50 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS father's home at Wilmington, Vermont, and started out to carve his own career in the world. The wonderful resources of the West were just becoming known east of the Alleghenies, and only a year or so before the Erie Canal had been opened to navigation, but steam railways were still far in the future. For five years Colonel Wing lived in Albany County, New York, at Rensselaerville, where he worked as a merchant's clerk. He proved invaluable to his employer and became a popular man of the community. He was while living there appointed quartermaster of the Twenty-fifth Regiment of New York State Infantry, and filled that position for three years on the staff of Gen. DeWitt Clinton. Colonel Wing came to the Western Reserve of Ohio in the spring of 1831. He was at that time twenty-one years of age, and came west on a commission to open a general store. He selected Bloomfield in Trumbull County, and after buying his stock of goods in New York City came west and thereafter made his permanent home at Bloomfield. At the outbreak of the Civil war Colonel Wing was appointed by President Lincoln assistant quartermaster with the rank of captain. Later successively he was commissioned major and lieutenant colonel by brevet. He was with the armies in the early campaigns through Tennessee and Mississippi. At Corinth, when that place was the headquarters for Rosecrans' army; he was put in charge of the cavalry division of the quartermaster's department and soon afterwards assigned as chief quartermaster of the district. He himself took part in the battle of Corinth on October 2-3, 1862, and the desperate hand to hand struggle for mastery which marked the turning point of the conflict was enacted around headquarters where his own tent and station were. After General Rosecrans was relieved of command, Colonel Wing remained at Corinth, attached to the staff of Gen. Grenville M. Dodge. In 1864 the Western army, including the Sixteenth Army Corps, was withdrawn for the Atlanta campaign. Colonel Wing as chief quartermaster of the Sixteenth Corps participated in all the movements until the fall of Atlanta, and with his command marched 500 miles and engaged in thirteen distinct battles. For 100 days he and his comrades were almost constantly under fire. In his official report and by letters to Secretary Stanton, Governor Dodge commended Colonel Wing for his efficiency and urged his promotion with the brevet rank of brigadier general. In November, 1864, Colonel Wing assumed charge of the quartermaster's department in the district of Beaufort, North Carolina, and remained there until honorably mustered out at the close of the war. On March 3, 1897, Colonel Wing was honored by the commandery of Ohio with election as a member of the first class of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion of the United States. Besides his military service and his long and active career as a business man, Colonel Wing was twice honored by the people of Trumbull County, who elected him to the State Legislature. In October, 1842, he married Miss Mary Brown, daughter of Ephraim and Mary (Huntington) Brown. Her father, Ephraim Brown, is elsewhere referred to in this publication. Mrs. Wing died at the old home at Bloomfield December 15, 1887. She was born at Westmoreland, New Hampshire, May 28, 1812, and was a small child when her parents came to the Ohio Western Reserve. Colonel and Mrs. Wing were the parents of seven children, and two sons and three daughters still survice. The names of these children were: Mary Huntington Wing; Elizabeth Brown Wing; Virginia Passavant Wing; George C., mentioned elsewhere ; Judge Francis J., also mentioned on other pages; Julia King Wing; and Anna Margaret Wing. GEORGE CLARY WING has been identified with the Cleveland bar for thirty-three years. His career has been cast upon the highest plane of a lawyer's work, and he is also known for his thorough scholarship not only in law but in literary matters, and his valuable service in writing and preserving early Ohio history should not be overlooked. He was born at Bloomfield in Trumbull County, Ohio, and was the fourth of the seven children of the late Col. Joseph K. and Mary (Brown) Wing. In both lines he is connected with some of the oldest and best known of the New England and Western Reserve families. George Clary Wing was educated in the public schools of Bloomfield, attended that exclusive preparatory school known as Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, and in 1871 was graduated A. B. from Harvard College. He studied law at Georgetown University at Washington, D. C., where he not only had the instruction supplied by the faculty of that institution but exceptional op- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 51 portunities to meet and hear great 'lawyers and other prominent men in the national capital. He received his degree of LL. B. at Georgetown University in 1873. For a time he was chief clerk of the United States Department of Justice, and for three years was one of the Government attorneys in the Court of Claims; afterwards, by appointment of Secretary Freylinghuysen, he became chief of the diplomatic bureau in the Department of State. Resigning his post at Washington in May, 1884, Mr. Wing returned to Ohio and has since been engaged in the practice of law at Cleveland. He has given his time to general practice, and has also handled a large volume of corporate and patent business. His offices are in the Citizens Building. Mr. Wing is unmarried. His pursuits are scholarly and outside the law he concerns himself largely with the study of history and also with the genealogy of his immediate family. Among writers he is widely esteemed as the author of the volume entitled "Early Years of the Western Reserve," and is recognized as one of the few qualified authorities in the history of this section of his native state. JUDGE FRANCIS JOSEPH WING. While death at sixty-seven always seems premature, it was a career of well rounded achievement and fulfillment of early promise that was terminated in the passing of Judge Francis Joseph Wing on February 1, 1918. Judge Wing was one of Cleveland's foremost representatives of the bar, had practiced more than forty years, and among other honors associated with his name was a service as judge of the United States District Court for Northern Ohio. Judge Wing was member of a family in which the legal profession was a tradition. The family had contributed many notable figures to the law as well as to other professions. Judge Wing's father was the late Colonel Joseph Knowles Wing, whose history and that of the family is given on other pages of this publication. Francis Joseph Wing was born at North Bloomfield, Trumbull County, Ohio, September 14, 1850. The village where he was born had been laid out by his father and grandfather and other pioneers. Judge Wing attended public school in his native village, also had private instruction, and prepared for college in the noted Phillips Academy at Andover. He was a student in Harvard University from 1868 to 1871, leaving in his junior year. For one year he studed law with Caleb Blodgett at Boston, Massachusetts, and later under Judge Buckingham of Newark and Edward O. Fitch of Ashtabula, Ohio. He was admitted to the bar in 1874 and at once came to Cleveland, practicing two years alone and then as a member of the law firm Coon & Wing until 1880. For one year, 1880-81, Judge Wing served as Assistant United States District Attorney for the Northern District of Ohio, and then was appointed judge of the Common Pleas Court by Governor Bushnell. Judge Wing and his brother George C. Wing elsewhere mentioned were in practice for a number of years and another associate was Edwin L. Thurston. Always an active republican in politics, Judge Wing never sought political distinctions outside his own profession. He served as Judge of the Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County from 1899 until 1901, leaving that office to accept appointment from President McKinley as United States District Judge of the Northern Ohio District. With dignity and exceptional ability he remained on the Bench until 1905, when he resigned and again took up private' practice. Judge Wing married September 25, 1878, Mary Brackett Remington. Her father, Stephen G. Remington, was at one time assistant auditor of the Lake Shore Railway Company. Judge and Mrs. Wing had three children, Virginia Remington, Marie Remington, and Stephanie Remington. All were born in Cleveland, were educated at Miss Mittleberger's School for Young Ladies and finished their training at Eastern colleges, Virginia, finishing at Ogontz, Marie at Bryn Mawr and Mrs. W. M. Kennedy at Rosemond, Pennsylvania. The oldest daughter, Virginia, is on the Civilian Relief Committee of the Red Cross. The youngest daughter is Mrs. W. M. Kennedy of Pittsburgh. The second daughter, Marie Remington Wing, has had a career that deserves, some special notice. In 1915 she was called to New York City to take charge of the west side branch of the Y. W. C. A. A greater opportunity for enthusiastic work and organizing ability could hardly have been presented. The branch association had only two hundred members. It occupied a fine structure which had formerly been used for other philantropic and religious purposes, and on which John D. Rockefeller, Jr., held a mortgage of about two hundred thousand dollars, with accumulated interest. The Young Women's 52 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Christian Association obtained the right to occupy the property for a branch of the main body and asked Miss Wing to take charge. She rapidly familiarized herself with the situation and with a superabundant energy and skill as an organizer put life into the association, and at the end of the first year had a thousand active members, while the institution's usefulness and success were marvelously improved. Today the membership is over three thousand. Miss Wing receives full credit for all this achievement and the story of her work is found in remarks made by Mr. George W. Perkins in his letter to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., published in current issues of the New York papers. At that time John D. Rockefeller presented to the association the mortgage which he held together with overdue interest of thirty-six thousand dollars, that act in itself testifying to his appreciation of the vigor and usefulness of the institution and Miss Wing's work. In the fall of 1917 Miss Wing was called to the position of a director of all the branches of the Young Women's Christian Association in New York City, one of the most responsible positions ever held by any woman of the present time and on January 1, 1918, Miss Wing accepted a call to become general secretary of the Young Women's Christian Association of Cleveland. NORMAN O. STONE. Ordinarily the strict rules that have been developed to safeguard commerce do not permit an individual name to be listed in so-called "tangible assets." But in every city will be found a few individuals whose personal integrity, long experience and skillful energy have builded year after year one concrete result upon another until something solid and enduring stands for which the name is a symbol. Thus from the financial as well as from the moral standpoint " a good name is to be chosen rather than great riches." An interesting illustration of this at Cleveland is the fact that a corporation of business men are associated today under the name N. O. Stone Company, and it was both good business and a happy expression of regard for an eminent and old time Cleveland business man that the company retained the individual name when they succeeded to the business which the owner of that name had built up by long and careful years of industry and integrity of management. Mr. Stone, who died December 27, 1912, was for fifty years a Cleveland merchant. He was born at Strongsville, Cuyahoga County, December 3, 1844, and was of a pioneer family in the Western Reserve and of New England ancestry. He was a son of Marvin and Hannah (West) Stone. His father came to this part of "New Connecticut" from old Connecticut in 1837, locating on the farm where he lived until his death in 1872. Norman O. Stone had the wholesome environment of the farm during his youth, was educated in district schools up to the age of fifteen, and then entered Baldwin College, located at Berea in Cuyahoga County. He was a student there two years and at the age of seventeen took up a formal business career, which, continuing for over half a century, brought ,him to the first rank of Cleveland's merchants. His first employment was as clerk in the establishment of Smith, Dodd & Company, and later he was with Suttles & Company. In 1864, before reaching his majority, Mr. Stone opened a modest stock of boots and shoes and inaugurated his career as a retail shoe merchant. Ten years later the business was organized under the style N. O. Stone & Company, and it was continuously conducted under that title. After the death of Mr. Stone the business, the good will and the company title were taken over by a new corporate organization, so that the business remains today one of Cleveland's valued and valuable commercial assets. Under Mr. Stone's management it had become the largest retail shoe store in the state. Thus Mr. Stone was not only the foremost representative of the retail shoe trade in Ohio, but one of the best known men in his line of business in the Middle West. His success in business must be measured by still further achievements and influences than those which enabled him to build up a large store. For many years he was actively interested in banking, and was vice president of the Cleveland National Bank. He was a director in the Citizens Savings and Trust Company and was interested in various other financial and commercial enterprises. He was also a director in the Cleveland Telephone Company. On May 1, 1867, Mr. Stone married Miss Ella Andrus, of New York, who survives him. Many of Cleveland's best known business and social organizations knew and esteemed him as a member. He belonged to the Union Club, the Country Club, Roadside Club, the Chamber of Commerce, and during fifty years had identified himself in some practical way with every movement put forth by the Chamber of Commerce to promote the growth and welfare of the city. He was a member of the Trinity CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 53 Episcopal Church and voted as a democrat though he was never in personal or practical politics. Mr. Stone was a great lover of horses and delighted in riding or driving a horse even after the dawn of the horseless age. He often took recreation from his business and made use of his generous means for extensive travel. He twice encircled the globe and visited nearly all the places of historic interest in this country and abroad. Mr. Stone is remembered by his old associates as a man of genial personality, one who easily made friends and retained them, and altogether a high and most worthy type of citizenship. LEONARD COLTON HANNA, who is now senior member of the firm M. A. Hanna & Company, has been an active Cleveland business man over forty years. He is a brother of the late United States Senator Mark A. Hanna, who founded the business still carried on at Cleveland under his name. It is one of the largest and most important firms in the country handling coal, coke, iron ore and pig iron. The active members of the company at present are: L. C. Hanna, M. Andrews, H. M. Hanna, Jr., F. B. Richards, R. F. Grant, William Collins, J. D. Ireland and L. C. Hanna, Jr. At the old family home in New Lisbon, Ohio, Leonard Colton Hanna was born November 30, 1850, a son of Dr. Leonard and Samantha Maria (Converse) Hanna. L. C. Hanna grew up in Cleveland, attended the public schools, and from September, 1857, to June, 1867, was a student of Doctor Holbrook's Military School. His first important business experience was in the oil industry, for one year being connected with Hanna, Doherty & Company. For one season in 1871 he sailed on the steamer Northern Light. In January, 1872, he left for St. Paul, Minnesota, and was a resident of that city until November, 1874, since which date his home and important business connections have been identified with Cleveland. Besides his interest as ranking head of M. A. Hanna & Company, Mr. Hanna is financially and officially identified with the Superior Savings & Trust Company, the Guardian Savings & Trust Company and the Union National Bank of Cleveland. He is a member of the Tavern Club, the Union Club, the Roadside Club, the Country Club of Cleveland, and the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club at Gates Mill, Ohio. He was formerly interested in military affairs and for eight years commanded the Cleveland Gatling Gun Battery. Mr. Hanna has been twice married. He married his first wife in Buffalo, New York. On October 17, 1888, at Richmond, Kentucky, he married Coralie Walker. He has three children: Jean Claire Hanna, Fanny Hanna Moore and Leonard C. Hanna, Jr. BLUFORD WILSON BROCKETT has been a member of the Cleveland bar since 1901, and has always specialized and given his entire time and attention to patent law and patent causes. He is senior member of Brockett & Hyde, with offices in the Arcade. Before coming to Cleveland Mr. Brockett had a long and thorough experience and training as a student and lawyer at Washington, D. C. He was born at Baltimore, Maryland, July 28, 1877, a son of Benjamin F. and Caroline (Hunter) Brockett. His father was born at Carmi, Illinois, and his mother in Louisville, Kentucky. They were married at Shawneetown, Illinois, in 1868. Benjamin F. Brockett is also a lawyer by profession, having been admitted to the Illinois bar and having practiced at Shawneetown before he removed to Washington, D. C., where for many years he has been in the Government service, a member of the office force of the auditor of the War Department. When a youth he served in an Illinois regiment during the Civil war. He and his wife are still living and for thirty-eight years have had their home at Chevy Chase, Maryland, a suburb of Washington. Their five children, two sons and three daughters, are all living, but Bluford W. is the only member of the family in Ohio. Mr. Brockett acquired his early education in the public schools of Washington and at the age of nineteen, in 1896, he entered the office of Whitaker & Prevost, patent attorneys at Washington. He was with that firm until 1901 and while there carried on his studies in Columbian University, now the George Washington University. This institution gave him the following degrees: LL. B. in 1899; LL. M. in 1900 ; and Master of Patent Laws in 1901. Mr. Brockett was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia in 1900, and for a few months continued his work with the firm of Whitaker & Prevost. On removing to Cleveland in 1901, Mr. Brockett was connected with the firm of patent attorneys Thurston & Bates from May, 1901, to December, 1904. About the latter date he engaged in practice as a patent law- 54 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS yer on his own account in the Arcade, where he has been located ever since. From 1907 to 1909 he was a partner with Arthur F. Kwis under the name Brockett & Kwis. From 1909 to May, 1916, he was again alone in practice and in May, 1916, formed his present partnership with Elbert L. Hyde, under the name Brockett & Hyde. Mr. Brockett was admitted to practice in the United States courts at the same time as his admission to the bar in the District of Columbia, and on removing to Cleveland he was admitted to the Federal courts. He is regarded as an expert in all branches of patent law and has had practically twenty years of active experience in that field. Mr. Broekett is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Automobile Club and the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church. April 10, 1907, he married Frances Jeanette Miller, of Washington, where Mrs. Brockett was born and educated. She is a graduate of the public schools of Washington, and in Cleveland has become active in church and charity work and is a member of the Hospital Club of the city. Mr. and Mrs. Brockett reside at 2824 Corydon Road. FRANK CLARK CAIN has long been a well known figure in grain circles at Cleveland and is partner and an active factor in the grain and feed business conducted under the name E. I. Bailey, with offices in The Arcade. In a public way Mr. Cain has come into special prominence because of his valued services as mayor of Cleveland Heights. He became mayor of that village in 1914, and not because he desired especially the official honor but for the opportunity it gave him to serve the public welfare. At the urging of the best citizens and leading civic organizations of the village, he became a candidate for reelection in the fall of 1915, and again consented to be a candidate in 1917 on account of the almost unanimous demand. He received a vote which was little less than a unanimous endorsement of the splendid work he had done in the preceding four years. Even so, Mr. Cain would hardly qualify for mention among the leading men in politics either in his village or in Cuyahoga County. His spirit and attitude throughout has been that of a man conscientiously devoted to the central purpose of the general public welfare, without regard to his personal reputation or any subsequent honors which might come from his present incumbency. From 1910 to 1914 Mr. Cain was a member of the village council, and from that was promoted to the office of mayor. In 1914, when he took the office of mayor, Cleveland Heights had a population of 3,000. The population today is 11,000, and that means that a tremendous amount of development has been necessary in the municipal facilities to keep pace with this growing population. The chief credit for all this has been assigned to Mayor Cain. He is personally fearless, does what he thinks is best for all the people, and his term of office has been characterized by a steadfast devotion to the principle of general rather than particular welfare. The right kind of paving has been used, the right kind of improvements have been made, and improvements have been planned and carried out for the benefit of all and not some few. The tone and spirit of his official administration was well described by a resident of the village : "Mr. Cain has made a real mayor of the Heights and the voters of the village realize it. He has made his presence felt in the village and has done much for its advancement. You will never find him unreasonable but always ready and willing to hear arguments for or against improvements or for other matters pertaining to the municipality. His watchword is advancement. He is never looking backward, and for those reasons he is just the kind of mayor we want in Cleveland Heights." During the very first year of his administration Mr. Cain introduced the element of efficiency into every department of the village government. His appointments brought men of thorough qualifications to the law department, the tax department, he gave the Heights a real police department, improved local transportation facilities, gave a new emphasis to the matter of street and road repair and improvement, and in addition to one or two definite improvements, such as removing the obstacle of accessibility to the village in the road over Cedar Glen Hill, he set the forces of the village government to work upon a general plan of park and street development. Throughout his first and only thought has been for the benefit of Cleveland Heights, and with that aim in view and with a council operating in unison with him, everything has moved along in perfect harmony and with results that completely justify Mr. Cain's reelection for the second and the third term. Mayor Cain was born at Springfield, Ohio, May 6, 1877, a son of Edward A. and Alice F. (Rogers) Cain. His parents are now living retired at Cleveland. The old home of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 55 Cains was at Dayton, where the family settled in pioneer times, coming overland from New Jersey in wagons. Mayor Cain's father's grandmother lived in the second house built in Dayton, and was a member of one of the first families to settle there. The Rogers were early settlers of Springfield; Ohio, and Grandfather Rogers for many years was the leading shoe merchant in the city. His name was James Rogers. The paternal grandfather of Mayor Cain was John Clark Cain, who lived at Dayton and was proprietor of a wholesale dry goods business in that city. This wholesale business was conducted in a day when goods were distributed to the retail merchants over the country in wagons. Edward A. Cain when fourteen years of age went to Cincinnati for the purpose of enlisting as a soldier in the Civil war. It was not his fault that he did not become a soldier and take part in that great struggle for freedom. He had gone to Cincinnati without his parents' permission, and the authorities would not gratify his ardent desire to shoulder arms. Mayor Cain is a republican in the expression of his political views, but inheritance probably has no part in his choice of party affiliations, since his father was an ardent democrat and his grandfather Rogers a republican. The grandparents on both sides were very active Methodists, and did much to support and build up the church in their localities. Frank C. Cain was third in a family of nine children. Seven of them grew up, and one died at the age of twenty-one and the other at twenty-four. Three daughters and two sons are still living: Mrs. George N. Clark, of Cleveland Heights ; Frank C. ; Grace B., of Cleveland ; Allen Brooks Cain, who is connected with the Indiana Harbor Belt Railway and lives at Chicago; and Mrs. Charles P. Davis, of Springfield, Ohio. Frank C. Cain received his early educational advantages in Springfield. As a boy he was working for a mercantile agency, and also studied law for a short time. He has been a resident of Cleveland since 1895. In this city he was with Corrigan & McKinney a short time and for eight years was with the Goff-Kirby Coal Company, beginning as a clerk and attaining some of the important responsibilities of the business before he left. Since then Mr. Cain has been a partner and an active associate of E. I. Bailey in the grain and feed business. While he is a silent partner so far as the title of the business is concerned, he handles a large share of the responsibilities. The firm are members of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Grain Dealers National Association, Ohio Shippers Association, and Ohio Feed Dealers Association. Mr. Cain is interested in Cleveland Heights real estate and in 1916 he built the Forest Hill Block, comprising twelve stores and a garage. on Mayfield Road between Superior and Ridgefield streets, the stores all having living apartments above. Mr. Cain is a charter member of Heights Lodge No. 623, Free and Accepted. Masons, a charter member of Heights Chapter, Royal Areh Masons, and has been first and foremost in the civic activities carried oh by the Cleveland Heights Civic Club. He is fond. of outdoor life and is one of the best tennis players in the city. He is identified with the Cleveland Heights Tennis Club, and won the club championship, represented by a gold. medal, in 1912, and in 1916 was again the club champion, and has a cup as a trophy of that achievement. In the opinion of his friends and contemporaries Mr. Cain is one of, the successful men of Cleveland. He personally disclaims any particular credit or reason for any success he has won, but such as it is he finds its mainspring and source largely in the splendid. woman whom he married eighteen years ago and who has literally been associated with him in practically every interest and experience since that date. Mr. Cain and Alma D. Lambert were married August 1, 1900, and they have lived continuously at Cleveland Heights, since the day of their marriage. Mrs. Cain was born and educated in Cuyahoga County. From early girlhood she has been a reader and student, and in each succeeding year has added something to her activities and attainments in practical living, home making, and those cultural interests which are the adornment of community life. Her home, her husband, her children, have always been first in her thought and plans, but with all the cares and responsibilities of real home making she has kept her mind fresh and her spirit alive and has joined with zest in several of the best known women's. organizations. She is a member of the Woman's Civic Club, The Cleveland Literary Guild, the Cleveland Federation of Women's Clubs,. and the Cleveland Red Cross. Mr. and Mrs. Cain reside at 1769 Radnor Road. Their three children, were all born at Cleveland Heights and their names and respective ages are : Dorothy Alice, sixteen ; Donald Lambert, eleven;. 56 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and Lucile Hayward, six. Dorothy is now beginning her senior year in the Cleveland Heights High School. THOMAS H. GARRY has been a member of the Ohio bar since 1895, and has practiced in Cleveland for the past twenty years. As member of the firm. Goulder, White & Garry, he is doing his part in handling the practice of a firm which has long been regarded as one of the strongest in the State of Ohio. His senior partners are Harvey D. Goulder, long pre-eminent in admiralty law, and William W. White. Mr. Garry was born at Stratford, Ontario, March 18, 1868, son of Albert J. and Margaret A. Garry. His father was of English stock and his mother of Irish extraction. His parents are now living retired at Leeds, North Dakota. Thomas H. Garry graduated in 1893 from the University. of Wisconsin, and in 1895 was admitted to the Ohio bar. For about a year he practiced at Warren, Ohio, and came to Cleveland in 1897. He was assistant United States attorney for the Northern District of Ohio from 1904 to 1910. Since leaving that office he has been a member of the firm of Goulder, White & Garry. Mr. Garry is a republican, a member of the American, Ohio State and Cleveland Bar associations, and is active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the University and Athletic clubs of Cleveland. His church is the First Methodist at Cleveland. Mr. Garry married Jessie G. Graham, daughter of Thompson and Phoebe Graham. They have one daughter, Margaret Garry. JAMES ALVAH CURTIS, member of the Cleveland bar since 1899, is one of the very successful lawyers of the city and has also acquired a number of influential business connections. Mr. Curtis has spent practically all his life in Cuyahoga County. He was born on his father's farm at Warrensville September 16, 1875. His parents are Henry and Helen (Tuthill) Curtis and he is their only child. His paternal grandparents came to Ohio from England, while the maternal ancestry is of New England and Massachusetts stock. Henry Curtis was born at Newburg, Ohio, and his wife, who died in 1913, at the age of sixty-eight, was a native of Warrensville, Henry Curtis was one of the young men who volunteered at the time of the Civil war to defend the Union. He was a member of the First Ohio Light Artillery, Battery D, enlisting for three years and seeing active service for about nineteen months. His career since the war has been identified with farming in the vicinity of Warrensville, and while now retired from active work and spending his winters with his son in Cleveland, he needs only the invitation of spring to call him back to the farm, where he finds pleasant activities to engage him throughout the summer. He has never been content to follow a life of idleness, and at the age of sixty-nine is growing old gracefully. Since James A. Curtis was six years of age his parents spent their winters in Cleveland and the summers on the farm at Warrensville, which is just ten miles from the public square in Cleveland. James A. Curtis, therefore, had the advantages of the city schools and from them he entered the Western Reserve University Law School, where he was graduated LL. B. with the class of 1899. Mr. Curtis was admitted to the Ohio bar in October, 1899, and on November first of the same year opened an office for practice in the Cuyahoga Building. He subsequently was associated in practice with the late Mayor McKisson and the late Judge J. P. Dawley. In the spring of 1901 he and Mayor MeKisson formed a law partnership under the name McKisson and Curtis. This continued five years, their offices being in the Williamson Building. Since then Mr. Curtis has practiced alone and has found his time and talents engaged in a constantly increasing general practice and in looking after varied business interests. His offices now are in the Schofield Building. Mr. Curtis is a director in The Morland Company of Cleveland, is secretary and treasurer of The Northern Kentucky Coal Mining Company, secretary and treasurer of The Cleveland-Birmingham Ore Company, director of The Standard Equipment Company of Cleveland, director of The Kentucky-Henderson Coal Company. In politics he is a republican. For three months he was assistant prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County under T. J. Ross, who was appointed to fill out an unexpired term of that length as prosecutor and appointed Mr. Curtis as his assistant. Fraternally Mr. Curtis gives his chief affiliation to Masonry. He is a member of Euclid Lodge No. 599, Free and.Accepted Masons; McKinley Chapter No. 181, Royal Arch Masons; Coeur de Lion CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 57 Commandery No. 64, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. In February, 1908, he married Miss Elizabeth L. Scanlon, of Cleveland. Mrs. Curtis was born and educated in Cleveland, being a graduate of the Central High School. She is a member of the Woman's City Club. They have one son, Edward James, born in Cleveland. JUDGE JOHN CORYDON HUTCHINS iS one of the oldest active members of the Cleveland bar, having been in practice in this city almost continuously since 1868, nearly half a century ago. He still appears almost daily in his offices in the Williamson Building, and with all the success that has come to him as a lawyer he has never sought the life of ease and dignity which his position would justify. Judge Hutchins' family goes back to a very early period in the history of the Western Reserve. His grandfather, Samuel Hutchins, grew up in the home of Uriel Holmes, who was one of the original owners in Vienna Township, Trumbull County. It is said that Mr. Holmes came out to the Western Reserve with a party in 1798 and Samuel Hutchins, who came out with him, assisted in surveying the township and for his services was given 100 acres of land. He chose what is now known as "Payne's Corners," and this farm was probably the first to which any man had a deed in Vienna. In January, 1803, he married Freelove Flower. Their children were: Solomon, Amoretta, Mary, John, Serena, Lucia and Betsey. Hon. John Hutchins, father of John C., was born in 1812. As a young man he moved from Vienna to Warren, where he studied law with Governor Tod. Subsequently he practiced as a member of the firm of Tod, Hoffman & Hutchins. He attained high rank as a lawyer in the old Western Reserve, and was one of the distinguished citizens of the state. He served several terms in the Legislature, was clerk of the Trumbull County Court five years, and in 18.58 he succeeded R. Giddings in Congress, serving two terms, being a member of Congress at the outbreak -of the Civil war. After 1868 he made his home in Cleveland. John Corydon Hutchins was born at Warren, Ohio, May 8, 1840. His mother's maiden name was Rhoda M. Andrews. He attended the public schools, subsequently Oberlin College, and at the age of twenty-one in the summer of 1861, enlisted in the Second Ohio Cavalry. His service with that regiment continued for 2 1/2 years, and he rose from the ranks to the grades of second and first lieutenant and subsequently was connected with the pay department at Washington. As a rsult of an accident he resigned his commission in 1863, later began the study oa law in his father's office at Warren, and in 1865 entered the Albany Law School, where he was graduated in the following year. He was admitted to the New York Court of Appeals, and on returning to Ohio was admitted to the bar at Canfield and began practice at Youngstown, as partner of General Sanderson. On locating at Cleveland in 1868 Mr. Hutchins formed a partnership with his father and Judge J. E. Ingersoll, under the name Hutchins & Ingersoll. Subsequently he was the junior member of the firm of John and J. C. Hutchins. In the private practice of his profession and its incidental duties Judge Hutchins has found every incentive to work and every honor that would satisfy his quiet ambition. The only offices to which he has aspired have been those which are the prerogative of members of the bar. In 1877 he was elected prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County. He served two years and then became senior member of the firm Hutchins, Campbell & Johnson. In 1880 he consented to take a place on the democratic ticket, as candidate for Congress, but was defeated by Amos Townsend. He was elected police judge of Cleveland in 1883 and was re-elected in 1885. In 1887 he resumed private practice and the following year was unsuccessful democratic candidate for the Common Pleas bench. In 1892 Mr. Hutchins was elected judge of the Common Pleas Court of Cuyahoga County, and gaye to its administration the ability and experience accumulated through his long career as a successful lawyer. He resigned from the bench in the spring of 1895 to accept the appointment of postmaster at Cleveland, tendered him by President Cleveland. When his term in that office expired in the fall of 1899 he resumed a general practice which has since then been uninterrupted. Judge Hutchins has long ranked as one of the ablest advocates and counselors of the Cleveland bar. Outside of his profession and in his quiet and efficient way. he has exerted a large and worthy influence in the affairs of his home city. For fourteen years he was a member of the Cleveland Public Library 58 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Board and for eight years president of the board. He has atso been a member of the board of education. He is a member of the Loyal Legion and in 1897 was junior vice commander of the Ohio Commandery. ANSEL B. CURTISS. In the field of real estate and corporation law one of the most prominent firms of Cleveland is that of White, Brewer & Curtiss. The membership of this concern includes Ansel B. Curtiss, of whom, however guardedly one must speak on the score of youth, it may be stated unhesitatingly and beyond fear of question that no young lawyer today in Cleveland gives nobler promise of future great achievement, not alone in the ranks of his profession, but in the broad field of politics and public service. Mr. Curtiss was born at Charlestown, Portage County, Ohio, January 18, 1883, and is a son of Alfred Barnes and Mary (Hinman) Curtiss, and a member of the family which produced the real pioneers of that county. The Curtiss family originated in Connecticut, as did also the Hinman family, and Mr. Curtiss' great-grandparents on both. sides made the journey overland from New England to the Western Reserve of Ohio in the ox-carts which served as the style of conveyance for the first settlers at a time when no timber had been cut in that part of the country. Charlestown Township in Portage County was named after Charles Curtiss, who, if tradition is true, secured the changing of the name,from Hinkle Township by the donation of a barrel of whiskey at the time of the raising of the old Congregational Church, one of the oldest, if not the oldest, in the Western Reserve. This early edifice was destroyed by fire about the time of the birth of Ansel B. Curtiss, and the present Congregational Church was erected on the same ground. One of Mr. Curtiss' uncles on his mother's side, Edward Hinman, fought as a soldier of the Union during the Civil war, subsequently became treasurer of Portage County, and later went to West Virginia, where he entered the lumber business and was elected sheiiff of Fayette County. Alfred B. and Mary (Hinman) Curtiss were both born in Portage County, the former on the same old family farm as his son. Their active years were passed in agricultural pursuits, and about the year 1911 they both retired and now live at Kent, Ohio. Honorable, God-fearing and industrious people, they have always commanded and received the respect of their neighbors and fel low-townspeople, and their work in the Congregational Church has been of a character that has been both useful and practical. Their six children, all born on the farm in Portage County and all of whom lived to grow to maturity, were as follows: Laura, who died at the age of thirty-five years; C. H., one of the prominent lawyers of Kent, Ohio, and at this time prosecuting attorney of Portage County ; Emma, who died at Sextonville, Wisconsin, April 29, 1917, as Mrs. M. 0. Carter; Ansel B., of this notice; William H., who died at the age of nineteen years while a sophomore at Hiram College, Ohio; and Edward G., who is assistant city chemist of the City of Cleveland. Ansel B. Curtiss was sent to the public schools of Ravenna, Ohio, and after his graduation from the high school there in 1900, entered Hiram College, where with the class of 1904 he received the degree of Bachelor of Arts. His professional studies were prosecuted at the University of Michigan, which institution gave him his degree of Bachelor of Laws in 1907, and, being admitted to the Cleveland bar in June of that year, commenced practice in September. Almost immediately Mr. Curtiss took rank as one of the forceful young attorneys of the city, and continued to practice alone with gratifying success until April, 1914, when he became a member of the firm of White, Crosser & Curtiss. In 1916, when the voters elected Mr. Crosser as a member of Congress, he left the firm and since April, 1917, the concern has borne the style of White, Brewer & Curtiss, maintaining offices in the Union National Bank Building. While a general business is carried on, the firm is best known for its activities and successes in the field of real estate and corporation law. Its clients include some of the largest business interests of the city, and the court records show that this strong legal force has been returned the victor in a number of cases of important litigation. Like other active and alert members of his calling, Mr. Curtiss has taken an active interest and participation in politics. He was considered as good judicial timber by his party in 1915 when he was named as a candidate for municipal judge. Civic affairs have attracted his attention and enlisted his abilities, and worth-while movements by public-spirited citizens have never lacked his support and cooperation. Mr. Curtiss is a member of the Cleveland Bar Association and of the Tom Johnson Club. Religion has its share of this CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 59 young man's life, for he is secretary of the Park Congregational Church. Mr. Curtiss was married July 23, 1910, to Miss Katherine H. Kelly, of Cleveland, daughter of Peter and Sarah Kelly, both now deceased, natives of Ireland. Mrs. Curtiss was born in this city, and was here educated at Saint John's Parochial School and Notre Dame Convent. She is a member of the Catholic Church. Mr. and Mrs. Curtiss have two children : Sarah K. and Mary H. The pleasant family home is situated at No. 954 Parkwood Drive. EDWARD LODER WHITTEMORE, chairman of the Board of Directors of The National Malleable Castings Company, the largest organization of its kind in the United States, with general headquarters and offices at Cleveland, has been connected with this general line of business for thirty-five years, ever since leaving college. He was born at Rye; New York, September 12, 1861, son of Edward Payson and Caroline (Loder) Whittemore. His people were all easterners and of substantial connections and positions. Mr. Whittemore was liberally educated. He attended Adelphia Academy in Brooklyn, New York, the Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute, the Park Institute at Rye, New York, from which he graduated in 1879, and completed his scientific and technical education in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, where he received his diploma in 1882. From university he entered business life to do clerical and executive work in the office and works of the Bridgeport Malleable Iron Company at Bridgeport, Connecticut. At the end of five years he resigned and became secretary and treasurer of the Indianapolis Malleable Iron Company at Indianapolis, and in 1890 also accepted the place of manager of the Toledo Malleable Iron Company at Toledo, Ohio. He was with these industries when in 1891 it was merged with others to form the National Malleable Castings Company, comprising a group of malleable iron works which have since been increased by further plants and additions until The National Malleable Castings Company is the biggest organization of its kind in America. In 1891 Mr. Whittemore became vice president and a director of the corporation and is the only original director now on the board. Since 1902 his home has been in Cleveland and in 1913 upon the death of A. A. Pope, president and one of the founders of The National Malleable Castings Company, Mr. Whittemore was elected chairman of the board of directors. Mr. Whittemore is a member of the Union Club, University Club, Tavern Club, Country Club, Mayfield Country Club, Rowfant Club, Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, Cleveland Cham.ber of Commerce, the University and Yale clubs of New York City, and the University Club of Chicago. He is unmarried. In politics a republican and in church affiliation a Presbyterian. ROBERT LATIMER BECK is a native of Cleveland, was formerly in business with his father and for the past seventeen years has had a successful career in the builders' supply industry, now operating as an independent dealer with offices in The Arcade. This keen and resourceful Cleveland business man was born August 20, 1875, a son of Conrad and Esther (Latimer) Beck. His father, now living retired, was born in York, Pennsylvania, and came to Cleveland about fifty years ago, when ten or twelve years of age, in company with his parents. As a youth of sixteen he enlisted from Cleveland in the Sixth United States Cavalry and was in active service for about four years, practically the entire Civil war period. At an early day he engaged in pork packing in Cleveland, and that was his business for many years under the name C. Beck & Company. He finally retired and closed up his business affairs about 1912 and has since been retired. During the administrations of several mayors of Cleveland he was appointed to and filled the office of superintendent of markets. In politics he is a republican. He married at Cleveland Esther Latimer, who was born in the North of Ireland of Scotch-Irish parents, who brought her to Cleveland direct from Ireland when she was a small girl. The Latimer family at one time lived adjoining old Clinton Park, on what is now Davenport Street. Esther Latimer Beck died suddenly while visiting in Florida on February 2, 1914, at the age of sixty-eight. Four of her children are still living. William C., the oldest, is in the real estate business at Cleveland and was formerly an auditor in the board of review office for about twenty years. The second in age is Mrs. John A. Kling, of Cleveland, the next is Robert L., and Mrs. A. N. Kellogg also lives in Cleveland. The children were all born in Cleveland. Robert L. Beck grew up in this city, at- 60 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS tended the public schools, and after completing his education went to work for his father. That was his employment until 1900, when he formed a connection with The Cleveland Builders Supply Company, and was with that firm about eleven years, laying a solid groundwork of experience and knowledge of a business in which he has operated independently. He handles all classes of builders' supplies, especially brick, crushed stone, sand, cement and sewer pipe. He is one of the leading dealers in that line in the city. Mr. Beck is also a director of The City Savings and Loan Company, and president of The Kinsman Builders Supply Company. In politics he is a republican and is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Engineering Society, West Side Chamber of Industry, Cleveland Automobile Club and while not a member attends the Highland Congregational Church. June 29, 1900, he married Miss Libbie McCreary, of Cleveland, daughter of James and Emily (Hathaway) McCreary. Her mother is still living, and her father died in Cleveland about twenty years ago. Mrs. Beck's parents were born and reared in what is now Lakewood, while Mrs. Beck was born in the City of Cleveland, where her father was a street paving contractor and under the late Mayor McKisson held the position of assistant commissioner of streets. Mrs. Beck was educated in Cleveland and is an active member of the Woman's Club. They have two. sons: Robert Kling and James M., both born in Cleveland. The family home is at 11527 Lake Avenue. JUDGE THEODORE L. STRIMPLE. A scholarly Cleveland lawyer whose attainments and services have gained recognition during the thirty years of his practice there, Judge Strimple has made his success by hard work and faithful application to the interests intrusted to his charge. He has given much of his time to the public, and for twelve years was a judge of the Common Pleas Court. Judge Strimple was born on a farm and spent his early life in a rural environment. His birth occurred near Mansfield, Ohio, April 25, 1859. His parents were John and Elizabeth (Viers) Strimple, and they were of German and French lineage. After attending the common schools of Richland County Judge Strimple entered Baldwin University at Berea, where he was graduated Ph. B. with the class of 1884. He had in the meantime taught school, and on leaving college his mind was definitely made up as to his vocation. With a well trained mind and with a definite goal ahead of him, he entered the law office of Chandler & Wilcox at Cleveland in 1884, and for the next two years gave undivided attention to his studies. Aided by a good physical constitution, he advanced so rapidly as to gain admission to the bar June 1, 1886. For a short time he was associated with the late Frank M. Chandler in the publication of a law journal called the' Court Record. This lasted only a short time, and he then formed a partnership with the late Frank N. Wilcox. In that partnership he soon found abundance of work for his professional time, and also acquired influential connections. In January, 1891, he was appointed assistant prosecuting attorney for Cuyahoga County, an office he held until October 28, 1895. At that date he was appointed prosecuting attorney to fill out the unexpired term of Judge Neff. In 1896 he was elected to the office and continued as prosecutor until 1898. In that year he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas, and by re-election was on the bench until 1911. Since leaving this judicial office Mr. Strimple has been in the private practice of the law alone and with offices in the Society for. Savings Building. On September 1, 1889, Judge Strimple was appointed county school examiner and discharged the duties of that position during 1889-91. He is a republican, and except for the time he was on the bench has been very active in promoting the success of his party. Judge Strimple was married in June, 1893, to Miss Allie Wright, of Cleveland. They have two children. Pauline Marie, the daughter, is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown School of Cleveland. ,Theodore L., Jr., is now a student in the Western Reserve University. JUDGE WALTER CAIN ONG. To sustain the. reputation of being one of the ablest trial lawyers of Ohio is a most difficult achievement, and yet it is one thoroughly justified in the opinion of the contemporaries and associates of Judge Ong, who has had an active career as a lawyer for over forty years and for thirty-five years has been a resident of Cleveland. For five years he was a member of the Common Pleas bench, but otherwise his time and abilities have been taken up with private practice. Judge Ong was born on a farm in Smithfield Township, Jefferson County, Ohio, November CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 61 24, 1848, a son of Moses Harlan and Mary (Cain) Ong. His first American ancestor was Francis Ong, of Suffolk County, England. He left Bristol, England, in December, 1630, landing in Boston in February, 1631. Later descendants were Jacob Ong, who lived at Groton, Massachusetts, in 1695, and his son Jacob Ong, a resident of New Jersey in 1702. The latter's son Jeremiah was killed by Indians. Judge Ong's great-great-grandfather was Rev. Jacob Ong, a Quaker minister. He was born January 24, 1760. In the early part of the Revolution he was engaged in carrying mail between Philadelphia and Pittsburg, then Fort Pitt. He broke with the traditions of the Quaker Church, always opposed to warfare, enlisted in the American army and served until the close of hostilities. After the war his conscience and his faith reasserted themselves, and he refused all honors or emoluments that might have come from his military service. It is supposed that he burned his discharge papers, since they could never be found, and he took prompt measures to prevent a son from securing his hack pension. His entire life was guided by the strictest principles of right, and while his descendants inherited much of this right mindedness they also made exceptions as national emergencies called for patriotic action. Ten members of the family were soldiers in the Civil war and six of them lost their lives in the service, one of them being the brother of Judge Ong, who was killed during the second charge on Petersburg May 6, 1864. The family was founded in Ohio by Judge Ong's grandfather, Findley Ong, who was born in Martinsburg, Virginia, February 19, 1787. In the opening years of the nineteenth century he located in Jefferson County, Ohio, and died there at the age of eighty-seven. Moses Harlan Ong, father of Judge Ong, was born in Jefferson County December 15, 1810, was a very successful farmer and stock raiser, and spent all his life in that county. His wife, Mary Cain, was a minister in the Quaker Church. She was horn in Jefferson County, Ohio, and died at the age of sixty-five in December, 1878. They had thirteen children, all of whom reached adult age and all married except two. Walter C. Ong attended the district schools of his birthplace, the high school at Mount Pleasant, and from there entered Richmond College, the old Quaker institution at Richmond, Ohio, from which he received the Bachelor of Arts degree in 1870. He was graduated LL. B. from the University of Michigan in 1873 and was admitted before the Supreme Court of Ohio April 5, 1874. Judge Ong practiced in his native county at Steubenville for eight years. He was elected prosecuting attorney in 1875 and by re-election served four years. In June, 1882, he came to Cleveland and in 1886 became a member of the firm of Ong & McMillin and later became senior member of the firm Ong & Hamilton, his associate being Walter J. Hamilton. He served two years as a member of the Cleveland City Council and in 1893 was elected to the,Common Pleas Bench of Cuyahoga County, and presided with impartial dignity over that court until February 9, 1899. In his commodious office in the Guardian Building his office chair is the same one he used while judge of the Common Pleas Court. On the back of this chair are the words : "Used on Common Pleas Bench from 1894 to 1899." Judge Ong has long enjoyed the possession of the best honors associated with the legal profession, and he has tried law suits in ten different states of the Union. He is a man of unimpeachable character and of unusual intellectual endowments. He possesses a thorough understanding of the law and the patience, urbanity and industry which are the highest qualifications of the attorney or the jurist. He is now approaching that period in life where he may properly resign many of its heavier responsibilities and duties, and when his retirement comes it is his expectation to spend the rest of his days at his orange grove and homestead in Southern California. Judge Ong is a member of the Knights of Pythias, the Knights of Honor, the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State and American Bar associations, the Halcyon, Woodland Golf and Cleveland Gun clubs. April 8, 1875, he married Miss Anna M. Mansfield, daughter of Samuel and Elizabeth (Pumphery) Mansfield, of Jefferson County. Edna 0., the oldest of their four children, is the wife of Charles C. Broadwater, a mining engineer. Eugene W., who was born in Steubenville August 12, 1878, graduated from the University School of Cleveland in 1896, from Yale College in 1900, and from the Harvard Law School with the degree LL. B. in 1903. He was admitted to the bar and has since gained prominence as a Boston attorney. He married Bessie Woodbury Preston, daughter of a distinguished citizen of Boston, Andrew W. Preston. Judge Ong's other two children, both deceased, were named Horace Pumphery and Eileen Marie. 62 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS EDWIN GRAY TILLOTSON has for many years been closely identified with the financial life and affairs of Cleveland. Getting his first experience with a banking house when between fifteen and sixteen years of age, he has filled practically every clerical and official position in a banking institution and is now an executive officer in several well known organizations and director in many others. Mr. Tillotson was born at Painesville, Ohio, April 12, 1867, a son of Frank A. and Sarah (Gray) Tillotson. Edwin G. Tillotson had his schooling in the public institutions of Cleveland. October 1, 1882, he became messenger boy for the private banking house of E. B. Hale & Company. Four years later, August 2, 1886, he was made messenger in the Euclid Avenue National Bank, and in that institution he occupied every clerical position until he was made cashier in June, 1893. After that honors and responsibilities came rapidly. April 1, 1895, he was elected secretary and treasurer of The Cleveland Trust Company, a newly organized institution, was made vice president in June, 1903, and continued as its chief executive officer until February 22, 1909. In February, 1909, he was elected president of The Cuyahoga Telephone Company and chairman bf the board of directors of the United States Telephone Company. In order to give undivided attention to his personal affairs he severed his connection with the telephone companies on February 1, 1910. In the fall of 1909 he organized the private banking house of the Tillotson & Wolcott Company, being made president. On February 15, 1910, he was elected vice president of The Guarantee Title & Trust Company of Cleveland and since April, 1912, has been its president. The Tillotson & Wolcott Company, which Mr. Tillotson organized October 1, 1909, and of which he is president, is unquestionably one of the foremost investment banking firms of Ohio. It is a conservative and dignified house and its reputation has been as gilt edged as the securities it has handled. The firm specializes in corporation bonds and besides handling many complete and large issues and in large blocks, it has done much to popularize bond buying by small investors and was among the first firms in Cleveland to inaugurate the partial payment plan for acquiring such securities. Mr. Tillotson's chief associate in this business was the late F. B. Wolcott, who died January 2, 1914, though his name is still retained in the firm title. Mr. Tillotson is a director of the Cleveland National Bank and is connected with numerous other corporations and financial organizations. He is a member of the Bankers Club of New York and in national politics is a republican, but strictly independent in local affairs. He is a member of the Union Club, Country Club, Mayfield Country Club, Roadside Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, City Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and belongs to Western Reserve Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution. Since early youth he has been identified with the Protestant Episcopal Church. His chief recreation is the game of golf. May 1, 1895, he married Miss Grace Felton, of Cleveland, who died October 14, 1914. Their one daughter, Helen Elizabeth; was born in Cleveland and is now a student in the Hathaway Brown School of the city. GEORGE L. CRAIG, of the Craig-Curtiss Company, general contractors, with offices in the Guardian Building, was for ten years connected with the general contracting firm of John Gill & Sons, and before coming to Cleveland had the rigid training and experience of the best technical schools and some of the large contracting corporations of Scotland. To say that he is a Scotch engineer is perhaps the last word of praise as to efficiency and thoroughness. Mr. Craig comes of a large and remarkable Scotch family. He was born in Glasgow January 29, 1882, a son of John and Janet (Lochead) Craig. His parents are still living at Glasgow, both were born at Largs, Scotland, and were married at Glasgow April 24, 1867. Just fifty years later, in the spring of 1917, they celebrated their golden wedding anniversary. John Craig during his active career followed cabinet making. He was an expert in that line, and was employed on many large and important contracts for laying the fancy woodwork and interiors of ballrooms and mansions in the great homes of Scotland. He is still active at his trade, though now well advanced in years. He and his wife had a large family of ten children, six boys and four girls, five of the sons and three of the daughters still living. George L. Craig is the only member of the family now living in the United States. He is a naturalized American citizen. The other sons still CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 63 living have their home in Scotland, but only one of them could be present at the golden wedding celebration of their parents. This was due to the fact that all the other sons are in active war service. The one who was able to attend the celebration was James, who had been wounded and happened to be at home on a furlough. He is in the navy and will rejoin that branch of the service as soon as his wounds permit. The daughters now living are residents of Glasgow. John, the oldest of the children, now forty-eight, and too old for active service, is a munition worker in Glasgow. James L., the second in age, has already been mentioned. Janie A. W. is the wife of James A. Millen, who is now one of the oldest active members of the Antiquity Society of Scotland, an organization that dates back to the reign of Queen Anne. Jessie died six weeks after her marriage to Mr. Forsyth. William Walker is now serving with the army in Palestine as a motor dispatch rider, carrying dispatches between the lines on his motorcycle. Emma Agnes is still at home. The next in age is George L. Robert died in infancy. Dr. Thomas, Lawson, who is next younger in age to William Walker, is with the army in the African campaign. Peggy is the wife of James W. Gilfillan, of Glasgow, a marble importer. The sons, James and Thomas, lived in the United States for several years prior to the war. James was located in New. York and supervised the taking of supplies to the Panama Canal during its construction. He returned to Scotland in 1910. Thomas came to America at the age of sixteen, and lived on a farm with his uncle at Jessup, near Waterloo, Iowa. He went back to the old country at the age of twenty-one, took up medical studies in Glasgow and Edinburgh University, and has the title of Doctor of Public Health in the Government service of Scotland and also the degree of M. D. and M. B. Ch. B. George Craig spent his early life at Glasgow, graduating from high school in 1898, and after the full course received in 1904 the degree M. I. or Institute of Measures from the Glasgow Technical College. He also for five years served a practical apprenticeship with a regular quantity surveyor, being with Mr. Robert Scott, and was then appointed assistant quantity surveyor for the G. & S. W. Railway under William Melville, chief engineer. He served in that capacity three years. . Mr. Craig came to America to join the J. G. White Company of New York and Mon - Vol. II-5 treal. He made this trip in response to a special cable requesting his services, and while he was on the ocean a letter was transmitted from Cleveland from John Gill & Sons making another offer for his services. Mr. Craig arrived in New York City April 15, 1906, on Easter Sunday. After a few days he proceeded to Montreal, and on January 1, 1907, came to Cleveland to accept the offer from John Gill & Sons. He became assistant estimator and later chief estimator and local manager of this large firm of general contractors and was them ten years. On March 7, 1917, he withdrew from John Gill & Sons and organized the present firm of Craig-Curtiss Company. His associate is Mr. L. C. Curtiss, who was formerly with McKim, Mead & White, probably the foremost firm of American architects. A better combination of personal experience and talents for handling all classes of general contract work could hardly be desired. During the ten years he spent with John Gill & Sons Mr. Craig acted as estimator and supervisor during the construction of the new Cleveland Postoffice, the Leader-News Building, the Jersey City Courthouse in New Jersey, the Washington Postoffice in the District of Columbia, the Missouri State Capitol at Jefferson City, the Guardian Building of Cleveland, the main building and sub-stations of the Cleveland Illuminating Company, the main exchange and branch exchanges of the Cleveland Telephone Company, The Royal Motor Car Company Building, The Property. Company's warehouses, Taylor-Boggis Foundry Company Building, and a number of other large factories. Mr. Craig is an active member of the Cleveland Engineering Society, a member of The Builders Trades Employers Association, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, is a charter member of the Heights Lodge No. 633, Free and Accepted Masons, and. Heights Chapter, Royal Arch Masons. In polities he is a republican and attends worship at the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church. His chief recreation is golf and war gardening. His home is in Cleveland Heights, 3817 Mayfield Road, where he has nearly an acre of ground, with ample lawns and shade trees, and plenty of room for outdoor recreation. At Cleveland, April 15, 1913, he married Miss Teresa J. Cusick. Mrs. Craig was born at Stirling, Scotland, and was two years of age when brought to the United States by her par- 64 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ents, John and Mary (Joyce) Cusick. Her mother is still living, a resident of Cleveland. Her father, who died at Cleveland in 1907, was assistant superintendent with the American Ship Building Company. Mrs. Craig was educated in Cleveland, being a graduate of the West High School. She is active in the Red Cross and the Daughters of the British Empire. They have one son, George Armour Craig, born in Cleveland. ANSON W. BEMAN practiced law in Cleveland for over thirty years and was widely known as a citizen and business man. A son of Anson and Clarissa (Wheelock) Beman, he was born on a farm near Ravenna, Ohio, July 13, 1834. The active period of his life covered nearly forty years and he died at his home in Cleveland November 4, 1903, at the age of sixty-nine. He was educated in the public schools of Ravenna and Hudson, and also attended for a time the Western Reserve University. His law studies were carried on under the direction of two prominent members of the Ravenna bar, Hon. Alphonso Hart and Judge Conant. His admission to the bar occurred May 7, 1863, and he was admitted to practice in the United States courts in 1865. Mr. Beman began practice at Ravenna in the firm of Willard and Beman, but in 1870 removed his home and offices to Cleveland, where he was a member of the firm Eddy, Gaylord & Beman and later Beman & Cowin. For thirteen years before his death he was alone in practice and in the real estate business. Mr. Beman handled many important real estate deals in the city. As representative for the Leland family, prominent Chicago hotel owners, he sold the grounds to the Catholic Church and to the city government which were subsequently developed as Calvary Cemetery and Garfield Park. On account of failing health he retired from business more than a year before his death. His body was returned for burial to his old home at Ravenna. Mr. Beman was elected a member of the Board of Education of Cleveland and served during 1889-91. By appointment from Governor James E. Campbell he was a member of the State Board of Equalization in 1891. In the same year he was nominated for the State Senate on the democratic ticket, but went to defeat with the entire ticket. While on the board of education Mr. Beman secured the erection of the Miles Park School and the purchase of the land for the South High School. Mr. Beman was the type of citizen whose usefulness would be valued in any community : With ability as a lawyer and business man, went a splendid integrity of character, which made him a force for good in the community. In its early history he was an active worker for the Humane Society of Cleveland, and for several years served as its attorney. On December 30, 1873, he married Miss. Clara E. Williams. Her father, Cyrus Williams, who died when she was one year old, was a civil engineer and lived at Ohio. City (the west side). His name is found in the first Cleveland city directory of 1837 as a member of the city council. Mrs. Beman's stepfather was G. A. Hyde, for fifty years general superintendent of the Cleveland Gas Light & Coke Company. A. W. Beman and wife reared a family of children of exceptional attainments and accomplishments. Their names were Lytton S., Lamar T., Edith I., Ethel E., Lynn W. and Lois E. All the children have taught school at some time in their careers. Lytton S. was formerly principal of the Elementary Industrial School of Cleveland and is now a teacher in the Glenville High School. He resides with his family at 10606 Pasadena Avenue in Cleveland, and by his marriage to Olive Dutnall has two sons. The daughter, Edith I., is a graduate of the Western Reserve College for Women, also attended the University of Chicago and the University of Michigan one summer in each, and is now a teacher in the High School of Commerce of Cleveland. Ethel E. is a graduate of the Cleveland South High School, the Cleveland Normal Training School and is a teacher in the Bolton School of that city. Lynn W., a graduate of the Cleveland South High School and the Bradley Polytechnic Institute at Peoria, Illinois, is a teacher in the Glenville High School. Lois E. graduated from the Cleveland South High School, spent three years in the Western Reserve University College for Women, is a graduate of the Cleveland Normal Training School, spent two summer quarters in the University of Chicago, and is now a teacher in the Mayflower School of Cleveland. LAMAR T. BEMAN, present director of the Department of Public Welfare at Cleveland, is a man unusually alert to the opportunities. and the needs and problems of American life.. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 65 He is still young, but it is doubtful if any man in Cleveland could be found better qualified and fortified by a varied experience and research for the duties of his present position. Mr. Beman is an attorney, was formerly a teacher, is a student and writer. His liberal education was superimposed upon sound natural ability and talent inherited in part from a most worthy American ancestry. The Bemans have been Americans since 1764. He is a son of the late Anson W. Beman, a prominent Cleveland attorney whose sketch appears on other pages. Lamar T. Beman was born June 2, 1877. His early education was acquired in the Miles Park School, from which he graduated in 1893. During the following year he attended the Central High School, and from 1894 until his graduation in 1897 was a student in the South High School. He was a student of Adeibert College from 1897 to 1901, when he graduated A. B., and during the following year was in the Ohio State University, receiving the degree Master of Arts in 1902. Mr. Beman was a graduate student of Western Reserve University from 1903 to 1906, and spent the summer sessions of 1907-08 in the University of Wisconsin. He was graduated LL. B. in 1915 from the Cleveland Law School and admitted to the bar the same year. Like his brothers and sisters, he was for many years actively engaged in educational work. From 1902 to 1915 he was connected with the faculty of the East High School. Politically he has always been a republican, and in .1912 was nominated for the State Legislature, but was defeated on account of the split in the party that year. He was appointed and took up his duties as director of the Public Welfare January 1, 1916. Besides his other qualifications Mr. Beman has distinguished himself in his official administration by his courtesy and his thorough understanding of people as well as practical problems. Mr. Beman is author of "Compulsory Arbitration of Industrial Disputes," published in 1911 in. the Debaters Handbook Series, and of "Prohibition of the Liquor Traffic," published in the same series in 1916. Nearly every high school student and college worker is familiar with this valuable debaters series. His first work on compulsory arbitration of industrial disputes is found in a volume of 147 pages, containing selected articles on both sides of this subject. The third edition of this book has just been issued [1917]. For the Prohibition Handbook Mr. Beman filed a large number of quotations with a view to presenting fully and fairly the case for and against prohibition. He selected the best of what has been written and exercised his editorial judgment to keep out everything that is of a bitter or passionate nature. In presenting the case for prohibition he quoted the opinions of moll men as Frank J. Hanly, Robert G. Ingersoll, William J. Bryan and Arthur Capper. On the other side the opinions are expressed by such men as Hugo Munsterberg, William H. Taft, Oscar W. Underwood and Hugh F. Fox, A second and revised edition of this Handbook has just been published by the H. W. Wilson Company of New York City. This contains a selected bibliography and affirmative and negative briefs, the entire book containing 237 pages. In 1916 Mr. Beman, was professor of Constitutional Law at the Rufus P. Ranney Law School. He is a member of the Masons, the Knights of Pythias, the Alpha Tau Omega and Delta Theta Phi legal fraternities, and also the honorary debating fraternity, the Delta Sigma Rho. In Masonry his local connections are with Meridian Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and Cleveland Chapter No. 148, Royal Arch Masons. Mr. Reman is a charter member of the City Club and a member of the American Political Science Association and the American Economic Association, also the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is a member of the Miles Park Presbyterian Church. Mr. Beman is unmarried. LEE CLARK CURTISS. When The Guardian Savings and Trust Company of Cleveland were constructing their magnificent new home known as the Guardian Building, they called from the East as superintendent of construction a building engineer of wide and capable experience for many years connected with the firm of McKim, Mead & White, architects of New York City. Since the completion of the Guardian Building Mr. Lee C. Curtiss has remained in Cleveland and is member of the firm The Craig-Curtiss Company, general contractors, with offices in the Guardian Building. This company was incorporated February 24, 1917. Mr. Curtiss was born in New York City February 8, 1879, a son of George Brooks and Laura M. (Clark) Curtiss, both of whom are of old Connecticut ancestry, where the families have lived for generations. His father was born in Southington, Connecticut, and his mother in Hart- 66 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ford. They were married in New York City. George B. Curtiss received his degree B. A. from Yale College in 1863, and for about five years was a teacher in the Southington Academy in Connecticut. He then entered the wholesale hardware business at New York City and founded the George B. Curtiss Company, located on Chamber Street. He was one of the leading hardware merchants of that city for over forty years, and he died in New York City in February, 1911. His wife died in November, 1905, and both were laid to rest at Southington, Connecticut. At their respective deaths the father was sixty-seven and the mother fifty-five. George B. Curtiss while living in New York City was twice a candidate on the republican ticket for Congress, but was defeated owing to the large normal majority of the democrats in his district. George B. Curtiss had an only sister, who died quite young, while his wife was an only child. Thus Lee C. Curtiss has neither aunts, uncles or first cousins, and his immediate relatives are his brother and three sisters, there being five in the family. George L., the oldest, is manager of The Southington Cutlery Company in Southington, Connecticut; Agnes Isabel is the wife of H. M. McCallum, of Yonkers, New York; Julia H. is the wife of Andrew H. Green Evans, of New York City; the fourth in age is Lee C.; and Laura T. is still a resident of New York City. Lee Clark Curtiss, the only member of the family living in Ohio, was educated' in the public and private schools of New York and in 1901 graduated with the degree Civil Engineer from Dartmouth College. For about two years he was connected with the engineering department of the Manhlhttan Elevated Railway Company, now the Metropolitan Street Railway Company of New York City. He then joined the firm of McKim Mead & White and remained with them in various capacities for ten years, following which for two years he was building superintendent of the Canadian Pacific Railway Company with headquarters at Montreal. In January, 1915, Mr. Curtiss came to Cleveland as superintendent of construction for the New Guardian Building and continued on duty until that, one of the finest downtown office and bank buildings in Cleveland, was complete.. He and Mr. George L. Craig then established the present company, and both of them being men of wide experience, and highest connections have been accorded an exceptional amount of business for so young a firm. Mr. Curtiss is a charter member of Fernbrook Lodge No. 898, Free and Accepted Masons, at Yonkers, New York; member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and Calvary Presbyterian Church of Cleveland. In school and college days he was athletic, playing on baseball and football teams, and also tennis, and in a general way has kept up an active interest in outdoor sports. In New York City September 12, 1906, he married Miss Elise Duval Henderson, of Nashville, Tennessee, where she was born. She was educated chiefly in New York City, being a graduate of the Morris High School there. She is a daughter of S. J. and Jennie M. (MeNairy) Henderson. Her father was for a number of years a prominent lawyer at Nashville but died in New York City in 1907. Her mother is still living at Nashville. Mr. and Mrs. Curtiss, who reside at 2256 Bellfield Avenue, have two daughters, Elizabeth Lee, born in Yonkers, New York, and Margaret Duval, born in Cleveland. FRANK ASBURY ARTER, a retired resident and business man of Cleveland, became actively identified more than fifty years ago with the petroleum oil industry, when it was in its infancy. For a long period of years he was actively associated with the leaders in that business and at the same time acquired many other large interests, some of which he still holds, though largely in a nominal capacity. Mr. Arter was born at Hanoverton, Columbiana County, Ohio, March 8, 1841, a son of David and Charlotte (Leifer) Arter. He acquired a liberal education and attended that fine old Methodist institution known as Allegheny College at Meadville, Pennsylvania, where he graduated A. B. in 1864 and A. M. in 1865. Soon after leaving college in 1866 he entered the oil industry and only retired from it in 1907. He still keeps an office in the Schofield Building at Cleveland, but only to look after his private interests. Mr. Arter is a director of the First National Bank, The Cleveland Life Insurance Company, and The Land Title Abstract Company. For a great many years he has usqd his means and personal influence to promote the welfare of his old alma mater Allegheny College. He is also a director of St. Luke's Hospital and is one of the prominent laymen of the Methodist Episcopal Church, being treasurer of the Superannuates Fund Association of the Northeast Ohio Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church. He served as a lay delegate to the General Conferences of 1888, 1896, 1900, 1904, 1908, 1912 and 1916. Mr. Arter has given generously of his means to educational and benevolent objects. He is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and the Phi Kappa Psi college fraternities, of Union Club, Colonial Club, Wickliffe-on-Lake Club, and Willowiek Country Club. Politically he is a republican. Mr. Arter resides in Shaker Heights Village. He married Eliza Kingsley, daughter of Bishop Calvin Kingsley of Cleveland. They have three children: Mary Alice, the widow of the late Fred L. Taft, a prominent Cleveland lawyer and former member of the law firm Smith, Taft, Arter & Smith; Frances Blanche, Mrs. Lewis E. Myers, of Cleveland; and Charles K. Arter, a prominent young lawyer of the Cleveland bar. HOWARD BLACKETT. Now settled in the congenial routine of a profitable law practice, head of the firm Blackett & Elsner, with offices in the Guardian Building, Howard Blackett has as the background of his professional life an exceedingly varied and interesting experience. He began to practice the gospel of self help when a boy, and he knows the world and men through the avenues of experience. His birth occurred in Macomb County, Michigan, October 22, 1885. He is a son of Alfred Thomas and Madeline (George) Blackett. The farm where he spent his boyhood was acquired in pioneer times by his grandfather, Thomas Blackett, who came from England and settled in Southern Michigan when all was a wilderness and when the Indians were still numerous there. Alfred T. Blackett was born on the same farm as his son Howard, while his wife was born in the same county about two miles east at a place known as Friday guest. She is of German stock, while the paternal line is Scotch-English. Alfred T. Blackett had a public school education and was a graduate of the Michigan Agricultural College. His vocation has been farming, and always on scientific and efficient lines. In Macomb County he had 150 acres, and was regarded as one of the most prosperous and methodical agriculturists in that section. Besides rearing a large family of sixteen children he made what might be regarded as a small fortune through his farming activities, estimated at $40,000. In 1909 he sold his Michigan property and moved to Summerdale, Alabama, twenty miles west of Pensacola, Florida. Pensacola is his market town. There he acquired a section of southern land in the coast country. This land he has developed and worked on the same high class plan which prevailed on his Michigan farm. He has put into practice intensive and mixed farming. In the way of fruit he has 2,000 fig trees, twenty-two acres of oranges, mulberries, and his chief product is sugar cane. He also raises cotton and rice,.and in 1916 he produced 15,000 bushels of potatoes. He is a republican, and in Michigan served as school director and county assessor. The sixteen children comprised six daughters and ten sons, and all of them grew up and are still living except two sons, who died at the respective ages of four and three months. Some of these are now in Detroit, others with their father on the plantation, and Howard is the only one in Ohio. While a boy on the Michigan farm Howard Blaekett attended the public schools. There was in him a zest for adventure which could not be satisfied in the narrow environment of a Michigan homestead, and at the age of fourteen he left home and enlisted in the navy. He was in the naval service nearly four years. The last 1 1/2 years he was assigned to the Hospital Corps and for about a year was at the northernmost naval station in the United States, Kittery, Maine. For some time he was also in the Boston Naval Hospital, and on leaving the navy he was employed as a male nurse in the Boston City. Hospital and the Massachusetts General Hospital of Boston While there he managed to make up the deficiencies of his earlier education, one winter attending the high school at Cambridge, Massachusetts. His liberal education has come largely as a matter of experience. He has taken courses through the International Correspondence School of Scranton and the Spencerian Commercial College of Cleveland. For about two years he lived at Buffalo, New York, where part of the time he was conductor on the Buffalo & Niagara Falls Suburban Line, and the last year was timekeeper and cost clerk for the Century Telephone Construction Company. On May 1, 1908, Mr. Blackett arrived in Cleveland from Bulaffo. His first position here was as bookkeeper and cashier of The Cleveland Athletic Club. He secured this position through Victor Sincere, general man- 68 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ager of The Bailey Company of Cleveland, for whom Mr. Blackett has since entertained the highest degree of respect and admiration. He was cashier of the club two years, and while there he took preparatory work in. the high school of the Baldwin-Wallace University, and he also studied law in the Cleveland Law School, where he was graduated LL. B. in 1913 and admitted to the Ohio bar on June 27th of the same year. While studying law he also worked as assistant credit man and manager of the claim department of The Halle Brothers Compaify of Cleveland. After his admission to the bar Mr. Blackett began practice with the firm of Bartholomew, Leeper & White, but on October 1, 1916, began practice for himself. March 1, 1917, he associated with himself Sidney E. Elsner, under the firm name of Blackett & Elsner. Their chief practice is commercial and corporation work. Mr. Blackett has also been admitted to practice in the Federal courts. He is treasurer of the Cleveland United States Naval Club, is a member of General Garretson Camp No. 4, Spanish American War Veterans at Cleveland, and the Cleve.: land Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Bar Association, the Young Men's Christian Association, and Britannia Lodge No. 38, Sons of St. George. While living in Buffalo he was a member of Company E of the Seventy-fourth New York National Guards. Mr. Blackett and family reside at 2621 East One Hundred Thirtieth Street. Aside from business he. finds his chief recreation in gardening and in flowers and in a happy family life. He married at Cleveland November 1, 1908, Miss Margaret E. Nally. She was born in Cleveland, was educated in the public and commercial schools, and is a daughter of Martin W. and Margaret (McGrath) Nally, who were born and married in Ireland and came to Cleveland thirty-four years ago. Her father has throughout this time been car inspector for the Standard Oil Company on the Cleveland West Side. Mr. and Mrs. Blackett have three children : Howard William, Kenneth Emery and Patricia Marie, all. of whom were born in Cleveland. H. W. BEATTIE, diamond merchant in the Arcade on Euclid Avenue, has been in that business in this city for about thirty years, and has been identified with the jewelry business in general lines since early youth and for the past eleven years has been an exclusive diamond merchant. The Beattie store is not a large one, since obviously precious stones do not require the space for display that other merchantable commodities do. But, notwithstanding, the Beattie establishment probably attracts more attention daily from the citizens of Cleveland than any other place of business. The unique window displays have no doubt been a large factor in the popularity of the establishment. Every day thousands of dollars worth of unmounted jewels are used in making up popular emblems and designs in the center of the window. This window is heavily barred with steel inside, affording protection to displays which frequently are valued at many thousands of dollars. The American flag is one of the most popular designs with Mr. Beattie. In the latter part of May the largest display ever attempted showed a design of the flag made by using oriental rubies, sapphires and diamonds. The flag was about 3 by 2 inches and the pole about 6 inches high. The gems represented in the ensemble were valued at $10,000. Under the design Mr. Beattie laid out amethysts to spell "The Stars and Stripes Forever." These designs vary from day to day, and even some of our national men have been portrayed. Both Washington and Lincoln have been used as subjects in these designs, and artists abroad have complimented Mr. Beattie on the artistic manner in which he has made his displays. Recently another patriotic sign made of unset stones composed, the colors red, white and blue. The gems were laid in the effect of a badge from which hung the words "Enlist." Never a day passes but what something attractive is to be found in the Beattie display window. Concerning this small and exclusive store a local journal recently published a column article, from which it is appropriate to quote some of the paragraphs : To a Cleveland diamond merchant is given the credit of displaying a small fortune in precious stones every business day in the year, and this merchant is attracting more attention than ever these days because of the patriotic fervor that is sweeping the City of Cleveland. According to traveling men his displays have never been equalled by anyone in the country. Mr. Beattie's sop, Reveley G. Beattie, is himself an artist and is associated with his father. They deal in nothing but genuine precious stones of all kinds, and their motto is : "We Sell Perfect Diamonds Only." For years past the Beattie window, which marks the entrance to one of the smallest retail stores in Cleveland, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 69 has been the mecca for all who appreciate the novel and the fine. The reason is the designs shown in this window. Upon backgrounds of various colors as a foundation the picture is created in diamonds, rubies, emeralds, sapphires, pearls and other stones. Nothing else is shown in the window and hence the attention of the onlookers is riveted upon the designs, and this in turn creates a desire to possess precious stones. These designs differ according to seasons and new events. One in February, 1917, attracted unusual attention on account of the break with Germany and the United States. The display was based upon this national event, and was kept on view two days instead of one as is the usual rule. One of the pictures presented was Uncle Sam, probably one of the most expensive ever shown, worth $10,000. There has also appeared this year in the window display a portrait of George Washington, made up of diamonds, rubies, emeralds and sapphires, which represented a value of $15,000. In honor of the Grand Circuit races held at North Randall track, near Cleveland, Mr. Beattie had a very timely display of unset cut stones designed to form the head and neck of a horse outlined with cut amethysts. The eye of the horse was a diamond and the trappings and bridle were diamonds. Hugh Wilson Beattie, founder. and proprietor of this business, was born at St. Marys, in Perth County, Ontario, Canada. His parents were Samuel and Sarah Jane (Wilson) Beattie. His father was born in the north of Ireland and his mother at Stratford, Ontario. Samuel Beattie was for many years a shoe manufacturer at St. Marys, Stratford, and also at Cleveland. He and his wife came to Cleveland about 1880 and both parents died in this city. H. W. Beattie was educated at Stratford, Ontario. He was one of a household of eleven children, all of whom but one grew up and nine are still living. Mr. Beattie continued to make his home at Stratford, Ontario, until about twenty-four years of age. He learned the diamond business there, serving an apprenticeship for six years with John Welsh, a jeweler and diamond merchant. .In 1884 Mr. Beattie came to Cleveland, several years after his parents, and engaged in business for himself on the corner of Ontario and Prospect streets. For three years he continued in the general jewelry business and he then went to Cambridge, Ohio, and managed the establishment of J. F. Salmon, who during Cleveland's administration was postoffice inspector. Two years later Mr. Beattie returned to Cleveland, and has since been continuously in business, gradually eliminating his jewelry stock until since 1906 he has dealt exclusively in jewels. He handles nothing but perfect diamonds and no second rate stock is ever permitted to come into his store. It is the only store of its kind in Cleveland, and for loose diamonds, designs of precious stones, and mounting of all kinds of gems this store is the first resort for all people of particular tastes. Like many successful business men, Mr. Beattie has a hobby, and that is farming. In fact his home is on a farm in Chagrin Township, in Cuyahoga County, where he owns eighty-five acres of highly developed land. Mr. Beattie is a republican, a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Canadian Club, and though reared as a Presbyterian is now a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church at Chagrin Falls. February 1, 1893, at Cleveland, he married Miss Lucy Northup, daughter of Curtis N. G. and Margaret (Morton) Northup. Both parents are now deceased. Her father was a business man of Cleveland, coming here many years ago, and conducted a general merchandise store on Superior Street. Mr. and Mrs. Beattie have three sons, Hugh N., Reveley G. and Milton M. Hugh has from time to time taken special courses in the Ohio State University Agricultural Department and is a practical farmer on his father's place in Chagrin Township. The son Reveley G. attended Ohio Wesleyan University three terms and then became associated with his father as special designer. He is now in the United States Navy, being on the United States steamship Astoria. Milton, a student in the Chagrin Falls High School, is also with his father as a designer. All the sons were born in Cleveland on old Madison Avenue, now Seventy-ninth Street, and were educated in the local schools. HARRY C. ROBINSON educated himself for the law, but after a brief practice entered business affairs at Cleveland, at first as a manufacturer and for the past thirteen years has been connected with The Guardian Savings and Trust Company and is now the first vice president of that great financial institution. Mr. Robinson's family history connects him with a number of men and women who were pioneers in Northern Ohio and people who have played an active and worthy part in different spheres of the world's work. He was 70 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS born in Royalton Township of Cuyahoga County November 6, 1869, son of Charles and Maria M. (Bark) Robinson. His grandfather, Ebenezer Robinson, like most of the early settlers of Northern Ohio, came out of the State of Connecticut. About 1820 he settled at Richfield in Summit County, Ohio, followed farming there, but about 1882 sold his farm and retired to the Village of Brooklyn, now in the City of Cleveland, and died when about eighty-one years of age. Ebenezer Robinson married Diana Chaffee, an aunt of General Chaffee, who was killed in the Philippines. Mr. Robinson's maternal grandfather was Francis Bark. When Northern Ohio was still a wilderness he started from Canadaigua, New York, and walked all the way to Royalton Township of Cuyahoga County, carrying a rifle on his shoulder. He located a tract of land in that township, but for a time worked at his trade of tanner in Cleveland. Every Monday he would leave his farm and walk to Cleveland, a distance of twelve miles, putting in the working days of the week at his trade and then return home Saturday. Later he gave up his trade and settled down as a farmer. Francis Bank married in Royalton Township Lucina Granger, one of whose brothers fought as a soldier in the War of 1812. The Granger family have a number of prominent members who have been active in making history. One of the brothers of Francis Bark was an officer in the English army. Charles Robinson, father of the Cleveland banker, was born at Richfield in Summit County, Ohio, and in early life became a farmer in Cuyahoga County. Later he opened a merchandise business on West Twenty-fifth Street in what was then Brooklyn Village. He kept a general store and was in business there over thirty years. He then retired, and died December 22, 1914, at the age of eighty-three. He was widely known in public affairs and as a republican, was a member of the village council of Brooklyn and was deputy sheriff under Sheriff Dewstoe. He had a very wide acquaintance throughout the southern part of Cuyahoga County and was a citizen who commanded complete respect wherever he was known. He and his wife were married in Royalton Township June 16, 1859, and they lived to celebrate their golden wedding anniversary in 1909. His wife was born in Royalton Township and died at Cleveland July 20, 1917, at the age of eighty-five. Thus on both sides. Harry C. Robinson comes of long-lived and vigorous stock. His mother was a member of the Brooklyn Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church for over half a century and was devoted to its various causes. Harry C. Robinson is the only living child of his parents. His only brother died in infancy and his sister died at the age of six years. He grew up in a home of comfort and with an environment calculated to inspire his best abilities. He graduated from the Brooklyn Village High School with the class of 1886, and in 1891 received the Bachelor of Science degree from the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. In the meantime he was studying law in the offices of Henderson, Kline & Tolles, working at his law books afternoons and evenings, while the rest of the day he spent as a practical newspaper man. He was city editor of the old Sunday Sun, a paper that was issued only on Sunday, and which expired after the Cleveland dailies began publishing Sunday issues. In 1892 Mr. Robinson was admitted to the Ohio bar, but practiced law only two years. He then engaged in the manufacturing business, being one of the organizers of the Cleveland Chocolate & Cocoa Company. He was its vice president and was an active factor in the management fol. ten years, when in 1903 he and his associates sold out. The business is still a flourishing industry at Cleveland. On February 21, 1904, Mr. Robinson became connected with The Guardian Trust Company, now The Guardian Savings & Trust Company, as manager of its real estate department. In 1913 he was promoted to the position of vice president. Mr. Robinson is also a director and president of The James A. Hind Realty Company, president and director of The Continental Realty Company, secretary of The Cleveland Wire Goods Company, and director of The Metal Craft Company. He is also widely known in civic and social affairs, being a member of the Union Club, University Club, the 10ountry Club, Mayfield Country Club, Civic League, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Automobile Club, Bankers Club of Cleveland, and in politics is a republican. His recreations are golf and motoring. The Robinson home is at 1858 East Eighty-second Street. November 1, 1900, he married Miss Josephine Crawford. They were married in Chicago, Illinois, where Mrs. Robinson was reared from early childhood. She was CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 71 born at Durham, Canada. Her father was Dr. Joseph Crawford, who died there when she was a small girl. Later her mother, Marian (Finlay) Crawford, moved to Chicago. Mrs. Robinson is well known in Cleveland social circles. EDWIN BAXTER is cashier of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, having joined the official staff with the establishment of the bank in 1914. Prior to that time he was identified with the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, of which he was one of the executive officials for a number of years. Mr. Baxter has been a resident of Cleveland through his college years and his acti\e business career. He was born in Grand Haven, Michigan, September 12, 1878, but spent most of his boyhood in Southern California. He is a son of Edwin and Ellen Louise (Scagel) Baxter, both of whom are now deceased. Judge Baxter spent his early life at Grand Rapids, Michigan, where he was city clerk. He was there when the war broke out and enlisted in the First Regiment of Michigan Mechanics and Engineers as lieutenant in Company C. He served from 1862 until the close of the war. Following the war he located at Grand Haven, Michigan, and for a number of years was prominent in affairs there as a lawyer and was also probate judge of Ottawa County. In 1881 Judge Baxter moved to Los Angeles, California. He served as court commissioner at Los Angeles, as president of the Southern California Historical Society, and was active in Grand Army affairs, at one time being state commander of the California department. His death occurred in Los Angeles in 1910. His wife had died there in 1895. Edwin Baxter was the only child of his mother; he has a half-sister by his father's earlier marriage, Miss Minnie S. Baxter, now a school teacher in Los Angeles. Edwin Baxter was educated in the public and high schools of Los Angeles, graduating from the latter in 1897. In the fall of that year he came. to Cleveland to enter Adelbert College of Western Reserve University. During the sophomore year of 1899 he left college to earn some money and finance his further education. In 1901 he resumed his work in the university and graduated A. B. with the class of 1903. In February, 1902, while still in college, Mr. Baxter was made the first secretary of the Convention Board of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, using his afternoons and such other time as was necessary in traveling to secure conventions and perform other work. In 1905 Mr. Baxter was made secretary also of the Retail Merchants Board of Cleveland, and assistant secretary of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. In 1912 he was also made industrial commissioner of the Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Baxter was secretary of the joint committee of the Chamber of Commerce and other organizations which carried out the successful campaign to secure the location of the Federal Reserve Bank for this district in Cleveland. He was made secretary of the Federal Reserve Bank and on January 1, 1916, was promoted to cashier. Mr. Baxter is secretary of the Bankers Club of Cleveland, a member of the University Club and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and president (1917-18) of the Cleveland Heights Civic Club. He spends many of his leisure hours among his books. His home is at 3037 East Overlook Road. At Cleveland June 22, 1904, Mr. Baxter married Miss Marguerite Noakes, formerly of Monroe, Michigan. They have one son, Alan Edwin, born at Cleveland November 19, 1908. JOHN ROLLIN BLAKESLEE, who was identified with the City of Cleveland from 1878 until his death, was a prominent manufacturer and business man, founding and serving many years as president of The Ajax Manufacturing Company. The success he attained was partly due to the expression of his individual character and also by many worthy qualities which he inherited from his ancestry. The record of the Blakeslee family in America goes back into the seventeenth century. They were a most sturdy class of English people, were high-minded, independent thinking, and able in both word and deed. One of the salient characteristics of the family was its devotion to church and religion. The great-grandfather of the late John R. Blakeslee was Samuel Blakeslee, a soldier and officer in both the Revolution and War of 1812. In his' declining years he wrote out for the benefit of his descendants a record of the early family and of his own career, especially the incidents of his military service. It is chiefly from a transcript of this record that the following account is condensed. The American founders of the family were two brothers, Samuel. and John Blakeslee. 72 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS They were blacksmiths and on coming. from England they brought their anvil, vise and other implements, landing at Boston. They bought the narrow and barren strip of land joining the peninsula of the Town of Boston to the mainland, and known then and since as Boston Neck. Here they lived with their families a few years and endeavored to support them by blacksmithing. As the Village of Boston was then poor and small and the land where they were located unproductive, they left that locality with their families and going around by the seashore reached New Haven, Connecticut. Here Samuel bought land while John went northwest of New Haven and into the western part of what is now the State of Connecticut. John founded a family that afterwards had many prominent representatives. It is to be remarked that the brothers on leaving Boston did not sell their land, thinking it would enhance in value in after years. Time went on and they failed to look after their interests and let the title lapse by inattention to land which is now worth many millions. Of the two brothers, Samuel Blakeslee was the founder of the branch in which this article is particularly interested. In the course of years his descendants became scattered all about the several towns in which the original Town of New Haven was divided, most of them being in North Haven. Samuel Blakeslee the immigrant had a son beziezer, one of whose sons was named Samuel, and this Samuel was the father of Joseph, father of the Revolutionary soldier Samuel Blakeslee. Samuel, grandfather of the soldier, had his home in the Town of Wallingford, Connecticut, part of the original Town of New Haven. He lived and died there, as did his son Joseph in the same house. Grandfather Samuel married Elizabeth Dolittle, and was the father of two sons and nine daughters. The sons were Joseph and Samuel, the latter dying at the age of nineteen. Samuel Blakeslee, the writer of the record, was about two years of age when his grandfather died, and it was at his request that the 'grandson was named Samuel. The daughters in the family were named Elizabeth, Susannah, Abigail, Miriam, Zuriah, Thankful, Hannah and Phebe. All of these lived to be a great age and had large families of children. Joseph Blakeslee, father of Colonel Samuel, was born on the 1st day of April, old style, and was married the 1st day of April, new style. The maiden name of his wife was Lois Ives. She was the daughter of Stephen Ives, of Wallingford. Joseph Blakeslee was a noncommissioned officer in the French war and was in the battle of Lake George. He married after his return from the war. They had twelve children, the first two dying in infancy. Among these Col. Samuel Blakeslee was born November 23, 1759. Colonel Samuel's record of his Revolutionary service has an abiding interest for all his descendants and is a valuable commentary upon some phases of the struggle for independence. The record is therefore given entire. "The Revolutionary war broke out when I was about fifteen years old. The country being in an uproar and confusion volunteer companies were raised; the boys caught the military fever and boy companies with wooden guns were raised. In one of these companies I was chosen captain, this being in the year 1775. The next year I conceived the idea of going into the army. In those days a boy of sixteen was liable to bear arms. The British then lay in Boston and after many pleadings with my parents they gave me leave to enlist as a soldier under Capt. Isaac Cook, of Wallingford. This being about the month of February, 1776. My father took me to the captain for enlistment. The captain said I looked like a good strong boy and, as he thought, a little too small for a soldier, but if I could measure five feet five inches tall he would take ' me. But to my mortification I was only five feet four and one-half and was of course denied enlistment. The following June there was a company raised by Capt. John Thatcher, of New Haven. Ephraim Chamberlain, of Wallingford, one of his lieutenants, agreed to enlist me as a soldier. I accordingly enlisted under him in July, 1776. I joined my company at New Haven, received my arms and marched on to the northward as far as Skeensborough. now Whitehall, and joined the army there. lying then under the command of General Waterbury. Here our army became sick with the ague and suffered everything but death. Generals Gates and Arnold, with the remnant of the army that fled from Quebec, were stationed down the lake at Ticonderoga, and all the effective men at Skeenshorough were ordered there. At this time I was so sick that I could scarcely help myself, but was determined to go down the lake. My officers gave me liberty to do so and I was helped on board of a valley and was landed at what was called Old Ty Point but the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 73 lake to Mount Independence with the rest of our regiment. The mount at this time was a wild forest. I laid sick on the ground night and day for some time by a fire with the well soldiers until they built a small log hut. At this time the American fleet moved down the lake. Generals Arnold and Waterbury and all the men that were acquainted with seafaring were put on board the fleet. My captain and part of his company were on board. They had a naval engagement and the American fleet was destroyed. My captain and his men were made prisoners and sent home on parole, but those that escaped set fire to Crown Point Fort and Bannock's Barracks which was consumed with a tremendous fire and smoke that exhibited scenery at Ticonderoga. Here I stayed until about the 1st of December, was then discharged, and after a long and wearisome journey arrived at my father's house the 16th day of December, worn out and sick. There were enlisting orders for two months and a half for men to go to White Plains. I conceived the notion of trying another short campaign. I enlisted on the 1st of January, 1777, under Lieut. Dan Johnson, of Wallingford. The company was commanded by Capt. Augustus Collins of Guilford and joined the regiment at New Rochelle, near White Plains, commanded by Colonel Cook, of Wallingford. In these two campaigns I was too slender and young for a soldier. However, I bore them with military fortitude. "In the spring of 1777 I was drafted from the militia and stationed at New Haven. At this time the standing army was being raised and Connecticut regiments were rendezvousing at this place. The fine regimentals and martial music so raised my feelings that I resolved to become a soldier in the standing army. I obtained a pass from my officers to go home for two days, which was eighteen miles distant. The reason I obtained this pass was to consult my parents about enlisting. The first time I enlisted as a soldier I promised them that I would never enlist without their consent, but I secretly resolved that I would not leave teasing them until I had worn out their patience, which was the case in my first two enlistments. On my arrival at home I candidly told them my errand. I told it to my mother first, and to my surprise she told me that my father and herself had been talking on the same subject and thought that since soldiers must be had it was likely that I would be called away in the militia and that I might as well make a business of it first as last and be receiving my pay. My parents were poor but industrious and found it hard to support their family in the time of war. I was a saving boy and out of my five monthi wages at the northward, which was $6 a month, making $30, I brought home to my father $20 1 shilling and 1 sixpence, and I saved all my wages that were paid me for my ten weeks winter campaign, which was paid my father by my captain. I expect that the distress of the times and the urgency of their case was a great inducement to them to make me a soldier. The next day after my arrival father took me to Lieutenant Chamberlain and I enlisted under him for three years service in the standing army. The bounty paid my father down was, from the United States $20 and the town for encouragement of the recruiting service paid each soldier $40, amounting in all to $60. At the time of raising the standing army the Legislature, for the encouragement of the war, passed an act that any two men that would hire one man for the service should be exonerated from being called on themselves during his service. At this time my father and Charles Ives hired Barngath Hall for three years and paid him $40. At my enlistment he sold me to Robert Riee, the other man I have forgotten or never knew, for $106.66, paid in hand, so that my father cleared himself by hiring for three years and sold me for the same time with a saving of $86.66, in addition of the $60 from the state and town. "My enlistment was made on the 1st of May, 1777, and I was called to leave home about the 1st of June with my officer, Lieutenant Chamberlain, and a number of other soldiers. My father accompanied us with a horse to help along our baggage as far as Danbury, about fifty miles, where he gave me his farewell address, which I shall not do him justice to mention without weeping. The next morning my father returned home and we took up our march for Peekskill and joined the army, which was collecting at that place. Here the army was taught the military exercise and had many hard marches as scouting parties. I well recollect that I was on private guard when one John Murray was confined and under sentence of death to be executed the next day. I stood sentry over him more than sixteen hours out of twenty-four. I was taken sick in the night but did my duty until relieved the next morning by a new guard. At the 8 o'clock drum the troops were paraded and marched to tallow's Hill, I under arms with the rest, and saw him hanged. After being dismissed I was 74 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS soon found to be broke out with the measles. However, I was fit for duty again in a few days. About this time Lord Howe landed his army at the head of the Elk River and a part of the troop was called for. Eight regiments were sent to the southward, six from Connecticut and two from Rhode Island. My colonel was Homer Swift. The battle of Brandywine was before our arrival, but we hastened and joined Washington's grand army. In about a week we had marching orders about sunset, and marched all night. About 4 o'clock in the morning we received information that Lord Howe had the day before marched his army to take possession of Philadelphia, but had left 4,000 men as a rear guard and General Washington was calculating to take or destroy them. This information was conveyed from rank to rank by whispers. This aroused my feelings as I had never seen bloodshed in all my service. However, I was determined to stick and hang. I had at that time sixty-four rounds of cartridges with three buckshot in each. The battle commenced at daylight with a tremendous roar, a little on our right, by Lord Sterling, and the British gave way. I then belonged to the left wing of the army commanded by Major General Stevens, of Carolina, but the fate of the day turned against us and we had to retrace our steps. After these events 'the army took up their winter quarters at a place called Valley Forge, where I was stationed on General Varnum 's Guard, from whence I was taken and put under the care of a drum major by the name of William Chandler and by his instruction and my own exertions became a good drummer, in which employ I continued during my term of service, which was about two years. About the last of May, I think, Lord Howe left Philadelphia for New York. General Washington followed him up until he arrived at Monmouth, New Jersey, where he gave him battle that terminated favorably for the Americans. After this battle the army marched to Peekskill, from thence to White Plains, from thence to winter quarters, some one way, some another. The Connecticut troops built huts at Danbury, in their native state. During the winter provisions, clothing and pay became very scarce and the troops grew uneasy. The Connecticut troops, about 600 of them, disbanded and took their march for Connecticut, but were met by General Putnam and after some conversation returned to their duty, although there was one man killed by the name of Crosby. In the month of February a draft of 150 men was sent to New London. iviy captain was sent and I was taken with him as drummer. My captain was Stephen Hall of Guilford, father of Gen. Amos Hall of Bloomfield. This captain that went to New London was the same that 1 enlisted under, but had been promoted to captain of another company. I was stationed at Groton Fort till me troops were recalled to join the grand army in the May following, at or near Fishkill. About the first week of July following there was a brigade of infantry taken out of the army, Captain Chamberlain was taken from our regiment. I belonged to Colonel Swift's regiment. The infantry I was put into was commanded by Colonel Meigs. General Wayne commanded the brigade of infantry and the 15th of July marched from Sandy Beach, about six miles below West Point Fort, through tne woods back of the Highlands about fourteen miles down the river to Stony Point Fort, and on the 16th in the morning stormed the fort, made prisoners of the garrison and captured the contents, which consisted of about 600 men, twelve pieces of artillery, magazine, etc. This brigade lay in the tents until the 31st of December, then it broke up and the troops from the different states returned to their respective regiments from which they were taken. The Connecticut troops were halted in Morristown Wood, New Jersey, where 1 found my old company. This was a very cold and destroying winter, both on account of the severity of the weather and the want of provisions and clothing for the army. About the last of March I was put on the line with a large body of troops at the town of Springfield, where my term of enlistment expired. Here I received an honorable discharge from the army and returned home to my father's family in Connecticut in the year 1780, in the twenty-first year of my age. But it was not long before I was drafted in the militia for a short time and my father was drafted also. He being a non-commissioned officer in the household band I thought it my duty to go in his stead. Accordingly I went for him for about two weeks." On the 20th of December, 1780, Samuel Blakeslee married Phebe Curtis, at Wallingford. They had nine children : Osi, born November 24, 1781; Samuel, born November 17, 1783; Asenath, born June 4, 1785; Joel, born August 13, 1787; Phebe, born October 30, 1789; Federal, born January 25, 1792; Gad, born June.13, 1794; Lois Ives, born October 12, 1796; John Adams, born June 4, 1799. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 75 For about eighteen months after his marriage he lived with his father in a part of the old home, and then moved to Colebrook. He had previously taken a farm of new land for ten years from Mr. Isaac Ogden. Mr. Ogden built a fine house and barn and it was the agreement that Mr. Blakeslee should clear and cultivate twenty-five acres, put out an orchard, take care of it, pay the taxes and leave it at the end of ten years. He cleared and finished the other items of the agreement in five years, and was able to buy five acres a mile south, where he built a small house, barn and sawmill. Even after settling down to the quiet vocation of farming his military service was by no means ended. About a year after he located at Colebrook he was appointed drum major in the Twenty-fifth Regiment of the militia and filled that station ten or twelve years. Subsequently he was chosen lieutenant of the 117 men commanded by Capt. Samuel Mills, and served one year. On the promotion of Captain Mills he was chosen almost unanimously as captain of the company. A year later he was made captain of a light infantry company, and had charge of this for six years. During this time he sold his farm and bought a much larger and better place in the north part of the town. In the early years of the century he again volunteered for service in the west against the British and Indians, but did not reach the scene of action. He was also appointed to the Thirteenth Regiment of the Army of the United States, and was stationed at Hebron, and raised a company which joined the regiment at New Haven. During his service with the military of Connecticut he was an adjutant two years, was then appointed first major and two years later became colonel. About that time he was elected a representative to the General Assembly and while in the Legislature resigned his position in the army, which, after considerable delay, was granted. He was reelected for a second term in the Assembly. About that time he sold his property in Colebrook and moved his family to Avon. Ontario County, now Livingston, New 'York. That was the home of his later years. He left Colebrook 'Tannery 26th and arrived at Avon, then Hartford, February 12. 1808. His first wife died there November 29, 1812, and on December 11th he married the widow of John Pearson. When the second war with Great Britain Caine on Colonel Blakeslee felt. a reviving of the old Revolutionary snirit. He was chosen captain of a company of Home Guards, made up of men exempt from regular military duty. But when the alarm came from the west he and his men started toward Buffalo, and as his previous military experience made him a natural leader he was in course of time made lieutenant colonel of the New York Volunteers. Thus it happened that he was one of the principal officers in command at the historic engagement known as Black Rock. The chief incidents of this campaign which he noted in' his personal record deserve quotation. "During our stay on parade there had been several unsuccessful detachments sent down to Black Rock. A body of British troops and Indians had landed that evening and lay in ambush. These detachments of militia had been sent down at the flash of a few British guns. A few wounded men fled back into the woods. About 4 o'clock on the morning of December 30, 1813; I was ordered to march my regiment to the Rock and do the best I could but be sure to keep good my flanks. I had never been at the Rock, the night was dark, and I requested a pilot. A brave Sergeant Smith volunteered his services and led me safely into the field of slaughter. A little before I halted my regiment I met Colonel Chapin, who had been unsuccessful with his detachment. Of him I got information that a small party of British were landed and Were in ambush, and, being by some circumstance convinced that there were but few of them, was very urgent that I should destroy them. We went on until the British fired a few shots on a party of horsemen which was about twenty rods in my front. The regiment was in two battalions, the first commanded by myself and the second by Major Gardner. In this situation I called a council of war. * * * It was agreed best to attack the British and not wait for them to attack us. The plan of operation was this, that I should march the first battalion with charged bayonets and not fire until we had landed our bayonets among the British soldiery, and as soon as I had left the ground Major Gardner was to march his battalion on to the ground that had left and stand ready to take the second charge in case I failed in the first. I gave my orders accordingly. The men being prepared I gave the order shoulder arms. This plan had it been pursued would have been very rash and I would have lost myself and my regiment. At the instant I was going to give the word charge and march Captain Rowley stepped from the ranks to me and very politely said, "Colonel, we are willing to fight, but would it not be more prudent to wait a few minutes, it is 76 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS almost daybreak, and then we can better know how to fight and what we are fighting.' I thought his observations good and embraced them and waited for daylight, which soon came. "While we were waiting some of the artillery from both sides of the river began to play. The British threw hot shot, spherical and bomb shells, which made a grand military display. I continued my position for about twenty minutes, when an express arrived from General Hall for me to return, for the British boats were discovered to be crossing the river above us and to meet them if possible at the water's edge. I immediately wheeled off my regiment by platoons and with a forced march met them a few rods from the shore and poured in such a shower of balls among them that out of three boat loads, sixty men in each, there were but about fourteen left that were not killed or wounded. Here I lost a few men. The British and Indians that I had left behind rose from their ambush and followed me to this place. After destroying the men in the boats I faced the regiment about and attacked them in good earnest. These were, according to the best information I can get, about 800 British and 200 Indians. A number of brave men joined in the action from other regiments that had been scattered in the night. This attack on the British and their attack on us continued one hour but we' being overpowered by number and discipline a retreat became necessary, which was made in much confusion. The British set fire to the village of Black Rock and marched to Buffalo, which they pillaged and partly burned and then recrossed to Canada. My men being scattered, the most of them having gone home, I had no command and stayed at Eleven Mile Creek the next day. The day following, which vas the 1st of January, 1814, the British troops came over and destroyed the remainder of Buffalo, but for want of men and ammunition on our part there was but little fighting done and but two or three killed on either side. About 11 o'clock in the evening I set out for home, where I arrived safely in about three days." That Colonel Blakeslee was a very stanch and cool soldier has abundant evidence. During the battle of Black Rock the commanding British officer, about eight rods distant, observed Colonel Blakeslee on horseback and ordered a volley of balls to be fired in his direction, saying, "If that old devil lives we shall lose the .day; kill him and the day is ours." His orders were obeyed, but the shot went by the American colonel except for a minor wound in the foot. Some women who were taken prisoners with the British were asked "what old man that was that fought so like the devil at Black Rock 9" The reply was that it was Colonel Blakeslee, commanding a regiment of Federals from Ontario County. The British officer, as these women were being returned, said: "Give my compliments to the old gentleman and tell him that I would rather fight three democrat regiments than one Federal, for they fight more like devils than men." Only a partial record of the children of Col. Samuel Blakeslee can be given. His oldest child, Osi, died suddenly at Chardon, in Geauga County, Ohio. Joel removed from Connecticut to Colebrook, .Ashtabula County, in 1819, and died there in. 1863, leaving three sons, Samuel, Lemuel and John Adams. Asenath married at Avon, New York, a Mr. Merrill. Phebe married a Mr. Fenn and they lived at Medina, Ohio. Federal married Miss Whaley and lived at Conneaut, Ohio. Gad married a Miss Brown, of Caledonia, New York, and they had a son Frank and a daughter Eliza. Samuel, a son of Colonel Samuel, and grandfather of the late John R. Blakeslee, of Cleveland, married Rowhannah Loomis. They had two children, Aurelia, who died in infancy, and Samuel. This Samuel was three months of age when his mother died, and in 1815 the father married the widow of James Applebee, of Franconia, New Hampshire. Her maiden. name was Abigail Whitmore, and she had two sons by her first marriage, Calvin and Gillman Applebee. In 1817 Samuel Blakeslee brought his family to Conneaut, Ohio, and he spent the rest of his life there. His second wife died in January, 1864, and he passed away in the following May. By his second marriage there were six children : Orville, born November 6, 1816; Amelia, born March 4, 1818; Harriet, born March 6, 1820; Eliza M., born January 13, 1823 ; Maria A., born in October, 1825 ; and Chauncy, born in 1826. Samuel Blakeslee, grandson of Colonel Samuel and father of John R., grew up in Connecticut in the home of his Aunt Aurelia Loomis. September 12, 1835, he married Maria Antoinette Van Cott, of Long Island. They lived at Torringford, Connecticut. They were the parents of ten children : Aurelia Ann, born April 3, 1837, married Warren Booker, had thirteen children, and died August 31, 1885 ; Sara Louisa, born August 10, 1839, mar- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 77 ried George Bentley, of Goshen, Connecticut, and had six children ; Samuel A., born August 7, 1841, and died in 1850; John Rollin (see below) ; Ransom S., born October 2, 1845, married Elizabeth Meyers, of Charlotte, North Carolina; Martha Elizabeth, born December 18, 1847, died at Torringford, Connecticut, February 25, 1908 ; Charles Samuel, born January 19, 1851, died October 9, 1894; Theodore Chauncy, born September 19, 1853, became a resident of Northern Ohio in 1873 and died in Cuyahoga County December 28, 1892; Charlotte. Augusta, born July 10, 1856, married Edward Bronson and lived at Waterbury, Connecticut; and George Franklin, born July 21, 1859, has his home at the old homestead in Connecticut. Samuel, the father of these children, died June 25, 1865, and his widow passed away May 1, 1893. John Rollin Blakeslee was born at Winstead, Connecticut, September 15, 1843, and died at his home, 11118 St. Clair Avenue, in Cleveland, November 9, 1906, at the age pf sixty-three. He grew up on a farm, had a district school education, and at the age of eighteen enlisted in the Second Connecticut Regiment as a private. He was in the 'Union army until the close of the war. For about five years after his military service he was employed by A. S. Upson in The Upson Nut & Bolt Company, at Unionville, Connecticut. He then came west to Indianapolis, Indiana, from there went to Youngstown, Ohio,. and became permanently identified with Cleveland in 1878. In Cleveland he went into the machinery business on the West Side, starting in a small shop on the flats. This business was conducted as The Blakeslee Manufacturing Company, but in 1892 he reorganized end incorporated as The Ajax Manufacturing Company. Since 1898 this important Cleveland industry has been located at Lakeside Avenue and East Thirty-eighth Street. John R. Blakeslee was an active business man for upwards of forty years. In 1904 he sold his interests in the company to his son and Harris Creech, and spent the last two years of his life retired. John R. Blakeslee was a man of exceptional executive ability, forceful in everything he undertook, and as an individual he contributed no small share to the industrial life of Cleveland. He was not inclined to seek the honors of public affairs. Aside from his two terms of service as mayor of Glenville, an office that was forced upon him by his friends, he steadfastly declined any active participation in politics. At one time a movement was started to make him the republican nominee for mayor of Cleveland, brit that and every other similar movement he completely discountenanced. He had many tried and trusted friends, was widely known in the Masonic order, but after his business his home was his chief delight. In Masonry he was affiliated with Terion Lodge and was a member of the. Roadside Club. John R. Blakeslee married Miss Ada E. McDowell, at Cleveland, on February 15, 1872, on her eighteenth birthday. She was the daughter of Robert and Margaret Susanna (Morton) McDowell, her mother still living at the age of eighty-two. Mrs. Blakeslee was born and reared in Cleveland. She is the mother of two children : Edna, the wife of F. S. Burgess, who lives with her mother; and John Robert, now head of the business founded by his father, and mentioned below. JOHN ROBERT BLAKESLEE, now president of The Ajax Manufacturing Company, one of the most substantial industries of Cleveland, is a son of the late John Rollin Blakeslee, founder of this industry,. a sketch of whose career and family' appears on preceding pages. The son was born at Cleveland August 1, 1875, and received his early education in the Bolton School and the Central High School. There were no tastes or inclinations to lead him away from his father's business and on leaving high school he learned the machinist's trade in every detail in his father's factory.. To supplement this practical knowledge he attended the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland for one year, and then returned to his father's establishment, spending a year in the drafting room. For about six years he traveled all over the United States, Canada and Mexico, represent. ing the business, and following that for about two years was general manager of the company. In September, 1904, he and Mr. Harris Creech bought the controlling interest in the business from the senior Mr. Blakeslee, and John Robert Blakeslee was then made president, Mr. Creech vide president and treasurer, offices which they respectively hold to the present time. The manager H. D. Heman. The d the Ajax Manufacturing Company has an extensive plant on Lakeside Avenue and Thirty-eighth Street, and employs about 250 men. Its special lines are the manufacture of hot metal working machinery. The company maintains 78 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS offices also in New York and Chicago. Mr. Creech, the vice president, is also president of The Garfield Savings Bank Company, of Cleveland. Mr. Blakeslee is president of The Farrell Brake & Manufacturing Company. He is a bdsiness man of broad interests and has many special relations with his home city, is a member of the Mayfield Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, belongs to the Zeta Psi fraternity, and in politics is a republican. October 10, 1900, he married Miss Florence E. Shumway, daughter of George C. and Ellen (Utley) Shumway, both of whom are now deceased. Her father was an old and prominent settler of Glenville. Mrs. Blakeslee was born at Glenville, was a graduate of the Central High School of Cleveland and also of the Lake Erie College. Mr. and Mrs. Blakeslee have one son, Jack McDowell Blakeslee, who was born in Cleveland. His recreation from business Mr. Blakeslee finds in golf, shooting, fishing and motoring. WILLIAM SINTON FITZGERALD, director of law of the City of Cleveland, has been a member of the Cleveland bar since 1904. He possesses exceptional attainments both as a lawyer and as speaker, and has become one of the recognized leaders among the younger element of the republican party in Northern Ohio. Both his father and grandfather were soldiers. His grandfather was David FitzGerald, Sr., who was born in Montreal, Canada. In early life he entered the British army, serving as a subaltern with the Forty-fourth Regiment of English Infantry. He died when still in the army at Bombay, and was buried in the English cemetery in that city. His death occurred at the early age of thirty-three. David FitzGerald, Jr., father of the Cleveland lawyer, was born at London, England, June 8, 1843. He was graduated from Trinity College of England, and was qualified as a civil engineer. Coming to the United States in the early '60s, he had been here only a short time when he offered his services to the Union army. He acted as General Belknap's adjutant until severely wounded. He was struck in the thigh by a shell and never fully recovered from that wound. However, he lived for many years, though always suffering poor health, and he died at Washington, D. C., October 13, 1897. After the war he was appointed by President Grant as librarian of the War Department Library, and tilled that office nearly thirty years. David FitzGerald, Jr., married Miss Esther Sinton, who is now living at Cleveland with her only son and child. She was born at Jedburgh. Scotland, and her father, Thomas Sinton, was a contractor and built many bridges in Scotland, where he developed a large business. He was a native of Scotland but spent his last years in Keokuk, Iowa. William Sinton FitzGerald was born at the City of Washington October 6, 1880, and was educated in the public schools there, graduating from high school in the class of 1897. He then entered the law department of the Columbian University at Washington, where he completed the course and received the degree LL. B. in June, 1903. The following year he continued a post-graduate course and was awarded a Master of Laws degree. Admitted to the bar in the District of Columbus in 1904, Mr. FitzGerald in the same year came to Ohio and was admitted to the Ohio bar. He practiced law in Washington until October, 1904, and since that date has practiced at Cleveland. His thorough qualifications as a lawyer, together with the increasing experiences, have brought him many of the more substantial successes of the able lawyer. He served as one of the two county examiners whose duty it was to examine all contracts wherein the county was interested. He was appointed to this position by the Court of Common Pleas, to which his reports were made. He also served as special counsel for the state to the attorney general of Ohio. Mr. FitzGerald was appointed director of law of Cleveland under the Davis administration, and began his official term of two years on January 1, 1916. Mr. FitzGerald was orator of the day at the McKinley day banquet January 29, 1906, and at the fifth McKinley banquet on January 29, 1908, he acted as toastmaster. Among the guests at that banquet was President William H. Taft. His powers and talents as a Public speaker have made him widely known. He has been a delegate to several county and state conventions of the republican party and in 1907 served as chairman of the Cuyahoga County Republican League. In the fall of 1912 he was elected a councilman from the Eleventh Ward, and during his two terms of service in that position was minority leader in the council. Mr. FitzGerald and his mother reside at CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 79 the New Amsterdam Hotel. He is a member of the University Club, and the Tippecanoe Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Automobile Club, belongs to the Lawyers Club Obiter, is a Royal Arch Mason and a member of the Phi Sigma Kappa. In religion he is a Presbyterian. STANLEY L. MCMICHAEL, secretary of the Cleveland Real Estate Board, was born at Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, December 9, 1879, son of Charles P. and Annie L. McMichael. His father as a young man was one of the 48,000 Canadians who enlisted in the Northern Army at the time of the Civil war. After serving in the ranks for some months he was attached to a cavalry command sent to suppress Indian uprisings in the Black Hills of the Dakotas, and until his death in 1912 he was a pensioner of the Grand Army of the Republic. At different times he was engaged on an extensive scale in the laundry and dairy business. Stanley L. McMichael received his education in the public and high schools of Hamilton and at the age of seventeen became associated with The Crystal Palace Concert Company of London, England, in the capacity of reader and entertainer, touring a considerable number of the Canadian provinces for several years. Having acquired some newspaper experience during the summer months, he went in September, 1901, to Windsor, Ontario, to become city editor of the Windsor Herald, filling the position for some time, until accepting a place on the editorial staff of The Detroit Tribune. Later he was on the staff of The Detroit News, but removed to Cleveland in December, 1905, to join the staff of The Cleveland Plain Dealer, with which publication he was connected in various editorial positions until November 1, 1911. At that date Mr. McMichael was appointed the first regular secretary of the Cleveland Real Estate Board. During his term as secretary of the board Mr. McMichael has seen it grow in membership from a little than 100 to 700, making it the second largest real estate board in the world. The board is considered one of the most aggressive in the country, and Mr. McMichael is unusually well known as a representative of the real estate business in the City of Cleveland as well as generally throughout the country. He was responsible for the formation of The Canadian Club of Cleveland in 1915 and was its first president. He is a Mason, having Vol. II-6 become affiliated with Palestine Lodge No 357 of Detroit in 1904 and has continued his membership in the same lodge ever since. He is a member of The Cleveland Rotary Club, The Council of Sociology and The Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, as well as various other organizations. He organized the secretaries of real estate boards into an association in 1914 and was its first president. He was also an organizer of The Cleveland Secretaries Association, made up of secretaries of public and semi-public organizations. In 1904 Mr. McMichael married Miss Bess Mains, of Fort Wayne, Indiana. There are no children. The McMichael family came to America in 1779, just a century before Stanley McMichael's birth. They settled in Philadelphia and from that city the name has spread to all parts of the country. The great-grandfather of Stanley L. McMichael was a United Empire Loyalist who removed to Waterford, Ontario, in 1812 and established that branch of the family in Canada. Mr. McMichael's mother at present resides in Hamilton, Ontario. Mr. Stanley McMichael became a naturalized citizen of the United States over a dozen years ago and since coming to Cleveland has taken an interest in many public movements relative to the upbuilding of the city. What has made him perhaps better known than any other one thing is in the nature of a hobby. It is the collecting of pictures of early Cleveland. For over ten years the collection has been steadily growing until it is by long odds the most complete of its kind in existence, many of the pictures being originals which cannot be duplicated. Mr. McMichael has lectured hundreds of times on "Cleveland, Old and New," and similar subjects before almost every organization of any importance in Cleveland. The pictures are being compiled for the purpose of issuing a "Pictorial History of Cleveland" when the time seems to be appropriate. COL. EDWARD W. S. NEFF, whose home was at Cleveland for a number of years, where his son Clifford A. Neff is a prominent member of the bar, was a 'Union officer in the Civil war and for many years was a successful manufacturer and a pioneer in developing the ice-making machinery. Colonel Neff died at El Paso, Texas, December 21, 1910, at the age of sixty-eight 80 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS years. He came of an old and prominent Philadelphia and Cincinnati family. The Neffs located at Philadelphia in 1727, and Colonel Neff was of the sixth generation of the family in this country. The Neffs were closely related with the Wayne family, including the great Gen. Anthony Wayne of Revolutionary and Indian war fame, and also James W. Wayne, who at one time was a justice of the United States Supreme Court. Colonel Neff 's father, William Neff, was very prominent in business affairs at Cincinnati and at one time was president of the Ohio and Mississippi Railroad and had extensive interests as a pork packer, cotton merchant and in other lines. Colonel Neff was a Union soldier from 1862 until the close of the war, and was a member of the staff of General George Thomas. After the war he located at Savannah, Georgia, and engaged in business as a cotton broker. He also lived at Cincinnati and at Cleveland, and for thirteen years was a manufacturer of ice machines in that city and continued active in the same line of industry at El Paso. He came to Cleveland from Georgia about 1880, and moved to El Paso, Texas, in 1894. Colonel Neff attained the thirty-third and supreme honorary degree of Scottish Rite Masonry and was made a life member of the order a short time before his death. An escort of Masons accompanied the family from Texas to Cincinnati, where Colonel Neff was laid to rest. At Port Huron, Michigan, in 1866, Colonel Neff married Miss Estelle J. Fechet. She died at El Paso, Texas, February 13, 1913. Her father was A. G. Feehet D'Alary, who on account of his pronounced republicanism was expelled from France during the era of the restoration of the Bourbons, and escaping from prison immigrated to the United States. Here he dropped his territorial name, D'Alary, and called himself simply A. G. Feehet. He located in a French settlement on the St. Clair River in Michigan, studied medicine, and became a successful physician and died at Port Heron, Michigan. Colonel and Mrs. Neff had three children : Mrs. F. C. Searles, of El Paso; E. E. Neff, a business man of El Paso; and Clifford A., a Cleveland attorney, mentioned below. CLIFFORD ALFRED NEFF is a member of the law firm White, Johnson, Cannon & Neff in the Williamson Building. The leading partners of this firm and the other lawyers practicing with them constitute the personnel of a firm at once one of the largest and most important in the Ohio bar. Mr. Neff has been identified with Cleveland as a lawyer for a quarter of a century. He was born in Savannah, Georgia, May 5, 1868, son of the late Col. Edward W. S. and Estelle J. (Fechet) Neff. His parents spent many years in Cleveland, and the father was a manufacturer of ice making machinery and had attained the thirty-third degree in Scottish Rite Masonry. Bath parents died at El Paso, Texas, and were laid to rest in the family lot in the cemetery in Cincinnati. Their three children were: Clifford A. ; Mrs. F. C. Searle, of El Paso, Texas ; and E. E. Neff, of El Paso. Clifford A. Neff was educated in private schools in the South and also under private instruction in Cleveland. He entered Kenyon College at Gambier, where he was graduated with the class of 1888. He began the study of law with the old law firm of Sherman, Hoyt & Dustin at Cleveland, the present firm being Hoyt, Dustin, Kelly, McKuhan & Andrews. Mr. Neff was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1890 and since that year has been steadily rising to prominence in the Cleveland bar. In 1908 he became associated with the firm of White, Johnson & Cannon and has been one of the partners since 1913. The chief business of the firm is corporation practice and in that field Mr. Neff 's abilities have their widest scope. In 1898 Mr. Neff organized the first board of Deputy State Board of Elections in Cuyahoga County and was its secretary until about 1903, when the present law was adopted. In polities he is a republican, and for two years, 1900-02 was a member of the Supreme Court committee on admission to the bar, many of the young attorneys of Ohio admitted at that time coming before him personally to present their qualifications. Mr. Neff is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, University Club, Nisi Prius Club, Columbus Athletic Club of Columbus, Ohio, and is a member of the Cleveland, the Ohio State, and the American Bar associations. He belongs to the Civic League and is an active member and formerly a vestryman of the Church of the Incarnation, Protestant Episcopal. Mr. Neff is a well known of fisherman and 'has gathered about him a remarkable collection of fishing tackle and accessories, but when credited with having the largest collection he emphasizes the fact that it is only the largest collection of useful tackle, and tried CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 81 and trusted usefulness is the standard by which every implement or device is admitted or denied entrance into his fishing areana. On September 5, 1894, at Mount Vernon, Ohio, Mr. Neff married Miss Katherine M. Young, daughter of H. M. and Elizabeth (Shaw) Young. Her parents are now deceased. Her father was an old time and successful merchant at Mount Vernon, where Mrs. Neff was born and educated. She also attended the Harcourt Place School at Gambier, Ohio. She is prominent socially and very active in Red Cross work. FRANK HAZEN EWING, who has long enjoyed an enviable place of prominence in the Cleveland bar, is a member of one of Ohio's oldest and most substantial families. His birth occurred at Alliance in this state November 5, 1868. He is a son of William H. and Margaret Catherine (McDonald) Ewing. The old seat of the family in Ohio is near New Lisbon. An ancestor of Mr. Ewing was James Ewing, who because of his activity in the Irish rebellion of 1798 had a price set upon his head and to escape the persecution and prosecution of the English Government he fled from County Donegal and found a home in America. He participated as a fighting soldier in the War of 1812 and for his services was given a land grant. This grant he located a mile south of New Lisbon, Ohio. A great-uncle of Frank H. Ewing is now living near this old homestead at New Lisbon. The grandfather, William E. Ewing, was a first cousin of that famous Thomas Ewing who in his time enjoyed an undoubted supremacy in the Ohio bar, and was also one of the most prominent statesmen produced by Ohio in the first half of the nineteenth century. Thomas Ewing was a member of the United States Senate from 1831 to 1837, was secretary of the treasury, was the first •ncumbent of the office of the cabinet position secretary of the interior, and was a leading whig and afterwards equally notable for his leadership in the republican party. It will be recalled that Thomas Ewing adopted the fatherless William Tecumseh Sherman, who later married one of Ewing's daughters. Grandfather William E. Ewing married a descendant of the Hephner family. One of her sisters married Andrew Poe, who was a leading Indian fighter and killed Big Foot at the junction of Ohio River and Yellow Creek. Much of this pioneer history is found in Howe's Ohio Annals. Grandfather William E. Ewing and six of his sons were soldiers in the Civil war. The grandfather served in the quartermaster's department at Nashville, Tennessee. Among his sons who were soldiers were Robert Ewing of the Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, who was killed at Stone River; Anson, a member of the Eleventh Ohio Infantry; and Andrew, first a member of the Nineteenth Regiment and later transferred to the Seventy-sixth. Ohio Infantry and was on the march with Sherman to the sea. Mr. Frank H. Ewing is descended from military ancestors on both sides. His maternal grandfather, Joseph McDonald; with three sons also fought in the Civil war and both the Ewings and McDonalds were Civil war democrats. William H. Ewing was born at New Lisbon, Ohio, and in the Civil war served as a private in Company H of the One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He enlisted twice, both times when under age. The first time his father took him out of the army. He then ran away from home and went to Alliance, where he succeeded in getting into the army.. He was a blacksmith by trade, afterwards a railroad man and finally engaged in the real estate business at Alliance, where he died in 1892. His wife, Margaret Catherine McDonald, came with her people from near the Town of New Florence in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and the McDonalds settled at Alliance in 1856, being one of the early families there. She died at Alliance in May, 1900. There were three children : Frank Hazen, Dorotha M., now Mrs. O. Bert Myers, of Alliance, and William Edgar, who died at Alliance at the age of fifteen, All were born at Alliance. Frank Hazen Ewing graduated from the Alliance High School in 1887, was a student in Mount Union College from 1888 to the summer of 1890, and then took up work in the county offices of Stark County, being in the county treasurer's office four years as deputy and two years as deputy county auditor. He was president of the board of elections of the City of Canton and Stark County from 1896 to 1901. In June, 1901, Mr. Ewing received his law degree from Western Reserve University and in December of the same year began practice at Cleveland. His first office was in the Cuy- 82 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ahoga Building, on the third floor, and for two years he was associated with Mr. Pierce Metzger, later a county commissioner of Cuyahoga County, under the firm name of Ewing and Metzger. From that building Mr. Ewing moved to the Schofield Building, being in partnership relations with Samuel D. Dodge and James L. Vaughan but is now alone in practice, occupying a suite of offices on the third floor of the Schofield Building. Mr. Ewing enjoys a large general practice and has been admitted to practice in the Federal Courts and is also registered on the roster of attorneys entitled to practice before the United States Patent Office at Washington. Mr. Ewing is member of Lookout Camp No. 466, Sons of Veterans at Cleveland, and was formerly captain of McClellan Camp No. 91, Sons of Veterans at Alliance. He is affiliated with Biglow Lodge No. 243, Free and Accepted Masons; Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons; Al Sirat Grotto No. 17; is a life member of Cleveland Lodge No. 63, Loyal Order of 'Moose; member of the Knights and Ladies of Honor ; Fraternal Aid Union and the Cleveland Commercial Travelers Association. He also belongs to the Sigma Alpha Epsilon Fraternity at Ohio, Sigma Chapter in Mount Union College, two of whose distinguished members were l'resident McKinley and Philander K. Knox. January 4, 1894, at Alliance, Mr. Ewing married Miss Martha Hoiles, daughter of Emanuel and Martha (Swearengen) Hoiles. Her father for many years conducted a book and stationery store at Alliance but for the past twenty years has been in the grocery business at Chicago. Her mother died at Alliance in 1869, when Mrs. Ewing was born. Mrs. Ewing was educated in the public school of Alliance and in Mount Union College, and Is an active member of the Presbyterian Church. They have one son, Frank Harvey, born at Cleveland April 29, 1905. The Ewing home is at 2096 East Eighty-ninth Street. HON. JAMES LAWRENCE. It is a difficult task for the biographer, in the brief summary review to 'which he is confined, to sketch the full activities of the life of a man who has strongly impressed his personality upon, a community. An active career, characterized by constant advancement, presents an interesting study, but to enumerate the various and varied steps LS' which his subject rose to the high position which he occupied would constitute a record which would far transcend the limits necessarily assigned to a work of this nature. The writer, therefore, is called upon to restrict himself to noting only the salient points of direct bearing. The late Hon. James Lawrence's career was a long and brilliant one, One of the most brilliant members of the Cleveland bench and bar, many honors came to him and still greater ones were awaiting him when he was called to the great beyond July 4, 1914. Judge James Lawrence was born January 15, 1851, at Washington, Guernsey County, Ohio, a son of Hon. William Lawrence, and was of Scotch-Irish descent. His great-grandfather came to this country toward the close of the Revolutionary war and settled in Maryland, in which state, at Havre de Grace, his grandfather was born. The family moved to Washington County, Pennsylvania, and about the year 1810 came to Ohio, where the judge's father was horn. His mother, Margaret E. (Ramsey) Lawrence, was of Scotch descent, her ancestors coming to this country at an earlier date than those on the paternal side and settling in Pennsylvania. The greater part of her earlier life was passed in Virginia with relatives. William Lawrence was a merchant during his younger years, but always took a great interest in public matters, was a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1851, once a member of the Ohio House of Representatives, three times a member of the Ohio State Senate, and a member of the National Congress from 1857 to 1859, during President Buchanan's administration. Of the children of William and Margaret E. Lawrence, only one now survives ; Albert Lawrence, a prominent Cleveland attorney with offices in the Society for Savings Building. The early education of Judge James Lawrence was secured in the public schools, following which he attended an academy and then entered Kenyon College, in the sophomore class of 1868, and took his degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1871. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1873, and came to Cleveland in the following year, where during thirty years of active life and practice he filled four law partnerships outside the time when public pursuits occupied his attention. He was first associated with William M. Raynolds, was later with the late George H. Foster, and subsequently was a member of the firms of Lawrence & Estep and Lawrence, Russell & Eichelberger, being with the latter combination up to the time when he CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 83 started the duties of his second term as a member of the Common Pleas Bench, January 1, 1911. Few Cleveland men have had so brilliant a career. As a young lawyer, in 1883 he was elected attorney general of Ohio, with Governor George Hoadley heading the ticket; from April, 1887, to April, 1889, he served as president of the Cleveland Board of Aldermen; during the administration of former Mayor Blee, from April, 1893, to April, 1895, he was law director of the City of Cleveland, and it was in this latter capacity that he started the famous Lake Fiont litigation against the Pennsylvania and other railroads, which ease, involving the title to millions of dollars worth of Lake Front made land, was fought part way through the United States Court, then all the way through the states courts of Ohio, to a successful termination in the Ohio Supreme Court. After retiring as director of Law Judge Lawrence continued the Lake Front fight for the city as special counsel. He was retained as counsel by Mayor Tom L. Johnson, who was for years a close personal and political friend. In 1902 Judge Lawrence was elected to the Common Pleas Bench of Cuyahoga County, and served thereon until 1909. He was again elected in 1910, leading the judicial ticket. During his term as judge perhaps the most noted suits which were tried before him were the low-fare street railway cases in the early years of the traction war. He was an exceptionally fine and scholarly character, and any lawyer trying a case before him felt that absolute justice had been given. Just before his death he had been urged by Mayor (now Secretary of War) Newton D. Baker and the democratic committee to make the race for the office of judge of the Court of Appeals, and became the unopposed candidate for the democratic nomination at the primaries. Also he was appointed by Governor Cox as a member of the special committee to revise and simplify judicial procedure, the report of which committee would have been given to the next Legislature. For fifteen years Judge Lawrence was professor of law at the Western Reserve University, but severed his connection with that institution in 1911. In the latter part of June, 1914, with Mrs. Lawrence, he went to Brookside, West Virginia, a summer resort in the Allegheny Mountains, about ten miles from Oakland, Maryland, to spend the summer, and there his death suddenly occurred early in the morning of July 4. Judge Lawrence was a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, of which he was president in 1909 and 1910, and of the Ohio State Bar Association. He belonged to the Lodge, Chapter and Commandery of Masonry, and while at college became a charter .member of the revived chapter of Theta Delta Chi and also joined the legal fraternity of Phi Alpha Delta. In his judicial position Judge Lawrence stood as an eminent representative of the Ohio bench, and while because of his broad humanitarianism and charity he may have been inclined towards mercy rather than severity, believing that the highest purpose of the law is to reclaim rather than to condemn, his decisions indicated, strong mentality, careful analysis and thorough knowledge of the law and an unbiased judgment. Individuality, personal feelings, prejudices, peculiarities of dispositions were with him lost in the dignity, impartiality and equity of the office in which property, right and liberty must look for protection. Possessing superior qualifications, he justly merited the high honor which was conferred upon him by his elevation to the bench, and in his death his state lost one of its ablest and most useful citizens. Judge Lawrence was married in May, 1888, to Miss Jennie Gardner Porter, of Cleveland, and their three children are Harriet, Keith and Margaret R. Harriet married Clifford B. Longley, a member of the Detroit bar, September, 1916. Keith Lawrence is a graduate of Hobart College, 1913, and of Western Reserve Law School, 1916, and was admitted to the bar of Ohio in the latter year. He is associated with the law firm of Smith, Griswold, Green & Hadden, Marshall Building, Cleveland. CHARLES L. FISH from 1845 was a practicing lawyer at Cleveland, a period of fifty-five years, and at the time of his death, March 26, 1903, enjoyed the distinction of being Cleveland's oldest attorney. His big work was accomplished as a lawyer and he was never a seeker for political honors. At one time in his career he was regarded as without a peer in maritime law. Mr. Fish was born at Madison, New York, September 8, 1818, and was in his eighty-fifth year when he passed away at his home at the corner of Prospect and Cheshire streets in Cleveland. He spent the first fourteen years of his life on his father's farm. The old home in New York State was close to the Erie 84 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Canal. Mr. Fish was probably the last survivor of Cleveland citizens who had any definite recollection of the building of that great waterway, which was opened to traffic in 1825. As a small boy he frequently explored the excavation before the water was turned in. In 1832, at the age of fourteen, Mr. Fish left his old home and started for the West. He traveled the entire distance in a sleigh and at that time there was not a single railroad in the West and very few miles in the East. Arriving at Auburn in Geauga County, he worked on a farm ten years. During that time he largely educated himself by utilizing every spare moment to read and study, and secured a liberal education with little help from schools or higher institutions. It is said that he often walked all the way to Cleveland for the purpose of buying books. At that time what is now Western Reserve University was the leading academic institution at Hudson, Ohio. It was twenty miles from his home, and he walked back and forth every week from Auburn in order to attend classes, and kept up this work until he was graduated. Mr. Fish lived in Cleveland from 1842. On coming to the city he taught in what was then Cleveland's high school, an old academy occupying the site where later fire engine house No. 1 stood. He taught in the day and occupied his evenings in the study of law in the office of General Dodge at the corner of Bank and St. Clair streets:. Mr. Fish was admitted to the bar in 1845, and at once opened a law office on the south side of Superior Street near South Water Street. In 1865 he removed his office to the Johnson Block on South Water Street and kept his office headquarters there until he retired from practice about three years before his death. As a maritime and corporation lawyer he was one of the best in Cleveland forty or fifty years ago, and his services were in great demand for many important cases of litigation. During the '60s and '70s Cleveland recognized him as its foremost marine attorney. One of the best known of his cases occurred in 1878, at the time of the construction of the Lake Shore Bridge across Sandusky Bay. He won his suit against almost overwhelming odds. He enjoyed close associations and friendship with his leading contemporaries in the law and in the civic life of the city. He was one of Cleveland's old timers, and he was keenly interested in every phase of the growth of the city which he had witnessed develop from practically a village. The only offices he ever held came as honor to him very early in his career as a lawyer. In 1846 he was elected township clerk, and in 1847 was elected a justice of the peace for a term of three years. He was an active member of various organizations, including the Cleveland Bar Association. In 1843, the year after he came to Cleveland, he married Miss Susan M. Stewart, of a prominent old Cleveland family. After their marriage they first lived on the Public Square, where the store of May Company was later established, and their next home was on Huron Street, where the Empire Theater stands. In 1899 Mr. Fish moved to the corner of Prospect and Cheshire streets, where his wife died in 1901 and where he spent his Last days. Mr. Fish had only one son, Charles W. This son married at Cleveland August 1, 1878, Cornelia Pattison. Their only child, Julia C., is a graduate of Miss Andrews School for Girls. PERRY LYNES HOBBS, PH. D., was a distinguished Cleveland scientist and one of the pioneers of the new profession by which practical application of chemistry to industry and commerce was rendered an indispensable factor in modern life. In this field be ranks as one of the foremost, not only in America, but in the world. He did much to vitalize and raise the standards of the new profession, which has been evolved as a feature of the specialization which has been going on with increasing rapidity in modern economic affairs. Doctor Hobbs was born on Huntington Street in Cleveland September 10, 1861, a son of Caleb Secum and Ada Antoinette (Lynes) Hobbs. Concerning his father and the paternal ancestry a more detailed account is given elsewhere in this publication. Doctor Hobbs was about nine years of age when his father died. On both sides his people came from New England and had immigrated out of England during the seventeenth' century. In the maternal line his great-grandfather, David Lynes, was a soldier in the war of the Revolution and afterwards took part in the Anthony Wayne campaign against the Indians through the Northwest in what is now Ohio. In the War of 1812 he served as a sergeant. Doctor Hobbs' maternal grandfather was "Lawyer" Sturges Lynes, who came to Ohio in 1830 and located in that old New England CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 85 community of Avon in Lorain County. There he became an active leader in the anti-slavery movement. His home was one of the stations of the underground railway, where escaping slaves were harbored and forwarded to liberty and safety across the Canadian line. Sturges Lynes was a civil engineer and surveyed a portion of Michigan and Northern Ohio. The nurse of Doctor Hobbs was an ex-slave, who subsequently became the wife of Hon. John P. Green. As a child Perry L. Hobbs' health was very delicate and his mother took him on a long tour of the Pacific coast and Pacific waters. They visited Honolulu, and his mother was the first white woman to look into the crater of the volcano Kilanea. They attended the burial service of King Kamehameha, king of the Hawaiian Islands, and also the coronation of the new king. On their return to Cleveland Perry L. Hobbs printed a little book "No Sect in Heaven," on a small hand printing press. Besides the family associations which were a constant incentive to the development of his talents, he was fortunate in living next door to Colonel Charles Whittlesey, the pioneer Cleveland historian and the first president of the Western Reserve Historical Society. When a high school boy Perry Hobbs had some valuable training in copying the colonel's manuscripts. About the same time he also arranged the stamp and coin collections for the Historical Society. He enjoyed exceptional educational advantages. After finishing the public schools he entered the Case School of Applied Science on a scholarship, and in 1886 was awarded the Bachelor of Science degree. His summer vacations were spent working for the Star Oil Works of Cleveland. Going abroad, he pursued post-graduate work in the University of Berlin, from which he received his Doctor of Philosophy degree in 1889. While a student of that university he had the good fortune of working in the private laboratory of Prof. A. W. Hofman, one of Germany's greatest chemists. For nine months he had charge of the chemical laboratory in the Berlin Agricultural College. A tribute paid the young student by Professor Hofman contained the following : "Mr. Hobbs possesses the happy gift of conveying information to others, which will greatly assist him in successfully performing the duties of a chemical professorship." Doctor Hobbs was a pioneer in bacteriology. In 1887, when the study of that subject was then almost unknown in America, he took a course under the famous Doctor. Koch. He also studied toxicology and went on many botanical excursions with the professors and assisted them in making microscopical drawings. He had few peers in the skillful handling of the microscope. While in Berlin he was employed to make blood analysis during two murder cases. It is said that he fairly begrudged the hours he slept while aboard `since there was so much he desired to learn. During vacations he tramped over Germany, the Black Forest, Switzerland and Northern Italy, and had all the abundant life and opportunity of the German student. On returning to Cleveland in 1889 Doctor Hobbs took the Chair of Chemistry in the Western Reserve Medical College. That position he filled thirteen years. But his reputation and work were not confined to the college. He became widely known as an expert consulting chemist and he finally resigned from the Medical College to give his entire time to private work as an analytical and consulting chemist and chemical engineer. Professor Hobbs was among the first chemists in this country to specialize and adapt scientific attainments to the real work of the world. He served Cleveland as gas inspector. in 1894, and after 1896 was one of the experts with the Ohio Dairy and Food Commission and represented that commission in the annual congress in St. Louis in 1904. He was frequently employed as a chemical expert by the United States Government. His private laboratory was one of the most modern and complete in the country. Many industrial organizations sought his advice and service. His knowledge of cement won for him a wide reputation in concrete trade circles as well as among chemists. He inspected the Pacific Portland Cement Company and advised in the operation and processes of the plant. During 1906-08 he superintended the design., ing, construction, equipment and early operation of the Cowell Portland cement plant in California. He assisted in establishing one of the first sugar beet factories in the United States. He also formed the Cyan Chemical Company, making blueing and other materials from the waste of the Artificial Gas Company. Prior to his death he had been working on dairy products, making a new kind of culture for butter and cheese"and had just established at his laboratory the Dairy Ferments Company. He was also president of the Perfection Cap and Can Company of Cleveland. As an analytical chemist his advice and 86 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS counsel were sought particularly in important legal cases. In fact in all kinds of litigation involving chemical questions he was regarded first authority. If there was suspicion that poison had caused a mysterious death; when it was necessary to know just what deleterious substance had been added to otherwise pure food ; when proof was needed through the science of real chemists in some insidious criminal case; when big property interests were to be determined through the test tube and microscope, the invariable requirements was "get Perry Hobbs." His testimony was often the deciding factor in such cases. He stood virtually and literally at the head of his profession. By his pleasant congenial nature Mr. Hobbs won hosts of friends. He was a leader not only in his scientific attainments but in social and fraternal circles. His Masonic affiliations gave him much pleasure. He was especially fond of the Shrine and when Potentate of Al Koran Temple in 1906 he established the children's annual party. He held many positions in this order, and his last service, rendered just one month before his death, was as Prelate at the annual inspection of Holyrood Commandery, rendering his lines with impressive voice and perfect poise as one inspired. He was a member of the University and Masonic Club. He was also active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and for a time chairman of its Educational Committee. He was a charter member of the Cleveland Chemical Society, a member of the Civil Engineers' Club of Cleveland, the Ohio State Academy of Science and the American Electro Chemical Society, Society of Chemical Industry of London, Castalia Trout Club, and his favorite pastime was fishing. He was a founder and was president of the Anglo-American Students' Club of Berlin in 1886. His versatile ability and enthusiasm made him a natural civic leader. He was optimistic, a hard worker, and demanded the best of himself and of others, never being satisfied with half way results in his profession or in civic affairs. The outstanding features of his character were optimism, enthusiasm, energy and love of friendship. He loved his friends, books, flowers, music, art and all the true and beautiful things of life. Thus it was a loss not only to the field of science but even more to the civic life and character of Cleveland when he died at the comparatively early age of fifty. His death occurred April 6, 1912, at the home where he had lived over forty years. On April 6, 1892, just twenty years prior to his death, he married Miss Mary Everett Marshall, daughter of Dr. Isaac Holmes Marshall and Mary E. (Everett) Marshall. Mrs. Hobbs is one of Cleveland's prominent women. She is the mother of three children : Mary Antoinette, Katherine Marshall and Perry Marshall, who has volunteered in the Naval Aviation of the World's War. All were born in the old colonial homestead on Euclid Avenue, making three generations who had lived in that beautiful home. CALEB SECUM HOBBS was a Cleveland resident from 1848 until his death on March 5, 1870. He played a very active and influential part not only as a business man but as a citizen and his name is one that deserves some special tribute in this publication. He was of old New England ancestry. The best accounts indicate that the progenitor Thomas Hobbs was in Ipswich, Massachusetts, in 1657. Through the different generations they were distinguished as mathematicians and with a high degree of mechanical skill. Caleb Secum Hobbs was born at Dedham, Massachusetts, February 3, 1834, a son of Thomas Jefferson and Sarah Crosby (Mayo) Hobbs, a grandson of Joseph and Mary (Cressy) Hobbs and a great-grandson of Joseph and Elizabeth (Peabody) Hobbs of Londonderry, New Hampshire. His great-grandfather was a Minute Man and pensioner of the Revolution, while the great-great-grandfather, Abraham Hobbs, was a member of the Constitutional Convention that formulated the present Massachusetts constitution ; was in the State Legislature during the Revolution and had five sons who were Minute Men. The grandfather Joseph was a soldier in the War of 1812. Thomas Jefferson Hobbs, the father, was a millwright, a draftsman and an inventor. He assisted in building the first iron boat in America at Boston, Massachusetts. He followed his son out to Ohio and about 1850 located at East Rockport, Ohio. On the maternal side Caleb Hobbs belonged to the Mayo family, which contained many interesting and prominent connections in old New England. One of its ancestors was Rev. John Mayo, the first ordained minister of the Old North Church in Boston, who delivered the Artillery sermon in 1658. Copps Hill, the historic cemetery at Boston, received its name from its first owner William Copp, also CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 87 an ancestor. The preserver of Plymouth Rock in 1745 was Elder Thomas Faunce, and the first Pilgrim publication was issued by George Morton in London, England, in 1622. All these being among the Pilgrim and Puritan ancestors in the Mayo branch of the Hobbs family. There were others who were members of the ancient and honorable artillery companies of Massachusetts and were soldiers of the Revolution. Caleb S. Hobbs grew up and received his education in Boston, and on locating in Cleveland in 1848 entered upon a very active career. For a number of years he was paymaster of the Painesville and Ashtabula Railroad, now part of the New York Central system. During the Civil war, when the operating officials were unable to run the pay train through, "Cale" Hobbs volunteered to take the engineer's place and reached the desired destination without difficulty. For many years he was one of the firm of. the Hobbs & Savage Printing Company. He was also secretary of the Forest City Varnish Company. He was one of the first men in the country to master the art of telegraphy and imparted it to several of the early students in that art. One of his characteristics was a fondness for books and he was a great reader and a collector. He left a large library of rare editions, many of which had his name stamped on the binding. He served as a private in Company A of the Twenty-ninth Regiment, Ohio National Guards, in 1864, was also a member of the Old Cleveland Guards, was a lieutenant in the Cleveland Grays and in 1870 was elected an honorable member of this company. He served as secretary of the Fourth Ward Relief Association for the benefit of the soldiers' families during the Civil war. He was appointed a Guard of Honor while the funeral train of Abraham Lincoln was in Cleveland in 1865. On that occasion he wore a badge of black ribbon with narrow white edging, containing the words "Guard of Honor" printed in white. This badge is preserved in the family scrap book. In Masonry he was affiliated with Iris Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and with the Oriental Commandery of Knight Templar. His son also joined Iris Lodge, and it is the ambition of the only grandson to become a member of the same organization, thus giving three generations of the family to this order. Aside from the many interests which claimed his time and energies while in Cleveland Caleb Hobbs should be remembered as a man of perfect probity, genial disposition, exceptional generosity and a lover of the beautiful and artistic. He was au exceptionally fine penman. On April 18, 1859, he was married at Avon in Lorain County, Ohio, to Miss Ada Antoinette Lynes, daughter of Sturges and Betsey (Lindsley) Lynes. To this marriage was born one child, Perry Lynes Hobbs, whose career is sketched on other pages. The son was born in the old family home on Huntington Street but they afterwards removed to Prospect Street, where Caleb Hobbs died. ISAAC HOLMES MARSHALL, M. D. The medical profession in Cleveland has many reasons to remember gratefully and lastingly the life and services of Isaac Holmes Marshall. His services were those of a capable physician of advanced ideas and high attainments and he constantly made his profession a medium of broad and beneficent work to the community at large. He was a Scotch-Irish descent. The founder of this branch of the Marshall family in America was James Marshall, who came from County Tyrone, Ireland, about 1776 with his brother Robert. Both soon afterwards joined the Pennsylvania troops for service in the Revolutionary army. James Marshall and family located in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, but in 1805 removed to the Western Reserve of Ohio, where they bought a section of land. William Marshall, son of James and father of Doctor Marshall, was a soldier in the War of 1812. His wife, Rachel McElroy, was not behind him in patriotic devotion to her country. She rode all the way to Pittsburg on horseback and brought salt in her saddle bags to the soldiers, who very much needed that commodity. While her husband was in the service of the country she planted the crops and tended them with the aid of her small children. The Marshalls were pioneers in Trumbull County and their home was the regular meeting place of the Methodists until a separate building could be erected for church purposes in that locality. Rachel McElroy's grandfather was Adam McElroy, a soldier in the Revolution. Her uncle John McElroy was also Fife Major in Washington's army. Doctor Marshall, grandson of James and Lydia (Carson) Marshall and tenth and youngest child in the family of William and Rachel (McElroy) Marshall, was born September 17, 1821, at Weathersfield in Trumbull 88 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS County, Ohio. He attended district schools in his native township until fourteen, after which he was sent to a select school in Girard, Pennsylvania, and was a student at the Academy of Ellsworth in Trumbull County until about 1840. Some of his early experiences were as clerk in a grocery and provision store at Milwaukee and as teacher of a district school in Trumbull and Mahoning counties for five or six winters. In 1845 he began the study of medicine with Doctor Loy of Liberty, Ohio, and then entered the medical department of Western Reserve University under Dr. Jacob J. Delamater and Dr. I. R. Kirtland. He graduated M. D. in February, 1847, and soon after taking his diploma began the practice of his profession, at first in Milwaukee, then in Oldtown, Ohio, and finally in Cleveland with his brother-in-law, Dr. Henry Everett. On coming to Cleveland Doctor Marshall located on Brownell Street, opposite the Erie Street Cemetery. This was the family home until 1872, when they removed to 1012 Euclid Avenue, the house in which Doctor Marshall died after having practiced medicine forty-five years. He found in medicine truly a life work, and in the profession he achieved success and more than local reputation. He was especially noted as a diagnostician of eruptive diseases. He had the distinction, of being the first surgeon in this country to cure insanity by castration. That successful operation was made in 1864 and is reported in the Medical and Surgical Reporter of Philadelphia in 1865. Doctor Marshall served as president, as vice president and treasurer of th6 Academy of Medicine of Cleveland, was coroner of Cuyahoga County in 1863, was member of the City Board of Health from 1863 to 1875 and its secretary in 1864, was health officer from 1863 to 1867, was infirmary and city physician from 1863 to 1875, and in 1871 was appointed surgeon of the Travelers Insurance Company. A couple of sentences from the report he made as infirmary physician about 1864 has special interest as items in Cleveland's history : "I found there had been no means of conveying -patients to the hospital but in an open express wagon. Believing to carry a person through the streets with smallpox endangered the public health, therefore I procured a covered vehicle. "Recommend the system of sewerage be perfected and urge the passage of an ordinance requiring the owners of property to make sewerage connections and to prevent families from throwing their waste water into the street, thereby keeping up a constant mud-hole and stench." Doctor Marshall was also a member of the City Council from 1859 to 1861. In 1864 he was treasurer of the Fourth Ward Relief Association for the benefit of the soldiers. In 1872 he was elected president of the Mutual Savings Society and he also acted as president of the Fourth Ward Republican Club. As he was unable to pass the physical examination for surgeon in the Civil war he did what he could in sending troops to the front, in giving his medical services without charge to the soldiers' families and he had also been active in the conduct of the underground railway for the passage of fugitive slaves. While president of the Fourth Ward Republican Club he presented a handsome banner to Captain Melllrath's Company B of the Light Guards. He became affiliated with Iris Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; in 1867. Personally his distinguishing qualities were honesty of purpose, integrity, kindness and with all a great modesty. Doctor Marshall died at Cleveland March 30, 1895, and was laid to rest in the Lake View Cemetery. On October 10, 1848, he married Mary E. Everett, of Liberty, Trumbull County, daughter of Samuel and Sarah (Pheil) Everett. Mrs. Marshall died August 15, 1875. Their children are : Everett; Holmes; Sarah R., who married William M. Safford ; and Mary E., who became the wife of Dr. Perry L. Hobbs. MRS. WILLIAM. SAFFORD, whose life and character are remembered .by many friends in Cleveland, where she was born and where she spent much of her younger life, was one of the children of the late Dr. Isaac Holmes and Mary E. (Everett) Marshall. She bore the maiden name of Sarah R. Marshall and was born at Cleveland, April 9, 1853. Of her father a sketch is found in this publication. Her mother, Mary E. Everett, was a descendant of John Everett of Lynn, who located in Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in 1735. In the report of the Committee to Locate the Frontier Forts of Pennsylvania is found this item : "Fort Everett was on the property of John Everett, a man of prominence and of the same family as Edward Everett of Massachusetts, whence he came." A son of John was Thomas Everett, who served on the Committee of Observation for Northampton County, Pennsylvania, in 1774. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 89 Mary E. Everett's grandfather,. Samuel Everett, was a captain in the Revolutionary war and for seventeen years tilled the office of justice of the peace. In 1808 he removed to Liberty Township of Trumbull. County, Ohio, and bought large tracts of land in Liberty and Vienna townships. The father of Mary E. Everett was Samuel Everett, who was one of the first American manufacturers of salaratus. In the early '50s he removed to Cleveland, died in this city in 1859, and his body now rests in Lake View Cemetery. Mary E. Everett became a pioneer worker in the Women's Christian Temperance Union. In 1869 she served as first president of the Good Samaritan Society, the object of which was the relief of the worthy suffering poor. Sarah R. Marshall was educated in the Cleveland schools, attending Guilford Academy and graduating from the Central High School in 1871. The following year she finished a musical course in the Ursuline Academy. From an early age she manifested talent in the art of expression and elocution, and she made that her life's calling. She received a diploma from the McCutchen School of Expression in New York City. When only a high school girl her literary talent attracted attention from her articles in the journal, The Camp Illuminator, and after her marriage she contributed weekly sketches to the Sunday Leader as its New York correspondent in 1886. After returning from New York Mrs. Safford entered the Central High School at Cleveland and taught elocution and drawing for eight years. She then received a call from Wellesley College to instruct its pupils in elocution and some years later a similar position was offered her in one of the largest schools in Brooklyn. On September 20, 1882, she married William M. Safford of New York City. After their marriage they removed to Brooklyn, New York, Mr. Safford being a successful lawyer and writer. Her only child, Felice Marshall Safford, was born at Brooklyn and is now the wife of Cecil Sharp of London, who is an officer in the English army under General Haig serving in France. Mrs. Safford and her family in 1897 decided to make their home in England and they lived at St. Albans, where Mrs. Safford passed away February 8, 1900. She was an exceptionally brilliant and scholarly woman and always a leader among her associates. At one time she was secretary of the Brooklyn's Woman Club. She was a deep student of all questions involving the conditions and characteristics of American life and while in London she was frequently called upon to deliver addresses before organizations. Although she spent her last years abroad, she was thoroughly an American and always expressed deep gratitude for the fact that she was born in this country. Her graces, accomplishments and character endeared her to a host of friends, both here and abroad. THE CATHOLIC CHURCH OF CLEVELAND. Prior to 1835 the Catholic population of Cleveland was served largely by visiting priests and missionaries. The first resident pastor was appointed in 1835 and was the Rev. John Dillon, whose name stands prominent in the pioneer annals of the church in Northwest Ohio and who became pastor of the old St. Mary's on the Flats, located on Columbus Street. This was Cleveland's first permanent Catholic Church. Its site has long since been covered by factory buildings, but seventy years ago it was in the center of the downtown district. The growth and development of Cleveland as a city has not been more remarkable than the growth of the Catholic Church and its varied institutions and activities. The Catholic community of Cleveland now comprises a population of between 200,000 and 225,000. There are 73 churches, about 200 priests, more than 400 nuns, and about 33,000 children in the parochial schools. Besides churches and parochial schools there are such institutions as hospitals, orphanages, homes for working boys and girls, a home for the aged poor, and hundreds of societies and other church organizations. It has been estimated that thirteen distinct nationalities are represented in the Catholic parishes of Cleveland. These include the following national or racial stocks: German, Slovak, Polish, Bohemian, Maygar, Slovonian, Italian, Lithuanian, Croatian, Roumanian, Ruthenian, Syrian and the American born. The largest parish in the city is St. Stanislaus in the southeastern district, a parish with about 10,000 members and a parochial school with nearly 2,000 pupils. This church is under the direction of the Franciscan Fathers. In an educational way the Jesuits have been prominent in the city and have founded and maintained a great college on West Thirtieth Street. The college has an enrollment of 500. It is an institution which 90 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS has educated many strong men for the secular occupations and professions. There is also St. Mary's Seminary, a training school for priests of the diocese. It is located on Lakeside Avenue, Northwest. A new high school for boys, called the Cathedral Latin School, was established two years ago. A. magnificent building is now in course of construction. In earlier years the State of Ohio consisted of one diocese, under the direction of the archbishop of Cincinnati. The first resident bishop of Cleveland was Rt. Rev. Amadeus Rappe, who took charge of the diocese October 10, 1847. The corner stone of the present cathedral at Superior Avenue and East Ninth Street was laid October 22, 1848. The church was consecrated November 7, 1852, by Archbishop Purcell of Cincinnati. Bishop Rappe continued in charge until his resignation on account of ill health in August, 1870. He died September 8, 1877. He not only built the present cathedral but also established a seminary for ecclesiastical students. The second bishop of Cleveland was Richard Gilmour, whose stalwart figure was a familiar sight to Cleveland people throughout nearly a generation. He had to contend against many obstacles and it was a time when anti-Catholic bigotry was rampant and conspicuous. During his occupancy of the bishop's office St. Ignatius College was established in 1886. Bishop Gilmour was bishop of Cleveland from April 14, 1872, until his death at St. Augustine, Florida, April 3, 1891. The third bishop was Ignatius F. Horstmann, who was consecrated in his holy office February 25, 1892, and continued until his death at Canton, Ohio, May 13, 1908. Bishop Horstmann bought 200 acres of land for Calvary Cemetery, and also established the Cleveland Apostolate for the purpose of explaining Catholic doctrine to non-Catholics. The present bishop of Cleveland, John P. Farrelly, was consecrated May 1, 1909. Many new churches and schools have been built under his direction, while Catholic activities in every field of endeavor have been rendered more effective by system and organization. Besides St. John's Cathedral, the institutions located on the cathedral ground are the boys' school and the girls' school, occupying a building erected in 1888. The first building for the boys' school was constructed in 1857 and, the first for the girls' school in 1867. The boys' school is under the direction of the Brothers of Mary and the girls' school is taught by the Ursuline Sisters. Besides Bishop Farrelly the clergy at the Cathedral are Rt. Rev. Msgr. Thomas C. O'Reilly, vicar-general rector; Rev. William. A. Kane, diocesan superintendent of parochial schools; Rev. William A. Scullen, chancellor Rev. Richard J. Patterson, secretary; and Rev. James F. Cummins, Rev. Michael Lee Moriarty, and Rev. Thomas V. Shannon. RT. REV. tTOEIN PATRICK' PARRELLY was consecrated bishop of Cleveland May 1, 1909. He is the fourth bishop of Cleveland. While the first bishop over seventy years ago had only a small Catholic community in Cleveland and many scattered churches and missions over Northern Ohio, Bishop Farrelly has the responsibility of administrative detail over an immense establishment even in the City of Cleveland, not to mention the outside churches under his jurisdiction. In the eight years since his consecration Bishop Farrelly has, proved an organizer and executive equal to the great burdens placed upon him. The efficiency that comes through organization has been the dominant feature of his administration. For one thing he effected the organization of all diocesan charities under one director. He also brought about the establishment of a uniform system of education. Through him a diocesan building commission has been provided, to which plans and specifications for all church edifices are submitted. The record of growth and improvement has been equally notable. Nine new parishes and twelve new schools have been established in Cleveland and suburbs since he became :bishop, property has been purchased in Wade Park near University Circle for a new cathedral church, the new St. John's Hospital has been erected and only recently, in April, 1917, the $250,000 annex to Charity Hospital was dedicated. The dedication of the annex was the crowning event of the hospital's golden jubilee celebration. With the completion of the annex Charity. Hospital stands among the very first of such institutions in Ohio. His most recent work is the establishment of the Cathedral Latin School on East One Hundred and Seventh Street near Wade Park. John Patrick Farrelly was born at Mem.phis, Tennessee, March 15, 1856, a son of John P. and Martha Clay (Moore) Farrelly. Bishop Farrelly's grandfather, Terence Far- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 91 relly, was a distinguished lawyer and wrote the first constitution of the State of Arkansas. The bishop's father was also a prominent lawyer, practiced for many years in Memphis, and was a member of the Tennessee Legislature when the subject of separation from the Union at the beginning of the Civil war was discussed. He personally opposed secession. Bishop Farrelly during his boyhood attended grammar schools in Tennessee, Arkansas and Kentucky. When he made definite choice of the ministry as a career he was given the most liberal advantages both in this country and abroad. His literary studies were pursued in Georgetown University at Washington, D. C., also in Notre Dame de la Pair at Namur, Belgium, and from the American College at Rome he received the degree Doctorate in Sacred Theology. He was ordained a priest May 22, 1880, by Cardinal Monaca Lavaletta in Rome. Returning to this country. he became assistant at the Cathedral in Nashville, Tennessee, and afterward its pastor. He was chancellor of the diocese of Nashville in 1883, and in 1887 was appointed secretary to the American bishops at Rome. From 1894 to 1899 he was spiritual director of the American College at Rome. His appointment as bishop of Cleveland took place while he was still in Rome and he was consecrated bishop May 1, 1909, in the chapel of the American College by Cardinal Gotti. assisted by Bishop Morris of Little Rock, and Bishop Kennedy, rector of the American College. Bishop Family was installed in the Cleveland Cathedral June 13, 1909. Bishop Farrelly during the war crisis with Germany placed himself at the head of the Catholic population of Cleveland and has done much to mike them one loyal unit in behalf of the country. He was also one of the appointees of the mayor on the Cleveland War Commission. RT. REV. MSGR. T.FroikfAs r. O'REILLY is vicar general of the diocese of Cleveland and reetnr of St. John's Cathedral. As vicar general Msgr. O'Reilly exercises wide rowers in diocesan affairs, his jurisdiction being almost co-extensive with that of the bishop, and they constitute in law one judicial person. In the absence of. Bishop Farrelly from the diocese he acts in his place. with the same powers held by the head of the diocese. Monsignor O'Reilly was born in Cleveland February 22. 1873. son of Patrick and Delia (Readdy) O'Reilly. He attended St. Patrick's School at. Cleveland from 1879 to 1887, was a student in the Cleveland Spencerian Business College during 1887-88, then from 1889 to 1893, he was a student in St. Ignatius College at Cleveland and from 1893. to 1894 attended St. Mary's Seminary of this city. He was abroad five years from 1894 to 1899, in the American College at Rome. He was given' the degree S. T. D. by the Propaganda University of Rome in 1899, and received the LL. D. degree from the University of Notre Dame, Indiana, in 1909. He was ordained a priest by Cardinal Cassette on June 4, 1898, in the Lateran Basilica at Rome, and on returning to Cleveland served as assistant pastor of St. John's Cathedral from July, 1899, to September, 1901. For eight years he was a professor and treasurer of St. Mary's Seminary of Cleveland, from September, 1901, to December, 1909. On December 2, 1909, he became chancellor of the diocese of Cleveland and on September 19. 1911. pastor of the Cathedral Church. In 1914 he was made a domestic prelate with the title of monsignor, thus becoming a member of the Papal household. This title was conferred by the late Pope Pius X. He was made cigar general of the diocese January 24. 1916. Monsignor O'Reilly is a member of the Board of Synodical Examiners and Examiners of the Junior Clergy and of St. Mary's Diocesan Seminary. He was president of the onmni of the 'American College of Rome, 1911-12. and presided at the 1912 reunion of the Alumni Association held at Hollenden Hotel and Country Club at Cleveland. He was first president of the Alumni Association of St. Ignatius College of Cleveland. and has been chaplain of Gilmour Council of the Knights of Columbus for fifteen years. Monsignor O’Reilly, is credited with having started the movement for spiritual retreats for men under the auspices of the Knights of Columbus. The first retreat of this kind was conducted by him in Cleveland in 1904. The retreat is now held annually. with an attendance of between 1.500 and 2.000 men. These retreats are now an annual event in most of the larger towns and cities of the United States. REV. WILLIAM A. SCULLEN. chancellor of the Catholic Diocese of Cleveland. has been actively connected with the affairs of this diocese through nearly all the years since he was ordained to the priesthood. Rev. Father 92 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS William Aloysius Scullen is a man of exceptional administrative ability and in the course of his training had associations with leading churchmen both in America and abroad. A native of Ohio, he was born at East Liverpool October 2, 1879, a son of Patrick James and Joanna (Farrell) Scullen. His father is now deceased and his mother lives in Cleveland. His maternal grandfather, William Farrell, was one of the early settlers of East Liverpool and was a Union soldier during the Civil war. Rev. Father Scullen was educated in the parochial and public high schools of East Liverpool. From 1898 to 1902 he was a student in St. Charles College at Ellicott City, Maryland, graduating in June, 1902, and during the following year attended St. Mary's Seminary. Going abroad, he was a student in the American College at Rome from 1903 to 1909. The degree Doctor in Philosophy was given him by the Propaganda University at Rome in July, 1904, the degree Doctor of Sacred Theology from the same university in May, 1908, and in May, 1909, the Apollonarius University of Rome made him Doctor of Canon Law. In the meantime, on September 21, 1907, he was ordained a Catholic priest by Cardinal Respighi in the Lateran Basellies. at Rome. On returning from Europe Father Scullen was appointed secretary of the Diocese of Cleveland June 14, 1909, under Bishop Farrelly. Those were his duties until appointed chancellor of the diocese February 1, 1916. In that capacity an important share of the administrative duties of the diocese have fallen upon his shoulders. Rev. Father Scullen is a member of the Knights of Columbus, the Alumni of St. Charles College, the Alumni of East Liverpool High School and the Alumni of the American College at Rome. The latter society he served as historian in 1912 and as vice president in 1916-17. HOSEA PAUL. A career of quiet but faithful and unusual performance of duties has been that of Hosea Paul, county recorder of Cuyahoga County since 1913. The story of his active lifetime covers fully half a century. He has been a surveyor, civil engineer, railway builder, public official, and, chief of all, an originator and pioneer, much of the time far in advance of his generation in the introducing of efficiency and simplicity into technical and public business that has too often suf fered by the complexities of official routine. Hosea Paul is a Cleveland man whose name and career have a fine fitness in the records of the city. He was born at Cuyahoga Falls, Ohio, January 17, 1845, one of the seven children of Hosea and Ellen (Gamble) Paul. His father was born in 1809 and died in 1870, and his mother was born in 1813 and died in 1889. They were married at Canaan, Vermont, in 1833. In the paternal line Mr. Paul is descended from William Paul who was a resident of Dighton, Massachusetts, as early as 1635, and also of Joseph Jewett, a freeholder at Rowley, Massachusetts, in 1639. The Gamble family came from County Down, Ireland, in 1826. Hosea Paul, Sr., was a man of good attainments and high standing, excelling in mathematics and well versed in public business. He filled various local positions, and held the office of county surveyor for many years. There were seven in the family, Harrison D., 1835-1906 ; George, 1837-1900 ; Mary, 18391907 ; Robert, 1842-1905 ; Hosea, 1845--, Dwight, 1848-1912 ; Edward, 1851-1906. They received a good public school education and were trained to the profession of civil engineering and surveying, and most of them continued in this work. Their sterling character and proved fitness won general recognition, and a prominence in civic affairs which is still maintained by another generation. During the Civil war the father was selected. by. Col. J. H. Simpson, United States Engineer, as chief of railroad location parties along the route later occupied by the Cincinnati Southern. When in charge of army highways at Big Hill, Kentucky, General Grant stayed over night with him. Harrison and Robert were both engineers on the defenses at Cincinnati, George was assistant engineer in the regular service, United Stites Navy and served on the Paul Jones and the Monitor Nahant, resigning at the close of the war. From 1863 to 1865 Hosea was in charge of the family and of the surveying practice. He spent about ten years in this local work. At various times he has prepared maps for publication or tax purposes of Akron and Summit counties, Stark County, Cleveland, Marion, Wapakoneta, Bowling Green, Alliance, Canton, Massillon, Coshocton and Newark, Ohio ; Watertown and Dunkirk, New York; Newport, Kentucky ; Ozark, Missouri ; Brevard County, Florida ; and a historical atlas of Wabash County, Indiana. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 93 About twelve years of his active career were spent in locating and constructing railroads. His important work in this field covered an extensive mileage, including the Michigan Central from Gaylord to Mackinac ; Lake Shore and Michigan Southern from Fayette, Ohio, to Goshen, Indiana; the B. R. & P., Brockwayville, Pennsylvania ; the B. & M. line, Edgar, Nebraska ; Little Rock, Arkansas & Springfield in Missouri ; Baltimore & Ohio from Akron to Youngstown ; Akron & Barberton Belt Railroad. He was selected by Senator Brice to make detailed surveys of a railway proposed from Chicago to Toledo and Detroit. The study of grades, alignments, crossings and terminals was thorough and worthy of the highest engineering talent. In 1890 the Lake Erie and Western Railroad, which had begun a resurvey of its lines from Sandusky, Ohio, to Peoria, Illinois, employed Mr. Paul, and to this novel conception his skillful direction quickly gave vitality and a form available for the most extended use. At the time it was easily the most comprehensive undertaking of the kind ever fully carried out. It was happily styled by Mr. Paul in his pamphlet "Railway Surveys and Re-surveys" as a "veritable photograph, a living picture of the line." This pamphlet also contained the valuable recommendation to number railroad bridges by the mile posts instead, of consecutively. This timely suggestion was adopted all over the country. The range of his public service has been notably broad and valuable. He was deputy surveyor at Akron and Cleveland and for several years was chief land surveyor for the Cleveland Park System. He introduced a system of numbering courses to prevent omissions in descriptions. He also conducted for many years the surveying practice later turned over to Elmer B. Wight, a close friend. He has been city engineer of Akron and Cuyahoga Falls; county auditor at Akron; member of the Cleveland Board of Education 1885; was one of the organizers of the Cleveland Engineering Society in 1880; is a member of the City Club ; is second vice president of the Cleveland Real Estate Board in 1917; and vice president of "The Drake Day Association" which commemorates the discovery of petroleum. Mr. Paul's ambition to serve as recorder of Cuyahoga County was a natural outgrowth of his wide experience, which had convinced him that almost everywhere the public records were being handled according to the routine of the log house era, and the facilities afforded in this metropolitan county were of the same primeval pattern. In government, in industry, and society the fact is becoming every day better realized that these agencies and institutions are shackled by systems and practiCes that were adequate when originally adopted but are now obsolete and obstructive. The situation as it prevailed in Cuyahoga County had attracted Mr. Paul's attention years ago, and while other persons were also familiar with it he came to be regarded as the most conspicuous advocate of this needed reform. This, with a general confidence in his ability and character, led to his being placed upon the democratic county ticket in 1912. The party leaders guessed rightly ; it was a real campaign issue which, when presented to a body of voters remarkable for discrimination and independent thought, made his election a certainty. He took office as county recorder in September, 1913, and his present term extends to September, 1919. The index system which up to this time was inexcusably crude, was set aside in January, 1914, by a fresh start as to all new entries on a plan of such admitted excellence that there is probably no running alphabetical index anywhere, for any purpose, that excels it in magnitude, completeness and continuity. Printed forms and other efficient devices were also installed, which not only provided new facilities, but actually lowered the total operating cost, which in six years, 1907-12, including the recorder's salary, was 68 per cent of the receipts, while in 1916 the proportion of such cost was reduced to 48 per cent. It is not too much to say that his work in this office is regarded to be intelligent and constructive beyond that of any previous incumbent and have made a reputation that is now country wide. Mr. Paul very modestly disclaims such an estimate and says that he ventured to do a few things that he thought the public would appreciate and which were really easy by his policy of keeping in close personal contact with real estate men, bankers, attorneys, abstractors, surveyors and the pub-lie generally and was ready to profit by their suggestions and co-operation. His work for many years brought him into recorders' offices all over the country to an extent probably unsurpassed by any living man, and he still keeps up the habit of visiting such offices on his vacation trips. The public appreciaticin of his work has 94 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS steadily grown and in 1916 he was re-elected by the remarkable majority of 20,669 votes. His interest in the problems of land transfer extends to every detail, and always from a progressive standpoint. He is not impressed by mere tradition, however venerable. He is an advocate of The Porrens System and is, with others, engaged in preparing standard forms for conveyancing and for securing legislation for this and for other means of simplifying procedure. Mr. Paul's published writings include "The Systematic Subdivision of Land" (Journal Association Engineering Societies, 1884), "The Land System of the Reserve," "Village Forms" (New England Magazine, 1891), "Natural Gas" (Engineering Magazine, January, 1892), "The Clinton Line Railroad" (Firelands Pioneer, 1915), "Railway Surveys and Re-surveys" (Engineering News, 1891), and many other interesting articles which are frequently models of condensed description well worth further exposition in more extended form. His friends insist that he undertake this task as an implied obligation arising from his technical career, and from wide contact with affairs and because the extent and 'accuracy of his information can be made available by facility and grace of expression, with, upon occasion, touches of appealing sentiment, Qualities that, aided by a good presence and voice, make him a very acceptable platform speaker and his occasional efforts in this direction have been distinctly successful. Mr. Paul's activities have been many and by far larger than any brief outline can include. The military service of the father and older 'brothers left him in charge of the family and the surveying practice during almost the entire period of the Civil war. He, however, found an opportunity for service as a lay delegate of the United States Christian Commission at City Point, Virginia, which was then the headquarters of the army. He was given charge of the general storehouse, from which he received and distributed supplies to the hospitals and camps but did not perform any religious work. This experience gave him a view of military events at close range, and made a deep impression. It is only recently, however, that he realized its importance or gave it more than casual mention. It was voluntary service without pay, and his expense vouchers amounted to twenty-two dollars for the entire period. In 1865, with two older brothers, George and Robert, he was a surveyor on Oil Creek, Pennsylvania, when the speculative boom raged so fiercely. He saw, at its climax, Pit-hole City rise out of the fields, like a dream of the night, and of the survivors of these spectacular events none can better express their significance and sentiment than he has done on the occasions when he has undertaken to describe them. Politically Mr. Paul is a democrat, a friend and follower of the late Tom L. Johnson. But while his beliefs are strong his interest and fellowship are by no means restricted by partisan lines. His manner is kindly and unaffected, the sort that makes and retains friends. He can be delightfully reminiscent of the past, but his main interest is in the things of today and tomorrow, and in this, like all men who conquer a place in the community, his vision reaches far beyond the things he can do. He is, however, no vain dreamer, but is intensely practical and has the enthusiasm and persuasive power to secure definite results as he goes along. Above all, he is not troubled by illusions as to his own importance or originality, but freely acknowledges his obligations to others. His reading has been wide, and his appreciation of literary performance, including poetry, is keen. He is a student of local history. The story of the Western Reserve is a familiar topic with him. He delivered the principal address at the annual meeting of the Early Settlers Association in 1916. He is now making a collection of books relating to the early history of petroleum. While he recognizes the excellence of fraternal organizations, his membership in open bodies and his work has left him little time for participation in such agencies of social benefit. In 1875 Mr. Paul married Miss Einma Plum, of Cuyahoga Falls. Mrs. Paul died in 1913, and their only child, Kate, a girl of great promise, died in her eleventh year. Achievement is important, character is much more. Mr. Paul has lived a clean and honorable life, has performed his duties, private and civic, capably, with sincerity and a full sense of obligation. That is the crowning satisfaction of his long life and that is why he is so rich in the esteem of a wide circle of loyal and devoted friends. EDWIN CONVERSE HIGBEE was one of the citizens of Cleveland upon whom might be bestowed with peculiar fitness the title of merchant prince. The Highbee Company, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 95 which he founded and which is one of Cleveland's largest and best dry goods stores, located at Euclid Avenue and East Thirteenth Street, has long been associated in the minds of Cleveland people with the character of the man who for so many years controlled its destinies and upbuilding. Mr. Higbee was more than a merchant. In the city at large he exercised an influence fine in quality and purpose. It was an influence proceeding from a character of quiet strength, sanity and disinterestedness, fortified by a varied experience of men and events and directed by a kindly but keen discernment of human relations. Possessing a genius for executive management, he was a factor in his city's substantial fortunes and institutions. He also impressed by reason of his steadfast honesty as well as his ability to handle large affairs. In these days his career deserves all the more emphasis because it was a product of strictly American environment and of the best of American family stock and traditions. In the paternal line he represented the eighth generation from Edward Higbee (then spelled Higbie), who was probably born in Englnad in 1647 and was granted a house and lot at New London, Connecticut. In 1674 there is record of his residence at Jamaica, Long Island, where he died. His grandfather, Jeremiah Higbee, moved from Middletown, Connecticut, to Lewis County, New York, where other relatives had settled. Jeremiah Higbee, Sr., was a Baptist minister and died about 1842 at Turin, New York. Jeremiah Higbee, Jr., father of the late Cleveland merchant, was for many years the leading merchant of Lodi, Ohio. He died at Cleveland January 22, 1878, when about eighty-five years of age. He was not only a successful merchant but a man of deep religious convictions and exemplary life and for many years was a deacon in the Congregational Church at Lodi. He was about forty-two years of age when, at Lodi in Medina County on June 12, 1835, he married Sarah Converse. The. Converse family had its roots in early New England history. The authentic history of this line goes back nearly nine centuries. The family originated in Normandy. and from there went to England at the time of the Norman conquest. The American founder was Deacon Edward Conyers, who was born in Wakerly, England, January 30, 1590. The deacon spelled the name "Con- Vol. II-7 vers" in his day. He came with Governor Winthrop to Boston in 1630, first locating at Charlestown. Subsequently he was one of the seven men appointed by the church of Charlestown to found the church and Town of Woburn, where he spent the rest of his life and where he served as selectman. Many of the descendants of Edward Conyers have filled conspicuous positions in the learned professions, the commercial world and in public life. Among prominent men who claim him as an ancestor were: Commodore Morris, United States Navy ; William Dean Howells, who has recently been called the "dean of American literature;" Larkin C. Mead, the sculptor ; and John H. Converse, manufacturer and capitalist of Philadelphia. Sarah Converse, who was born April 12, 1804, was the second child of William and Sarah (Hunt) Converse, the former of Bedford and the latter of Concord, Massachusetts. They had been married by Rev. Dr. Ripley and located at the Town of Wethersfield in the fall of 1800. Their five children consisted of three sons and two daughters. Their first child, Eliza, married in 1821 Dr. Elijah DeWitt, a young physician of Wethersfield, and with him moved to Elyria, Ohio. Subsequently Sarah Converse and her three younger brothers moved out to Ohio and she lived there until her marriage to Jeremiah Higbee, as noted above. Jeremiah Higbee and wife had two sons: Edwin Converse Higbee, born at Lodi September 7, 1837; and Joseph Converse Higbee, born September 6, 1842. Six days after the birth of the second son the mother died, and a few days later the infant Joseph followed her. Edwin C. Higbee was thus left motherless at the age of five years. A second mother for a few brief years assumed the responsibility of the home, and she was followed by Virginia Foote'of Elyria, Ohio, who become the third wife of Jeremiah Higbee. To the influence of this noble woman, who lived to advanced years, Mr. Higbee always acknowledged a great debt. He was affectionately devoted to her to the end of her life. She did much to develop those qualities of mind and heart which so characterized the Cleveland merchant. As a youth Edwin Converse Higbee was noted as a thoughtful boy, was kind of heart, gentle manner, inoffensive speech, and yet with an early manifestation of purposeful conduct. He lived in the simple environment of a country village, attended school and had 96 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS sufficient responsibility to develop the quality of self reliance and enterprise. He was only sixteen years of age when he united with the Congregational Church at Lodi. Besides the advantages of the local schools he was for two years a student in the Baptist College at Granville, Ohio. An attractive business opportunity caused him to abandon his intention of completing the college course and he entered into an arrangement with Mr. John G. Hower, then a merchant of Burbank, originally Bridgeport, Ohio, and together they came to Cleveland and entered partnership under the name Hower & Higbee. This firm in time built up one of the largest retail stores of Cleveland. In 1897 Mr. Hower, the senior partner, died and in 1902 the business was incorporated as The Higbee Company, with Mr. Edwin C. Higbee as president. Mr. Higbee was a resident of Cleveland. from September 10, 1860, until his death forty-five years later on January 18, 1906. He had seen his mercantile enterprise develop in proportion to the expanding commercial power of Cleveland, and The Higbee Company, in which his son William T. succeeded him as president, celebrated its fiftieth anniversary in 1911. Considering his varied services and achievements it is only natural that a volume of appreciation and tribute should follow his passing. The sincerest tributes of all and those most significant were paid by employes who had been in close contact with him for many. years. His life was also expressed in a constant readiness to help in community welfare and in particular devotion to the church of his choice. Mr. Higbee was a member of the board of trustees of the Society for Savings, and was also identified with the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, in addition to his chief business responsibilties as president and director of The Higbee Company. He never shirked a duty as a citizen. Personally he has been characterized as dignified without haughtiness, kindly without condescension, and helpful without ostentation. President Charles F. Thwing of Western Reserve 'University aptly called him "one of the gentlest of all gentlemen and one of the noblest of men." Mr. Higbee was laid to rest in Lakeview Cemetery. On corning to Cleveland he united with the Plymouth Congregational Church. Some years later he transferred his membership to the Old Stone Church of the Presbyterian de- nomination and finally to the Calvary Presbyterian Church. He was for thirty-five years a ruling elder and made that a medium of the greatest helpfulness to both the Old Stone Church and the Calvary Church. A few days before coining to Cleveland Mr. Higbee was married, August 23, 1860, to Miss Mary Elizabeth Haines. Mrs. Higbee is a daughter of Austin David and Hannah (Tryon) Haines, of Lodi, Ohio. Mrs. Higbee and four of their five children are still living: Howard Haines Higbee, Ph. D.; William Tryon Higbee ; Mary E., the wife of William H. Clemnishaw, and Edith A., the wife of William T. Pullman. HON. WILLIAM RUFUS DAY, Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court, has been one of the distinguished figures in American national life for over twenty years. During the exciting period of, our war with Spain Judge Day's name was constantly associated in the minds of the people with the work of the state department and later as the chief negotiator of the peace between America and the Spanish Government. As a justice of the Supreme Court, while its work has been hardly less important, it is less dramatic and is not given so much newspaper publicity. On the bench Judge Day has been charaeterized as a very conservative thinker, a man who abhors everything in the nature of "fireworks," studying out his conclusions with a calm mind and expressing his opinions with apparently a complete indifference to public clamor and superficial currents of sentiment. Judge Day, while always absolutely frank in his utterances, possesses that balance of faculties which makes him a safe and reliable counselor in every national crisis. Many of his ancestors were men eminent in the law and his place in that profession is almost a birthright. Judge Day was born at Ravenna in the Western Reserve of Ohio April 17, 1849. A few years ago in an address before his home people at Ravenna Judge Day spoke of the atmosphere and environment in which his early youth was passed. "The generation with which my memory begins were mostly the children and grandchildren of Yankee pioneers. They cherished as a most precious heritage, the memory of those who had braved the dangers of the wilderness and subdued the new lands to the cultivated fields and thriving towns which make up the transplanted New England of the West. Like their ancestors CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 97 they were possessed of the New England conscience, and for principles in which they believed would follow a cause even to the stake. I suppose the most impressionable period of a human life is in the years when one is old enough to appreciate and hear for the first time the things which interest mankind in their daily life and aspirations. My most vivid recollections of Ravenna embraces the period just preceding and running through the Civil war. The people of the Western Reserve were profoundly stirred by the agitation of the question of the right to extend human slavery to the then newly settled territories of the Union. Under the leadership of such men as Wade and Giddings and Storrs, the majority of its people were strong in their denunciation of the growth of the slave power and firm in their demand that the new states should be free." Judge Day is a son of Luther Day; one time a Supreme Judge, of Ohio. Luther Day was born at Granville in Washington County, New York, July 9, 1813. He numbered among his family connections some of the Revolutionary soldiers. He completed his common school education and prepared for college in an academy. The sudden death of his father stopped his education and until he was twenty years of age he worked to support the family. After his father's debts were paid he began working his way through college by teaching. In 1835 he entered Middlebury College of Vermont and remained three years. In 1838 his mother removed to Ravenna, and while visiting her he determined to remain and took up the study of lir;v under Rufus P. Spalding. He was admitted to the bar October 8, 1840, and in 1843 was elected prosecuting attorney of Portage County. In 1845 he removed to Akron, but after a year returned to Ravenna and was again elected prosecutor in 1849. In politics he was a democrat until the Civil war. In 1851 he was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas, serving two terms. Early in the war he was appointed Judge Advocate General on the staff of General Tod, and in 1863 was elected a member of the State Senate. That office he resigned in 1864 to become. a judge of the Supreme Court. He was reelected to the Supreme Bench in 1869, and in 1874 was renominated but was defeated with the rest of the republican ticket. In April, 1875, Governor Allen appointed him a minority member of the commission to revise the statutes of the state. This position he resigned to become a member of the Supreme Court Commission, to which he was appointed in 1876 by Governor Hayes. When this work was completed he retired from public life and died at his home in Ravenna in 1886. He was an ardent Methodist. In 1845 Luther Day married a daughter of his former legal preceptor, Judge Spalding. Emily Spalding was a grand-daughter of Zephaniah Swift, who in early times served as Chief Justice Of the Supreme Court of Connecticut and was author of Swift's Digest. Rufus P. Spalding, her father, was a member of the Ohio Supreme Court and of Congress and was one of the notable orators of Ohio. Mrs. Day died in 1852 and four years later ;Judge Luther Day, married Miss Barnes of Lanesboro, Massachusetts. She proved a kind mother to the three children of Judge Day by his first wife and had a large family of her own. William R. Day acquired his early education in the public schools of Ravenna and was in the Literary and Law Departments of the University of Michigan from 1866 to 1872. Part of the time he served as librarian of the Law Library. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in 1870, read law in the office of Judge Robinson at Ravenna and attended law lectures in the University of Michigan in 1871-72. In 1898 his alma mater conferred upon him the degree LL.D. and he received a similar degree from the University of the City of New York in 1899. Judge Day was admitted to the bar in 1872 and began active practice at Canton, Ohio, where he associated himself with William A. Lynch. Other partners were Austin Lynch and David B. Day, and his firm gained a reputation second to none in the state. His public career covers a period of thirty years. He served as Judge of the Court of Common Pleas from 1886 to 1890, and in 1889 President Harrison appointed him United States District Judge for Northern Ohio. He resigned that office before entering upon its duties on account of failing health. In March, 1897, Judge Day was called to Washington by President McKinley as assistant secretary of state. On April 26, 1898, a few days after the outbreak of the war with Spain, he succeeded John Sherman as secretary of state and administered the affairs of that great office practically throughout the Cuban war. In September, 1898, he was succeeded by John Hay, and then became chairman of the United States Peace Commission at Paris and negotiated the Treaty of Peace 98 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS with Spain. In 1899 Judge Day was appointed United States Circuit Judge of the Sixth Circuit and in February,. 1903, President Roosevelt raised him to the rank and dignity of an Associate Justice of the Supreme Court, an office he has now filled for nearly fifteen years. In 1875 Judge Day married Mary Elizabeth Schaefer, whose father, Louis Schaefer, was for many years an active member of the Stark County bar. Mrs. Day died January 5, 1912. They were the parents of four children : William L., Luther, Stephen and Rufus. JOSEPH F. SAWICKI. Among the rising young men in public affairs and in the law Joseph F. Sawicki is one of those of foreign birth, but of Cleveland training, who have so truly absorbed the best spirit of the city and the times. He has obtained a firm standing among the rapidly-advancing attorneys of the younger generation, has been twice a member of the State Legislature, and has been constantly active in Polish circles, where he has a large and enthusiastic, following. Joseph F. Sawicki was born in the little city of Gorzno, Poland, near the border of Russia and Germany, March 18, 1881, and is a son of Peter, P. and Bogumila (Jurkowska) Sawicki. His mother was the daughter of an old Polish Legionary patriot who escaped from Russia and settled in German Poland. Something of a soldier of fortune, he possessed a military air, was tall and rugged, and a great walker and thinker. He died in .Poland at the age of ninety-six years. Peter P. Sawicki first came to the United States alone, in 1883, and after working for a few months and carefully saving his earnings, returned to Poland to make arrangements for the removal of his family. In 1885 he again came to this country, and after accumulating some small capital sent for his wife and children, who arrived. at Cleveland in April, 1886. The father during his earlier years was a mason contractor, but more recently has conducted a men's furnishing goods and shoe store on Fleet Avenue, Cleveland, where he is now doing a successful business, built up through industry and good business management. The mother died at Cleveland January 22, 1915. In the family of fourteen children, the first two were born in Poland; the second being Joseph F., and the others in Cleveland. Four children died in infancy, and a daughter died at the age of twelve years. Of those living, Dr. Bruno J. Sawicki, a successful physician and surgeon with a large practice at Detroit, is now a lieutenant in the United States army and stationed in the Massachusetts General Hospital; Alfons Sawicki is a student in his final year at Saint Stanislaus Parochial School; Clara W. is the wife of S. J. Olysztynski, vice president of the Truck Engineering Company of Cleveland; and the other children are single and live with their father. Joseph F. Sawicki was educated at Saint Ignatius College, Cleveland, in the law department of Western Reserve University, and the law department of Baldwin University, from which he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws, class of 1904. In that same year he was admitted to the bar and at once commenced practice at Cleveland, where he rapidly came to the forefront as a young man of remarkable ability, energy and initiative. He was interested in politics and public affairs from the start, and in 1905 was elected from his district to the Ohio State Legislature, the first Pole to be elected to that body. When he took his seat he was the youngest member of the Assembly, and continued to serve through 1906, 1907 and 1908, establishing an excellent record and through his fidelity to the interests of his constituents gaining many new friends and adherents. In 1910 he was again sent to the Legislature, serving efficiently in 1911 and 1912 and repeating his energetic labors in behalf of his community and his state. Since his retirement from the Legislature Mr. Sawicki has been engaged in the general practice of his profession, and has attracted to himself a large and representative clientele. In politics Mr. Sawicki is a democrat and has always been an active and energetic worker in the ranks of his party. He is one of the leading members of the Kosciusko Club, a Polish democratic club and the oldest Polish democratic organization of the city. He has numerous business interests, including the Progressive Building Company of Cleveland, of which he is president, and is largely interested in the handling of real estate. He holds membership in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, the Civic League, the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Cleveland Automobile Club, and is fraternally identified with Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. In the line of his profession, he belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association, the Ohio State Bar .Association, the American Bar Association and the Polish Lawyers Club of Cleveland. He has been a CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 99 constant and indefatigable worker in behalf of Polish independence, and in the ranks of his countrymen here has gained a commanding influence. Among his connections in Polish circles may be mentioned the Polish-American Chamber of Industry, the Polish Falcons, the Polish Singing Society, the Polish National Alliance and the Alliance of Poles of the State of Ohio. He is a member of the Polish War Commission and the Polish War Relief Committee, both of Cleveland. He is a member of Saint Stanislaus Polish Catholic Church of Cleveland, and belongs to the Polish Catholic Union and to the Catholic Union of the State of Ohio. In 1907, while attending the Polish Singers Convention held at Cleveland, Mr. Sawicki met Miss Eliabzeth V. Sadowska, a delegate from Detroit. Mr. Sawicki was a member of the reception committee, in which capacity he became acquainted with the young lady, whom he had never met before, although she had been born near his birthplace in the German-Polish province. Their friendship rapidly developed into a warmer feeling, and June 24, 1908, at Saint Mary's Polish Catholic Church at Detroit, they were married. Mrs. Sawicki was two years of age when brought to the United States by her parents, John and Anna Sadowska. Her father was a Polish nobleman. While he had known nothing of work of any kind, when he lost his fortunes in middle life he came to the United States, courageously determined to recoup his means. Arriving at New York, a bogus dollar was thrust upon him, which represented his sole means, but he soon managed to obtain employment, and out of a salary of 95 cents a day was able in the course of a year to save enough to send to Poland for his wife and six children. He learned the baker's trade at Detroit, built up a business of his own, and when he died, in 1906, was a highly prosperous and greatly respected citizen of his community. Mrs. Sadowska, his widow, still makes her home at Detroit. Mrs. Sawicki was educated at Detroit, attending Saint Mary's Parochial School, the Convent and Business College there, and the Detroit Conservatory of Music. Like her husband she is active in the affairs of the Polish people at Cleveland and is a foremost figure in much of the work being done. She was one of the organizers and the first secretary of the Polish Women's Union of America, and is at present a member of the Polish National Alliance, the Polish Catholic Union of America, the Alliance of Poles of the State of Ohio, the Polish Catholic Union of Ohio, the Polish Charitable Association of Cleveland. Four children have been born to Mr. and Mrs. Sawicki, all at Cleveland : Eugene J., Edwin F., Felicia Elizabeth and Anna Barbara, all at Cleveland. CHARLES HICKOX. Cleveland has always been the home of men who do large things in a large way. The destiny of the city can be quite authoritatively traced out in the activities and influence of prominent men whose careers are represented on various pages of this publication. Cleveland takes great pride in its transportation system and one of the foundation stones of its prosperity was the service it performed as a connecting link between the ore regions in the North and the coal deposits of the State of Ohio. In the development of both of these branches of the city's life one of the prominent faCtors was the late Charles Hickox. He was a man of unlimited energy, of stalwart manhood, and with a fine public spirit that equalled his vigor as a private 'business man. Hardly a name better deserves the tribute of the printed page. He was of Connecticut birth and ancestry and carried with him to Ohio those sterling virtues so long associated with New England people. He was born in Washington Township, Litchfield County, Connecticut, November 17, 1810, and his parents were also natives of Connecticut. He was the youngest of four brothers. When he was five years of age in 1815 his parents, following the tide of emigration to the West, located in Canfield, Mahoning County, Ohio. In that region, then almost on the western frontier, Charles Hickox spent his early life until he was seventeen.. In the winter seasons he attended the Canfield public schools, acquiring therefrom a fair education, and his summers were spent in the work of the farm. When seventeen he went to Rochester, New York, where he joined two brothers who had previously located there, and that city was his environment until 1837. Then, a vigorous young man of twenty-seven, and with the best part of his career before him, he cast in his fortunes with the small but promising city of Cleveland. Cleveland then had a population of about five thousand. It was at a peculiarly low ebb of material prosperity, since the year 1837 saw the culmination of the great panic following an era of unexampled enterprise and inflation of public credit. During the next two years