace for twelve years and always acting under the theory that it was best to settle disputes out of court if possible. He rounded out a long and honorable career and died at Williamsfield in 1894. Henry T. Loomis was educated in the public schools of Williamsfield and Grand River Institute at Austinburg, Ohio, Jacob Tucker-man, principal, and first entered a commercial school in penmanship with Platt R. Spencer, author of the Spencerian system of writing, with whom he was associated two years as a pupil. Subsequently he went to the Union Business College at Cleveland, which, founded in 1848, was the first of the celebrated Bryant & Stratton Colleges, which were later founded in more than forty cities throughout the northern and eastern states. For three years Mr. Loomis taught in the country district schools when teachers "boarded around," both before and after coming to Cleveland, and after taking his commercial course was a teacher for one year in the Columbus (Ohio) Business College and for four years in the Bryant & Stratton Business College at Buffalo, New York, this latter the second one founded by the company, and established in 1852. After leaving the latter institution Mr. Loomis formed a partnership with Elias R. Felton and Platt R. Spencer, under the name of Spencer, Felton & Loomis, the name of the school being subsequently changed to Spencerian in honor of Mr. Spencer. This company then purchased the Mayhew, Bryant & Stratton College, of Detroit, of which Mr. Loomis was associate principal for four years, then returning to Cleveland in 1887 and again conducting the school with Messrs. Felton and Spencer until 1895, when it was incorporated. The Spencerian school has always been known as one of the largest and most prominent commercial schools in the country and has graduated nearly 50,000 pupils up to date. Mr. Loomis had more than 25,000 of these pupils in his various institutions prior to his disposal of the schools. From 1895 until 1901 the school was conducted under Mr. Loomis' sole management, but in the latter year it was sold to E. E. Merville and Caroline T. Arnold, of Buffalo, who are the principals today. Mr. Loomis began the publication of school text books in 1889 and was engaged in that business with his two sons as partners, under the style of the Practical Text Book Company. Mr. Loomis and his wine are the authors of several of the books published by this company, among them being: "Practical Letter Writing," "Practical Spelling," "Practical Arithmetic" and "Everybody's Dictionary." The books are primarily for use in commercial schools and colleges, high schools and academies, and are distributed in all parts of the world. H. T. Loomis until his death was the president of this company, Harold C. Loomis, the secretary ; Leroy H. Loomis, treasurer. Three incorporated real estate companies are owned by the family, Mr. Loomis and his sons being the officers. The Loomis Company CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 477 owns the property and large store building at 1021-1031 Euclid Avenue, which land was formerly the property of Mayor George W. Gardner. The H. T. Loomis Company owns the large northwest corner of Euclid Avenue and Eighteenth Street, on which stands the Hotel Arden and commercial buildings including the Spencerian Commercial School. This property formerly belonged to the Kelley Estate. In 1835 the Kelley's erected the home which entertained President Harrison while he was on his way to the inauguration, and that house was remodeled into the building now occupied by the Spencerian College. The Loomis Realty Company owns the former Foote homestead on the south side of Euclid Avenue, just west of Eighteenth Street, and other properties. Mr. Loomis was formerly a member and president of the Colonial Club, and belonged to the Chamber of Commerce. He was a member of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church, of which he was a trustee for several years, and was a republican in politics, although not active. At Rochester, Indiana, December 26, 1882, Mr. Loomis was married to Lida C. Stradley, a native of Indiana and a daughter of Charles J. Stradley, a former merchant of Rochester, now deceased. Mrs. Loomis is prominent in women's clubs and in church work. She is president of the Conversational Club, the oldest women's literary club at Cleveland ; was .formerly president of the Women's Association of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church, of which she is a member ; and is a trustee of the Central Friendly Institute. Mr. and Mrs. Loomis became the parents of two sons : Leroy H. and Harold C. The latter married Frances Coate, a daughter of M. D. Coate, a state automobile agent of Cleveland. Harold C. Loomis is a first lieutenant in the Ordnance Department in the United States Army. Mr. and Mrs. H. T. Loomis traveled extensively, not only in their own country, but in Europe, and also made visits to the Mediterranean, Egypt, the West Indies, Mexico, Alaska and Canada, and were in Lucerne, Switzerland, when the great war broke out. The beautiful family home is located near Wade Park, at 1676 Magnolia Drive. ERNEST E. MERVILLE. In the annals of higher and business education at Cleveland there has probably been made no such progress in so short a period of time as that which has characterized the Spencerian College in recent years. This institution has grown from a modest school of commercial learning, boasting of but two departments, into one of the largest and best known of its kind in the country, with more than twenty departments, and this great advancement has been made under the supervision of Ernest E. Merville, who has occupied the post of president since 1904. Ernest E. Merville was born in Wyoming County, New York, September 24, 1869, a son of Euphrates Merville, born in the Mohawk Valley of New York, a farmer who died in 1891 at the age of fifty-one years. In 1864 Euphrates Merville served seven months as a private in the Union Army in Company G, 187th Regiment, New York Volunteers, and took part in nine severe engagements, including Warren, Weldon Railroad and the second battle of Bull Run. He saw more active fighting in his seven months of service than one of his brothers did during four years as a soldier. All of his brothers and a number of his cousins served in the war. One of his brothers, Addison G. Merville, who died in March, 1916, taught sixty-two consecutive terms of district and select school in Western New York. The Mervilles were of French-English descent. The mother of Ernest E. Merville, Julia A. (Barton) Merville, a native of New York and now a resident of Cleveland, comes from an. old American family of English descent, and is a cousin of Clara Barton, of Red Cross fame. Ernest E. Merville attended the public schools, high schools, select schools and a private school, as well as the Bryant & Stratton School at Buffalo, New York, while Dr. J. C. Bryant, the first principal of the Cleveland school, was located in the same capacity at Buffalo, of which institution his son is now the head. Mr. Merville was for a time engaged as a bookkeeper and cashier in Western New York, and from the time he was sixteen years old until he was twenty-three was employed during the school vacational periods in the mercantile business. As a boy he was advised that one of the surest roads to success lay in always doing his work so well that he could return to any position which he had left. This idea made a strong impression upon him, and as a result every employer he ever had asked him to "come back." This is a policy which he still teaches to the boys and girls who pass through his school, impressing upon them that in so doing they are building for their entire future. On one of Mr. Merville's vacational periods he 478 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS was employed in a Buffalo railroad freight office, where there were thirty-five other men. He followed the policy outlined above, and when it came time for him to return to school and resume his studies, the chief clerk did not wish to release him, and offered him seventy-five dollars per month to remain. This was big wages for a boy at that time, but he decided for further education and had the courage to refuse the tempting offer. He has, as a result, never felt timid about advising a boy or girl to leave work, if possible, for education. In his studies Mr. Merville took a great interest in mathematics and systems of accounting and the day he left commercial college was offered three positions. One of these was a teacher's position, offered by Bryant & Stratton, and although he had never contemplated teaching or engaged therein, he accepted the proposition, as it offered further opportunity for study. He began teaching the following Monday and went on with his studies in higher accounting and auditing, work which he soon began practicing outside of teaching hours. He was for nine years at the Bryant & Stratton school and for seven years occupied the chair of auditing and accounting. Mr. Merville was advised of the opportunity opened at Cleveland by wire and took over the Spencerian College in 1902. He acted as its secretary for two years, and since 1904 has been its president, his partner, Miss Caroline T. Arnold, acting in the secretarial position. When Mr. Merville took the school it had, as before noted, but two departments—business and stenography. Since that time other departments have been added as follows: Bookkeeping; advanced bookkeeping; short hand, stenotyping ; speed dictation; touch typewriting; penmanship ; English (preparatory and advanced) ; civil service; college preparatory under state supervision ; private secretary; cost accounting; business administration with the degree of B. C. S.; normal commercial training with state certificate; salesmanship and advertising; higher accounting and auditing; Spanish and South American; Burroughs addition ; bookkeeping and calculating machine. A four-year course is given with nine elective studies and a student can secure the necessary sixteen credits for a first grade certificate in less time by taking up the right kind of preparatory studies, all of this being determined upon entrance. Mr. Merville had a dream of what the com mercial school should be, and two years ago, after years of work and preparation, secured the state charter for the normal department. The Rufus Ranney Law School is connected with the Spencerian College and gives a four-year course with the degree of LL. B. Mr. Merville, with Mr. W. H. Brook, an accountant and auditor of twenty-five years' experience, have developed the courses of higher accounting, auditing, cost accounting and advanced commercial law to such an extent that they are fast being put on the same plane as law. The school is the first that has given a special course for private secretaryship. This extension work is being developed by the Brook-Merville Institute of Commerce and Accounts. The Spencerian College employs books in the pamphlet form as a student's interest is maintained by having a small amount of matter put into his hands at one time, and Mr. Merville believes that the day is not far distant when all student books will be in this form for the reason given. The Spencerian College, since Mr. Merville took charge, has cared for approximately 20,000 pupils, and in all his school work Mr. Merville has had fully 25,000 pupils, many of whom are today occupying high positions. At the present time the school has about 1,000 pupils. Mr. Merville is interested in a number of other prominent enterprises at Cleveland, but, naturally, his main interests lie in the development and success of the college. He is a republican, but not active. He was slated for the secretaryship of the Buffalo Civil Service Commission, but left that city to take up his present work; and when the Cleveland Civil Service Commission was organized acted in an advisory capacity for two years. He was appointed to George Proctor's staff on the civil service to prepare examinations in large centers, but refused the office, as he did also to serve as statistician of the Interstate Commission, to which he had been appointed. Mr. Merville assisted in organizing a camp of the Sons of Veterans at Buffalo and served in various offices, including that of commander. He was active in the work of the Young Men's Christian Association for many years until recently, and during the last six years has been superintendent of the Euclid Avenue Methodist Sunday School. Fraternally he is connected with Woodward Lodge No. 508, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and Mount Olive Chapter No. 189, Royal Arch Masons, and also holds member- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 479 ship in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Advertising Club, the Cleveland Rotary Club and the Tippecanoe Club. Mr. Merville was married June 28, 1893, to Marietta Merville, a distant relative, a native of New York, and a daughter of Charles K. Merville, a carpenter and school teacher of the Empire State. To this union there has been born one daughter, Miss Pauline Barton, who lives with her parents. MISS CAROLINE T. ARNOLD. In educational circles of Cleveland there are few names better known, and deservedly so, than that of Miss Caroline T. Arnold, one of the proprietors of the Spencerian College. It had not been her intention to follow the career of an educator, but once launched upon her work in that profession, when still in young womanhood, she found it so fascinating and that it offered so broad a field for usefulness that she decided to make it her life work and has continued with constantly increasing success to contribute to the instruction of the youth of the city. Miss Arnold was born just prior to the beginning of the Civil war, at Elizabethport, New Jersey, her father being Jared Arnold, who served through that struggle as a nurse in field hospitals and was assistant to Dr. Julius F. Miner, of Buffalo, one of the most famous surgeons in the world. Mr. Arnold's ancestors were of Revolutionary stock, the family having come from England in 1628 and located at Haddam, Connecticut. The mother of Miss Arnold, Caroline (Tyrell) Arnold, a native of Vermont, served at her husband's side as a nurse during the Civil war, and gave her life to the cause, her death being directly due to her extreme exertions in behalf of the wounded soldiers. It was said by Doctor Miner that her worth to the Union army was that of any two surgeons on his staff. Her ancestors were very early settlers of Massachusetts, many of whom died in the attack on Deerfield, that state, but had originally settled in Vermont, about 1675 or 1676, and were of English-Belgian descent. Miss Caroline T. Arnold was educated in the graded, high and normal schools of Buffalo, New York, and almost immediately after her graduation from the latter became an assistant in the offices of the Bryant & Stratton Business College in that city, subsequently becoming a member of the teacher's staff. Taking up teaching was a matter of accident, as she had originally had no idea of Vol. II-31 following that vocation when she left school; but, as before noted, she came to love the work and has retained her affection for it throughout the years that have followed. During this time her work has carried her to a number of places and through some decidedly interesting experiences. She went to Juneau, Alaska, to establish a school at that point, until it was possible to persuade the Government to provide a combined grammar and high school. It was hard work to convince the United States Government that the school was a necessity, and it was through the efforts of United States Senator Shoup of Idaho that consent was finally received from Washington, and the school was established in 1900, being the first high school in all that part of the world. After the completion of the work in Alaska, Miss Arnold returned to Buffalo and taught for one year, and then, with E. E. Merville, took over the Spencerian School, at Cleveland, to the conduct of which she has since been devoting her best efforts. Miss Arnold has always had an ideal of what a school might be, and took up the work at the Spencerian School in the hope that some of her ideals might find realization. She modestly makes the statement that she and her partner have partially succeeded and are still striving toward the goal of perfection. She is still teaching in both the day and night schools, largely in mathematics and shorthand, as she has for thirty-three years, and in the occupation finds an outlet for her energies, as well as pleasure and recreation. The story of the Spencerian School, its wonderful success and all it stands for, will be found at length in the sketch of E. E. Merville, elsewhere in this work. Miss Arnold is a member of Trinity Cathedral and is interested in all branches of church work. For a long time she acted in the capacity of secretary of the Council of Women, and is now taking a great interest and giving close attention to the work of the Red Cross, and particularly to the branch connected with the Spencerian School. TOM LOFTIN JOHNSON, born Georgetown, Kentucky, July 18, 1854, son of Albert L. and Helen (Loftin) Johnson. Went to Indiana in boyhood; educated there; clerk in street railway office, Louisville, Kentucky, 1869-75; invented several street railway devices; bought a street railway in Indianapolis; later acquired large street railway in- 480 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS terests in Cleveland, Detroit and Brooklyn Also an iron manufacturer in Cleveland member of Congress 1891-95; democrat; prominent advocate of the "single tax" theories of late Henry George. Mayor of Cleveland four terms, 1901-10. He died April 10, 1911. Unless all hopes and aspirations, and the extremities of sacrifice in life and all that Life holds dear, count for naught, the world is moving nearer to democracy—a democracy that is not a political catchword but an approximation of equality of opportunity, wherein no arbitrary groups and special interests shall be "permitted to control the destinies and daily fortunes of men and nations." In the intense preoccupation of war it is perhaps inevitable that a temporary oblivion should obscure those lantern-bearers who hopefully and bravely illuminated a path of progress from age old conventions and restrictions of human liberty. But in all historic justice, such obscuration is not due Tom L. Johnson for he was em- phatically not only a force and factor in his own time but a man of tomorrow—the real lantern-bearer of progress. The libraries are filled with books depicting men and measures, systems and philosophies, current and respected ten years ago, and yet as strange and far away to the present perspective as are the constitutional debates of Webster and Clay. In contrast, the pages of "My Story" by Tom L. Johnson seem to contain in a smaller setting, a concise exposition of many of the forces and problems that on an immense stage grip the nations of the world in struggle. As revealed in his book Tom L. Johnson was one of a group of Ohio men in public life who rang a defiant challenge to the reactionaries of their generation and set in motion forces that have not yet come to equilibrium. While Tom L. Johnson was a successful busi- ness man he saw the light in the philosophy of Henry George and in his own experiences with the "invisible government" of "Big Business," and gave up his work as a street railway magnate and manufacturer to devote time and means to his ideals. While he was an idealist of the highest type, he was only content to be in the vanguard of action and to the very last was concerned with hard practical results though he viewed them as a part of the forward movement. Tom L. Johnson had the magnetic qualities of all great leaders, also the faculty of surrounding himself with able en. He had as his chief lieutenant Newton D. Baker who after his death followed his footsteps, into the mayor's chair and is now Secretary of War under Woodrow Wilson. There are thousands of men in Cleveland—many of undoubted power and influence—to whom the name Tom L. Johnson is sacred and who carry in their hearts the fire of civic righteousness and common justice kindled by their indomitable chief. Perhaps the chief aim of Mr. Johnson's fight was an equitable distribution of the burdens of taxation. During his term as mayor of Cleveland he did more to the end that taxes were levied equally upon rich and poor alike than was ever done in the entire previous history of the city. After an intense and bittcity-ruggle with "Big Business”—a struggle known as the. "Nine Years' War"—he secured three cent fare for Cleveland. He was the first advocate of two cent steam railroad fare in Ohio. At that time the idea was derided but he lived to see the day when two cent fare was the rate charged on the steam railroads of the state. Before his advent the steam railroads paid about as much taxes as they were willing to pay. As a result of his efforts they were compelled to pay on something like the real value of their property. When he was mayor of Cleveland the people for the first time learned that they really owned the public parks. Almost his first official act was to order down all the "Keep Off the Grass" signs. Formerly the parks were only accessible to the rich and those who could afford to ride through them in vehicles. Citizens were not even allowed to walk on the grass. He changed all this. Play grounds, base ball diamonds, tennis courts and all sorts of proper amusements were provided and the people under him came into their own. He established play grounds all over the city, public bath houses, built a modern municipal garbage plant, inaugurated the fight for the municipal light plant and three cent light which became a reality under Newton Baker, secured thirty cent natural gas against seventy-five cent artificial gas, conceived the idea of the Mall and grouping of public buildings which is now being worked out. Mr. Johnson's whole time was devoted to the welfare of the common man. He worked to the end that justice might prevail between CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 481 poor men and rich men: While his fight had was essentially against "Big Business" he no complaint against "Big Business" in its proper sense. What he complained about and what he fought against was the lack of vision on the part of "Big Business" that permitted it to attempt to take an unfair advantage over those with whom it came in contact. Mr. Johnson was several times a millionaire when he was elected mayor of Cleveland in 1901. He devoted himself so wholeheartedly to his work in Cleveland that he neglected his private interests with the result that he died in 1911 a comparatively poor man. This article for the History of Cleveland is not written to boost the sale of "My Story," which is accessible in every public library, but if anyone is interested in knowing Tom L. Johnson as one of the most picturesque figures in American business and public life there is only one source to be recommended —his own story. ARCH C. KLUMPH. Happy is the man who finds work early in life and brings to it all the resources of a trained mind and gifted personality, for his career is certain to redound not only to his personal benefit but to the welfare of the world at large. In 1884, when he was only fifteen years of age, Arch C. Klumph found his first place in the lumber business and that place has been growing year by year until he is today one of the most widely known lumber dealers in the Middle West. His first employment was as a bookkeeper with the firm of Perry Young & Company in Cleveland, and from one thing to another he was promoted until he was made secretary and finally manager of the company. In 1898 the business was reorganized as the Cuyahoga Lumber Company and Mr. Klumph remained as manager. In 1912, on the death of Robert Jenks, the president of the company, Mr. Klumph acquired all the outstanding holdings and became sole owner and proprietor and retaining the corporate organization, is also president.. The plant and offices are situated at 1948 Carter Road, and cover six acres of ground. It is easily one of the largest lumber plants in Cleveland and runs about fifth in size in volume of trade in the State of Ohio. Its business relations are largely with Cleveland and vicinity and about 150 people are on the payroll. Mr. Klumph has been a resident of Cleveland since early boyhood. He was born at Conneautville, Pennsylvania, June 6, 1869. His ancestors a number of generations ago were colonial settlers from Germany in New York, locating on Otsego Lake about 1760. His father, Morton Klumph, born at Springfield, New York, in 1841, was five years of age when in 1846 his parents moved to Conneautville, Pennsylvania, where he was reared and where he married and where he followed the mercantile business. In 1883 he brought his family to Cleveland, and their old home was established on Euclid Avenue at the site of the present Halle store. Morton Klumph in Cleveland was connected with the Travelers Insurance Company until his death, which occurred in September, 1917. He was a democratic voter and a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. In 1862 he enlisted in a Pennsylvania Regiment of Infantry and gave a creditable service until honorably discharged. Morton Klumph married Emma Cooper, who was born at Conneautville, Pennsylvania, in 1845 and is still living at Cleveland. There are three children: R. Clyde, a lumber broker at Cleveland ; Arch C.; and Maurice P., who is also in the lumber brokerage business at Cleveland. Arch C. Klumph received most of his education from the public schools of Conneautville. He was only thirteen when he left school and at the same time came to Cleveland and here went to work as a general office boy with the Travelers Insurance Company. He was with that firm about two years before he made his fortunate connection with the lumber business. Mr. Klumph has a number of important affiliations with Cleveland business affairs, is president of the Buckeye Box Company, president of the Security Savings and Trust Company, president of the Monticello Realty Company and president of the Lake Steamship Company. His home is at 9400 Euclid Avenue, and for his summer residence he has a home and thirty-acre farm at Bay Village. It is an assertion which could not be easily challenged that Mr. Klumph is probably the world's most distinguished rotarian, and when it is recalled that the Rotary clubs are made up of the highest and best class of business men that distinction is no slight one. Mr. Klumph was elected in 1916 president of the International Association of Rotary, one of the highest honors that could be conferred on any American business man. In September, 1918, he goes to England as ambassador 482 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of the International Association to .the Rotary Clubs of the British Isles, and is the first citizen of the United States to perform those functions. While abroad one of his tasks will be to establish a Rotary Club in Paris. Any man might take justifiable pride in such a testimonial as Mr. Klumph received recently, presented and signed by 400 of the leading business men of Cleveland- In slightly abbreviated form this reads as follows: "We, the committee of the Cleveland Rotary Club, are happy in having the privilege of offering for approval of the Club the following: Whereas, Arch C. Klumph was, more than five years ago, elected to membership in this club and during his first year of membership appointed delegate to the International Association of Rotary Clubs in annual convention assembled, the following year elected president of this club and in 1916 unanimously elected to the presidency of the International Association of Rotary Clubs; and, whereas: He has not only performed all duties appertaining to same in an excellent and acceptable manner but has set a standard of high order, or morality, business ethics and efficiency not excelled if ever equalled by any, and leaving for his successors in International Rotary a plainly marked guide to the ultimate success of Rotary in business, national and social interests; therefore be it resolved: That we, the Cleveland Rotary Club, do by public acknowledgment approve of the work of our fellow member Arch C. Klumph, in both local and international Rotary, given at a great sacrifice of time, effort and expense; that we reeommend his work to others both in official and membership life as an example of sacrifice and devotion worthy of emulation and hereby express our pride and satisfaction in the work he has so ably performed, representing as it does the high ideals that this Club has always endeavored to reach, and recommend his example to all members of Rotary wherever they may be; that we wish for him and all he holds dear long life, prosperity and happiness." The committee signing this consisted of C- F. Laughlin, John T- Wemple and John J. Wood. In 1918 Mr. Klumph was appointed chief of the Cleveland Division of the American Protective League, an organization associated with the Department of Justice, Bureau of Investigation. In politics Mr. Klumph is a democrat and is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. In 1898, at Cleveland, he married Miss Evelyn M.. Weideman, daughter of John J. and Mary (Matthews) Weideman. Her father is deceased and her mother lives with Mr. and Mrs. Klumph. The latter have two children, both daughters, Mary Weideman born January 4, 1902; and Catherine Cooper, born October 20, 1903. CAPT. HENRY J. JOHNSON. One of the veteran figures in lake transportation during the middle of the last century was the late Capt. Henry J. Johnson, who commanded a number of boats from Cleveland as the home port, and after retiring from the water identified himself actively with real estate and other interests at Cleveland until his death. Captain Johnson was born at Cleveland February 16, 1834. He lived past seventy years of age and died at his country home at Greenspring, fifty miles west of Cleveland, January 24, 1905- In 1850, when sixteen years of age, he commenced sailing on the Great Lakes. In 1853 he was mate of the "Wings of the Morning" with his cousin, Solon Rummage, as captain. In 1854, at the age of twenty, he took out his first boat with the rank of captain, this boat being the "T. P. Handy." Later he sailed the "N. C. Baldwin," "W. B. Ogden," "William Case" and the "Charles H. Walker." He was part owner of the "George H. Presley" and managing owner of the steamers "V. Swain," "H. B. Tuttle" and "Henry J. Johnson." His last work as a navigator was done in 1872, and following that he actively prosecuted his real estate interests. Besides considerable property within the city and in Lakewood Captain Johnson owned the Oak Ridge Health Resort at Greenspring, Ohio, and many thousands of people knew him as the genial proprietor of that property. Captain Johnson married in Cleveland Annie Campbell, daughter of Alexander and Annie (Nicholson) Campbell. Her parents were among the early residents of Cleveland. Mrs. Johnson's home is in the Oak Ridge Health Resort at Greenspring. This resort is still owned by the family. A brief record of their children is as follows: Winfield A., of Green-spring; Elwell L., who lives at Cleveland and is manager of the estate; Leslie H., of Green-spring; Everett C., of Greenspring; Alexander C., of Greenspring ; Russell V., who is probably the best known member of the family CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 483 in Cleveland, where he is now serving as city treasurer; Annie N., of Greenspring; and Henrietta M., wife of C. H. Cobb, of Lakewood. JOHN N. GODMAN is vice president of the Cummer Products Company of Cleveland. The Cummer products are some of the wares by which the name of Cleveland is in increasing measure associated in the minds of thousands and millions of people in different parts of the country. The Cummer Products Company is not one of the largest industries of Cleveland but its business has added materially to the aggregate assets of the city and its record one that reflects honor upon the Cleveland industrial community. The business was established in 1906 by James W. Cummer. The present officers of the company are: Charles A. Godman, president; John N. Godman, vice president; Carl W. Schaefer, secretary; and C. C. Smith, Jr., treasurer. The fine new office building and plant at 2150 West Fifteenth Street was erected for the express use and convenience of the company in 1912. The Cummer products may be described in general as dry cleaning preparations for leather, clothing and other goods, and consist of a number of widely advertised household products such as dressings and cleanings for all types of shoes, gloves, other fabrics, and their shoe dressings, dyes and cleaners are in use in thousands of American homes and in various commercial cleaning establishments. Mr. John N. Godman is one of the younger men in Cleveland's business affairs. He was born in this city December 28, 1892. His ancestors came out of England and settled in Virginia in colonial times. His father, Charles A. Godman, who is president of the Cummer Products Company, though not active in the business, was born at Cardington, Ohio, in 1858, and when he was about seven years of age his parents died and during the rest of his boyhood he lived in the home of his brother-in-law, W. H. Park. While there he attended public schools regularly, and at the age of seventeen, in 1875, started out to make his own way in the world. Coming to Cleveland, he entered the employ of the Strong-Cobb Company, wholesale druggists, and remained with that one house in faithful service and in varying responsibilities for twenty-seven years. His experience, his credit and his capital he then used to establish the Standard Drug Company of Cleveland, a well known retail and wholesale house of which he was president for ten years. The offices and plant of the Standard Drug Company were at Ninth Street and Bolivar Road. In 1914 Charles A. Godman retired from this business. He resides at 1861 East Seventy-fifth Street. Politically he is a republican. He married Minnie Shupe, who was born at Shiloh, Ohio, in 1867. Their children are Helen and John N. The daughter is the wife of William Wallace, who has the Cleveland agency for the Erie City Iron Works of Erie, Pennsylvania, and their home is at Overlook Road in Euclid Heights. John N. Godman was educated in the Cleveland public schools, and, like his father, his education was finished at the age of seventeen, when he went to work for the Sherwin & Williams Paint Company. He was with that corporation two years, spent a year with The Cleveland Tool & Supply Company, and then pursued a business course in Lane's Business School of Cleveland, from which he graduated in April, 1916. On joining the Cummer Products Company Mr. Godman started at the bottom, learned all the technical processes as well as the business details, and in his office as vice president of the company has. a thorough mastery of all branches of the business. Mr. Godman is a republican, a member of the Young Men's Business Club, and is rapidly becoming known among the larger commercial leaders of the city. On March 31, 1917, at Cleveland, he married Ethel Lewis, daughter of John and Ellen Lewis, retired residents at 1752 East Sixty-third Street in Cleveland. H. O. LEINARD. Business as well as life presents an infinite variety of experience, but a large number of men as a result of environment, special circumstances or personal inclination, seem destined to fall into one more or less narrow channel, and while they grow and achieve success their range of interests is always limited. It is in contrast with this usual condition that the career of H. 0. Leinard stands as an interesting exception. Mr. Leinard is active manager of the Ohio State Telephone Company of Cleveland, a very important executive office for a man of thirty-five, but in his years since boyhood he has become acquainted by practical work with half a dozen different vocations. Mr. Leinard was born at Bryan, Ohio, where his parents, Edgar A. and Minta 484 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS (Dick) Leinard, are still living. Both parents are natives of Ohio, and his father is a traveling salesman. H. O. Leinard was educated in the public schools of his native town and the high school at Kenton, Ohio. His father owned a farm and placed the boy in charge of its operations during his absence on the road, but after two years the son decided that farming was not his real forte, and he took a change of occupation, spending a year as a grocery delivery boy and another year as clerk in a department store. Later H. O. Leinard went to Galion, Ohio, where he found employment as clerk in the office of the superintendent of the Erie Railroad- A little later he supplemented his early education by attending night classes and learning the art of stenography. After a year he was transferred by the Erie Railway Company to Akron, where he worked as night clerk two months, then on the day force, and was advanced from file clerk to bill clerk and later to chief rate and route clerk. During a sixty days' leave of absence Mr. Leinard went out to Denver and on his return stopped at Cleveland and applied to the U. S. Telephone Company for a position- After that he went on back to Akron and resumed his old place with the railroad company, but at the end of a month was offered and accepted work as a timekeeper for the U. S- Telephone Company in Cleveland. Since his subsequent experience has been almost entirely in the telephone business it is proper to indicate the date of accepting this position. It was January 1, 1906. Two months later he was made clerk in the purchasing department, eight months later became purchasing agent. About that time the U. S. Telephone Company, a long distance service, was consolidated with the Cuyahoga Telephone Company. Under the consolidation he became chief clerk to the general auditor- Four months later he was made purchasing agent of the U. S. and Cuyahoga properties. When these companies were each given a distinct organization, he continued his services with the Cuyahoga Company as purchasing agent until 1910. In February of that year he was made treasurer and two years later secretary. In July, 1914, the Cuyahoga Telephone Company became the Ohio State Telephone Company. In this new and larger organization Mr. Leinard was made assistant treasurer and commercial superintendent, in charge of the accounting and commercial departments. Then on May 1, 1917, he was made Cleveland manager and that is his work at present, though with a man of his ability future changes for the better are a practical certainty- Mr. Leinard has made himself well known in Cleveland business and social circles. For the last eight or nine years he has been manager of the Electric Building, in which are the headquarters of the Ohio State Telephone Company. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Rotary Club, the Chamber of Commerce, is on the executive committee of the Wholesale Merchants and Manufacturers Board, a member of the Civic League, the West Side Chamber of Industry, the Cleveland Advertising Club, and has been treasurer and is now a director of the Electric League of Cleveland. He is active in the Cleveland Automobile Club. Fraternally he is affiliated with Akron Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Cleveland Council, Royal and Select Masters; and is a member of Al Sirat Grotto. Mr. Leinard married November 2, 1910, Margaret Wemm. Mrs. Leinard is a native of Youngstown, Ohio- They have one son, Charles Orville. JOHN MCGRATH, assistant treasurer of the Eberhard Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, has for a number of years been connected with this company, formerly in charge of its Cincinnati business but since 1906 at the home office and plant in Cleveland. Mr. McGrath was born at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 9, 1861, and represents some old and prominent names in that city and in other colonial lines in American history. He is a son of Dr. John M. and Eliza C. (Shinn) McGrath. The MeGraths came from Newton-Stewart, County Tyrone, Ireland. His grandfather, Robert H. McGrath, was the founder of this branch of the family in America and settled in Philadelphia about 1821. He died there in 1874. He was a dentist by profession and also a surgeon, being a regular graduate of the Jefferson Medical College. Through his mother, Eliza C. Shinn, Mr. McGrath is descended from several other interesting lines. The Shinns went originally from Scotland into England, and John Shinn landed at Burlington, New Jersey, then known as Bridlington, as early as 1698. A collateral branch of the Shinn family were the Stocktons. Mr. McGrath is directly descended from Richard Stockton, who CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 485 was great-grandfather of the Stockton signer of the Declaration of Independence. His mother's mother was descended from Governor Thomas Mayhew of Martha's Vineyard, Massachusetts. Altogether Mr. McGrath has eleven colonial ancestors who were men of more than ordinary prominence. Dr. John M. McGrath was a surgeon. He lived all his life in Philadelphia and was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania, both in the academic and medical departments. In the Civil war he was surgeon of the Seventy-eighth Pennsylvania Infantry and afterwards was brigade surgeon of the Seventh Brigade, commanded by General Negley in General Thomas' Corps. He was a charter member of the George G. Meade Post of the Grand Army at Philadelphia and also a member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion. He was strictly an old-line republican in politics and a member of the Episcopal Church. He was born at Philadelphia July 20, 1834, and died in that city August 21, 1905. Eliza C. Shinn was born at Haddonfield, New Jersey, December 20, 1836, and is now living with her son in Cleveland at the age of eighty-two. She was the mother of two children, John and Charles S. The latter died at the age of four years. Mr. John McGrath graduated in 1877 from the Protestant Episcopal Academy of Philadelphia and soon afterwards took up an active business career. For several years he traveled all over the west as salesman for a Philadelphia house. He has been connected with the Eberhard Manufacturing Company of Cleveland since January 1, 1888, having recently rounded out a service of thirty years. For a time he had charge of the sales office of the company at Cincinnati, but in 1906 came to Cleveland to live as assistant to the vice president, and since September 1914, has been assistant treasurer of the company. The Eberhard Manufacturing Company is one of the larger industries of Cleveland, makers of saddlery and carriage hardware. Mrs. Mc- Grath is also a director of the Cleveland Tanning Company. His participation in public affairs came chiefly during his residence at Wyoming in Hamilton County, Ohio. He served several years as member and president of the village council there and for five years was trustees of Springfield Township in Hamilton County. He is a republican voter, is past master of Wyoming Lodge No. 186, Free and Accepted Masons, and a member of Wyoming Chapter No. 146, Royal Arch Masons, and Cleveland Council No. 36, Royal and Select Masters. Mr. McGrath is deputy governor of the State of Ohio for the Society of the Colonial Wars. He and his family reside at 2131 Adelbert Road. He married at Hamilton, Ohio, November 16, 1892, Miss Jane Hargitt, daughter of Jarvis and Anna (Waldron) Hargitt. Her father was a farm owner and county official of Butler County, Ohio. Both her parents are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. McGrath had four children : John Champney, who was born July 20, 1894, and died November 1, 1911, at the age of seventeen ; Jervis Hargitt, born August 5, 1895, died June 14, 1897 ; Robert Hargitt, born May 28, 1901, a student in the University School of Cleveland ; and Dorothy Anne, born July 9, 1903, attending the Laurel School of Cleveland. SAMUEL WILLIAMSON was from 1866 until his death on January 14, 1884, president of the Society for Savings. One of the oldest as well as one of the largest financial institutions of the Middle West, a service of eighteen years as its president would of itself constitute an achievement that would place a man high in the dignities and honors of the business world. Samuel Williamson at the time of his death was the oldest living resident of Cleveland, had gained many honors as a lawyer and public official and the sixteen story Williamson Building seems an appropriate monument to a man of so many substantial characteristics. He was born in Crawford County, Pennsylvania, March 16, 1808, and was seventy-six years of age at the time of his death. He was the oldest son of Samuel Williamson, Sr., a native of Cumberland County, Pennsylvania, who settled in Crawford County along the western frontier about 1800. In Crawford County he married Isabella McQueen, and they became the parents of seven children. On May 10, 1810, the Williamson family came to Cleveland, where the family have lived more than a century. In that time the successive generations have participated in many of those activities which have created one of the best of American cities as well as one of the largest. Samuel Williamson, Sr., and his brother were engaged in the business of tanning and currying until his death in September, 1834. He was a man of enterprise and public spirit, highly esteemed as a citizen, liberal in politics and for many years justice of the peace and 486 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS associate judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Two years old when he came with the family to Cleveland, the late Samuel Williamson was educated in public schools of a primitive type. It is said that he was probably the first Cleveland youth to go away to college. In 1826 he entered Jefferson College in Washington County, Pennsylvania, from which he graduated in 1829. The following two years he read law in the office of Judge Andrews at Cleveland, being admitted to the bar in 1832. For two years he was associated in practice with Leonard Case. In 1834 he was elected auditor of Cuyahoga County and filled that office for eight years. For thirty years, with few interruptions, he was continuously engaged in the practice of law and most of that time in partnership with A. G. Riddle. In 1872 he gave up the arduous labors of his profession and thereafter gave much of his personal attention to the affairs of the Society for Savings. He was a type of man for whom public office meant a sacrifice and merely an opportunity conscientiously to serve the public welfare. In 1850 he was chosen to represent the county in the Legislature. In 1859-60 he was a member of the Board of Equalization, and in 1862 was elected to the State Senate, where he served two terms, being in the Legislature during the latter part of the war. He was also a member of the city council and on the board of education. For two years he held the office of prosecuting attorney. He was identified with some of the pioneer railways of the Middle West, being a director and at one time vice president and for many years attorney of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway. Of his business activities he doubtless derived the greatest satisfaction from his presidency of the Society for Savings from 1866 to 1884, an office which brought him into association with some of the greatest financiers and business men of Cleveland. The record of his life thus briefly told contains hardly a hint of the answer as to what manner of man he was, of his public and private character, and how it came about that so large a part of the public thoroughly reposed their confidence and trust in him, both as a lawyer and business man. Even his close friends found it difficult really to know him and properly appraise his true worth. His life was deep as well as broad, and for that reason some of the talents and forces which he exemplified deserve more attention and have greater value to the present generation than the mere catalog of his life routine. If for no other reason he was an exceedingly fortunate man because of the friendships he made and the type of men who reposed their confidence in him during his life and sought as best they could to express their appreciation after his death. It is not possible in this sketch to note the many tributes paid to his memory beyond the quotation of a few paragraphs that will serve to illustrate and define his nature and character. As to the broader elements and features of his experience, the most concise tribute was that of Judge Rufus P. Ranney, who said: "In many respects Mr. Williamson was a very extraordinary man. He was very ex- traordinary in the extent of his practical acquirements, derived from experience; very extraordinary in his temperament, character and persistent fidelity to duty. He had lived on this very spot seventy-four of the seventy-six years of his life. He had seen this place a mere hamlet of a few hundred inhabitants. He had seen generations come and go, until there was rolled up upon the ground that was surrounded by a wilderness in his childhood a city of twe hundred thousand inhabitants. I doubt if there is a man living who has so complete and perfect a knowledge of the growth of the city and of the men who have lived and played their parts in it as had Mr. Williamson. "He came to the Bar with no extraordinary or adventitious circumstances to give eclat or introduce him prominently before the public. He possessed none of those elements of genius and oratory which are sometimes used to obtain temporary reputations at least, and elevate men to high positions. His strength consisted in the fact that from the beginning to the end he brought to the discharge of duty labor, integrity, industry and fidelity to all the great trusts that had been imposed upon him through a long life. "Whetber as a practicing lawyer, a county officer, a legislator, or finally, during the last years of his life, presiding over one of the largest institutions in our city, with immense responsibilities to the poor and those of small means, he has traveled through life without leaving a suspicion upon any man's mind that in the discharge of any of the duties which these places imposed he has not been faithful and honest to the utmost. It has this great teaching in it—this is the good of being here, and it is the lesson that should be laid to the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 487 heart of every young man who is starting out in the profession that fidelity, honesty, integrity and industry will lead to that permanent elevation in public estimation, which is worth a thousand times more than all those evanescent causes which sometimes make men shine in community. That is the lesson, and no man's example can be more safely presented to the young to follow than that of Mr. Williamson." But the interpretation of the man himself, as due through his many varied relationships with life, is best revealed in the words of his old law partner, A. G. Riddle. "As Samuel Williamson the lawyer" Mr. Riddle says : "In dealing with a case his sole object was to get at the right of it—if a moral question was involved, as there is more seldom than the world supposes—when there was that was the one thing to be advanced. His client could have no interest to be furthered at the expense of a moral right. No other consideration was permitted to influence him. "His mastery of the law was very complete. He was learned in the good sense of the term. He never discussed a legal proposition without lighting up its focal point, doing it in the fewest, most direct words. He was reluctant to appear before juries, where his rare integrity made him a real power. He had a good deal more. In nothing was he more misjudged by the average man than in his ability as an advocate. He rarely spoke more than thirty or forty minutes before juries, in that time saying all that really had any right to be said, and this was in the cleanest and best manner, a silver thread going directly to the heart of the matter and leading out to a just conclusion ; his language simple, direct, never lacking, 'manner earnest, sincere, sometimes warm, the fewest, best words. The course of his speech was narrow, not overflowing, was direct, limpid, without amplification or illustration ; no figures, no repetition, no dwelling upon, everything brought out clearly and in logical order, and with the last word of real light he sat down ; not an address for the average jury, but for the highest intelligence ; to the few of the bar, the trained court, admirable, yet not always appreciated by them at its just value- "His arguments to the court were always happy, often strong and in the terseness of language and legal logic beautiful. The real point was made clear, its decisive character shown and books and cases that only approached it had no part in his argument. His proper place was upon the bench, his mind eminently judicial, with a controlling moral bias for the right." "There never was a man, however," declares Mr. Riddle, "so imperfectly known to the mass of men among whom he lived save on the moral side of his nature and character. It was not that he was secretive; never was a man more frank and open to those who would quietly pursue and cultivate him in the fastnesses, so to say, of his rich, retiring nature. Modest to diffidence, his accurate mind must have confided in its own conclusions, which, though cautious, were rapidly made. The mind was quick, though prudent, from nature not assertive. "A good reader of men whose confidence he easily gained, it never occurred to him to use them for purposes of his own. Indeed, he never had a selfish purpose to be served. Not revealing himself as many do, seeming not to be conscious that he had qualities that men would like to know, nor yet hiding himself as having nothing he would conceal. It was often said to me by the late Judge Andrews, as some ray of the inner man shot forth, 'You and I are the only ones who fully know Williamson.' "To the world he was the unassertive, silent, retiring man, whose one revealed quality of absolute integrity commended him—that and his kindness. For the rest he had credit for rare good sense, sagacious judgment, was steady, unambitious, cold. "To the very few his was the gentlest, tenderest spirit that ever animated a man's form, pure and lofty, an intellect of the first order. In its power of discrimination remarkable, its grasp of a subject secure, its conclusions as nearly infallible as man's may be; withal there was a keen, playful sense of the ludicrous side of men and things which no man saw quicker or enjoyed more heartily, and if he did not puncture men's wind-bags it was from the rare kindness of his nature, no man saw them quicker or appreciated them more entirely. " Samuel Williamson had a splendid religious character and experience. While he never made a profession of religion, he was constant in attendance and devotion to Sabbath worship in the Old Stone church, and for twenty-three years was president of the First Presbyterian Church Society. In 1843 he married Mary E. Tisdale, of Utica, New York, 488 - CLEVELAND. AND ITS ENVIRONS who survived him with three sons: Judge Samuel E. Williamson ; George T. Williamson ; and James D. Williamson. In the words of Judge Ranney, previously quoted, "I know of no man of whom it may be more justly and rightfully said that he performed his whole duty, he ran his race successfully and properly, and died as he had lived, an honest man." JUDGE SAMUEL E. WILLIAMSON. With many of the abilities and all of the moral strength and character of his honored father as an inheritance, Samuel Eladsit Williamson achieved that unusual distinction of re-enforcing and improving upon the abundance of qualities and virtues with which he began life, so that at the time of his death he might easily and justly have been counted among any group however exclusive that represented the best learning and power of the American bar. He was born in Cleveland April 19, 1844, and died February 21, 1903. He graduated from Western Reserve College in 1864, studied law with his father, and finished his course in the Harvard Law School in 1866. In 1880 he was elected to the Common Pleas Bench, but resigned in September, 1882, to become general counsel for the Nickel Plate Railroad. In 1898 he was promoted to general counsel for the New York Central Railroad, and continued as head of the legal department of one of the greatest of American railroad systems until his death. He always retained his home in Cleveland, and one of the distinguishing features of his life was his great loyalty to and affection for the city of his birth. He was one of the founders of the University School of Cleveland, was a trustee of Adelbert College and Western Reserve University, for many years a trustee of the Society for Savings and of the Old Stone Presbyterian Church. As was true of his honored father, he was frequently sought as administrator and executor of large estates. In 1878 he married Miss Mary Peabody Marsh of New Haven, Connecticut, who died in 1881, leaving twin daughters, Mary and Ethel. In 1884 Judge Williamson married Miss Harriet W. Brown of East Windsor, Connecticut, and by that wife was the father of a son Samuel B- Williamson. It was in keeping with his high character as a great American lawyer that men from all over the nation paid tribute to him at the time of his death. At a meeting of the Cleveland Bar Association its chairman, Judge John C. Hale, briefly reviewed his career as follows : "He came to the bar in 1867, thoroughly equipped by his intellectual endowment and his accurate knowledge of the law. His first work at the bar was that of a general practitioner in this city, where he soon attained a marked success. His professional work during the first years of his practice was such as to place him in the ranks of the good lawyers of the state. His unswerving integrity, his power of analysis, with the intuitive ability to judge the character of men, and the confidence he always inspired in both court and jury, made him a formidable trial lawyer, and as a safe and wise counselor he had no superior. No client's cause was ever neglected by him or poorly represented. It was my pleasure on many occasions to listen to his arguments in eases involving important questions of law, and to observe his methods and his power. After more than ten years at the bar he was selected as one of the judges of the Court of Common Pleas of this county. No better man ever occupied the bench of that court. His knowledge of the law, his logical and discriminating mind, his innate love of justice fitted him for, and he was in fact, an ideal judge. At the close of two years he left the bench to assume other and very important duties which were to be entrusted to him. Increasing demands upon his professional services followed. Although much of his time was employed in his duties as general counsel for one of the great railroads of the country he still found time for general practice and was often engaged in important litigation ; and, more than that, he took the time to advise, counsel and assist, without compensation, many who turned to him in their troubles for aid. Step by step he advanced in his professional work, until during the last four years of his life he held and, except when disabled by sickness, fully performed the duties of a position second in importance to none in the country in the line of his profession. His entire professional work was performed with credit to himself and profit to his clients. He was self-reliant, and to this much of his success is due. He had, with entirely good reason, confidence in his own judgment. He reached conclusions by methods which rarely led him astray, and when his judgment was once formed he had no hesitation in following it. This is characteristic of great men, a class to which rarely led him astray, and when his judgement was once CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 489 formed he had no hesitation in following it. This is characteristic of great men, a class to which he belonged.” A few sentences may also be quoted from resolutions passed by the Bar Association : "He was entrusted with the management of cases of great magnitude--involving the investigation and argument of new and difficult questions growing out of the law of corporations. Especially was he known as thoroughly versed in the law governing railroad corporations; and the confidence inspired in those who controlled, in a large measure, the gigantic railroad interests of our country, is well attested by their seeking his advice and guidance. * * * Yet, amid the engrossing labors of his profession, he did not slight the 'fair humanities,' for, 'He was a scholar and a ripe and good one.' But he was a scholar without pedantry—half concealing and half disclosing the fruits of careful scholastic training, and of an habitual reading of the choicest literature. His memorial of Judge Rufus P. Ranney, read before the Ohio State Bar Association in 1892, is a literary portraiture of mind and character worthy of the highest art, as well as of the most discriminating judgment. "The elements were so combined in Judge Williamson that Nature might stand up and say that he was an exemplar worthy of imitation by all who came within the sphere of his influence. He was a never-failing friend and thereby drew around him a large circle of admiring and devoted friends. His integrity was of the loftiest kind. He was imbued with the most delicate sense of professional honor, and never forgot that. while striving to achieve victory for a client, his duty as an attorney did not require him to sacrifice his convictions of right and justice. His code of daily duty was not drawn from the oracles of human wisdom alone, but came also from the divine oracles of Christian truth." Mr. John H. Clarke, one of his law partners of later years, writing to Judge Williamson's brother, said "Speaking of him distinctly as a lawyer, the single quality which to me marked your brother above all other lawyers that I have known was the all but unerring certainty with which, without turning to the books, he would determine what the law was, even of the Most novel and complicated case. Of course, at the time of which I am speaking, he had behind him long years of study and professional experience, so that it was the highly trained legal mind and judgment that he was bringing to bear upon the questions before him. But even so the validity of his conclusions was such as to place him certainly among the very first of the greatest lawyers with whom I have come in contact in twenty-five years of practice. "In all my acquaintance with Judge Williamson I can recall having heard him speak harshly of but one man—and he deserved it. He was helpful with advice and assistance to young men and old among his professional brethren, and without exception they accorded to him a position of respect and esteem entirely unusual and unique in my experience. His kindly bearing never failed him, save when some act or word offended his high standards of personal or professional conduct or morality, and then a severely resolute rebuke, in court or out of it, warned the offender in manner not to be forgotten against its repetition. He was gentle of manner, but always sternly severe in maintaining ‘the faith he kept with his convictions. and ideals of duty.' "This, above all others, is the impression which this really great man, as distinguished from the great lawyer that he was, left upon one of those nearest to him in professional life, while in the fullest strength of his powers : "There is nothing so kingly as kindness, There is nothing so loyal as truth." JAMES DELONG WILLIAMSON is now executive vice president of the Society for Savings of Cleveland. He has been more or less actively identified with that old and honored financial institution for many years, and since April, 1912, has been performing the duties of his present office. One of the corporate members of this financial institution was Samuel Williamson, who held the office of president of the society from 1866 to 1884. He was the father of James DeLong Williamson. He also had the distinction of being the first president of the society to receive a regular salary. James DeLong Williamson was born March 12, 1849, at the old Williamson homestead, which stood on Euclid Avenue next to the Public Square and on the site now occupied by the sixteen-story Williamson office building. He is a son of Samuel and Mary Eladsit (Tisdale) Williamson. Both the Williamson and Tisdale families were among the pioneers of Cleveland. 490 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS James D. Williamson attended the Cleveland public schools and Western Reserve College, graduating A. B. in 1870, and then, having chosen a career as minister, he attended Andover and Union Theological seminaries, graduating from Union Seminary in 1875. In 1901 Wooster University conferred upon him the honorary degree D. D. Mr. Williamson was active in the ministry from the date of his graduation from Union Seminary until 1901. He was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Norwalk, Ohio, from 1875 to 1884, and was pastor of the First Presbyterian Church at Warren from 1885 to 1888 and of Beckwith Memorial Presbyterian Church of Cleveland from 1888 to 1901, when he resigned from active work as a minister. This church is now consolidated with the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church. Soon after his retirement from his pastorate he became associated with the Society for Savings in Cleveland as a member of its board of trustees and its finance committee. During the two years that former Governor Myron T. Herrick was ambassador to France Mr. Williamson served as president pro tem. of the society. Mr. Williamson has constantly found time for a large usefulness in the community in behalf of various institutions in addition to his duties as vice president of the Society for Savings. He is treasurer of the Welfare Federation of Cleveland, formerly the Cleveland Federation for Charity and Philanthropy. He is a member of the Country Club, the Union Club, the University Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Civic League, and is now president of the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church board of trustees. Politically he is a republican. Mr. Williamson has given generously of his time and means for the promotion of charitable and educational work, and is a trustee of the Western Reserve University, the Lake Erie College, the Hiram House, and president of the Cleveland Foundation Committee. He has also traveled extensively both in this country and abroad. At Elyria, Ohio, August 4, 1875, Mr. Williamson married Miss Edith Day Ely, member of one of the oldest families of Northern Ohio. She is a daughter of the late Heman Ely, whose father founded and gave the name to the City of Elyria, Ohio. They are the parents of three children living and one deceased. Frederick E. is now general superintendent of the New York Central terminals in New York. Arthur P. is treasurer of the Dill Manufac turing Company of Cleveland.. The daughter, Ruth Ely, is still at home. The sons were born in Norwalk, Ohio, and the daughter at Cleveland. The sons graduated from Yale University. The daughter attended the Hathaway-Brown School at Cleveland and the Bennett School of New York. HARRY H. MULHOLLAND for a long period of years traveled over probably two-thirds of the states of the Union as a manufacturers' agent, but in 1912 made his permanent headquarters at Cleveland, where he has since followed the undertaking business, a business in which he had engaged prior to going on the road. Mr. Mulholland was born in Monroe County, Michigan, February 23, 1868. He represents one of the pioneer families in the southeastern corner of Michigan. He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry and his people came to America and settled in one of the New England colonies more than a century ago. His grandfather, James Mulholland, was born in New England in 1800, and in early life moved west and acquired some extensive tracts of Government land in Monroe County, Michigan. He was there when nearly all the inhabitants were either the early French or the Indians, and his family was several times in danger because of the presence of hostile Indians. He did his work as a farmer and died at Erie in Monroe County in 1876. James Mulholland, Jr., father of Harry H., was born at Erie, Michigan, in 1836, and has spent all his life in that section, being now eighty-two years of age. In his time he farmed extensive tracts of land and did it well. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church. He married Miss Anna Hall, who was born at Erie, Michigan, in 1843 and died there in 1906. Their children were ; Stella, wife of Ira E. Wood, a farmer at Chelsea, Michigan ; Harry H.; and Carrie, wife of Lin H. Kirtland, a farmer at Erie, Michigan. Harry H. Mulholland was educated in the rural schools near Erie, and spent the first twenty-two years of his life on his father's farm. He also attended the Michigan Agricultural College at Lansing for one year. His first independent undertaking was in the nursery business at Monroe, where he continued for five years. After that he engaged in the undertaking business at Monroe for three years, and then went on the road as a manufacturer's agent. For fifteen years he cov- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 491 ered thirty-five states and a part of Canada, and went over this extensive territory at least twice annually. Mr- Mulholland came to Cleveland in 1912 to engage in the undertaking business. He is a democrat, as was his grandfather and father before him. Mr. Mulholland and family reside at 3531 Prospect Avenue. He married at Erie, Michigan, in 1890, Miss Mary E. Hall, daughter of Mr. and Mrs- Charles A. Hall, deceased. Her father was a harness maker at Erie. Mr. and Mrs. Mulholland have one son, James, who graduated from the Miami Military Institute, also attended Western Reserve University and took special work in Toledo and is now serving with the rank of lieutenant with the United States forces in France. FRED ROLLIN WHITE was born in Cleveland February 17, 1872, a son of Rollin Charles and Sarah Elizabeth White. After attending the public school of his native city he entered Cornell University and graduated in 1895 with the degree LL. B. For a time he was engaged in the real estate business, but became financially and personally identified as one of the founders with the Baker Motor Vehicle Company and has thus been, in the field of automobile manufacture for twenty years- He was also one of the founders of and is a member of the American Ball Bearing Company. Mr. White is a republican, and a member of the Union, University, Country and Chagrin Valley Hunt clubs. June 25, 1910, at Cleveland, he married Miriam Norton, daughter of Mr. and Mrs- David Z. Norton. They have two children, Frederick R. White, Jr., and Mary Carolyn White. FRANK A. SCOTT. The present generation at least will have no difficulty in identifying and distinguishing Frank A. Scott among the citizenship of Cleveland. A lifelong resident of the city, lifting himself through early struggles and hard work to position and influence, he was a number of years secretary of the Chamber of Commerce and vice president and treasurer of the Warner & Swazey Company. Then when the nation, at war with Germany, required the services of executive men, Mr. Scott was called to Washington to serve as chairman of the General Munitions Board, and that service constituted him a really national figure. As a matter of history, and as a record that will be reviewed and referred to in later years, it should be stated that Frank Augustus Scott was born in Cleveland March 22, 1873, a son of Robert Crozier and Sarah Ann (Warr) Scott. When he was ten years of age his father died, and from that time forward he had to make his own way in the world- For two years he arose before four o'clock in the morning to deliver newspapers, and also carried a bundle of the afternoon editions. Only once did illness prevent him from making his usual rounds. At the age of twelve he became a messenger boy for the Western Union Telegraph Company, and later was detailed to deliver Associated Press dispatches to the newspapers. His next promotion was an assignment to carry telegrams to the general offices of a local railway system. Then he was made office boy to a local freight agent, where it is said he had to stand on a box in order to work the letter press. An eagerness to learn everything going on about him and above him was the chief reason for regular promotion to larger duties. He was made clerk in the freight office, and in time became a specialist in freight rates, a subject which requires a mind capable of mastering complicated detail. During this time Mr. Scott was acquiring the equivalent of a high school education- Dr. John H. Dynes of Western Reserve University was tutoring him in Latin, History and English branches, and while Mr. Scott never had a college degree his training was that which such a degree is supposed to signify. The work and experience thus briefly noted covers that time of life up to his majority. About the time he was able to vote he was employed as an expert on the subject of freight rates by the Standing Committee on Transportation of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. In 1895, at the age of twenty-two, he was appointed assistant secretary of the Chamber, and in 1899 was elected secretary, an office he filled until 1905. With the advent of Mr. Scott as its secretary the Chamber of Commerce passed into the second stage of its existence. Heretofore it had been largely concerned with preparations for work—in building a foundation for future accomplishments. Under his broad and energetic management the organization became the power in the community which its founder's had hoped it might become. His administration of its affairs gave him a high rank among the organizers of the country and placed. the Chamber of Commerce first 492 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS on the list of such organizations in America. When he resigned from the Chamber of Commerce in 1905 it was to accept the office of secretary and treasurer of the Superior Savings and Trust Company, when it was organized byCol-. Jeremiah J. Sullivan, one of Cleveland's greatest bankers. Mr. Scott was with the Superior Savings and Trust Company three years. During 1908-09 he was receiver of the Municipal Traction Company of Cleveland. In 1909 he joined forces with two other great Cleveland business men, W. R. Warner and Ambrose Swasey, as an officer in the Warner & Swasey Company, manufacturers of machine tools, astronomical instruments, range finders, gun sights, etc. Thus. one of Cleveland's greatest industrial institutions came under the management of Frank A. Scott, who was at that time only thirty-five years of age. Mr. Scott is a trustee of Western Reserve University, director of the Cleveland Humane Society, treasurer of the Lakeside Hospital ; is a member of the Rowfant and Union clubs of Cleveland, Army and Navy and Chevy Chase clubs, Washington, D. C., and Engineers Club of New York, and also belongs to the Cleveland Engineering Society and the American Society of Mechanical Engineers. He is a republican in polities and a member of the Episcopal Church. In 1896, in Cleveland, Mr. Scott married Bertha Dynes, of Cleveland, who died in 1909, the mother of three children, Katharine B., Chester B. and Eleanor L. In 1911 Mr. Scott married Faith A. Fraser, of Cleveland. Mr. Scott has long been known as one of the foremost apostles of military preparedness. Around him have centered many of the movements in Cleveland and in the state to put this nation into a condition of efficiency with respect to the military and naval arms, and from the outbreak of the great war in Europe he was exerting every influence he possessed to that end. Before the outbreak of the war with Germany he was member of a naval consulting board, part of the larger organization of the national experts from all fields of industry who were surveying and coordinating the national resources. Then, in April, 1917, Mr. Scott was named through the Council of National Defense as head of a general munitions board, and in July, when the War Industries Board was created, consisting of five members, Mr. Scott was appointedchairman-. At the time the creation of a War Industries Board was called "the most encouraging administrative event that has happened since the war begun." And now, more than a year later, when America's part in the war is beginning to tell from the official reports from the battle front, it is not presumptuous to give a considerable share of the credit for America's military efficiency to the work of that board, headed by Mr. Scott of Cleveland. No one would accuse Mr. William Hard of being a tender hearted critic of men and affairs at Washington. What he said concerning the personnel of this board and Mr. Scott in particular stands out conspicuously among the many severe denunciations which flowed from his pen during the first year of the war. In an article written for the New Republic in August, 1917, Mr. Hard had some things to say about Mr. Scott which are perhaps the most concise interpretation of his character and mental makeup and which his closest friends of Cleveland would justify in every particular."Mr. Scott," to quote a portion of Mr. Hard's article, "has already accomplished what was said at Washington to be impossible. He has aroused a stir of personal enthusiasm, first for the General Munitions Board and now for the War Industries Board, in the breasts of certain critical and crucial military men in the War Department who, it was thought, were obdurate to the charms of any civilian intrusions into military affairs. They were not obdurate to the charms of Mr. Scott. "He turned out, for one thing, to be a war fan, capable of conversing at length on the battles of the Civil War, the Mexican War, the Revolutionary War and other wars, thus demonstrating the horse sense of his mental interests. In consequence of these interests he turned out also to have a most genuine admiration and liking for military men, and from the day of his arrival in Washington he has been as zealous for the indispensability of military technical knowledge as for the indispensability of civilian commercial technical knowledge in the purchasing of war supplies. He has been a positively providential bridge between the civilian and the military ways of thinking. "Further, he is a very great diplomat. He must have been born a diplomat, but he additionally served ten years as secretary of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce before he became secretary and treasurer and manager of the Warner & Swasey Company. That is, he learned to deal with groups of men over CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 493 whom he had no power of 'hire-and-fire' before he became an employer. He was, in essence, a politician before he became a businessman. By temperament and by experience he walks unautocratically and sure-footedly through many places in Washington where many 'I say to one man go and he goeth and to another man come and hecomethh' business men have stumbled and fallen. "And he is a man of excellent executive ability. It has been marked not only by his colleagues but by members of foreign technical missions, several of whom picked him out a long time ago as the most probable man in sight to be selected finally to be the head of our American munitions activities. Part of his ability is related to his diplomacy. It is this remarkable unclouded temper of his mind. He has a most curious way of withdrawing his mind from one object and of then focusing it on another so definitely, so deliberately, that one can almost hear the accompanying click. It is more than a mannerism. It is a method, conscious or unconscious. The result of it is that his mind never gets blurred by impressions. He takes them in sequence, uses them and files or discards them. At the end of a day he is usually as receptive and forceful as he was at the beginning." Mr. Scott was with the War Industries Board long enough to impart to it much of his personal force and spirit, and it was a matter of nation wide regret when ill health compelled him to resign October 26, 1917. In his letter of resignation to Secretary of War Baker he said: "With the deepest regret and only because I am experiencing a recurrence of a serious physical difficulty from which I suffered in 1912, I submit my resignation from the chairmanship of the War Industries Board." In reply Secretary Baker said: "I take leave to assure you that we deeply appreciate the self sacrifice as well as the value of the service you have rendered and count it a most fortunate thing for the Government that it was able to have your knowledge, zeal and splendid spirit as a part, of the organization which faced the early and difficult task of industrial organization of the war." WILLIAM WOLTMAN. While the Woltman Carriage & Wagon Company at East Thirty-third Street and Woodland Avenue is not among the largest of the great industries of Cleveland, it is the second oldest wagon and carriage factory in the city, and for over forty years an organization has been maintained with equipment and expert personnel for the manufacture of vehicles of the highest type and grade, and the aggregate volume of the business has been such as to give it a highly honorable place among Cleveland's manufacturing concerns. The founder of the business and its active head during all its years has been Mr. William Woltman. A resident of Cleveland since childhood, he was born in the Kingdom of Hanover, Germany, October 20, 1849, son of George and Maria (Engelman) Woltman. His father was born in Hanover in 1821, was a mechanic by trade, and brought his family to the United States in 1853. He lived in New York City and died there in 1856. His widow, who was born in Hanover, brought her children to Cleveland in 1856, soon after his death, and she lived here the rest of her days. Her children were: William; Mina, who married HenryStockhauss, a mechanic, both of whom died in Cleveland; and Robert a mechanic living at Cleveland. William Woltman was seven years old when he came with his mother to Cleveland he grew up here in rather humble circumstances and could attend public sehool only to the age of thirteen. After that he helped support the little family and at the age of sixteen began his work in a carriage factory and has been identified with that one line of business ever since. It was in 1874 that he established what is now the Woltman Carriage & Wagon Company. The business was incorporated in 1906 under the laws of Ohio, and its officers are : Mr. Woltman, president, secretary and treasurer, and Mrs. M. 3. Woltman, his wife, vice president. Mr. and Mrs. Woltman have in fact carried most of the business burdens of this industry through all the years, and its success is a high tribute to their energy and ability. The output of the company is now to a large extent automobile bodies, and it also has a large equipment for the repair of carriages and wagons. Mr. Woltman is a republican voter. He is affiliated with Concordia Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar; and Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite.. He and his family reside at 800 East Ninety-ninth Street.Mr. Woltman married at Cleveland in 1870 Miss Mary J. McDowell. She was born at Troy, New York. They have 494 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS two children, daughters. Belle is the wife of L. H. Stoeltzing, residing on East Ninety-Ninth Street. Mr. Stoeltzing is an accountant with the White Automobile Company. The second daughter, Charlotte Marie, married George L. Kuheek and they live on East One Hundred and Eighteenth Street. Mr. Kubeck is with the Pittsburgh Steamship Company. ADRIAN D. JOYCE. Every business man is at heart a salesman but it has been left to a comparatively small group of talented men to raise the art of salesmanship to a profession. A salesman and a sales manager and executive par excellence in Cleveland is Adrian D. Joyce, president of the Glidden Company. Mr. Joyce, who was formerly general manager of sales and distribution for the Sherwin-Williams Company, paint manufacturers, in 1917 organized the Glidden Company. This corporation purchased the stock and assets of the Glidden Varnish Company of Cleveland, the Glidden Varnish Company, Limited, of Toronto, Canada, the Forest City Paint & Varnish Company of Cleveland, and the Whittier-Coburn Company of San Francisco, ('alifornia. Mr. Joyce is president of the new institution, whose products, paints, varnishes and Jap-a-lac stains and enamels are known all over the world. A leading paper recently spoke of the plans under way for the broadening of the new concern and extending its business into new fields. The Glidden Company is emphasizing the manufacture of paints as well as varnishes, and with increased capital, enlarged equipment, and an extended sales force, and the addition of many new paint specialties the new company has assumed a dormant place in the trade. It is this company that manufactures the internationally known Jap-a-lac Household Finishes. Under the present management the entire line of paint and varnish products will be grouped and advertised under the name "Glidden." Adrian D. Joyce was born in Sumner. Iowa, November 18, 1872, a. son of M. H. and Anna S. Joyce. In 1873, when he was six months old, his parents moved to Memphis, Macomb County, Michigan, where some of his youthful years were spent and where he attended public school until fifteen. His school days were spliced with hard work, and he did considerable farm work for wages and carried on his studies at night when physically tired. After attaining proper qualifications he taught school in Macomb County and when he left that location at the end of three years was principal of a school at Warren. He also continued study with a view to entering the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor, where he spent a year in the school of law and commerce. He may have had some idea of becoming a lawyer, but he abandoned it and going to Macomb County, Michigan, engaged for himself in the wholesale grain and produce business. At the age of twenty-six Mr. Joyce was in Chicago, where he was employed as assistant manager of the fertilizer department of Swift & Company until 1901. In that year he formed his first connection with the paint organizations, when he went on the road as salesman for the Sherwin-Williams Company of Cleveland. In 1904 he was called to the home office as manager of the city sales department. Three months later another recognition of his ability was made when lie was transferred to Kansas City as manager of that sales division for a year. The next promotion was to district manager for the Southwestern district, but two years later he returned to Cleveland and became assistant general manager, and a year after that was promoted to general manager of the department of sales and distribution. In 1916 in addition to these responsibilities he was elected a director and member of the executive board of this great paint manufacturing company. These offices he continued to hold until he retired to enter upon his present duties. Another evidence of his salesmanship and of a more public nature came in the spring of 1917, when with two thousand workers under him Mr. Joyce evolved one of the greatest sales organizations ever in action, and made it possible for Cleveland to rank far ahead of any other city in the country of its size and population in the matter of subscriptions for the Liberty Bonds. In passing it may be mentioned that Secretary of the Treasury, McAdoo, sent Mr. Joyce a very complimentary letter commending him and his organization for the splendid work accomplished in this campaign. Mr. Joyce is a member of the Union Club, Mayfield Country Club, the Country Club, and belongs to the Masonic Order. He is a republican in politics and a member of the Unitarian Church. June 9, 1897, at Leroy, New York, he married Miss Anna Page. They have four children: Marion., a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown School of Cleveland and of Bradford CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 495 Academy for Girls at Bradford, Massachusetts ; Dwight, aged eighteen, a graduate of the University School of Cleveland and while there business manager for the University News, and in 1918 entered the University of Michigan ; Dorothy, a student in the Hathaway-Brown School for Girls; and Phyllis, who is also in that well known Cleveland private. school. HENRY M. MOLDER. One of the leading citizens of Bedford is Henry Si. Molder, manager of the mammoth foundry operated there by the Best Foundry Company, and additionally is manager of their great factory conducted under the name of the Federal Foundry Company at Indianapolis, Indiana. These plants are of vast importance in the industrial field, and their wise and efficient management, with their many hundreds of workmen, means continued prosperity covering a wide territory. Mr. Molder has been identified with these corporate interests since 1905. Henry M. Molder was born at Cleveland, Ohio, September 16, 1866. His parents were Henry and Susan (Holtzworth) Molder. Henry Molder was born in Germany, in December, 1836, but left that country when twelve years old and came to the United States and located at what is now Linndale, near Cleveland, in 1848. At that time the boy found farm work there but much of that section is now included in the city limits of Cleveland. He remained there until the opening of the Civil war, when he enlisted as a private in the Twenty-third Ohio volunteer infantry, and as comrades had William McKinley and James A. Garfield, and they fought in many engagements side by side, participating in the battle of Lookout Mountain and many others, Mr. Molder remaining in the service for four years. Although Mr. Molder and both of his distinguished comrades in arms safely passed through the many dangers of war, he is the only survivor, for tragic deaths met both of the others along peaceful ;paths. After he returned from the war Mr. Molder was employed in the meat business with George Ross & Company on Ontario Street, and remained there until he retired from business activity in 1897, and about that time went to live in the home of his son Henry M. Molder. He was married to Susan Holtzworth, who was born in Germany and came to the United States when fourteen years old and died at Cleveland in 1896. They had the following children : Henry M. ; George, Vol II-32 who is employed as a pattern-maker and lives at Cleveland ; Edward, who is foreman of the Cleveland Foundry Company ; Kitty, who married Robert Crooks, and both are deceased ; the entire family being well known and well connected. Henry M. Molder attended school at Cleveland until he was fifteen years of age and then started to learn the pattern-making trade and worked for twelve years with the Taylor & Boggis Foundry Company, Cleveland, and then went with the Interstate Foundry Company and for five years was foreman of their pattern department. In 1905 he accepted the position of superintendent for the Best Foundry Company and shortly afterward was made manager of their foundry at Bedford and also their equally important factory at Indianapolis. Mr. Molder thus has under his supervision two thoroughly equipped plants and almost a thousand workmen, 350 being employed in Indianapolis and 640 at Bedford. Many qualifications are needed beside technical knowledge to insure the smooth running of such large industrial plants, and apparently Mr. Molder possesses these, for no trouble has developed under his management and business prosperity has been continuous. Mr. Molder was married November 27, 1912, at Cleveland, to Miss Helen I. Lockwood, who was born in Bedford, and is a daughter of Max and Eliza (Batt) Lockwood, the latter of whom resides at Bedford. The father of Mrs. Molder was in the United States Postal service prior to his death. Mr. and Mrs. Molder have a daughter, Helen Jane, who was born November 29, 1913. Mr. Molder owns his attractive residence in Bedford and makes his home here, and, in fact, has long been a representative citizen. Like his father, he has always been a republican and has taken an active interest in local politics. For eight years he served continuously on the village council and exerted his influence to bring about reforms and to encourage public improvements, and served two years on the Utility Commission, resigning from the same on January 1, 1918. He is a director in the Federal Foundry Company, Indianapolis, the Cleveland Electric Motor Company and also the American Stove Company. Mr. Molder was reared in the Presbyterian Church. Fraternally he belongs to Bedford Lodge No. 375, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is junior warden ; Bedford Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Holy-rood Commandery, Knights Templar and 496 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Al Koran Temple, of the Mystic Shrine, Cleveland ; Criterion Lodge, Knights of Pythias, Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Elks, and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. THE HOFFMAN ICE CREAM AND DAIRY COMPANY has the distinction of being the oldest business of its kind in continuous existence at Cleveland. It was established more than thirty-five years ago by Adam Hoffman, who with the assistance of his children has gradually built it up until it represents a large investment of capital, facilities, and an active personal organization that takes its product of perfect standard of purity and excellence all over the city and surrounding territory. The head of the firm, Adam Hoffman, was born in Hesse, Germany, March 18, 1851. His father, George Hoffman, was born in the same province of Germany, was reared and married there, and was connected with a firm for the manufacture of broadcloth- In 1859, after the death of his wife, he came to the United States and located at Cleveland, where he worked at the mason's trade- At the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the Union army and served until he was killed in the first battle of Corinth, early in the war. Thus he gave his life for his adopted country and his service is one of which his children and grandchildren are properly proud. He was a republican in politics and a member of the German Reformed Church. The maiden name of his wife who died in the old country was Dorothea Hochause. Their children were : Marie, who lives at North Amherst, Ohio, widow of Adam Miller, who was a veteran of the Civil war and for many years a pensioner; Adam, who died in Germany ; Adam, second of the name and head of the Hoffman Ice Cream and Dairy Company ; Henry and John, both of whom died in Germany. Mr. Adam Hoffman was educated in the common schools of Germany. He remained in the old country and came to Cleveland in 1867. He finished his education in America at Geauga County Seminary. In 1880 he returned to Cleveland and for a number of years was a merchant in South Euclid. Though a republican in politics he served as postmaster of that village under Grover Cleveland's administration. He was also a merchant at Collingwood, Ohio, until 1901. He then established a store at 10410 Euclid Avenue, and still operates it with the aid of his children- While at South Euclid in 1881 Adam Hoffman began the manufacture of ice cream. He was a pioneer in that line and all of his competitors have long since disappeared, so that his business remains the oldest of its kind in the city- It has grown to large proportions, and is famous all over this part of Ohio for the excellence of its products. The company ; now has a large plant at 10522 Cedar Avenue, operated under the name of Hoffman Ice Cream and Dairy Company. Adam Hoffman and his children are the active managers of the business. He is also president of the Murray Brick Company at South Newburg. He is affiliated with Amazon Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and is a former member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. At Chester in Geauga County, Ohio, in 1874, Adam Hoffman married Louisa Reiter, daughter of Martin and Christine Reiter, both now deceased- Her father was a farmer. The children of Adam Hoffman and wife are: Edna, who is a graduate of the School of Pharmacy at Cleveland and a licensed druggist and is now the wife of Fred Griffis. The second child is Earl M- Hoffman, who resides at Cleveland and is one of the active members of the Hoffman Ice Cream and Dairy Company- R. L. Hoffman, the next in age, is also a member of the Hoffman Ice Cream and Dairy Company. Dora, the fourth child, is a graduate of the Cleveland High School and for twelve years .was a teacher in the city schools- She is now the wife of C- C. Cooper, living on Hayden Avenue in Cleveland. Christine finished her education in the Woman's College of Western Reserve University and is the wife of Herman Negel. She is also a member of the firm. Elie is in the wholesale candy business at Los Angeles, Califor- nia. Louisa is the wife of Eugene Martineau. Florence, the seventh in age, is bookkeeper for the Murray Brick Company. Stanley, the youngest, is now in the United States navy and when last reported was stationed at an Diego, California. SAMUEL B. MICHELL, a member of the Cleveland City Council, is a well known business man and citizen in that section of Cleveland around Madison Avenue and Eightieth Street. He has the largest retail grocery store in that part of the city, and has not only pros- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 497 pered in a business way but has gained the confidence and esteem of a large number of citizens who have been well justified by the effective services he has rendered in the office of city councilman. Mr. Michell is a native of Cleveland, born November 11, 1876. His father is David Thomas Michell, who was born at Tavistock, England, in 1850, and is a veteran ship carpenter at Cleveland and has not shown a willingness to retire, though recently the loss of a thumb while at work obliged him to give up his active duties for a time. He grew up in his native England and left there when about twenty years of age. Coming to the United States in 1871, after several brief sojourns elsewhere he arrived in Cleveland in 1872, and has now been a resident of the city for over forty-five years. As a ship carpenter. he helped build all the dry docks at Cleveland and many of the early boats and barges that went out from this port. In politics he is a republican and a number of years ago was a councilman in West Cleveland. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He is also affiliated with the Knights of the Maccabees. David T. Michell married in Cleveland Kate Hoyle, who was born in Bridgewater, England, in 1854. Any parents would be justified in the pride which David T. Michell and wife take in their large family of sons and daughters, all of whom have proved themselves honorable, self supporting and worthy of esteem. A brief record of these eight sons and daughters is as follows : David Thomas, who lives on West Ninety-sixth Street and is employed by the Street Railway Company; Samuel B.; Horace, living on West One Hundred Second Street, a master mechanic at the Cleveland Ore Docks; William, residing on Guthrie Avenue in Cleveland, is assistant superintendent of construction for the American Steamship Company ; Edward J. living at 7915 Madison Avenue, was formerly connected with the Ore Docks, but recognizing the pressing need of the country for men of special training in that line he is now enlisted in the ship building trade ; Frank, residing on Belle Avenue in Lakewood, is assistant superintendent of the Lakewood Engineering Company ; Anna, wife of Edward Root a machinist living on Colgate Avenue in Cleveland ; and Maude, wife of Murray Knowles, a stenographer for a coal firm and living in Lakewood. Samuel B. Michell as a boy in Cleveland attended the public schools, had a business course in the Caton Business College on Euclid Avenue, and at the age of nineteen finished his preparation and was ready to take up life on his own responsibilities. Mr. Michell's first enterprise has been carried forward to success, and from modest beginnings has been built up one of the large enterprises of the kind in Cleveland. Mr. Michell first sold groceries at a small store at 7604 Madison Avenue, and with the growth and development of the trade removed in 1897 to his present location at 7915 Madison Avenue, where his store is a thoroughly up to date and completely stocked and equipped establishment and has a patronage that comes from territory even out of the normal limits of the business. Mr. Michell also lives at 7915 Madison Avenue, where his store is located, and he owns a dwelling house in the Cleveland suburb of Lakewood. Mr. Michell has always affiliated with the republican party. In 1910 he served as assessor of the Third Ward and was elected a member of the City Council in January, 1916, and re-elected in January, 1918- He is a member of Greater Cleveland Camp of the Woodmen of the World, of Cleveland Lodge No. 85, Loyal Order of Moose, belongs to the Methodist Episcopal Church and to the West Side Chamber of Industry and West End Business Men's Association- He is a director of the Retail Grocers' Association of Cleveland. In 1900, at Cleveland, Mr. Michell married Miss Emily Breitenbach, daughter of Charles and Mary Breitenbach, the latter still living in Cleveland, and the former deceased. Her father was a Union soldier during the Civil war. Mr. and Mrs. Michell have one son, David, born March 17, 1901, and who has shown good business capacity and is already doing much to assist his father in the grocery business. WILLIAM CULLEN RUDD. The career of the late William Cullen Rudd furnished very little copy for the daily newspapers, but as wise observers have come to know newspaper comment and publicity is no sort of adequate measure of a man's usefulness to a community and seldom reflects anything beyond the abnormal incidents and activities. Mr. Rudd, who died at his home on Euclid Avenue September 8, 1915, was in fact a perfect type of the normal citizen, one who works hard at business, is successful as judged by the most exacting commercial standards, divides his 498 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS time generously among public and eharitabl interests, and is best known and appreciate among his comparatively narrow circles o business and church associates and at his own home and fireside. He was born in Cleveland July 22, 1845 and survived his seventieth birthday only few weeks. One of the quiet satisfactions of his life was that Cleveland had always beef his home, and that in his native community he had found opportunities to satisfy all hie moderate ambitions. He was one of the six children of Charles and Esther (Lacey) Rudd. Only two of these children survive : George A. Rudd, DOW president of the Chandler & Rudd Company, of which William Cullen Rudd was president until his death, and Mary E. Rudd, now residing in California. William C. Rudd was educated in the public schools, acquiring the fundamentals of an English education in the Mayflower School. Instead of attending commercial college, his business training was gained as clerk in the service of E. Stair & Company, dealers in hats and furs. Later he was with the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company at Newburg, and in 1871 took what he considered a temporary position with Chandler & Abbott, retail grocers. Instead, this became the permanent interest of his business career. A change in the firm opened a way to his becoming a partner, and under the name Chandler & Rudd the business grew rapidly, largely in response to his own forceful administration- In 1889 the Chandler & Rudd Company was incorporated. That is one of the older titles in Cleveland commercial affairs, and until his death Mr. Rudd was president of the corporation. It was perhaps characteristic of the man that he never sought directorship and numerous responsibilities with other lines of enterprise- His own business profited no doubt from this concentration of his effort, and the Chandler & Rudd Company has for many years been recognized as the most successful organization of its kind in Cleveland if not in the Middle West. The company Dperates two of the very highest class and most completely stocked and appointed grocery stores in Cleveland. October 17, 1872, Mr. Rudd married Miss Mary A. Rockefeller, a sister of John D. Rockefeller. Mrs. Rudd's residence is located at L3204 Euclid Avenue. Her four children are: Vim Edward A Roberts, of Miami, Florida, chose son, Edward William Roberts, is the only grandson ; Frank Henry Rudd, who lives with his mother, is vice president of the Chandler & Rudd Company; William Culler Rudd, Jr., who died June 3, 1900, at Cleveland ; and Laura Rockefeller Rudd, who died October 6, 1907. As a substantial business man the late Mr Rudd exercised forceful helpfulness in be. half of good government and the general welfare of Cleveland. However, he never appeared in politics, and his political participation was confined to voting the republican ticket. He was a member of the Tippecanoe Club, a republican organization, and was a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce for many years and the Early Settlers' Association of Cuyahoga County. In 1865 Mr- Rudd became a member of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, and he had rounded out half a century of active membership and work in that church when he died. For many years he was a trustee and was a deacon at the time of his death. It was largely through this church and its allied causes that liberal gifts were dispensed for charitable purposes. One of his chief interests was an extension of the church's activities known as the Josephine Mission, which he served as superintendent over seventeen years, and was especially esteemed as a leader of the Mission Sunday School. He was also interested in the Hiram House, the well known social settlement organization. In earlier life his favorite outdoor recreation was fishing, but he took up and became an enthusiastic devotee of the game of golf when it was introduced to this country, and that was his special hobby for many years. He spent much time on th links of Forest Hill at the Rockefeller estate and besides the family relationship there were two bonds of community between him an John D. Rockefeller, golf and the same church None of these interests were exercised at tin expense of his home life, and when his pres ence was not demanded by his extensive busi ness he was usually at his own fireside. Mr Rudd was a man of kindly impulses, was wise and considerate in helping others, and none regarded him with greater esteem than hie own employees. CHARLES NELSON LANDON is an artist whose works Cleveland people have followed with increasing appreciation for a number of years. He was formerly a staff artist with one of the Cleveland papers, has also done extensive work as a magazine illustrator, and is now devoting all his time to his private CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 499 studio in the Schofield Building and as a teacher of art. Mr. Landon was born at Rochester, New York, December 19, 1878. He is descended from one of two brothers who came from England to New Jersey about the time of the Revolutionary war. One of them arrived in time to participate in that war on the side of the colonies, while another came over just after the war had closed. From the United States the family moved to Canada, and Mr. Landon 's grandfather Nelson Landon spent most of his life in the vicinity of Brockville, Ontario. It was at Brockville that Edgerton R. Landon was born in 1843. He was reared and married in that city, became a merchant there, and in 1876 established a business at Rochester, New York. He came to Cleveland in 1880. He was one of the pioneer merchants of the country operating a chain of stores. He was in the tea and coffee business and after coming to Cleveland established a string of stores in this city, at Mansfield, Elyria, Norwalk, and other cities. In 1884 he removed his residence to Norwalk and died in that city in 1917. He was a republican in politics and an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Edgerton R. Landon married Etta Eleigh, who was born at Brockville, Ontario, in 1847, and died at Norwalk in 1893. They had two children, Bertha and Charles Nelson Bertha, who now resides at Asheville, North Carolina, is the widow of John Rumsey, who was a mechanical engineer. Charles Nelson Landon was educated in the public schools of Norwalk, graduating from high school in 1897. As a boy he manifested a natural aptitude for drawing and developed these talents largely by practical application and by close study of the best work of his contemporaries and the old masters. For a number of years until 1909 he was a staff artist on the Cleveland Press, but in that year established a studio of his own, and later a school for drawing which he still conducts. Mr. Landon is an independent voter and a member of the Congregational Church. He is well known in Cleveland social life being a member of the Union Club, Mayfield Country Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Rotary Club, and is a member and director of the Hermit Club. In 1916 he built one of the modern homes in Shaker Heights at 17650 Parkland Drive. Mr. Landon married at Norwalk, Ohio, in 1902 Miss Bertha Corwin, daughter of George and Marie (Terry) Corwin, both now deceased. Her father, who became a well known capitalist, was a graduate of Dennison University in Ohio and of the law department of the University of Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Landon have two children, Marie Evelyn, born in 1903, and Corwin, born in 1905. J. HOWARD RUST was born in Wellington, Ohio, May 31, 1875, member of a prominent family of that section. His parents were Dr. James and Sophia Jane (Goss) Rust. His father died in Wellington in 1888 and his mother at Cleveland in January, 1907- There were five sons in the family. Edwin G. an oculist in the Lenox Building at Cleveland; Arthur B., private secretary for Roland C. White in the Citizens Building at Cleveland ; George P.,who died recently ; Dr. Carl H., a specialist in ear, nose and throat, with offices in the Rose Building; and J. Howard Rust. All the sons were born at Wellington, were educated there, the Wellington High School having graduated all five. Edwin G. is a graduate of the Homeopathic Medical College of Cleveland, and also of the College of New York, an allopathic school. As an oculist he is one of the best in his line in the country. The late George P. Rust, who recently died at Cleveland, was a prominent insurance man. He had lived in Cleveland for twenty-five years and was agent for the Northwestern Life Insurance Company of Milwaukee and also had varied railroad interests. At one time he was vice president of the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad and also of the Lorain, Ashland & Southern. J. Howard Rust was graduated from the Wellington High School in 1893 at the age of eighteen, and his business career began immediately after leaving off his studies. For eighteen months he was a clerk in the Home Savings Bank of Wellington, and was then promoted to cashier, being then the youngest bank cashier in the State of Ohio. He filled that office two years, and then came to Cleveland, where in 1899 he became teller in the Cleveland Trust Company and during the two years with that company was employed in all departments, gaining an invaluable experience. His next connection was with the Baker Motor Vehicle Company, at first in the general offices and later as production superintendent. After that he was