Cleveland and Its Environs SAMUEL MATHER. When it comes to indicating, however briefly, the results and influences that have proceeded from the presence of the Mather family in Cleveland through almost three quarters of a century, nothing could be more difficult than to attempt an adequate measure, estimate or judgment. Recourse must be had to enumeration rather than description, and statistics instead of interpretation. Under and in Samuel Mather and his father, the late Samuel L. Mather, have been concentrated many of the biggest business and industrial interests not only of Cleveland but of the entire Middle West, not to speak of almost countless relationships with civic movements and organizations, institutions and other concerns that sum up and express the best life and feeling of the community. The Mathers have been identified, at least financially, with the history of the Western Reserve from the time of the Connecticut Land Company. The family name is suggestive of the finest old traditions of New England. It is only appropriate by way of introduction to indicate some of the earlier branches of the family in the respective generations. A number of Mathers are still found in England and Scotland, and nearly all those bearing the name in America are descended from Rev. Richard Mather, who was born at Lowton, Lancashire, England, in 1596 and arrived at Boston, Massachusetts, August 17, 1635. In 1636 he was installed as the beloved pastor of the church in Dorchester, Massachusetts, and died there in 1669. His son, Rev. Dr. Increase Mather, was the first native born president of Harvard College, while a son of Increase Mather, Rev. Dr. Cotton Mather, a graduate of Harvard, was senior pastor of the old North Church in Boston and became one of the greatest divines America has ever produced. However, that branch of the family ceased with Samuel Mather, a grandson of Cotton Mather. oing back to Rev. Richard Mather, he was twice married, his first wife being Catherine Holt, who was the mother of his six children, while his second wife was Sarah Cotton, widow of the noted Rev. John Cotton. Pursuing that branch of the family genealogy which leads to the Cleveland family, the second generation was represented by Timothy Mather, who was one of the founders of Yale College and who married Catherine Atherton and for his second wife Elizabeth Weeks. Richard Mather, a son of the first marriage, with his two brothers, Rev. Samuel, who located at Windsor, Connecticut, and Atherton, who settled at Suffield, Connecticut, became the ancestors of practically all in the United States today who are descended from the New England Mathers. Richard Mather lived at Lyme, New London County, Connecticut, where he died in 1688. His son Samuel, also of Lyme, married Deborah Champion. The fifth generation was represented by Richard, who married Deborah Ely and lived at Lyme, Connecticut. Their son Samuel was a prominent man in Connecticut, and a member of the Connecticut Land Company. He married Lois Griswold. Samuel Mather of the seventh generation, son of Samuel and Lois, was born in Lyme, Connecticut, in 1771, and after graduating from Yale College made a journey through the wilderness of the Western Reserve to inspect lands held by his father and other members of the Connecticut Land Company. On returning East he settled at Albany, New York, but finally located at Middletown, Connecticut, where he died April 16, 1854. He married Catherine Livingston, of a prominent New York family. Of their nine children the oldest, Maria, married Maj. Gen. J. K. F. Mansfield of Middletown, Connecticut, who was mortally wounded at the battle of Antietam, in 1862. Samuel Livingston Mather of the eighth generation, son of Samuel and Catherine (Liv- - 1 - 2 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ingston) Mather, was born at Middletown, Connecticut, July 1, 1817. In 1835 he graduated as a member of the first class from Wesleyan University at Middletown. He became associated in business with his father, for several years was a business man in New York City, and during that time made two voyages to Europe. It was in 1843 that Samuel L. Mather came to Cleveland to look after the sale of lands owned by his father and other eastern men in the Western Reserve. Soon after coming to Cleveland he was admitted to the bar but never praticed the law as a profession. His attention was early attracted to the iron ore discoveries in the Lake Superior region. He has been credited, and with the greatest justice, as being largely responsible for interesting Cleveland capital in those ore regions, and in opening the way and laying the foundation for the establishment of Cleveland as a great iron manufacturing center. In 1853 he was one of the incorporators of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, which mined and transported the first cargo of Lake Superior ore to Take Erie. He was one of the first directors and the first secretary and treasurer of the company, offices he held until 1869, and was then elected president and treasurer, and remained the honored administrative head of this corporation until his death. It is not possible here to consider the power and prestige of the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, but it is only just to say that more than any other single business organization it created Cleveland's prosperity so far as that prosperity has depended during the past half century upon the iron industry. Samuel L. Mather had a longer and more active identification with the Lake Superior iron ore interests than any man of his time. He was an executive officer in a large number of iron and steel and general industrial organizations. Among others he was secretary and manager of the Marquette Iron Company, a director of the Bancroft Iron Company, president of the Cleveland Boiler Plate Company, president of the American Iron Mining Company, president of the McComber Iron Company and at various times a director in other companies engaged in the mining of ore and the manufacture of iron. From 1878 for over ten years he was a director of the New York. Pennsylvania and Ohio Railway Company. He was one of the original board of directors of the Merchants National Bank of Cleveland, and succeeded as a director in its successor institu tion, the Mercantile National Bank. He was a director in several insurante companies and a number of industrial enterprises. Of his business and personal character the following estimate has been made: "As a business man he was one of the very foremost of his time in this city. While cautious, conservative and careful, he yet possessed a will to decide and the courage to venture where favoring opportunity led the way. Until his last illness he was actively engaged with business duties, his opinions constituting a forceful factor in the successful management of many important concerns. His reputation for honesty and fair-mindedness was of the highest and his life's record is without a stain. While he won notable success, his path was never strewn with the wreck of other men's fortunes, nor did his own prosperity cause others to lose in the game of life. Personally Mr. Mather was a man of medium height, erect and portly. He was a gentleman of education and refinement, who had a keen sense of humor and displayed a never failing cheerfulness and mirth, rendering his society a constant pleasure to his friends and associates. In his friendships he was warm, generous and staunch. If his confidence was once gained those who won it could always rely upon his loyalty." It is not surprising that he never entered politics, though few men could exercise a larger influence upon those matters which politics is supposed to conserve. Samuel Livingston Mather died October 8, 1890. He was laid to rest in Lake View Cemetery at Cleveland. One of the strongest interests and attachments of his life is indicated in the following sentences quoted from the Cleveland Leader: "The chimes of Trinity Cathedral did not play at the usual hour of service last evening, but a single bell tolled out the requiem for a departed soul. Samuel L. Mather, senior warden of the parish, died at 3 P. M. yesterday after a brief illness. The quiet manliness with which he met all the issues of life did not forsake him when he entered the valley of the shadow of death. Of him it may be written as another has said : `I am now ready to be offered and the time of my departure is at hand. I have fought a good fight, I have finished my course, I have kept the faith.' The Episcopal Church in the Diocese of Ohio was the interest that outside the ties of affection lay nearest his heart. Among his last commissions were his pledges to the support of the episcopate and the care of the missionaries. Within the parish he was CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS- 3 a liberal giver and a faithful attendant upon divine service. For thirty-eight years he had served as vestryman and warden, and was alike the loyal friend of the clergy and faithful representative of the people. The world will never know the extent of his private and personal charities, and many there are who will rise up and call him blessed. To unassuming modesty were added tbose sterling qualities which go to make a 'man known and revered of all men' and as thoroughly respected as he Was widely known." September 24, 1850, Samuel L. Mather married Georgiana Pomeroy Woolson, daughter of Charles Jarvis Woolson of Cleveland. At her death November 2, 1853, she )eft two children, Samuel and Katberine Livingston, both residents of Cleveland. June 11, 1856, Samuel L. Mother married Elizabeth Gwinn, daughter of William R. Gwinn of Buffalo, New York. To this marriage was born one son, William Gwinn, born September 22, 1857, now a resident of Cleveland. Samuel Mather, son of Samuel L. Mather by his first wife, represents the ninth generation of the American family of Mathers. He was born at Cleveland July 13, 1851. He was educated in Cleveland public schools and St. Mark's School of Southborough and from school he at once entered into those business responsibilities which were in a measure already awaiting bim at home. At no time in an active career of forty years has Samuel Mather figured as the son and inheritor of great wealth. His individual ability and great energy would have carved him a high place in business affairs had he never inherited anything from his worthy ancestors beyond their solid character and integrity. His thorough apprenticeship, his varied and successful experience in business life, made him an exceedingly worthy successor to his honored father when at the latter's death exceptionally heavy business burdens were transferred to his shoulders. At that time he became and has since remained senior member of the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, miners and dealers in iron ore and coal and manufacturers of pig iron, one of the greatest firms of its kind in America. But tbat is only the beginning of the record of his numerous connections as director or stockholder with financial and industrial corporations. Among the two dozen or more corporations in which he is a director are the following: United States Steel Corporation, Cleveland Cliffs Iron Company of West Virginia, Inter- lake Steamship Company, American Ship Building Company and Union Commerce National Bank. Such an enumeration of official connections is important as furnishing some measure of conception of the enormous burden of responsibility that rests upon the really great figures in American business and industrial life today. And it is characteristic that with all the multiplicity of these business interests he apparently has more time than many lesser men to respond to those calls and demands made by good citizenship, charity and other institutions. Cleveland has long recognized him as one of its most generous and public spirited citizens and one whose civic helpfulness it would not be easy to overestimate. he has served as a member of the executive committee of the National Civic Federation, is a member of the central committee of the American Red Cross Society, and is also a trustee of the Carnegie Peace Commission. Mr. Mather has been for many years president of Lakeside Hospital, has been president of the Children's Aid Society, president and treasurer of the Home for Aged Women, vice president of the University School, a director of the Floating Bethel and City Mission, a director of the Cleveland Museum of Art, chairman of the Hanna Monument Association, a trustee of the Western Reserve University, of Adelbert College, the Hiram House, Goodrich House, Kenyon College and the Case Library Association. He is also senior warden of Trinity Episcopal Parish. One point it seems important to emphasize. All of these varied connections he has never looked upon merely as honors worthily bestowed, but as opportunities for true usefulness and philanthropy, and to discharge those duties wbich are always combined with the stewardship of wealth and high position. While his personal gifts and benefactions are known to have been extremely extensive, the record of them is not for the public and it is only his closer friends who could speak with anything like approximation of the scope of his charity. On October 19, 1881, Mr. Mather married Miss Flora A. Stone, youngest daughter of Amasa Stone, who was another of Cleveland's great business men and civic characters. Mr. and Mrs. Mather had four children, Samuel Livingston, Amasa Stone, Constance and Philip Richard. Mrs. Mather died at Cleveland January 19, 1909. Her character and her interests out- 4 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS side of her home are perhaps best indicated, so far as can be indicated, through some of the tributes paid to her by other prominent women of Cleveland at the time of her death. "There has never been such another woman in Cleveland and there never will be," said Mrs. M. E. Rawson, president of the Day Nursery and Free Kindergarten Society. "There is not a philanthropic organization in the city that will not feel her loss deeply." One of her chief continuing interests for many years was the Home for Aged Women, given years ago by her father, Amasa Stone. Miss Mary E. Ingersoll, for many years president of the Non Partisan Women's Christian Temperance Union, said : "I first knew her when she was a little girl and later when she was one of the pupils of Miss Guilford's School, where she graduated. Always the same quiet, retiring, unselfish disposition, she was one of the finest types of Christian womanhood I have ever known." Mrs. Mather personally gave to the College for Women of Western Reserve University Guilford House and Hayden Hall. President Charles F. Thwing of Western Reserve University said : "Mrs. Mather's wisdom was as great as her generosity. With every gift she gave herself." Another monument to her interest in social affairs was Goodrich House. She was long an active member of the Old Stone Church, and her funeral was preached within its walls. CHARLES HAWLEY OLDS came to Cleveland in 1890, has been a member of the bar for a quarter of a century, and is regarded as one of the best and most capable attorneys of the city, member of the firm Turney, Olds & Sipe. handling the business of many important corporations and doing an extensive volume of general practice. The firm occupies extensive quarters in the Engineers Building, and besides the three constituent partners there are seven other attorneys associated with the firm. Mr. Olds was horn at Jefferson. Ohio, November 4. 1865, a son of Rev. Abner D. and Adeliza (Hawley) Olds. The old home at Jefferson where he was horn has been in the Hawley family for more than 100 years. In all that time no mortgage has ever been recorded against it. and five generations of the Hawleys have lived there, including the first occupants, great-grandfather and great-grandmother Hawley. The present occupant is Theodore Hawley, an uncle of the Cleveland lawyer. Mr. Olds has in his possession a compilation of the genealogies of both the Olds and Hawley families. In the paternal line his ancestry goes back to the year 1022, while the Hawleys' record is traced to the date of the Norman conquest of England, 1066. Mr. Olds' father, Rev. Abner D. Olds, was born on the day that the battle of New Orleans was fought, January 5, 1815, and lived to be past eighty-two, dying in 1897. He fought as a soldier in the Civil war, while his father Jeremiah was a participant in the War of 1812 and his grandfather James Olds, great-grandfather of Charles H., was a captain in the Revolution. Mr. Olds' mother died at Oberlin, Ohio, in 1890, at the age of sixty. Charles H. Olds received his early education at Oberlin, graduating from the high school in 1885, from the preparatory department of Oberlin College in 1886, and then took the regular classical course of Oberlin which bestowed upon him the degree A. B. in 1890. Leaving college he came to Cleveland and began the study of law in the offices of Smith & Blake, and was admitted to practice in 1892. While Mr. Olds has been content with the solid achievements of the law and the handling of a large and varied practice, he has at different times served the public, largely through his profession. From 1909 to 1913 he was first assistant prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County under John A. Cline, and while in that office he took a more active part in politics than either before or since, making campaign speeches in behalf of the republican organization every fall. During 1897-99 he was a member of the council of Glenville, since absorbed into the larger City of Cleveland. Mr. Olds is now chairman of Local Exemption Board No. 18 of Cleveland, being appointed in July, 1917. The present law firm of Turney, Olds & Sipe was formed on May 1, 1916. Mr. Olds owns a farm of 131 acres in Strongsville Township below Berea on the electric line, and also accessible to the city by a paved highway. He has begun the development of this as a modern fruit farm. and it now has 1,000 young fruit trees. Mr. Olds and family reside at Villa Beach on the Lake Shore Boulevard. He has been very active in the Colonial Club, which he served as secretary for six years, was president from April, 1915. to April. 1916, and is now on its advisory committee. Ile is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Civic League, the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 5 Tippecanoe Club, the Western Reserve Club, and with his wife is a member of the Windermere Presbyterian Church. Fraternally he is affiliated with Woodward Lodge, Free & Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Cleveland Council, Royal & Select Masters, and with the Knights of Pythias. One of his active interests and no doubt the source of his good health, has been his annual recreation trip for camping, fishing and hunting in distant wilds. He has frequently made journeys of 1,000 miles in pursuit of his favorite sport and he is a member and director of Norton B. Fishing Club, located on a fifty-acre island in the Canadian waters twelve miles north of Put-in-Bay. At Elgin, Illinois, .June 29. 1893, Mr. Olds married Miss Eugenia J. Kincaid of Elgin. Mrs. Olds in the maternal line is a great-great-granddaughter of the noted Roger Williams, founder of Rhode Island and Providence plantations. Her ancestry to this noted American runs back through seven generations. Mr. and. Mrs. Olds have one daughter, Florence Eugenia, who was born at Cleveland, was educated in the Laurel School and in 1913 graduated from the high school at Ashland, Oregon. On January 1, 1918, she married Mr. John LaGatta. formerly of New York City, but now of Philadelphia. CHARLES ROSENBLATT, who has mounted rapidly in the scale of success as a Cleveland lawyer, has been in active practice for eleven years and is now attending to his private clientage with offices in the Engineers Building. Mr. Rosenblatt was born in Cleveland June 1, 1884, and is member of an old and prominent Jewish family of the city. His parents, Alexander and Sarah (Simon) Rosenblatt, have lived in Cleveland for over fifty-five years and were married in the city. The grandfather, Moses Rosenblatt, was one of the first prominent Jewish settlers in Cleveland. Moses Rosenblatt built the first Orthodox Synagogue in the city. He passed away when more than ninety-years of age in April. 1914, his wife having died in the previous fall. Alexander Rosenblatt and wife had twelve children, and eleven of them are still living, three sons and eight daughters. The oldest of the children. Charles Rosenblatt, grew up and received his education in Cleveland, graduating from the Central High School in 1902. He then entered the Ohio State University at Columbus, corn- pleting the classical course with the degree A. B. in 1905 and was awarded the LL. B. degree in 1906. In university he was distinguished as a hard working student and enjoyed a high standing both in his scholastic activities and in the student body. Admitted to the Ohio bar in June, 1906, Mr. Rosenblatt began practice at Cleveland in the following September. He entered upon a partnership with Alexander Bernstein, now director of public service of Cleveland. They practiced as Bernstein & Rosenblatt until 1911, since which time Mr. Rosenblatt has controlled a general practice of his own. In 1911 he served as attorney for the finance department of the city under Hyland B. Wright, who then occupied the office of city .auditor, a position now called finance director. Mr. Rosenblatt is an active figure in the republican party of Cleveland. He is affiliated with Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Free & Accepted Masons, with the Knights of Pythias, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the B'nai B'rith. He is a member of the City Club, the Cleveland Bar Association, and the Ohio State Bar Association and worships in the Euclid Avenue Temple. His chief recreation is as a baseball fan. Mr. Rosenblatt and family reside at 1087 East Ninety-seventh street. He married at San Francisco, California, May 5, 1912, Reva Falk of that city. She is a (laughter of Rev. David Falk, who is now living retired at San Francisco. Mrs. Rosenblatt was born in New York City and was educated there. Since coming to Cleveland as a bride she has become very active and prominent in social and philanthropical affairs, giving much of her time to social settlement, Red Cross and other matters. They have two children, both born at Cleveland, named Bertine May and Myra Jane. WILLIAM PENDLETON PALMER has for many years heen a prominent figure in the iron and steel industry of America. has been closely associated with the leaders of the business and is himself an executive officer in several of the largest companies in that field in addition to carrying many other business and civic responsibilities in his home City of Cleveland. Mr. Palmer was born in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. June 17. 1861, a son of James Stewart and Eleanor Pendleton (Mason) Palmer. He grew up at Pittsburg. graduating from the Central High School of that city in 1878. From early life he was associated with the 6 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS industries which have made Pittsburg famous, and in 1887. became secretary of Carnegie, 'hipps & Company and acted as general sales gent for that company from 1888 to 1894. during 1894-96 Mr. Palmer was assistant to he president of the Carnegie Steel Company. Mr. Palmer was second vice president of The Illinois Steel Company in 1896-98, and mince 1899 has been general manager and president of The American Steel and Wire company. He is also president of The Trenton Iron Company, of The Newburg & South Shore Railroad Company and The American Mining Company. As a director he has various other interests that take much of his time. Ile is director of The Bank of Cornmerce, of National Association, of The Cleveland Trust Company, The H. C. Frick Coke Company, and The Chicago, Lake Shore & South Bend Railway Company. He is a trustee of the Lakeside Hospital, of the Case Library of Oberlin College, is president and trustee of The Western Reserve Historical Society, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, The American Society of Civil Engineers, and Engineers' Society of Western Pennsylvania. He is a republican, an Episcopalian, and belongs to the Union, the Rowfant, the Country, the Tavern, the Euclid, the Mayfield Country, and the Chagrin Valley Hunt clubs of Cleveland, the Pittsburg and Duquesne clubs of Pittsburg and the Chicago Club of Chicago. He also has membership in the Engineers' Club and the India House of New York City. Mr. Palmer married at Chicago, Illinois, August 24, 1894, Mrs. Mary Boleyn Adams. FREDERICK W. PETERS is founder and active manager of The Peters Machine and Manufacturing Company, one of the larger conerns that make up the total output of the Cleveland district in the manufacture of auto. mobile parts and appliances. Mr. Peters is an experienced mechanical engineer and wain identified with a number of different concerns at Cleveland before he established a busbies of his own. While his home has been at Cleveland since, infancy he was born in Berne, Switzerland February 10, 1877, son of Frederick and Eliza beth (Afoltei) Peters. His father, who wa one of the early consulting engineers of Cleveland, was born at Berne March 24, 1833. H was educated as a mechanical engineer in th University of Geneva, and after practicing his profession in the old country for son] ears came to Cleveland in 1879, and had uilt up a large clientage as a consulting en. ineer before his death, which occurred February 2, 1886. He was the father of five children. Frederick W. Peters was only nine years id when his father died and his education in the public schools was continued only three years longer. Later while working for his living he pursued a course in mechanical engineering with the International Correspondence School, and thus his abilities are properly balanced between the practical and the theoretical. On leaving school he worked as an apprentice machinist four years with the Roger Linotype Company, following which he spent a year as foreman in the Adams Bagnall Electrical Company, and for five years was with the Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company, in charge of the controller department. From the Westinghouse concern he went with the Long Arm System Company, at first in the experimental department and later as general foreman and finally as superintendent of the plant. In 1905 Mr. Peters determined to utilize his experience and such capital as he could command in a business of his own. He established the Peters Machine & Manufacturing Company. He was able to hire only one man to help him and for a time all their business was transacted in a small room about 60 by 80 feet dimensions in the Whitney Power Block. By 1908 the business had made sufficient progress to justify incorporation, at which time T. J. Smith became president of the company, Mr. Peters vice president and manager, and J. H. Wills, secretary and treasurer. Then followed other years of growth and development, and finally the company erected a complete modern factory of its own at 7320 Madison Avenue, to which the business was moved in July, 1915. This factory has 60,000 square feet of floor space and 150 men are on the payroll. The product by which this business has become widely known to the automobile trade are automobile parts, steering gear, clutches, transmissions, gear sets, and they also specialize in and are the sole manufacturers and patentees of the "Switzer Universal" for automobiles. They are also licensed manufacturers of "Vikin Oil Pumps" for combustion engines of all descriptions. Mr. Peters is a member of the Society of Automotive Engineers, of the Automobile Club, the West Park Business Men's Associat- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 7 ion, and is Affiliated with Ellsworth Lodge, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, Hillman Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and the Woodmen of the World. He and his family are members of the First Presbyterian Church and in politics he is a republican. September 23, 1902, Mr. Peters married at Cleveland Miss Elizabeth Renz. They have two children, Frederick, and Roland, both pupils in the public schools. NATHAN POST was one of the early figures in the early industrial history of Cleveland, a man of genius, a practical inventor, manufacturer, and altogether a citizen whose usefulness and worth were widely recognized. He was of New England lineage and ancestry and was born at Burlington, Vermont, June 17, 1800. While partaking of the advantages afforded by the limited schools of his day he learned the harness-making trade and became a very skilled workman. While ordinarily this trade is not one that offers big opportunities in the world of business, Nathan Post used his experience as a means of developing many useful inventions. He devised new types of harness, stirrups, buckles, bits, and in the course of time had almost revolutionized harness manufacture. From Vermont he moved to Madrid, New York, later to Ogdensburg in that state, and in all these places followed his trade. At Ogdensburg he married Laura Jane Lord, and all his children were born there. Finally in order to give his children better advantages in school he moved to Kirtland, Ohio, where his wife's brother, Dr. A. D. Lord, conducted one of the noble seminaries which supplied superior advantages to the youth of Ohio in the early half of the last century. Doctor Lord was one of the prominent early educators of Ohio and did a constructive work in organizing the public school system of the state. While at Kirtland Nathan Poet continued his work in developing various inventions, and from there in 1848 moved to Cleveland, where he set up a harness shop. He soon afterwards established the first malleable iron foundry in Cleveland, for the express purpose of manufacturing his inventions. About that time he turned the responsibilities of his harness business over to his son Nathan Lord Poet, and he himself began extensive travels over the country selling his inventions. He was active in business affairs practically to the time of his death, which occurred on May 10, 1869. He was one of the earliest members of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church, and in politics was a republican. He and his wife Laura had nine children, two of whom are now living, Charles A. of New York City, and James R. of Cleveland. Nathan Lord Post above referred to also developed inventive genius, being the first to patent and use the wire coil for stove handles and other stove equipment, such as stove doors, furnace doors, etc. Afterwards this Nathan Lord Post and his son William Dawes Post were associated with Charles A. Post in the management of the East End Bank and its branches. Charles A. Post was born at Cleveland October 28, 1848. At the age of sixteen, leaving public school, he went to work in a general store as a clerk and for several years was also assistant postmaster at East Cleveland. He afterward was with Everett-Wedell & Co., private bankers, as bookkeeper and teller. In 1883 he removed to New York City where for several years he dealt in electrical goods. Returning to Cleveland in 1886 he helped organize the East End Savings Bank, was its secretary and treasurer, and later became its vice president and manager. In 1905 he resigned to become president of the Dime Savings & Banking Company, which in 1907 was merged with the Commercial Trust Company. About that time Mr. Post went to Los Angeles, where for some years he was in the real estate and brokerage business, but since 1914 has resided in New York City, where he continues in the brokerage business. Until he left Cleveland in 1907, Charles A. Post was active and had responsible interests in many business affairs. He was treasurer of the Euclid Club Company, treasurer of the Cleveland, Painesville & Eastern Railway Company, a director of the Maple Leaf Land Company, president and treasurer of the General Cartage & Storage Company, vice president of the Audit Company, director of the H. C. Tack Company, was an organizer and treasurer of the Dow Chemical Company of Michigan, secretary and treasurer of the Morrison Realty Company, a stockholder in the Cleveland Trust Company, director of the Diamond Portland Cement Company, treasurer of the Union Savings & Loan Company, treasurer of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Railway Company. He was also president of the Rowfant Club Company. and is still a member of Woodward Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons, and Baker Chapter, Royal Arch Masons. In New York City he is a member of the City Club. 8 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Politically he is a republican. Charles A. Post has never married. James R. Post, a son of the late. Nathan Post, has spent practically all his life in Cleveland and has also gained a substantial position in business affairs. He was born in Cleveland June 4, 1852, and was educated in the public schools until he was seventeen years of age. Following that he worked as a clerk for Root & McBride Company, wholesale dry goods merchants, and was in the various departments of the concern until he was made buyer in the leather goods and corsets departments. After a long period of service for the company he resigned in May, 1916, and has since. conducted brokerage and real estate business with office in the Hippodrome Building. Mr. Post is a deacon of the Euclid Avenue Congregational Church, a member of the City Club, and in politics is a republican. On January 1, 1879, at Manchester, Iowa. he married Miss May A. Rowe. They are the parents of one daughter, Bessie May now wife of George F. Russell of Cleveland. CHARLES M. EBERLING has had a very active career in Cleveland industrial circles, was formerly a stone contractor, later a manufacturer, and has developed a number of very important inventions that have served somewhat to lighten the burdens of the world and improve its mechanical efficiency. Mr. Eberling was born at Dover, Ohio. June 27, 1876. his father, John R. Eberling, born in Germany in 1843, was brought to the United States by his parents in 1851. The family located at Avon, Ohio, and there he grew up and received a public school education. In 1861 at the age of eighteen he entered the Sixth Ohio Cavalry and served for a time under Phil Sheridan. Later he was a corporal in the Engineering Corps. Following the war he returned to Avon and followed the carpenter trade four years and then removed to Cleveland. Here he engaged in the grocery business at Lake and Water streets four years, then returning to Dover conducted a general merchandise establishment until 1877. In that year he traded his store for a farm nearby and gave his time and energies to the peaceful vocation of agriculture until his death in 1902. At Avon he married Mary Eichhorn, and they became the parents of twelve children. Charles M. Eberling spent most of his early life on his father's farm. he had only a public school education, concluded when he was sixteen years old, and then spent 1 1/2 years learning the stone mason trade. Coming to Cleveland, he worked as a journeyman stone mason and bricklayer for Ezra Nicholson one year, and then was employed by another local contractor, John Hatter. Having considerable experience and business initiative of his own he then engaged in stone mason and contracting for himself. In this work he filled a number of important contracts in and around Cleveland, including the contract for St. Philomena School, East Cleveland, the parochial school at Ridgeville, Ohio, the Ednor Block, the Avalon Building, and numerous apartments, flats, business blocks, factories and residences in the Cleveland District. In 1910 Mr. Eberling gave up contracting in order to develop some of his inventions. The chief of these was a cement tile press machine. On the basis of the invention he organized the Eberling Machinery Company, and was president and active head until 1915. At that time the business was reorganized and since then Mr. Eberling has served as its chief engineer. In 1915 the company erected a large plant at Detroit, and this plant is now turning out 40,000 cement blocks daily. However, Mr. Eberling spends most of his time in his laboratory at the rear of his home in Cleveland. Here he is developing new ideas. One of his latest inventions is a bag bundling and counting machine for handling empty cement and plaster sacks. Another machine that he has developed is for the manufacture of partition tile. This tile, made from what has hitherto been refuse material, takes the place of wood laths in interior walls, and demonstration has proved them far superior in every respect to the wooden laths. At this writing Mr. Eberling is completing an invention of a valve for wash trays. The important feature of this is that the stopper is operated from below the tray, constituting an obvious improvement over old style stoppers. Still another output of his genius should be mentioned. in a sack tying machine, by Which a sack full of material is tied automatically. Mr. Eberling is affiliated with the Grand Fraternity and Knights of Pythias. and in politics is independent. On June 1. 1900, at Cleveland, he married Ida Clara Neubecker. They have one child, Ruth M. now a student in high school. HARRY H. HOARD'S most forceful talent is salesmanship. He began life as a school teacher, but was soon draWn into commercial fields and made an enviable record as a sales- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 9 man for a large publishing house until he entered insurance, and it is as an insurance man that he has been identified with Cleveland. Mr. Hoard was born in Wyoming County, New York, March 14, 1875, a son of Irving W. and Mary (Herald) Hoard. He attended local district schools, and at the age of sixteen on account of an accident left the high school at East Aurora, New York and later was a student in the Genesee Wesleyan Seminary, formerly the Genesee College, a well known old institution of New York State. With this training he began teaching, and put in five years in the schools at Folsomdale, and Sheldon, New York. Whether it was a result of his personal initiative or by one of those chances which occur in the human destiny, it was at any rate fortunate when Mr. Hoard formed a connection with the National Publishing Company of Boston as sales manager. He was with this concern 31/2 years and did business all over the United States and Canada, having an office at Montreal as well as one in the States. Leaving the publishing house Mr. Hoard entered the general insurance and investment business at North Tonawanda and Buffalo, New York, but in 1906 came to Cleveland and has since been underwriting life, fire, casualty and automobile insurance. He has the agency for Northern Ohio of the National Casualty Company of Detroit and the State Life Insurance Company of Indiana. Mr. Hoard is past president of the Cleveland Casualty Conference, a member of the Cleveland Life Insurance Underwriters, of the Cleveland Fire Insurance Exchange, and is on the executive committee of the Ohio State Insurance Federation. Fraternally he is affiliated with Lakewood Lodge No. 601. Free and Accepted Masons, is past. high priest of Cunningham Chapter No. 187, Royal Arch Masons, and is present monarch of Al Sirat Grotto No. 17 of Master Masons. Among his ancestors was a man who bore arms in the patriot cause during the Revolution, and that Rives him membership in the Sons of the American Revolution. He also belongs to the Kiawanis Club, the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce, and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, also Cleveland Yacht Club, the Lakewood Presbyterian Church and in politics is a republican. At East Aurora, New York, September 15, 1900, Mr. Hoard married Alice M. McCray. She died in March, 1914, leaving one child, Ruth, now a student in the Lakewood High School. IRA C. FARLEY. With reasonable certainty it may be stated that in every large city will be found men and business firms which may be called thoroughly representative, in that they typify the sound and honorable commercial policies which are the foundation stones of trade and the perpetuation of human relations therein. Naturally their activities diverge in many directions, the fields of usefulness and opportunity being wide, and the worth of such solid men and organizations, is the stabilizing quality that spells a community's permanent prosperity. Prominent among such firms at Cleveland, is the Davis and Farley Company, the leader in the line of insurance, of which Ira C. Farley is both vice president and treasurer. Ira C. Farley was horn at Chelsea, in Suffolk County, Massachusetts, May 12, 1871. His parents were Thomas Swasey and Anna (Chaver) Farley, both of whom were natives also of Chelsea. In 1872 they came to Cleveland and here Ira C. secured his education in the grade and high schools, putting aside his books but by no means feeling his period of real schooling was over, at the age of sixteen years. Mr. Farley has been a close student ever since and the lessons he has learned in the great school of experience have been exceedingly valuable, giving him a necessary knowledge of men and affairs and the wide vision and clear judgment that has made him a successful business man. His business career began as a clerk in the wholesale grocery house of the Babcock-Howard Company, at Cleveland, and there, for two years, he learned business methods while satisfactorily performing the duties of his position, deciding then that merchandising was not his choice of vocation. In the meanwhile Mr. Farley had become interested in the business of insurance and embarked in this line on his own responsibility and continued until 1896, when circumstances so shaped themselves that his activities were transferred to the West Indian Islands, where he became a member of the staff of Gen. Antonio Maceo, in the Cuban army and remained throughout that period of conflict with Spain. Upon his return to Cleveland, Mr. Farley reentered the insurance business and pushed his enterprise forward with renewed vigor and success. In 1906 he entered into partnership 10 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS with E. W. Davis, under the style of Davis and Farley, general insurance, and the business continued under this caption until 1915, when it was incorporated as the Davis and Farley Company, Mr. Davis becoming president and Mr. Farley assuming the duties of vice president and treasurer. This company handles life, fire and accident insurance and enjoys such wide confidence that it has become the leading insurance combination in this city. It is soundly financed and the old line companies it represents stand first in the in surance field. Mr. Farley has always been identified politically with the republican party and in many ways has been an active and useful citizen. In the matter of accepting public office, he has been somewhat backward, but did serve as city clerk of Glenville before that suburb became a part of Cleveland. He is a Mason of high degree in both Scottish and York rites, is member of Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and his social connections include such organizations as the New England Society, the Ohio Society of New York, the Cleveland Athletic and the Willowick Country clubs. Mr. Farley is a member of the North Presbyterian Church. Mr. Farley may almost be claimed as a native son of Cleveland and for his city he has always felt pride and affection and at no time in his career has he failed to further her interests; do his best to add to her fair fame. CARLTON FERDINAND SCHULTZ is junior partner of Schultz & Schultz, attorneys and counselors, with offices in the Engineers Building. At the present writing he has active charge of all the business of the firm, since his older brother, Malvern E. Schultz, is absent attending the officers' training camp. Two other men are associated with the firm, Carl S. Bechberger and W. E. Miller. The Schultz family was early established in Cleveland by his grandfather, Ferdinand Emil Schultz, who with his wife came from Germany. Grandfather Schultz was a cabinet maker and was one of the early followers of that trade and also in the furniture business, his store being at the corner of Third and St. Clair streets. The late Emil F. Schultz, father of the Cleveland lawyers, was born in Cleveland, but died at Elyria, Ohio, December 17, 1915, at the age of fifty-seven. He was for about eighteen years connected with the Murphy Varnish Company at Newark. New Jersey, and for six years was manager of their plant at Cleveland. He retired from business about seven years before his death, and had moved to Elyria only a few months before he passed away. He married Edith U. Crisp, who was born at Elyria, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. William Crisp, who came from England and were pioneers in Avon Township of Lorain County. They subsequently moved to Elyria, where they died. William Crisp was a carriage manufacturer, and the business in Elyria was conducted under the name Crisp & Benson. Willnun Crisp died as the result of an accident when about sixty-eight years of age, and his widow is still living at Elyria, at tne age of eighty. Airs. Edith Crisp Schultz still has her home in Elyria. She is the mother of three sons: Malvern E., senior partner of Schultz & Schultz, but since May 1917, has been attending the officers' reserve training camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison in Indiana. The second in age is Carlton F., and the third is Stanley C., who gave up his work in the literary course of Western .ute.serve University to attend the officers' training camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison. His purpose is also to become a lawyer. The sons were all born in Elyria. Carlton F. Schultz was born in Elyria July 24, 1888, was educated in the public schools, graduating from the Elyria High School in 1907. For two years he was a student in the literary department of the University of Michigan, but took his law course in the Franklin '1'. Backus Law School of Western Reserve University, where he attained the degree LL. B. in 1911 and was admitted to the Ohio bar inJune of the same year. In 1912 he was admitted to practice in the United States District Court. Mr. Schultz began private practice at Cleveland in October, 1911, and in February of the following year joined his older brother, who had previously opened an office, thus making the firm Schultz & Schultz. They handle a large general practice, but each is individually equipped for specialization in the law work. After America entered the European war the three brothers agreed among themselves that Carlton, being the only one married and with family responsibilities, should remain in charge of the law business, while the two others should prepare for commissions in the army. All of them are strongly patriotic Americans. Mr. Carlton F. Schultz is vice president of the Hickok Electrical Instrument Company of Cleveland, and is secretary of the Rockwell Building Company, the Superior Amusement CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 11 Company, the Wade Park Building Company and is interested in several other business organizations. He has found time to participate actively in the republican party and has made a number of campaign speeches. Mr. Schultz was formerly a member of Euclid Lodge No. 599, Free and Accepted Masons, but has become a charter member of the recently organized Heights Lodge No. 633, Free and Accepted Masons. He belongs to the Zeta Psi fraternity of the University of Michigan and the Delta Theta Phi law fraternity, is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations, the Union Club, the Cleveland Advertising Club and the Electrical League. His chief recreation is automobiling. Mr. and Mrs. Schultz reside at 2325 Grand View Avenue. They were married June 26, 1912. Mrs. Schultz before her marriage was Miss Jeannette E. Taylor, daughter of William G. and Bell F. (Ferre) Taylor. Mrs. Schultz was born and educated in Cleveland, being a graduate of the Hathaway Brown School, and she also attended Lake Erie College at Painesville. Their two children, both born in Cleveland, are Marion Elizabeth and Janet Bell. THE BENJAMIN ROSE INSTITUTE By Irene Brush, Executive Secretary During the nine years of its existence it has become a potent force in the philanthropic life of Cleveland. When Benjamin Rose, an old resident of Cleveland, died in the summer of 1908, he left a remarkable will, generous in its conception, humanitarian in its purposes and far-reaching in its results. After various bequests to relatives, Mr. Rose left his large fortune in the hands of the Citizens Savings & Trust Company as trustee and executor to provide for the founding and maintenance of the Benjamin Rose Institute under the direction of a board of trustees composed of fifteen prominent Cleveland women who should perpetuate the institution. Mr. Rose named women as trustees because he thought them in sympathy With the unfortunate and qualified to determine who should have relief. The following women were named as the first board of trustees: Mrs. J. J. Sullivan, Mrs. Charles H. Weed, Mrs. J. M. Lewis, Mrs. C. C. Bolton, Mrs. Henry White, Mrs. Peter Hitchcock, Mrs. John Sherwin, Mrs. Ambrose Swasey, Mrs. W. P. Champney, Mrs. Margaret Huntington Smith, Mrs. Harvey D. Goulder, Mrs, Imogene Fisher, Mrs. Lena Lewis Riddle, Mrs. Harry King and Mrs. A. T. Perry. In the last few years the board has lost by death four of its valued members: Mrs. Ambrose Swasey, Mrs. Harvey D. Goulder, Mrs. Lena L. Riddle and Mrs. A. T. Perry. These vacancies were filled by the election of Mrs. Luther Allen, Mrs. John Teagle, Mrs. John Hord and Mrs. Arthur St. John Newberry. The will of Mr. Rose was broadly drawn, making it possible for other philanthropists to add to the fund at any time for whatever special purpose and under whatever name they might desire. Such additions to the fund might bear the name of the donor or otherwise. These bequests could be administered by the board of trustees of the Benjamin Rose Institute. In this way, while the income might be doubled or quadrupled, the increased cost of disbursement would he comparatively small. The ladies of the board serve without remuneration, giving largely of their time and strength to the faithful administration of the noble work which has been left in their hands. Headquarters of the institute are at 1010 Rose Building. This is in accordance with Mr. Rose's desire that his own private offices should be used for the work. Miss Irene Brush was appointed secretary by the board of trustees when headquarters were opened and has remained with the board since that time. It was Mr. Rose's purpose, as expressed in his will, to provide relief and assistance so far as the income would allow for respectable and deserving needy aged people, mostly of the Anglo-Saxon race, to men of sixty-five years of age and upwards who are unable to provide for themselves and to women of sixty years and upwards, and to supply temporary relief to needy crippled children or youth. The board of trustees is directed to supply and furnish to the aged either at their own homes or at other places of abode or in homes to be established for them such sums or amounts not exceeding the necessities of the case as the trustees deem to be reasonably required. The amount paid to any aged couple living together or to any aged single person shall not exceed $50 per month. It was stipulated that the relief to crippled children should be in the way of assisting them to receive treatment at hospitals or other places of cure and restoration to health, no child to be provided for for a period exceeding six months. and that not more than one-fourth of the income paid over from the estate should be used for this purpose. Acting under these provisions the work is carried on. It has come as a blessed relief to 12 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS many aged couples who were confronted with the possibility of separation, and to many who dreaded institutional life. Those who have known better days are particularly the type which the trust is designed to benefit. The institute does not give relief to the improvident and shiftless. Thorough investigation of each case is made following a formal application. It is not the purpose of the work to relieve children of their duties to their parents. Wherever there are children able to provide they are expected to do so. When one becomes a beneficiary of the institute a monthly check is sent for current expenses. In this way people live in their own homes, rent rooms and do light housekeeping, or board, and few know the source of their income. Relief is limited in the main to residents of Cleveland. The institute is not financially able to assist more than 10 per cent of all those who make application. It is only when vacancies occur that others can be helped. There is always a long waiting list. There are at the present time between 200 and 300 persons enrolled as beneficiaries of the institute. Four hundred and eleven persons have received assistance during the nine years of the work. Many and varied are the walks of life from which these people have come. Some of the men have been prominent in the business world, in real estate, in life insurance and in various forms of commercial enterprise. Some have followed the professions. Many of the women have been mistresses of pleasant homes in happier years when comfort and plenty abounded. Some have themselves been benefactors to others in years gone by. The fund for the aged which Mr. Rose wisely left for the deserving poor brings an inestimable blessing in the hour of need, whether thc recipients be those who through unfortunate investments have lost their property, or those who have often given a helping hand to others and made no provision for their future, or those whose whole lives have been a hand-to-hand struggle with poverty. The work for crippled children was not begun until January, 1911. Lakeside Hospital and Rainbow Hospital were chosen as the two institutions best suited for orthopedic work. Since that time many thousands of dollars have been paid to the two institutions for surgical care and treatment of over 900 children. Admission and monthly report cards are furnished the hospitals by the Rose Institute. Before any child is placed on the Rose Fund the admission card, filled out by the superintendent of the hospital, accompanied by a letter recommending the child as a probable curative case for which parents are unable to pay expenses, must be approved by the chairman of the committee on crippled children of the institute hoard. In this way all crippled children of this great city who meet these conditions are eligible to the Rose Fund. While the work of physical restoration goes on, the minds and hands of the children are being carefully trained by special teachers at Lakeside and Rainbow hospitals. Many of these children later attend the Cripple School on East Fifty-fifth Street, well qualified to carry on the work of their grade. During the year 1917 the work for crippled children was broadened and extended to other fields of operation, including Mount Sinai Hospital on East One Hundred Fifth Street and the Babies' Dispensary on East Thirty-fifth Street. Mount Sinai offers similar facilities to those furnished the Rose Fund children at Lakeside, while children at the Babies' Dispensary receive special massage and electrical treatment paid for by the institute. These are in the main cases of infantile paralysis. Treatment properly and systematically given results in partial or complete restoration of the use of the affected limbs. While the income at the disposal of the hoard of trustees is large, it is impossible to estimate in terms of dollars and cents the blessings brought into the lives of many people through this legacy which Mr. Rose left to young and old. His central idea in regard to the aged was the maintenance of the home. This has been carried out with marked success and satisfaction. Scattered throughout the city in clean and respectable neighborhoods are many homes supported in whole or in part by the institute, homes and not institutions, preserving to the individual that for which all have longed through the ages, the comfort, independence and happiness which only the home life can give. No gleaming shaft of marble or stately edifice that could be erected to the founder of any philanthropy would he a nobler memorial of a life's work than the living tribute expressed daily in many grateful human hearts. BENJAMIN ROSE. It is the rare good fortune of Cleveland that the character and services of the late Benjamin Rose, as expressed dur- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 13 ing his residence in this city of fifty years, are perpetuated and continued through visible memorials, one of which at least, the Benjamin Rose Institute, is one of the noblest philanthropies of the city. A large part of Mr. Rose's wealth went to the founding of this institution, other minor beneficiaries of his will being Lakeside Hospital and a number of relatives. On other pages of this publication will he found an article entitled The Benjamin Rose Institute" written by its secretary, Irene Brush. At this point it remains only to tell the story briefly of the career of this eminent Cleveland business man, capitalist and philanthropist. he was born in Warwickshire, England, March 13, 1838, a son of George and Mary (Browning) Rose. He was reared and educated in his native land and in 1848 came to America, first locating at Buffalo, New York. and afterwards at Cincinnati, where he was in the employ of a wholesale provision merchant. From there he came to Cleveland in 1851 and formed a partnership with his brother, George, in the provision busine.ss under the name Rose & Brother. The next year he bought George Rose's interests, and associated himself with his brother Edward as a partner under the same name. In 1854 the brothers established a business partnership with John Outhwaite, which continued until it was dissolved in 1861. The same year Benjamin Rose became associated with Chauncey Prentiss, under the firm name of Rose & Prentiss. For fourteen years this partnership continued, and in that time the business grew to immense proportions. Mr. Prentiss. retired in 1875, and about 1877 Mr. Rose organized the Cleveland Provision Company, of which he became president. He remained the executive head of this extensive business the rest of his life, his successor not being elected until after his death. Much of the success of Benjamin Rose as a merchant was due to his striking originality and forcefulness in carrying out his plans. It was due to his enterprise and originality that meat in cold storage was first shipped direct from Cleveland to Liverpool, England, by water route all the way. For that purpose he contracted for space, and iced around these spaces on a line of steamers carrying his products from Cleveland to Montreal. At Montreal he had the same arrangements with ocean steamers to which the meat products were transferred. Mr. Rose also organized a special line of ears for cattle and hogs and refrigerator cars to provide for the transportation of the fresh meats and other perishable provisions of the company. The name Benjamin Rose in fact deserves commemoration in connection with the history of the development of the meat industry in its present form. One of his important contributions was the introduction in 1879 of the first ice machines to be used in packing houses. He also invented a singeing machine to remove hair from the hogs instead of scalding it. Many thousands of Cleveland citizens not otherwise familiar with the business record of Benjamin Rose have a daily reminder in the great Rose Building, which when it was completed in 1900 was the largest office building in the State of Ohio. Several years before Mr. Rose had developed and executed a plan for constructing a great office building at Prospect Avenue and East Ninth Street, now in the heart of Cleveland's business district. Many advisers endeavored to discourage him from the enterprise. They argued that such a building was far in advance of the needs and standards of the city, and was in a locality out of the direct line of the march of improvement. But Mr. Rose when once persuaded of the feasibility of a plan could not easily be turned aside, and the result was the great office structure which was finished in 1900, and which has in many ways justified his courage and foresight. After that he continued his plans for developing the business section along East Ninth Street, and the last work he did in Cleveland before his death was giving his final approval to plans for the construction of new buildings in that section. Naturally his business interests and connections were many and important. He was an organizer and director of the Euclid Avenue National Bank, a director of the Citizens Savings & Loan Association, of the Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad, was a director of the First National Bank, the State Banking & Trust Company, the Broadway Warehouse Company, the Scott-Griggs Company, the Cleveland Union Stock Yards Company, was a stockholder in the Cleveland Trust Company, and the Central National Bank. The cause of education owes him a permanent debt of gratitude and he was one of the incorporators of the Case School of Applied Science and for many years one of its trustees. He was one of the thirty citizens of the United States who contributed $1,000 each to the Garfield Memorial Fund. He was active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, was a member of the 14 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Colonial Club, and a member and vestryman of St. Paul's Episcopal Church. In 1855 Mr. Rose married Miss Julia Still, daughter of Charles Still, of Cleveland. She survived both the children born to their union. Benjamin Rose died at London, England, June 28, 1908, in his eighty-first year. It had been his custom for a number of years to take his annual vacation by a trip abroad to England, the home of his boyhood. In May, 1908, he had started on the voyage, accompanied by his physician, a friend of long standing. Mr. Rose had a large number of friends in London, but his death came suddenly, with only his trusted physician at his side. RUSSELL B. ABBOTT is head of the firm Abbott & Jenkins, investment counselors, in the American Trust Building. This is one of the new and progressive firms in Cleveland and furnishes a general service to investors in stocks, real estate, bonds and other securities. Mr. Abbott is a thoroughly experienced newspaper man and was successful in newspaper work before he took up his present profession. He was horn at Albert Lea, Minnesota, September 11, 1885, son of Rev. Russell B. and Marietta H. (Hunter) Abbott. His mother is still living at Albert Lea. His father, who died at Albert Lea in January, 1917, at the age of ninety-six, was a distinguished educator and minister of the Presbyterian Church, and was founder of Albert Lea College. He also founded the first Presbyterian Church in that then frontier town. Russell B. Abbott was educated in his native town, graduating from the Albert Lea High School in 1901 and finished his education at Oberlin College. His newspaper experience covered work both in Duluth, Minnesota, and at Cleveland. After leaving Oberlin he was six years at Duluth with the News-Tribune and Herald. He came to Cleveland in 1913 and was connected with the Cleveland Leader and the Cleveland Press. Much of his time was spent in the proof reading department of these various papers. January 1, 1917, Mr. Abbott engaged in business for himself as an investment counselor. October 1, 1917, the firm of Abbott & Jenkins was organized. and on March 1, 1918, they moved their offices from the Leader-News Building to the American Trust Building. This firm acts as counselors to investors, and furnishes reports on a large range of current stocks and securities that are in the open market both for investment and speculation. In matters of politics Mr. Abbott is chiefly independent. He is a member of the Lakewood Presbyterian Church. January 7, 1907, at Minerva, Ohio, he married Miss Verda M. Kugler, daughter of Charles S. Kugler, of Bayard, Ohio. Mrs. Abbott was born at Minerva, was educated there and in the Conservatory of Music at Oberlin College and also attended Oberlin Academy. Mr. and Mrs. Abbott have three children, all born at Duluth, Minnesota, named Laura Elizabeth, Russell B. and Neville K. J. VERNE JENKINS is junior partner of the firm Abbott & Jenkins, investment counselors. in the American Trust Building, and his special work in that firm is handling the realty department. While recently established, Abbott & Jenkins have built up a large clientage and have gained the confidence of the investing public by their record of shrewd judgment and integrity in looking after all matters in which investors are interested in the field of stocks, bonds and real estate. They do not act as brokers and their service is entirely that of counselors and advisers. Mr. Jenkins was born in Marshall County, Illinois, May 4, 1888. His early life was spent on a farm, and since the age of fourteen he has looked after his own welfare, paid his way, gained knowledge in the university of hard knocks and had no help from any outside source until quite recently he shared in the estate of his grandfather, James Jenkins, of Varna, Illinois. James Jenkins was a pioneer in that section of Illinois, going there from Ohio, and died April 3, 1917, on his ninety-fourth birthday. J. Verne Jenkins is a son of Frank E. and Elva Roselia (Pickard) Jenkins. His father, who was born in Marshall County, Illinois, August 31, 1865, is now in the automobile business in Oregon. The mother, who was born in Jefferson County, New York, January 20, 1870, died at Red Oak, Iowa, June 5, 1892. J. Verne Jenkins had a limited education chiefly in the public schools of Columbus, Ohio. He learned the printer's trade in the offices of the Columbus Citizen, and he worked as printer at Columbus, Pittsburg, Johnstown and Cleveland. For about twelve years he was employed at Columbus, and spent three years each in the offices of the Plain Dealer and the Cleveland Press. Mr. Jenkins formed his partnership as investment counselor with R. B. Abbott on October 1, 1917. Politically he is independent and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. September CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 15 2, 1911, at Windsor, Ontario, he married Miss Alice Mae Smith, daughter of William and Elizabeth Smith, of Columbus, Ohio. One child was born to their union in Cleveland October 15, 1912, Faye Adele Jenkins. EDWIN R. PERKINS. During the last six decades of Cleveland's history few men came into closer or more wholesome touch with its affairs than this former banker, railroad official and trusted business man and citizen. The big things in the life of Edwin R. Perkins were not so much the positions he held, though they were pinnacles in the city's business life, as the personal character which he exemplified, and which called forth absolute confidence in his judgment and decisions on the part of his associates and friends. His life was a signal illustration of that great truth that personal integrity is the first and last and highest asset in business. He was of old New England stock, his forefathers having located at Hampton, New Hampshire, in 1634, while in the same year the ancestors on the maternal side came to Ipswich, Massachusetts. Edwin R. Perkins was born at Chocorua, Carroll County, New Hampshire, February 20, 1833. His father was a man of fine character, a leader in church, and prominent in local and civic affairs. Reared in an excellent home and according to the New England traditions. Edwin R. Perkins received his preparatory education at Phillips Exeter Academy at Exeter, New Hampshire. From there he entered Dartmouth College in September, 1854, and because of the work he had done at Exeter was put in the sophomore class. At Dartmouth he maintained a high rank of scholarship, took a keen interest in debating and college politics, and was an acknowledged leader in all college controversies. Following his graduation from Dartmouth Mr. Perkins came west to Cleveland, and first figured in the life of this young city as a teacher in the public schools. He always kept in close touch with educational affairs and from 1868 to 1874 was a member of the hoard of education and its president. The early policy of the public school system was largely shaped under his influence and leadership and many of the benefits of his work continue to the present time. In the meantime while teaching he had taken up the study of law, and finally devoted his entire time to that study with the firm of Otis & Adams, which at the time was one of the leading law firms of the city. Mr. Perkins Vol. III-2 was admitted to the bar in 1863 but contrary to his expectations the law never obtained his permanent allegiance. Soon after his admission to the bar he went into the Commercial National Bank to fill the place of a clerical employe temporarily absent. Once he had familiarized himself with the work it exercised a strong hold upon his imagination and from that time forward he was not divorced for any length of time from banking. In 1865 he was promoted to assistant cashier, an office he filled five years. In 1870 Selah Chamberlain, A. S. Gorham and Mr. Perkins organized the banking house of Chamberlain, Gorham & Perkins. During the next eight years, while this house was growing and expanding, its management was largely in the hands of Mr. Perkins. In 1878 he withdrew and became cashier of the Merchants National Bank of Cleveland. Later he assisted in organizing the Mercantile National Bank which succeeded to the business of the old Merchants National. He was vice president of the Mercantile National from 1884 to 1891, and after that was president until he retired in January, 1902. After that he continued as director of the bank and its successor, the National Commercial Bank, until the time of his death. It was his ability as a financier that proved one of the strongest pillars in these several financial institutions, and his influence as a banker is still vital in this city. From banking his activities extended to the financial organization and management of several different railways. He assisted in organizing the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Rail-road Company. and was its president from 1890 to 1893. In 1904 he became president of the Cleveland and Mahoning Valley Railway Company, an office he filled until his death. The most significant tribute to his ability and character was in the numerous estates which were entrusted to his care and management. His former partner Selah Chamberlain by the provisions of his will left to Mr. Perkins a very large estate in trust to he held and managed at his sole discretion for the term of fifteen years. It was expressly stipulated that no bond should he required and no accounting to any court. Mr. Perkins was a director in numerous large corporations, including banks. mining companies, railway and industrial organizations. He was a trustee of Western Reserve University many years, and in 1906 that institution conferred upon him the degree Doctor of Laws. He was a trustee of the 16 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Cleveland Museum of Art and the John Huntington Art and Polytechnic Trust. For fifty-six years he was actively identified with the Second Presbyterian Church and held the post of elder at the time of his death, having been clerk of its session for twenty-five years and frequently a commissioner to the General Assembly. He took a prominent part in the General Assembly and in 1896 was a delegate to the World's Presbyterian Alliance at Glasgow. It was in the fullness of years and maturity of achievements that Edwin R. Perkins died at Cleveland April 21, 1915, at the age of eighty-two. In 1858 he married Miss Harriet Pelton. Four children were born to them : Mary Witt, True, Edwin R., Jr., and Harriet Pelton. The last named died in 1890 at the age of twenty-one and the other three are still living in Cleveland. THEODORE ALFRED WEAGER, engineer and manager at Cleveland, with offices in the Rockefeller Building, for the Buffalo Forge Company, is a man of thorough technical training and practical experience in mechanical engineering, and his expert work has already done much to build up the Cleveland business of the firm, whose main offices and works are at Buffalo, New York. Mr. Weager was born at Cato, New York, April 8, 1886, a son of Irving B. and Manilla E. (Follett) Weager. Both parents were born in New York State and died at Rochester, where his father was for many years engaged in the business of commission merchant. The three children are all living: Clare S., of Utica; Neva E., of Cleveland ; and Theodore A. Mr. Weager was graduated in June, 1906, from the Rochester Mechanics Institute, where he took the full course in mechanics arts. He then entered the engineering school of the University of Michigan, and received the degree B. M. E. in June, 1910. For a time Mr. Weager was engineer of research and design for the Buffalo Forge Company at Buffalo and then became engineer with the Carrier Air Conditioning Company of New York City. He came to Cleveland from New York City and has been engineer and manager of the Cleveland office of the Buffalo Forge Company and Carrier Air Conditioning Company since May, 1916. Mr. Weager is a member of the Cleveland Engineering Society, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Cleveland Rotary Club, Athletic Club, Yacht Club and Automo bile Club. While in the Rochester Mechanics Institute he became affiliated with the Phi Sigma Phi and is a member of the University of Michigan Chapter of the Delta Tau Delta. In Masonry his affiliations are with Lakewood Lodge No. 601, Free and Accepted Masons; Cunningham Chapter No. 187, Royal Arch Masons; Holyrood Commandery No. 32, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Weager is a republican. His home is at 1875 East One Hundred First Street. From his school days he has been interested in athletics and while in the University of Michigan was a member of both the baseball and football squads. ARCHIE N. FERGUSON. To find one's work in the world and to devote to it every faculty, ounce of energy and hour of time has been proved again and again a sure road to success. When Archie N. Ferguson completed his education at the age of nineteen he thought that he knew what he wanted to do. He had already acquired considerable knowledge of the mechanical arts that enter into the building trades, and after a year of additional training under his father went out to Los Angeles and spent a couple of years supervising building construction of bungalows under Walter R. Wright. With this equipment of experience he returned to Cleveland and formed the partnership of Ferguson Brothers, his associate being his brother, Albert R. They did a satisfying business as contractors until the firm was dissolved in 1909, at which time Archie Ferguson established the new partnership of the Ferguson-Bolmeyer Company, contractors. Two years later he sold his interests there and established a contracting business of his own, and put up many local homes and apartment houses. In 1915 Mr. Ferguson organized the Ferguson and Flanigan Company, of which he has since been president and manager. The extent and quality of his work can best he told by reference to some of the contracts his firm has carried out. These include residences for Fred Knodler, C. W. Fuller, F. H. Ulmer, F. B. Wolcott, W. B. Lutton, J. T. Webster, William J. Van Aiken, Dr. J. H. Brett, all of them being homes ranging in cost from $10,000 to $20,000. Other features of their record as building contractors are the Goulder Block at One Hundred Eleventh Street and Superior Avenue, the apartments at the corner of One Hundred Seventeenth CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 17 Street and St. Clair Avenue, the Vikers Annex at Sixty-fifth and Euclid Avenue, Yellow Taxi Cab Garage at Twenty-second Street near Payne, the building for the Standard Top and Equipment Company at Sixty-fifth Street near Euclid, the Kayvee Building at 6203 Euclid Avenue, and many others. Archie N. Ferguson was born at Cleveland October 10, 1880. His father, William B. Ferguson, a native of Toronto, Canada, came to Cleveland during the early '60s and was one of the important building contractors of the city until his death in 1904. After coming to Cleveland he married Effie A. Pettes. They had four sorts, Archie N., Albert, William and David. all residents of Cleveland. Archie N. Ferguson was graduated from the Central High School of Cleveland at the age of nineteen. He is affiliated with the Royal Arcanum, Loyal Order of Moose, Chamber of Commerce, Automobile Club, First Baptist Church, and casts his vote as an intelligent republican. June 1, 1905, at Cleveland he married Maude E. Williams. They have two children, Norton. aged eleven, and Jack, aged seven, both boys being in the local public schools. DAVID J. JENNINGS is a Cleveland manufacturer and inventor who has given an important new product to the world at a time when it is most appreciated, and when on account of the scarcity and high price of glass manufacture its introduction and wide application is justified on economic grounds as well as from the standpoint of science of sanitation. Sanitarians have long recognized and advocated the use of paper containers for all kinds of liquid as well as solid foods, but it was left to Mr. Jennings to devise and develop a machine which was capable of producing the sanitary milk bottle that would meet the standard of requirements in every respect and could also be operated-with sufficient economy to make the use of such containers a factor in competition with the glass milk bottle. Mr. Jennings after several years of study and experimental work developed his machine, and on November 5, 1914, incorporated The Jennings Sanitary Milk Bottle Company. This company manufactures, by means of the machine of which Mr. Jennings is inventor, paper containers which can be used for all purposes, but which have found greatest favor as bottles for holding milk. Mr. Jennings succeeded in perfecting a machine which would print, cut, roll, paste and paraffins the container in a single process and turn out the finished product in such quantities as to justify the use of these paper bottles by large dealers and at an actual saving of expense against the heavier glass bottle when its original cost is added to the cost of cleaning and handling and inevitable breakage. Like many successful men of the present time Mr. Jennings has come to success through the avenue of hard work and has been supporting himself since he was a boy. He was born at Cleveland September 15, 1877, son of Thomas and Margaret (Cowley) Jennings. Until he was twelve years of age he was a student in St. Malachi Parochial School and the Detroit Avenue School. This was followed by six months of apprentice experience in a machine shop, and then for two years he worked as a nail maker in a nail factory. Following that he was with different machine shops, including an experience as an iron shipbuilder with the old Cleveland Shipbuilding Company and the Globe Shipbuilding Company. Until 1910 he was employed in structural iron and bridge work and was then appointed superintendent of bridges under the Cleveland city government. He held that post until 1912, after which he spent all his time in the development of the manufacture of paper and fiber containers. The other officers of The Jennings Sanitary Milk Bottle Company are Wesley Workman, vice president and treasurer, and J. J. McCurtney, secretary. Obviously the business had to overcome many handicaps and preju.- dices, and had to practically win its field of patronage at every step of the way. Mr. Jennings began manufacturing in a small room in the market house and a short time later removed to a room containing only 340 square feet of floor space in the Clark Building on Superior Avenue. Gradually the Jennings containers found favor and met all the various tests of usage and economy, and the business grew and expanded rapidly. On August 15. 1916, the company moved to Twenty-eighth Street and Church Avenue, where they had 3,000 square feet at their disposal, but in September, 1916. moved to still larger quarters at 5110 Detroit Avenue, a building which the company erected especially for its purposes and requirements. Here they have 6.000 square feet and facilities adequate for the demand upon them for several years to come. Mr. Jennings is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Industry, the Cleveland Automobile Club, is independent in politics and a 18 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS member of the Catholic Church. He is unmarried. MAJ. CHARLES RUSSELL MILLER attained many of the distinctions and dignities of the world though he was only fifty-eight years of age when he died at his home in Cleveland, December 18, 1916. In the generation that came up after the Civil war he was one of Ohio's most prominent military men. Of the success and honors that came to him as a lawyer it is perhaps only necessary to recall that he served as president of the Cleveland Bar Association and also of the Ohio State Bar Association. The late Major Miller was born at Canton, Ohio, October 1, 1858, a son of William K. and Sarah (Burwell) Miller. His mother was born at Niles in Trumbull County, Ohio, and was a first cousin of the late President William McKinley. At one time the Burwells and the McKinleys occupied a double house at Niles. William X. Miller, who was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, was for many years a manufacturer of reapers and mowers and threshing machines, and had a long and active connection with the firm of Russell & Company of Massillon, Ohio, and later with the Peerless Company of Canton. He originated many inventions applied to reaping and mowing machinery. William K. Miller also managed all of the congressional campaigns of William McKinley, and for a number of years the late Major Miller was secretary of the campaign committee. Major Miller was educated in the Canton High School and the Canton Academy and afterward entered the law offices of William McKinley as a student, and remained there two years, being admitted to the bar December 3, 1879, at the age of twenty-one. As a young attorney he read law with the late President McKinley and afterwards was associated with Atlee Pomerene at Canton, the latter now Ohio's senior United States senator. On coming to Cleveland Major Miller was in the law offices of Estep, Dickey & Squire for a year, and then opened an office of his own in Canton. At the time of his death Major Miller was senior member of the.law firm of Weed, Miller & Rothenberg. This firm name is still retained, although both the senior partners are gone. The business of the firm is now carried on by Mr. William Rothenberg and Mr. William R. Miller, the latter a son of Major Miller. Major Miller not only contributed exceptional ability to the active practice of his profession, but was also widely known as a legal writer and author. His best known work was "Law of Conditional Sales." Major Miller was honored with the office of president of the Cleveland Bar Association from 1913 to 1916, and he was the honorary head of the lawyers of the state as president of the Ohio Bar Association in 1915-16. As a young man he took an active interest in military affairs and was a member of the Eighth Ohio Infantry, in which he rose to the rank of captain. He was captain and assistant adjutant general on staff duty with the First Brigade, First Division, Second Army Corps, in the Spanish-American war and later was raised to the rank of major. He asked for his discharge January 1, 1899, after the Cuban war was ended. He served as a judge advocate general of the Spanish War Veterans in 1900-01 and in 1906-07 was commander-inchief of the United Spanish War Veterans. He did much service in behalf of the republican party, though he was not a seeker of its honors in the form of office. He was a presidential elector in 1896, when William McKinley was first nominated for the presidency. Mr. Miller was president of the Commercial Law League of America in 1899. He was a member of the Loyal Legion, was an active Mason, was one of the founders and the first president of the Cleveland Rotary Club, belonged to the Military Order of Foreign Wars, the Sons of Veterans, the Spanish-American War. Veterans, the Army and Navy Club at Washington, the Union Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Colonial Club and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He was a trustee and active member of the First Methodist Episcopal Church of Cleveland. At Cleveland May 9, 1883, Major Miller married Miss Alice Evelyn Rose, daughter of the late William G. Rose, a former mayor of Cleveland. They became the parents of three children: William R., Charles R., Jr., and Mrs. H. C. Hyatt, Jr. CHARLES HOLDEN Paescorr. The name Prescott has been prominently identified with the lumber business, primarily in Michigan but since extending all over the Middle West and South, for a long period of years. Of this family group C. H. Prescott's experience and activities have been largely confined to the building up of the Saginaw Bay Company in the lumber business at Cleveland, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 19 where he has had his home for more than thirty years. The Prescotts are of New England stock and ancestry, and many of the name have earned places as successful Americans. Charles Holden Prescott, Sr., father of the subject of this review, was a pioneer lumberman. He gained his early experience in the wilderness of Maine, and for twenty-five years was engaged in the manufacture of white pine lumber in Pennsylvania. His home during the greater part of this time was at Reynoldsville, Pennsylvania, where he married a Miss Sarah Barnard, a native of Connecticut. In Pennsylvania his mills manufactured principally square timbers, which were rafted down the Sandy Lick to the Allegheny and Ohio rivers. The white pine fields of Michigan assumed increasing importance during this era, and in 1876 Mr. Prescott, Sr., began his operations in that state. Two years later the family moved to Bay City. His mills were located near Tawas City, where he was for a time in business under his own name. As his sons grew up and became identified with it the firm title was changed to C. H. Prescott & Son and later to C. H. Prescott & Sons. The business has always remained a family partnership and for years conducted some of the most extensive operations in the white pine forests of Michigan. Mr. Prescott, Sr., in connection with his plant at Tawas bought the Cameron Mill, which was operated until destroyed by fire in 1900. In 1878 he became interested in a narrow gauge railroad known as the Detroit, Bay City and Alpena Railroad. When it became involved financially it was taken over entirely by him and he operated it individually for about three years as an adjunct to his lumber business. In that time the operation of the road was conducted without a single serious accident. It was finally sold to Alger, Smith & Company, changed to standard gauge and became part of the Detroit and Mackinac Railroad. In the meantime Charles Holden Prescott was growing to manhood and as a boy had gained experience and been of considerable. assistance to his father in various ways. He was born in Pennsylvania November 3, 1864, during the stirring times of the Civil war, and was the second son in the family. He attended school in his native state, also the Bay City High School and the University of Michigan. His vacations and other leisure periods he spent around the logging camps and mills, and there is hardly a phase or detail of the lumber industry as conducted during the last forty years with which he is not adequately and perfectly familiar. While C. H. Prescott had looked upon Cleveland as an inviting market for a number of years, it was not until 1884 that he seized upon this ideal and logical point for the distribution of his products. In that year he bought the plant which George N. Fletcher & Sons of Alpena had been conducting in Cleveland under the name of the Saginaw Bay Lumber Company. The firm name was changed to the Saginaw Bay Company, under which style the business has since been conducted. The former superintendent of the plant, S. H. Sheldon, was retained by the Prescott interests, but died in the same summer. In the fall of 1885, C. H. Prescott, just out of college, was sent to take charge of the vard, then located at 143 Columbus Street. This was the beginning of Mr. Prescott's real life work and his connection with Cleveland. He soon justified the confidence of his elders who had selected him for this place of special responsibility, and from that time forward the growth of the business centered in and around Cleveland assumed increasing importance. In May, 1887, the first yard was sold to George Norris & Company, and they then moved to 55 Stones Levee, a site formerly occupied by N. Mills & Company. In the following year the adjoining yard of 'I'. Emmerson & Company was annexed, and in 1889 the old yard of Haywood, Burry & Company was added. Still later the company acquired the yard of F. R. Gilchrist & Company on Carter Street, and this was conducted conjointly with the previous yard until June, 1901, when they were consolidated and the business removed to its present location on West Third Street and the Cuyahoga River. The facilities have grown until today the company has a dock frontage on the river of 1,200 feet, an equipment of modern mills and yards, and for many years they have handled a large volume of business. In association with his brothers, George Allen Prescott of Tawas City, Michigan, now food commissioner of that state, William Howard and Orville Wilbur Prescott, C. H. Prescott has had a part in the management of various other lumbering and transportation enterprises. Mr. Prescott has been a member of the National Wholesale Dealers' Association since its organization and a member of its executive committee. He was elected successively second and first vice president and in March, 20 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS 1908, was made president of the association. He has served as a vice president of the Ohio Shippers' 'Association, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Builders' Exchange, and one of the original members of the Lumber Underwriters at New York. Several times the office of president of the Cleveland Board of Lumber Dealers has been conferred upon him. He is and has been for some years one of the most conspicuous men in the lumber industry in the Middle West. Mr. Prescott is a member of the Union, Mayfield and Country clubs, and has been active in church affairs, serving as superintendent of the Sunday school of the First Baptist Church and as a member of the executive committee of the Cuyahoga County Sunday School Association. A very successful business man, he has also demonstrated his interest in many other lines, and has proved his capacity to enjoy other interests than those connected with the business world. His home life has been ideal. On November 10, 1892, he married Miss Mary Dunham. Her father, Truman Dunham, was one of Cleveland's early prosperous business men. Their six children, three daughters and three sons, are: Helen Sarah, Allen Barnard, Charles Holden, Jr., Wilbur Dunham, Mary Dunham, and Katherine. Helen Sarah married Sherwin Howells Smith. Mr. Smith is in the signal service of the United States army. WALTER S. NEWHALL, for many years a resident of Cleveland, was born at Philadelphia May 2, 1866, son of Gilbert Henry and Elizabeth Stevenson Newhall. Until he was thirteen his education was surpervised in private schools and then for two years he attended the Pennsylvania Military College at Chester, Pennsylvania. Returning to Philadelphia, he went to work in the office of his uncles, R. & D. Newhall, merchandise brokers. Ile was there a year and spent another year in the offices of Janny & Andrews, wholesale grocers. He probably regards it as a fortunate diversion when on January 4, 1883, he accepted a position as rodman with an engineer corps of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. Experience and study brought advancement and by 1893 he was division engineer of the Pennsylvania Company at Toledo. In 1895 he was transferred to Cleveland, and continued as division engineer of the Pennsylvania Company until May, 1900. He then resigned and in August of the same year became chief engineer of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railroad. In 1902 he was given the additional and dual responsibilities of chief engineer of the Wabash Railroad, with headquarters at St. Louis, and held both positions until September, 1905. At that time, resigning and returning to Cleveland, he entered the railway supply business and in 1908 organized the Cleveland Railway Supply Company, of which he became president. Mr. Newhall sold out his interests in this company in May, 1916. In the meantime, in 1909, he had resumed the work in the field where his special abilities had full scope,--engineering and construction work. Later he organized the Walter S. Newhall Company, and has since been its president. This company employs from 500 to 1,000 men and has developed an organization for handling practically every class of railway construction work, which is its chosen field. The Newhall Company makes a specialty of concrete bridges, reinforced concrete ore floors and docks, pile docks and foundations, track laying and ballasting, and in a number of instances has taken the contract for the engineering and construction work complete. This company owns the patents on thawing material in transit, six plants for thawing coal having been installed under these patents and three more contracted for along the Atlantic seaboard. Mr. Newhall is also president and director of the Pre-Cast Concrete Company. Mr. Newhall is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland Tennis Club, of Trinity Episcopal Church and in politics is a republican. At Logansport, Indiana, June 4, 1890, he married Miss Fannie Tipton. Their only child, George T., now twenty-six, is a graduate of Case School of Applied Science, and has been commissioned a first lieutenant in the national army and is at present stationed at Douglas, Arizona. DAVID Z. NORTON, president of The Citizens Savings and Trust Company of Cleveland, had his first banking experience in that city in 1868, the same year that the old Citizens Savings and Loan Association was established. Thus his personal career and that of the institution of which he is now the head have run contemporaneous for almost half a century. The Citizens Savings and Trust Company is the product of a consolidation, effected in 1903, of three Cleveland institutions, the old CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 21 Citizens Savings and Loan Association, the Savings and Trust Company, and the American Trust Company. The Citizens Savings and Trust Company has no difficulty in making good its claim to be the oldest and largest trust company in Ohio. When first organized in 1868 the Citizens Savings and Loan Association had as its first board of directors a number of prominent business builders, including Jeptha H. Wade, who was president of the company until his death in 1890, and also United States Senator Henry B. Payne. It is interesting also that President James A. Garfield was a member of the board from 1878 to 1881, while Secretary of State John Hay was a director from 1883 to 1893. The Savings and Trust Company, the second constituent factor in the present Citizens Savings and Trust Company, was the original trust company of the State of Ohio. It opened for business in May, 1883, its first location being in the Benedict Building on Euclid Avenue, and later on the site now occupied by the Union National Bank on that avenue. The American Trust Company began business in 1898 in the American Trust Building. The first quarters occupied by the Citizens Savings and Loan Association was in the old Atwater Block, corner of Water and Superior streets. After a few years it was removed to the Franklin Block, then occupied the newly completed Wade Building on Superior Street, and in 1894 removed to the Case ]3lock at Superior and Wood streets, where the new postoffice is located. Later the old Public Library property on Euclid Avenue near East Ninth Street was purchased, and there the Citizens Building, the home of the Citizens Savings and Trust Company, was completed in 1903. The Citizens Building is unquestionably one of the finest banking homes in the United States and its fourteen floors are all occupied by many of the prominent professional and business firms of Cleveland. According to a statement issued in June, 1917, the resources of the Citizens Savings and Trust Company of Cleveland aggregate more than $77,000,000. The company is therefore one of the strongholds of wealth in the Middle West and its growing strength has always kept pace with Cleveland's increasing importance as a city. When the old Citizens Savings and Loan Association was established Cleveland had a population of about 72,000. In 1870 the resources of that company was little more than $1,000,000, increased during the next twenty years to about $11,000,000, in 1900 to $21,000,000, and in 1903, at the time of the consolidation, the resources were about $34,000,000. The officers of the company at the present time comprise the following well known men: J. H. Wade, chairman; D. Z. Norton, president; William G. Mather, D. Leuty, Horace B. Corner, J. R. Nutt, E. V. Hale, W. M. Baldwin, J. P. Harris, vice presidents; G. P. Koelliker, secretary; F. D. Williams, treasurer; O. C. Nelson, W. H. Kinsey, H. L. Brown, W. H. Fowler, Van R. Purdy, P. T. Harrold, assistant treasurers; and J. H. Clark, auditor. The presidency of this company is only one of the manifold activities and relationships David Z. Norton bears to the financial, industrial and civic life of Cleveland. He is one of its strong and notable men. He was born in Cleveland June 1, 1851, son of Washington Adams and Caroline (Harper) Norton. His ancestry identified him with prominent American families on both sides. He is directly descended from the Norton family of Sharpenhow, Bedfordshire, England. As established by Prof. Charles Eliot Norton of Harvard the more remote ancestry goes back to the Seigneur de Norville, Constable to William the Conqueror during the invasion of England in 1066. The first American of the name was Nicholas Norton, who arrived at Weymouth, Massachusetts, about 1630, and subsequently was one of the first settlers of Martha's Vineyard. He died on that island at EdgartV-in 1690. For several succeeding generations the family continued to reside at Martha's Vineyard. Elijah Norton, of Edgarton, great-grandfather of the Cleveland banker, was a soldier in the Revolutionary war in the Seacoast Defense Guards for Dukes County, Massachusetts. His son Zadock Norton, a native of Dartmouth, Massachusetts, moved to Washington County, New York, but died at Cleveland November 24, 1848. He was the father of Washington Adams Norton, above mentioned. The latter was born at Cambridge, Washington County, New York, and when a young man moved to Clyde, Ashtabula County, Ohio. There he built and operated the first blast furnace in the northern part of Ohio. In 1845 he removed to Cleveland and was active in business in that city until his death on December 22, 1855. His death occurred when David Z. Norton was only four years old. The latter's mother, Caroline (Harper) 22 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Norton was of Scotch-Irish ancestry. Her grandfather, Alexander Harper, was a native of Connecticut. In 1769 he received a Royal grant to 22,000 acres in what is now Delaware County, New York. There he founded the Town of Harpersfield. With his four brothers he fought for the American cause in the Revolution, being promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel. Having secured a grant of land in the Connecticut Western Reserve he came to Ohio from Harpersfield, New York, and in 1798 established the Town of Harpers-field in the present Ashtabula County. While Mr. Norton has been properly grateful for the fact that he was well born, the important fact is that he has done much to prove himself worthy of such good ancestry. Educated in the Cleveland public schools, he was sixteen years of age when in April, 1868, he began his business career as an employe of the old Commercial National Bank, and five years later, in 1873, was promoted to cashier, a position he filled for seventeen consecutive years. In 1890 Mr. Norton withdrew from the detailed responsibilities of banking and in association with Earl W. Oglebay organized the firm of Oglebay, Norton & Company, to engage in the iron ore trade. This concern operated mines in the Lake Superior district and its holdings and activities soon gave it a foremost position in that industrial region. With banking and mining as the basis of his career, Mr. Norton has assumed many varied and important financial interests in the course of time. For several years he was president of the old Citizens Savings and Loan Association, and in 1903, upon its consolidation, as above referred to, became vice president of the Citizens Savings and Trust Company. He has held the post of president since January 1, 1910. Mr. Norton is a trustee of the Society for Savings, a director of the National Commercial Bank, the Bank of Commerce, the National Association, the Woodland Avenue Savings and Trust Company, the Bankers Surety Company. His business interests are represented by his presidency of the Cleveland Storage Company, vice president and treasurer of the Commonwealth Iron Company, the Castile Mining Company, director and treasurer of the Montreal, the Fortune Lake, the Brule, the Reserve, the Bristol, and the Fort Henry Mining companies, and director in the Norton, the Miller, the Hanna, and the Hubbard Tran sit companies, the Baker R. & L. Company and the National Refining Company. Practical business affairs have afforded only one outlet for his versatile energies and tastes. Mr. Norton has given freely of his time and means for the benefit of Cleveland's institutional life, especially those of education and the promotion of culture. He is a trustee of Kenyon College, Adelbert College, the Western Reserve University, the University School, of which for many years he was treasurer, the Cleveland School of Art, the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Western Reserve Historical Society, of which he is chairman of the Financial Committee, the Church Home, the Floating Bethel, the Garfield Monument, and the Lakeview Cemetery associations. He is also an active member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Associated Charities of Cleveland, and has been president of the Union Club, the Country Club and the Rowfant Club. When the celebrated Troop A was organized he was one of its charter members and is now a trustee of Troop A Armory. Other organizations that claim his membership are the University Club, Mayfield Country Club, Chagrin, Valley Hunt Club, Cleveland Gun Club, Castalia Sporting Club, and The Winous Point Shooting Club. Mr. and Mrs. Norton are prominent members of St. Paul's Protestant Episcopal Church, and he is one of the trustees of the Diocese of Ohio. Mr. Norton has long been known for his careful cultivation and exercise of discriminating taste in art, music and books. His collection of paintings is an admirable one, though he modestly disclaims any special distinction for them. His intimate friends know him as a real book lover, manifested in a splendid private library and also in the cultivation of especial interests as a book collector. He inclines to rare and fine editions and perhaps more than any other Cleveland man has accumulated much of the literature concerning Napoleon's life and times. On October 11, 1876, in Cleveland, Mr. Norton married Miss Mary Castle, daughter of William B. and Mary H. (Newell) Castle. Her father was at one time president of the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company, and was mayor of Ohio City and after the consolidation of Ohio City with Cleveland became mayor of the large municipality in 1853. Mrs. Norton, like her husband, traces her ancestry back to many prominent New England families. Among her ancestors were such noted CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 23 men as Judge Nathaniel Newell of the Vermont Supreme Court, William Williams, a signer of the Declaration of Independence, Governor Simon Bradstreet and Governor Thomas Dudley of Massachusetts, and the celebrated divine Rev. John Cotton. Mr. and Mrs. Norton have three children: Miriam is the wife of Fred Rollin White, of Cleveland. Robert Castle Norton, who graduated from Yale University in 1902, is secretary and treasurer of the Baker R. & L. Company, and is now major of the One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Field Artillery and stationed at Montgomery, Alabama. ,Laurence Harper Norton, the youngest child, graduated from Yale in 1910 and during the years 1912-13-14 was an attache of the American Embassy at Paris. He is a captain on Maj. Gen. Charles G. Treat's staff and now in France. JOHN R. MILLIGAN, vice president and sales manager of the Tillotson & Wolcott Company, investment bankers and dealers in corporation bonds and investment bonds, entered the services of this company several years ago upon its organization, and made such a record in that position that the company soon opened one of its executive offices for his occupancy. Mr. Milligan was born in Palmer, Hampden County, Massachusetts, January 25, 1885, and has been a resident of Cleveland since 1909. His parents are William R. and Ida G. (Foster) Milligan. His father, who was a manufacturer of leather goods in Palmer, Massachusetts, died there in 1902. The mother is now living in Cleveland. John R. Milligan has a younger brother, Raymond O., who is also connected with the Tillotson & Wolcott Company. John R. Milligan was educated in the high schools of Springfield and Palmer, Massachusetts, graduating from the latter in 1903. He is a man of liberal education and tastes, and has a special fondness for all forms of outdoor life and is a devotee of the sports of golf, tennis, swimming, motoring and handball. In 1907 Mr. Milligan graduated A. B. from Amherst College, and in the summers of 1907 and 1908 had charge of the Boys' Camp in Maine. On coming to Cleveland in 1909 he spent one year with the Northern Ohio Lumber Company. About that time the Tillotson & Wolcott Company was organized and he was put on the force as a bond salesman. January 1, 1914, he was promoted to vice president and sales manager, and his associates credit him with much of the success and standing of this firm in Cleveland financial circles. Mr. Milligan is not a politician in the sense of office seeking, but has always aligned himself strongly with the republican party. As one of the leading young business men of Cleveland he is a member of the Union Club, the Shaker Heights Country Club, the Civic League, Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and is a deacon in the Calvary Presbyterian Church. He and his family reside at 2916 Overlook Road. In New York City September 25, 1909, Mr. Milligan married Miss Beatrice I. Humphrey. Mrs. Milligan was born in New York, was educated in the Horace Mann School and has the degree Bachelor of Literature from Smith College. Their two children, Mary, Louise and Catherine, were both born in Cleveland. FRED W. PARSONS is president of the Parsons & Parsons Company, a Cleveland industry which has a record of nearly forty years of production and increasing prosperity. The present corporation was established about twelve years ago. Mr. Parsons was born at. Cleveland February 12, 1861, son of William and Susan (Jackson) Parsons. His father was widely known in Cleveland business circles, and was horn in Southampton, England, in 1829, a descendant of the famous Parsons family of shipbuilders of many generations. He was liberally educated, graduated from the medical department of Oxford University in England, served as interne in a hospital at London, and in 1848 came to Cleveland. For several years he practiced medicine, and then abandoned the profession for a more active business career. He early became connected with the Lake Shore Railroad, becoming cashier; in which capacity he served for thirteen years, then resigned and later became secretary to J. H. Hardy, president of the Superior Avenue horse car line. Later he set up in practice as an expert accountant and finally was secretary of the Cleveland City Cable Company until that organization was merged with the Cleveland Street Railway Company, forming the Little Consolidated Street Railway Company. He then continued as secretary of that organization until it was merged with the Big Consolidated, remaining with the new corporation until he retired in 1900. He died on Christmas Day, December 25, 1910. He was well known in the organizations of the Independent 24 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Order of Odd Fellows and the Foresters. He married Miss Jackson in Cleveland. Her father was proprietor of the old Center House and the old Stillman House, the latter being located on Columbus and Willey streets, then in Ohio City. Mr. and Mrs. Parsons were parents of six children : Fred W.; Ernest P., of Cleveland; Arthur H., now deceased; Dr. Percy 0., Aubrey L., of Cleveland; and Mrs. W. B. Chapman, of Cleveland. Fred W. Parsons attended public school in this city up to the age of sixteen, and then went to work learning the trade of pattern maker with the J. R. Worswick Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of steam fitting supplies. He spent an apprenticeship of four years, following which he was pattern maker with the Cleveland Bridge and Car Works a short time, and in a similar capacity worked for the Bowler Foundry until 1883. During the next seven years he was in the pattern business for himself, and from 1890 to 1893 was draftsman with the Arctic Ice Machine Company. In 1898 the brothers, Fred W., Ernest and Arthur H., took over the Parsons Collar Company. This industry had been started by their cousin, F. M. Parsons. About that time the firm was changed to Parsons & Parsons and in 1906 was incorporated as the Parsons & Parsons Company by Fred W. Parsons, E. P. Parsons and Arthur H. Parsons. When F. M. Parsons began making collars in 1879 he occupied a room 15x18 feet in dimensions at the corner of Ontario Street and Prospect Avenue. The central feature of the industry has been the manufacture of composition collars and other similar lines, chiefly distributed among the wholesale furnishings trade. In 1905 the company built a plant at 2176 East Seventy-sixth Street, which with 50,000 square feet furnishes room and facilities for sixty-four employes and operatives. This company 's products are widely known all over the country under the brand "Kant Kraek." The business has grown steadily, and quite recently they put on the market a non-breakable doll known as "Kant Krack" doll. This might be called a by-product of the collar business, and the firm spent $27,000 in experimental work before producing the first doll for commercial distribution. In 1908 the company established a Canadian plant at IIamilton, Ontario, and this is for the exclusive manufacture of composition collars and employs twelve people. In 1915 the company established the Metal Machining Tool Com pany in connection with the other industry, and this manufactures automobile and screw machine products and a general line of machinery. Mr. F. W. Parsons is affiliated with Pentalpha Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; is Li member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Athletic Club, Advertising Club, is on the manufacturers' board of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, is a member of the Automobile Club, and the East Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is a republican and an Episcopalian. On August 20, 1884, at Cleveland, Mr. Parsons married Amanda C. Groll. They have two children : Jackson Groll was educated in the public schools and the Howe Military School at Howe, Indiana, and is now treasurer of the Parsons & Parsons Company. The daughter, Rita E., is the wife of Mr. Bruce Chisholm, a prominent Cleveland business man and member of one of its oldest and best known families. COLONEL JEREMIAH J. SULLIVAN. In many of those broader movements and enterprises which have in their results brought. about the greater Cleveland of today, Colonel Jeremiah. J. Sullivan has expended his efforts and influence to the permanent advantage of the community and in such a way as to redound to his lasting credit as a Cleveland man. Taking his life as a whole it has been a long and useful one and of versatile service and experience. His birth occurred on a farm near Fulton, Stark County, Ohio, November 16, 1845. He had only a public school education, and he first passed the horizon of the great world when in his seventeenth year he enlisted as a private in the Third Ohio Independent Battery. He was one of the youngest of the volunteer soldiers of Ohio. This battery was recruited largely from Stark and Columbiana counties. He went into the war before the climax and in time to participate in those eventful and decisive campaigns of Vicksburg, Atlanta and Nashville. After more than two years of service he was granted his honorable discharge July 31, 1865. He was not yet twenty years of age when he returned home a veteran of the great war. In 1867 he became part owner of a general store at Nashville, Holmes County, Ohio. Two years later he bought his partner's interest and continued the business alone until March, 1878. He then sold out and moved to Millers- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 25 burg in the same county, and there for a number of years he was known successfully as a general hardware merchant. In 1889 Mr. Sullivan closed out his business in Millersburg and removed to Cleveland, where he has been an active citizen for over a quarter of a century. He became well known in the public life of the state before he came to Cleveland. In 1879 he was elected on the democratic ticket to the Ohio State Senate from the district comprising Wayne, Holmes, Knox and Morrow counties. With the close of his first term he declined a renomination. In 1885, however, he was again made a candidate and was elected without opposition. The work by which his service in the Senate should be especially remember was in connection with legislation affecting the various state institutions. Mr. Sullivan had charge of the bill which resulted in establishing the Soldiers Home at Sandusky. Not long afterward he became a trustee of the Soldiers Home and served until August., 1911, when all the state institutions were placed under the direct control of a general board of administration. In 1887, while a member of the Senate and without his knowledge or solicitation, President Cleveland made Mr. Sullivan a national bank examiner for the State of Ohio. In that position he gained a very thorough and technical knowledge of banking affairs, a business to which he has since devoted his time and energies with such conspicuous success. He resigned after three years as national bank examiner to become managing director of the Central National Bank of Cleveland. He had taken a leading part in the organization of this bank in March, 1890, and from the beginning to the present has been its controlling spirit, wisely directing its policies and fortifying by his individual character and resources its splendid prestige in the Cleveland financial district. Since April, 1900, Mr. Sullivan has been president of this bank. In 1898 he bought the controlling interest in the First National Bank of Canton, Ohio, was its president until July, 1911, and since his resignation he has continued as a member of its board of directors. In 1904 Colonel Sullivan established the Superior Savings and Trust Company of Cleveland, and has been its president and directing officer throughout the twelve years of its prosperous existence. The two Cleveland financial enterprises which owe their origin to his ability and experience as a financier are among the strongest and most representative in the city and in the state. Colonel Sullivan would in fact be named among any group of prominent American bankers. His opinions have long been quoted as authoritative utterances on the general currency and financial problems of the country and also on many technical phases of banking and bank administration. While the banks with which he has been connected have always been known as conservative institutions, Colonel Sullivan himself has exhibited decided progressiveness in his views on financial subjects. While the average banker perhaps over emphasizes his conservatism, Colonel Sullivan has expressed it with a decided tinge of optimism. This was revealed during the current discussions and criticisms of the currency legislation before Congress during the summer of 1913. Colonel Sullivan was able to recall from his own memory similar apprehensions felt at the time the National Banking Act was passed in 1863. In a published interview he said: "We will not discuss the merits or demerits of the so-called administration bill or Federal Reserve Act, but whatever its defects may be we regard it as a long step forward. If enacted into law its practical workings will reveal its weaknesses and a future Congress will eliminate its defects." After the currency bill of 1913 was adopted Colonel Sullivan was made chairman of the committee of Cleveland citizens in the movement to secure one of the Federal Reserve banks for Cleveland. The successful result was largely due to efforts put forth by Mr. Sullivan. Any number of large organizations and movements have benefited by his active participation and membership. He has served as president of the National Board of Trade, the Ohio State Bankers Association, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Clearing House Association. He has been treasurer since organization of the Merchant Marine League of Cleveland, and is himself interested in Great Lakes shipping as a director and officer of several steamship companies. He also belongs to many of the leading social organizations of the city, and the title by which his friends and associates know him is the result of service as colonel of the Fifth Regiment, Ohio National Guard, an office to which he was elected in 1893. Colonel Sullivan married in 1873 Miss Selina J. Brown. He is the father of one son and two daughters. 26 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS THOMAS G. NEWTON. As a merchant and business man the name of Thomas G. Newton has been familiar to the Cleveland public for forty-five years. Mr. Newton is now head of one of the largest musical instrument and music publishing houses in the Middle West. The years of a long life have brought him secure position in business and substantial esteem and respect as a citizen and man. He was born at Kinsman, Ohio, April 8, 1846, a son of Lemuel and Josephine Antoinette (Gager) Newton. The associations of his early boyhood were with one of the good rural districts of the old Western Reserve. He attended country district school and the Kinsman Academy until 1866, at which time his parents moved to Oberlin, where he entered Oberlin College in 1867, graduating in 1871. After leaving college he spent a few months as clerk in a bank at Oberlin, but on February 29, 1872, came to Cleveland. Here he acted as agent for the Domestic Sewing Machine, and after three years formed the partnership of Bryson & Newton with J. M. Bryson and took the agency for the Household Sewing Machine. For about four years their headquarters were at 298 Pearl Street (now West Twenty-fifth Street), whence they removed to the Case Building, located on ground now occupied by the southeast corner of the present postoffice of Cleveland. In 1878 the partnership was dissolved and about two years later Mr. Newton became interested in the firm of W. B. Davis & Company, haberdashers, the business later being incorporated under the name of the W. B. Davis Company, and was active in conducting the business for three years. Selling his interests, Mr. Newton then became associated with J. G. Richards in the well known musical house of J. G. Richards & Company. Later the business became incorporated under its present name of the J. G. Richards Company. This is an old established house as dealers in musical instruments and publishers of band and orchestra music, and to its success and upbuilding Mr. Newton has devoted many of the best years of his life. Since 1903 he has been president and treasurer of the company. Upon arriving in Cleveland in 1872, Mr. Newton became identified with the First Congregational Church, then located at the corner of State and Detroit streets and known as the "Tower Clock Church," where he served as member and officer for over thirty-five years. Much of his social life has been in connection with the activities of the Congregational churches of Cleveland. He is now one of the two oldest members of the congregational Club of Cleveland and vicinity. On July 5, 1881, at Cleveland, he married Alice S. Creps. Their only son, Arthur H., is a graduate of the Cleveland High School, Oberlin College and Case School of Applied Science, and is now an electrical engineer with the American Telephone and Telegraph Company of New York City. THE TABOR ICE CREAM COMPANY is a Cleveland institution that deserves consideration and study for more reasons than one. It is a model manufactory to begin with, has kept its management and products up to the highest standards of sanitary and wholesome production of an article whose popularity with the consuming public of America needs no explanation. It is also a very efficient and at the same time democratic business organization, and as such the results achieved and methods followed might be studied with profit by many other concerns. The business was incorporated February 23, 1915, by Frank B; Tabor, president, R. 0. Rote, vice president, H. S. French, treasurer, and J. D. Alexander, secretary. On October 10, 1916, the business was reorganized, taking in four new members, and since then the officers have been : J. B. Crouse, president; Frank B. Tabor, first vice president and general manager; A. A. Chapin, second vice president; H. A. Tremaine, treasurer; C. E. Kennedy, secretary and assistant treasurer, and other directors are H. S. French, George B. Siddall and George B. Sacks. The company was at first capitalized at $100,000, and in August, 1916, the capitalization was increased to $2,000,000, $1,000,000 common and $1,000,000 preferred stock. Doubtless the greatest public interest will be felt in some statistics reflecting the tremendous growth and the vitality of this business. The first year the sales amounted to 300,000 gallons of ice cream, the second year the sales were $570,000, while in 1916 the total was $630,000. The company began with only 5,200 square feet of floor space, while today their model plant furnishes 130,000 square feet, and those who are expert and in a position to judge assert that this plant has not a superior among the ice cream factories of the entire world. Of course efficiency in operation, installation of most modern appliances and machinery, are all emphasized. but the feature which will chiefly impress the public is the emphasis placed upon sanitary CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 27 measures. Every room in which milk or cream is handled is finished in white tile—ceilings, walls and floors. In connection with the plant the company operates four 100 ton per day compressors, furnishing refrigeration equivalent to the melting of 400 tons of ice. These machines serve a double purpose and can be used either for direct refrigeration or the manufacture of ice. The company when it started employed only forty people, while today the pay roll provides salaries for 135. In the way of equipment they operate 65 wagons and automobiles. Another interesting feature of the business is the contract which they made at the beginning and which still continues with a mutual milk producing organization known as the Erie County Milk Association. This association furnishes the company all its cream. The Erie County Milk Association is noteworthy in being the only one of its kind in the United States comprised of farmers which has held together and has done business and prospered for more than a generation. The Tabor Ice Cream Company itself was founded on a basis of integrity of purpose and with the object of giving the people of Cleveland a high grade of ice cream such as would measure up to every test and standard of perfection. The successful carrying out of this ideal purpose accounts for the fact that the demand for the product has doubled in less than three years. The company maintains an open-door policy in that the public is invited day or night, to inspect the premises and examine all the processes connected with the manufacture of the ice cream, and it is only an organization absolutely and confidently assured of its sincerity and integrity of practices which could afford to expose itself to inspection and criticism under every condition of time and circumstance. Reference has already been made to the model system of administration within the company. They attain some of the results which are theoretically cherished in an ideal form of industrial organization. There is a complete democratization of the business. No employe is ever dismissed by the heads of departments until he is given a fair trial before a committee of his fellow workmen. The idea is that it does not pay to punish any employe for a fault, and the object to he obtained is correcting that fault, and dismissal is provided only for ineradicable faults. The company also gives a monthly lunch and business meeting to all the employes and the entire force are required to attend, and criticisms and suggestions for the benefit or the correction of faults in the institution are invited and any grievances on the part of employes are taken up and discussed and become the basis of alterations of policy and practice during the next month. HON. WILLIAM AGNEW, state senator from Cuyahoga County, and a successful Cleveland lawyer, has played several capable and interesting roles in public and business affairs at Cleveland, where he has had his home since early boyhood. Mr. Agnew is a Scotchman by birth, born at Glasgow May 30, 1870, son of John and Elizabeth (Black) Agnew. His parents are now deceased. He was only eleven months old when his mother died in Glasgow, and soon afterwards his father started for the United States, leaving his only son and child William with the latter's grandmother Agnew. In May, 1877, the grandmother and an uncle brought him to America and Cleveland. He was then seven years of age. In the meantime his father had married Miss Jean Dewar, a young Scotchwoman of Cleveland. The father lived in Cleveland from 1871 to 1881. and during that time he was an employe of The Cleveland Rolling Mill Company, now part of The American Steel and Wire Company. He was killed as a result of an accident while constructing a steel plant at Joliet, Illinois, where he was a master mechanic. His death occurred in 1893. His widow is still living. There were six children by the second marriage of Mr. Agnew's father. Senator Agnew grew up in Cleveland, attended the public schools, and in 1887 at the age of seventeen found work as clerk in the Cleveland postoffice. He was a postal employe of this city for sixteen years until 1903. While in that work his talent as an organizer came into conspicuous evidence and he took an active part in establishing and building up the National Association of Postoffice Clerks. For three years, 1896-99, he was secretary and in 1901 was president of this national association. While in the postoffice Mr. Agnew took up the study of law with the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin University, and received his degree LL. B. from that institution in June, 1906. In the meantime in 1903 he be- 28 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS came chief deputy clerk of courts of Cuyahoga County, and filled that office until August, 1911. He was admitted to the bar in 1906 and in 1911 he opened his private law office in the Engineers Building and has been in the same suite ever since. As a lawyer he is a widely recognized tax specialist, and most of his practice concerns tax matters. For this work he has unusual qualifications derived from long experience in public affairs. In June, 1913, Mr. Agnew became chief clerk of the Cleveland Board of Review and in September of that year was made president of the board and filled that office until March 1, 1914, when the Board of Review was superseded by another body. December 1, 1913, Mr. Agnew became deputy state tax commissioner for Cuyahoga County. This local commission was composed of two members, Mr. Agnew being the democratic representative with John D. Fackler as the progressive republican member. He was on this commission until April 1, 1915, when a change of administration occurred. Senator Agnew has for many years been an influential figure in local democratic politics. In 1903-04 he was secretary of the Democratic County Committee while the late Tom, L. Johnson was its chairman. He is a member of the Democratic Club of Cuyahoga County and is a non-resident member of the Columbus Athletic Club of Columbus and lives in the club quarters while attending sessions of the legislature in the capital city. Mr. Agnew was elected to the state senate in the fall of 1916 for a term of two years. In the senate he is a member of the Committee on Judiciary and the Standing Committee on Taxation. He was also appointed to the Special Joint Committee on Taxation composed of four members from each house, equally divided as to politics between republicans and democrats. Senator Agnew is known in Cleveland as a man of broad and diversified interests and has many associations with the social life of the city. He was master in 1902 of Neyburg Lodge No. 379, Free and Accepted Masons; was high priest in 1903 of Baker Chapter No. 139, Royal Arch Masons; is a member of the Cleveland Council, Royal and Select Masons; was commander from June, 1915, to June, 1916, of Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar, and is a member of Lake Erie Consistory of the Thirty-second degree Scottish Rite, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He served as chancellor in 1896 of Standard Lodge No. 46 of the Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the Order of Scottish Clans, of St. Andrew's Benevolent Society of Cleveland, is secretary of the Burns Curling Club and is now in his second year as president of The American Bowling Congress and is likewise in the second year of his office as president of The Cleveland Bowling Association. Bowling is Senator Agnew's favorite sport and diversion. He is a member and a director of the Cleveland Athletic Club, City Club, Civic League, and Cleveland Single Tax Club, and he and his wife are members of the Miles Park Presbyterian Church of Cleveland. June 20, 1899, at Cleveland Senator Agnew married Miss Anna B. Coville. Mrs. Agnew was born and educated in Cleveland, being a graduate of the old Central High School, after which she taught for a number of years in the Broadway School. She is a daughter of Robert and Sarah Caville, both of whom were born in England and are now deceased. FRANK J. JEROME. In America there has hardly been a briefer or more generally accepted standard of measurement for a lawyer's success and ability than that implied in the phrase "railway attorney." While the brains and resourcefulness of the bar have been freely claimed by other corporate forms of business, it is undeniable that the railroads have first and last employed many of the most brilliant minds and the greatest lights in the legal profession. It is in the field of railway and general corporation law that Frank J. Jerome has applied his efforts with most distinctive success, and for a quarter of a century has been in the legal department of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, now the New York Central, at Cleveland. Mr. Jerome was born at Painesville, Ohio, November 2, 1855, and still resides in that city, though his office and business headquarters are in the New York Central Railroad Company's Building on West Third and St. Clair streets in Cleveland. His parents were Joseph and Susan C. (Foster) Jerome, of an old established family of Lake County, Ohio. Mr. Jerome was educated in the public schools of Painesville. graduated from high school and from there entered the law department of the University of Michigan. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1877, and from that year until 1893 practiced at Painesville, most of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 29 time as a member of the law firm of Burrows & Jerome. On June 1, 1893, he entered the law department of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway Company of Cleveland, was appointed general attorney for the road in 1901 and in 1912 became general counsel for the Lake Shore .& Michigan Southern Railway Company and its leased and operated lines. In addition to his responsibilities as attorney for the New York Central he is a director of the New York Central Railroad Company, the Big Four Railway Company, the Toledo & Ohio Central Railway Company, the Lake Erie & Pittsburgh, and the Lake Erie & Eastern Railway Company. He is also a director of the National Mortgage Company of Cleveland. Mr. Jerome is a trustee of Lake Erie College at Painesville, is a member of the Union Club of Cleveland and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. September 10, 1884, he married Miss Lucy E. Dingley. They have one son, Frank Jay Jerome. THE TELLING-BELLE VERNON COMPANY is far from being the largest industry in Cleveland. It does not have the capital of many banks and business houses, the value of its output is much less than a number of steel and automobile industries, and yet probably a larger number of individuals are directly and personally interested in either its product or the standards of its service than could be said of any other business organization in the city or the entire Cleveland district. The Telling-Belle Vernon Company is an organization, a system, a service, an industry involving much machinery and hundreds of trained individuals—and all of it for the one express object of producing, manufacturing and distributing to the general trade and the individual consumer the highest and best quality of milk and milk products. As an organization it comprehends a number of high class dairy farms, some of them many miles from Cleveland and others within the suburban district. There are also creameries, receiving stations, plants for cooling, bottling. Pasteurizing, laboratories for the production of certified and modified milk, and an enormous amount of technical machinery and detail involving the transportation and handling, including any number of automobile trucks and small delivery wagons. Like most big things The Telling-Belle Vernon Company had a modest origin. In fact it began over twenty-five years ago when 'William E. Telling, president of the company, started a dairy and a one-wagon milk route. Some facts concerning the story of the progress of the business will be found in the personal sketch of Mr. Telling elsewhere. Today the company operates 150 wagons and automobile trucks in its ice cream trade alone, and whereas twenty years or so ago the company had one five-gallon freezer, its refrigeraeration equipment alone now represents a larger investment than many individual businews in Cleveland. Another item showing the extent of the business is the stables maintained for the care and housing of nearly 600 horses. The company has been first and foremost in setting and maintaining the highest standards of sanitary equipment and practice, and its name is not only a synonym for sanitary milk products, but the service and the influence of the organization have been extended and carried over to other phases of Cleveland life, and several times the company has supplied equipment to the public authorities for the purpose of fighting flies and protecting and safeguarding health in general. The milk produced and distributed by The Telling-Belle Vernon Company is produced under the cleanest possible conditions all the way from the stables to the delivery to the consumer. It is practically true that the human hand does not touch the milk through. out the entire process. There is machinery for cooling, for pasteurizing, for bottling. All the milk except that produced under the strictest and most expensive sanitary conditions and graded and classified as certified milk and nursery milk, retailed and known through the Walker-Gordon service, is pasteurized before being retailed to the trade. The officers of The Telling-Belle Vernon Company are: W. E. Telling, president ; J. H. Coolidge, vice president; F. H. Ginn, secretary; and J. C. Telling, treasurer. The general offices are located at 3821-3835 Cedar Avenue, Southeast. WILLIAM E. TELLING is president of The Telling-Belle Vernon Company and with probably a majority of the people living in the Cleveland community and district that is all the introduction that is required to understand Mr. Telling's general position in the business world and something of his achievement. If anyone could be justified in taking a reasonable pride in his special business it is William E. Telling. 30 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Mr. Telling is a native of "the Heart of New Connecticut," and was born at South Euclid in Cuyahoga County, October 30, 1869. His parents are William and Mary (Weaspeaker) Telling, a venerable old couple who celebrated their sixtieth wedding anniversary on January 26, 1918. They are of course now retired, living their winters with their daughters in Cleveland and their summers at their old home in South Euclid. William Telling many years ago was sheriff of Cuyahoga County. Further reference to him is made on other pages. Of the ten children in the family three died in infancy, and there has not been another death in the family for over fifty years. The survivors are five sons and two daughters and the sons are all interested in The Telling-Belle Vernon Company. These children in order of age are J. C. Telling, treasurer of The Telling-Belle Vernon Company and vice president of the Walter H. Telling Realty Company; Mrs. Edward Deitz; William E., Charles B. and Frank D., of Cleveland ; Mrs. Fred Ott of Cleveland ; Walter H., president of the Walter H. Telling Realty Company. William E. Telling was educated in the public schools of South Euclid and took two special courses in night school at Cleveland. His father was a farmer and the son grew up on the farm, learned how tb grow the crops of the field, how to handle the stock in the barn, and was a practical all around farmer before he became a dairyman. Mr. Telling was twenty-four years of age when he started a small dairy in the country and later established connections with the Cleveland city district. During 1891-93 he expanded his business from dairying as a productive industry to the general milk business, including also the distribution of the product. In 1893 he formed a partnership with his brother at Lake View, and in 1894 the Telling Brothers Ice Cream Company was incorporated with William E. Telling as nresident, and all his other brothers stockholders. In 1905 the business was incorporated under the name The Telling Brothers. For fifteen years the business grew and prospered. and at the end of that time the company bought The Belle-Vernon Milk Company in 1908 and continued it. under its individual name for some years. but in 1916 reorganized as The Telling-Belle Vernon Company. This is an institution now that does a gross business of $5.000.000 a year in milk and milk products. While it grew up and always had its principal head quarters at Cleveland, the company now operates branches in Columbus, Akron, Youngstown and Steubenville. The firm now dispenses nearly 10,000,000 quarts of ice cream annually. Further reference to the business is found in a separate article. Not long ago a correspondent in the Cleveland Plain Dealer credited Mr. Telling with inaugurating the modern milk delivery serv-, ice in Cleveland, changing from the old custom of dipping the milk from a large can into a crock or pan brought out to the wagon at the curb by the customer, to carrying the milk in individual bottles and leaving them at the back steps of the home. In the same article Mr. Telling is said to have inaugurated a determined campaign for popularizing ice cream. It was not so many years ago when ice cream was obtained only in a few special "ice cream parlors" and that it is possible to get this popular commodity today at practically every corner drug store and thousands of other establishments is due in part to the service of Mr. Telling's company in advertising its product and in putting it within the reach of the individual consumer. Mr. Telling is a Cleveland business man of many interests, is a director and officer in several corporations, including the State Banking & Trust Company of Cleveland. He is also well known in social and club life, is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Clifton Club, Colonial Club, Willowick Country Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, West Side Chamber of Industry, Columbus 'Athletic Club of Columbus, Cleveland Automobile Club, and is president of the Inter-City Ice Cream Manufacturers' Association of Cleveland. In 1893 Mr. Telling married at Cleveland Miss Margaret E. Bayton. Mrs. Telling died at Cleveland June 22, 1915. She was the mother of two children : Constance, now Mrs. Richard Kroesen, of Cleveland ; and Gwendolyn Hawthorn, at home with her father. Mr. Telling resides on Edgewater Drive. and aside from his business and home his chief hobby and interests are represented by flowers and birds. LEWIS HARRIS KITTREDGE. The impetus given to the great manufacturing interests of the world by the introduction of the automobile marked the beginning of an epoch of world-wide commercial prosperity. Within this era the United States has enjoyed superior advantages largely because of her many keen, resourceful and far-visioned business men, who CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 31 have recognized and made use of the great opportunities at hand. While France was the first nation to make a practical demonstration of the automobile, and as recently as 1898 held its first public exhibition of these machines destined to be of such inestimable use to the world, in the United States were men of mechanical genius who had already solved many of the perplexing problems of early construction, and they soon had on the market types of motor cars excelling in every way an7 previously contrived. This supremacy has largely been maintained, and Cleveland in this industry, as in many others, has become an important center and is the home of the Peerless Motor Car Company, producers of a perfected modern motor car elsewhere unequaled in America. At the head of this company as president is Lewis Harris Kittredge, one of Cleveland's solid and enterprising business men. Lewis Harris Kittredge was born at Harrisville in Cheshire County, New Hampshire, June 18, 1871, where his people were old settlers, his maternal ancestors having given the name to his birthplace. He attended the public schools and following his graduation from the high school, entered the New Hampshire State College at Durham, from which he was graduated in 1896 with his B. S. degree. Thus well equipped, Mr. Kittredge began his business career, for one year being engaged with the New York Belting & Packing Company at Passaic, New Jersey. From there he came to Cleveland and became identified with the Peerless Manufacturing Company, in 1899 becoming secretary and manager of the same. In 1901 his responsibilities increased with his being made treasurer. In 1902 the Peerless Manufacturing Company, through change of name, became the Peerless Motor Car Company, of which Mr. Kittredge in 1903 became vice president, and in 1906 was elected president, which office he has ever since -filled with the greatest efficiency. The present great establishment of the Peerless Motor Car Company is the result of a gradual evolution from manufacturing operations on several special lines antecedent to and coinciding with the rise of the American automobile industry. Its parent concern, the Peerless Manufacturing Company, took an active part in bicycle manufacturing when that industry was at its height. In 1900 the company embarked in the business of manufacturing parts for one or two makes of American automobiles and in 1901 it made a Vol - III-3 big advance, securing the rights to build the De-Dion Bouton Motorette, under the De-Dion patents, and for a year afterward that pioneer among American motor cars was produced at its Cleveland factory, then a plant of but moderate dimensions and capacity, situated on Lisbon Street. When the organization was effected in 1902, under the name of the Peerless Motor Car Company, the first Peerless motor cars were built, these being of two cylinders with vertical motor located under a bonnet at the front, which has since been the universal practice. The business expanded rapidly and corresponding progress was made in facilities and improvements. Extensive new grounds were acquired in 1904, at East Ninety-third Street and Quincy Avenue, which were covered with large buildings wholly devoted to the operations of the company, and the property has since been greatly enlarged by other ground purchases. The original two-cylinder cars were soon replaced by those of four cylinder, and this company was also among the pioneers in six-cylinder construction. It was the first to introduce into the United States the improvements of four-speed transmission and of bevel. gear rear axle with dished rear wheels, on which it holds patents. In recent years it introduced the side entrance to the tonneau, by being the first to build this type in commercial quantities in America, and has been a leader in adopting electric lighting and electric starting by means of separate motors for its cars. During the early period of automobile development the Peerless Company gained a wide reputation along the lines of competition enterprises, then regarded by rather particular favor by both the profession and the public. Barney Oldfield became famous in the racing world in charge of the "Green Dragon," a racing car which met and conquered all corners, and did much to firmly establish the celebrity and superiority of the Peerless makes. Prior to withdrawing from the annual Glidden tour, a policy which all the old line manufacturers followed, the Peerless company had several times completed the contest with perfect scores. When the Peerless began business it started with 10,000 square feet of floor space, while today it covers over 600,000 square feet and utilizes twenty acres of ground. It .gives employment to about 3,000 people. Its officers are: Lewis Harris Kittredge, president; 32 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS T. W. French, first vice president ; W. H. Staring, second vice president; E. H. Covert, secretary and treasurer ; W. R. Strickland, chief engineer; R. J. Schmunk, general sales manager; G. E. Twitmyer, advertising manager. Since the outbreak of the World war, Mr. Kittredge's company has been largely concerned in supplying the demand for motor trucks by foreign governments, especially Great Britain, and undoubtedly will find increasing demands made nearer home in the near future. To have risen to the head of so important an enterprise as the Peerless Motor Company, in comparatively so short a time, indicates that Mr. Kittredge is equipped with great business capacity, and such is the estimate of the leaders in the motor industry and in commercial circles of which it is so large and dominating a factor at the present time. The American man has been sometimes criticized because of his habit of putting business before pleasure, yet many of the country's most alert business men have not overlooked the fact that normal recreation occupies an important place in even a very busy life and, like Mr. Kittredge, have connected themselves with organizations promising the same. Mr. Kittredge is a valued member of the Cleveland Athletic, the Clifton and the Union clubs, the Cleveland Auto Club, the Mayfield Country Club and the Portage Country Club of Akron, Ohio. OSCAR PACE. To at least two generations of Americans the name Pach has a significance in connection with the highest and most perfect forms of the photographic art. While the talents of the family reached their best in the various phases of portrait photography, it is only necessary to turn over the pages of some of the leading illustrated periodicals of the last thirty years to find how frequently these illustrations have been based upon work executed by a Pach in general outdoor and portrait photography. Considering the fame and artistic reputation associated with the name, Cleveland is to be congratulated upon the presence in this city of Oscar Pach, a son of one of the famous Pach Brothers of New York. Oscar Pach was born in New York City November 27, 1888, son of G. W. and Matilda Pach. G. W. Pach was born in Berlin, Germany, June 30, 1844, and after an education in the public schools eame, to America at the age of sixteen, first living in Philadelphia, and then on account of ill health removing to Toms River, New Jersey. That was still in the early and pioneer days of photographic art, which was still in the old ambrotype and tintype stage largely. At Toms River he opened a small photograph studio, conducted it a year, but gave up the profession to enlist as a soldier during the Civil war in the Washington Grays. Following the war he opened a studio at 841 Broadway in New York City. That was the beginning of the famous studio of Pach Brothers patronized by more than a generation of the celebrities of America, so that Pach Brothers justly earned a fame among the best known photographers in the world. Among the numerous distinctions enjoyed by Pach Brothers was the appointment of G. W. Pach as official photographer of West Point Military Academy. This appointment was conferred by General Graut. A studio is still maintained at West Point by Pach Brothers. G. W. Pach also had the honor of photographing all the presidents of the United States from Grant to Roosevelt. He continued active in his chosen profession until his death in 1903. G. W. Pach and wife were married in New York City and were the parents of three children, Minna, Jerome, and Oscar, the former a resident of New York. Oscar Pach grew up in an artistic atmosphere and was supplied all the advantages of a liberal education. Until he was twenty years of age he attended Dr. Harris' private school at Lakewood, New York, and then went abroad and for fifteen months devoted himself to the study of photography in some of the famous German Schools, including the School of Photography at Munich, Rudolph Duehrhoop Studio at Hamburg, Frau Minya Diez at Berlin. With this training to supplement his own pronounced talents he returned to New York City and opened a private studio in the building known as the House of Flowers. He conducted this two years? He then became associated under contract with the great firm of Underwood & Underwood, probably the greatest house in the world supplying photographic and other illustrative material for commercial use. With this firm he was manager of the portrait studio for two years. After leaving them Mr. Pach came to Cleveland to establish the Oscar Pach Studio, which well deserves the reputation of being the most artistic and unique studio in the city. The studio itself represents a large investment of capital and is a product of most careful CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 33 study and arrangement on the part of Mr. Pilch. He has endeavored and succeeded in building up a harmonious atmosphere and one that tends to bring proper relaxation and ease to patrons and removes the nervousness and stilted awkwardness which is the biggest handicap to successful photographic portraiture. The studio has been decorated to represent a beautiful music room such as would only be found in the finest private homes. Mr. Pach has recently established a New York studio in connection with his Cleveland business. ERNEST BRADLEY SOUTHWICK is an attorney by profession and training, but most of his work has been in the field of financial management and he is now serving as trust officer and assistant secretary of the Guarantee Title & Trust Company. This institution, with its resources of more than 1,500,000 and with some of Cleveland's best known business and professional men on its board of directors and officers, is the oldest and largest title and trust company in Ohio. Mr. Southwick is a comparatively young man for the responsibilities he enjoys. He was born December 17, 1885, at Peru, Indiana, son of John J. and Rebecca M. (Maurer) Southwick. His parents for the past nine years have lived retired in Cleveland, his father at the age of seventy-one. His father was born in Mount Vernon, Ohio, and his mother in Newcastle, Indiana, and they were married in the latter city. John J. Southwick was a soldier in the Civil war with an Ohio regiment, spending two years as a private and was mustered out at Cleveland. When Ernest B. Southwick was about five years of age his parents moved to Ohio. and they lived about fifteen years at Miamisburg in this state before coming to Cleveland. There are two children, Lotta Ella, at home with her parents, and Ernest B. Ernest B. Southwick was educated in the public schools of Miamisburg, Ohio, graduated from the Steele High School of Dayton. and for three years was a student in Miami University. Later for two years he was in the law department of Western Reserve University and from that entered the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace College, from which be graduated LL. B. in 1909. Admitted to the Ohio bar in June of that year, he had been in the law offices gaining valuable experiences under the firm of Smith, Taft & Arter for the last year in law school, and remained there for a year or so longer. He was also connected with another law firm for a time. On December 15, 1911, Mr. Southwick entered the service of the Guarantee Title & Trust Company as office attorney. Three months later he was made assistant treasurer, and from that was promoted to trust officer and assistant secretary. In September, 1915, he resigned to become one of the organizers and take the position of secretary of the National Mortgage Company. He was with that concern until its affairs were well organized and then on January 1, 1917, returned to the Guarantee Title & Trust Company in his old position. Mr. Southwick is a member of the Phi Delta Theta and Theta Nu Epsilon college fraternities, of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Colonial Club, Gyro Club, Cleveland Tennis Club, Cleveland Yacht Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Cleveland Bar Association, and is junior deacon of the Calvary Presbyterian Church. While in university he was active in all the student affairs, especially in athletics, played on the baseball, football, and was a member of the track team of Miami University. Mr. Southwick married Miss Hertha B. Conwell, of Cleveland, who died in June, 1913. Mr. Southwick resides at 7501 Lexington Avenue. JOHN GOULD JENNINGS. In every community there are certain men whose forceful personalities and enthusiastic convictions with regard to its future dominate various avenues of progress and make possible advancement and development. For the most part these men will be found to be identified with large industrial concerns and to possess great business capacity, their connection with important matters giving them the prestige necessary for the carrying out of movements for the civic welfare. In this class undoubtedly stands John Gould Jennings, vice president treasurer and director of the Lamson & Sessions Company, and variously connected with other large business interests, a large part of whose daily activities consisted in the support and leadership of enterprises and institutions formed for the welfare of the city and its people. Mr. Jennings was born at Cleveland, Ohio, September 28, 1856, and is a son of John Giles Jennings. His father was born at Derby, Connecticut, November 5, 1825, and secured his education in the public schools and at Oberlin College, after his graduation from which insti- 34 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS tution he came to Cleveland in 1849. Here he engaged in the real estate and insurance business, and was general agent at Cleveland for the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York until his death, in December, 1896. He was married at Bennington, Vermont, May 9, 1855, to Caroline Conkling, and they became the parents of three children : Caroline R., who is now Mrs. N. S. Calhoun, of Cleveland; her twin, John Gould; and George C., born December 20, 1861, who died November 30, 1895. John Gould Jennings attended the public and high schools of Cleveland, graduating from the latter in 1874, and then entered Yale University, from which he received his degree in 1878. Returning to Cleveland, he became bookkeeper for the Wilcox-Treadway Company (now the Peck Stow & Wilcox Company), with which he remained three years, then being sent by his father to Grizzly Flats, California, to look after some of the elder man's mining interests. In October, 1883, he again came to Cleveland and resumed bookkeeping, this time with the firm of Lamson, Sessions & Company, and in July, 1884, when the business was incorporated as the Lamson & Sessions Company, became treasurer and a director. To the duties of these positions those of vice president were added in 1911. Mr. Jennings is also secretary and a director of the Johnston & Jennings Company, foundry and manufacturers; a director in the Clifton Park Land Company ; a director in the Realty Underwriting Company; and a director in the Union Mortgage Company ; and as one of the foremost and most energetic business men of the city holds a directorship in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Various civic affairs have attracted his attention and enlisted his capable services, and at this time he is a trustee of the Riverside Cemetery and of the Cleveland Welfare Federation, and treasurer and a trustee of the Jones Home for Friendless Children. He is a firm believer in temperance, and one of the active members of the Dry Campaign Committee. His religious connection is with the Congregational Church and he belongs to the Pilgrim Congregational Society. He is also well and popularly known in club life and holds membership in the Union and Clifton clubs, the Westwood Country Club, the Cleveland Yacht Club, the Cleveland Automobile Club and the Chamber of Commerce Club. His political support is given to the republican party. For thirty-five years he has been identified with the business and civic interests of Cleveland, and during this entire time has maintained a high standard of ethics. No citizen has been more active in the promotion of progress and advancement, and none enjoys a higher standing, either in business or social circles. Mr. Jennings was married at Cleveland, January 23, 1884, to Lillian M. Lamson, daughter of Isaac P. Lamson, and to this union there has been born one son : Isaac Lamson, January 14, 1885. He attended the Cleveland graded and high schools and graduated from Yale University in 1907, at which time he secured a position in the factory of Lamson & Sessions Company. Later he became a traveling salesman for this concern and in 1915 was elected to a directorship. FRANK BLArcssLEE, who died at his home in Cleveland February 26, 1905, is well remembered as a prominent business and insurance man, and especially for his prominence in fraternal organizations. He was born in Conneaut, Ohio, May 6, 1845, and was sixty years of age when he died. He spent nearly all his life in Ohio, though for a time he was in the fishing business at Beaver Island, Michigan. Later he was connected with the Lake Shore Railway Company at Ashtabula, and on coming to Cleveland was for a time employed by the Diebold Safe & Lock Company and later was bookkeeper at the old Fulton Market. From that he entered the insurance business and for fifteen years before his death had an office in the Benedict Building. 11p to the time of his death he had been for fourteen years grand secretary of the Knights and Ladies of Honor. His funeral was held at his residence. and besides a large number of relatives and friends the members of Banner Lodge of Knights and Ladies of Honor were present in a body, and also the grand lodge officers of the order at Cleveland. He was laid to rest in Lakeview Cemetery. Mr. Blakeslee was also affiliated with the Knights of Pythias, the Protected Home Circle, the Pathfinders, with the Beneficiary Hall Association, and was a director in the Pythian Temple Association. In a business way he represented the Commercial Mutual Accident and the Fraternities Accident companies. On April 16, 1868, he married Miss Lucretia B. Stone, of Kingsville, Ohio. He was survived by Mrs. Blakeslee, and by six children. These children are : Frank R., who is in the general insurance business with offices in the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 35 Hippodrome Building at Cleveland; Raymond F., also a general insurance broker, with offices in the Williamson Building; Nellie, at home; Grace, Mrs. George Matthews, of Cleveland; Mrs. Lucretia Meyers, of Cleveland; and Mrs. Ira Pinkerton, of Kingsville, Ohio. FRANK R. BLAKESLEE has an individual place among Cleveland business men in the general insurance, real estate and surety bond business, with offices at 306 Hippodrome Building. He was born in Cleveland December 8, 1882, a son of the late Frank Blakeslee, whose record appears on other pages of this publication. Frank R. Blakeslee was educated in the public schools of Cleveland and served his business apprenticeship as it were in the position of bookkeeper for the Cowing Engineering Company. He was with that firm three years, and then went into the insurance business for himself. He has developed a large business as representative of several well known companies, including the Northwestern National Insurance Company of Milwaukee and the National Liberty Fire Insurance Company. He is also a stockholder in several corporations. Mr. Blakeslee is a republican in politics, but office holding has never aroused any special enthusiasm with him. He is affiliated with Bigelow Lodge No. 243, Free and Accepted Masons; Thatcher Chapter, Royal Arch Ma-80118 ; Holy-rood Commandery, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Sirat Grotto. He is also a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Yacht Club and of Trinity Congregational Church. He married Miss Elsie Wolff, a native of Cleveland and daughter of Charles and Emily Wolff. WILLIAM PARMELEE MURRAY, who died February 27, 1918, was one of the strong men around whom rallied other strong men and many of the most important interests of Cleveland during the past forty years. His long continued membership in the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company is sufficient of itself to indicate the high position he enjoyed in business affairs. He was born at Mentor, Ohio, July 12, 1854, of Scotch-Irish ancestry and of an old family of the Western Reserve. His ancestors lived for several generations in the eastern part of Pennsylvania. His grandfather, John Murray, came out of Pennsylvania to Ohio in 1810, journeying with an ox team and set- tied in the wilderness near Concord in Lake County. He located there when this western country was still sundered from the East by distance and the hardships of pioneer travel. One of the chief sources of money in the West at the time and one of the best business opportunities presented came from the driving and Sale of cattle from the western farms to the markets of Philadelphia and other Atlantic seaports. John Murray developed that business on an extensive scale. He bought cattle all over Eastern Ohio, drove them over the mountain roads to Chester and Lancaster counties, to Pennsylvania, and continued that business for a long number of years. He was also a banker and organized the First National, now the Painesville National Bank. He was a man of such integrity and business resourcefulness that he enjoyed almost unlimited credit with the bankers of Cleveland, with all of whom in that day he transacted business. The father of the late Mr. Murray was Robert Murray II, so designated to distinguish him from his uncle of the same name. He and his brothers also took up the cattle droving business to the eastern markets, and carried it on until the building of railroads made it unprofitable. As a cattle drover he went about over the country frequently carrying large amounts of cash in his saddle bags, and it was a business which was not without risk and personal danger. He had the character of his father and like the older Murray enjoyed the almost unlimited confidence of business men. The high tide of his business as a stock dealer was during the Civil war, when he drove immense herds over the Allegheny Mountains to supply the eastern markets. He and other members of the Murray family were identified with banking at Painesville. From 1845 until his death at the age of eighty-two he lived at Mentor, and his old homestead there afterwards descended to his son, William P. Robert Murray II married Sophronia Parmelee of another pioneer family of the Western Reserve. At the early age of fourteen William Parmelee Murray graduated from the high school of Mentor. Ohio. When he first came to Cleveland nearly half a century ago he made his advent to the city riding on horseback. For about three years until 1873 he was connected with the banking house of E. B. Hale & Company. first as office boy, subsequently being promoted to clerk. From 1873 to April 1, 1881, he was connected with the Merchants 38 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS National Bank, and gave up banking to enter a larger and more important line of industry, the iron ore and Coal trade. For two years he was with the Cleveland Furnace Company in its big iron plant at Steubenville, and from 1883 to 1888 was traveling representative selling pig iron for the Tod-Stambaugh Company. In 1888 Mr. Murray established the coal department of Pickands, Mather & Company. It was chiefly under his direction and with the impetus of his energy that the coal department of this old established house of Cleveland came in time to represent a large share of the volume of business done by the entire organization. He became a member of the firm, and some of its greatest achievements and some of the splendid service the organization represents is directly due to the initiative and the determined energy and purpose of the late William P. Murray. Mr. Murray was also a director of the Huron Barge Company, the Inter-Lake Company and the Ashtabula Steamship Company. Cleveland people remember him as much more than a successful business man. His interests and support were given to all the good things in the life of his community. He was the founder and chief backer of the Cleveland Athletic Club, served as its first president from 1908 to 1914, and after that was its honorary president. He was a member of the Union Club, Euclid Club, Roadside Club, Century Club, Tavern Club, Hermit Club, and outside of Cleveland belonged to the Duquesne Club of Pittsburgh and the Ellicott Square and Buffalo clubs of Buffalo. Fraternally he was affiliated with Tyrian Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Ilolyrood Commandery, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. His political convictions were always expressed by the republican party, but in practical politics he had no part and studiously avoided anything like official honors. He was distinguished by his love for good horses and by his expert horsemanship. He owned a number of very 'fine animals, but this interest was always pursued merely as a recreation and without expectation of financial profit. He was one of the founders and at one time president of the Gentlemen 's Driving Club of Cleveland, and was also financially interested in the track at North Randall. He also owned a fine stock farm at West Mentor. On October 3, 1877, Mr. Murray married at Medina, New York, Miss Jeanie C. Castle, daughter of - Reuben S. Castle. Three children were born to their marriage; Edith C., Helen P. and Margaret B. Edith married Walter C. Teagle, of Cleveland, and died in July, 1908. Margaret is the wife of Clifford S. Dangler of Cleveland. Miss Helen Murray inherits her father's love for horses and is a skilled driver. She holds the world's record for women drivers. The life of the late William P. Murray filled a broad practical scope. With it all he possessed a fine personality, was most kind hearted, and had that rare faculty of making enduring friendships to which he was always faithful and which comprised one of the strongest bonds and comforts of his life. CHARLES RUFUS DODGE is one of the prominent bankers of Cleveland, and banking has been his profession and business primarily since he was twenty-five years of age. At one time he was chief bank examiner for the State of Ohio. He recently became president of the State Banking & Trust Company of Cleveland, an institution which at the beginning of 1918 showed resources of over $5,000.000. The company has capital stock of $250,000, surplus and profits of over $150,000, and its deposits at the time mentioned were approximately $4,800,000. The principal officers are: D. R. James, chairman of the board; Charles R. Dodge, president ; C. II. Beardslee, vice president ; F. H. Rose, vice president; John Jaster, secretary, and J. L. Wadsworth, treasurer. In the summer of 1918 the bank celebrated an important event in its history when it formally completed the extensive remodeling of its building at 741 Euclid Avenue. This work, done at a cost of about $100,000, is largely the concrete expression of the ideas of Mr. Dodge, and the result is one of the handsomest fronts of any banking house in Cleveland. and also a thoroughly modern and perfect arrangement of the interior banking quarters. Mr. Dodge is a native of New Lyme, Ashtabula County. He represents one of the old and very honored families of the Ohio Western Reserve. The original American ancestor and founder of the family was Tristram Dodge. who came from England in 1660 and located on Block Island, Rhode Island. In a later generation of the family was Jeremiah Dodge, who fought as a soldier of the American Revolution and when in advanced years came with some of his descendants to New Lyme, Ohio, and his remains are at rest in the village cemetery at Dodgeville. Ohio. Six generations of the Dodge family are now 37 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS buried in that old cemetery. Eusebius Dodge, son of this Revolutionary soldier, was one of a company of ninety who traded their homes at Lyme, Connecticut, for land in the Western Reserve. He acquired 1,200 acres in Ashtabula County, and the place of the family settlement there soon became known as Dodgeville. Eusebius Dodge was a soldier in the War of 1812. Jeremiah Dodge, son of Eusebius, was a small boy when he accompanied the family to New Lyme, Ohio. He as well as other representatives of the early generations of the family in Ashtabula County became noted as breeders of fine blooded stock and is credited with being the first to introduce Durham cattle into that section of Ohio. He owned a very large farm, and was engaged in rnerch,sndising and overland freighting in the days before railroads. For a number of years this branch of the Dodge family operated a sawmill in Ashtabula County. Charles R. Dodge is a son of Hiram Lake and Mary (Westcott) Dodge. His father was born at Dodgeville January 11, 1831, and for the greater part of his life was a prosperous merchant in Ashtabula County. He had many other business interests, including a large amount of farm land, and was active in local politics. After completing his education at New Lyme Institute, Charles R. Dodge joined his brother, Warren L., in merchandising at Dodgeville. At the age of twenty-five he took up banking and filled official positions tn national and state banks at Cortland and Warren, Ohio, and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In 1908 he was made chief bank examiner of Ohio for the examination of state bank and trust companies and he was also commissioned a national bank examiner, but declined. March 1, 1914, Mr. Dodge resigned as hank examiner to accept the management of the State Banking & Trust Company of Cleveland as vice president. In January, 1918, he was elected president. Mr. Dodge is director of the State Banking & Trust Company, of the Morris Plan Bank, the Chileote-Sargent Company of Cleveland, and the Fuller-Dodge Lumber Company at Ashtabula. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason in. Lake Erie Consistory, and a member of the Hermit Exchange and City claim, and of the Sons of the American Revolution in Western Reserve Chapter. At Cortland. Ohio, he married Miss Anna Oatley. daughter of Lewis Oatley. of a pioneer family in Trumbull County. Ohio. Mr. and Mrs. Dodge have two children, Robert Oatley Dodge and Virginia Richmond Dodge. JOHN H. SMITH, SR., who was born at Pembroke Dock, South Wales, in 1846, and died at Cleveland October 21, 1893, was for many years manager of the Globe Iron Works Company of Cleveland, and did pioneer work in shipbuilding, especially in the construction of iron vessels for the Great Lakes, which gives him lasting fame in American marine circles. He was liberally educated in his native country and while there served an apprenticeship in an iron shipbuilding firm at Hull, Yorkshire, and also at London. While in the government shipyards at London he worked on the warships Northumberland, Minotaur, Agincourt, Black Prince and others. For a time he was employed in private dockyards. He had the Welsh genius for skillful details and neglected no opportunity for observation. and study which would be of practical benefit to him in the future. John H. Smith came to the United States in 1869. In 1871 he assisted in the construction of the steamer Japan at Buffalo, New York. Soon afterward he was in the employ of the Anchor Line. One of the Anchor steamers was docked at Erie, Pennsylvania, for repairs. Instead of taking it to dry dock and requiring much time and expense, Mr. Smith successfully carried out the plan of listing the boat on shore and making all necessary repairs to the bottom at a minimum of delay and expense. This added not a little to his growing fame around the Great Lakes. Finally the Chicago & Grand Trunk Railway officials secured his services to superintend the construction of the iron car ferry steamer International at) Buffalo, and later a second ferry 'boat, the Hudson, at Point Edward. For some time he was located at Point Edward as chief engineer of the Grand Trunk. He also was superintendent of the construction of bridges for that railway company. In the meantime he constructed a blast furnace on Lake Champlain, New York, and in a remarkably short time had it in full and perfect operation. After his employment with the Grand Trunk Railway, Mr. Smith came to Cleveland and became general superintendent of the Globe Shipbuilding Company's yard, the office he filled until his death. The late John H. Smith was eminently qualified to carry out. many great projects. While 38 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS he was quiet of demeanor and never sought attention outside his immediate work, his place in the Globe Iron Works Company was regarded as so important that his death was a real calamity to that industry. The first large iron steamer, the Onako, was built by Mr. Smith for the Globe Iron Works Company. This was the first iron vessel constructed in Cleveland for the Great Lakes and was the largest among the first metal steamers for that purpose. It was constructed under Mr. Smith's immediate supervision. This vessel foundered in 1916 in Lake Superior. He also built the car ferry Sarana, which is still in service. Later he superintended the building and launching of over fifty steel steamers. These boats cost from $150,000 to $250,000 apiece. During one year he launched a steel steamer every month. Much of his success is attributable to the fact that to the very last he made it a rule to exercise supervision over the smallest details as well as the largest plans of construction in the ship yards. Besides his position as a general superintendent he was also a stockholder in the Globe Company and he practically grew up with that industry at Cleveland. The steamers of the Northern Steamship Company, regarded as the best type of ship construction of the time, derived many of their splendid qualities from the knowledge and skill of John H. Smith. This was particularly true of those designed for passenger traffic. John H. Smith was a master and general of efficiency long before the "science of efficiency" was a phrase in common every day use. When invitations were sent out to friends of the ship building industry to attend a launching at a certain hour, Mr. Smith was always ready for the event to a minute. He was a master of organization, never seemed to have a surplus number of men engaged on any one piece of work, and always kept a project moving along evenly and without break or halt. While he used men to the best advantage he also had the faculty of retaining their support and good will. It is said that in the work of repairing steel ships the late Mr. Smith had no superior in any yard of the country. In this respect he so gained the confidence of owners and underwriters that they entrusted matters of the greatest value to his integrity. Of the esteem which he enjoyed from men it was a simple but significant testimony in the thousands of all classes who gathered to pay their respects at the time of his funeral. He was an honored member of the Cambrian Society, composed of his Welsh countrymen. He was a Royal Arch Mason and an Odd Fellow. In 1874 he married Miss Margaret Allen, of Amherst Island, one of the Thousand Islands of the St. Lawrence in Canadian waters. She was born there and is still living, residing at the old family homestead, 6710 Franklin Avenue. Mrs. Smith was the mother of eight children, one son dying in infancy. The others are all living, five sons and two daughters. The sons are all shipbuilders and eminent in their respective lines. A brief record of the children is as follows: A. G. Smith, now general manager of the American Shipbuilding Company of Cleveland ; Mrs. Will L. Sherman, of Cleveland ; Allen A., of the firm Smith Brothers; John H., also of Smith 'Brothers, marine architects, surveyors and appraisers; Mrs. Will Shaffer, of Cleveland; Samuel S., of Toronto; and Chester A., who is in one of the United States navy yards. The three older children were born in Canada and the others at Cleveland. The Smith family have lived in Cleveland since 1882. JOHN H. SMITH, of the firm Smith Brothers, marine architects, surveyors and appraisers, in the Rockefeller Building, represents one of the most noted families of ship builders around the Great Lakes. This is a class or profession whose services the world now appreciates as never before in history. The responsibilities of Mr. John H. Smith were never heavier than at the present time, since in addition to his regular duties he is a superintendent of the United States Shipping Board. A son of the late John H. Smith, Sr., one of the most eminent ship builders in the Middle West, whose career is told on other pages, John H. Smith was born at Cleveland March 17, 1882. He was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from the West High School with the class of 1900. He and his brothers have all become identified with some phase of the ship building industry. Mr. Smith at the age of seventeen entered the service of the Cleveland Ship Building Company, at its Lorain plant. His abilities and responsibilities have always outdistanced his years. In 1903 he became foreman on construction with the Chicago Ship Building Company at Chicago. In 1906 he was made manager of the Ship Owners Dry Dock Company at North Chicago. In 1909 he became general manager CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 39 of the Chicago Ship Building Company and the Ship Owners Dry Docks Company. In the plant of the former company he built in eighty-eight days and placed in commission one of the big car ferry steamers that operate across Lake Michigan. In 1912 Mr. Smith became assistant manager of the Western Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Company at Port Arthur, Ontario. That plant was then only partially completed and its full installation was effected under his personal supervision. In 1913 he was advanced to general manager and a number of large and important contracts were carried out under him. One of the vessels built under his direction was the steamer Noronica, the largest single screw passenger steamer on the lakes. Another was the steamer W. Grant Morden, the largest bulk lake freight carrier, with a length of 625 feet. In 1914 Mr. Smith returned to Cleveland and formed his present partnership with his brother, Allen A. Smith. The services of the Smith brothers have been widely sought in marine circles all over the country, and in addition to the general work of their profession they are managers for the Vessel Fire Register, a classification for wooden boats, revised for underwriting purposes. His intensive and practical experience in all phases of shipbuilding gives to Mr. Smith's judgment and suggestions the weight of authority. He has contributed much valuable data toward the solution of a peculiarly insistent problem of modern transportation, the design of an economical and efficient type of vessel for shallow water inland navigation, suitable to the canals and river ways of the country. Perhaps his most notable public discussion of this subject was contained in the Marine News of April, 1915, presenting a technical study and description of practical types of freight barges adapted to coast and inland navigation. In September, 1917, Mr. Smith was appointed superintendent of the United States Shipping Board. While a thorough business man and wrapped up in his profession, Mr. John H. Smith is esteemed for his good fellowship and has always been active socially in the various communities where he has made his home. He is unmarried and lives at the Smith homestead on Franklin Avenue. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, is a charter member of the Shuniah Club of Port Arthur, Ontario, is affiliated with Golden Link Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows at Chi- cago, of Harbor Lodge No. 781, Free and Accepted Masons, at Chicago; Calumet Commanded, Knights Templar, Chicago, and Medinah Temple of the Mystic Shrine at Chicago. His chief recreation and hobby is shooting and fishing. SAMUEL AUGUSTUS FULLM. The life of Samuel Augustus Fuller of Cleveland stands out among those which are most notable in connection with one of the greatest of American industries, and one which as much as any one thing has made the Cleveland of our times the sixth city of the country. The trials of the pioneer appeal to our keenest sympathy, and the love of heroic endeavor implanted in human hearts. The blazed trail proves ever alluring to the lover of history. But how sincere is the esteem in which we must hold the life of that modern "Captain of Industry" who took up the prose task where romance had ended it, and from early beginnings helped to work out the commercial destiny of Cleveland to a point where it is the second greatest shipbuilding port in the world and has wrested from England the prestige of beings the world's greatest iron market. S. A. Fuller was born April 8, 1837, the memorable year of the panic and he died October 23, 1891. He was born at Vienna, near Warren, the county seat of Trumbull County, after the Cuyahoga Valley section had been separated from the great area already named by the Connecticut settlers for their stalwart governor .in their beloved eastern state. He was the son of August Fuller, who was born at Burlington, Connecticut. The panic of 1837 was the worst this country has ever witnessed. In Ohio, vast as were her natural resources, it was hard for the people to get the actual money with which to pay their taxes. In 1842 the Guernsey Times records sales of livestock at auction at pitiful prices—ten hogs at 6 1/4 cents a piece, horses at two dollars each and cows at one dollar. Warren is located fifty-two miles from Cleveland, and when in 1854 the old charter for the Cleveland, Warren & Pittsburgh Railroad was resumed and the line partly constructed, it was but natural that the eyes of the elder Fuller should begin to turn to Cleveland as the most favorable prospect for establishing a lucrative business, and at the same time, secure for his growing family of boys and girls the educational opportunities he so earnestly desired them to have. It is possible that the fire which in 1846 40 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS created so much loss in Warren contributed some stimulus to this determination, but the facts are not precisely known at this day. Mr. Fuller established in Cleveland the wholesale hat and cap business to be known a few years later as A. Fuller & Son, and in after years as the firm of Fuller, Bassett & Gammel. The boy, Samuel Augustus, was about ten years old when this move to Cleveland occurred. Augustus applied himself to his studies and in time was graduated from Central High School, which was well established and famous as being the first high school in Ohio. Almost immediately, at the age of sixteen, he was taken into his father's wholesale business, where he received the careful training of an accountant. Such aptitude did the young business man show that his father soon delegated to him important responsibilities and at the age of nineteen honored him with a partnership. This was the beginning of the well known firm of A. Fuller & Son, which was located in a large block on Water Street (later occupied by Edward Townsend & Company). At an age when most ambitious young men feel the call of restless youth for adventure and the proverbial "seeking of fortune" in new scenes, it is significant of the steadfast qualities of Mr. Fuller's nature that he settled down to the opportunity close at hand, and determined to make success come to him in Cleveland. The business of A. Fuller & Son prospered as did practically every well conducted business in those tremendously favorable years which immediately followed the period of stress from 1837 to 1857. Cleveland was located with rare advantages as a distributing center for the Great Lakes region, and the demand for her various manufactures was very heavy. The iron ore business was in its infancy. but the stimulus given this metal by the Civil war was felt immediately. The Cleveland Iron Company, which had been established in 1849 to handle the rich fruit of the mines in Northern Michigan and the Great Lakes region, seemed to young Fuller to offer tremendous opportunities, and in 1869 he associated himself with that company and was immediately elected its secretary. It is not out of place to refer briefly here to the origin of this great American industry—indeed without some such understanding to the history of the iron business the significance of Mr. Fuller's life work can hardly he appreciated. Cleveland was at that time and is now the Iron City of the country. It must be admitted that Cleveland's first great impetus came from the building of the Ohio Canal in imitation of the great waterway promoted in New York State by De Witt C. Clinton. Equally certain it is that had . Commissioner Kelley not devoted himself to the cause in Ohio, or labored so zealously in turning the canal from Sandusky to Cleveland —far different might have been the history and development of the two lake cities. Cleveland, with its natural harbor facilities and more central location, was entitled to the preference and the choice of Kelley has been indubitably warranted by subsequent industrial and commercial progress. But if not the first, then the second step in the magnificent development of the city was the opening of the Lake Superior iron and copper regions. The miner and his pick had succeeded the fur-trapper. The days of the great northern wilderness—so jealously guarded by England and France on account of the valuable fur trade—were numbered when lumberman and miner first penetrated the region. With Indian guides and canoes they sought out the secrets of virgin forests. The ring of their determined tools sounded the death knell to wilderness ways in the great " forest preserve," as England had long designated the country. English statesmen had referred to it as the "habitation of bears and beavers." Such it was, but it must now give way before the advance of American ownership and American industrial exploitation. The line which the prudent Franklin had so carefully traced before the eyes of the unwitting French at the treaty of Paris did not fail to take into account the presumed location of copper so far as the early explorers had found it. But even his practical mind had not thought of the possible wealth from iron ore. The first idea of mines was of rare metals, such as copper, silver or gold. And even to a much later day investments were easier to secure for the romance of mining precious ore than they were for the promise of baser mineral. It is said that iron was hardly suspected before 1840, and certainly state geologists at that time had made no mention of finding it. But it is said that in 1846, when Burt, the inventor of the solat compass, was in charge of a Government survey, he was delighted to note the deflection of the needle, exactly as he had claimed it would act in the presence of iron ore. Immediately the little party was scattered to investigate the disturbance. How joyful the meeting for the inventor, and how CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 41 momentous for the country, when every man of them returned each bearing his sample of ore. Theirs was a discovery of no small significance, for from the self same range there now comes fully one-third of the ore produced in the United States. In 1846 a Dr. J. Lang Cassell "squatted" on iron claims of the Lake Shore & Dear River Silver & Copper Mining Company, which company was the forerunner of the Cleveland Iron Company, already mentioned. Cassell recognized the richness of this iron field, but his enthusiastic claims for the new mines when he returned from the wilderness in 1847 were looked upon as extravagance of idea—in fact openly ridiculed. But in 1849 the Cleveland Iron Company came into existence, financed by Messrs. Outhwaite, Hewitt, Chamberlain, S. L. Mather, Brayton and Clark. The first shipment was only six barrels, brought down with much labor over Indian trails, then hauled down to the shore, and thence transported by sail boat to Cleveland. Its safe landing marks the arrival of the first ore to be received from the Lake Superior region. By 1854 the natural obstacles in the path of development had been so far removed that 4,000 tons of ore were mined in the Michigan section, where the City of Marquette now stands. The development of the Cleveland Iron Company was from the first considered to have a profound effect on the commercial importance of Cleveland. It represented the most important operations of the times. It shortly suffered a set-back with the panic of 1857, but with 1860 confidence was restored and the company entered upon its vast prosperity. About this time vast coal fields began to be developed, and this was the one thing needed to insure the completest success for the ore business out of Superior. Furnaces, rolling mills and steel mills were established and an enormous fleet of vessels were quickly built for bringing the useful mineral to Ohio. Such was the industry Mr. Fuller chose for his commercial activity. Nor could he have exercised a keener judgment. as subsequent results have testified. From 1869 on the iron business continued to occupy Mr. Fuller's entire attention. In 1880, ioining with several Prominent users of iron, Mr. Fuller took over the fnrnaee, and mills of the old Union Iron Works. vvh-leti he had established in Newburgh. and thus was established one of Cleveland's mighty sources of private and public gain,—The Union Rolling Mill Company. Another venture in 1881 was a sales office for iron and steel located on Water Street. This firm was operated as Condit, Fuller & Company, the senior partner being Mr. Paul Condit. The death of Mr. Condit entailed on Mr. Fuller the head management of this important concern, which was successful in its ventures from the very start of its existence on Water Street. His son, Horace Arthur Fuller, was included in the firm, and increasing business demanding roomier and better adapted quarters the office removed to River and Main streets. After Mr. Fuller's death the name of the firm was changed to the Bourne-Fuller Company, the great success of which bears evidence to the sound judgment of Mr. Fuller in his belief for the future of Cleveland in the development of the iron and steel industry. Mr. Fuller became interested in the Gogebic iron developments in the range near the Montreal River in Wisconsin and farthest Michigan. The product of this particular region has proved of the finest quality for the manufacture of steel. The development of these new mines gave a new impetus to the already tremendous success of the business of the Union Rolling Mill Company in Newburgh. Mr. Fuller had never retired from active business life. In fact, his death came as a blow, a thing unconsidered, as he was in the very prime of life with a firm hand on the grip of his huge business interests. Mr. Fuller was not only a man of business, but was at all times a generous user of his wealth. He knew how to enjoy the rewards of concentration and labor. He was not merely engrossed in his commercial affairs, but in every sense was a broadly developed, well rounded man, substantially educated, and by taste and training an appreciative sharer of the delights of cultivated existence. He was a man most kindly in all his dealings with others, genial in business or social matters—a gentleman in every sense. He was an accomplished musician himself and a lover and judge of music, and he sang in the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church for thirty-three years. He was a man who was entitled to and always held a conspicuous place in the social and public life of his time. His friends were unnumbered, as he inspired love as well as respectful esteem. He was a man vitally interested in municipal affairs. simply as a loyal citizen of the municipality, whose importance to the country he largely helped to effect. Mr. Fuller had no 42 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS wish for office, although he could many times have had his choice from the people. To municipal matters he at all times gave his most earnest thought, for no man held closer at heart the debt of every individual to his community. He worked for Cleveland's welfare, and served as alderman for a time, also as representative from the third and largest district from Cleveland. His death was a shock to all and a special committee was appointed by the Board of Trade to draft resolutions of regret and loving remembrance. He has been described by one who knew him well as "the most kindly, genial gentleman that ever lived." Mr. Fuller was twice married, the wife of his youth being Miss Julia Clark, daughter of Albert Clark of the old City Bank. Later Mr. Fuller was married to Mrs. Louise Wood, of Cleveland, nee Allen, she being the daughter of one of Cleveland's first mayors, the Hon. John W. Allen. His widow survives him, as also did nine of the children whom he raised up to honor his memory. His children now living are the well known H. A. Fuller and Willard Fuller, of Cleveland. Also Mrs. J. I. Souther and Mrs. J. E. Kreps, of Ceveland, and the following daughters who have made their home elsewhere than the scene of their father's important labors : Mrs. C. H. Munger, of Duluth, Mrs. Norman Leeds, of Bridgeport, Connecticut, and Mrs. 0. J. Campbell, Jr., of Madison, Wisconsin. Time may modify the shock of human bereavement, for that is time's immortal gift to man. But time only accentuates the value of such a life to the City of Cleveland—municipally and industrially—and in very truth the great industry on which so much of the city's welfare is founded remains after all the greatest of monuments to this notable man. ERNEST P. PARSONS, vice president of the Parsons & Parsons Company, manufacturers of the widely known "Kant Krack" composition products, is a Cleveland man, son of the late William Parsons, a pioneer of the city and for many years identified with the street railway interests. Ernest P. Parsons is a brother of Fred W. Parsons, whose sketch on other pages contains much of the family history and of business affairs common to both. Ernest P. Parsons was.born at Cleveland September 24, 1863, and was educated in the public schools to the age of sixteen. After leaving school he worked three years as foreman of the sample room of the Rubber Paint Company. He then spent three years learning the pattern making trade under his brother, Fred, following which he worked as pattern maker with the Brooks Foundry six months, a similar time and in a similar capacity for the American Ship Building Company, following which for one year he and his brother Fred were engaged as pattern makers at Omaha, Nebraska. Returning to Cleveland, Ernest Parsons was foreman of the pattern shop for the Arctic Machine Company until September, 1893. The next five years he spent his time chiefly as a salesman for various firms on a commission basis. In 1898 he joined his brothers Fred W. and Arthur H. in the firm of Parsons & Parsons, which eight years later was incorporated as the Parsons & Parsons Company. This industry, as told elsewhere, is largely a development of a composition collar factory established nearly forty years ago by a relative of the present proprietors. It is now one of the large productive industries of the Cleveland district. Ernest P. Parsons is affiliated with Pant-alpha Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; member of the Chamber of Commerce, Athletic Club, Advertising Club, Automobile Club and is independent in politics. On June 19, 1899, at Cleveland, he married Agnes Baldwin, daughter of Frank H. and Elizabeth (McIntosh) Baldwin, and granddaughter of Samuel S. Baldwin, the first sheriff of Cuyahoga County. EDWARD BOWER is a member of the firm of Otis & Company, investment bankers, and he won his partnership in this high class financial house as a result of many years of determined and achieving efforts. Mr. Bower is very successful as a salesman, and different organizations in Cleveland have many times drafted his services for some object where his special abilities have made him extremely useful. Mr. Bower is a western man and has brought some of the spirit of the western prairies into his life at Cleveland, where he has lived for over twenty years. He was born on a farm in Jefferson County, Nebraska, October 22, 1873, a son of Fred C. and Lois A. (Sutton) Bower. His mother is still living at the old Nebraska home. His father, who died in November, 1915, was a pioneer settler in Nebraska and busily cultivated his fields until about 1900, when he retired and moved to Fairfield, which was his home until his death. Edward Bower's early recollections are with CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 43 the old Nebraska homestead. In order to supplement the training of the district schools he left home at the age of fifteen and went to Fairbury, where he attended high school three years and Fairfield Academy another three years. In 1894, on reaching his majority, Mr. Bower came to Ohio and spent two years in Hiram College, from which he was graduated in June, 1896, with the degree Bachelor of Letters. With his college diploma and all that it represented of faithful work and promise for the future, Mr. Bower came to Cleveland, and had soon made a modest record in the life insurance field. Later for a time be was in the oil business. But the connection which has given him the most satisfaction and has brought him to his present status in Cleveland business affairs began April 1, 1906, with Otis & Company, investment bankers. From that date until October, 1913, he was the company's bond salesman in Western Pennsylvania. In October, 1913, he was called back to Cleveland as his permanent headquarters and made city bond salesman. July 1, 1916, he became sales-manager of the bond department and on January 1, 1917, was made a member of the firm and now has complete charge of the distribu. tion of the bond department. Mr. Bower is also a director of several corporations. For many years he has been prominent in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. During 1913-14-15 he was chairman of the trade extension committee of the Manufacturers' Wholesale Merchants' Board, in 1916-17 was vice president of the board, and is now its president. Whether it be a cause of local civic betterment or something representing the broader patriotism of a nation at war, Mr. Bower is one of the first to respond with personal efforts and counsel. He did considerable public speaking during the campaign for the new city auditorium, and with his qualifications as a salesman and an expert on bonds he has contributed materially to the splendid record made by Cleveland in subscribing its quota for the Liberty Loan issues. Mr. Bower is a prominent Mason, his affiliations being with Iris Lodge No. 229, Free and Accepted Masons; Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons; Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar; the Scottish Rite Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is assistant rabban in the Shrine, and has taken the entire course of Masonic work with the exception of the thirty-third degree. He is still a young man, and has earned so many of the good things of life that it is not improbable that further highly gratifying honors may yet come to him. Mr. Bower is a member of the Shaker Heights Country Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Civic League, the Cleveland Automobile Club, and the First Unitarian Church of Cleveland. His home is at 2892 Warrington Road, Shaker Heights. At Wellsville, Ohio, June 20, 1897, he married Miss Frances Wisden. She is a granddaughter of the late Judge Wisden of Lisbon. Mrs. Bower was born at Lisbon, Ohio, and was educated in the Wellsville High School. They have two children, John Slayter and Virginia, both natives of Cleveland. JAMES H. HERRON. Fascinating as the pursuit of perfection in art is the path through the metallurgical laboratory, where the reward for the discovery of a new combination of elements is a service to humanity easily greater than the outcome of one of the so-called decisive battles of the world. Carbon, nickel, chromium, vanadium, tungsten properly alloyed with iron, have meant high-speed tools, high-speed transportation, better machinery, better bridges, better a hundred things in the march of industrial civilization. Sir Henry Bessemer made the world his debtor by inventing a process of converting iron into steel by blowing air through it in the converter. Samuel T. Wellman made the open hearth process of steel making profitable. Alongside the names of Bessemer and Wellman is a vacant place for the name of the man who can give to the world a big development of the newborn industry of steel making by electricity. Small wonder, then, that a youth should depart from the path of his fathers and find his life's work in applying science to the practical problems of today. James H. Herron was born at Girard, Erie County, Pennsylvania, January 4, 1875. His ancestors on both sides were people of learning. Joseph Herron, his grandfather, was born in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and received his A. M. degree from Ohio Wesleyan University, of which he was in later life a trustee. He organized and was president until his death in 1862 of the Herron Seminary at Cincinnati, which under his guidance was the leading preparatory school of that city. Mr. Herron 's maternal grandfather, David F. Fuller, was a member of the faculty of Kenyon College, Gambier, Ohio. He later served as judge at Delaware, Ohio. James H. Herron, 44 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS father of James H. of Cleveland, was born at Cincinnati, May 13, 1829, and was educated at Ohio Wesleyan University. He was a Methodist minister and educator. After teaching for a time in the Herron Seminary at Cincinnati, he became president of the Springfield Female Seminary at Springfield, Ohio, and later president of Willoughby College at Willoughby, Ohio. His death occurred in 1895. James H. Herron, bearing the name of his father, was graduated from Girard Academy, Girard, Pennsylvania, at the early age of fourteen. Because of his evident interest in mechanics, he was apprenticed in the shops of the Stearns Manufacturing Company at Erie, Pennsylvania. After finishing his apprenticeship be became a draftsman at the Erie City Iron Works, where he was subsequently assistant chief draftsman, then chief draftsman. During his shop and drafting-room experience he received night instruction preparing for college. When he entered the University of Michigan he was not only fully prepared but had to his credit a certain amount of college work. This fact and his great capacity for work enabled him to win his degree of B. S. in M. E. in two years. After leaving college he was assistant engineer with the Cambria Steel Company of Johnstown, Pennsylvania, until 1901, when he returned to Erie, Pennsylvania, as vice president and chief engineer of the Bury Compressor Company. In 1905 he was called to Detroit, Michigan, to become manager of the Motch & Merryweather Machinery Company. In 1907 he became chief engineer and factory manager of the Detroit Steel Products Company. With this thorough education and varied and valuable experience to build upon as a foundation, he was now ready to take up his real life work, that of consulting engineer. He opened an office and laboratory in Cleveland for general testing and metallurgical work and for the design and installation of steel making plants. He and a staff of assistants have served clients in many states by solving for them varied industrial problems and in testing and inspecting materials entering into construction. Technical men of discriminating judgment say that the Herron laboratories are among the best equipped and manned in the country. Mr. Herron served on the engineering commission in connection with Cleveland's water filtration plant. He is a member of the engineering committee on paving, of the Cleveland Civic League and is a member of the executive committee and chairman of the engineering division of the Cleveland War Industries Board. He has long been an active member of the Cleveland Engineering Society and has been honored by being chosen its president for the year 1917-1918. His direction of the engineering society has been characterized by many of the members as one of the most constructive in the society's history. He is also a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Society of Automotive Engineers, American Institute of Mining Engineers, the American Chemical Society, American Society for Testing Materials, and the British Iron and Steel Institute. He is a contributor to the technical press of articles on metallurgical subjects. His writings are of high professional merit and are a distinct addition to the literature of the profession. He is a member of the Old Colony, the City, and the Shaker Heights Country clubs, also of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is a member of the Christian Science Church, and is a republican in politics. Mr. Herron was married June 19, 1900, to Miss Cora E. Lewis, at Erie, Pennsylvania. ALFRED CLUM, who became assistant director of law of the City of Cleveland January 15, 1918, is one of the most scholarly members of the Cleveland bar. His present position is the result of more than thirty years of active practice and prominent associations with leaders and leading interests in the legal profession. Mr. Clum was born on Staten Island, New York, September 26, 1863, son of William H. and Elizabeth Ann (Van Dozen) Clum. Both parents were born in Columbia County, New York, and were married there. The Van Duzen ancestors came from Amsterdam, Holland, while the Clums in earlier generations lived close to the border line between Holland and Germany. William H. Clum was for many years an active farmer in Columbia County, New York, but from about 1872 lived in and around Washington, D. C., where he died in 1889, having lived retired for a number of years. His widow passed away at Kensington, a suburb of Washington, January 11, 1918, at the advanced age of ninety-six years, one month and five days. She was born in 1821. There are two daughters and four sons still living, one child having died in infancy, two as young men, and one son passed away at the age of sixty. Alfred Clum, youngest of the family and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 45 the only member in Ohio, was educated in the public schools of Washington, graduating from high school there in 1881. He then spent a year as a teacher at High Bridge, New Jersey, and entered upon the study of law in Columbian, now George Washington University, at Washington, where he was graduated LL. B. in 1883. In the fall of 1884, Mr. Clum entered the United States Pension Bureau at Washington, and while working there took post-graduate studies in law at Columbian University and was awarded the degree LL. M. in 1885. In August of that year he was detailed as a special examiner of United States pensions, with headquarters at Cambridge, Guernsey County, Ohio, but after a year, in the fall of 1886, was transferred to Cleveland. In April, 1887, Mr. Clum resigned his position as special pension examiner, and in 1889 was admitted to the Ohio bar. He was admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia in 1885, and was later admitted to practice in the United States Supreme Court. Upon the completion of the Society for Savings Building at Cleveland in April, 1890, Mr. Clum opened an office there as one of the first tenants, and after a year alone became associated with the law firm of M. B. and H. II. Johnson, with whom he remained until 1895. Later he was a member of the partnership firm of Clum & Moffett, with Thorn J. Moffett, and in 1900 became a partner of A. F. Inger- soll as Ingersoll & Clum, a partnership which continued about two years. In 1909 Mr. Clum formed his present alliance with George B. Marty as Clutn & Marty, with offices on the fourteenth floor of the Leader-News Building. Mr. Clum has always affiliated with the republican party. From April, 1902, to January, 1910, he served as solicitor for the Village of East Cleveland. When East Cleveland became a city he was elected its first city solicitor in 1911, taking office January 1, 1912, and attending to its duties until January 1, 1914. In December, 1914, Mr. Clum moved to Cleveland Heights, where he now resides. For a number of years he has been a member of the faculty of the law school of Baldwin-Wallace College, and is now professor of the law of equity and evidence. He is a member in good standing of the Cleveland Bar Association, Ohio State Bar Association, belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, Civic League. Cleveland Heights Presbyterian Church, Cleveland Council of Sociology, is an associate member of the Academy of Medicine of Cleveland, and belongs to the old republican organization, the Tippecanoe Club. Mr. Clum and family reside at 14328 Superior Road in Cleveland Heights. He married at Washington, D. C., June 2, 1886, Miss Lizzie W. Bohrer. Mrs. Clum was born and educated in Washington, being the youngest daughter of George A. and Catherine (Otterbach) Bohrer. Her father was at one time president of the Oldest Inhabitants' Association of Washington, D. C. The three children of Mr. and Mrs. Clum, Ethel J., Harold H. and Ralph W., are all natives of Cleveland and educated in the public schools, Ralph being still a student in the grade schools. Ethel and Harold are both graduates of Oberlin College, Ethel with the class of 1913 and Harold in 1917, both having the degree Bachelor of Arts. Harold graduated with special honors in botany. He is now in the National army, being with Ammunition Train No. 308, at Camp Sherman, Chillicothe. Ethel is a teacher in the high school at Conneaut, Ohio. THOMAS A. ROBERTSON'S place in Cleveland life and affairs is well known. Since 1913 he has been managing editor of the Cleveland Morning Leader, the Evening News and the Sunday Leader. Though trained to lhe law, he has found his work and the satisfaction of his ambitions in journalism. He was born at Battle Creek, Michigan, May 10, 1883. son of Dr. and Mrs. George A. Robertson. Mr. Robertson graduated in the law department from the University of Michigan with the class of 1904. In the same year he went on the. staff of the Battle Creek Journal and successively from that time until he came to Cleveland was on the staff of the St. Louis Repuhlic, the Houston (Texas) Post, and with the Associated Press. February 27, 1916, at the Old Stone Church in Cleveland, Mr. Robertson married Isobel K. Knight, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Julius A. Knight of Zanesville, Ohio. JOSEPH P. JAOLINSKI, a member of the law firm of Jaglinski & Mueller, with offices in the Engineers' Building, brings to the law a thorough and successful business experience, especially in real estate, which he acquired while working with his father, who is one of the most successful real estate operators and owners of Cleveland. Mr. Jaglinski was born in Cleveland February 7, 1887, a son of Walter and Rosa (Chichuc) Jaglinski. His parents were both 46 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS born in Warsaw, Poland, and came to the United States in 1883, landed in New York and proceeding direct to Cleveland, Ohio, which was the destination of the party of ten families which came over together from Poland and all settled in Cleveland. The population of Cleveland today is made up one-tenth of Polish natives and descendants. Walter Jaglinski brought with him from Poland about $1,200 in cash. He had acquired that by hard work and industry and shrewd management have been factors in the much larger success attained in Cleveland. He has invested and dealt in Cleveland real estate for a number of years and it is now estimated that his holdings of Cleveland property would value at $100,000. He buys, sells and rents real estate. His good wife was a great help in laying the foundation of his substantial prosperity. In the old country she was a nurse, and followed the same profession in Cleveland. Even today she responds to calls for nursing, and apparently has never been able to break away from a profession which comes natural to her. Both Mr. and Mrs. Walter Jaglinski are active church workers and religious people, being members of St. John Cantius Parish on Professor Street. Mr. Jaglinski, Sr., is a trustee of that church and was one of the founders of the parish and has done much to build it up. He is a member of the National Polish Alliance, the Ohio Polish Alliance, the Woodmen of the World and a number of other Polish lodges. He and his wife are splendid citizens, progressive and highly respected. Their children number two sons and four daughters. Frances, the oldest, is Mrs. Robert Coatoen of Cleveland. The second in age is Joseph P. Alexis is Mrs. Alexander P. Brzozowski of Cleveland. Peter Paul began his education in the Cleveland parochial schools, graduated in the high school course from St. Ignatius College, also is a graduate of St. Theodosius Seminary at Orchard Lake, Michigan, and began study for the priesthood, but is now taking the medical course with the Ohio State University, a member of the class of 1919. Marie and Helen, the younger children, are still at home. All of them were born at Cleveland and received their first educational advantages in the parochial schools. Joseph P. Jaglinski attended St. Joseph Parochial School and in 1902 graduated from Brownell School at Cleveland. For three years he was in St. Ignatius College and then entered a seminary at Detroit, which has since removed to Orchard Lake, Michigan. He attended school there until the early part of 1908, including the high school curriculum 21/2 years of college work. On leaving school Mr. Jaglinski worked for his father in the real estate business in Cleveland, and acquired a valuable experience in managing the property, in collecting rents, and in other lines of work. In September, 1913, he entered the law department of the Baldwin-Wallace College at Cleveland and completed his course with the class of 1916 and the degree LL. B. In the same month he successfully passed the bar examinations and on September 1, 1916, began practice with Mr. Frank J. Merrick and William C. Mueller, under the firm name of Merrick, Jaglinski & Mueller. Later the firm name was changed to Jaglinski & Mueller. They are both young lawyers and the combination of their abilities makes a very able firm and one that is rapidly growing in reputation and experience. Mr. Jaglinski has at different times been employed by the board of elections and was registration judge seven years. He is a leader in democratic politica and a member of the Seventh Ward Tom Johnson Club. He belongs to the Cleveland Bar Association, to three Polish lodges, to the beneficiary Harmonie Chopin Singing Society, the National Polish Alliance of the United States, the Ohio Polish Alliance and the Knights of Columbus. At St. Casimer's Church in Cleveland on June 25, 1912, he married Miss Bronislaw Serowski, daughter of Theodore and Mary (Cywinski) Serowski. She was born in Chicago and was three years of age when her parents removed to Cleveland, where she was educated in the parochial schools. Her father is now a city employe of Cleveland. Mrs. Jaglinski finished her education in the Sowinski Public School of Cleveland. She is a member of three of the Polish societies of Cleveland. They have one son, Theodore Walter, named for his two grandfathers and horn in Cleveland March 31, 1913. Mr. and Mrs. Jaglinski reside at 982 Ansel Road. HENRY BISSELL CODY. His relations both with business and civic affairs bespeak a high place in the community of Cleveland for Henry Bissell Cody, whose personal record gives additional prominence to a family well known in this vicinity from earliest pioneer days. Mr. Cody was born at Painesville, Ohio, October 12, 1866, son of Lindus and Sarah CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 47 Amelia (Fransworth) Cody. Special reference to his father is made on other pages of this publication. His father, as there explained, is a first cousin of Col. William F. Cody, better known as "Buffalo Bill." Henry B. Cody was educated in Cleveland, attending the Central High School and the Western Reserve University, from which he graduated A. B. in 1891. In a business way his big work has been in the real estate field. He is president of The Union Woodhill Realty Company, treasurer of The Woodhill and East Boulevard Realty Company, secretary and treasurer of the Helper & Cody Realty Company, and owns and manages a number of allotments in and around Cleveland. His business offices are in the Garfield Building. Mr. Cody is a member of the Cleveland Real Estate Board. He is a trustee of the Woman's Hospital Association of Cleveland and a member of the civic committee of the Federated Churches. Mr. Cody is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Shaker Heights Country Club and of the college fraternity, Delta Upsilon. At Cleveland February 26, 1895, he married Miss Elma C. Canfield, daughter of the late Dr. Martha A. Canfield, who has separate mention in this work. They have one son, Louis Faneher Cody, who enlisted in the United States Army, Thirty-third Division. DR. MARTHA A. CANFIELD WAS one of the pioneer women physicians of Cleveland and devoted more than forty years of her life to a practice that was one unremitting round of duty and devotion to the human welfare. While she was a physician of splendid attainments, the quality of social service was preeminent throughout her life and she is better remembered for her philanthropy, expressed not in individual deeds but in continuous service as a member of the medical profession. Doctor Canfield was born in Portage County, Ohio, September 10, 1845, and died at 2608 Norfolk Road, Euclid Heights, September 3, 1916, when nearly seventy-one years of age. In early womanhood she acquired a liberal education in Hiram and Oberlin colleges, graduating from the latter with the class of 1868. For several years she taught school at Oberlin. She overcame the prejudices and barriers put in the way of women at that time in seeking opportunities for service outside the closely restricted vocations, and entering the Homeopathic Hospital Medical College she was graduated in 1875. From that year until her death Vol - III-4 she was in the active practice of medicine. She had the distinction of being one of the first women in all of Northern Ohio to take up medicine as a career. Hand in hand with her work as a physician went her philanthropies. She took an active interest in the Federated Charities of Cleveland, was a member of the hospital council, a member of the consulting staff of Maternity Hospital and on its active board of managers. She was a charter member of the Maternity Hospital. Doctor Canfield was president of the Women's Hospital Association and president of its board of trustees. She was keenly interested in the French people and a member of the Alliance Francaise. She was also a member of the College Club. Doctor Canfield was laid to rest in Lakeview Cemetery at Cleveland. In 1869 she married H. Wade Canfield, who survives her, together with three children : H. H. Canfield, a Cleveland attorney; Mrs. H. B. Cody, of Cleveland, at whose home Doctor Canfield died; and Mrs. J. R. Ewers, of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. PER LEE ALVIN LIEGHLEY. After nearly five years of notably efficient service as judge of the Court of Common Pleas and the Appellate Court of Cuyahoga County, Judge Lieghley in April, 1918, resigned his place on the bench to resume private practice. Judge Lieghley came to Cleveland to practice law sixteen years ago, and those years have brought him many of the honors and successes of Which an able lawyer is most ambitious to achieve. Judge Lieghley represents a family that has been identified with Ohio for more than a century. His great-grandfather settled at Navarre about 1812. David Lieghley, grandfather of Judge Lieghley, was born near Navarre and died in 1887, after a long and useful career as a farmer. Frank B. Lieghley, father of Judge Lieghley, was born at Navarre April 14, 1843, and also spent his active career as a farmer. He married Barbara R. Lonas, who was born at Navarre June 27, 1844. Her father, John D. Lonas, was born in Virginia, but two of his sons were Union soldiers, one of them being killed in battle. Other relatives of the Lonas family were on the Confederate side. Judge Lieghley has a brother, William F. Lieghley, who was a farmer at Navarre and his only sister, Etta, is the wife of Frank Ingleman, also of the Navarre community. Per Lee Alvin Lieghley was born at Navarre March 9, 1872, was educated in district schools, graduated from a business college at Delaware, Ohio, in 1889, and had six months of 48 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS business experience at Cleveland before he entered Ohio Wesleyan University for a three years' special course. He was educated in the law at Cincinnati Law School, attending in 1894-95, and in the latter year entering Kent College of Law at Chicago, from which he graduated LL. B. in 1896. Judge Lieghley bad three years of legal experience in Chicago, until failing health caused him to return home. For several years he did duty as principal of schools at Strasburg, near his old home, practiced law and served as justice of the peace. On August 1, 1902, he moved to Cleveland and since that date his name has been one of growing weight in the local bar. In 1905 a republican council in South Brooklyn elected him, a democrat, to the office of solicitor of the village and he filled the office until about the time South Brooklyn was annexed to Cleveland. January 1, 1906, he was appointed first assistant county prosecutor of Cuyahoga County. The duties of that position took most of his time until January 9, 1909, and he was connected with a number of prominent public cases. In 1906 he tried all the cases in the Common Pleas Court brought against the bucket shops, and convicted all persons tried. On appeal from some of these cases the Supreme Court rendered its first decision on the bucket shop law in Ohio. Mr. Lieghley secured the conviction of Soloy for murder in the first degree. His execution was the first by electrocution in Cuyahoga County in a period of eight years. He was connected with a number of other interesting and well known at the time criminal prosecutions. Judge Lieghley continued in the general practice of the law from 1909 until June, 1913, when he was appointed common pleas judge by Governor Cox to succeed Judge William A. Babcock, deceased. He took up the duties of the bench on July 1, 1913, and in November, 1914, was elected to fill out the unexpired term of four years. Prior to that election a secret poll of the members of the Cuyahoga County Bar had been taken to ascertain the choice of the bar of the candidates for office. Judge Lieghley received 699 votes as against 141 for his opponent. He continued as common pleas judge until March 6, 1917, when under authority of a commission from Governor Cox of Ohio he took up the duties of judge of the Court of Appeals of the Eighth Judicial District to succeed Judge Walter D. Meals, resigned. It was a matter of general regret to all concerned when Judge Lieghley announced his decision in April, 1918, of re signing from the Appellate Court bench to take up private practice. Since leaving the bench he has become senior member of the firm Lieghley, Stanley & Horwitz, with offices in the Williamson Building. Judge Lieghley has long been recognized as one of the men upon whom the democratic party might bestow honors with every confidence that they would be approved and justified by the general electorate. He is a popular member of various fraternities, including the Masons and Knights of Pythias, and is a member of the Beta Theta Pi college fraternity. January 17, 1895, Judge Lieghley married Miss Clara Marie Alexander, daughter of J. Smith and Clara Marie (Wood) Alexander, of Marysville, Ohio. Her father was a lumber manufacturer, merchant and hay dealer. Judge and Mrs. Lieghley have two children, Helen and Phyllis. LINDUS CODY. The Cody family is a memorable one of Cleveland, not only because its members have lived in this section of Northern Ohio more than three-quarters of a century, but also on account of the attainments and achievements of its individuals. The two oldest members of the family still living in Cleveland are Lindus Cody and his brother, Darwin D. Cody. The name Cody was made famous throughout the world by the achievements of the late Col. William F. Cody, better known as Buffalo Bill, and Mr. Lindus Cody is a first cousin of that famous plainsman, scout, Indian fighter and showman. Lindus Cody was born in Davenport, Iowa, October 26, 1840, and his cousin, Colonel Cody, was born in the same section of Iowa February 26, 1846. Thus Lindus Cody is six years older than the famous scout, whose notable career came to a close in 1917. The father of Colonel Cody went out to Kansas in the early days of that territory, and lost his life during the Kansas border warfare. The Cody family came to the United States from Toronto, Canada, and a large number of Codys have lived for many years at Newmarket, about thirty miles northwest of Toronto. The grandfather of Lindus Cody, and also of Buffalo Bill, was Philip Cody, who came from the vicinity of Toronto, Canada, and was a pioneer settler of Cleveland, where he acquired extensive tracts of land, some of which is still owned by his descendants. This Philip Cody died at Cleveland in 1848, when his grandson Lindus was eight years of age. Dr. Philip Cody, father of Lindus Cody, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 49 was born in East Cleveland, and was educated for the profession of medicine at Cincinnati. He began practice at Cleveland, but after his marriage removed to Davenport, Iowa, where his brother, the father of Buffalo Bill, was also located. After two years there, he removed to Sheboygan Falls, Wisconsin, and not only engaged in the practice of medicine but studied law and became active in politics. He was a man of splendid attainments and of great ambition, and undoubtedly a great career would have been open to him had his life not been cut short by an earls death after three years of residence in Sheboygan Falls. He died there in 1846, when Lindus was six years old. Dr. Philip Cody married Harriet Sherwin, also a native of East Cleveland. Through his mother, Lindus Cody is a great-grandson of Himeas Sherwin, who fought as a soldier in the Revolutionary war and was with Washington during the dreadful winter at Valley Forge. He was one of the first residents of Cleveland, locating there more than a hundred years ago, and he died in the city and was buried in the Lakeview Cemetery. He was one of the few Revolutionary veterans to be buried at Cleveland. Lindus Cody's maternal grandfather was also named Himeas Sherwin, and he died at Cleveland. The Sherwins were a prominent New England family, and came to Cleveland from Vermont. After the death of Doctor Cody, his widow returned with her children to Cleveland and she died here in 1853, when Lindus was thirteen years of age. There were three sons, one of them being Darwin D. Cody, a retired resident on Lake Avenue in Cleveland, and referred to on other pages of this publication. Lindus was the second in age. The other brother, Aldus Cody, served as a corporal in the One Hundred and Third Ohio Regiment under Jack Casement in the Civil war. He made a splendid record as a soldier, and his death a few years after the war was the direct result of exposure and hardship of his service. A son of this old soldier and a nephew of Lindus Cody is Sherwin Cody, of Chicago, widely known as an author. Mr. Lindus Cody had little opportunity when a boy to acquire an education. Most of his schooling was acquired at East Cleveland. His two other brothers became soldiers in the Civil war and he remained at home and looked after the family farm and also performed service as a home guard. He and his brothers inherited the old Cody farm, fronting on Euclid Avenue, from their grandfather, Philip Cody. These three boys became prominent as farmers of East Cleveland and were called the watermelon kings. They raised and shipped watermelons all over the country by the thousands, boatloads, car lots, dealing as wholesalers only. Large quantities of these melons were raised on the old Cody farm, and the boys also rented all of the surrounding land which they could acquire. In 1868 Lindus Cody went to Michigan, locating twelve miles south of Grand Rapids, on the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway, where he built and operated a sawmill. That place was for some years called Cody Mills, and now bears the name Corinth. Mr. Cody was there four years, and in 1872 moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, where for four years he was in the wholesale merchandise business under his own name. He then returned to Cleveland, and Cleveland has been considered by Mr. Cody his real home ever since. For five years after his return to the city he was engaged in the general merchandise business at Collingwood under the name of Cody & Hall. About twenty years ago Mr. Cody was president of the New Philadelphia Pipe Works, an industry that employed many men. For the past thirty-five years he has been prominent in building and development work in and around Cleveland and continued actively in real estate operations until 1913, since which date he has called himself retired from active life, though he still maintains an office and has a weight of responsibilities which many younger men would consider sufficient for all their time and energies. Mr. Cody is president of the Erie Side Hotel Company, and is interested in the H. B. Cody Company, with his sons, builders and real estate owners. This company has handled and sold nearly forty allotments in and around Cleveland, has laid out many streets and has erected many homes sold on the monthly payment plan. The company also owns several apartment houses. For the past twenty years Mr. and Mrs. Cody have spent all their winters in Florida, and during that time he has become extensively identified with property development in Polk County. He now owns and operates a 200-acre ranch at Crooked Lake, in the central part of that county, and fifty acres of this have been developed as a heavily bearing orange and grape fruit grove. Mr. Cody spent two winters in Havana,