500 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS assistant superintendent with the White Company, automobile manufacturers, four years, and was then called to New York City as secretary and treasurer of the Tubes Realty and Terminal Company. Mr. Rust spent three and a half years in New York, returning to Cleveland in 1913, where he took up the real estate business independently with offices in the Williamson Building. With all his varied experience in manufacturing, banking and general commercial lines, a better choice of a man for the investment department of such a company as Merrill, Lynch & Company could hardly have been made than in the person of Mr. Rust. He entered upon his new duties in June, 1917. Mr. Rust is a republican in politics, is a member of the Union Club, and his chief hobby is war gardening. He and his family reside at 1837 Grasmere in East Cleveland. October 3, 1914, at Wellington he married Miss Evelyn C. Gibbs of Sewickly, Pennsylvania. Her parents Willard M. and Ellen (Rexford) Gibbs are both now deceased, her father having died at Wellington and her mother in New York City. The Gibbs family spent their summers in Wellington, Ohio. The father was for many years at the head of the T. H. Nevin Company, pioneer manufacturers of prepared paints at Pittsburgh and Sewickly, Pennsylvania. Mrs. Rust was born at Sewickly, was educated there in the grammar and high schools, and also attended the School of Oratory and Elocution at Boston. Mr. and Mrs. Rust have two children: Virginia Louise and Walter B., the daughter a native of Cleveland and the son of New York City. MARTIN SNIDER, the eldest son of Abijah and Martha Snider, was born in Dayton, Ohio, August 16th, 1846, and died in Cleveland, Ohio, January 1st, 1918. After a course in the public schools and the Dayton Business College, he gave his entire attention to his father's timber and cooperage business. Early in his career the business became of great importance due to the phenomenal growth of the oil industry. The increased demand for products of this factory necessitated the Snider's removal, first to Wapakoneta, Ohio, in 1868 and from there to Cleveland in 1871, where they had built, what was for those times, an extensive plant. By 1878, dependable and sufficient cooperage had become so essential to the Standard Oil Company's success in the transportation of oil, that they recognizing Mr. Snider's unusual knowledge and ability, invited him to sell his business to, and become associated with them. This he did, becoming at once manager of their cooperage department. This became Mr. Snider's life work as he remained the executive head of that branch of the Standard Oil Company business, until his retirement on August 16th, 1916. During Mr. Snider's residence of nearly fifty years in Cleveland he was identified with many of its business and civic interests. He was particularly interested, however, in The Guarantee Title and Trust Company, of which he was at one time president, The Cleveland Trust Co., of which he was a director for many years, and the Riverside Cemetery, of which he was treasurer. He was a member of The Union and Mayfield Clubs of Cleveland, The Castalia Sporting Club, and the Ohio Society of New York. VERY REV. JAMES AUGUSTINE MCFADDEN. It is indeed a highly responsible and most distinguished position held by this brilliant young priest of the Catholic Church in his capacity as rector and president of St. Mary's Theological Seminary at Cleveland. A large number of the priests in the Central West acknowledge St. Mary's as the source of their theological training. It is one of the oldest schools in the Middle West, having been established in 1849 by Bishop Amadeus Rapp, first bishop of Cleveland. Since then for a period of seventy years it has been the home and training place of the priests of the diocese of Cleveland, and is a school dignified by age, tradition, and by the fine character of its officers, teachers and alumni. The seminary is located at 1800 Lakeside Avenue. Besides Father McFadden as rector and president the other officers and instructors are: Rev. James M. McDonough, spiritual director and professor of moral theology ; Rev. Edward A. Mooney, D. D., professor of dogmatic theology; Rev. Edward F. Burke, professor of homiletics and history; Rev. Richard E. Brennan, D. D., professor of canon law, liturgy and scripture; Rev. Francis L. Cloves, director of ecclesiastical music. At present the seminary has an enrollment of fifty-five students preparing for the ministry, and the course is maintained for four years. The pre- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 501 liminary philosophical course leading up to the work of this institution is taken at St. Bernard's Seminary at Rochester, New York. James Augustine McFadden is a native of Cleveland, born in this city December 24, 1880, son of Edward and Mary (Cavanaugh) McFadden. His father was born at Castlebar, County Mayo, Ireland, in 1850, was reared in his native country, and in the '70s came to the United States and located at Cleveland. He was an honored merchant and business man of this city for many years, and died at his home 7615 LaGrange Avenue in October, 1914. Politically he affiliated with the democratic party. His wife Mary Cavanaugh is still living at the old home on LaGrange Avenue- She was born at Cleveland in 1861. They had a large family of children, briefly noted as follows: Edward, who died at the age of seven years; Rev. James A.; William, who died aged three years; Mary, who died at the age of twenty-four; John, who has his father's grocery store in Cleveland ; Catherine, wife of Joseph H. McGraw, in the wool business and residing at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Helen, living at home with her mother; Lucy, wife of Joseph Lamb of One Hundred. Seventh Street, Cleveland; Gertrude, a graduate of Cleveland High School and Normal School and now teacher in the city public schools; Genevieve, at home; Margaret, a student in Notre Dame Academy; and Geraldine, a student in St- Agnes School. In the family there is also an adopted son, Edward, who is also attending St. Agnes Parochial School. Father McFadden was educated in Cleveland schools including St. John's Cathedral and Holy Name School, following which he took the classical course at St. Ignatius College five years and pursued both the philosophical and theological courses of St. Mary's Seminary for six years. He was ordained a priest June 17, 1905, and said his first mass at Holy Name Church, while his first regular assignment was as assistant in St. Agnes Church of Cleveland, where he remained nine years. He was then sent to Lorain to organize a new parish, and in June, 1914, established St. Agnes Parish, of which he was formally installed as pastor. His old pastor in Cleveland, to whom he had served as assistant for many years, in making the principal address of the day at the laying of the corner stone of St. Agnes Church, in Elyria, on July 25, 1915, commended the young pastor in the following words: "I have a word of praise therefore to give to your young pastor, who will come into this parish like a messenger of Israel, to cure the wounds of the afflicted and to bring God's message among men. I will say that the bishop has priests as good, but he has no better than your pastor. A. word of commendation is due Father McFadden. He came to this city a stranger and by hard work and untiring zeal he has organized St. Agnes Parish. He has shown remarkable executive ability and has commanded the respect of all with whom he has come in contact. The future of St. Agnes Church is in his hands, and there is no reason to believe that he will not make a good account of his stewardship." And all these words were justified and the hopes thus stated were realized, for when Father McFadden left Elyria to return to Cleveland and assume his present duties on September 13, 1917, his record with St. Agnes Church constituted a highly organized parish and the construction of a school, the completion of the church building, and a most acceptable organization for his successor. Father McFadden is member of the Chamber of Commerce of Elyria and also belongs to the Elyria Council of the Knights of Columbus. JOHN H, KIRKPATRICK, secretary and treasurer of the Kenny Kirk Motor Sales Company at 8920 Euclid Avenue, is a Cleveland man of wide mechanical and business experience, and has some interesting associations with the automobile industry and he had charge of the first garage opened in the city, a fact which serves to call attention to the comparative brief time in which automobiles have figured as an intimate part of city business institutions. While garages are now common in practically every district of the city, it is necessary to go back only about fifteen years to find the pioneer garage of Cleveland and one of the first establishments of its kind in the Middle West. Mr. Kirkpatrick is a native of Ohio, and was born at Steubenville September 24, 1869. His full Christian name is John Hunter. His father John Kirkpatrick was born at Londonderry, Ireland, in 1825, was reared and married in the old country where he learned the trade of woodworker and carpenter. He married Annie Hunter, who was born in Londonderry in 1836- In 1850 John Kirkpatrick came to the United States and located at Steubenville, where he followed his trade and became connected with what is now the Penn- 502 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS sylvania Railroad Company. He was in the service of the railroad as a woodworker and carpenter for forty-five years, having removed to Columbus in 1885. In 1902 he retired and lived at Cleveland until his death in 1907. He was a republican in politics and was affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. From childhood he was very devout and religious in the performance of his duties as a Presbyterian. At Columbus he did much church work and was one of the founders of the Broad Street Presbyterian Church and served as an elder for many years. His wife died in Columbus in 1902. A brief record of their children is as follows : Annie, who died on the Atlantic Ocean while her parents were coming to America at the age of one year ; James B., a machinist who died at Cleveland at the age of forty-seven ; Thomas, a stone cutter who died at Steubenville aged forty-two; Hannah, who died unmarried at Columbus aged twenty-four; Annie, who was also twenty-four when she died at Columbus; Madge, who died aged twenty-seven unmarried at Columbus; John Hunter; Hattie, wife of F. C. Blake, ticket receiver for the Pennsylvania Railway Company at Cleveland; Kessey, who died at Columbus aged seventeen; and William, who is a traveling shoe salesman and resides at Columbus. John H. Kirkpatrick graduated from the high school at Steubenville in 1887 and then joined his parents in their home at Columbus. In the fall of the same year he left Columbus and going to Springfield, Missouri, entered the shops and learned the machinist's trade. In 1891, having finished his apprenticeship, he became a real journeyman and for experience traveled from place to place all over the Western and Southern states. Mr. Kirkpatrick has been a resident of Cleveland since 1897. After some other work at his trade he became connected with the Chisholm-Moore Company in 1898 and spent two years in their experimental department. In 1901 he joined the F. B. Stearns Automobile Company and was its assistant superintendent until the fall of 1902. It was at the latter date that Mr. Kirkpatrick took charge of the first garage at Cleveland. This garage was located in the old C. A. C. Building on Euclid Avenue opposite East Twelfth Street. The building and garage were owned by Ralph Owens, who all authorities agree was the real pioneer automobile man in Cleveland. Mr. Kirkpatrick continued to follow the garage business with varied concerns until 1911. In July of that year he and A. R. Davis opened what was afterwards known as the A. R. Davis Motor Company, now situated at 2020 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Kirkpatrick was secretary and treasurer of the firm until October, 1916, when the business was reorganized under the name of the Studebaker Sales Company of Ohio, a change brought about because of the assignment of a much larger territory to the company. Mr. Kirkpatrick remained as general supervisor of the business until February, 1918, when he and Mr. John J. Kenny opened the Kenny-Kirk Motor Sales Company at 8920 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Kirkpatrick is secretary and treasurer of the organization, which does a general garage business and also acts as distributors for the Nash Motor cars. Mr. Kirkpatrick is a republican, a member of the Baptist Church, of the Cleveland Athletic Club, and the Cleveland Automobile Club, and in Masonry has affiliations with Woodward Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Coeur de Leon Commandery, Knights Templar, Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also affiliated with Wade Park Tent of the Knights of the Maccabees. His home is at 8109 Whitethorn Avenue- He married at Seville, Ohio, in 1899, Miss Ada Pring, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Thomas Pring both now deceased. Her father came from England and for many years was a machinist at Cleveland. W. D. B. ALEXANDER. The subject of our sketch started life like the majority of Americans who have achieved success, without the influence of money or position. Something over thirty years ago, before the advent of the telephone Mr- Alexander had acquired the art of telegraphy, which knowledge he was using to communicate between a down town office and the out-lying yards of a coal company. He was born in Cleveland August 21, 1858, the son of David Brown and Frances (Parnell) Alexander. His father was a native of Pennsylvania, but in early life came to Cleveland where he was known as a car builder. He was also a member of the old volunteer fire department, of that branch of service known as "The Red Jackets." He was married in Cleveland in early manhood to Frances Parnell, who was CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 503 of British birth, her home being in Devonshire, England. Both parents died comparatively young, and were laid to rest in Woodland Cemetery. Mr. Alexander obtained his education in Cleveland Public Schools, and as above noted, started in life as a telegraph operator. Some three years after, he took a position with the Union Steel Screw Company, corner of Payne Avenue and E. Fortieth Street. His connection with that company in various capacities gave him the opportunity to develop his talents as a manufacturer. After thirteen years, during which time he made many friends who had confidence in his ability and integrity, he organized in the year 1889, The National Screw & Tack Company and was its first secretary. Within a few years, he was elected president and remains so at the present writing. The phenomenal success of this company is well known. A few years ago, the Union Steel Screw Company was absorbed by The National Screw & Tack Company, thus the institution in which he started in a humble capacity came under his executive control. Mr. Alexander has had a wide experience as an executive of several other successful Cleveland industries; notably The National Acme Company, being its president from its inception until April, 1918, since that time has been chairman of the board. He is also president of the following institutions: The Adams Bagnall Electric Company, The Cleveland Bolt and Manufacturing Co., The Cleveland Motorcycle Manufacturing Company. Nor are these all, for in banking circles he is active, being director of the Cleveland Trust Company and The First National Bank. Neither does he omit giving his share of time to the building up of a still greater Cleveland, being director of St. Luke's Hospital, trustee of Case School of Applied Science and trustee of Calvary Church. Mr. Alexander resides at 16900 South Park Boulevard. November 15, 1881, he married Miss Lida J. Graham of Cleveland, where she was horn and educated. Her father, the late John Graham, was a veteran of the Civil war. Mrs. Alexander is a member of the Woman's City Club of Cleveland and the Cleveland Art Association. They have three children: Harold G., who is treasurer of The National Screw & Tack Company and of The Cleveland Motorcycle Manufacturing Company; William Brownlee, general superintendent of The National Screw and Tack Company, and Mrs. William P. Foster, whose husband is associated with The National Screw & Tack Company. STEWART HENRY CHISHOLM. In 1849 Cleveland had a population of eighteen thousand. In that year Stewart Henry Chisholm, a child of three years, came to the city with his parents. One of the greatest cities of America has grown up around him. In that city, especially in its industrial and business affairs, he has played a role of increasing activities and ability corresponding to the growth of the community. He is a real part of Cleveland as Cleveland is a part of him. The work of many years can be briefly summarized and suggested by noting his important business connections as vice president of the American Steel & Wire Company, and of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, and as president of the H. P. Nail Company, the Chisholm-Moore Manufacturing Company, the Long Arm System Company, the American Grass Twine Company, and as a director and stockholder in a number of other corporations. Mr. Chisholm was born at Montreal, Canada, December 21, 1846, a son of the late Henry and Jean (Allen) Chisholm, to whom a separate sketch is dedicated on other pages. Mr. Chisholm as a boy attended the Cleveland public schools, and his first employment was with Stone, Chisholm & Jones, which later became the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company and finally as a branch of the United States Steel Company became the material plant of the American Steel & Wire Company. It is to this industry he has devoted practically half a century of his lifetime, and from it his connections have spread to numerous other corporations- Mr. Chisholm is a member of the Union Club, Country Club and the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church, and in politics is a republican. September 25, 1872, Mr. Chisholm married Miss Harriette Kelley, daughter of George A. and Martha J. (Eastland) Kelley of Kelley's Island, Ohio. She died December 30, 1895, the mother of three sons: Wilson K., a graduate of the Yale University with the class of 1898, now connected with a hardware supply company ; Clifton, who after two years in Yale University, became associated with the American Steel and Wire Company; and 504 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Douglas, a graduate of Yale in 1909, in 1910 married Edith Collings, the daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Geo. E. Collings and she died in 1917 leaving two children Douglas and Margaret Jean- Douglas Chislom is in the banking and bond business. January 23, 1900, Stewart H. Chisholm married Mrs. Henry P. Card, who died March 17, 1901. HENRY CHISHOLM. Cleveland has been for so long and in so important a degree one of the great centers of the iron and steel industry of America, that the growth and power of that business could never be completely illustrated through the activities and achievements of one man or even any group of men. But completeness and adequacy would suffer least and leave fewer big gaps and deficiencies in the story, if the detailed activities of the late Henry Chisholm Verse surveyed than probably would be true of any individual of the past. He was not only one of the big men of Cleveland ;but one of the big men in America in the iron and steel manufacture. Like America's most famous ironmaster he was a native of Scotland, and came of a family not wealthy but self respecting and above the plane of real poverty. He was born at Lochgelly in Fifeshire April 22, 1822. His father Stewart Chisholm was a mining contractor and died when his son Henry was ten years old. It was this tragedy in the family history which abbreviated Henry Chisholm's advantages in schools and forced him into the ranks of wage earners at a comparatively early age. His school days ended at the age of twelve and he was apprenticed to a carpenter. His apprenticeship continued five years, and as a journeyman he worked in Glasgow for three years. This brought him to the age of twenty, and in 1842 he crossed the ocean and settled at Montreal. He had not a dollar when he arrived there, and at that time there were probably a million young men of his age, with equal or more abundant opportunities, and with the world turning as bright an aspect upon them as upon this young Scotchman. He was in Montreal seven years. Part of the time he worked at his trade for others, and finally got into business. on his own account and developed a considerable organization for handling various building contracts up and down the St. Lawrence River. When Henry Chisholm came to Cleveland he was twenty-eight years of age. That was in 1850. With a friend from Montreal he built a breakwater for the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway Company at the lake terminus. It was a big contract, and he gave it his direct personal supervision for about three years. So thoroughly and well was it done, that other offers and a large volume of business was presented to him as soon as it was completed. Thereafter for several years his services were busily employed in building piers and docks along the lake front of Cleveland. By 1857 Henry Chisholm had amassed a modest fortune for those days of about twenty-five thousand dollars. That was only the foundation of his real success. He entered the ranks of iron manufacturers in 1857 and was one of the pioneers in establishing that industry in Cleveland- He was first a member of the firm Chisholm, Jones & Company, who established a rolling mill and manufactured railroad iron. Later the name was changed to Stone, Chisholm & Jones. That mill employed about a hundred fifty men and produced about fifty tons a day. The new rails were manufactured from iron from Lake Superior ores. To convert these ores into pig iron the firm erected a blast furnace at Newburg in 1859. It was the first blast furnace in that part of Ohio. The following year another furnace was erected, and the company modified its facilities for the manufacture of other classes of rolled iron besides rails. From Cleveland as a center and with Mr. Chisholm as the organizing genius the business spread rapidly and steadily. A rolling mill was erected in Chicago. Blast furnaces were established in Indiana, and these blast furnaces were supplied with ores from Lake Superior and Missouri. In 1864 Stone, Chisholm & Jones organized the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, into which the partnership merged. The company soon bought the Lake Shore Rolling Mill. One of the plumes of distinction accorded to Mr. Chisholm and his associates was the construction in 1865 of the second Bessemer steel works in the United States, and not only second but one of the most successful and perfect plants of its kind. This plant began with a capacity of twenty thousand tons annually. At the end of forty years its capacity was a hundred fifty thousand tons annually, and employment was furnished to about six thousand men, while the value of manufactured products was twelve million dollars. The mill manufactured steel rails in great quantity, but also many thousands of tons of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 505 other classes of steel and for almost every conceivable purpose. In the course of time the company acquired its own mines in the Lake Superior district and at these mines something like three hundred men were employed. In the course of Henry Chisholm's lifetime the value of the products of the different establishments of the company in Cleveland reached about fifteen million dollars annually. In 1871 he organized the Union Rolling Mill Company of Chicago, an institution independent of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company. He and Chicago partners erected a rolling mill at Decatur, Illinois. He lived to see the business of these concerns aggregate twenty-five million dollars annually and furnish employment to eight thousand men. These are some of the achievements which have led to an assertion, hardly possible of contradiction, that no iron industry in the United States had such an enormous growth from such small beginnings in such a short space of time. In less than eighteen years the business which Mr. Chisholm established in 1857 had come to represent an investment of ten millions. No panics materially affected the business of his concern, and in fact his industries were on such permanent basis that they were frequently able to extend financial assistance to some of the large and small railroad companies during periods of financial depression. Henry Chisholm was a fine type of the old fashioned employer, the real industrial leader, the man who went in and out among his workmen, understood some of the details of their commonplace existence as well as their rated capacity for doing a given quantity of work, and always remained accessible to the humblest man in his industries. Wealth never spoiled him and his simplicity of manner and unaffected sympathy were some of the finest fruits of real democracy. His authority was based upon something more than autocratic and arbitrary power. Henry Chisholm died May 9, 1881, comparatively young in years, not yet three score. At the time of his death he was giving employment to more people than there were in Cleveland when he came here. The news of his death affected the community like a blow. The men in his employment immediately stopped work and went to their homes. They could not go on. The societies with which he was connected passed appropriate resolutions, the works were closed down, and the community felt that one of its best men had been taken. He was a man of great power but above all of love for his fellowmen. He was never a figure in political life and yet no one could have done more in the line of public service. Any good charity could command his means, and institutions of religion and benevolence did in fact lean heavily upon him. The individual cases of assistance were unmeasured in number and unrecorded in memory except by the persons themselves. Mr. Chisholm was a trustee or director of four of the charitable institutions of Cleveland, for twenty years was an aetive member of the Second Baptist Church, and had a large number of business and financial connections with banks and manufacturing corporations. In Scotland Henry Chisholm married Miss Jean Allen of Dumfermline, Fifeshire. They were the parents of five sons and three daughters. Henry and Stewart died in infancy, and Christina at the age of five. The oldest, William Chisholm, now deceased, became manager of the rolling mills established by his father at Chicago and later took his father's place in the Cleveland Rolling Mill. He was vice president and general manager of the Rolling Mill of Chicago for seventeen years, and after his father's death was president and director of the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company. He was a very able business man. The second son, Stewart H., has also been a big figure in iron and steel circles in Cleveland. The third son, Wilson B., is deceased. The daughters are Catherine, Mrs. A. T. Osborn, and Janet, Mrs. C. B. Beach. STANLEY W. SPARKS was born at Columbus, Ohio, May 27, 1876. It is doubtful if any native son of Ohio at his age has seen so much of the world and has been identified with a greater range of interests and activities than Mr. Sparks. His has been a career full of life and action. That he is now head of one of the largest industrial organizations in Ohio is only the culmination of an intense and purposeful energy which began when he was a small boy. He is a son of Edward S. and Belle Sparks. Until he was twelve years of age he contented himself with the routine studies of the public schools. He left school, following the lure of the sea, and became an apprenticed seaman on the vessel of the William H. Bessie & Company. In that capacity he made several trips around the world. At Belfast, Ireland, he began an apprenticeship to learn 506 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the marine engineer's trade at Horland & Wolf 's shipyards. No salary was attached to his service as an apprentice and to support himself he waited on tables. He was there five years and was then given a card showing his competence for practical work as a marine engineer. For one year he was with the White Star Line in their Oriental trade and then joined the British India Steam Navigation Company of Calcutta and served as marine engineer on various ships of that line for two years. His next connection was with the Straits Settlements Steamship Company at Singapore, being on the mail service to China for one year. Until 1898 he was a marine engineer with the Archibald Currie Line at Melbourne, Australia. During the Spanish-American war Mr. Sparks transferred to the United States Quartermaster's Department of the United States Navy and was on vessels carrying supplies to Dewey's fleet at Manila. From this he entered the Quartermaster's Department of the army and was mustered out of service in October, 1898. Going back to Melbourne he was again in the British service as a marine engineer, and was on duty during the Boer war, carrying troops to South Africa. He resigned in 1901, and while returning to London on the steamship Mexican was wrecked off the coast of South Africa. After being rescued, he made his way by other vessels to London and was employed as a marine engineer with the Thames Ship Building Company until 1902. In 1902 Mr. Sparks returned to the United States and in Cleveland was employed as a machinist with several firms until the following year, when he went west and worked as foreman and master mechanic at different points along the Santa Fe Railway. In 1905 he was in San Francisco, and resumed his profession as a marine engineer with the Union Iron works until 1908. At that time he took up a business which he has followed more or less closely ever since, the sale of machine tools. He established a business for himself in San Francisco, and in the fall of that year carried his campaign into Mexico, selling machine tools to the different mines of that country. In 1909 he resumed his headquarters in San Francisco and was there until 1912, when he returned to the town of his birth, Columbus, and became a machine tool salesman for the Osborne Sexton Machinery Company. A year later he left that firm and returned to Cleveland as vice presi dent and manager of the Lake Erie Machinery and Supply Company. He sold his interests there in 1913, becoming manager of the machinery department of the Cleveland Tool and Supply Company until March, 1915. At that date, with other associates, he organized the Cleveland Machinery & Supply Company, of which he is president and treasurer, with C. D- Gibson, vice president, John O'Brien, treasurer, and W. E. Mc-Naughton, secretary. This company devised a special lathe for the manufacture of shell machinery. This lathe met with universal favor and in less than a year the company had sold the machines to an aggregate value of over two million dollars. At one time they had twenty-eight plants in Ohio engaged in turning out these machines. In March, 1916, the company bought the Kern Machine Tool Company at Hamilton, Ohio. This plant was equipped for manufacturing a line of high speed ball bearing drill presses, and also upright drilling machinery. After improving the plant and adding to its equipment they gave it greatly increased capacity. Among other improvements they installed a complete tool room employing 150 men. This business has grown so rapidly that the plant was soon inadequate to fill orders and they then bought the American Lathe and Press Company at Hamilton, employing 220 men- This plant is used for manufacture of a complete line of heavy duty engine lathes. In January, 1917, the business was reincorporated under the name Simplex Machine Tool Company. This company controls all the manufacturing plants owned by Mr. Sparks and his associates, while the Cleveland Machinery and Supply Company has the exclusive selling agency for the different plants. Phenomenal increases in industries of this kind are the order of the day, and in February, 1917, another great increase was justified. At that time they bought the Richmond Adding and Listing Company of Columbus; employing 125 men. That plant was well adapted for light ; manufacturing, and is now used for the manufacture of light tool machinery, especially 12-inch lathes and universal tool room grinders. At the present time the organization of which Mr. Sparks is at the head is approximately five months behind in its orders. Mr. Sparks since coming to Cleveland has established one of the beautiful homes on St. James Parkway in Cleveland Heights. He CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 507 is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Yacht Club, Willowick Country Club, Hamilton Club of Hamilton, Ohio, is a life member of the British Marine-Engineers Association and holds a Past Chief Engineer's Certificate in England. Politically he is a republican. At San Francisco January 12, 1909, he married Viola Belle Knarston. SIDNEY V. WILSON was for half a century a resident, business man and power in civic affairs at Willoughby, one of the interesting and prosperous units of population and commercial affairs in the Cleveland district. Third in a family of thirteen children he was born at Norway in Herkimer County, New York, October 15, 1823. The family migrated to Chautauqua County to a farm which was later incorporated in the grounds of the Chautauqua Assembly. In early youth he sought a home in the West. At Crawfordsville, Indiana, he learned the wheelwright's trade. He soon decided to return to Willoughby, Ohio, a place toward which he had been especially attracted on his way out by the knowledge that it was named in honor of Dr. Willoughby, the family physician who assisted in bringing him into the world ; and by the sign of "S. Smart," which hung over the little red grocery, and the striking appearance of a hotel painted in alternate colors of red, blue and green, known to the traveling public as the "Zebra Inn." His first work at Willoughby was the manufacture of wagons. His shop stood at what is now the corner of Erie and Spaulding streets. He made the wagons entirely by hand. One of them was in use on the plains as late as 1890. However, he soon assumed the management of the Zebra Inn. Among other guests to whom he stood host he entertained the officials of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railroad Company, who met there when the last spike connecting the Chicago and Buffalo divisions was driven. From '1854 for six years Mr. Wilson and K. S. Baker conducted a general merchandise store at Findlay, Ohio, being the first Yankees to go among that old Dutch settlement. On his return to Willoughby he was a partner with his brother-in-law, S. W. Smart, as a merchant from 1860 to 1872. At the latter date he engaged in business alone, his store being on Erie Street opposite Vine Street. In 1889 he removed it to the Carrel Block and enlarged his operations, admitting his son Sidney S. to copartnership under the firm name of S. V. Wilson & Son. In 1892 his younger son Ray Wilson came into the firm and at the same time they bought one of the Bond stores. Ray Wilson's death in 1898 was a great loss to the firm as well as to the community at large. The business expanded in 1899 by the purchase of two stores and the entire stock of Dickey & Col-lister. From that time until his death Sidney V. Wilson was the leading merchant of Lake County and after a brief illness of a week from pneumonia he died February 14, 1903, aged seventy-nine. Mr. Wilson was a man of strong individuality, among his most notable traits being his undoubted integrity, rigid scruples of honor, genial courtesy and his unbounded hospitality. Sympathetic and charitable; he had also a keen sense of humor, making him a most delightful companion, and was especially loved by the young people. No man, it is safe to say, ever had a better sense of the true value of wealth and ease, and no man exacted from it and imparted from it a greater amount of happiness. Sidney V. Wilson married February 3, 1856, Miss Hepzibah B. Smart, who was born at Orange, Cuyahoga County, July 4, 1833, a daughter of the late Samuel Smart, who came with his family to Willoughby, Ohio, in 1836 and for many years was proprietor of the little red grocery store over which was displayed the sign "S. Smart." She was a woman of culture and refinement ; educated in the old Willoughby Seminary, now Lake Erie College, and until her death which occurred March 10, 1903, at the home of her daughter Mrs. E. E. Flickinger at Indianapolis, Indiana, she held her membership and her interest in the Alumnae Association. Six children were born to the union of Mr. and. Mrs. Wilson, of whom two sons and a daughter died in infancy, and Ray in July, 1898. The two living children are Florence, wife of E. E. Flickinger of Indianapolis, and Sidney S. of Willoughby. SIDNEY S. WILSON, only living son of the late Sidney V. Wilson, was made a partner in the mercantile firm of S. V. Wilson & Son in 1889, nearly thirty years ago. He was then twenty-three years old, fresh from college, and with the average young American college man's ambition and aspirations for achievement and influence. He was born at Willoughby July 22, 1865. His educational and home advantages were of the best. In 1882, at the age of seventeen, he graduated from the Willoughby High School. 508 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Further preparation for college was made during the following year at the Buchtel Academy in Akron, after which he entered Western Reserve University, where he graduated with the class of 1888. His student record needs no comment from the fact that be was elected to the honorary scholarship fraternity of Phi Beta Kappa. The interval of a year between his graduation and his entrance into business with his father was spent as a teacher in the high school at Willoughby. The important thing for the public to know is how a man of education, initiative, and financial ability uses his talents and opportunities. In the ease of Mr. Wilson this fact is reflected partly by his notable record as a merchant, financier and business promoter, but even more by the influential place he occupies in the business and civic community of his home town and in Cleveland, where he is recognized as a leader as well as in his own community. Mr. Wilson remained an active associate with his father until the latter's death in 1903. In 1904 he organized the Sidney S. Wilson Company at Willoughby, taking over the entire interests of the old firm and adding the purchased stock of two competitors besides admitting to the firm several young men who had been identified with the business for a number of years. This organization developed one of the best equipped and best managed general stores in Northern Ohio. About the same time Mr. Wilson organized the Willoughby Hotel Company, which took over and thoroughly refitted the old Gibbons House, transforming it into the modern "Kingsley." The Willoughby Banking Company was another organization in which Mr. Wilson participated. This business was subsequently sold to the Cleveland Trust Company. Besides his interests at Willoughby Mr. Wilson is now interested in several Cleveland industries. For several years he owned and managed the A. C. Rogers Printing Company and also edited and published School Topics, a monthly school journal. With all his other work there has been no keener student and more consistent advocate of good government and civic improvement in Willoughby than Mr. Wilson. For some years he had a part in local school management, but otherwise refused political honors until the fall of 1909, when he was prevailed upon by his friends to accept the nomination for mayor of Willoughby, and was elected without opposition on the municipal ticket. He held that office with credit and with much advancement to the town from January 1, 1910, to January 1, 1914, two terms. Mr. Wilson is general manager of the Andrews Institute for Girls at Willoughby, and for eighteen years was member of the board of education and part of the time president. He is now trustee of the Western Reserve Historical Society. It is his distinction to be the first trustee of that society ever elected outside of Cleveland, the affairs of the society always having with this exception been entrusted to the management of Cleveland men. He is a member of the Alumni Association of Western Reserve University and of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity. Other organizations that claim his membership and some of his time are the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Willowick Country Club, of which he is a charter member, Hermit Club, the Cleveland Advertising Club of which he is president at this writing (1917-18), is a Mason and member of the Knights of Pythias. Any worthy charity in Willoughby can count upon him in advance for support. During the last year war work has especially enlisted his sympathy and earnest endeavors, especially has he been helpful in forwarding the Young Men's Christian Association campaigns and the Liberty Loan. Mr. Wilson was organizer of the first street fair ever held on the Western Reserve—at Willoughby—and was long secretary of the Willoughby Chamber of Commerce. His knowledge of men and affairs is not restricted to his home locality, and at different times he has accepted an opportunity to travel over the United States, Canada and Mexico. In June, 1891, Mr. Wilson married Miss Anna Clark Kingsley. They had been friends from childhood. Their one daughter Amo Louise is now Mrs. Sherman S. Clark, whose husband is connected with the F. G. Clark Oil Company of Cleveland. HENRY A. EVERETT. It is for his pioneer work in the construction and financing of electric public utilities that the late Henry A. Everett, who died at Pasadena, California, April 10, 1917, will be longest remembered both at Cleveland and elsewhere in the United States. Mr. Everett was identified with the construction and operation of various electric railways in Ohio, and he exemplified a special genius in the upbuilding of such properties and particularly in the management of the financial problems involved. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 509 Mr. Everett was born at Cleveland October 16, 1856, and was only sixty years of age when he died. His parents were Dr. Azariah and Emily (Burnham) Everett. His father was not only a physician but is remembered as the president of the first street railway in Northern Ohio. Henry A. Everett secured his education in the public and private schools of Cleveland. At an early age he turned his attention to business affairs, and soon became identified with the pioneer efforts at electric traction, and was a promoter, constructor and operator of electric railways and in various other industries in which electricity is the basic principle. He organized and financed a number of independent telephone companies and was identified with electric lighting corporations in many cities. For many years he was associated with E. W. Moore. The Everett-Moore syndicate became financially involved in December, 1901, with total debts approximating $17,000,000. Cleveland and Ohio banks and the large railway supply houses were the principal creditors. The properties of the syndicate constituted an aggregate value of $100,000,000. It required three years to liquidate the debt. The manner in which the difficulties were solved has been considered one of the greatest pieces of financial engineering in the history of Cleveland, and a large share of the credit has always been given to Henry A. Everett. Mr. Everett was vice president while Mr. Moore was president of the Lake Shore Electric and the Cleveland, Painesville & Eastern Railway companies, in addition to active financial connections with, many other electric traction companies throughout this country and Canada. He was also president of the Northern Ohio Traction & Light Company and of the London Street Railway Company of London, Ontario. A few months before his death a syndicate of New York bankers acquired control of the Northern Ohio Traction & Light Company, and as under the new management most of the old employes were thrown out of work, Mr. Everett gave one of many instances of his magnificent philanthropy by establishing a private pension to take care of his faithful subordinates. It is said that more than one Cleveland fortune is the result of Everett's friendship. He was known to let all of his favored assistants into his confidence, and those who remained faithful to him were sharers in his good fortune. For some time Mr. Everett was chairman of the board of the Detroit United Railroads of Detroit, Michigan. He built the Detroit Railway in 1895 and 1896 with the assistance of his friends and Mayor Pingree. It was the first three cent fare city railroad in the United States. Socially he was a member of the Union Club, the Century Club, the Colonial Club and the Electric Club. In 1886 he married at Cleveland Josephine Pettengill. They became the parents of three children : Leolyn Louise, now Mrs. Spelman of New York City; a son who died in infancy, and Dorothy Burnham. Mrs. Everett is now living at Willoughby, Ohio, where Mr. Everett some years ago erected a beautiful home. THEODORE C. ERNST. This is a name long and prominently associated with Cleveland's business affairs. Theodore C. Ernst was an early associate with his brother A. C Ernst in establishing the now nationally known firm of certified public accountants, Ernst & Ernst. Mr. Theodore Ernst's chief business in later years has been in developing and building up a splendid laundry service, and he now operates one of the largest and most complete laundry plants in the city. He was born in Cleveland September 23, 1869, a son of John C. and Mary (Hertel) Ernst. He was educated in the public schools, going from the West High School to the Spencerian Business College, where another year was spent taking special courses in English, bookkeeping and commercial law. For a number of years in his early business experience Mr- Ernst was connected with the auditing department of the Nickel Plate Railway Company. In 1903 he formed a partnership with his brother, A. C. Ernst, under the name Ernst & Ernst, public accountants. In 1908, as a result of the strain of business which caused a complete nervous breakdown, he sold his interest in this company to his brother and spent nearly a year recuperating. Upon being restored to health and activity he bought the Excelsior Laundry Company. He had this incorporated as the E. & H. Laundry Company, and has been the guiding head of its affairs ever since. Mr. Ernst is well known in Cleveland business and social life. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Automobile Club, the Add Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Industry and in pol- 510 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS itics a republican. June 17, 1897, at Cleveland he married Miss Cora Koepff- Their one daughter is Mildred, who attended the East High School, graduated from Laurel School for Girls in 1917 and later attended Miss Sayward's School for Girls at Overbrook, Pennsylvania. HENRY W. WEIDEMAN is a retired Cleveland business man, long identified with the well known wholesale grocery house of The Weideman Company. The name Weideman is one of the most conspicuous in business affairs at Cleveland, and has been so for more than sixty years. His father was the late J. C. Weideman, whose name not only stood high on the roll of Cleveland wholesale merchants but was also identified with public affairs. J. C. Weideman was born in Germany in 1833, and was a small boy when brought to Cleveland, where he grew to manhood. He entered business as a wholesale grocer and liquor merchant, his first location being on Merwin Street and later on Water Street. The successful management of this business brought him many important connections in business and financial affairs. He was one of the founders and directors of the Forest City Bank and was also identified with the Union National Bank and the United Banking and Savings Company and other financial institutions. His extensive real estate investments included a large tract of land on Lake Avenue at the foot of Merwin Avenue,. and many years ago he had built a large bowling alley on that property close to the Lake Shore. Many remember J. C. Weideman best because of his prominence in the affairs of the republican party in Cleveland. He was elected police commissioner, refused to serve a second term, and consistently opposed the urging of his friends and associates to become a candidate for mayor. He was affiliated with Bigelow Lodge Free and Accepted Masons; Thatcher Chapter Royal Arch Masons; Forest City Commandery Knights Templar ; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite ; and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine and is also a member of the Knights of Pythias. J. C. Weideman married Laura Muntz, who came from Liverpool, Medina County, Ohio. She died in Cleveland. There were three children : Charles, who died at the age of twenty years; Henry W.; and Laura, deceased. Henry W. Weideman was born in Cleveland October 9, 1855. He graduated from the Cleveland High School in 1873 and is also the possessor of a liberal college education. He is a graduate of Baldwin University with the class of 1877. When he took up his business career he went with his father in the firm of Weideman & Tiedeman and was secretary of the partnership, which was afterwards reorganized as the Weideman Company. This is one of the oldest and largest; wholesale grocery houses of Cleveland and is located at the corner of West Ninth Street and Mandrake Avenue. Mr. Weideman continued active as an executive of the business until 1908, and though still a director is practically retired. Mr. Weideman is an independent voter. His Masonic affiliations are with the Bigelow Lodge, Thatcher Chapter, Forest City Commandery and Al Koran Temple of the Shrine. Mr. Weideman and family reside at 12216 Clifton Boulevard. He married at Cleveland in 1877 Miss Dorothy Burk, daughter of George and Mary Burk, the latter still a resident of Cleveland. Her father was for many years a carpenter and builder on the West Side of Cleveland Mr. and Mrs. Weideman have four children : Carl, a broker living at Lake Avenue and Cove Street ; Pearl W., wife of William Kurz of Cleveland ; Myrtle, wife of Walter Theobald, a wholesale flour dealer and miller of Cleveland ; and Laura, who is married and lives in Riverview Park. J. H. WADE. Several prominent institutions and memorials in Cleveland serve to make the name Wade one of the most familiar in the daily life and affairs of the people of Cleveland. The completeness of this historical record of Cleveland demands some special reference to the individuals of the family who have figured most conspicuously in the life of this city. The first of them was J. H. Wade, whose activities link him with the greatest railroad builders of the Middle West and distinctively as the man. who established the first telegraph line in the Upper Mississippi Valley. He was born in Seneca County, New York, August 11, 1811, and his life was prolonged nearly eighty years. He died August 9, 1890. His father was a surveyor and civil engineer. J. H- Wade early showed a special taste for art. Possessed of a frail constitution in early youth, he made his first profes- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 511 sion portrait painting. He came west and for a time lived at Adrian, Michigan.. About that time one of the early mechanisms for practical photography came to his attention, and with only the printed directions to guide him he used the camera to take the first daguerreotype ever made west of New York. The keen perceptions and analytical mind of the artist had also many of the talents of the inventor, and while he was never conspicuous in the field of invention he did much to exploit and promote the inventions of others. He was early attracted to the telegraphic systems devised by Samuel Morse, and in 1847 took a contract to build a telegraph line from Detroit to Jackson, Michigan. This line was completed in the same year and Mr. Wade then opened an office at Jackson, installed an instrument, and inaugurated the first telegraphic service in this part of the west. After that his work more and more concentrated upon the building of telegraph lines. He was instrumental in the construction of the line from Detroit to Milwaukee and from Detroit to Cleveland and Buffalo. In 1849 he began the erection of a line of his own from Cleveland to St. Louis by way of Cincinnati- This was completed in 1850. He was one of a number of individual builders, and the competition between them became so great that all of them lost money- In 1854 Mr. Wade led a movement which brought about a consolidation of many existing lines, involving cities from Buffalo westward to St. Louis. He was general agent of the consolidated lines, and not long afterward was instrumental in creating the Western Union Company, in which he was a moving spirit and in it exemplified his genius for management. Probably his greatest exploit in the extension of telegraph lines was in formulating the plans and pushing the construction of the Pacific telegraph. He was the first president of the Pacific Company, which began construction at St. Louis and carried the lines half way across the continent to San Francisco by August, 1861. This was the first transcontinental telegraph line in America, and its successful operation proved a potent influence and the line was in fact a forerunner of the first transcontinental railway, which was built largely along the route followed by the telegraph wires. Later the Pacific Company was consolidated with the Western Union Telegraph Company, and Mr. Wade was president of this corporation un- Vol. II-32 til 1867 and for several years afterward was a director of the company. In addition to the part he played in the management and promotion of telegraph companies, he invented a type of insulator which is still in use. He also demonstrated the practicability of a submarine cable. In the popular mind the telegraph is closely allied with the railroad, and in that field, too, J. H. Wade was long a conspicuous factor both as a builder and operator. He served as a director of the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway ; director of the New York, Chicago & St. Louis Railroad for three years; director and vice president of the Atlantic and Great Western (now the Erie) ; director of the Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati & Indianapolis Railway; the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railway ; was a director and president of the Cincinnati, Wabash & Michigan ; and of the Kalamazoo, Allegan & Grand Rapids Railway Company; was vice president and director of the Grand Haven Railway ; a director of the Saginaw Valley and St. Louis Line and the Hocking Valley and Toledo road; and president of the Chicago & Atchison Bridge Company. He was responsible for the successful completion of the Valley Railroad Company which brought special advantages to Cleveland. The range of his interests is also indicated by his connection in some official capacity with the following organizations: Citizens ;Savings & Loan Association of Cleveland, which he helped organize in 1867 and was its first president; National Bank of Commerce, which he served as vice president and president; Second National Bank, of which he was a director throughout its period of existence; Cleveland Rolling Mill Company : Cleveland Iron Mining Company, Union Steel Screw Company, and the American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company, in all of which he was a director. He was also one of the chief orginators and the first president of the Lake View Cemetery Association. The most familiar memorial Cleveland people have to him is the beautiful Wade Park, which he laid out, beautified and gave to the city. While a trustee of the Protestant Orphans Asylum he also built the stone building on St. Clair Street at his own expense, known today as the Protestant Orphan Asylum, and one of the distinctive institutions of Charity in the city. In a public way he served in several positions which he honored and dignified by the importance and quality 512 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of the service rendered. He was a Sinking Fund commissioner, a member of the, Public Park Commission, a director of the Cleveland Workhouse Board, a member of the executive committee of the National Garfield Monument Association- For several years he was vice president of the Homeopathic Hospital and was president of the Homeopathic College of Medicine. It was through these and many other causes and institutions that he found means of expressing that depth of human sympathy and generosity which distinguished and elevated him above mere practical business men, and it was for what he gave of himself and his means as well as for what he achieved in a great area of transportation and communication that gave his career the qualities of enduring memory. RANDALL PALMER WADE. The only son of J. H. Wade was Randall Palmer Wade. His mother was Rebecca Louisa (Facer) Wade. Most of his life was spent in Cleveland and., though brief, it was impressive in its qualities and substance of achievement. He was born at Seneca Falls, New York, August 26, 1836, and died June 24, 1876, in his forty-first year. His personal experience and achievement did much to enlarge upon his notable inheritance and environment. The qualities he inherited from his distinguished father and the influences that surrounded his early life were as seeds that fell on extremely fertile soil. During his boyhood in Southern Michigan he came to share with his father an enthusiasm for the newly invented telegraph, and as a messenger boy in a telegraph office he had his first employment. Telegraph messages at that time were recorded mechanically by dots and dashes on a long roll of paper similar to the "ticker tape" of modern times. Young Wade soon mastered the art of reading the messages by sound. He had positions as chief operator in Columbus, Cleveland and Cincinnati, but finally retired from commercial employment to complete his education in the Kentucky Military Institute, from which he was graduated with the highest honors at the age of twenty-one. The following three years he had an executive position in one of Cleveland's largest banks. He also studied law under Judge Hayden and upon examination was licensed to practice in both the State and Federal courts. He became learned in the law merely for the purpose of rounding out his education, and never practiced. At the beginning of the Civil war he became chief clerk in the United States Military Telegraph Department at Washington. He was one of the four men entrusted with the secrets of the cipher code used in transmitting military instructions. Later he was promoted to quartermaster with the rank of captain and made second in command in the military telegraph department, with headquarters at Cleveland. This office brought him the further duty of purchasing and supplying telegraph materials for war purposes. The tremendous burdens of such an office are understood at the present time, when some of the finest executive and administrative minds in American business are being strained to the breaking point by their duties on the various war boards. It is possible to understand therefore the reasons why Mr. Wade resigned after two years in that branch of Government service. The last ten years of his life were spent in business at Cleveland. At one time he owned the largest retail jewelry house in the city, but eventually concentrated all his time and energies upon the management of the family estate, and in association with his father- Mr. Wade was secretary of the Cleveland and Cincinnati Telegraph Company ; secretary, treasurer and director of the Cuyahoga Mining Company ; secretary, treasurer and director of the Chicago & Atchison Bridge Company; president and director of the Nonesuch Mining Company; director of the Kalamazoo, Allegan & Grand Rapids Railway Company; a director of the Citizens Savings & Loan Association ; and president and director of the American Sheet and Boiler Plate Company. Mr. Wade is remembered as a man of great versatility of talents, but his outstanding characteristic was thoroughness in everything he did- When he was attending military school as a boy he took up with enthusiasm sword practice, and in the entire student body was regarded as the most expert in that branch of military technique. He mastered telegraphy both as a science and as a business, was a talented musician, had the command of several languages, and was a most keen and resourceful business man. Without ostentation he took upon himself many. philanthropic and civic responsibilities- He was at one time treasurer of the Church of the Unity at Cleveland. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 513 He married in 1856 Miss Anna McGaw of Columbus. J. H. WADE. Bearing the name of his grandfather, Jeptha Homer Wade, and a son of Randall P. and Anna (McGaw) Wade, J. H. Wade has been the medium through which most of the activities and influences of this well known family have become identified with the modern Cleveland of the present generation. Heavy responsibilities were prepared for him long in advance of his mature years and he was carefully trained and fitted to handle those responsibilities both by his father and grandfather. Mr. Wade was born at Cleveland October 15, 1857, and was only nineteen years of age when his father died. He was educated in private schools and under a private tutor and for over forty years had been busied with a great variety of large and important interests, including banking, railway and industrial administration, real estate and other properties. Since the death of his grandfather in 1890 most of the Wade interests at Cleveland and elsewhere have concentrated in him. Mr. Wade is chairman of the board of directors of the Citizens Savings and Trust Company, and at different times has been vice president of the National Bank of Commerce, a director of the Guardian Savings and Trust Company, vice president of the Cleveland Stone Company, director of the Cleveland City Railway Company, president of the Kalamazoo, Allegan & Grand Rapids Railway Company, president of the Montreal Mining Company, vice president of the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company, director of the Grasselli Chemical Company, and director of the Sandusky Portland Cement Company. He has also served as trustee and member of the executive committee of a number of educational and charitable institutions. For all the larger and broader citizenship which these positions and connections suggest, Mr- Wade is one of the most quiet and modest citizens of Cleveland, and has always been content to allow his work to speak for itself. October 16, 1878, Mr. Wade married Miss Ellen Garretson, daughter of Hiram and Ellen (Howe) Garretson. Three children were born to their marriage, two sons and a daughter. Mr. and Mrs. !Wade were devoted to their home life, but from it their interests and sympathies extended to many of the most helpful institutions of the city. Mrs. Wade died May 21, 1917. Most of the objects and worthy movements which received a strong personal impulse from her during her life will continue to benefit in years to come through the trust established in 1917 by Mr. Wade, known as the "Ellen Garretson Wade Memorial Fund," consisting of about $1,250,000. CARL F. UHL, JR. One of the contracting firms of Cleveland that represent a high degree of organization and technical skill is The Uhl-Jaster Company, in the Euclid Building. Mr. Uhl, president of this company, is a graduate of Case School of Applied Science, and is looked upon as one of the most progressive younger men in his line of work in the city. He is a native of Cleveland, born in this city August 21, 1886. His father, Charles Frederick Uhl, Sr., was born in Germany in 1845, but the family has been in Cleveland for fifty years or more. Grandfather Louis Uhl came to the United States and located at Cleveland in 1855 and spent the rest of his years here. Charles Uhl, Sr., grew up and married in Cleveland, and for several years was head mechanic with the Brush Electric Company. He then turned his attention to the jewelry and art business and had one of the well known and largely patronized establishments of its kind on the East Side of Cleveland. He died here January 4, 1917. He was a republican and a member of the Masonic fraternity. Mr. Uhl, Sr., married Julia Beilstein, who was born in Cleveland in 1850 and is still living in the city. Her father, who died at Cleveland in 1890, was one of the early pioneers in the furniture and cabinet-making business in this city. Mr- and Mrs. Charles Uhl, Sr., had three children, Louis F., Henry W. and Carl F., Jr. Louis is auditor for The American Fork and Hoe Company of Cleveland, while Henry W. is a photographer at Rogers City, Michigan- Carl F. Uhl graduated from the Cleveland High School in 1904 and from there entered Case School of Applied Science, from which he received his degree Bachelor of Science in 1908. He specialized in civil engineering, and in the ten years following his college career has had a vast and varied experience in engineering and building lines. For three years he was with the Courtney Engineering Company, and spent another year with the W. I. Thompson & Son Company, contractors. In 514 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS 1912 he established The Uhl-Jaster Company, general contractors, and the business is incorporated under the laws of Ohio. The secretary and treasurer is J. L. Jaster, Jr. Mr. Uhl while at Case became affiliated with the Zeta Psi and the Tau Beta Pi Greek Letter fraternities. He is independent in polities- In 1916 at Cleveland he married Miss Ethel C. Sumner, daughter of Frank L. and Nettie L. Sumner. Her mother still lives in Cleveland. Her father was a jeweler. FRANK S. MACOUREK, a man of broad and varied experience in industrial lines, is now secretary and treasurer of the Vlchek Tool Company, one of Cleveland's largest instituitions for the manufacture of automobile tools of all kinds. The plant, where 350 men are employed, is located at 10709 Quincy Avenue. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Vlchek Company. as well as secretary of the K. & M. Brass and Aluminum Casting Company. Mr. Macourek is a native of Cleveland, born here August 11, 1877, son of John Macourck, who was born in Bohemia in 1850. John Macourek came to the United States and located at Cleveland in 1868 when eighteen years old. He married here, and spent his active life as a molder. He died at Cleveland in 1913. In politics he voted as a democrat. John Macourek married Ana Rychlik, who was born in Bohemia in 1848 and died at Cleveland in 1910. Several of their children are among Cleveland's industrious, home owning and worthy people. The oldest daughter, Mary, is the wife of Anthony Cada, an insurance man of Cleveland. Anna married James Denk, a shoe merchant of Cleveland. James of Cleveland is a core maker by trade, and has charge of the core department of the K. & M. Brass and Aluminum Castings Company. Carrie is the wife of Frank Shipka, a farmer, living at Cleveland. The fifth of the family is Frank S. Bertha married Frank Kallal, a grocer at Cleveland. John, at Cleveland, is chief inspector for the Forest City Machine and Forge Company. Frank S. Macourek was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, and though he left school at the age of fifteen he supplemented and acquired a good education by reading and studying at home, using all his leisure time for several years in the better equipping himself for the serious duties and responsibilities of life. The first position he held was as office boy for two years in the shipping room of the Eberhardt Manufacturing Company. Then for two years he was office boy for the Cleveland Automatic Machine Screw Company. In the meantime he had acquired a knowledge of shorthand and as a stenographer he was for five years with the Shelby Steel Tube Company at Shelby, Ohio. His knowledge of this business caused him to be promoted and called to Pittsburgh as assistant buyer for the National Tube Company, where he remained, three years- Returning to Cleveland in 1903, he was purchasing agent for the Peerless Motor Car Company until November 1, 1917, at which date he joined the Vlchek Tool Company as its secretary and treasurer. Mr. Macourek is a member of the Christian Science Church, of the National Lodge of Knights of Pythias, Cleveland Athletic Club, and is a republican. His home is at 11702 Cromwell Avenue. He married in Cleveland in 1903 Miss Rose Hejduk, daughter of John and Barbara Hejduk, both now deceased. Her father was a profession) musician. Mr. and Mrs. Maeourek have one child, Lawrence H., born April 15, 1907. JAMES MADISON HOYT. The annals of the Cleveland bar have been enriched and dignified by a continuous membership of the Hoyt family through a period of eighty years. As a lawyer the late James Madison Hoyt long stood at the head of his profession, but he rendered services almost equally notable in other fields- For many years he was not in active practice but gave his time to his real estate interests and his work as an active promoter of religious enterprises. This Cleveland citizen of a previous generation was born at Utica, New York, in 1815- Both by training and by nature he was a man of eulture. He was graduated from Hamilton College, New York, in 1834, and at once began the study of law. After coming to Cleveland he continued his studies in the office of Andrews & Foot- In 1837 he was admitted to the firm, which became Andrews, Foot & Hoyt. When Mr- Andrews went to the bench of .the Superior Court in 1848 his partners continued practice as Foot & Hoyt until 1853- In that year James Madison Hoyt withdrew from active practice, and thereafter his business duties were largely in connection with his real estate interests in Cleveland and vicinity-. His life touched Cleveland at many points and always for the good of the city and its CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 515 people. After retiring from the law practice he was in 1854 licensed to preach the Gospel, though he was never ordained. To a singular degree he exemplified the virtues of true Christian manhood, and was closely identified with the work of Protestant churches. In 1854 he was chosen president of the Ohio Bap.tist State Convention, and was annually reelected to that position for more than twenty-four years. He was also president of the American Baptist Home Mission Society, the national organization for Baptist missions in North America, and he performed the many arduous duties of that office until resigning in 1890- For fifteen years he was president of the Cleveland Bible Society, an auxiliary to the American Bible Society, of which he was one of the vice presidents at the time of his death. While he was never conspicuous in politics, he was elected in 1870 a member of the State Board of Equalization, and in 1873 represented the citizens of Cleveland on the Board of Public Improvement. During his practice as a lawyer he was noted for his thorough scholarship, and with the ample means and leisure of his later years he acquired a genuine and liberal culture such as few men in Ohio excelled. He was well versed in the physical sciences, philosophy and history, and in recognition of his attainments Dennison University at Granville, Ohio, conferred upon him in 1870 the degree LL. D. Through all his active years he contributed liberally to religious and charitable objects, and during the Civil war gave valuable aid in numerous ways to the Union. The death of this honored old Cleveland citizen occurred in April, 1895. He was married in 1836 to Miss Mary Ella Beebe, of New York City. Six children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt: Rev. Dr. Wayland Hoyt; Ella ; Colgate Hoyt; Mrs. Farmer, of Cleveland; James H.; and Elton Hoyt. The two living are Colgate and Elton. JAMES HUMPHREY HOYT was one of the distinguished members of the Cleveland bar for forty years. Besides his prominence in the profession he exerted an influence as a vigorous thinker and a courageous public leader, and the republican party of Ohio recognized ,him as among its ablest advisers. His position in the bar was well indicated by his senior membership of the firm Hoyt, Dustin, Kelley, McKeehan and Andrews. Much of the splendid prestige of that firm can properly be credited to Mr. Hoyt. Cleveland knew Mr. Hoyt only in the vigor of his manhood, with mind undimmed and with resources unabated. From his large practice as a lawyer he sought recreation during the early winter of 1917 at St. Augustine, Florida, and after a brief illness of pneumonia he passed away in that city March 21st. He was a son of the late James Madison and Mary Ella (Beebe) Hoyt, and was born at Cleveland November 10, 1850. His father, to whom reference is made on other pages, gave up active practice at the Cleveland bar soon after the birth of James Humphrey. The latter was educated in the public schools, prepared for college at Hudson, Ohio, spent one year at Western Reserve University and two years at Amherst College. In 1871 Mr. Hoyt entered Brown University, where he was graduated in 1874. For a year he read law with Spaulding & Diekman, and in 1875 entered the Harvard Law School, where he was graduated LL. B. with the class of 1877. Mr. Hoyt began his career as a lawyer at Cleveland in partnership with the firm of Willey, Sherman & Hoyt. The firm subsequently became Sherman & Hoyt, and finally Sherman, Hoyt & Dustin. With the death of Mr. Sherman, Hoyt and Dustin continued in practice, and those two names have stood at the head of a partnership which by various stages has been Hoyt, Dustin & Kelley and now Hoyt, Dustin, Kelley, McKeehan & Andrews. For years the firm had their offices in the Western Reserve Building, but since Mr. Hoyt's death they have been located in the Guardian Building. Mr. Hoyt for the better part of his career gave his primary attention to the civil law. In earlier years he was a resourceful trial lawyer but latterly he was not a familiar figure in the trial courts. He was retained in many of the most important cases involving corporation and business law, and no Ohio lawyer was better versed in the complications of business law and practice than Mr. Hoyt. Besides his activities as a lawyer Mr. Hoyt was secretary and director of the Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company, was vice president of the National City Bank, was second vice president and general counsel of the Hocking Valley Railway, was secretary and director of the Pittsburg Steamship Company, the Peavey Steamship Company, the Lake Superior and Ishpeming Railway Company, and a director of the American Shipbuilding Com- 516 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS pany and the Superior Savings and Trust Company. He had extensive practice and 'experience as an orator and was famous as an after dinner speaker. His speeches were distinguished by an exceptional clarity of argument and a breadth and liberality of views which displayed his extensive acquaintance with economic, sociological and political problems. He was also interested in literature, and was a writer of verse at times, several of his collections of poems having been published. He was a member of the Cuyahoga and Ohio Bar and American Bar associations and a director of the Carnegie Pension Fund- He was also a veteran of Troop A of the local Cleveland Military Organization. For years his counsels were an influence and factor in shaping the policies of the republican party in Ohio. In 1895 he was republican candidate for the nomination for governor. He had a wide acquaintance with prominent men all over the country. Former President William H. Taft, President William McKinley, Elihu Root, Elbert H. Gary and Henry Frick were some of the people entertained at different times at the Hoyt home in Cleveland. As a native son of Cleveland Mr. Hoyt seldom failed to grasp an opportunity to give expression to his loyalty and to ally himself with the progressive movement in municipal affairs. He. was a director and was identified with various movements promulgated by the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He found his chief recreations in motoring and golf. He was a member and president of the Union Club, and a member of the Tavern, Country, Euclid, Roadside, Mayfield Golf, Chagrin Valley and University clubs of Cleveland. He also belonged to the Alpha Delta Phi college fraternity, to the Century Association, the University Club, the Sewanaka-Corinthian Yacht Club, New York Yacht Club and Metropolitan Club of New York City. The Hoyt family home is at 2445 Euclid Avenue. This home has long been one of the distinctive centers of Cleveland's best social life. He was married June 17, 1885, to Miss Jessie P. Taintor, of Cleveland. Mrs. Hoyt has done much to build and support two of Cleveland's best known institutions, the Day Nursery and the Lakeside Hospital, and is a director in both. Mr. and Mrs. Hoyt had two children : Katherine Boardman and Elton. Elton was graduated from Yale University in 1910. ELTON HOYT II, a son of James Humphrey Hoyt of a prominent Cleveland family elsewhere mentioned in these pages, is one of the city's younger business men, and is well known also in club and social affairs. He was born at Cleveland June 13, 1888, graduated from the Cleveland University School in 1906, and then spent four years in Yale University, graduating in 1910. During the seven years since his return from Yale Mr. Hoyt has been connected with Pickands, Mather & Company in their ore department. He is now in the sales end of the business and is also a director of the Superior Savings & Trust Company, director in the United Furnace Company, a director of the North American Motor Company of Pottstown, Pennsylvania. While at Yale he was a Psi Upsilon fraternity man, also belonged to the Senior Society of Scroll and Key. At Cleveland he is a member of the most exclusive clubs, including the Union Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, the Country Club, the Tavern Club, of which he is a director; University Club, of which he is also a director; Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, and is a member of the University Club of New York City, Yale Club of New York City and Pittsburgh Club of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Mr- Hoyt is a Presbyterian. ; At Cleveland January 3, 1914, he married Cornelia Brown, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Harvey Huntington Brown. Their two children are Cornelia, born January 2, 1915, and James Humphrey II, born September 2, 1916. COLGATE HOYT. Among the distinguished colony of Clevelanders who make their home and business headquarters in New York, one of the most prominent is Colgate Hoyt, a native of this city and still identified with it by many business interests and social connections. Mr. Hoyt has gained national prominence as a financier and a leader in the development of. industrial and transportation affairs. He was born at Cleveland March 2, 1849, a son of James M. and Mary Ella Hoyt. His father, Hon- James M. Hoyt, was an eminent lawyer, a man of pronounced influence in social and political affairs and honored and loved in the community where he lived. The mother was a woman of singularly rare and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 517 attractive traits of character and was the charm and grace in all society in which she moved. As a boy Colgate Hoyt attended private and public schools at Cleveland and at the age of fifteen entered Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts. An injury to one of his eyes caused his return home and he forthwith entered upon a business career in the hardware store of Colwells & Bingham in his native city. While he never completed a college education, his many attainments in the field of finance and business were properly honored by the University of Rochester in 1895, when it conferred upon ,him the honorary degree Master of Arts. Several years Mr. Hoyt was a partner in his father's business of buying and selling real estate, and as a result of those operations he still owns some substantial blocks of property in Cleveland. His permanent home has been in New York City since 1881. There he entered banking as a partner in the Wall Street firm of James B. Colgate & Company. In 1882 President Arthur appointed him Government director of the Union Pacific Railway and in 1884, backed by a large stock interest, he was elected a regular director. After several years he and his colleagues transferred their interests to the Northern Pacific Railroad. Mr. Hoyt was elected a member of the executive and financial committees of the board of directors of that road and vice president of some of its principal branch lines. In 1884 he also became identified with the Wisconsin Central Railroad, and pushed the continuation of its line west to St. Paul and south to Chicago. In Chieago he helped organize and finance the Chicago & Northern Pacific Railway, owning large terminals in the center of the city, now known as the Chicago Terminal Transfer Railway, a subsidiary of the Baltimore & Ohio. In 1889 Mr. Hoyt became vice president of the Oregon & Transcontinental Company, and in the same year became identified with the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Company, and for twenty years served on the board and as vice president- He was at one time vice president of the Duluth & Manitoba Railroad. Mr. Hoyt organized and financed the noted. Spanish-American Iron Mines of Cuba, afterwards sold to the Pennsylvania Steel Company and now a part of the Bethlehem Steel Corporation. His business interests are widespread and besides his. position as senior partner in the brokerage house of Colgate, Hoyt & Company of New York, he is vice president and director of the St. Joseph & South Bend Railway, and a director of the Brooklyn Rapid Transit Company, Canada Copper Corporation, Cuba Copper Company, Phoenix Mines, and United States Cast Iron Pipe & Foundry Company. One of his business achievements of special interest to Cleveland people was his organization in 1888 of the American Steel Barge Company. This was as a result of the transportation requirements of iron mines on the Great Lakes with which he was connected. The company built and operated upward of sixty "whalebacks" a peculiar form and type of steel barge and steamer for heavy freight. The shipyard of the company at West Superior, Wisconsin, was afterwards sold to the American Ship Building Company, and the fleet of vessels acquired by the United States Steel Corporation. Mr. Hoyt is a former president of the Automobile Club of America, and during his administration the club's beautiful home in New York City was financed and built. He is also a former president of the Ohio Society of New York City, and that was also a notable administration in the history of the organization. For some years he was vice president of the Aero Club, and is a trustee of Brown University- Mr. Hoyt is a life member of the Western Reserve Historical Society, the United States Navy League, is a republican in politics, and is a member of the Automobile Club of America, the Seawanhaka Corinthian Yacht Club, Union League Club, Metropolitan Club, New York Yacht Club, Chamber of Commerce, Metropolitan Museum of Art, Union Club of Cleveland, Pilgrims Society, Mill Neck Club, Ohio Society of New York, Sleepy Hollow Country Club, American Social Science Association, Canadian Camp Club, Empire State Society, Sons of the American Revolution, New York Society Founders and Patriots of America, New .York Zoological Society, City Midday Club, North Shore Horse Show Association, Piping Rock Club, Oyster Bay Board of Trade, Aero Club of America and Bankers Club. October 16, 1873, Mr. Hoyt married Miss Lida W. Sherman, of Cleveland, the third daughter of Judge Charles T. Sherman and a niece of Gen. W. T. Sherman and Senator John Sherman. Mrs. Hoyt died in 1908- Of their five children four are living : Charles 518 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Sherman, Annie Sherman, Colgate Hoyt, Jr., and Elizabeth B. Sherman Hoyt. The only one married is Colgate, Jr., whose wife was formerly Jeannette Myers of New York. In 1912 Mr. Hoyt married Mrs. Katharine Sharp Cheesman of New York. All his four children are now engaged in war service. Charles Sherman is a ship builder by profession and is now junior lieutenant in charge of the inspection of submarine chasers in course of construction. Colgate Hoyt, Jr., is first lieutenant of the One Hundred and Fifth Machine Gun Battalion, Fifty-third Brigade, stationed at Spartansburg, South Carolina. The daughter Elizabeth holds the rank of major in the Red Cross, has been to France on missions for Director Davidson and is now at Washington on Red Cross assignment. The daughter Annie has gone to France on Red Cross work for the length of the war. THE BROOKLYN ICE COMPANY is one of the large and important industries of its kind at Cleveland. This is due not only to its large and well equipped plant but to the fact that the men who officer the company are all thoroughly practical and widely experienced ice men, not only in the manufacturing and production end of the business but in all the details of distribution and service. This company was organized February 2, 1913, and the men who established it and are its principal officers today are Raymond L. Walter, Henry C. Miller and R. B. Way. Mr. Walter is president, Mr. Way is vice president, and Mr. Miller secretary and treasurer. The offices and plant are at 3319-3323 Henninger Road. The company has an artificial plant with a capacity for manufacturing fifty tons every day, and also extensive warehouses, equipment of trucks and other facilities for distribution, and has perfected its service to the most minute detail. Raymond L. Walter, president of the company, was born in Cleveland March 6, 1888. His grandfather, John. Walter, was. born in Ohio in 1835, was a farmer around Cleveland and died at Parma, a Cleveland suburb, in 1900. George M. Walter, father of Raymond L., was born in Cuyahoga County in 1858, and grew up in the vicinity of the old village of Brooklyn, now a part of Cleveland. For many years he was engaged in the quarry industry and afterwards for seventeen years was in the ice business. He owned twenty-four acres of land at Parma, conducted it as a farm, but sold out in 1917 and is now living practically retired at Brooklyn in Cleveland. He is a member of the German Evangelical Church. George M. Walter married in Brooklyn Catherine Dentzer, who was born at Parma in 1857 and died at Brooklyn in 1913. Their children are: Raymond L. and Olivia, the latter the wife of R. B. Way. The mother of these children married for her first husband Philip Klein, who was a pioneer quarryman of Cleveland. By this union there were three children, George, John and Philip, the latter two dying in childhood, while George is a resident of Lakewood and is bookkeeper for The M. A. Hanna Company of Cleveland. Raymond L. Walter was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, attended the Edmiston Business College years, and at the age of sixteen left school to begin work with his father in the ice business. Two years under his father's direction enabled him to start in a business for himself, and he was thus independently engaged, until the organization and establishment of the Brooklyn Ice Company in 1913, since which date he has been its president. Mr. Walter is independent in politics and is a member of the Associated Club. In 1909 at Cleveland he married Miss Lydia Brant, a native of Cleveland. They have three children: George, born in May, 1912; Burdette, born in February, 1914, and June, born in June, 1916. Henry C. Miller, secretary and treasurer of the Brooklyn Ice Company, was born at Cleveland July 14, 1878. His father, Charles Miller, was born in Mecklenberg-Schwerin, Germany, in 1851. In 1860, when nine years of age, he came to America with his brothers, John and Fred, locating in Cleveland. These brothers are still living in this city, John being night watchman for The City Ice Delivery Company, while Fred is. now retired after a. long service as porter at the Erie Railway Station. Charles Miller grew up and married in Cleveland and for twenty-seven years was connected with The Lake Erie Ice Company and after that was in the ice business for himself seventeen years until he retired. He resides at 4231 West Twenty-fourth Street. He is a member of the German Evangelical Church. In Cleveland he married Minnie Homan. She was born in 1857 in Rostock, Schwerin, Germany. Henry C. Miller, the only child of his parents, was educated in the Cleveland public schools and the Spencerian Business College, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 519 which he attended one year. When only thirteen years of age he began working for the Lake Erie Ice Company, and was with that company seven years, a period that gave him a most thorough and practical apprenticeship in every detail of the ice business. After that he was an active business associate of his father for seventeen years, and in 1913 with the partners named organized the Brooklyn Ice Company. Mr- Miller is an independent voter, is a member of the Brooklyn-ParmaRoyalton Civic Association, and is affiliated with Cleveland Lodge No- 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Another business interest is a co-partnership with E. D- Loewe in the ownership of the Johnson House situated at the corner of Pearl and Broadview Road. In 1907 at Cleveland Mr. Miller married Miss Idella Hall, daughter of James J. and Carrie (Loewe) Hall, residents of Cleveland, her father being manager of the Johnson House. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have two children, Helen, born in 1910, and Ruth; born in August, 1917. Raymond B. Way, vice president of The Brooklyn Ice Company, was born in Northfield, Ohio, July 27, 1884. His father, John W. Way, was born in the southern part of England in 1852, and came with his parents to the United States in 1861, the family first settling in Akron, Ohio, from there moving to Northfield, where he was reared, trained to the life of a farmer, and married- He spent his career there as a farmer and died in 1901. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity. John W. Way married Lyda Barnhardt, who was born in Boston, Ohio, in 1857, and now lives at Akron. She was the mother of four children: Charles W., who died at Northfield at the age of twenty-three ; Jessie; wife of John Schneider, a school teacher at Ottawa, Illinois; Raymond B.; and Rexford D., a veterinary surgeon living on East Eightieth Street in Cleveland. Raymond B. Way had a public school education at Northfield, graduating from high school in 1902, and the first two years out of high school he spent on a farm. Then for two years he was employed by the Buckeye Pipe Line Company and his duties took him all over Northern Ohio. On coming to Cleveland in 1908 he spent a year with F. M. Ranney, real estate, then farmed a year, after which he engaged in the ice business with R. L. Walter, and that association was continued until The Brooklyn Ice Company was es tablished and he was elected vice president of the organization. Mr. Way is independent in politics and is affiliated with Glenn Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He lives at Parma. He married at Cleveland in 1909 Miss Olivia Walter, sister of Mr.. Raymond L. Walter. REV. C. H. LEBLOND occupies a highly responsible position in connection with the institutions and affairs of the Catholic Church at Cleveland, being a director of Catholic charities in the city and also superintendent of St. Anthony's Home at 8301 Detroit Avenue, where he has his residence, his office being in the Standard Theater Building. Father LeBlond is of French ancestry, and a number of men of note occur in his lineage. His great-grandfather named Celest LeBlond emigrated from France during the French Revolution, first settling in Pennsylvania and later moving to Ohio. There has been Le-Blonds in Ohio for fully a century. The grandfather, Frank C. LeBlond, who was born in this state in 1815, spent a long and active career at Celina, where he died in 1897. He was a well known attorney and during the Civil war represented his Ohio district in Congress. He was a graduate of Mount Union College at Alliance, Ohio. Frank C. LeBlond married Louise McGinley, who was born at Elyria, Ohio, in 1829, and died at Celina in 1916. The next generation of the family was represented by the late Hon. Charles M. Le-Blond, father of Rev. C. H. LeBlond. He was born at Celina, Ohio, in 1857, was reared in his native town, finished his education in the University of Michigan where he graduated LL. B-, practiced law at Celina until 1889, when he removed to Cleveland, and was an active member of the bar of this city until 1903. That year seeking health he went to the Hawaiian Islands and was there until his death in 1911. He was an active democrat, and was very prominent in state politics while a resident of Celina. He was elected a member of the House of Representatives, served as speaker of the House, and was also a member of the State Senate. He was a member of the Catholic Church. Charles M. LeBlond married Anna Brennan, who was born in Cleveland in 1862 and is still living in this city. Her children are Luke, in the bonding business at Wichita, Kansas ; Father C. H. LeBlond ; and Charlotte, wife of Charles McTague, a resident of Buffalo, New York, and 520 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS assistant general freight agent of the Lackawanna Railroad. Father LeBlond was born at Celina, Ohio, November 21, 1883. He received an unusually thorough and liberal education, and from an early age his career was pointed to the service of the church. He attended St. John's Cathedral School at Cleveland, for six years was a classical student in St. Ignatius College at Cleveland, where he graduated in 1903, and the following six years he spent in theological work at St. Mary's Seminary at Cleveland- He was graduated in 1909 and ordained to the priesthood June 29th of that year. For the first two years he was curate of St. John's Cathedral and his special administrative abilities were then recognized by his appointment in 1911 as superintendent of St. Anthony's Home, of which he has had charge now for six years. Since 1912 he has been director of Catholic charities. St. Anthony's Home is an institution maintained for the benefit of working boys, located at 8301 Detroit Avenue, and has accommodations for fifty. As director of Catholic charities Father LeBlond has concentrated under his authority the many responsibilities involved in the administration of the varied charities of the Diocese of Cleveland, and through his office are conducted the financial and business administration of the hospitals, orphanages, infant asylums, old folks homes, and other institutions. Father LeBlond is a member of Forest City Council Knights of Columbus, and is a member of the City Club of Cleveland. ERNEST MCGEORGE. Because of his substantial professional achievements as well as his recognized high personal career, Ernest McGeorge, consulting engineer, may be numbered with the representative men of Cleveland. He was born in England, in 1877, and is a son of John and Ellen (Reynolds) McGeorge, old family names not unknown in different parts of Great Britain. In 1883 the parents of Ernest McGeorge came to the United States and in 1896 the family settled at Cleveland. The father was an engineer of wide experience and was chief engineer for the Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company during the busy days of steel development in this country. He is one of Cleveland's most reliable consulting engineers. The mother of Mr. McGeorge died at Cleveland in the spring of 1917. Ernest McGeorge was educated in the Cleveland public schools, and through home study, furthered by natural inclination, he taught himself the principles of engineering. His first work test was with the Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company, where his father was chief engineer, and he continued there nine years. Since 1909 Mr. McGeorge has served the Peerless Motor Car Company and the Ferro Machine & Foundry Company as consulting engineer, designing and supervising the building of $1,000,000,000 worth of work for the two companies- As engineer in the office of J. Milton Dyer, he supervised the construction of the foundations of the new heating system for the tuberculosis hospital, on the Cooley Farm at Warrensville. Mr. McGeorge opened his present offices in the Leader-News Building, Cleveland, on March 1, 1913. He specializes on the design, construction and supervision of manufacturing plants, warehouses and commercial buildings. His principal clients are the Peerless Motor Car Company, the Ferro Machine & Foundry Company, the Parrish & Bingham Company; the Winton Engine Works, on the West Side, the Chandler Motor Car Company, the H. J. Walker Company, the Briggs Manufacturing Company, the Elyria Iron & Steel Company, the Cleveland Switchboard Company, and much out of town work. His success in his profession has been pronounced. Mr. McGeorge was married in 1904 to Miss Eleanor Wooters, who is a daughter of Charles Wooters, of Cleveland, and they have two children, Marjory and Marian. Mr. McGeorge and wife are members of Hough Avenue Congregational Church. In addition to his profession Mr. McGeorge is interested in the Simon's Flat Slab Company and in several industrial concerns of less note. He has never had any military experience, but is a contributing member of the Ohio National Guard. Interested in all concerns the development of Cleveland, he is an active member of the Chamber of Commerce, and belongs also to the Cleveland Engineering Society and to the Cleveland Athletic and Automobile clubs. Not active in polities, he is, however, a close student of public questions and votes as an independent republican. JOHN MCGEORGE. During a long period of years one of the best known names among the consulting engineers of Cleveland has been that of John McGeorge, who has been associated in his professional capacity with the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 521 erection of some of the largest structures of the Forest City. Mr- McGeorge was born at Manchester, England, May 2, 1852, a son of William and Elizabeth (Cook) McGeorge, the former a native of Castle Douglas, Scotland, and a blacksmith foreman. When John McGeorge was two years of age the family removed to Stockport, England, where they made their home for twenty-two years and where the father died. It was in the common schools of that place that John McGeorge was educated, and there he began his apprenticeship as a machinist when only fourteen years old. In order to further his education he attended evening school at Owen College, now a part of Victoria University, at Manchester, England, and by the time he was twenty-one years of age was placed in charge of a factory as general manager. This plant, which manufactured horizontal steam engines, was located at Manchester and there Mr, McGeorge remained for a period of seven years. He next went to Nottingham, England, where he was engaged for three years in designing sugar machinery, and the next two years were pissed at Hornby Grantham, England, where he was a draughtsman for agricultural machinery. He then went to Guilford, England, to assume charge of an agricultural implement shop as general manager, but in the meantime had become interested in opportunities offered for advancement m the United States, and after two years left his position and crossed the Atlantic, locating at Bellaire, Ohio, where he became designer of special machinery for the Bellaire Stamping Company. In 1888 Mr. McGeorge removed to Washington, Pennsyl vania, where he built the glass works and installed the machinery, a work which required his efforts until 1890, when he went to Pittsburgh as chief engineer of the Pittsburgh Iron and Steel Engineering Company, being there located during the next three years. His next connection was with the Wellman Iron and Steel Company of Philadelphia, for which concern he was chief engineer three years. Coming to Cleveland in 1896, in conjunction with S. T. and C. H. Wellman, he founded the Wellman-Seaver Engineering Company, which is now operating under the name of Wellman-Seaver-Morgan Company. Mr. McGeorge was chief engineer of this concern until 1903. when he severed his relations therewith to engage in business on his own account as a consulting engineer, later becoming vice president of the Cleveland Engineering Company. He and Charles Wellman organized the Electric Controller & Supply Company, which has developed into a large and important enterprise. Mr. McGeorge maintains offices at No. 1053 Leader News Building. On March 5, 1873, Mr. McGeorge married Miss Ellen Sarah Reynolds, of Stockport, England, and they became the parents of nine children : Harold, who is an engineering sales, man ; Ernest, a consulting engineer of Cleveland, whose sketch will appear on another page in this work ; Herbert, who is chief draughtsman for Chandler & Price, manufacturers of printing machinery ; William, who is engaged with the Park Drop Forge Company; and two sons and three daughters who are deceased. Mr. McGeorge lost his wife by death in the spring of 1917. He is a member of Victoria Alumni, the Cleveland Engineering Club. the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Knights of Pythias. Since 1896 he has been connected officially with Hough Avenue Congregational Church, and at present is a member of the building committee thereof. In his profession he is recognized as one of the most talented and capable men in the country, a reputation built up alone upon merit and accomplishments. F. WILLIAM STEFFEN has for many years been identified with the printing business and arts in Cleveland, part of the time as a journeyman and part of the time as proprietor of a shop of his own. He has gained a high position among typographical workers in this city, and is now and for a number of years has been secretary and treasurer of Cleveland Typographical Union No. 53. Born in Cleveland November 5, 1868, he is a son of one of the early settlers of the city, Henry G. Steffen, who now at the age of eighty-four is still a resident of the city, his home being at 1780 East Twentieth Street. He was born in Germany in 1833 and came to the United States as a boy of seventeen in 1850. From that time forward for many years he was an industrious worker and business man in Cleveland, was a sash, door, blind and cabinet maker, and later had charge of the sewing machine department of the Kuntz Furniture Company. He is now retired from active responsibilities. Politically he has voted as a republican and is a member of the German Lutheran Church. Henry G. Steffen married Katherine Bruehler, who was born in Baden, Germany, in 1832, and died at Cleveland in 1915 at the age of eighty- 522 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS three. They had a family of eight children, F. Williams being the sixth in age. Henry, the oldest, died at Cleveland at the age of twenty-two. Caroline is unmarried and is her father's housekeeper. Anna, who lives at her father's residence, is the widow of C. H. Fark, a Cleveland shoemaker who died in February, 1917. The daughter Katherine died at the age of fourteen years- Lillian is unmarried and lives with her father. George W. has a book binding establishment on Frankfort Avenue. in Cleveland, and Ella, the. youngest child, is the wife of J. J. Kissick, who has charge of the Division of Buildings for the Board of Education of Cleveland. F. William Steffen grew up in Cleveland under normal conditions, and his early years were chiefly devoted to obtaining a common school education. He was a student in the public schools and also the Zion German Lutheran School. At the age of fourteen he was confirmed, and soon afterward left school to learn the trade of bookbinder. He served an apprenticeship of four years, following which he worked in various printing offices as a printer until 1901. That year he was elected secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Typographical Union No. 53, but in 1904 resigned as secretary-treasurer of Cleveland Typographical Union to engage in business for himself. In 1904 he organized The Acme Printing Company, which he sold in 1908. He then organized The Art Printing Company, but after conducting this for two years again sold out. The next year he spent as an organizer for the International Typographical Union, and in 1912 resumed his duties as secretary and treasurer of Union No. 53, with offices at 717 Superior Avenue. Mr. Steffen is a member of the Cleveland Printers Club and is giving much of his time to the duties of his responsible office as a member of the present progressive Cleveland Board of Education. He was elected to that post in November, 1915, and his four year term began in January, 1916. He is also a member of Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks; Cleveland Lodge No. 63, Loyal Order of Moose, and is a member of the Tippecanoe Club, an organization of local republicans. J. W. WILSON, president and treasurer of the Wilson Florist Company, has an experience covering thirty-five years in the gardening and greenhouse industry at Cleveland, and is proprietor of one of the larger establishments producing flowers for the general. trade. His extensive greenhouses are familiarly known by all who pass along the Woodworth Road near One Hundred and Forty-first Street. Mr. Wilson comes of a family of gardeners and landscape artists. He was born in County Down, Ireland, September 22, 1868. He is of Scotch-Irish ancestry and a number of generations back there was a common ancestor from whom his own family are descended and also that of President Woodrow Wilson. His father, James Wilson, was born in County Down in 1834. He was a skilled and highly famed gardener, and after coming to the United States in 1878 Sand locating in Cleveland was employed in his business in Gordon Park for many years. He died in Cleveland in 1906. As a voter he was an independent republican, and was a very active supporter and member of the First Glenville Methodist Episcopal Church. He also belonged to the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. James Wilson married Nancy McBurney, who was born in County Down in 1833 and died at Cleveland in 1908. They had five children: William, who resides at Bratenahl and for the past thirty years has been a gardener at the large Cottingham grounds; J. W.; A. B. Wilson, who owns greenhouses at Painesville, Ohio; R. A. Wilson, a farmer at Mentor, Ohio ; and C. A. Wilson, who lives at Mentor and for many years was gardener for Horace Andrews and is now employed in the same capacity by D- C. Norton. Mr. J. W. Wilson was ten years old when his parents came to Cleveland and here he finished his education in the public schools. He began work at the age of fourteen, and ever since has been connected with some of the practical phases of gardening and greenhouse management. He established his first greenhouse in 1893 on Eddy Road, but in 1908 removed to his present location on Woodworth Road, and now has greenhouses covering two acres. He has one of the chief businesses of its kind in Cleveland and supplies a large part of the market for cut flowers and patted plants in Cleveland and vicinity. Mr. Wilson is a democrat in politics. As a resident of the suburb of Glenville he has served on the school board and on the health board. He is a member of Woodworth Lodge Free and Accepted Masons and the Royal Arcanum. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 523 His home is at 14113 Woodworth Road. Mr. Wilson married at Cleveland in 1896 Miss Nellie Sutherland, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Kenneth Sutherland, the latter now deceased. Her father is a retired machinist now living in California. Mr. and Mrs. Wilson have one son, Kenneth, born January 22, 1897, a graduate of the Technical High School of Cleveland and now assisting his father in the florist business. GEORGE W. VAN CAMP. The Van Camp Varnish Company. Van Camp varnishes have a recognized standard of quality and excellence all over the United States. Various brands made by the company have been widely advertised, and contribute their share to the growing fame of Cleveland as the center of the paint and varnish industry. The Van Camp family, in fact, have been pioneers in that business in Cleveland. The father of Mr. Van Camp was the late Elijah Van Camp, who for many years was a prominent official in the Cleveland Varnish Company. The Van Camp ancestors came from Holland to New Amsterdam about the time of Peter Stuyvesant. Originally the name was spelled Van Campen. A forefather of the present .Cleveland family was Major Van Campen, who fought as a soldier and officer in the War of the Revolution. Elijah Van Camp was born in New York State in 1831. His father, Jared Van Camp, lived in the Chemung Valley of New York, and in that locality Elijah grew to manhood and acquired his education in the public schools. As a young man he came to Cleveland in 1854 and for about eighteen years was in the employ of the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati Railroad Company as a locomotive engineer. He was one of the most careful and trusted engineers with the company. He gave up railroading to become identified with the Forest City. Varnish Oil & Naptha Co. and was with that pioneer organization until 1881. In the meantime he acquired a thorough knowledge of all branches of varnish manufacture. In 1881 he and William Roeder organized the Cleveland Varnish Company. This was developed to one of the biggest concerns of its kind in the country. Elijah Van Camp remained as its vice president for twenty-six years, and it was his effective management, his vital force in making new plans for the growth and expansion of the business, that had much to do with its splendid prosperity and success. For forty years before his death, which occurred July 2, 1907, Elijah Van Camp made his home at what is now 2109 East 40th Street, but erected a new residence on that site in 1891. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce and greatly interested in the growth and development of Cleveland and always willing to lend his aid to any substantial project. He and his wife were very active and supporting members of the First Baptist Church- A well deserved tribute to his life and character was the following: "He was ever faithful to duty, whether of a public or private nature, and no trust reposed in him was ever betrayed to the slightest degree. He knew that infinitely preferable to wealth, fame or position was his own self respect and the merited esteem of his fellow men, and while he gained a creditable place in manufacturing circles he never sacrificed his ideals concerning right or wrong to any desire for prosperity. Moreover, his success was attributable to his own efforts, for he worked his way upward along well defined lines of trade, his interests growing in volume and importance as the years passed. His leading characteristics were ever of a sterling quality and won for him the favorable position which he occupied in the regard of friends and business associates." Elijah Van Camp married at Corning, New York, in 1854, Margaret Revill, who was born in New York State in 1836 and died at Cleveland in 1916. Her father was a. native of New York State and was killed in battle while a soldier of the Union army during the Civil war. The Revill family is a very old one in America, dating back several centuries. Elijah Van Camp and wife had the following children : Nellie, wife of L. E. Green, who is manager of manufacturing interests in Brook- lyn New York; Lillie, wife of A. Weidenkopf, a salesman living at Cleveland ; Margaret, who died in 1906, wife of George Rose ; George W. ; and Fred, who is connected with a manufacturing company in New Jersey. George W. Van Camp was born. at Cleveland in October, 1873, and was liberally educated, attending grammar and high schools at Cleveland, a military school at Worcester, Massachusetts, for a year and a half, and in 1894 completing a course in the Institute of Technology at Worcester. On returning to Cleveland he entered the varnish business and his work and interests have been steadily along that one line of industry ever since. In 1913 he organized the Van Camp Varnish Com- 524 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS pany and established its plant at 4476-4486 East 71st Street. The present brick struc- ture housing most of the offices and plant was constructed in 1913. Van Camp varnishes are well known to the trade, the market extending all over the United States. Mr. Van Camp is a republican in politics. He has an interesting military record, having served with the Cleveland troops of the First Ohio Cavalry for a period of twelve years. He was a member of the organization when the Spanish-American war broke out, and was commissioned captain and went to Tampa, serving from April, 1898, to the close of the war. He is a member of the Spanish-American War Veterans' Association and the Military Order of Foreign Wars. Mr. Van Camp also belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Athletic Club. Mr. Van Camp married at Cleveland in 1916 Miss Sarah Goldstein, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward Goldstein. Mrs. Van Camp was born in Southern Ohio. WILLIAM L. HEIDELOFF is a man who has been much of his active life identified with Cleveland, business and to some extent with its public affairs. He is secretary of The Cuyahoga Rendering & Soap Company at 808 Denison Avenue. He was born in Cleveland June 28, 1872. His father, Henry Heideloff, who was horn at Cassel, Germany, in 1843, was educated in the old country and came to America at the age of sixteen, spending a few months at and arriving at Cleveland in 1850. He was a carriage and wagon maker by trade and was one of the old time employes of the widely known firm of Rauch & Lang Carriage Company at Cleveland. He continued to follow his trade more than half a century, retiring in 1911. He died in Cleveland in 1915. He began voting as a democrat but eventually turned over to the republican party. He was a member of the Evangelical Church at Bridge Avenue and was affiliated with the Knights of Pythias. Henry Heideloff married Margaret Eyring, who was born in Germany in 1849 and died at Cleveland in 1913. A brief record of their four children is : George C., a patrolman with the Cleveland police force living on Riverside Avenue; Conrad, a finisher and painter who died at Cleve. land in 1917 ; William L., and Elizabeth, wife s of Alvin Kieselbach, living on Lincoln Avenue in Lakewood, Mr. Kieselbach being connected with the Zimmerman Company. William L. Heideloff attended the public schools through the grammar grades, and for four years was in the Spencerian Business College, from which he graduated in 1888. Then followed a long employment of twenty years with A. J. Wenhams Sons, the well known wholesale grocery home of Cleveland. He left that firm with an honorable and efficient record to take the position of chief clerk of the water connection department in the City Hall during the administration of Mayor Baehr. On April 29, 1912, Mr. Heideloff joined The Cuyahoga Rendering & Soap Company as bookkeeper and accountant and from those responsibilities has been promoted to secretary. The plant and offices are at 808 Denison Avenue. This is a general rendering and soap manufacturing plant, one of the important industries of Cleveland in this line employing about 100 men in the different departments, while its products are shipped all over the United States. Mr. Heideloff is a republican voter, is affiliated with Ellsworth Lodge Free and Ac- cepted Masons; Hillman Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; Riverside Lodge Knights of Pythias, belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Industry, and the Cleveland Commercial Travelers Association- His home, which he owns, is at 3220 Library Avenue. He married at Cleveland in 1894 Miss Amelia Loff, daughter of Mr, and Mrs. Fred Loff, both now deceased. Two children have been born to their marriage, Clayton H., born June 20, 1895, is a graduate of the Lincoln High School of Cleveland and is now enrolled with the National Army in the grade of sergeant; and Henry, born October 23, 1905. J. HAMILTON MILLAR. Among the representative business men of Cleveland today, the banking interests find in J. Hamilton Millar, cashier of the University School, an example of financial ability and high and trustworthy character. He has served with honor in both public and private capacities, and has a military record covering twenty-three rears, of which he may well be proud. J. Hamilton Millar was born in the City of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, June 26, 1850- His parents were James and Sybilla C. (Jackson) Millar. James Millar was of French decent but his birth took place in England, in CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 525 1819, and his death occurred at Philadelphia, in 1868. He came to the United States and located at Philadelphia in early manhood, and there became an accountant. He was married to Sybilla C- Jackson, who was born in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and died at Philadelphia in 1888. They had the following children : Robert Nicholas, who died when fourteen years old ; J. Hamilton, who was so frail in health in his youth that his parents feared he would not outlive boyhood ; William S., who is a very prominent citizen of Scranton, Pennsylvania, for fifteen years being postmaster and for twenty succeeding years an alderman, and at present is agent for the Government Industrial Commission ; Mardula, who died young; Sallie, who died in Philadelphia, was the wife of Thomas Wynn, who is librarian of the library at Hessianville, which is a suburb of Philadelphia ; and Maggie B. and Eli, both of whom died in youth. These children were reared in the Episcopal Church. When twelve years old, J. H- Millar was taken out of school by his solicitous parents because of his delicate health, and he spent the next three years on a farm and during that time grew strong and sturdy. He did not return to school, however, but on the other hand began to be self supporting and worked as a newsboy on the Pennsylvania Railroad for about seven months- In a position of that kind, a steady, quick-witted youth acquires a large amount of practical knowledge and this was the case with Mr. Millar and that he was capable of properly using knowledge thus gained was proved by his appointment as superintendent of the Union News Company on the above road, and his remaining there for seven years earning and receiving many promotions until he became an auditor for the company. Later he was appointed superintendent of the home office of the railway division with which he had so long been connected, from which he. retired in 1898 to enter the war with Spain. Mr. Millar became a resident of Cleveland in 1883, upon his retirement from the office of auditor, and this city has been his home ever since. Mr. Millar's military career began on March 27, 1893, when he enlisted as a private in Troop A, Ohio National Guards. His first promotion was to corporal and on March 17, 1904, he was appointed quartermaster-sergeant of this troop and was honorably discharged March 27, 1908. His troop was called out for service in the Spanish-American war and he was sent to Lakeland, Florida. He re-enlisted in the Guards on March 26, 1911, and was retired May 5, 1911, with a commission of second lieutenant of cavalry and was placed on the retired list of officers on June 6, 1913. In addition to regular war service, Mr. Millar was called out on many occasions when rioters had to be dispelled and when order had to be preserved during strikes and on one occasion to disperse the night-riders in Kentucky troubles. After returning from the Spanish-American war, Mr. Millar returned to Cleveland and went with the Pickands-Mather Company, in the Western Reserve Building, Cleveland, and was cashier at the N. Y. P. N. 0. dock until 1911, in which year he accepted his present position, that of cashier of the University School. Mr. Millar was married first in 1874, in Philadelphia, to Miss Elizabeth Meyers, who died at Cleveland in 1903. They had two children : Joseph H., who resides at Lakewood, Ohio, and is on the stock exchange, representing the Hayden Miller Company ; and Daisey C., who is the wife of Laurence P. Bassett, who is president of the Forman-Bassett Company, wholesale stationers and printers. Mr. Millar was married second, June 23, 1917, to Miss Hermine Root, who was born at Toledo, Ohio. The beautiful family residence is at Euclid Heights. In politics Mr. Millar has always been a republican. Since 1883 he has been a member of Trinity Episcopal Church, at Cleveland, unostentatiously contributing to its many worthy movements and quietly but helpfully giving to its faithful rector the practical kind of encouragement that never comes amiss in a large parish. HARVEY E. VOLMAR. The most substantial men in 'business and affairs are with few exceptions those who have grown with their opportunities and have shown widening capacity with each successive step and change in their relation to the business world. One of the business men of Cleveland whose career may be indicated by a successive progress through different connections and positions is Harvey E. Volmar, auditor for the Upson Nut Company and president of the Volmar Realty Company. Mr. Volmar was born in Cleveland July 4, 1881, was educated in the rural schools of Cuyahoga County and in 1898 graduated from the Euclid Avenue Business College. The 526 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS subsequent period of twenty years he has utilized is thus briefly noted : One year as bookkeeper with the Newburg Reduction Company; a brief employment with the South Cleveland Banking Company ; six months as clerk with Peek & Flick Provision Company ; then beginning as cost clerk with the Otis Steel Company was promoted to paymaster, an office he filled until 1909; with Ernst-Ernst Public Accountants as accountant until 1911; one year with the Penton Publishing Company ; and in March, 1912, coming with the Upson Nut Company as auditor. His offices are at 1912 Scranton Road. Mr. Volmar's great-grandfather came from France and established the family in this country nearly a century ago. The grandfather, Gustav Volmar, was born in 1835, and as a young man came to Cuyahoga County and spent his life here as a. farmer. He died at Cleveland in 1907. Gustav married Harriet Sawyer, a native of Vermont. Julius E. Volmar, father of Harvey E., was born in Newburg Township of Cuyahoga County in 1857, and has spent all his life in that locality. For twenty-five years he was a teamster and was with the Otis Steel Company for fourteen years. He retired in 1918 and is now living in Newburg Heights Village. He is a member of the Miles Park Presbyterian Church and is a democratic voter. He married Catherine Cartwright, who was born in Cincinnati in 1860. Of their family of children Harvey E. is the oldest, Estella is the wife of Clarence Niemann, an electrician in Cleveland ; Emma is the wife of Bayard Kiddle, with the Forbes Varnish Company of Cleveland; Elsie is unmarried and lives with her parents; William is a wood pattern worker in Cleveland. Mr. Harvey E. Volmar is affiliated with Ashlar Lodge No. 639, Free and Accepted Masons and with the Independent Order of Foresters. He is an independent democrat in politics. He built his home at 3807 Harvard Avenue in 1914. Mr. Volmar married at Cleveland in 1906 Miss Lillian Heimberger, daughter of August and Katherine (Gross) Heimberger, the former now deceased and the latter still living in Cleveland. Her father was a patrolman. Mr. and Mrs. Volmar have one son, Harvey, born June 28, 1907. EDWIN A. KAMERER is senior member of the firm Kamerer & Benes, the leading merchant tailors of Cleveland. It is a business of long and steady growth having been established by Mr. Kamerer over a quarter of a century ago. For forty years or more he has been actively identified with the clothing business or dry goods trade, and has filled every position from clerk to traveling salesman and proprietor of a business of his own. Mr. Kamerer is a native of the rugged and historical section of Western Pennsylvania, Mercer County, and was born at Greenville in that county December 15, 1853. His ancestors, the Kamerers, were originally Hollanders and came to America in pioneer times. The grandfather, Jacob Kamerer, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, and died in Mercer County in 1859 at the age of eighty-six. He went to Mercer County as a pioneer and acquired about 600 acres of the heavily timbered land of that section. He gave each of his five sons, Samuel, Daniel, Joseph, Simon and Levi, a farm of 100 acres, and still kept 100 acres for himself. Joseph Kamerer, father of the Cleveland merchant, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1814 and went as a boy with his parents to Mercer County, where he later occupied and developed the 100 acres given him by his father.. Much of it was cleared by the labor of his own hands, and he was one of the most prosperous farmers of that section for many years. He died at Greenville in April, 1867. Politically he was a democrat, which was the prevailing politics of the county, and was an active member and supporter of the German Reform Church. In Mercer County he married Susan Christman. She was born in Berks County, Pennsylvania, in 1819, and died in Mercer County in 1907, when at advanced age. Her children were : Sarah, who never married and died at Greenville at the age of sixty-nine; Reuben, who was a farmer and died at Greenville; Eliza, wife of John Fisher, a carpenter, living at Conneautville, Pennsylvania; Jacob, a farmer who died at Greenville; Lydia, who lives at Greenville, widow of James Deifenderfer, a farmer who died in 1912 ; William, a retired resident of Greenville; Edwin A.; Charles, who died at Cleveland, Ohio, at the age of fifty-three; and Arminda, the youngest and ninth child, who died at the age of five years. Edwin A. Kamerer spent his early life on his father's farm near Greenville, and acquired most of his training in the public schools of that city. At the age of sixteen he found work as clerk in a clothing store at Greenville and that opened up to him the ex- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 527 perience and opportunities of a permanent career- At the age of twenty-one he left Greenville and spent two years at Warren, Ohio, and on June 20, 1876, arrived in Cleveland. In this city his first employers were Adams & Goodwillie, manufacturers, jobbers and retailers of men's clothing. He was with that firm until they closed out in 1879. January 1, 1880, he went. with Morgan, Root & Company, dry goods and woolen jobbers, and spent ten years traveling over a large territory handling and representing their goods. He built up a large business in woolens pertaining to the tailoring trade, his territory comprising Ohio, Western Pennsylvania, Western Virginia and Virginia, Western New York, Eastern Indiana and Eastern Michigan. Unusually well fortified by experience and equipped in every way for independent business, Mr- Kamerer in February, 1890, started his present establishment as a merchant tailor at 99 Euclid Avenue. Later the business was moved to 387 Bond Street, and in October, 1898, to his present quarters on the second floor of the Garfield Building. Here he has a suite of four rooms and employs more than twenty expert tailors and workmen working to capacity for the purpose of supplying the very best trade in the city. Mr. Kamerer has been too busy a man to participate much in civic affairs- He is independent in politics, a member of the Christian Church, and is affiliated with Tyrian Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons ; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons ; Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar ; Cleveland Consistory Scottish Rite ; Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is also a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club. His home is at 8312 Hough Avenue. He married in Cleveland in 1909, Miss Abbie Jane Moran, a native of Jefferson, Ohio. GEORGE WYMAN, director and treasurer of the Wyman Mining Company and in full charge of the Cleveland branch of the business at their offices in the Williamson Building, is a veteran in the business and public life of this city and his active career covers more than half a century. Three generations of the Wyman family have lived in Cleveland, and all of the name have been distinguished as good business men and highly capable and public spirited citizens. The Wyman family is of English origin, Vol II-34 and settled in New England in colonial times. Moses C. Wyman, father of George, was born at Rutland, Vermont, in 1805, grew up in that New England town, married in New York City and a few years later moved to Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and from there came to Cleveland in 1852. He was a carpenter and builder and contracted and built many of the early homes and other structures in Cleveland. He died in this city in 1896. He was a republican in politics. Moses C. Wyman married Ann Lamb, who was born in Nottingham, England, in 1824. She died at Cleveland in 1876. Their children were: Helen, who is now eighty-four years old and living at Milan, Illinois, widow of Alexander Owens, who was a contractor and builder; Annie L., who at the age of seventy-nine is living at. Cleveland ; Mary, who resides in Cleveland at the age of seventy-two, widow of Edward A. Price, who was a miner; and George. George Wyman was born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, December 10, 1848, and was four years old when the family came to Cleveland. He was educated in the public schools here, attending high school one year. His formal association with books and school closed at the early age of thirteen, and from that time forward he depended upon his own exertions and capability to put him ahead in the world. Mr. Wyman worked six years in the photograph business when that art was in its infancy. For seven years he was connected with the real estate office of Wilson M. Patterson. Mr. Wyman made a record for long continued and faithful service with the Government as chief deputy in the United States Marshal's office at Cleveland. He was with that office seventeen years, through all the stages of political administration, and was the trusted man in charge under several different marshals. Since 1895 Mr. Wyman has devoted his chief attention to mining in Old Mexico. He spent fifteen years in Sonora, where he acquired some active interests in the silver mines of that Mexican state. In 1903 he promoted and organized the Wyman Mining Company, of which he is director and treasurer. Mr. Wyman married at Cleveland in 1873 Miss Clara C. LeVake, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George J. LeVake, both now deceased. Her father was for a number of years in the coal business at Cleveland. Mrs. Wyman, who died in June, 1917, after they had been married forty-four years, was the mother of three sons, all of whom are now prominent in busi- 528 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ness life. George R., the oldest, is a graduate of the Cleveland High School and is auditor for the Central National Bank of Cleveland. He resides at 3075 Edge Hill Road in Cleveland Heights. Leonard C., the second son, is a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science with the degree Bachelor of Science and now represents the Wyman Mining Company in active charge of its silver mines in Sonora, Mexico. Clifton L., the youngest son, is a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science with the degree Bachelor of Science, is connected with the furnace department of the Pickands, Mather and Company. His home is on Terrace Road in East Cleveland. CHARLES A. WARREN is president of the Euclid Superior Auto Supply Company at 13444 Euclid Avenue, one of the most complete organizations and best equipped establishments of its kind in the city. Mr. Warren is an expert machinist and business man, and has had a wide and varied experience that qualifies him for successful handling of his present company. Mr. Warren was born on a farm at Colebrook, Ohio, October 29, 1896. He is of English ancestry. His grandfather, George Thomas Warren, born in Devonshire, England, came to the United States in 1850 and settled on a farm at Newburg, now a part of Cleveland. George Warren, father of Charles A., was born on Guernsey Island in England in 1845, and was a very small boy when his parents came to Cleveland. He grew up on a farm and was working in a rolling mil at Cleveland when the Civil . war broke out. Though very young at the time he enlisted in 1861 in Company I of the Forty-First. Ohio Infantry. From that time until the battle flags were furled at the close of the war he was almost constantly on duty and exposed to danger in some of the greatest battles of the conflict. He fought at Shiloh, at Gettysburg, Lookout Mountain, Missionary Ridge, to name only a few of the principal engagements of his regiment. He was twice wounded. After the war he returned to Cleveland, hut in a few years bought a farm at Colebrook, Ohio, and was busy with its management and cultivation for twenty years, after which he retired and came to Cleveland where he died in 1917. He was a republican and a man very much interested in local affairs, serving as township trustee and assessor in Colebrook. He belonged to the Grand Army of the Re public and was a member of the Baptist Church. George Warren married Elizabeth Lawrence, who was born at. Cleveland in 1860 and is still living in this city. She was the mother of nine children : George, who served as an American soldier in the Spanish-American war, was a railroad man by trade, lived at Conneaut, Ohio, and was killed in a railroad wreck at Rocky River, Ohio. Gertrude, living at Cleveland, is widow of J. L. Cook, a Baptist minister. Edith, who died at Colebrook, Ohio, was the wife of Bry Webb, who now lives at Buffalo, New York, and is service man for the International Harvester Company. William G., who is in the automobile business with his brother Charles. J. L. a jeweler living at San Francisco. Charles A. Earl, who died at the age of thirteen. E. A., who is also associated with the Euclid Superior Auto Supply Company. Walter, in the engineering department of the National Lamp Company at Nela Park, Cleveland. Charles A. Warren spent most of his boyhood at Colebrook, Ohio, left the public schools there at the age of nineteen and served a four years' apprenticeship as a machinist in the Lake Shore Railroad Shops at Collingwood. His introductory experience in the automobile business was acquired with the Brock Electric Company at Fortieth Street and Payne Avenue in Cleveland, with whom he continued three years in this city, and then represented the same firm in Rochester, New York, two years. In 1915 Mr. Warren returned to Cleveland and established the Euclid Superior Auto Supply Company, which he and his associates have made one of the chief business concerns of its kind. The company is incorporated, C. A. Warren, president; E. A. Warren, secretary; and W. G. Warren, treasurer. Mr. C. A. Warren is a republican and a member of the Baptist Church, is affiliated with the East Cleveland Chamber ofNo-mmerce and Cleveland Lodge No. 63, Loyal Order of Moose. At Cleveland in 1910 he married Miss Margaret Howard, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Howard, both now deceased. They have one child, Marie, born in 1911. William G. Warren is treasurer of the Cleveland Auto Supply Company, was born at Colebrook, Ohio, July 11, 1886, was educated in the public schools and reared on a farm. At the age of seventeen he left farming and put in seven years as a painter and seven years as a carpenter at Akron. After CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 529 this varied experience he came to Cleveland and became associated with his present business. He is a republican and a Baptist. He married at Cleveland in 1907 Miss Eleanor elute, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Clute, her father still living a resident of Colebrook, Ohio, where he is a farmer. DAVID FITZPATRICK. Among the notable business enterprises that have made Cleveland a great commercial center and a recognized manufacturing point in the United States, is The Cleveland Worm & Gear Co., the rapid and unusual growth of which must be directly attributed to the experienced energy and enterprise of David Fitzpatrick, its able general manager. Mr. Fitzpatrick is well qualified, having devoted over twenty years to the careful study of worm gearing from a standpoint of both designing and manufacturing. In England, his native land, among the pioneers of worm drive, his name has long been identified with its highest development, and it may be noted that in practically every instance where a success in worm drive has been made in the United States, it is possible to trace the expert capacity or Fitzpatrick in one capacity.or another. David Fitzpatrick was born at Leeds, England, June 6, 1863. His parents were John and Mary Fitzpatrick. Until he was ten years of age he attended the excellent public schools in his native city. The unusual talent possessed by the youth had already commenced to develop and his aptness in relation to mechanics, procured for him his parents' consent in the matter of entering his grandfather's manufacturing plant, largely devoted to the manufacture of worms, the family business for generations, and because of his ready understanding of mechanical problems there encountered, was given further encouragement and at the age of twelve years was enrolled as a student in the Mechanics Institute, where he had thorough and comprehensive training and remained until 1879. Mr. Fitzpatrick then served for one year as an engineer for the Cunard Steamship Company, on various vessels, returning then to his grandfather's works at Leeds, where he continued until 1901, when he became connected with the firm of E. G. Wrigley, of Birmingham, which concern has always been prominent when high grade worm gears have been considered. In 1905 Mr. Fitzpatrick associated himself with the firm of David Brown & Sons (Hddfd), Ltd., and continued until shortly before he made his Memorable decision to come to the United States. In the spring of 1912 Mr. Fitzpatrick came from England to Cleveland, his object being to introduce the worm and gear business as at present conducted, and in May of that year The Cleveland Worm & Gear Co., was organized, with F. M. Gregg as president ; David Fitzpatrick as vice president and general manager, and C. J. Fitzpatrick as secretary and treasurer. The first years' output was 2,000 sets of gears and employment was given twenty men. Today the output is up to the full capacity of the company's equipment, 80,000 sets, with 350 men employed, and when more space and added facilities are acquired, the output will be doubled according to the present business outlook. This business has, in the short space of five years, grown to be the largest of its kind in the world and has increased far beyond the founders expectations of its founders. There is an easy explanation. While the worm is one of the oldest and most powerful of all mechanical devices, to make it economically applicable to modern machinery, particularly in the automobile trade, it required improvement and more accurate construction, and in the engineering works of his grandfather, David Fitzpatrick learned the methods of perfecting this useful bit of mechanism. Its use in England is no longer a matter of comment and since Mr. Fitzpatrick, with his skill and practical business methods has succeeded in placing it so widely before the public that it has become indispensable in the manufacture and operation of high grade automobiles of all descriptions. The company has issued a very interesting pamphlet explaining fully the value of the worm and wheel as now used and manufactured by the Cleveland Worm & Gear Co. Mr. Fitzpatrick, with the practical ideas that have been so notably displayed in his successful business operations since coming to Cleveland, brought with him his own force of expert mechanicians and his equipment, all the machinery being especially designed. All worms manufactured by this company are ground after hardening instead of lapped. Mr. Fitzpatrick was married in Leeds, in February, 1885, to Miss Lillie Clark, and they have two childW-,, Charles J.. and Clifford W., both of whom are associated with their father in business, the former being secretary and treasurer of The Cleveland Worm & Gear Co., and the latter, a graduate of 530 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the Leeds Mechanics Institute, is foreman of the works, both experienced engineers. Mr. Fitzpatrick has long been a member of the Masonic fraternity but otherwise has given comparatively little attention to organizations outside the bounds of his profession. He has made a profound impression in business circles in this city and the respect and admiration entertained for him is sincere. HARRY B. KNAPP. Success in business as well as in life is a matter of adjustment to new responsibilities and duties with every year bringing widening capacity for usefulness and service- In 1900 Harry B. Knapp was enrolled as a clerk in The Standard Sewing Machine Company's plant in Cleveland. He is today one of the live and enterprising officials of that organization. He was promoted from clerk to bookkeeper, to head accountant, next to cashier, became assistant secretary and since 1915 has been secretary of the company. This is a large and important business, its offices and plant being located at Cedar Avenue and the C. & P. Railway. Mr. Knapp is a native of Cleveland, born December 9, 1879. His father is Charles B. Knapp, who was born in Malmesbury, Wiltshire, England, in 1847. He grew up in his native country, but in 1865 came to Cleveland. For some years he was a captain in the fire department, and later was secretary of the city fire department. Since 1913 he has lived retired. He is a republican and is affiliated with Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Free and Accepted Masons. Charles B. Knapp married Julia A. Mock, who was born in Cleveland in 1850 Her father was one of the early teaming contractors of the city and died here. Of the children of Charles B. Knapp and wife the only two now living are : Harry B. and George H. The latter lives in Cleveland and is superintendent of motive power for the Lake Shore Railway. Harry B. Knapp was educated in the Cleveland public schools, spending two years in high school. At the age of seventeen he left school to go to work, and until he entered the service of the Standard Sewing Machine Company was with the Pennsylvania Railway offices as messenger boy and in other clerical positions. Mr- Knapp is a republican and is a member of the Crawford Disciples Church and is affiliated with Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Free and Accepted Masons. In 1903 at Cleveland he married Miss Ida Abbott, daughter of Fred A. and Elizabeth (Spencer) Abbott. The mother lives with Mr. and Mrs. Knapp. Her father, deceased, was for forty years credit man for the Sterling & Welch Company. Mr. and Mrs. Knapp have one child, Elizabeth J., born November 10, 1910. CHRIST MINDERHOUT is one of the business men of Cleveland whose activities represent the stock yards district, where he is a member and officer of one of the largest general commission firms,. the Sadler Commission Company. Mr. Minderhout is of Holland Dutch ancestry on both sides, his paternal grandfather having been born in Holland and that was also the native country of his mother. His grandfather Minderhout emigrated with his family from Holland to New York State, and in 1865 came to Cleveland, where he died about thirty years ago. Arno Minderhout, father of Christ, was born near the Catskill Mountains in New York State in 1856 and was brought to Cleveland when nine years of age. After finishing his education in the public schools he took up the wood working trade and has worked in that line ever since. He is still active in business and resides at 3246 West Eighty-Sixth Street in Cleveland. He is a republican and a very active member of the Christian Reformed Church. Arno Minderhout married Ellen Nyland, who was born in Holland in 1862. They had just two children, Christ and Minnie. The latter is the wife of Peter Cook, who lives at 3244 West Eighty-Sixth Street, and is a shoe salesman. Christ Minderhout, who was born at Cleveland July 8, 1885, gained his education in the public schools and the Edminston Business College. After finishing his course at the latter in 1901 he was employed as a stenographer and typewriter until 1906, when he was promoted to bookkeeping and general office responsibilities. For a man of his years he has made rather unusual progress and has held the office of secretary and treasurer of the Sadler Commission Company since 1910. The offices of this firm are in the Exchange Building at the Union Stock Yards. It is one of the largest live stock commission houses at Cleveland. The officers of the company are : W. K. Sadler, president ; R. K. Sadler, vice president, and Christ Minderhout, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Minderhout served as secretary of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 531 Cleveland Live Stock Association for five years previous to his resignation in 1918. Mr. Minderhout is, an old school republican and a member of the Christian Reformed Church. In 1908, at Cleveland, he married Miss Amelia Van Laaten, daughter oar and Mrs. Anton Van Laaten. Her father is deceased and her mother lives in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Minderhout have one child, Arnold C., born February 24, 1911. THEODORE ISAAC KERNS. Probably no section of the City of Cleveland has improved more rapidly in the last twenty-five years than what is known as the South Side, and it is doubtful if any individual has supplied more enterprise and capital to that work than Theodore I. Kerns, who for many years was an active merchant and is now primarily concerned with real estate development, with offices in the Kerns Building at 3792-3794 West Twenty-Fifth Street. Mr. Kerns is bound by many ties of loyalty and family connections to this part of Cleveland, since he .was born in the old village of Brooklyn in Cuyahoga County, September 4, 1857. His father, Isaac Kerns, born at Springfield, Columbiana County, Ohio, April 12, 1827, came to Cleveland when a young man, married here and followed several occupations to provide for his family. He did general teaming, for four years was a farmer and finally entered the stone business. While in that business he lost his life as the result of an aecident in 1883. He was well known in Cuyahoga County and for a number of years, in fact until his death, held office as street commissioner in Brooklyn Village, now a part of Cleveland. Politically he was a democrat- He was a Mason and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. July 16, 1850, Isaac Kerns married Catherine Poe. She was born in Congress, Wayne County, Ohio, May 29, 1831, and died at Cleveland December 22, 1902. She was connected with the same family as America greatest poet, Edgar Allen Poe. But of ever more interest is her direct descent from Adair W. Poe, her grandfather, whom history has fitly ascribed rank among such pioneers of the western wilderness as Daniel Boone. Adam W. Poe was born in Maryland in 1746 During the Revolutionary war he served in Capt. McCormack's Company in 1776 an in 1777 was under the command of Captain Bascard. From this service his descendant including Mr. Kerns, is entitled to membership in the Sons and Daughters of the American Revolution. In his great western ex- ploits Adam. W. Poe is always associated in history with his brother Andrew. They came , westward together about 1770, crossing Maryland and Pennsylvania, and finally making their location in Columbiana County, Ohio, though at the time they thought they were still in Pennsylvania, learning differently only when the state's line survey was made. Thus their names and services are identified with. Eastern Ohio as well as with Western Pennsylvania. The early home makers in Ohio. and Western Pennsylvania owed much to their strength and influence on 'the frontier. Their greatest single exploit and the one which re- moved from the frontier settlements one of their most persistent foes, was their hand to hand conflict with a band of hostile Indians under the command of the celebrated chief Big Foot of the Wyandot tribe. Chief Big Foot was a giant in stature and strength, but was killed by Adam Poe, and his band of followers practically annihilated. Adam Poe was then about twenty-three years of age, and he lived an honored and useful citizen of Ohio until his death in 1840 at the age of ninety-four. He was one of the finest speci- mens of physical manhood among the pioneers, was 6 feet 3 inches in height, broad shouldered, muscular, as straight as an arrow, and had all the accomplishments and skill of the true frontiersman. and woodsman. It is said that even when ninety years of age he was known as a dead shot. Adam W. Poe married Elizabeth Cadman, and their youngest child was David W. Poe. father of Catherine Poe Kerns. David W. Poe, with his youngest son, David Jackson Poe, a lad of fifteen years, was frozen to death in a Nebraska blizzard in 1856, a fact that indicates that he too was possessed of the pioneering instincts of his family. Isaac Kerns and wife had three children : Angenette, wife of William C. Keyser, who ; for many years was in the wholesale plumbing business and is now retired, living on Denison t Avenue in Cleveland ; Allen, who died in 1862 at the age of seven years, and Theodore I. Theodore I. Kerns was educated in the grammar schools and in the high school at Brooklyn. and attended these institutions quite a steadily until he was about eighteen years of age. At the age of fourteen, during school a vacations, he worked as a lather (about one year altogether at that trade), after which 532 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS also during school vacations he worked with his father cutting stone and laying stone sidewalks until he finished school. He then operated a street car for about one year, conducted a meat market one year, and followed the trade of butcher three years. The business with which he was longest identified was as a coal merchant at Twenty-Fifth Street and Garden Avenue. He began business at that location August 25, 1878, and continued it actively for twenty-five years, finally selling out May 15, 1903. In the meantime he had used his surplus to acquire and develop local real estate, and has been a factor in that line since 1905. For many years he has averaged the construction of several houses every year on the south side, and has completed about 200 houses altogether in that section of the city. A number of years ago he built the block at the corner of Garden Avenue and West Twenty-Fifth Street, where he has his own offices. In 1902 he erected at 3799 West Thirty-Third Street one of the most modern residences of Cleveland. He also owns a summer home at Strongsville in Cuyahoga County and has three farms, aggregating 103 acres, two of them in Cuyahoga County and one in Medina County. Mr. Kerns is also a stockholder and a member of the advisory board of the United Banking & Savings Company and is interested in several railroads. The prosecution of business for his own advantage has not been his only concern during an active career. He has served as village trustee, assessor and as a member of the school board at Brooklyn Village, now a part of Cleveland, and was influential in the erection of the Denison schoolhouse. For several years he was a member of the Ohio National Guard, Company B, Fifteenth Regiment Infantry. He joined the Brooklyn Blues and was appointed sixth corporal in that company April 1, 1876. He later transferred his membership to the Brooklyn Guards and was appointed third corporal April 18, 1878, and for five years altogether was with that organization. He enjoyed the reputation of being the crack shot among 3,500 men who were enrolled in the guard. Mr. Kerns is independent in polities, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Industry, a former member of the Chamber of Commerce, belongs to the Early Settlers Association of Cuyahoga County, the Cleveland Humane Society and is affiliated with Riverside Lodge No. 209, Knights of Pythias. On July 20, 1881, at Cleveland, he married Miss Lydia Anna Kern. She was born at Fremont, Ohio, daughter of Daniel Kern, who was a well-known citizen of Sandusky County, being both a farmer and a preacher. Mr. and Mrs. Kerns have had one child, Norma, born January 4, 1886, died June 4, 1895, aged nine years and five months. Mr. Kerns apparently inherits some of the physical and other characteristics of his renowned Indian fighter great-grandfather, Adam Poe, whom he resembles in stature and build. Mr. Kerns is over six feet tall, broad-shouldered and muscular, and with modern implements has perhaps the same degree of skill in the use of firearms that his ancestor exemplified with the trusty muzzle loading rifle and flintlock of revolutionary days. Perhaps no season of the year affords him more real delight than the time he spends at his country home. Then he gets into the open, and with gun and dog for companions is supremely happy roaming through the woods. Mr. and Mrs. Kerns have also acquired that wide range of knowledge and culture which comes only from extensive travel. In their own country they have traveled from Atlantic to Pacific, have visited Panama, the West Indies, Cuba, have been in some parts of South America, and in the older portions of the globe their journeys have taken them to England, France, Italy, Greece, Spain, Germany, Switzerland, Holland, Turkey, they lingered long in the Holy Land, and also enjoyed a trip down the River Nile. Mr. and Mrs. Kerns had planned and were about to embark on another extensive tour when the great war broke out. ERNEST LOUIS GEFFINE is one of the fortunate young business men of Cleveland who found their congenial sphere of activity at the very outset of their business experience. Mr. Geffine was only nineteen years of age when he joined the forces of The Garfield Savings Bank, and has been steadily with that institution since that time, one of the most loyal and efficient members of its large staff. It is by no means a small achievement to be named as one of the executive officers of an institution whose total resources are nearly $10,000,000. Mr. Geffine is cashier of the Glenville branch at One Hundred and Fifth and St. Clair Avenue. He was born in Cleveland December 9, 1886, son of Louis Mansfield and Mary Letitia (Walker) Geffine. His father was born in Paris, France, of a family long identified with CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 533 silk manufacture in that city. He went from Paris to London, England, and married Mary Letitia Walker there, who was a native of London. In 1880 Louis M. Geffine came to America and for a time was employed at Trenton, New Jersey. His wife joined him six months later and they then came to Cleveland. The father was an accountant in this city, and died here in 1888, when his son, Ernest L., the youngest of six children, was only twenty months old. The widowed mother is still living at Cleveland. Of their children three were born in London and three in Cleveland, and all were educated in the public schools of this city. Edmund Walker, the oldest, died in Cleveland in 1898 at the age of twenty-one ; Louis William is now connected with the Welsbach Company of Boston, Massachusetts ; Mrs. Joseph H. Wolfram lives at Chagrin Falls, Ohio ; Victor Paul is chief clerk with The Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company ; Cordelia A. is the wife of C. S. Redhead of Waukegan, Illinois. Ernest Louis Geffine attended the Sterling Grammar School of Cleveland and the Central High School, and on April 1, 1905, about four months after his eighteenth birthday, entered the service of The Garfield Savings Bank at its branch at One Hundred and Fifth and St. Clair Avenue, where he is today manager. He began there as a bookkeeper, and about two years later was transferred to the Gordon Park branch as bookkeeper and later for two years as cashier. For years he was in the main office where for two years he was loan teller. Then in January, 1917, he was returned to the Glenville branch as cashier. Mr. Geffine is a member of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Institute of Banking, is a republican, and a member of St. Paul Episcopal Church of East Cleveland. October 23, 1915, he married Miss Lucia Huggins of East Cleveland. Mrs. Geffine was born at Sanford, Florida, but, is a graduate of the Shaw High School of East Cleveland. Her father, Thomas F. Huggins, who died February 28, 1915, was a prominent business man in Cleveland, being engaged in the surety business for several years. Her mother, Gertrude (Bill) Huggins, is still living in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Geffine reside at 1892 Wymore Avenue in East Cleveland. HENRY H. MCKEE has been identified in some capacity with The Garfield Savings Bank of Cleveland since 1907. He is one of the executive officers, being cashier of the Gordon Park branch at St. Clair Avenue and East Seventy-Ninth Street. Of The Garfield Savings Bank, with its assets of nearly $10,000,000, and with main office and with five branches in different parts of the city, it is not necessary to speak here in detail, since repeated reference is made to the institution on other pages. Mr. McKee has an interesting career of work and experience, and was born at Stamford, Delaware County, New York, May 12, 1876. His parents were Rev. James H. and Rosalie (Doty) McKee. His mother now resides in Columbus, Ohio, while his father, who died in Westmoreland, New York, March 2, 1918, at the age of seventy-eight, was for thirty years a Congregational minister in New York and Ohio. He was born in Kortright, Delaware County, New York, and his wife at Windham in Greene County in the same state. James H. McKee was also a Union soldier, serving four years with the One Hundred and Forty-Fourth New York Volunteers. He was a corporal and when discharged held the rank of second lieutenant. One of his experiences was taking charge of a boat load of prisoners from Andersonville, which he conveyed from Norfolk, Virginia, to New York. He was author of the book entitled "In War Times," this being a history of his regiment, with which he was identified from its organization until the close of the war. A copy of this work is found in the Cleveland Public Library and other libraries over the country. He was also a regular contributor to church and other periodicals. A man of ripe scholarship, he was especially interested in geology. As a result of his studies he wrote several articles on the results of glacial action, and his investigations discovered some rare fossil formations in New York State. He was a member of the Veterans' Association of the One hundred and Forty-Fourth New York Volunteers at Walton, New York. At the battle of Gettysburg he served as part of the reserves, and was also in the siege of Charleston and the battles of John's Island and Honey Hill. He was wounded at John 's Island. During his work as a minister he had a large acquaintance throughout New York and Ohio. For nine years he was a minister of the Congregational Church at Aurora, Ohio, and though he never had a regular charge in Cleveland was a member of the Ministers' Club of this city and well known here. He belonged to the Ontario Conference in New York State. He and his wife had two children, the daughter, Alice D., 534 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS being reference librarian in the University Library at Columbus and living with her mother. Henry H. McKee first attended school at Little Valley in Cattaragus County, New York. He graduated from high school at Olean, New York, in 1892, and in 1899 received the Bachelor of Arts degree from Oberlin College. In the summer of 1906 he took post-graduate work in the summer school of the University of Michigan. After leaving Oberlin he taught two years at Bainbridge, Ohio, in 1899-1901, and while there he organized the Central High School and had much to do with its construction, at Bainbridge. Mr. McKee is one of the citizens of Cleveland who can speak with authority derived from experience concerning the early conditions of the Philippine Islands after the American occupation. He was in the Philippines from 1901 to 1905. He was one of the three appointed by Oberlin College to go to the Philippines and carry the ideas and systems of American education to those islands. This appointment came as a response to the call of Superintendent of Schools Atkinson, who asked the United States to supply him 1,200 American teachers. Mr. McKee went over with the largest body of that contingent, 600 of whom crossed the ocean in the United States Army transport Thomas. He left San Francisco July 23, 1901, and returned to that port May 30, 1905. After this foreign experience Mr. McKee returned to Ohio and took up his residence at Aurora. In 1907 he entered the service of The Garfield Savings Bank, and for about a year kept his home at Aurora and commuted between there and Cleveland. Since 1908 he has had his home in Cleveland. His first work with The Garfield Savings Bank was as bookkeeper in the main office at Euclid Avenue and Sixth Street. From there he was assigned as receiving teller at the Glenville branch, was then appointed teller at the Gordon Park branch, and after another interval at the main office as escrow teller returned to the Gordon Park branch in 1912 as cashier. He has been in charge of this branch as cashier since that time. For a brief interval, however, he was in the safety deposit department at the main office, though even then kept in touch with the Gordon Park branch. Mr. McKee is a member of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Institute of Banking, and served as president of this organization in 1915; is a member of the City Club, Cleveland heights Tennis Club, and Cleveland Heights Presbyterian Church. He and his interesting family reside at 3048 Somerton Road in Cleveland. June 26, 1901, Mr. McKee married Miss Jessie P. Hower of Cleveland, daughter of J. L. and Amanda J. (Brickman) Hower. He is a member of an old Cleveland family and her parents for many years lived on Euclid Avenue near Seventy-First Street. Her father, who died in 1913, spent most of his life as a traveling man in the dry goods trade, representing a well-known Boston wholesale house. Her father was a brother of the late J. G. Hower of The Hower & Higby Company of Cleveland. Mrs. McKee was born and educated in Cleveland, taking her musical studies in the Oberlin Conservatory of Music. Mr. and Mrs. McKee have one son, H. H., Jr., born May 20, 1911. WHITE SEWING MACHINE COMPANY. Forty years ago when Cleveland was a relatively small town and contributing a relatively small share to the manufacturing resources of this country, the White Sewing Machine Company was considered a representative industry. For all the tremendous growth and volume of business which today makes Cleveland one of the greatest centers of productive energy in the world, the White Sewing Machine Company has held its own and is bigger, broader and more substantial now than ever before. It was about 1876 that the White Sewing Machine Company manufactured its first sewing machine. The industry was started and was owned by the late Mr. Thomas H. White. Since that year, in a total of four decades, this company has manufactured and sold approximately 4,000,000 sewing machines. There was a very small output in 1876, but the business was continuously and consistently developed by Mr. White and his associates. In recent years they have manufactured and sold approximately 600 machines a day. Practically 80 per cent of this modern production are White rotaries. While not the first company to develop and put on the market a rotary shuttle machine, the White Company was not only the first but the only company that has successfully marketed rotary shuttle sewing machines. The development of the rotary business speaks well, not only for the splendid construction of the machine itself, but also for the organization guided by r. "White. Today the White Sewing Machine Com- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 535 pany's plant covers acres of ground, and at Cleveland employs approximately 1,000 skilled mechanics in the factory, while the general business requires an office force of about 100 people. Compared with the extensive business the capitalization is extremely low. The original capital in 1876 was $10,000, and at the present time $3,000,000. Mr. White up to the time of his death personally owned and controlled approximately all the stock. For a number of years this company, like other companies in the same line, secured its cabinet and other wood requirements by contract, concentrating its special resources upon the manufacture of the machine itself. It is an indication of the progressive spirit of the company that quite recently it acquired a financial and working interest in The Theodore Kundtz Cabinet Works. The Kundtz Company, referred to elsewhere in this publication, are the largest exclusive wood workers in the country and possibly in the world. They manufacture practically all of the sewing machine woodwork for all the various companies excepting the Singer. The Kundtz factory employs about 3,000 men. The working interests which now unite the White Sewing Machine Company and The Kundtz Company insures for the former a dependable and regular sewing machine woodwork supply. The business is now international in scope. In April, 1916, the company began manufacturing sewing machines at Guelph, Ontario, Canada. They have a factory there employing several hundred men, including the operation of a foundry for manufacturing castings, and a plant for the manufacture of woodwork. The Canadian branch of the business has been exceedingly prosperous, based no doubt. on the great popularity of the White machines in the Dominion, and the facilities of the Guelph plant have been taxed to the utmost to supply the demand. The retail branch business of the White Sewing Machine Company employs about 2,000 people, distributed among 125 branch retail agencies. There is also a wholesale department, with about thirty wholesale travel ing representatives in that division. White sewing machines are a household word in practically every county of America, and the business has also been extended to many for. eign countries, where the company normally maintains a corps of representatives. Some of the ideals of the business are wel stated in the following quotation from a recent official report : "Our expenditures in the way of dollars and cents are enormous when considering the large number of people we employ, and the necessarily large purchases of raw material we must make. We advertise very extensively and our particular aim is to spend money for advertising where it does the most good, which means giving the dealer direct help, and furnishing constant and continuous service to the consumer. In short, the best advertisement we can have is the living monument represented in our sewing machine. Our motto has always been : 'Better than the Best.' Good goods always make satisfied customers, and satisfied customers mean good advertising." WILLIAM WAYNE CHASE is president of the White Sewing Machine Company, one of the distinctive industries of Cleveland that receive special mention on other pages. The facts of Mr. Chase's career, gathered from various sources, are told briefly in the following paragraphs. No comments or interpretation is needed to indicate that from one step of progress to another Mr. Chase has utilized a great deal of native ability and all the resources of hard work and fidelity to the interests entrusted to his charge. He inherited neither wealth nor special influence and has acquired both of them through his own efforts. Mr. Chase was born in Bainbridge Township, Geauga County, Ohio, November 19, 1872, a son of Charles E. and Annette S. (Ellis) Chase. His parents were also natives of Bainbridge Township and both are now deceased. They represented old families in that section of Ohio. The Chases came out of Vermont and established themselves in Geauga County probably as early as 1810. The Ellises were of old Connecticut stock and were likewise identified with the early settlement of the Ohio Western Reserve. Charles E. Chase was born in a log house in 1837, and spent his life as a blacksmith and farmer. He was a very pronounced democrat in politics. That fact did not interfere with his personal popularity or the confidence of his fellow citizens in his good judgment, since he was elected and for many years served without opposition as a justice of the peace. He was also a member of the Masonic order. He and his wife were the parents of two sons and a daughter, William W. being the youngest. The oldest, Rev. Granger D. Chase, is a graduate of Ohio Western University and for t many years was active in the Methodist ministry in the Michigan Conference. He now 536 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS lives near Charlotte, Michigan, on a farm which he bought a few years ago, and every Sunday preaches at some church in or near Charlotte, though he has no regular charge. The daughter of the family is Mrs. W. M. Davis of Cleveland. William Wayne Chase as a small boy attended school in Geauga County, and in 1885 at the age of thirteen carne to Cleveland and continued his education in the local public schools until he was fifteen. From 1888 until May 12, 1892, he was employed by the Lake Shore Railway .Company, and at the latter date entered the service of the White Sewing Machine Company as a bookkeeper. In the meantime he had been giving his spare hours, chiefly at night time, to the study of law, though that knowledge he has used chiefly in his own business. He studied law at night under Attorney H. H. Henry of Cleveland, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1895, when only twenty-three years of age. Aside from the technical features of manufacture, there has hardly been a department in the White Sewing Machine Company with which Mr. Chase has not been identified by active experience during the last quarter of a century. From bookkeeper he was gradually assigned to other duties, became superintendent of retail branches, later office attorney, and in July, 1905, was made vice president and secretary of the company. He was promoted to his present responsibilities as president in September, 1917. He is also vice president of the Theodor Kundtz Company of Cleveland. Mr. Chase is non-partisan in politics. He is affiliated with Brooklyn Lodge No. 454 Free and Accepted Masons, and by twenty-one years of continuous membership is a veteran member of that lodge, also a member of Webb Chapter No. 14 Royal Arch Masons. He also belongs to the Union Club, Country Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and in 1918 was a member of its Foreign Trade Committee ; is a member of the Cleveland Association of Credit Men, the Civic League, and is a member and trustee of Euclid Avenue Congregational Church and chairman of the Finance Committee of the Congregational Union of Cleveland. Mr. Chase and family reside at 8218 Euclid Avenue. September 12, 1892, he married Miss Edna E. Thomas of Cleveland. Mrs. Chase died May 31, 1905, the mother of three children : Kathryn, wife of Howard Beene, treasurer of the Theodor Kundtz Company; Russell N. ; and Charles W. These children were all born at Cleveland, and the sons received most of their preparatory education in the noted Asheville School at Asheville, North Carolina. Charles is a member of the class of 1919 in that preparatory school. Russell graduated from there in 1918 and in the fall of the same year entered Cornell University. On March 5, 1907, Mr. Chase married Miss Reba Neff of Cleveland. They have two children, Ruth Rebecca and June Annette, both of whom at the proper age will enter the Hathaway-Brown School for Girls at Cleveland. EDWIN HEINA. One of the prominent bus ness men of Cleveland is Edwin Heina, who is vice president and general manager of the Cleveland Metal Products Company, and ac ditionally is identified with a number of other successful companies and corporations. H is one more proof of a fact often asserted that Cleveland does not have to reach outsid her own borders to find men of talent and busi ness acumen. Edwin Heina was born in the City of Cleveland, October 14, 1876, and is a son of Jose and Anna (Sicha) Heine. His father way born January 20, 1851, at Milevsko, ma] Tabor, Bohemia. He learned the tailoring trade at Vienna, Austria, and in 1872 came to the United States and located at Cleveland He was an expert cutter and as such was ir the employ of several of the exclusive, high class tailors of the city. His death occurred January 28, 1907, at the age of fifty-six years. After locating at Cleveland, Josef Heina was united in marriage with Anna Sicha, who was born January 24, 1854, in the Village of Mikovici, near Prague, Bohemia. She came to America in 1870 and lived first in Nebraska, then at St- Louis, Missouri, and in 1872 came to Cleveland and still resides in this city. Three children were born to Josef Heina and his wife, namely : Edwin ; Mrs. E. F. Reuscher, who lives in this city; and Mrs. Yarley Stadnik, who resides at Lowman, Idaho. Edwin Heina was educated in the public. schools of his native city and was graduated rom the high school when eighteen. He was ambitious and immediately sought employment along the line for which he felt himself est fitted, and soon was engaged as a clearance clerk with the East End Savings Bank Company but did not continue in that place )r any great length of time as his natural CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 537 business gifts soon were noticed. and he was t. promoted from one position to another and when he severed his relations with this bank thirteen years later, he was savings teller. Mr. Heine then became associated with the Cleveland Foundry Company as employment in supervisor and then became purchasing agent, afterward factory manager, and in January, 1915, he was elected vice president and a member of the board of directors. In January, 1917, the above company was merged with the Cleveland Metal Products Company, which name was assumed, and Mr. Heina became vice president and general manager of the Platt works. Another exceedingly important business enterprise with which he is officially connected is the Perfection Stove Company, of Sarnia, Canada. Mr. Heine 's business career has been one of continued advancement and he occupies a position of weight in commercial circles and enjoys personal esteem and confidence also. Mr. Heina was married September 16, 1902, to Miss Nellie G- Bennett, of Cleveland, and they have two children, Virginia and Nancy. Mr. Heina and family belong to Calvary Evangelical Association Church. He is independent in his political attitude but always works for the best interests of Cleveland- ALBERT SCOTT RODGERS is vice president and secretary of the White Sewing Machine Company. A history of this great Cleveland industry is given on other pages of this publication. Mr. Rodgers has spent most of his active years in Cleveland, and was only a boy when he acquired his first experience in the manufacture of sewing machines. Born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, December 1, 1876, he is a son of William A. and Sarah A. (Quinlan) Rodgers. His father was at one time financially interested in a concern that fitted gas fixtures in hotels and other buildings, and spent much of his time on the road selling such equipment. He died in 1882 at Pittsburg, while his wife passed away in Cleveland in 1906. They were the parents of seven children, one son dying in infancy. Four sons and two daughters still survive, those at Cleveland being Albert Scott, C. A. Rodgers and a sister, Mrs. Mary J. Higgins. Albert Scott Rodgers, who was the fifth child in the family, came to Cleveland at the age of twelve years with his mother and other children. In the meantime; he had attended public schools at Pittsburgh and for a brief time also attended public school in Cleveland and later took a night commercial course in the Young Men's Christian Association. Such schooling as he had was acquired largely through his own earnings and effort, and also n a large degree from the school of experience. While a schoolboy he began working for Jack F. Kilfoyl, who kept a men's furnishing goods store on Superior opposite the old Forest City House. Later Mr. Rodgers went with Mr. Kilfoyl when the latter was in the bias velveteen business. In 1892, at the age of sixteen, he was given a position with the Standard Sewing Machine Company. That company seemed to appreciate the value of his services, since he was promoted from time to time, and when he left he was secretary and general sales manager. Later for a time Mr. Rodgers was in Boston, Massachusetts, with Henderson & Company, but left there early in 1913 and returning to Cleveland became associated with the White Sewing Machine Company. About a year later in June, 1914, he was made third vice president and in September, 1917, entered upon his present duties as vice president and secretary- He is also a director of the White Sewing Machine Company of Canada and of the Theodor-Kundtz Company of Cleveland. Mr. Rodgers is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Civic League of Cleveland, Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland Commercial Travelers, and in politics is strictly independent. He is a member of the Grace Evangelical Lutheran Church, and for a number of years was financial secretary of its building fund. His home is at 10831 Pasadena Avenue. On December 19, 1901, Mr. Rodgers married Miss Eleanor M. Gronemeyer, who was born and educated in Cleveland, and is a graduate of the Commercial College of this city. Her parents, Mr. and Mrs. Frederick M. Gronemeyer still live at Cleveland, her father a retired shoe merchant. Mr. and Mrs. Rodgers' two children, both born in Cleveland, are Scott Frederick and Robert Howard. PLINY MILLER. In variety and extent of experience Pliny Miller is one of the oldest grain and live stock merchants in the State of Ohio. For many years he has been a partner in the well known firm Swope, Hughes, Benstead & Company, with offices in the Live Stock Exchange Building at Cleveland. Mr, Miller was born in Hancock County, Ohio, April 7, 1846. His people were among 538 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the earliest pioneers of that section of Ohi His father, Joseph Miller, who was born Pennsylvania in 1809, located in Union To ship of Hancock County when there were fe other permanent settlers in the entire count For several years he had to haul the surplus of his grain crops a distance of fifty miles to Tiffin. Indians were still numerous an were frequent visitors at his log cabin horn in the early days. He was a hardy and industrious pioneer, developed his land wilder ness into a good farm, and was successful combating the hardships and in making pro vision for his growing family. In politics h was a democrat. He married Anna Stratton who was born in Wayne County, Ohio, in 1809 Her father, Daniel Stratton, was born in England in 1776, and was one of the first settler in Wayne County, Ohio, where he died in 1856. It was one of the diseases familiar to pioneer times, milk sickness, epidemic over a large portion of Northwestern Ohio in 1852, which caused the death of Joseph Miller, his wife and several of their children. Their family consisted of eight boys and girls : Hiram, who became a farmer and died in Union Township of Hancock County; Daniel, who died about the same time as his parents and of the same disease at the age of twenty years; Philena, who died at Mount Cory, Ohio, at the age of fifty, wife of Mathias Markly, a farmer also deceased ; Theodore, who was shot while in the Union army at the battle of Pittsburg Landing and several days later died from his wounds at Covington, Kentucky ; Joseph, who for many years was a grain merchant at Continental, Ohio, and died at Columbus in 1915; Pliny; Salina and Vashti, who died at the respective ages of four and three years. Pliny Miller was only six years of age when his parents died, and for several years after that he lived in the home of his. brother-in- law Mathias Markly. All the education he had was that supplied by the common schools of his native township. From the time he was ten years of age he has made his own way. in the world, working at any honorable occupation that would give him a living, and having a varied experience and often living close to the border line of poverty. He finally got into the grain business at Bluffton, Ohio, and was the pioneer in building up a grain market at that place. He built an elevator in 1872 and shipped the first grain from Bluffton to distant markets. He continued as a grain merchant at Bluffton until 1883. Then for o. several years he was connected with the Boar in of Trade at Toledo, and in 1889 removed to Buffalo, New York, where he was in th w live stock business at the Buffalo Stock Yards until 1898. In that year he moved to Cleveland and entered the service of Swope a Hughes, Benstead & Company as managed of the Cleveland branch of the business. In he 1904 he was made a partner in the firm and some years later, owing to advancing years gave up the. active management. His firm still a operates a branch house at Buffalo and it was the pioneer live stock commission business in that city. The offices of the firm at Cleveland , are in Room No. 1 of the Cleveland Live . Stock Exchange Building. Mr. Miller owns a dwelling house on West One Hundred and Eleventh Street in Cleveland and his own home is at 8415 Clark Avenue. Politically he votes as a democrat. .He is affiliated with DeMolay Lodge No. 498, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, at Buffalo, Buffalo Chapter No. 71, Royal Arch Masons, Buffalo Council No. 17, Royal and Select Masters, and is a former affiliate of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Mr. Miller has been twice married. In 1867, in Union Township of Hancock County, Miss Mary McConnell became his wife. She died in 1877, the mother of four children. Bertha, the oldest, died at the age of sixteen. Nettie first married George H. Cable, deceased, and is now the wife of Doctor Stoner, a physician and surgeon living at Grand Rapids, Michigan. G. A. Miller lives at Denver, Colorado. Vivian is the wife of George W. Sigafoose, a merchant at Sycamore, Ohio. In 1883, at Upper Sandusky, Ohio, Mr. Pliny Miller married Miss Emma Fansler. She had formerly been a teacher in the high school at Bluffton. To this union have been born two sons : C. F. Miller, who lives on his father's farm at Rock Creek; and P. Ray, who for the past fifteen years has been cashier of the live stock firm Swope, Hughes, Benstead & Company. ROLAND E. FRAYER has made a very successful record at Cleveland in real estate circles, has been instrumental in the subdividing and marketing of several well known plats and additions in and around the city, and is president of the Prayer Realty Company. Mr. Frayer was born at Elmore, Ohio, October 19, 1876. His father, Orlando Prayer, was born in Ashtabula County, Ohio, March 15, 1844, was reared and educated there, and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 539 became a veterinary surgeon. He was em- ployed in his professional capacity in looking after the horses of General Hayes, afterwards president of the United States, during the Civil war. After the war General Hayes kept him in his employ and he had active charge of the Hayes estate at Fremont. Finally he came to Cleveland and set up in practice as a veterinary surgeon, and continued here until his death in 1903. Roland E. Frayer, a son of Orlando and Nettie E. Prayer, lived in Elmore, Ohio, until he was twelve years of age and began his education in the public schools there. After the family removed to Cleveland he continued in the public schools for three years and then learned the machinist's trade with V. D. Anderson Company. At the age of nineteen he gave up his trade and began selling real estate. He followed that partly on his own account and also acted as a broker for others, and the success of his operations showed that he had chosen wisely in the matter of vocations. In 1912 he organized the Prayer Realty Com- pany, with F. L. Stephens, president, W. J. Lang vice president, and Mr. Frayer secretary and general manager. Six months later he sold his interests in this business and formed a partnership with Charles G. Sommers, under the firm name of Frayer-Sommers Realty Company, which existed until January 1, 1918, when Mr. Sommers sold his interest and Mr. Prayer now conducts the business under his own name. The record of this company is best stated by noting some of the important allotments put on the market by them. These are the Spring Road allotment on West Eleventh Street comprising twenty acres; Riverside Farm, thirty-nine acres; Fairview Gardens, thirty-eight acres, and the firm also were the selling agents for the Lee Heights tract. While this is the prominent feature of Mr. Frayer's work he also does a general real estate business, specializing in small acre farms. Mr. Frayer is a republican voter and a member of the Lutheran Church. On May 21, 1898, at Cleveland he married Miss Sophia Hintz. LESTER HAYES was one of the interesting and valuable citizens of Cleveland during the middle years of the last century. He was a member of a prominent family and one that contains in its American ancestry notable names. Mr. Lester Hayes was the father of Mrs. Stella M. Hayes Jacobi, regarded as one of Cleveland's foremost women in social, patriotic and civic affairs. Lester Hayes. was born at Vernon, Ohio, a son of Lester and Matilda (Bushnell) Hayes, a great-grandson of Titus, and Deborah Beckwith, and great-great-grandson of Richard and Patience (Mack) Hayes. June 19, 1856, at Wayne, Ashtabula County, Lester Hayes married Sabra Celinda Giddings, whose name introduces another interesting line of colonial ancestry that belongs to this sketch. The Giddings ancestors in this country were George and Joshua Giddings. George and Jane Tuttle Giddings lived in St. Albans, Hertfordshire, England. April 2, 1635, they sailed on the ship Planter from London and located at Ipswich, Massachusetts. At that time George Giddings was twenty-five and his wife twenty years old. George Giddings served as clerk of the General Court of Massachusetts for many years. His descendant Joshua Giddings, born in Lyme, Connecticut, enlisted as a private in 1775 at Hartland, Hartford, Connecticut, as a revolutionary soldier. In 1809 he removed to Ashtabula County, Ohio, from there to Jefferson in 1822, and died October 21, 1833. This Joshua Giddings was the father of Joshua Reed Giddings, Ohio's famous congressman during the last century. Returning again to the Hayes line, Titus Hayes, previously mentioned, was born at Lyme, Connecticut, and in 1777 enlisted at Hartland, Connecticut, in the colonial army and served as a sergeant. He died at Vernon, Ohio, in 1811. His son Lester Hayes, Sr., a native of Hartland, Connecticut, served as a private in Ohio during the War of 1812 under Col. Richard Hayes. He died at Vernon Ohio, in 1828. Lester Hayes, Sr., married Matilda Bushnell. She was a descendant of Francis Bushnell and his son William who sailed on the ship Planter at the same time with George and Jane Giddings. In a later generation was Capt. Alexander Bushnell, who arrived in New York August 18, 1776, and was in the militia at that city under Capt. Benjamin Hutchins with the rank of sergeant. He also served as ensign under Col. Bezalee Beebe. Capt. Alexander Bushnell was born in Lyme, Connecticut, and died at Hartford in Ashtabula County, Ohio, in 1818. Capt. Alexander 540 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Bushnell was the father of Thomas Bushnell who in turn was the father of Matilda, wife of Lester Hayes, Sr. Sabra Giddings' grandfather, Elisha Giddings, married Philothety Fish, a daughter of Capt. Josiah Fish. Capt. Josiah Fish, whc lived in Vermont, was a lieutenant and captain in the American Revolution and died at Rochester, New York, in 1811. He married Elizabeth Hazelton of Upton, Massachusetts, daughter of Colonel John and Jane (Wood) Hazelton. Col. John Hazelton as well as Richard Hayes, father of the Titus Hayes above mentioned, were both participants in the French and Indian wars. Lester and Sabra Celinda (Giddings) Hayes had three children : Stella Matilda; Cora Armenta, who died in Jacksonville, Florida, in January, 1904; and Arthur Lester, who married a widow of Chicago. These children were all direct descendants of the notable group of colonial, revolutionary and later ancestors mentioned above. Lester Hayes moved to Cleveland in 1852, and during that year attended the Mercantile College. In the early years of his residence at Cleveland he was associated with Morrell & Bowers car shops, and while there invented a car dumper which was used extensively for many years. In 1860 he became associated with the Cleveland & Pittsburg Railway offices. About 1863 he compiled a book for computing wages of men which was named "Hayes' Railroad Fast Express Monthly Wages Computing Tables." While with the railway company his duties included those of telegrapher, and his private home was equipped with an instrument to enable him to care for messages when not at the office. For two years he had charge of the company's office at Kent, Ohio, and it was while there that he compiled the book above mentioned. On returning to Cleveland he formed a partnership for the manufacture of brass goods, known as Tate, Worswick & Hayes, located at 59-61 Center Street. Because of ill-health he was compelled to give up business about April, 1871, and on September 3, 1871, his death occurred. About 1859 he served as a member of Cleveland's first board of education. In 1854 he became affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and with the Cleveland Grays, but resigned from the military organization about 1857 on account of ill health. He remained a faithful Odd Fellow until his death. STELLA M. HAYES JACOBI, a daughter of Lester Hayes and his wife Sabra Celinda (Giddings) Hayes, and connected by direct descent and blood ties with the many historic personalities referred to in the preceding sketch, has herself been one of Cleveland's most notable women, especially because of the tireless character of her efforts in behalf of humanity. In furnishing some data to be used in preparing this sketch to Mrs. Jacobi another notable Cleveland woman, Jane Elliott Snow, said : "Patriotism is the keynote of all Mrs. Jacobi's work. The blood of patriots flows in her veins. This is shown by her being a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, the Daughters of 1812 and the National Society of Daughters of Founders and Patriots of America, the latter requiring a double record for admission. She is also proud of the fact that she has a son fighting in France today." Mrs. Snow also refers to Mrs. Jacobi's encyclopedic knowledge of all that pertains to the history and the ceremonials connected with our national emblem the Stars and Stripes, and she is regarded as Cleveland's foremost authority on all that is connected with the flag. "Indeed it is quite wonderful," says Mrs. Snow, "what she has achieved along civic as well as patriotic lines. Then one must think of her home duties, the mother of a family of six children; also a church worker, for she is a member of the Presbyterian Church and interested in its various activities.". Mrs. Jacobi was born near Case Avenue on Lake Street in Cleveland, and four of her own children were born on the same street, though not in the same house. She was educated in the public schools of this city and in the schools of Kent, Ohio, during the two years her father lived there. She left school at the age of seventeen when in Oetober, 1874, she became the wife of John G. Jacobi, a native of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada. They were married at Cleveland by Rev. Hiram C. Hayden, D. D. Mrs. Jacobi's mother is still living, hale and hearty at the age of eighty, and spends part of every year in Cleveland and also in Ashtabula County. After the death of Lester Hayes she married Dr. W. C. Craven of Cleveland. Mrs. Jacobi thus when only a girl in years applied herself to the business of home making, later she learned some bookkeeping, stenography, typewriting and secretarial work, and for several years held the office of secre- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 541 tary in various organizations. All of this gave her a thorough business training which has increased the efficiency of her work. She is a member of the auxiliary board of women directors of the Security Savings and Loan Company of Cleveland. From about 1890 to 1902 she was a member of two fraternal societies, paying sick benefits as well as payments at stated periods and at death, and in those organizations was recording and financial secretary, vice president and president. Mrs. Jacobi comes from a family of republicans, as the names Hayes and Giddings indicate, and for many years has been secretary of the Republican Women's League, though her partisan activities largely ceased when the Cleveland school ticket became a non-partisan one. Mrs. Jacobi's first club was The Health Protective Association, where she and Mrs. Snow were actively associated in that noble work. She has also for many years been a member of the Cleveland Emerson Class, Cleveland Council of Women, The Women's Club House Association, Cleveland Olla Podrida Club, Municipal School League, War Mothers of America, and the Americanization Committee of the Mayor's War Board. About 1878 she became a member of the Old Stone Church and later took her letter to the Bolton Avenue Presbyterian Church and finally to the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church. Her children were also members of the same church. Mrs. Jacobi was identified with the organization of the Cleveland Council of Women, an organization for civic welfare especially pertaining to women and children. It was the first organization of its kind in the city and did a splendid work through its various committees. Among other things it established a movement for the Women's Club House Association of Cleveland and it was through the efforts of this organization that the Woman's Club House Association was incorporated November 8, 1908, by Mrs. Jacobi and other well known women of the city. Mrs. Jacobi has done much to promote social reform through legislative action. For five years she was chairman of the Council Legislative Committee and during that time kept in close touch both with the Legislature at Columbus and also with the National Legislature at Washington. Among definite reforms accomplished during this time was the bill to restore the pensions to the blind, limiting working hours for women to not more than ten hours each day or fifty-four hours per week, establishing of a reformatory for women and girls, increase of teachers' pensions, and the inclusion of mothers as co-guardians with fathers of minor children. For three years Mrs. Jacobi was chairman of The Cleveland Federation of Women's Clubs Civic and Legislative Committee. She was temporary secretary during the organization of the Women's Club House Association and later served as permanent secretary for eight years. Mrs. Jacobi was custodian of the flag of Western Reserve Chapter D. A. R. and chairman of its flag committee six years ; press secretary for two years, and on the board for eight years. She is a life member of that chapter. She served as state secretary of the Ohio Society United States Daughters of 1812, and later for three years as state president, and is a member of Commodore Perry Chapter and has served as its secretary and is flag custodian. Mrs. Jacobi was one of the four women who responded to the call of Mr. Thomas D. West which resulted in the "Safe and Sane Fourth" for Cleveland and later for the country. In these strenuous times of war activities Mrs. Jacobi is one of the first in the work at Cleveland, is a member of the Red Cross, has spent many hours in the working homes of that organization, and has also assisted the local draft board in clerical work and has sold Liberty Bonds as well as bought some for herself. Mr. John G. Jacobi while on his vacation died at his native home in Canada July 26, 1916. Mr. and Mrs. Jacobi's six children were all born in Cleveland except Clara, who was born in Toledo. These children are named Blanche Willmette, Clara Elizabeth, Cora Louise, Lester Hayes, Walter Tracy and Norman LeRoy. Her daughter Blanche was one of the city's court stenographers under Newton D. Baker when Mr. Baker was city solicitor, and is now connected with the law firm of Baker, Hostetler & Sidlo. Clara Elizabeth, who died May 20, 1904, married Will S. Johns of Cleveland. She was the mother of three children, grandchildren of Mrs. Jacobi, named Helen Lorraine. Arleen who died at the age of three months, and Lawrence Giddings Johns. The daughter, Cora Louise, the third child of Mrs. Jacobi, died at the age of eight months. Her son, Lester Hayes. who is assistant treasurer of the Cleveland Hydraulic Press Company, married Mary Catherine Kerns of Cleveland, and has one daughter, Marian Isabelle. Walter Tracy Jacobi, who is employed in testing commercial and war trucks for the White 542 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Automobile Company, married Edna Glug and they have two sons, Robert Donald an Russell Melvin. The youngest of Mrs. Jacobi's children, an in whose honor she wears a' service flag, b Norman LeRoy Jacobi, who until he entered service was with the Sterling & Welch Company of Cleveland. He enlisted as a private at Cincinnati June 25, 1917, in Company F of the Third Ohio Infantry, under Capt. Ludwig A. Conelly, Maj. Leon Smith and Col. Bob Hubler. He arrived at Camp Sherman at Chillicothe July 6, 1917, and on September 1st was made first class private. He reached Camp Sheridan at Montgomery, Ala- bama, October 11th and there became part of the Eighty-third Division. He was transferred to Camp Lee at Petersburg, Virginia, May 26, 1918, was advanced to corporal June 1, 1918, and during January and February of that year attended Liaison and Intelligence School for six weeks. On June 15th he was assigned as Battalion Liaison, and June 25th left Camp Lee for overseas and arrived in France about the 4th of July, 1918. In conclusion should be quoted some more of the words of Mrs., Snow in referring to Mrs. Jacobi 's activities : "It takes but a few lines to record the preceding facts, but pages might be written if the story were really told of her incessant efforts, the hours, the days, the weeks and months, she has spent in public service, for the public good, along many lines." NEWTON S. BANKER, M. D., graduated from the Western Reserve Medical School in 1905, and during 1906-07 was connected with the Charity Hospital of Cleveland. Since 1907 he has been engaged in general practice, and the patronage accorded him as well as his professional associations indicate his ability and his high standing. Doctor Banker was born at Canton, Ohio, April 11, 1875, a son of John and Anna (Gerber) Banker, the former a native of Switzerland and the latter of Stark County, Ohio. His parents were farming people near Canton, where they were married, and they spent their lives as good, honest and hard working citizens of that community. Their three sons and one daughter are all living, all were born in Stark County, namely : Dr. D. F. Banker )f Canton ; Mrs. I. J. Novinger of Forest, Ohio ; Dr. Newton S.; and John C., who is superintendent of township schools in Perry Township, Stark County. Doctor Banker as a boy attended public school at Canton. In 1900 he graduated A. B. from the classical course of the Ohio Northern University at Ada. The following year he was superintendent of the high school at Granger, Ohio, and from there entered the Western Reserve University medical department. During 1905 Doctor Banker was house doctor for the children 's fresh air camp, when the president of the institution was Dr. E. M. Avery, editor of this publication. Doctor Banker is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Amerioan Medical Association, and the Cleveland Automobile Club and is a member of the medical staff of Florence Crittenden Home and St. Mark's Hospital. He resides at 2233 Cummington Road, and his offices are in the Osborn Building. June 2, 1917, he married Miss Jessie E. Reinheimer. Mrs. Banker was born on Kelleys Island, Ohio, was educated there, and before her marriage was a graduate nurse of Lakeside Hospital. They have one son, born August 2, 1918. VERNON C. ROWLAND, M. D. Since his graduation from the Western Reserve Medical School in 1909, Doctor Rowland has been one of the very busy men in the medical profession at Cleveland. During 1909-10 he served as house officer of Lakeside Hospital, and sinee establishing his private practice in 1911 has devoted practically all his time to the special field of internal medicine and diagnosis. Doctor Rowland is one of the intructors at Western Reserve Medical College and professor of general pathology in Western Reserve University Dental College. He is visiting physician to the medical dispensary of Lakeside Hospital, and is assistant visiting physician to St. Luke's Hospital, and visiting physician to the Rainbow Hospital. Doctor Rowland's offices are in the Osborn Building. He represents an old and honored family of Stark County, Ohio, and was born at Canton January 4, 1883, and his parents, Daniel C. and Mary (Zimmerman) Rowland, both reside in. Canton. The Rowland family has been in Stark County for a century or more, a land grant signed in person by President Madison having been handed down. Doctor Rowland's great-grandparents of that name are both buried at Canton. Doctor Rowland was one of two children, his younger sister being Mrs. E. .W. Oldham of Canton. Doctor Rowland attended the public schools of Canton, graduating from high school in CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 543 1900. He received the degree Bachelor of Science and the degree Master of Arts from the Ohio Wesleyan University of Delaware in 1903 and 1904, respectively. Thus he had a thorough literary education as the ground work of his professional studies at Western Reserve. He is a member of the honorary fraternity Phi Beta Kappa of Ohio Wesleyan and of the Alpha Omega honorary fraternity of Western Reserve Medical College. He was president in 1916 of the Cleveland Chapter of the Alpha Omega. Doctor Rowland is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, Cleveland Medical Library Association, Ohio State Medical Society and the American Medical Association. He also belongs to the Electric League, the Civic League of Cleveland, and politically is independent though a stanch supporter of the policies and ideals of President Wilson. At Canton, June 17, 1916, he married Miss Helen M. Aungst, daughter of Judge Maurice E. and Lucy (Pontius) Aungst. Her father, who died in 1916, was for a number of years probate judge of Stark County. Mrs. Rowland's grandfather died in 1918 at the age of eighty-three. One of her ancestors was Simon Essig, founder of a prominent and well known family in Stark County. Simon Essig, who died in that county in 1848, served in Washington's army during the Revolution and through him Mrs. Rowland is eligible to membership in the Daughters of the American Revolution. The Essig family settled in Spring Township of Stark County in 1806. Mrs. Rowland's mother, Lucy (Pontius) Aungst, who still lives in Canton, is a grandchild of Frederick Pontius, who came from Pennsylvania and settled in Stark County in 1816. ALBIN J. MILLER is owner of The A. J. Miller & Company at 5408-12 Bragg Road, an industry which he established in 1906, and. which has steadily grown in facilities and out- put and with a standard product now commanding recognition in all the important markets of the country. The company manufactures solder, babbit and terne metals, and all that the 'factory eau produce is sold over a territory extending from New York to Chicago and St. Louis and into Canada. Mr. Miller is a business man of wide and varied experience. He has spent most of his life in Cleveland, but was born at Mumliswil, Canton Solothurn, Switzerland, June 22, 1876, .and lived with his parents on the famous Vol II—35 (Wechten) dairy and cattle farm of his grandfather, Victor Bloch, on which place is situated the attractive mountain known as the Vogel-Berg, which, with its waterfalls was an deal spot for tourists. His father, Francis Xavier Miller, was born at Liesberg in Canton Bern, Switzerland, in 1838, and Albin J. lived there for a short time before his parents came to Cleveland. Francis Xavier learned the trade of carpentry and followed it at Liesberg, later was a farmer at Mumliswil, and then returned to Liesberg to resume his trade. In 1879 he brought his family to the United States and located at Cleveland, where for two years he was employed by the Cleveland Rolling Mills Company. He then joined the Globe Iron Works as ship carpenter. He was the first carpenter taken on the pay roll by John Smith, first superintendent of the Globe Works, and he remained with that great industry, now part of the American Ship Build- ing Company, until his death in 1890. After acquiring American citizenship he voted with the republican party. He was a member of St. Joseph Catholic Church, and belonged to the Swiss Helvetia Society. Frank X. Miller married Agatha Bloch, who was born at Mumliswil, Switzerland, February 4, 1839, and died at Cleveland May 13, 1906. She was the mother of five children : Adele, who died in Cleveland in 1889 at the age of twenty ; Lena, who died when thirteen years old ; Albin J. ; Achilles John, who is head of the Sanitary. Tinning & Manufacturing Company at Cleveland; and Oscar Cornelius, who lives at Cleve- land and is a traveling salesman for a New York dry goods house. Mr. A. J. Miller was educated in the parochial schools of Cleveland, where his. parents located when he was three years old. He also attended St. Ignatius College. When sixteen years old he went to work with the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railroad, and was employed in capacities of increasing responsibility in the general offices of that company for seven years. For another three years he was salesman with the Kinney & Levan Crockery House, after which for three years he was shipping clerk with the Otis Steel Company. A very important item of his business training and experience came from his services of ten years as bookkeeper with the Acme Machinery Company. In 1905 Mr. Miller took a well earned vacation and spent eight months traveling over Europe in France, Switzerland, Italy and the Orient. On returning to Cleveland in the 544 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS winter of 1905, he was secretary and treasurer for the Ideal Bronze Company until after his mother's death. Then in 1906 he established the A. J. Miller Company, building the plant on Bragg Road. He is sole owner of this business. He is also a director in the Cleveland Drilling and Development Company and has various other business interests. Mr. Miller votes as an independent, is a member of the Catholic Church, the Catholic Knights of Ohio and was formerly a member of the Knights of Columbus. His modern home at 2921 East Fifty-fourth Street was built by his mother in 1895. Mr. Miller married at Cleveland November 12, 1907, Miss Agnes B. Pechloefel, a native of Cleveland. Four children were born to their marriage. Cornelia, born in 1909 ; Mercedes, born in 1911 ; Bernice, born in 1913, who died when two years old ; and Adele, born in 1916. ALBERT WILLIAM SMITH since 1891 has been professor of chemistry in Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland. He is one of the distinguished men in scientific circles in America, and his services have conferred distinctipn upon Cleveland as an educational center. Mr. Smith was born at Newark, Ohio, October 4, 1862, son of George H. and Mary (Sanborn) Smith- His father was born in Ohio in 1819 and died at Newark in 1865. He was a carpenter and contractor, and during the Civil war served as a captain in the State Militia. His wife Mary Sanborn was born at Salem, Massachusetts, in 1829 and died at Cleveland in 1910. Albert William Smith graduated from the University of Michigan with the degree Ph. C. in .1885 and in 1887 received his Bachelor of Science degree from Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland. Later he went abroad and has his Doctor of Philosophy degree from the University of Zurich conferred in 1891- He is a member of two scientific Greek Letter fraternities, the Tau Beta Pi and the Sigma Psi. On returning from abroad Doctor Smith took his present chair as professor of chemistry at Case School of Applied Science. Besides his heavy duties as teacher he has found time to participate in the conventions and gatherings of scientific men all over the country and has contributed a number of technical papers to such conventions and also to scientific magazines. He is a member of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the American Chemical Society, the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the American Electro-Chemical Society, the Society for Promotion of Engineering Education, the French and English Societies of Chemical Industry and the American Institute of Chemical Engineers. Doctor Smith resides at 11333 Belleflower Road, with Judge John C. Hale. Professor Smith married at Cleveland on June 5, 1890, Miss Mary Wilkinson. He is the father of four children, and two of his sons are now in the army. The oldest child, Cara Hale, is a graduate of the College for Women of Western Reserve University and is the wife of Russell C. Manning. Mr. Manning is a captain in the Ordnance Department of the United States Army. Kent H., the oldest son of Doctor Smith, is a graduate of Dartmouth College and of Case School of Applied Science, having the degree Bachelor of Science from both institutions. He is now a lieutenant in the aviation service of the army. Vincent Kinsman, the second son, graduated Bachelor of Science from Dartmouth College, is a first lieutenant in the Heavy Artillery. Kelvin is a member of the junior class of Dartmouth College. THOMAS THOMSON is an expert mining engineer with experience in mining and reduction plants in various sections of the country and for the past four years has been a resident of Cleveland, where he is general superintendent and second vice president of the Lake Erie Smelting Company. Mr. Thomson is a native of Scotland, born at Roslin, July 7, 1880. His father, Joseph Thomson, who was born in the same place in 1836 was a miner and for a number of years owned an interest in a coal mine at Roslin, where he died in 1889. He was a member of the Presbyterian Church. Joseph Thomson married Barbara Adams, who was born in Glasgow, Scotland, in 1837. She died in 1891 at Little Bay, Newfoundland. Several of their children have been conspicuous in mining and general engineering circles. The oldest of the family, George, is a mining engineer living at Berwick, Nova Scotia. Christina is the wife of 'William Megill, a retired metallurgist living at Frederickstown, Missouri. Joseph is a mining engineer with home in Alberta, Canada. Agnes married George Langmead, jeweler at St. Johns, Newfoundland ; James is a metallurgist with home in Brooklyn, New York ; Barbara married Robert Moore, a resident of Elizabeth, New Jersey, and connected with the Benjamin Moore Company, paint manufacturers. Thomas Thomson, youngest of the family, was taken after his father's death to Little Bay, Newfoundland, where he received his early education in the public schools- In 1897 he graduated from the high school at Elizabeth, New Jersey, and then went and entered the Colorado School of Mines at Golden, where he was graduated in 1901 with the degree Mining Engineer. Then followed two years of active experience in the copper mines of Arizona, but since that time his work has been chiefly in reclaiming secondary metals at the big industrial plants. He was in that work at Tottenville, New York, for eight years and in 1913 came to Cleveland, where he was superintendent of the department for the reclaiming of secondary metals with several different plants. In 1914 he became general superintendent and second vice president of the Erie Smelting Company at Seventy-eighth Street and Bessemer Avenue. Their plant is for the general reduction and reclaiming of secondary metals, and the output of brass and copper ingots is distributed all over the United States. Mr. Thomson is a republican in politics and is a vestryman of the Episcopal Church. He is affiliated with Elbrook Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, James Corbin Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Brooklyn Lodge of the Knights of Pythias and the Royal Arcanum. He is a member in good standing of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. Mr. Thomson's home is at 3426 Krather Road in Brooklyn, Cleveland. He married at Perth Amboy, New Jersey, in September, 1903. The maiden name of his wife was Sarah E. Phillips, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George B. Phillips, both now deceased. Her father was at one time very prominent in politics at Key West, Florida. Mr. and Mrs. Thomson have three children: Joseph, born June. 7, 1904 ; Dorothy, born August 23, 1906 ; and Genevieve, horn December 24, 1913. WILLIAM W. WATTERSON. In the industry of shipbuilding which in recent months has been exalted to first importance among all the industries of the world William Wallace Watterson is a veteran in experience, skill and knowledge of the infinite detail of the business. Mr. Watterson has been a resident of Cleveland for many years, and has long been identified with The Pittsburgh Steamship Company as its superintendent of construction. Mr. Watterson comes of a seafaring family, and was born on the Isle of Man, a British subject, May 5, 1862. His father, John Watterson, was born there in 1836 and it was his legal place of residence all his life, though his vocation as a sailor took him to practically all the known ports of the world. He died in the Isle of Man in 1904. He was a member of the Episcopal Church. During one of his voyages he met a Scotch lassie in Fifeshire, and subsequently she returned home with him to the Isle of Man as his wife. Her maiden name was Christina Wallace, and she was born in Fifeshire in 1840. She died on the Isle of Man in 1911. They had a family of six children : Christina, wife of Alfred Bailey, a butcher living on the Isle of Man ; Eliza, wife of John Quayle, a farmer on the Isle of Man ; William W.: John, who was a sail maker and died on the Isle of Man in 1911; Alice has lived in Cleveland since the death of her husband James Gaskell. a sail maker formerly living on the Isle of Man ; and Emma, who died unmarried on her native isle in 1907. Of these. children both John and Emma lived for several years with their brother William in Cleveland. William Wallace Watterson received his primary advantages in the public schools of his native country. At the age of fourteen he found employment as an apprentice in a ship yard, and for six years was busy in learning and practicing every detail of the trade. He then signed articles for service on a British ship two years, and that was an eventful experience, entailing a voyage to the west coast of South America around Cape Horn. When the voyage was over he resumed work in a shipbuilding yard on his native island for a year and in the spring of 1886 came to the United States and located at Cleveland. For about two years he was with The Globe Iron Works in their local shipyard, and subsequently with the yards of Ratcliff & Langell. The Ship Owners Dry Dock Company then employed him to build a dry dock, a property which was subsequently acquired by The. American Ship Building Company. Mr. Watterson was with this corporation for twelve years as superintendent, and then for two years they sent him as superintendent of the Lorain Ship Yard at Lorain, Ohio. Leaving Cleveland he then spent three years as superintendent for the Ship Owners Dry Dock Company of Chicago, but in the spring of 1904 returned to this city and entered the service of the Pittsburgh Steamship Company as super- 546 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS intendent of construction, the office he still holds. His offices are in the Rockefeller Building, and he has complete supervision of the building and repairs of upwards of a hundred steamers and barges owned by the company. Mr. Watterson is a director of the Cleveland Motor Car Company and is well known both in business and social circles. He is affiliated. with Bigelow Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, Thatcher Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Forest City Commandery Knight Templars, Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite, and has his Shrine membership in Medinah Temple at Chicago. lie also belongs to Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Yacht Club, and is a member of the Episcopal Church and a republican in politics. Mr. Watterson owns considerable local real estate, including a dwelling house at 1440 West Seventy-fifth Street. He built as a gift to his bride the modern home at 1432 West Seventy-fourth Street, a short time before he married, Mr. Watterson married in Cleveland in 1893 Miss Laura Megarvey, daughter of P. J. and Harriet (Crowe) Megarvey, both now deceased. Her father was a native of Pennsylvania, moved to Ohio in 1846 and came to Cleveland in 1871. He was a plasterer by trade. Mr. and Mrs. Watterson have two children : William Wallace, Jr., a student in the University School of Cleveland, who enlisted in the United States Naval Reserve in July, 1918 ; and Laura, attending the West High School. GEORGE D. KOCH is a prominent Cleveland furniture manufacturer and dealer, and has been identified with practically every phase of this industry since boyhood. He is now president of the George D- Koch & Son Company, operating one of the largest and best patronized furniture and rug houses in the city, at 10300 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Koch is well known in business and commercial affairs and is also president of the Central Savings & Loan Company in the Euclid Arcade and the City Office Desk Company. George D. Koch began his education in the public schools of Cleveland but left off his formal schooling at the age of fourteen to learn the technical processes of the furniture business. His first work was with the J. A. Vincent Company, now the Vincent-Barstow Company, one of the pioneer furniture houses of the city. He was with them and other firms until 1872, when he entered business for himself by establishing the Fleming & Koch Furniture Company on the West Side. The partnership was dissolved in 1874, and his next partner was F. Henke, under the firm name of Koch & Henke. They built up a large and flourishing establishment on Lorain Avenue on the west side, and when the plant was burned in 1912 it was considered the largest furniture house in the city. The fire was a disastrous one, causing a total loss, and the firm was then dissolved. Mr. Koch then established his present business, under the name George D. Koch & Son Company, located at 10300 Euclid Avenue. In a few short years he has succeeded in building up the largest furniture house in the East End of Cleveland. He carries the better makes of furniture, Oriental and domestic rugs, and has a trade drawn from all over the city and surrounding territory. His store has a frontage of 81 feet and a depth of 257 feet. Mr. George D. Koch is president of the company and his sons, C. C. Koch and George B. Koch are respectfully vice president and secretary and treasurer. Mr. George D. Koch's home is at 15315 Detroit Avenue, at the corner of Mars Avenue in Lakewood. He has always been interested in local public affairs so far as his business interests would permit. In 1883 he was elected a member of the board of education. He served as a member of the board until he removed from that ward. In 1875 at Cleveland Mr. Koch married Miss Bertha A. Berno. Their two sons, George B. and Charles C., already named, are both graduates of the Cleveland Business College- They also have two daughters, Viola and Stella, both graduates of the Cleveland High School and the latter still at home- Viola married for her first husband George Muth, a civil engineer, now deceased. She is now the wife of Frank Shepard, a shipping contractor, and their home is in Lakewood. ERNST W. MUELLER. The development of any great industry that carries with it solidity and permanence, comes about through like qualities in its founders and owners. Business success comes largely because of business integrity. The honest policy pursued by one of the representative families of Cleveland, the Muellers, long prominent in the brewing industry, has not been changed in recent years, but continues a dominating feature.of all the business operations of Ernst W. Mueller, who is president of the Cleveland Home CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 547 Brewing Company, one of the many extensive manufacturing plants in its line in this section of the state. Ernest W. Mueller has spent almost his entire life if United States, of which he is a proud and patriotic citizen, but his birth took place. in Alsenz, Bavaria, Germany, October 13, 1851. His parents were Peter and Mary (Lynn) Mueller. Peter Mueller was born in Bavaria in 1821 and died at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1898, having come to this city in 1856, the last of his family to leave the old country because of the troubles incurred in the revolution in Germany in 1848. One of his brothers became very prominent in public life in Ohio and served the state in the office of lieutenant governor. Peter Mueller learned the trade of harness making in Germany, but it was distasteful to him and soon after reaching Cleveland he found opportunity to go into the malting business and continued in that line until the end of a busy life. He was married in Bavaria to Mary Lynn, and she died at Cleveland in 1907, aged seventy-six years. They had the following children: Herman, who was born in Bavaria, died at Stuttgart, Germany, in 1907, having succeeded his father in the malting business ; Ernst W. ; Otto, who is a physician and surgeon at Cleveland ; and Fred P., who died at Cleveland in 1909, was associated in business with the Paul Schmidt Company, wine manufacturers. Dr. Otto Mueller of the above family has become eminent in his profession. He is a graduate of Harvard University and of the Chicago Medical University. He studied in both Frankfort and Berlin, Germany, and for two years after leaving college practiced without pay in the Government Marine Hospital. Ernst W. Mueller was educated in the public schools of Cleveland and was graduated from the high school in 1870. He began his business life with his father, who was then established in a building he erected on Champlain Street, his plant running through to Michigan Street. This building still belongs to the family. Ernst W. continued in his father's malting business until 1887, when he started the Cleveland Brewing Company, on Ansel Avenue, and in 1897 this was merged with the Cleveland-Sandusky Brewing Company, of which Mr. Mueller became president. In 1907 he organized the Cleveland Home Brewing Company, of which he is president. He took over the Beltz Brewing Company's building, a small structure, which has been enlarged and newly equipped and its capacity at present is 100,000 barrels per year. The brewery is situated at No. 2501 Sixty-first Street, Cleveland. The officers of the company are : Ernst W- Mueller, president ; Rudolph Mueller, vice president, and Carl F. Schroeder, secretary and treasurer. Ernst W. Mueller was married at Cleveland in 1879 to Miss Agatha Leick, who is a daughter of F. A. and Elizabeth (Heege) Leick, old residents of Cleveland, who came to Newburg, Ohio, from Germany, in the '40s. Mr. and Mrs. Mueller have three sons : Omar E., who is in the real estate business in Cleveland ; Curt B., who is a patent attorney with offices in the Leader-News Building, Cleveland, resides on Elbur Avenue, Lakewood ; and Lynn E., who was associated with his father in business before becoming a member of Troop A, One Hundred Thirty-Fifth Artillery, National Army, stationed at Camp Sheridan. He is a sergeant in rank and is in line for promotion, and in 1916 accompanied his military organization to El Paso, Texas, and is now somewhere in France. Mr. Mueller is a member of the City Club, Cleveland. He has never found much time to devote to polities, but is never backward about stating his position on public questions and has always preferred the sense of freedom that he enjoys in voting independently. Mr. Mueller is one of Cleveland's most charitable men and his support is given to many worthy enterprises. HORACE A. WATTERSON. Taking the services of father and son together the Wattersons have been doing much of the heavy construction work involved in the building of mills, factories and other structures in the Cleveland district for half a century or more. One of the prominent contractors of the city today is Horace A. Watterson, with offices in the Citizens Building. The family have been residents of this section of Ohio for more than ;fourscore years. The paternal grandparents were natives of the Isle of Man, Great Britain. The grandfather, William Watterson, was born there in 1806. Immediately after his marriage to Miss McGowan, a native of the same island, he set out for America, bringing his bride to Ohio and settling on a farm at Warrensville. He followed farming there for many years, but he and his wife spent their last days in retirement at Cleveland, where the grandfather died in 1888. 548 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS John T. Watterson was born in a log hous on the old farm at Warrensville, Ohio, in 1830. He spent most of his life in Cleveland and as a general contractor contributed much to the upbuilding of this city in its industrial section. He built the, Otis Steel Plant, the plant of the American Steel and Wire Company, and a number of other old mills and factories on Whiskey Island. In the early days he was also identified with oil refining in Cleveland. John T. Watterson, who died at Cleveland one of its honored old-time residents in 1905, was an active republican in his day and at one time represented the Sixth Ward in the City Council. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. John T. Watterson married Mary Crennell. She was born in 1834 and her birth occurred on a boat between Buffalo and Cleveland. She died at Cleveland in 1896. There were six children in the family : Mary married Fenimore C. Bate, an architect, and both died in Cleveland ; Horace A. ; Alice, wife of George McKay, resident of New York City, Mr. McKay being a constructor of coke ovens; Belle married Frank Dorman, living in New York City and connected with the General Motor Company; Mack R., a contractor who died at Cleveland; and Sherman, a mason and contractor living on Carnegie Avenue in Cleveland. Horace A. Watterson was born in Cleveland December 6, 1858. The public schools supplied his early education and at the age of seventeen he began work, serving an apprenticeship at the carpenter's trade. Building lines and building contracting have constituted his business and profession ever since. He has constructed a large number of mills and factories and specializes in heavy construction work and has also performed a number of contracts for railroad corporations. Mr. Watterson is an enthusiastic member of the Cleveland Driving Club, a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, and is an independent voter. In 1916 he erected a modern apartment at 1870 East Ninetieth Street, where he and his family reside. In 1882, at Cleveland, he married Miss Margaret Carnegie, daughter of John and Mary Carnegie, both now deceased. Her father was an architect. Mr. and Mrs. Watterson have one child, John A., who lives on Ninety-third Street in s Cleveland and is superintendent of construction for the state of Ohio for the Standard Oil Company. HENRY W. S. WOOD. On every side at Cleveland may be noted evidences of great , municipal growth, of wonderful development, of substantial progress, all of which have been brought about within the last forty years, and to no one man is more credit due than to Henry W. S. Wood, president of the United Banking & Savings Company. His name is identified not only with the large banking institutions which he has helped to found, but his power of leadership has long been recognized in other lines of trade and commerce, in laying firm foundations for material growth, in bringing into being important public utilities, and in inaugurating measures of vital importance resulting in providing for the city's rapid expansion the notable system of viaducts now built and the Superior-Detroit Viaduct in course of construction. He has worked also for the strengthening of Cleveland's public school system, and for everything that has in it a definite promise of civic value,' During this long interval he has shown a noble public spirit by serving continuously in city offices for thirty-five years without any remuneration. Henry W. S. Wood was born in the city of London, England, August 4, 1845. His parents were Stephen and Amelia (Combs) Wood. Stephen Wood was born in London in 1818, and died at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1880. He grew to manhood and was married in his native city and in the winter of 1848 came with his family to the United States and settled at Cleveland to pursue his trade, that of a mason. He prospered and became a builder and contractor. In the course of years he became an American citizen and identified himself with the republican party in politics. Both he and wife were faithful members of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Six children were born to them, namely : Henry W. S.; James, who is,a retired capitalist, resides on East Seventy-ninth Street, Cleveland; Walter, who is in business at Cleveland ; Charles, who conducts a paint and wall paper store in Cleveland ; Thomas, who is a retired capitalist of Cleveland; and Jennie, the wife of Walter Hanna, who is in the paint and varnish business at Columbus, Ohio. Henry W. S. Wood attended the public chools of Cleveland until he was about fifteen years of age. He early developed busiess capacity and naturally sought an opporunity to exercise it, finding his first oppor- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 549 tunity before he had reached manhood, in taking contracts from the contractor for the lumber both in car load and ship load lots. Later he served five years as a salesman in a lumber yard and then embarked in a contracting business with his father and brother, James Wood, in heavy underground work, and they continued the partnership for ten years, and during this time Mr. Wood became interested in many business enterprises in which he is yet concerned, entirely aside from the work that made so strong an appeal to his public spirit and civic pride. In 1888 he retired from the above partnership. In 1886 he had been one of the organizers of the United Banking & Savings Company and became its vice president, serving as such until he assumed the presidency in 1910 and is still serving in 1918. This financial institution stands among the foremoit in Ohio, not only in its secured resources, but in the sound, reliable character of the officials who conduct its affairs. The present officers are: Henry W. S. Wood, president; Henry Grombaeher, vice president ; William H. Heil, vice president and treasurer; Arthur H. Seibig, secretary ; and C. A. Wilkinson, assistant treasurer. This is the largest bank on the West Side of Cleveland, with assets of $12,000,000, being situated at West Twenty-fifth Street and Lorain Avenue, and pays four per cent on savings deposits. Mr. Wood is president also of the Equity Savings & Loan Company, and is a director of the Cleveland National Bank. Included among other important personal interests of Mr. Wood. is the presidency of the Wood Brothers Real Estate Company, engaged entirely in looking after the large Woods' property interests here. He is a director of the Stark Electric Railway Company, and is a director of the Hunkin-Conkey Construction Company. Mr. Wood was married first, in 1868, to Miss Hattie Smith of Livingston County, New York, who died at Cleveland in 1887. The following children were born to them: Eleanor, who resides at home; May, who is the wife of Walter M. Dick, who is auditor of the Westinghouse firm at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Harriet, who is the wife of Charles Phyers, in the insurance business, and they reside in East Cleveland; Harry, who is a resident of Cleveland; Elizabeth, who is the wife of John Sutton, owner of the Columbia Dye Company of Cleveland ; Maude, who resides at home ; Chester, who is officially connected with the Equity Building & Loan. Company.; Irene, who is a twin sister of Chester, resides at home; and Pearl, who also lives at home. These young ladies are all well known in the pleasant social life of the city and with their father belong to the Congregational Church. Mr. Wood's second marriage was to Miss Clara H. Clark, of Oberlin, Ohio, in 1889. She died February 5, 1918. Her parents were J. B. and Fannie (Thompson) Clark, both now deceased. The father of Mrs. Wood was formerly president of a bank at Oberlin. In polities Mr. Wood has always been a republican and many times has been tendered offices of trust and responsibility, but his public service, as mentioned above, has always been largely gratuitously bestowed. He was elected a member of the first Board of Education and served two years ; was a member of the Public Library Board for twelve yearq and during eight of these was president of the board; served for six years on the Board of Health; was connected with the Sinking Fund Commission for the city of Cleveland for four years, and was chairman of the committee that built the first viaduct, which cost $3,000,000. Mr. Wood was a resident of Cleveland when there was but one little bridge over the Cuyahoga River at Columbus Road, and a chain ferry at Center Street. He has been one of the prime movers in bringing about almost all of the local transportation improvements and it was through his efforts that the charter was secured for the laying of a part of the West Side street ear lines. He has worked long and hard to educate the people to realize the great advantages accruing from the construction of the city's seven great viaducts and he is justly proud of so great an accomplishment for his beloved city. At present he is chairman of the citizens' committee for the Chamber of Industry, of the new viaduct just opened from Superior Avenue to Detroit Avenue, which cost $5,000,000, and also is chairman of the committee representing the Chamber of Industry of the newly proposed viaduct, the Lorain-Huron, the estimated cost of which will be $6,000,000. For thirty years Mr. Wood waged a fight to secure a sewer through Walwroth Run and now this is a part of the intercepting sewer system of the city. He was chairman of the committee that built the public market house on West Twenty-fifth Street, and in fact it would be difficult to 550 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS name any such enterprises now indispensable to the comfort of residents in different sections to which Mr. Wood has not found the time and inclination to give attention. His name appears as a very useful member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Industry, the Builders Exchange and the Real Estate Board. He is president of the Riverside Cemetery Association. His only fraternal connection is with Amazon Lodge of Odd Fellows. MAURICE WEIDENTHAL deserves a permanent niche of fame among Cleveland citizens, newspaper men and civic leaders. He was born in Hungary in October, 1856, and died at Cleveland July 21, 1917, at the age of sixty-one. He came to America at the age of thirteen and after varied other experiences took up newspaper work. He was a reporter on the old Cleveland Herald, now the News, and was dramatic critic and editorial writer for Cleveland Press. While he did and did well every manner of editorial and newspaper work, it is said that he especially excelled as a theatrical critic. In 1906 Mr. Weidenthal founded the Jewish Independent, a weekly, and was its editor until his death. A number of years previously he had been for a time city editor of the Plain Dealer. As editor of the Jewish Independent he crusaded actively against stage characterizations which he believed ridiculed or created prejudice against the Jews. One definite result of this crusade was a protest made to the Cleveland Board of Education requesting that the "Merchant of Venice" be no longer read in the Cleveland public schools. This request was acceded to and the movement gradually spread over the United States. He was also well known in politics and had the confidence of many political leaders. He bore a strong personal resemblance to the late Senator M. A. Hanna and as a political writer he followed Hanna in many campaigns about the country. Mr. Weidenthal is credited with having suggested to the late Mayor Johnson a change of a number of old street names which had been outgrown. He was a member of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, the Knights of Joseph and the Sons of Benjamin. He was survived by two brothers, Leo and Henry J. Weidenthal, and five sisters, Mrs. A. Kline, Mrs. S. Glick, Mrs. E. M. Klein, Miss Lillie and Mrs. E. Sperling. His immediate family consisted of Mrs. Weidenthal, two children, William R. and Mrs. Joseph S. Newman, and one grandchild, Robert Newman. This brief sketch of a Cleveland citizen should be concluded with a brief editorial that appeared in one of the local papers under the title "In Appreciation of a Man." The editorial reads : "No man's face was more patent a badge of character than Maurice Weldenthal's. Kindliness, sympathy, intelligence, broadmindedness, all were written there. And it did not take a physiognomist to find them. Maurice Weidenthal probably knew person.: ally more people than any other man in Cleveland. Half of his years he spent in this city as a newspaperman----general reporter, stage critic, political writer, editorial writer, editor. At the time of his death he was editor of the Jewish Independent, which he founded in 1906. His work brought him into contact with all the elements of the community. He held the confidence and respect of high and low alike. His honesty, his humaneness, his sincerity, his knoWledge of men and affairs made his counsel wise and worth seeking. Maurice Weidenthal was esteemed as a citizen and a newspaper worker. He was loved as a friend and a man." JOHN H. QUAYLE, M. D. Twenty-three years of active work as a physician and surgeon, most of it in Cleveland, have brought Dr. Quayle many of the honors and rewards of the profession, and from him has proceeded a corresponding service that completely justifies his high standing. Dr. Quayle was born in Madison, Ohio, June 25, 1874, a son of Henry and Mary E. (Bower) Quayle. His father was born in Painesville, Ohio, and for a number of years lived at Madison. It was at Madison that Dr. Quayle's boyhood and schoolboy days were passed. At the age of seventeen he began preparation for a professional career as a student in the Cleveland University of Medicine and Surgery, from which he graduated Doctor of Medicine in 1895. He is also a graduate of the Cleveland College of Physicians and Surgeons and has done other postgraduate work in the New York Post-Graduate College and in all of the great medical centers and clinics of Europe. In the meantime he had practiced in his old home town of Madison for eight years, and then came to Cleveland, where his abilities soon won him a large practice. His fine natural qualifications, plus extended experience and research, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 551 have made him one of the most prominent specialists in diagnosis and internal medicine as well as surgery. He is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, Cleveland Medical Library Association Ohio Medical Association, Fellow of the American Medical Association, and before the war was a member of the Anglo-American Medical Association of Berlin. He has frequently contributed to the aliment literature of the profession. Like all progressive medical men he has attuned his activities and influence with the needs of our country at war. Particularly has he been interested in the training and reclamation of men up to the standard of physical and mental requirements kept by the army draft boards. In April, 1917, the month in which we declared war, Dr. Quayle was impressed by the great number of men who came to him to be fixed up physically so that they could pass the examination for admission to the army and coming into possession of the report for March, 1917, that during that month, of all the most patriotic men and the ones who believed themselves physically fit, who volunteered for service, 83% were rejected. His originality forced him to investigate conditions and the causes for same. Believing that American manhood had not degenerated to this condition he started a campaign for a change in the army regulations and to bring the rejected man up to such a physical standard that he could pass the examination for the army. Having lived in Germany and being familiar with the military conditions he felt that it would take even at this early date, from five to ten million American soldiers to win the war and basing his arguments on these numbers, he took up the matter with Secretary of War Baker, Provost Marshal General Crowder, Senator Pomerene and others which all results in a bill being introduced into Congress by Senator Pomerene of Ohio, providing for Reclamation Camps and a hundred millions of dollars for carrying out the work. In January, 1918, this plan with some modifications, was adopted by the army and has been successful in making hundreds of thousands of men, who were physically unable to pass the examination. available for military service. This work of reclamation of rejected registrants is not only being carried out in the army but nearly every community in the United States is doing all in its power to reclaim for military service, free of charge, all men of draft ages, who will submit to such treatment as is necessary to make them physically fit. This is all he to the propaganda of Dr. Quayle, who is most original in his ideas. Dr. Quale was the originator of the plan of building the Cleveland Athletic Club on top of Ex-Governor Brown's building of six stories, with footings to carry sixteen stories. He obtained an option on this air space for ninety-nine years on which a bond issue of $250,000.00 was successfully issued and sold and has almost been entirely retired, which has proved that his idea of having a club in the downtown district on top of another man's building was sound. Dr. Quayle's hobbies are automobiling and golf. He has been elected and re-elected president of the Cleveland Automobile Club, vice president of the American Automobile Association, is a director in the Shaker Heights Country Club and the Willowick Country Club, is a life member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and numerous other •clubs and a high mason. Dr. Quayle was married to Grace Dayton October 3, 1896, and has three children : Alice Lynette, John Harrison, Jr., and William Henry Quayle. JOHN NELSON STOCKWELL, SR. Among men of distinction in the scientific world, probably the one whose fame is most secure as a resident of Cleveland is John Nelson Stockwell, Sr., still living and active in his studies and' scientific investigations at the age of eighty-five. He is an astronomer and mathematician and probably no one living in Ohio today has read the story of the phenomena of the heavens as a scientific observer for a longer period than he. His earlier as well as his later life was spent in Ohio, though he was born in Northampton, Hampshire County, Massachusetts, April 10, 1832. He was the fifth son of William and Clarissa (Whittemore) Stockwell. The paternal ancestors were Connecticut settlers early in the eighteenth century while his mother belonged to the Massachusetts family of Whittemore and she was a niece of Amos Whittemore, inventor of a machine for making wool and cotton cards. In 1833 William Stockwell moved with his family to Ohio, and the future astronomer's first schooling was acquired in the Town of Charlestown, Portage County. After the age of eight years he lived with an aunt whose husband was a farmer at Brecksville in Cuy- 552 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ahoga County. There he attended district schools at limited intervals, though much of his time was required for farm work. His real intellectual awakening occurred about his thirteenth year. It was the period of the rising abolition movement and the outbreak of the war with Mexico and he became fascinated with history in its making and also with the subject of science and mathematics. It was an eclipse of the moon which. is said to have directed his .special attention to astronomical matters. He secured a copy and carefully studied La Place's "Mecanique Celeste," and after that assimilated astronomical knowledge both by study and practical observation. The first work which brought him to the notice of scientists of standing was when he prepared a "Western Reserve Almanac for 1853" when he was only twenty-one years of age. The following year he formed the acquaintance of Dr. B. A. Gould, editor of the Astronomical Journal. Through Doctor Gould he obtained a position as computer in the longitude department of the United States Coast Survey, of which Doctor Gould was then director. While performing these duties he spent eight months at Cambridge, Massachusetts, which gave him welcome opportunities for further studies and research. Mr. Stockwell computed the orbit of two comets which appeared in 1858, and also the orbit, perturbation and ephemeris of Virginia, the 15th asteroid for the opposition of 1859, publishing the result of these investigations in the Astronomical Journal before the end of 1858. In May, 1860, he computed and published another ephemeris of Virginia for the opposition of that year and in July, 1860, published a new method of solving a set of symmetrical equations having indeterminate coefficients. He had also begun a very elaborate computation of the secular variations of the planetary orbits arising from their mutual attractions on each other, when his researches were interrupted by the outbreak of the Civil war. From 1861 to 1864 he held a position in the United States Naval Observatory at Washington and for the following three years was engaged in statistical work for the United States Sanitary Commission. Doctor Stockwell has had his home in Cleveland since 1867 and here has given his time and study to various astronomical calculations, particularly to a general discussion of the mathematical theory of the moon's motion. In the Astronomical Journal and in other scientific papers have been published his articles on "Inequalities of the Moon's Motion Produced by the Oblateness of the Earth," "Long Period Inequalities of the Moon's 'Motion Produced by the Action of Venus," "Secular and Long Period Inequalities' of the Moon's Motion, containing a discussion of several ancient eclipses," "On the Rectification of Chronology by Ancient Eclipses." In recent years much of his time has been taken up with researches concerning ancient eclipses for chronological purposes. He discovered records of one such eclipse visible in India October 20, 3784, B. C.; another visible in China October 10, 2136, B. C., the only one seen in China during that century. Doctor Stockwell has written a popular work, "The Skies of Past and Future Ages," a volume containing the places of the principal fixed stars during a period of thirty-two thousand years. Both American and foreign scientists have long held him in esteem for his original investigations in astronomy. Among other works he is author of "Memoirs on the Secular Variations of the Planetary Orbit," published in Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge, 1872; "Stock and Interest Tables," 1873; "Tax Tables," 1903; "Eclipse Cycles," "Theory of the Mutual Perturbation of Planets Moving at the Same Mean Distance from the Sun and its bearing on the Constitution of Saturn's Rings and the Cosmogony of La Place." His achievements have been recognized by Western Reserve University, which conferred upon him the honorary degree Master of Arts in 1862 and that of Doctor of Philosophy in 1876. Dr. Stockwell married. December 6 1855 Miss Sarah Healy of Brecksville, Ohio. Their companionship continued unbroken for over sixty years until the death of his beloved wife at their home in Cleveland August, 1916, when she was in her eighty-third year. JOHN NELSON STOCKWELL, JR., son of Cleveland's most distinguished astronomer and scientist, referred to on other pages, has been active in the profession of law and in civic affairs for a number of years. Mr. Stockwell was a follower and a personal friend of the late Mayor Tom L. Johnson and during the ascendancy of that practical business man and reformer in local politics he was closely associated with a group of men who gave splendid service to the city, in- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 553 cluding Newton D. Baker, Frederick Howe and others. Mr. Stockwell was born in Cleveland April 11, 1872, was educated in the public schools, graduating from the Central High School with the class of 1890. His college work was done chiefly in Western Reserve University, from which he graduated Bachelor of Letters in 1895. He pursued his law studies in Cornell University, and attained the degree Bachelor of Laws in 1897, in the same year being admitted to the Ohio bar and beginning practice at Cleveland. Mr. Stockwell after practicing alone for a time and filling various official positions, chiefly in line with his profession, became a member of the old law partnership of Herrick and Hopkins on January 1, 1916. At the same time Alfred A. Beneath was admitted to that partnership, the title of which has since been Herrick, Hopkins, Stockwell & Benesch, with offices in the Society for Savings Building. Mr. Stockwell served as a member of the Board of Education from 1902 to 1905- He was elected to the Legislature and served in the House of Representatives during 1905-08. Dnring 1909-10 he was a member of the Sinking Fund Commissioners of the City of Cleveland, and in 1910 was elected to the Ohio Senate, serving during the session of 1911-12. Former Mayor Herman C. Baehr appointed him first assistant city solicitor of Cleveland in January, 1912; and he filled that office during that year and 1913. In 1914-15 he was corporation counsel and vice-mayor during the administration of Mayor Newton D. Baker, now Secretary of War. While in college and university Mr. Stockwell played football and baseball and was active in all college sports, and has retained his love of the out-of-door life ever since. He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity and in politics is a democrat. He has membership in the Cleveland Bar Association and the Nisi Prins Club. He also belongs to the Chamber of Commerce Club, the University Club, the Mayfield 'Country Club and the Civic League. On January 2, 1902, he married Miss Cordelia A. Ranney, a granddaughter of the late Rufus P. Ranney, chief justice of the Supreme Court of Ohio, elsewhere mentioned in this publication. Mrs. Stockwell was born and educated in Cleveland, attending Miss Mittleberger's private school, and was graduated from Vassar College- She is a musi clan of thorough training and wide experience, and pursued her higher studies in that art abroad in Germany. Mr. and Mrs. Stockwell have three daughters, all born in Cleveland, Alice Kean, Katharine Ranney and Jane Warner. RUFUS P. RANNEY was one of the greatest lawyers and jurists of Ohio. His contemporaries revered him for his charming personality, his profound legal wisdom, the purity of his public and private life, and for the quiet dignity of an ideal follower of his calling. He was for many years in active. practice in Cleveland, and died at his home in that city December 6, 1891, at the age of seventy-eight. It has often been asserted that the memory of a lawyer is evanescent. Even great jurists are forgotten; oftentimes great work. That Judge Ranney's work and influence remain vital to the present time is doubtless due to the fact that he was less legalistic than many of his contemporaries of the bench and bar, and because he brought to public problems a breadth of human understanding and a knowledge of the forces that actuate social and economic affairs sufficient to give his opinions the breath of eternal life which time cannot wither nor age stale. Beyond adding this tribute to his catholicity of intellect and his intimate touch with modern conditions, it is now possible here to give a better estimate of his life and work than can be found in the writings and memorials previously published by such friends and admirers as Allen G. Thurman, Richard A. Harrison, Jacob D. Cox, Francis E. Hutchins and Samuel E. Williamson: The following paragraphs are therefore largely a brief abstract sufficient to indicate Judge Ranney's position and eminence as a Cleveland lawyer and an Ohio jurist. He was born at Blandford, Hampden County, Massachusetts, October 30, 1813- His father was a farmer of Scotch descent. The family moved to Portage County, Ohio, in 1822. The hard struggles of pioneer life were favorable to the full development of Rufus P. Ranney's great natural endowment, his inherited characteristics and the attainment of the highest excellence. Public in- struction was limited, but the stock of intelligence in the family, with a few standard books brought from Massachusetts, coupled with an active, penetrating and broad intellect, aroused in the son a desire to get an 554 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS education. By manual labor and by teaching he was able when near manhood to enter an academy, and later he was a student in Western Reserve College, but was unable to finish the course on account of lack of means. At the age of twenty-one he entered the law office of Joshua R. Giddings and Benjamin F. Wade, and was admitted to the bar in 1836. He formed a partnership with Mr. Wade when Giddings was elected to Congress and this firm became the leading one in Northeastern Ohio. Soon after Mr. Wade's election to the bench in 1845 Mr. Ranney removed to Warren, Trumbull County. He was minority party candidate for Congress in 1846 and 1848. In 1850 he was elected a delegate to the convention called to revise and amend the constitution of the state. Although a young man he was soon recognized as one of the leading members of the convention. In this party of distinguished lawyers, jurists and statesmen, there were few members who had so thorough a knowledge of political science, constitutional law, political and judicial history and the principle of jurisprudence as Judge Ranney displayed in the debates of the convention. He was made a member of the committee on the judicial department and chairman of the committee on revision, enrollment and arrangement. His work in the convention was ably reviewed in a memorial by Judge Williamson for the State Bar Association in 1892 and without quoting at length from that document the following sentences should be noted as especially significant: "His part in the convention was largely the result of his intense belief in democracy; not democracy in a partisan sense, although that belief determined his party fealty also, but democracy in the first and best sense as meaning government by the people. He trusted people thoroughly, and although the character of the voting population of the state gradually changed before his death, his faith in the people continued to be so strong that he looked forward to the outcome of every struggle, in which both sides had a fair hearing, as sure to be wise and right. Without this key to his votes and speeches they would be sadly misunderstood. He favored every proposition to the limit of the executive and the legislative except as the duty of legislative action to restrain encroachment upon the rights of citizens could be imposed upon the General Assembly. His faith in the people led him to wish for them a larger share in the administration of justice and to desire that every court should be to some extent a court of first instance, and he would have had every question of facts, in equity as well as at law, referred to a jury. It was Judge Ranney who first proposed that the creditors of corporations should be secured by the individual liability of stockholders, although the form and extent of the proposition were somewhat changed by amendment before its adoption." It is said that the amended constitution of 1850 conformed very nearly to the principles and provisions advocated by Judge Ranney. In March, 1851, he was elected by the General Assembly judge of the Supreme Court to succeed Judge Avery; and at the first election held tinder the amended constitution in 1851 he was chosen to be one of the judges of the new Supreme Court. He was assigned the longest term and served until 1856, when he resigned and removed from Warren to Cleveland, where he resumed the practice of law as member of the firm Ranney, Backus & Noble. In 1859 he was the unsuccessful candidate of his party against William Dennison for governor of the state. Three years afterwards he was nominated against his express desire, as a candidate for supreme judge. One of his partners, Franklin Backus, was nominated by the opposing party of the same office. To his own surprise, Judge Ranney was elected. After another two years on the bench he resumed the practice of law in Cleveland. The demands upon his professional services were now more than he could comply with. Anything like a selfish regard for his own pecuniary interests would have induced him to select for his attention the most important lucrative business that was offered, but the needs of a man or woman in difficulty or distress were more likely to secure his devoted services than the offer of a large fee. When the Ohio State Bar Association was organized in the year 1881 he was unanimously elected its president. Every well informed Ohio lawyer is familiar with the opinions written by Judge Ranney while a justice of the Supreme Court. All these are found in the state reports, and a review of many of them is contained in the article by Judge Williamson already mentioned. It is merely for the sake of illustrating his clarity of mind and his modern viewpoint that one brief quotation is made from a decision handed down CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 555 by him half a century ago, in the case of Railroad Company vs. Keary (3 O. S., 201). The matter involved is a very familiar one at the present time, that of employer's liability. The rule and principle enunciated by Judge Ranney with the unanimous concurrence of the other members of the court, was as follows : "No one has the right to put in operation forces calculated to injure life and property without placing them under the control of a competent and ever-acting superintending intelligence. Whether he undertakes it or procures another to represent him, the obligation remains the same, and a failure to comply with it in either case imposes the duty of making reparation for any injury that may ensue." Towards the close of'his life Judge Ranney gradually withdrew from the practice of his profession ; but the urgent solicitation of some old friend or an attack upon some important constitutional or legal principle drew him occasionally from his library to the court room. The announcement that he was to make an argument never' failed to bring together an audience of lawyers, eager to learn from him the art of forensic reasoning, of which he was a consummate and acknowledged master, to be entertained and instructed by his sympathy and familiarity with the more recent advances in the science of jurisprudence. The well earned leisure of his later years was far from being indolent. If he had needed an inducement to continue his reading and study, he would have found it in the pleasure it gave him to share with others the results of such study. He was anxious that young men should have the educational advantages which had been denied him, and it was for the double purpose of helping to provide such advantages and justifying the confidence which had been reposed in him by a valued client and friend, that he devoted much time for several years in placing the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland upon a firm foundation and providing for it adequate buildings and equipment. From the time of Judge Ranney's admission to the bar he found time by means of his ability to dispose of business rapidly and by unremitting industry to make up to some extent the deficiency in his early education. Accident and taste combined to direct his attention particularly to the language of France and as soon as he could read it easily he made a profound study of her literature, politics, history and Jaw. The Civil Law and the debates which resulted in the Code Napoleon became as familiar to him as the Commentaries of Blackstone and had their part in forming his clear and mature conceptions of natural justice and views of public policy. Judge Ranney was a man of great simplicity of character, wholly free from affectation and assumption. He was a man of native modesty of character. He could have attained the highest standing in any pursuit or station requiring the exercise of intellectual and moral qualities, but his ambition was chastened and moderate and he seemed to have no aspirations for official place or popular applause. While always dignified, he was a genial and companionable man, of fine wit and rare humor. He had singular powers of memory. Every fact, every rule, every principle, when once acquired, remained with him always. He combined extensive and varied general knowledge with remarkable accuracy of judgment. His originality of mind was not impaired by his accumulation of knowledge and the ideas of others. No man was more fearless in asserting the right and in the performance of what he deemed his duty. His known integrity and honesty and his never failing common sense and sagacity in affairs of business placed in his hands weighty and responsible trusts embracing important interests and large amounts of property. From the beginning of his career as a lawyer, by reason of the professional learning, the clear and persuasive method of reasoning, the nice power of discrimination., the strict sense of justice, the inflexible integrity and the great practical wisdom which characterized and adorned all his efforts, he occupied the position of a leading representative of the Ohio bar. While on the bench Judge Ranney was one of the strongest administrative forces of the state government. He held a place of his own. He was a personal force whose power was profoundly felt in the administration of justice throughout the state. He made a deep and .permanent impression on the. jurisprudence of Ohio. His reported judicial opinions, all of which are characterized by strength and breadth and dispassionate and unbiased judgment, show he had great facility in clear, concise, forcible expression. No one could say a plain thing in a plainer way or deal with an abstruse subject in clearer manner. In oral argument or public discourse he gave a sort of colloquial 556- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS familiarity to his utterances. No one could use an apter expression or an amusing anecdote to greater effect. He never declaimed. He was as wise in what he left unsaid as in what he said. There was never anything puerile or irrelevant in his arguments. They were characterized by a vigor and grasp of mind, a full possession of the subject and a fertility of resource whenever an emergency arose requiring him to bring to his aid his reserve power. Upon occasion no one could use sarcasm with greater effect. But the blade he used was the sword of the soldier, not the dagger of the assassin. Judge Ranney had those qualities of simplicity, directness, candor, solidity, strength and sovereign good sense which the independence and reflective life of the early settlers of the western country fostered. At the bar or in his own library he was one of the most interesting of men. He never sought to appear learned, but rather to adopt his argument to the comprehension of the weakest member of the profession and of a layman. His personal tastes were simple and domestic. His home life in its affections, confidence and constancy exhibited the gentler traits of his strong character. His attachments to wife and children were of the tenderest and most enduring quality. He married Adeline W. Warner, who survived him for many years. Her father, Judge Jonathan Warner, was one of the pioneers of the state and an associate judge of the Common Pleas Court from Ashtabula County. Judge and Mrs. Ranney had six children, four sons and two daughters, all now deceased. One of his granddaughters is living at Cleveland, Mrs. John N. Stockwell, Jr. In conclusion may be quoted the words of Judge Allen G. Thurman : "For forty years I have been a devoted friend of Rufus P. Ranney and I firmly believe that he has been mine. It may therefore be permitted to me to say that of all the great lawyers I have ever known no one ever seemed to me to be his equal.. With a quickness of apprehension almost supernatural, with a power of analysis that Pascal might have envied, with an integrity that never for a moment was or could be brought into doubt, with a courage that never permitted him to fear to do what he believed to he right, with an industry that brought all his great qualities to successful operation, and with a mind cultivated beyond the sphere of his profession, he is, in the eyes of those tvho know him as I know him, a man of whom Ohio is and always will be most justly proud. He is a star in her firmament that will never be blotted out." JOHN A. KING is a Cleveland business man of wide and varied experience, and for several years has been successfully established as a real estate man with headquarters at 10807 St. Clair Avenue, where a large clientage and his many friends avail themselves of his judgment and ability in all branches of real estate. He was born in Vermilion, Ohio, June 19, 1869. The King family had lived in Northern Ohio for upwards of seventy years. His father, John M. King, was born in March, 1837, at Elba, Hesse, Germany, and was brought by his mother to the United States in 1851. The family located at North Amherst, Ohio, where John M. King grew up and became a sailor on the Great Lakes. That was his occupation until he was twenty-eight years old. After that he was in the grocery business at Vermilion, Ohio, and in 1886 removed to Cleveland and engaged in the retail liquor trade, from which he retired in 1893. He died at Cleveland in December, 1896. He was a democratic voter, a member of the Masonic Order and of the German Reformed Church. John M. King married Anna Catherine Lingelbach. She was born at Hershfeldt, Hesse, Germany, in February, 1846, and is still living at Cleveland. Her father, Christian Lingelbach, was also a Hessian by birth, and came to this country in 1852, locating on a farm at Vermilion, Ohio. He died there in 1906 at the advanced age of ninety-one. John M. King and wife had three children : George, who is a railway passenger conductor and lives at North Fond du Lac, Wisconsin ; John A.; and Anna E who lives with her mother and is unmarried. John A. King was educated in the public schools of Vermilion, Ohio, finishing the eighth grade, but at the age of fourteen went to work regularly for his father. He was associated with his father in business for a number of years and continued for three years after the death of his father. He sold out in 1899, and in 1901 entered the real estate business as manager of the sales department for the Pumphrey Realty Company in the Society for Savings Building. He was there three years and then took it upon himself to manage the sales of an allotment of forty lots at Collinwood. He handled this deal very successfully and then entered the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 557 real estate business for himself at 10807 St. Clair Avenue. He is a partner with E. W. Guinan. They do a general brokerage in real estate. Mr. King is also a stockholder in the Jennings Sanitary Milk Bottle Company. He is independent in politics and is unmarried. His home is at 553 East 101st Street. HOWARD L. WADSWORTH is an engineer who has specialized in foundry practice and the principal achievement of his early years has been establishing the American Foundry and Equipment Company of Cleveland, of which he is active manager. He comes of a family of people talented and proficient in different lines of technical work. Mr. Wadsworth was born in Cleveland March 18, 1887, and is of English ancestry that was transplanted to New England in colonial days. His grandfather, Frederick B. Wadsworth, was born at Cleveland in 1831, representing pioneer stock in the Western Reserve. He spent his life in Cleveland. and died here in 1913. The greater part of his life he was a merchant. George H. Wadsworth, father of Howard, was born at Cleveland in 1853, and is still a resident of that city. His special line of service from early manhood has been railroading, and he is still in the harness as an employee of the Baltimore & Ohio system. Politically he is a republican. George H. Wadsworth married Alice Roberts, who was born at Wisbeek, England, in 1858. They have a family of five children : Herbert A., living at Cleveland; Roland E., who is manager of the Wadsworth Typewriter Company of Cleveland, a business established by Herbert A. Wadsworth in 1908; Howard L.; Edith A., who lives at home and is a pipe organist ; and Walter, who is assistant superintendent of the American Foundry and Equipment Company of Cleveland. Howard L. Wadsworth after graduating from the East High School of Cleveland in 1905, spent four years in Case School of Applied Science. His special work there was in mining and metallurgy. On leaving the technical school in 1909 he followed up oundry engineering work in Cleveland for several years, and in 1913 broadened his opportunities and experience by five months of observation and practical work abroad. During that time he was consulting engineer designing equipment for a large manufacturing plant in Germany and he also traveled through that country, Switzerland, Holland, Belgium, France and England, visiting and studying foundry practice in some of the biggest industrial centers of Europe. Soon after his return to America Mr. Wadsworth established the. American Foundry & Equipment Company. In 1916 the Sand Lifting Machine Company of New York and the American Foundry and Equipment Company were consolidated under the latter title, with sales offices in New York City and factory in Cleveland. The business is the manufacture of a special line of sand mixing and sand blasting machinery, designed for increased efficiency of plants using them as well as labor saving devices. The machines have an extensive use in foundries and other manufacturing plants and they have already been accorded introduction to many of the plants of the United States and have even been sold and installed in Europe. Mr. Wadsworth is a member of the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Society of Automobile Engineers, belongs to the Old Colony Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Automobile Club, and the Zeta Psi Greek letter fraternity. He is unmarried and resides in the Cleveland Athletic Club. HARVEY RICE had most of those attributes and accomplishments which in all times have been associated with the character of the gentleman. He was a lawyer of rare ability, a keen business man, exemplified the vision and judgment of the statesman in the few years he spent in public office, and with all his practical interests he lived in close companionship with the deeper and finer things of life and the spiritual verities. He was born at Conway, Massachusetts, June 11, 1800, and died at Cleveland November 7, 1891. The name Rice is of Welsh origin. He was descended from Edmund Rice, who brought his family from Berkhamsted, Hertfordshire, England, to Massachusetts in 1638. Among the descendants of Edmund was Cyrus Rice, who was the first white man to settle at Conway in 1762. Stephen Rice, father of Harvey, married Lucy Baker, who died August 2, 1804, when her son war four years old. Of his father Harvey wrote: "My father was a man of fine physical proportions and of great physical strength. Though not highly educated he possessed a logical mind and rarely met. his equal in debating a theological question. As the grand object of life he never sought wealth, nor did 558 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS he obtain it. Yet he managed to live in con fortable circumstances and always sustaine an irreproachable character. He died i 1850, in the eighty-third year of his age." Harvey Rice grew up surrounded by man of those influences which produced the stalwart characters of old New England. H graduated from Williams College in 1829 and immediately set out for the Western Reserve of Ohio, reaching Cleveland Septembe 24, 1824. While employed as a classica teacher and principal in the Cleveland Acad emy, he studied law in the office of Reuben Wood, afterward chief justice of the Su preme Court and governor of Ohio. Later he studied law with Bellamy Storer at Cincinnati. Harvey Rice and Miss Fannie Rice were married September 27, 1828, at the home of her brother-in-law; Governor Wood. Sin was a native of Sheldon, Vermont, and died in 1837. In 1840 Harvey Rice married Emma Maria Wood, and they enjoyed a companionship of nearly fifty years. Harvey Rice was elected a member of the Legislature in 1830 and was appointed to the committee to effect the first revision of the state laws. Toward the close of the session he was appointed sales agent for a large body of school lands of the Western Reserve, but in 1833 returned to Cleveland and was appointed clerk of the County Courts, holding that office seven years. The most memorable distinction associated with the name of Harvey Rice is that he was "father of the common school system of Ohio." He was elected a member of the State Senate in 1851, and was chairman of the committee on schools, and as such drafted, reported and secured the passage of the school bill which was the first law in Ohio to make the common schools really free and public schools, supported by taxation instead of voluntary subscription and open to the children of the poorest as well as the richest. Harvey Rice lived a busy and productive life, though its record can not be told in terms of offices held or abnormal achievement and experience. He was a member of innumerable boards and gave much of his time gratuitously to the administration and welfare of public institutions, was one of the early friends and stanchest supporters of the Western Reserve Historical Society, suggested the idea and was chairman of the committee which erected the statue of Commodore Perry in Cleveland, and was president of the Early Settlers Association of Cuyahoga County from 1879, the date of its organization, until his death. Through this association he brought about the erection of the statue of Moses Cleaveland and delivered the y memorial historical address upon the unveiling of the monument in 1888. He was for many years one of the most influential alumni of Williams College and the dignified monument in Mission Park near the college grounds was donated by him as a memorial to the movement which led to the organization of the American Board of Foreign Missions. As has been well said, Harvey Rice "enjoyed a serene, placid, domestic, social and literary a life." He lived constantly among books and literary associations, and himself wielded a very facile pen, producing several volumes of history, biography, poems and essays. He is one of the best examples that can be recalled I in Cleveland of a character that was as wise as it was useful, and was guided and inspired. by high ideals as much as by practical purposes. Percival Wood Rice, son of Harvey Rice, was also an outstanding figure in Cleveland's life and affairs for many years. He was born at Cleveland November 27, 1829, and died in December, 1909, at the age of eighty years. His father intended to give him a classical education. After his preparatory course a weakness of the eyes developed and he left school. In 1850 he became private secretary to his uncle, Governor Reuben Wood, a position he retained under Governor Wood's successor, and enjoyed the rank of colonel on the governor's staff. In 1853 he entered business at Cleveland under the firm name of Rice and Burnett, and with the exception of the period of the war continued active in business affairs until his retirement in 1889. At the first call for troops at the opening of the Civil war in 1861 the Light Artillery Company of Cleveland, with Mr. Rice as captain, volunteered its services and was attached to the Ohio Fourteenth Regiment under General Steedman in Western Virginia. It is stated that this battery fired the first gun on the Union side at the battle of Philippi, West Virginia. Later Captain Rice was under the command of General Lew Wallace. A number of those positions which involve heavy responsibilities without the honor and with none of the remuneration attaching to other places in the public service were held by Captain Rice. He served as a trustee of the Cleveland Waterworks, for five CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 559 years, was a member of the Board of Elections, and for twenty years was a trustee of the Society for Savings. In politics he voted as a democrat. He was a member of the Light Artillery Association of Cleveland, of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, but on the social side was doubtless best known for his deep interest in water sports. He was a great known of the water and in his later years indulged in yachting and became one of the best known devotees of that sport on the Lower Lake. He was a member of the Cleveland Yacht Club and held the rank of commodore. He was a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. October 4, 1854, at Cleveland, Captain Rice married Mary (Triggs) Cutter, of Cleveland. For his second wife he married Sarah Peek, of New Britain, Connecticut, on October 20, 1864. WALTER PERCIVAL RICE, only child of the late Captain Percival Wood Rice and Mary (Triggs) Cutter, and grandson of Hon. Harvey Rice, each of whom had a distinctive place in the history of Cleveland, as revealed in their biographies elsewhere, has found his career in the difficult and fascinating profession of civil engineering. Mr. Rice is head of the Walter P. Rice Engineering Company of Cleveland, and as a civil and consulting engineer his attainments have a national recognition. He was born at Cleveland September 2, 1855, and graduated with the degree Civil Engineer from Lehigh University at Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, with the class of 1876. He has steadily practiced his profession for over forty years. It has been a varied general practice, involving his Bermes from bridge work to sanitary engineering, embracing also important harbor work. At present he acts as consulting engineer on difficult foundations and other engineering construction. At different times he has been employed in a public capacity. He was assistant engineer on the old Superior Street viaduct, also connected with the Cleveland Highway Bridge Company, was at one time United States assistant engineer engaged in harbor work around Lake Erie, served two terms as city engineer of Cleveland, and one term as director of public works, and was also chief of engineers of the State of Ohio under Governor Hoadly, with the rank of colonel on the staff. He has also served on national commissions of expert engineers. In these capacities and through his private practice Mr. Rice has been connected with some of the most conspicuous public improvements in this and other cities. Among the very notable and original structures representing problems worked out by Mr. Rice as designing or consulting engineer might be evidenced the double revolving bridges at Columbus Street in Cleveland, the large Wheeling stone arch at Wheeling, West Virginia, and the large three-hinged concrete arch at Greenville, Ohio. Mr. Rice introduced what was probably the most extensive application of Colonel Waring's sewage purification method at East Cleveland, Ohio. He also made the first serious attempt to investigate lake currents off Cleveland and study their bearing on sewage disposal and water supply intake, as a result of which he recommended an intercepting system. of sewers. His judgment on this matter was afterwards confirmed by investigation under the auspices of a board of national experts. Mr. Rice is a member of the Chi Phi college fraternity and has held the highest offices in his chapter. He Was one of the founders on March 13, 1880, and is a past president of the Cleveland Engineering Society. He is also a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, member of the International Congresses on Navigation and of various other technical organizations. As the son of a veteran soldier and officer, he is a member of the Loyal Legion, is an ex-member of the Cleveland Yacht Club, Golf Club and Locust Point Shooting Club. September 2, 1903, at New York City, Mr. Rice married Margaret Anderson Barteau, of St. Paul, Minnesota. DUDLEY BALDWIN WICK. The active and useful career of the late Dudley Baldwin Wick, pioneer resident of Cleveland, and known and honored as a prominent and valued banker, was a factor in the commercial and civic progress of Ohio, and may well find consideration in the noting of the more salient points that have marked his life and labors. He was long a dominating power in connection with the banking interests of the state's metropolis, where he was engaged in the banking business for a period over thirty-five years, and aside from this field of operations he conducted other extensive enterprises, Vol. 11-36 560 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS achieving a position as one of the substantial capitalists of his native state, gaining his success through normal and legitimate means, and he stood for more than half a century as a singularly admirable type of the progressive, honorable and broad-minded man of affairs. Mr. Wick's career was complete and rounded in its beautiful simplicity, he did his full duty in all the relations of life, and was beloved by those near to him and was universally esteemed. Mr. Dudley Baldwin Wick was born in Youngstown, Ohio, October 3, 1846. He was a son of Henry and Mary S. (Hine) Wick, both of English origin. John Wick, great-great-great-great-grandfather of the subject of this memoir, was the first to come from England to the American Colonies, in 1620, locating on Long Island. Henry Wick, Sr., grandfather of our subject, came to Youngstown, Ohio, in 1795 as a pioneer settler, becoming a merchant of that frontier post. Henry Wiek, Jr., was the father of Dudley Baldwin Wick, and was born in Youngstown, Ohio, February 28, 1807, and died in Cleveland May 22, 1895, at the age of eighty-eight years. He had devoted most of his life to the banking business, and was also interested in many important financial enterprises. Henry Wick, Jr., was twelve years old when he left school to enter his father's store, and at the age of twenty he became sole owner of the business, conducting the store with ever-increasing success for twenty years, when he came to Cleveland, in 1848, and engaged in the banking business, under the firm name of Wick, Otis & Brownell, then located on the corner of St. Clair Avenue and Bank Street. His brother, Hugh B. Wick, was interested in this bank, and the other partners were W. A. Otis, W. F. Otis and Hon. A. C. Brownell. In 1854 the Wicks purchased the interests of their partners and the name of the house was changed to H. B. and H. Wick. In 1857 Henry Wick bought out his brother and the bank became known as Henry Wick & Company. After more than forty years of continuous success the institution was incorporated under the state laws of Ohio in 1891 as the Wick Banking & Trust Company. He was a potent factor in the general upbuilding of Cleveland during its more progressive period, being a power in financial circles and had many extensive interests. He was one of the builders and for a number of years treasurer of the Bellefontaine & Indianapolis Railroad, which later became a part of the Big Four system. Henry Wick was married on December 10, 1828, to Mary S. Hine, of Youngstown, Ohio, daughter of Homer Hine, one of the prominent lawyers of Youngstown and Northeastern Ohio. They were married sixty-six years, celebrating their golden wedding anniversary. Mr. Wick was survived by his widow who was then eighty-six years of age, and six children. These six children were : Henrietta Matilda, deceased wife of F. W. Judd ; Alfred H., deceased; Mary Helen, widow of Warren H. Corning; Florence, deceased wife of D. B. Chambers ; Dudley B., subject of this sketch; and Henry C., of Cleveland. Dudley B. Wick enjoyed good educational advantages. He attended Punderson's Private School, the Cleveland public schools and Oberlin College. With patriotic spirit he allowed his educational career to be interrupted by the breaking out of the Civil war. When but a lad he enlisted as a drummer boy in Company D, One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. His regiment was stationed at Fort Saratoga, and later he was transferred to light artillery duty and stationed near Washington, D. C., in defense of the capital. Mr. Wick continued on duty until the close of the war, being honorably discharged and mustered out in 1865. His army service was a prelude to a long and active business life. He became associated in 1865 with his father's bank, Henry Wick & Company, and was for many years it partner in the firm. Mr. Wick built the Wick Block on the Public Square, which was occupied by the bank in 1883. Many old time Clevelanders will also recall the Lyceum Theatre, which was located in the Wick Block. The twelve story Illuminating Building now occupies this site. Mr. Dudley B. Wick was president of the Wick Banking and Trust Company up to 1901, when he retired from active business and the bank was sold to the State Banking and Trust Company. From that time until his death he devoted his time to his extensive private interests. Mr. Dudley B. Wick was one of the organizers of the North Electric Company, and vice president and director of same. He was treasurer of the International Typograph Company, of New York, and president of the Wick Investment Company. Mr. Wick was a very active and influential member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and was CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 561 an untiring worker at all times for the city's best interests. He was also an officer and director of many of the leading institutions of Cleveland. He was a director of the Roadside Club, and a member of the Union Club. He was charitably inclined and did much for the deserving poor of his home city. In any 'particular charitable task to be performed he was often sought to head the movement, because he was ever liberal and obliging with his time and means in his efforts to help humanity and ameliorate the conditions of those whom fortune had favored less. But he always gave in a quiet, unostentatious manner, never to win the plaudits of the public. While a loyal republican, he never consented to hold public office. Some of his happiest associations were with the Old Stone Church, where he was an active member. Mrs. Wick was for several years organist in this church and Mr. Wick sang tenor in the quartette during this period. Of the institutional charities of Cleveland his name is especially associated with Huron Road Hospital of Cleveland. He was chairman of its executive committee for a period of twenty-nine years. Of late years he was a member of the board of trustees. This important institution is one of the oldest of its kind in Ohio and its splendid work was largely due to the commendable efforts of Mr. Wick. Fraternally he was a thirty-second degree Mason, belonging to the Oriental Commandery, Knight Templars and the Scottish Rite Consistory and, judging from his daily life, he lived up to its sublime teachings, and precepts. Dudley B. Wick was fortunate in his domestic life. On July 28, 1875, he married Miss Emma L. Steele, and their married life, existing over forty years, was a happy union of both heart and mind. Mrs. Wick is a member of an old Painsville, Ohio, family, daughter of Horace and Lydia (Blish) Steele. Horace Steele was a very prominent and active business man of Painesville. Mrs. Wick is a talented musician, being exceptionally accomplished as an organist and pianist. Her devotion to her family and home has won for her the highest goal obtainable in the realm of woman, namely, an ideal and exemplary mother and wife. Mrs. Wick's executive *ability and untiring patience have enabled her to accomplish valuable results for her many welfare interests. She has been a member of the Lady Board of Managers of Huron Road Hospital for over twenty-five years and an active worker in Trinity Cathedral, having formerly been the organist there. Mr. and Mrs. Wick's congeniality created a happy atmosphere, not only for those nearest and dearest to them, but for all who enjoyed their warm hospitality. Mr. Wick possessed a wonderful nature, so tender and lovable. No one could come in contact with him in his home life without recognizing his sincere devotion to his family. The union of Mr. and Mrs. Wick was blessed by the birth of the following children: Dudley B., Jr., deceased, Helen Alma and Warren Corning. Dudley B. Wick was summoned to his eternal rest on April 10, 1917, at the age of seventy years, after a constant, successful, useful and honorable life. Dudley Baldwin Wick, Jr.'s, career was made notable by his early achievements and promise of great continued usefulness. He was born at Cleveland July 23, 1876, and died March 1, 1905, before he was thirty years of age. He attended the public schools, University School and Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland. He graduated from Cascadilla School, Ithaca, New York, and completed a special course in telephony at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. As a student he made a brilliant record and was a young man of great promise. He prepared himself for the profession of electrical engineer and it was along that line that his practical energies were concentrated. He had from early youth a strong bent toward scientific pursuits, especially in the direction of electricity. In 1894 he took up a special course in electrical engineering at Case School of Applied Science. Although only eighteen years of age, the surprising results which Dudley B. Wick, Jr., was achieving in his investigations and experiments with X-rays were closely followed and prominently described in the newspapers and electrical and technical publications of the country from 1894 to 1896. In referring to his research work with X-rays and shadowgraphing, the Cleveland World of February 24, 1895, said, "Mr. Wick has made a careful study of the science and probably understands it as thoroughly as any scientist and discusses with the uninitiated the technical details of the subject in a manner which makes this new and extremely technical matter highly instructive and entertaining." He prepared himself for the profession of electrical engineer and in 1899 he became identified with the North Electric Company 562 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS which endears him not only to his social leaving common school at the age of thirteen acquaintances but also to all who are asso- he spent four years in a drawing school and ciated with him in the business world.           also acquired a skillful knowledge of stone carving. His first practical work was done in France in the Department of De Vosges, where he did carving of granite used in the capitol at Brussels, Belgium. After six months there he immigrated to America, worked two months as a granite carver at Pittsburgh, six months at Cleveland and five months at Barry, Vermont, in the great granite quarries of that state. He did granite carving in Westerly, Rhode Island, five months, and then returned to Italy for a visit lasting half a year. On coming back to America he spent six months as a stone carver with John Evans & Company of Boston, four months at Pittsburgh, and was then again in Cleveland working as a stone carver on the Federal building for eleven months. After that there were successive employments at different points, Kansas City, Missouri, three months, at different places in California for a year, and he then returned to Cleveland and engaged in the monument business with his brother Paul under the firm name of Gandola Brothers. In 1913 the business was incorporated with Mr. Gandola as president. This firm does general monumental work and architectural sculpture. The quality and scope of their enterprise can perhaps best he indicated by a few of the buildings for which they have executed stone carving: Utah State Capitol Building, Mormon Church and Administration Building at Salt Lake, City Hall and City Hospital at Cleveland, Wagner Monument at Cleveland, statues of Cain and Abel for the Lake County, Ohio, Courthouse, the South Side High School at Youngstown, the Cleveland Athletic Club, and many other buildings and monuments. Mr. A. D. Gandola married at Cleveland April 23. 1913, Ella Repett. They have one son, Frank, now sixteen months old. Paul G. Gandola, the younger brother. and the competent sculptor of the firm, was horn in North Italy August,•15. 1889. He attended the Italian schools- until he was thirteen, and 662 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of this city. By his tireless energy he speedily worked up from a subordinate position to that of chief of the engineering department. This very responsible position he filled with distinguished success, winning for himself a high place among his business associates and foreshadowing an unusually brilliant career. His technical ability was supplemented by original qualities of mind, and several of his ideas were expressed in devices secured by patent rights. He possessed many social qualities that made him a favorite, and was a finished musician, a master of several instruments, and from early boyhood he gave much of his musical talent to church and charity. His bright, cordial manner, his frank sincerity and his constant thoughtfulness for others were characteristic of him. He was an active member of the Second Presbyterian Church, and was a member of the Euclid Club, Roadside Club, Chamber of Commerce and several electrical engineering societies. June 21, 1904, he married Miss Ruth A. Sutphen, oldest daughter of Rev. Dr. Paul E. Sutphen, pastor of the Second Presbyterian Church of Cleveland. They had one child, Ruth Dudley, born April 11, 1905. The daughter of Dudley B. and Emma (Steele) Wick, Helen Alma Wick, was born November 8, 1880, at Cleveland. She is a graduate of the Hathaway-Brown School of Cleveland and of Miss Hersey's School of Boston. She has a charming personality, a happy nature which imparts sunshine and is gifted with a beautiful soprano voice. She married Charles T. Dukelow, of Boston, Massachusetts, on January 12, 1903. They have four daughters and one son, as follows: Helen, Margaret, Adele, Ruth and Charles Wick, and these attractive children bespeak the devotion of their mother. Their residence is 249 Dean Road, Brookline, Massachusetts. Warren Corning Wick, third of the children of Dudley B. and Emma (Steele) Wick, is one of the younger business men of Cleveland but has demonstrated much of that sterling ability and forcefulness which characterized both his honored father and grandfather. He was born at Cleveland November 23, 1885. His early education was obtained as a student of the University School of Cleveland. from which he graduated in 1906. During his senior year he was business manager of the University School News and Record, was president of the University School Music Clubs, president of the Dramatic Club, man ager of the basket ball team, and secretary of the University School Athletic Association. His fraternity was Delta Phi Delta. From the University School he entered the Sheffield Scientic School of Yale University, and received his degree of Bachelor of Philosophy in 1909. In the enlarged sphere which he entered at Yale his talents and abilities won him scarcely less conspicuous notice. He was a member of the quartet in the Freshman Glee Club of Yale, was a member of the university orchestra, the City Government Club of Yale, was business manager of the Yale Scientific Monthly, on the Class Book Committee, was a member of the Executive Committee of Sheffield Young Men's Christian Association, and is now secretary and treasurer of the Yale Alumni Association of Northern Ohio. His Yale society was "Book and Snake" and his fraternity home was with the Cloister Club. Mr. Wick is unmarried and resides with his mother at 8205 Euclid Avenue. At the close of his university career he returned to Cleveland and spent a little more than a year with the advertising department of the Sherwin-Williams Company. Following that for five years he was advertising manager of the Cleveland Twist Drill Company, after which he assumed larger responsibilities with the Ferro Machine and Foundry Company as export sales manager. After two years in that industry Mr. Wick entered the First National Bank and the First Trust and Savings Company, and since February, 1917, has been manager of the New Business Department for both institutions. He is also secretary and a director of the Wick Investment Company, of which his father was formerly president, and is vice president of the North Electric Company of Galion, Ohio. Many of his activities and interests have conformed to the exigencies of the American nation at war. He was one of the active volunteers in the Liberty Bond campaign, and is treasurer of "Uncle Sam's Salesman." a national organization comprising some of the most effective workers in the various movements to finance war and patriotic activities. Mr. Wick is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, is a member of the Cleveland Advertising Club, University Club, Roadside Club. American Institute of Banking. is a republican in politics and a. member of Trinity Cathedral Church. Mr. Wick's sincere and conscientious nature wins him hosts of friends and he possesses a personality CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 563 which endears him not only to his social acquaintances but also to all who are asso- ciated with him in the business world. CHARLES E. HEATH practically grew up in the automobile industry, has had a wide experience in every department of the business, from the manufacturing to the sales end, and has recently come to Toledo and established one of the leading automobile sales agencies in the city. He was born at Topsham, Vermont, November 18, 1888. Leaving public school at the age of eighteen, he worked a year on a farm, the following year in a grocery store at Bridgeport, Connecticut, and was then employed as a common laborer for the American Tube and Stamping Company. That was the experience which undoubtedly directed him to a permanent line of work. He spent two years in the machine shop of the American Locomobile Company, and then for five years was employed as an expert mechanician by various automobile factories. From the factory he went into the selling department, and has sold different makes of automobiles all over the United States. January 1, 1917, Mr. Heath organized the Heath Motor Company of Cleveland, of which he is vice president and general manager. This company has the agency for the Dort automobile and has recently taken the agency for the Kissel ears and trucks. For both these representative makes they handle all the local agencies in Northeastern Ohio, having about twenty Dort dealers and sixteen Kissel dealers in their territory. For the year 1917 their sales promise an aggregate of about three hundred thousand dollars. The company has a large salesroom with 10,000 square feet of floor space at 6010 Euclid Avenue, and they also maintain a service station at 1861 East Sixty-third Street. Mr. Heath is a member of the Society of Automobile Engineers. Politically he is independent. ATTILIO D. GANDOLA is president of the Gandola Brothers Monument and Architectural Works in Cleveland, a firm of business men and artists whose work is exemplified in a large number of important edifices and imposing monuments throughout the country as well as in and around Cleveland. Mr. Gandola was born in an artistic atmos phere in North Italy September 21, 1884, I son of Frank and Frances Gandola. After leaving common school at the age of thirteen he spent four years in a drawing school and also acquired a skillful knowledge of stone carving. His first practical work was done in France in the Department of De Vosges, where he did carving of granite used in the capitol at Brussels, Belgium. After six months there he immigrated to America, worked two months as a granite carver at Pittsburgh, six months at Cleveland and five months at Barry, Vermont, in the great granite quarries of that state. He did granite carving in Westerly, Rhode Island, five months, and then returned to Italy for a visit lasting half a year. On coming back to America he spent six months as a stone carver with John Evans & Company of Boston, four months at Pittsburgh, and was then again in Cleveland working as a stone carver on the Federal building for eleven months. After that there were successive employments at different points, Kansas City, Missouri, three months, at different places in California for a year, and he then returned to Cleveland and engaged in the monument business with his brother Paul under the firm name of Gandola Brothers. In 1913 the business was incorporated with Mr. Gandola as president. This firm does general monumental work and architectural sculpture. The quality and scope of their enterprise can perhaps best he indicated by a few of the buildings for which they have executed stone carving: Utah State Capitol Building, Mormon Church and Administration Building at Salt Lake, City Hall and City Hospital at Cleveland, Wagner Monument at Cleveland, statues of Cain and Abel for the Lake County, Ohio, Courthouse, the South Side High School at Youngstown, the Cleveland Athletic Club, and many other buildings and monuments. Mr. A. D. Gandola married at Cleveland April 23. 1913, Ella Repett. They have one son. Frank, now sixteen months old. Paul G. Gondola, the younger brother. and the competent sculptor of the firm, was horn in North Italy August 15, 1889. He attended the Italian schools until he was thirteen, and after that an academy in Milan, where be graduated at the age nineteen. With this training he came to Cleveland and joined his brother in the present business. GEORGE W. KAYLER has been active in business affairs at Cleveland for over twenty years, and all that time in the coal business. He is perhaps as well qualified as any other 564 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS man to speak with authority on the many complex features of the coal industry and the coal trade in the city. Mr. Kayler is manager of The Lakeside Fuel Company at East Thirty-eighth Street and Lakeside Avenue. A native of Ohio, he was born at Justus in Stark County, September 29, 1866. The Kayler family a number of generations ago lived in Germany, but during colonial times settled in Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Samuel Kayler, was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1799. He moved from Pennsylvania to northeastern Ohio and in 1831 located in Stark County, where he cleared up and developed a farm from a section of the wilderness. He lived on his farm near Justus until his death in 1872. Christian Kayler, father of George W., was born in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania, in 1822 and was nine years old when his parents removed to Stark County. He grew up and married there, and for many years followed the business of contractor and farmer. His fellow citizens indicated their esteem of his substantial qualities by keeping him in the office of justice of the peace many years. He was a republican and a member of the United Brethren Church. Christian Kayler died in Stark County in 1887. He married Margaret McWhinney. She was born at Justus in Stark County in 1833 and now at the age of eighty-five is living in Canton. She was the mother of eight children : Frances Mary, who died in January, 1916, at Beach City, Ohio, was the wife of A. C. McClintock, who is now living near Wilmot, Ohio, a retired lumberman, land owner and farmer; John D. in the coal business at Rocky River, Ohio; Chester L., a mechanic who died at Navarre, Ohio, in 1908; Ellen, who lives with her mother; Ada, wife of Fred Marchand, a farmer at Massillon, Ohio : George W.; Jessie, wife of William Wanamaker, a real estate broker at Canton; and Esther, wife of Homer Standz of Canton. George W. Kayler spent his boyhood on his father's farm at the Village of Justus and attended public school there, and afterwards finished his literary education in Otterbein University at Westerville, and in 1890 took a course in the Spencerian Business College of Cleveland. After leaving school he spent about five years in the West in the copper mining industry. With this experience he returned to Cleveland in 1896, and has since been a factor in the coal business in the city and for some years has been manager of The Lakeside Fuel Company. Mr. Kayler is a republican voter, a member of the Presbyterian Church, and is affiliated with Forest City Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, with Webb Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Holyrood Commandery Knights Templar and Al Sirat Grotto. In 1898 at Cleveland he married Miss Anna E. Colahan, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Colahan, both now deceased. Her father was for twenty years cashier for the Worthington Company at Cleveland, but finally retired and spent his last days at Austin, Texas. Mr. and Mrs. Kayler have two children : Kenneth W., born October 2, 1899, now completing his education in the Case School of Applied Science; and Donald C., born March 11, 1903, a student in the Commercial High School. WALLACE HUGH CATHCART is best known over the Central West by his long official connection with the Western Reserve Historical Society. Mr. Cathcart was its secretary from 1894 to 1897, president from 1907 to 1913, and is now vice president and a director. To a large extent the advance position of this society is. due to years of untiring zeal he has given to it. He also presents that other rare combination of scholarship and scholarly knowledge of books and all things connected with books joined to a long and successful experience as a bookseller. These two interests are by no means synonynious, and .too often have been mutually exclusive. Mr. Cathcart was born at Elyria, Ohio, April 2, 1865, son of Salmon Hart and Sarah (Chamberlain) Cathcart. He is of remote Scotch ancestry. His first American ancestor was Robert Cathcart, who settled at Martha's Vineyard in the middle of the seventeenth century. Robert married Phoebe Coleman, a granddaughter of Peter Folger of Nantucket and a cousin to Benjamin Franklin. Wallace Hugh Cathcart finished his work in the public schools of Elyria with the class of 1883. Two years before he had utilized his time out of school and holidays by work in a book and stationery house and he gave all his time to that line of business until 1886. Tn the meantime he had come to cherish an ambition for a higher education, and for a professional career as a teacher. In 1886 he entered Denison University, and graduated Bachelor of Science with the class of 1890. From 1887 to 1889 he was librarian of the college library. While at Denison CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 565 he prepared himself for teaching natural sciences, but soon after leaving college a call to the old line of work, book selling, to help out during the rush season in the store of Taylor-Austin Company at Cleveland, led him to take up the work in which his first experience lay and in which he has continued with hardly any interruption to the present time. He served seven years as secretary of the Taylor-Austin Company, and in 1897 bought an interest in the Burrows Brothers Company, becoming its secretary soon afterward. Upon the withdrawal of H. B. Burrows Mr. Cathcart was made general manager of the company, and also vice president. He continued active in that business until quite recently. While engaged in the book business, he was one of the active founders of the American Booksellers and Publishers . Association of America and received the highest honors of that association. Mr. Cathcart is a member of the Bibliographical Society of London, the Ex-Libris Society of London, the American Historical Association, the American. Library Association, and is compiler of the bibliography of Nathaniel Hawthorne published in 1905 by the Rowfant Club of Cleveland. Mr. Cathcart has long been a great believer in the value of wholesome physical recreation, from which he has derived much of his own health and strength. For many years he has been one of the prominent Baptist laymen of Cleveland. He is a trustee of Denison University, and President of the Board of Trustees of the Hungarian Baptist Seminary of Cleveland, and for many years has been a member of the East End Baptist Church. He has served as president of the Cleveland Baptist Mission Society. In politics Mr. Cathcart is a republican. August 8, 1893, he married Miss Florence Holmes of Cleveland. His second marriage occurred February 12, 1918, when Elsie Hamilton Norton of Richmond, Virginia, became his wife. Mr. Cathcart has two children: Genevieve Holmes, wife of Lieutenant Gerald Athey ; and Evelyn Mae.