100 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS were those afforded by the public schools, which he left in 1865 in order to accept a clerkship and learn the jewelry business with S. H. Dodge, at Ypsilanti, where he remained for seven years and then went to Detroit, Michigan, and there was associated with the firm of Roelm & Wright, jewelers, until 1882, and for two subsequent years was in the employ of M. S. Smith & Company, of the same city. In 1884 Mr. Hascall came to Cleveland, his business foresight largely directing his movements. It was in the day of oil expansion and he had the wide vision that enabled him to see opportunity and the courage to take advantage of it. he organized the Atlantic Oil Company, which was incorporated in 1890 as a refining company, and when he sold his interests he felt justified in retiring from all business for two years. Mr. Hascall, however, came back into the business arena. In 1880 an enterprise under the title of the Tropical Oil Company was started at Cleveland by M. P. Case, W. L. Nutt and William Ford. In 1903 this business was purchased by George C. Hascall and R. B. Robinette, and the partnership continued until 1906, when the business was incorporated as the Tropical Oil Company, with George C. Hascall as president and R. B. Robinette as secretary and treasurer. In 1913 the name of the business was changed to the Tropical Paint & Oil Company, and in 1916 J. S. Stewart was elected vice president. This is a business enterprise that can well bear comparisons. When the present company took the business the plan occupied a floor space of 7,000 square feet and three workmen were employed, $10,000 worth of business a year being the extreme limit. At present 75,000 square feet of floor space is utilized and the business has climbed to the dizzy height of over $2,000,000 a year. In the offices of the company seventy-five people are given employment, 125 skilled workmen are in the factory and 150 traveling salesmen are required to cover trade territory. Their products, which are shipped all over the world, include a general line of paints, principally for the industrial trades, roofing cements, varnishes, lubricating oils and sundries. The plant is equipped with the most modern types of machinery. Not only is Mr. Hascall a keen business man, as evidenced by the remarkable expansion of the above business, but he is a fine judge of men and in this and in other of his enterprises he has called to his assistance men of experience and skill. In addition to the companies above named Mr. Hascall is president of the Texas Manufacturing Company, of Fort Worth, Texas; the Prairie City Oil Company, of Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; and the Atlantic Paint Company, of New York. He is a stockholder in the First National Bank of Cleveland and also the National Mortgage Company, the Security Savings & Trust Company, the Mutual Mortgage Company, the Metropolitan Securities Company, and the Hough Avenue Savings & Trust Company, all of Cleveland. Mr. Hascall was married April 10, 1889, to Miss Hattie M. Fuller, and they have had two children, Robert G., and a daughter who died in 1909. Politically Mr. Hascall is not active but his sound citizenship has never been questioned for he is public-spirited and liberal. He has long been identified with the Masonic fraternity, in which he has been advanced to the thirty-second degree, and he is also a Shriner. Social organizations have never appealed to him to any extent and the only organization in which he has cared to hold membership is the Cleveland Athletic Club, in which he has many personal friends. ARTHUR C. HOOK, now an executive officer in one of Cleveland's notable business organizations, began his business career as an office and errand boy. Concentration and hard work have been the chief factors in his successful career. Born at Cleveland, August 8, 1879, he is a son of the late Valentine Hook. His father was born at Mannhein, Germany, was educated there and at the age of twenty came to Cleveland. He was employed as bookkeeper with the leather house Weitz & Fetzer until his death in 1884. After coming to Cleveland he married Caroline Maedje. They have five children : Louie, deceased; Anna, Mrs. L. Backus, of Cleveland; Arthur C.; Edwin V., bookkeeper for the Sterling & Welch Company; and Oscar M., auditor for Grasselli Chemical Company. Arthur C. Hook's literary education was finished at the age of fifteen, while he was still in high school. The next year he worked as an errand boy in the A. Zwierlin shoe store. He then responded to a call from the Standard Oil Company's office to act as office CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 101 boy and was with that organization five years, working up to the position as clerk in the statistical department. From that he came with his present company, the Sterling & Welch Company, the first year being sales entry clerk, then four years on the retail ledgers, at the end of which time he organized and systematized the cost department and was put in charge. He was given additional ledger work in 1908, and beginning in that year he also acted as secretary and treasurer on account of the ill health of F. A. Grossenbacher, the secretary and treasurer. Mr. Grossenbacher soon afterwards died and in February, 1910, Mr. Hook was elected his successor. Since 1912 he has also been a director of the company. Mr. Hook served as vice president and director of the Physicians and Surgeons Building Company, and as he is still a young man it is apparent that his experience and ability in business fields is only just beginning to bear fruit. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, City Club, a republican and Presbyterian. June 19, 1901, at Cleveland, he married Miss Pauline Lohmeyer. They have two children, Arthur, a student in high school ; and Paul, still in the grammar school. JOHN C. HUB, JR. Among the important manufacturing lines at 'Cleveland is that of high grade office furniture, for which there is a growing demand in every city as more and more elaborate office buildings are put up, and not only utility but beauty and comfort are also demanded in their equipments. A representative and substantial house in this line at Cleveland is the J. C. Hub Manufacturing Company, of which John C. Hub, Jr., has been president ever since its organization. John C. Hub was born at Rochester, New York. April 6, 1880, and is a son of John C. and Emily Hub. He secured a public school education at Rochester and was sixteen years old when he completed his high school course. His first business venture had been as a newsboy, during his school days, and his trade was learned with the Y & E Manufacturing Company of Rochester. When he came to Cleveland it was in the capacity of salesman of office furniture for that company and after two years in this city he decided to remain and organized the company of which he has been the head ever since. Through his enterprise the business has reached large proportions. He started in 1902 with a capital of but $140 and the present company, incor porated in 1918, has a capital of $75,000. Now he gives employment to forty-five skilled hands and owns fourteen patents on his line of high grade office specialty—filing supplies —which is the most complete line of its kind in the Central West. Mr. Hub has won an enviable place among the successful business men of Cleveland and he has done more, for he has shown diversity of talent in other directions and through sterling character and pleasing personality has become identified with and valued in many organizations peculiar to this city. As an evidence of the resoluteness which marks his character it may be mentioned that through attending night sessions of the Cleveland Law School he completed a full course in law and was admitted to the bar in 1914. Mr. Hub has never taken any very active part in politics and is independent as far as party affiliations goes, but he is hearty in his efforts to promote good government and assure city and state wise officials. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Athletic, the Cleveland Ad, the Ben Franklin and the Fellowcraft clubs. ROBERT H. CARLISLE. The lifelong hobby of Robert H. Carlisle has been mechanics. About fifty years ago, a youth shortly returned from the Union army and while he was working as a journeyman apprentice at the carriage making trade in a rural community of Ohio, his highest ambition was to command wages of two dollars and a half a day. Mr. Carlisle was in active business forty-five years, and his modest early ambition to make money was probably succeeded and superseded many years ago by a strong central purpose to accomplish big things in the business world, without any special consideration of the financial profit. Those who are familiar with the standing and rating of some of the large business corporations of this country need no further evidence of Mr. Carlisle's success in affairs than is indicated by the fact that he is vice president of the Strong. Carlisle & Hammond Company, easily one of the largest corportions in the country today, handling supplies, tools and machinery. With some interesting variations the story of Mr. Carlisle is that of the typical American farmer boy who makes good use of the inherited strength of a rugged ancestry and his own individual talents. He was born on a farm at Bedford in Cuyahoga County. October 30, 1848. His father, William C. Carlisle, was 102 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS born in the north of Ireland at Newry, of Scotch-Irish Presbyterian stock. The grandfather was a merchant, a produce shipper, an had extensive business connections in London England. William C. Carlisle had one brother who was a professor in Queen's College and another brother held the rank of captain in the English army. William C. Carlisle himself was liberally educated in school and college, but alway preferred the independent life of the farmer He came to the United States alone and ar rived at Cleveland in 1832. From Leonard Case, that pioneer Cleveland capitalist an philanthropist whose name figures so prominently in the early history of the city, he bought a farm in Bedford and lived there until his son Robert was four years old. Selling hi Ohio property he moved to Illinois and bought another farm, later resided for a brief time in Cleveland, and then moved to a far at Ridgeville in Lorain County. He finally went to Mount Gilead in Morrow County, where he conducted a grocery and market until his death. He died at the age of sixty-four and is buried at Mount Gilead. William C. Carlisle married Eliza Quigley. She was a native of Massachusetts and she and her husband were married in New York state. They now rest side by side in the cemetery at Mount Gilead. In their family were seven children, five sons and two daughters. Robert H. Carlisle was next to the youngest. His older brother, William M., died in 1916. The other children still living are: Mrs. J. M. Lewis, wife of Dr. J. M. Lewis, of Cleveland; Mrs. Jeanette Bennett, of Cleveland; John L., of Cleveland; and Frank D., of Bowling Green, Ohio. The early boyhood of Robert H. Carlisle was spent in the various localities mentioned. For two years he attended the old 'Walnut Street School in Newburg, later he attended district school in Ridgeville, Lorain County, and when a little past fifteen years of age, early in 1864, enlisted in Company H of the One Hundred and Fiftieth Ohio Infantry. At the expiration of his term he re-enlisted in Company I, One Hundred and Ninety-Third Ohio Volunteer Infantry. He served one year, and on returning from the army attended a select school in Cleveland one winter. The following spring he went to Mount Gilead, entered a shop and served an apprenticeship at the carriage trade. He also did journeyman work one year and then it was that he was possessed of that ambition to make the modest stipend of two dollars and a half a day. From 1872 to 1878 Mr. Carlisle was a carriage manufacturer at Delaware, Ohio, where he was in business under the firm name of Carlisle Brothers. His associate was his brother, John L. Then for two years he traveled on the road selling goods, and for another two years was junior partner in the firm Leeper & Carlisle, hardware merchants at Portland, Indiana. Selling out to his partner, he returned to Newburg, Ohio, and from 1880 to 1887 was head of the firm Carlisle & Tyler, hardware merchants in that village. Thirty years ago, in 1887, Mr. Carlisle engaged in the mill supply business. This business was first a co-partnership under the firm name of Strong, Carlisle & Turney. In 1893 they incorporated as the Strong, Carlisle & Turney Company, and in 1898 the corporate name became Strong, Car lisle & Hammond Company, as it exists today. This great house has its headquarters at 326-344 Frankfort Avenue, N. W., and the volume of its business for a number of years has been such as to make it well known nationally and internationally. In the old headquarters of the partnership on Water Street business began with only five employes, while at present 350 people are on the payroll. While he still retains the office of vice president. Mr. Carlisle on account of ill health retired from active supervision of business affairs in 1916. Aside from the importance and scope of his business achievements, a man's character is often best revealed in his attitude toward his mother and wife and women generally. Mr. Carlisle feels that he had one of the best mothers that ever blessed and guided a boy's youth- ful footsteps. When he was married forty years ago he was conscious of having won the greatest prize of life, and forty years have only strengthened all the ties of devotion he gives to his life companion and the mother of his children. December 26, 1878, at Delaware, Ohio, he married Miss Fida L. Tyler. She was born in Licking County, Ohio, a daughter of Hon. Joel L. Tyler, who married a Miss Waterman. Her father was one of the big men of his community and day in Ohio, a fine character, and served as a member of the Ohio Legislature a number of years. He was a gentleman farmer and his associates regarded him as a very prince in character. Mrs. Carlisle graduated from the high school at Delaware and from the Ohio Wesleyan Female Seminary, as it was CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 103 then called, now the Ohio Wesleyan University. Her college degree is Mistress of English Literature. She is an active member of the College Club of Cleveland and is a director of the Old Ladies' Home of this city, and has been a director of "The Retreat," a home for unfortunate girls. Both Mr. and Mrs. Carlisle are sustaining members and workers of the Windermere Methodist Episcopal Church, to the building of which he contributed generously. Mr. Carlisle is affiliated with Newburg Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Baker Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He and his family have a fine residence at 2045 Abington Road. This home was planned and built under the personal supervision of Mr. Carlisle. The family also have a beautiful summer home on an island in Georgian Bay, known as camp Cleveland. He has about eight acres surrounding the home and has all the facilities for the enjoyment of water sports and pleasures. Mr. and Mrs. Carlisle have two sons and one daughter. The daughter is Mrs. W. F. Mackay of Cleveland. The sons are Tyler and Stanley R. Tyler W., who is assistant treasurer of the Strong, Carlisle & Hammond Company, is now a major in the United States army and stationed at Washington, D. C. Stanley R. is with the army in camp at Montgomery, Alabama, with the rank of second lieutenant. The daughter was born at Delaware, and both sons at Cleveland. Mrs. Mackay graduated from the Central High School of Cleveland and attended Wells College. The sons were educated in Cleveland schools, and Tyler was a student in the Boston Institute of Technology. He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity. HENRY P. ENGELN. The mysterious physical agent, electricity, entering as it does into every avenue of modern life in some device or other of regulated power, has seemingly reached such amazing heights in results that mankind can scarcely believe that still further great development can reasonably be expected. It is true, however, that the genius of the inventor is more evident in the world than ever before. and in recent years the results of their scientific investigations and experiments have far overshadowed the many achievements of the early contributors to the advancement of electrical science. While every field of industry and activity has been quickened by this marvelous agent through some perfected invention, perhaps no accrued benefit has been so great as that concerning medicine and surgery, in which connection stands out the X-Ray. Probably there is no man outside the profession in Cleveland who is better qualified to speak on this subject than is Henry P. Engeln, president of the Engeln Electric Company, a man of wide experience in this field and himself an inventor. Henry P. Engeln was born in the capital city of France. May 3, 1870. His parents, Paul and Anna Engeln, moved to Germany in his childhood, and in German schools he had excellent advantages. In 1885 the family came to the United States and located at Chicago, Illinois, where Henry P. was a student in the public schools for two years, and then took a course in the Metropolitan Business College in that city covering one year. He took advantage of business opportunities in Chicago and worked in a clerical capacity in several retail stores prior to 1895, when he became a salesman in the line of scientific electric devices, along which he found he had natural inventive talent, which later found expression in a patented device of marvelous simplicity but of equally marvelous usefulness, the Engeln Self Contained Tankless Air and Vacuum Pump. In 1900 Mr. Engeln came to Cleveland and organized the Engeln Electric Company, for the manufacture of electrical equipments for physicians and surgeons and hospital use. He is also the sole representative for the Kelly-Koett Manufacturing Company, of Covington, Kentucky, this concern being in the same line as himself. For twenty years Mr. Engeln has been in the business of selling X-Ray apparatus and has kept abreast of the advance made in these years in the improvements in machines and accessories. He carries the following: Diagnostic X-Ray plates; seeds X-Ray plates and films; Paragon X-Ray plates and supplies; hydrogen X-Ray tubes; Coolidge tube installations; all kinds of high frequency electrodes; all kinds of X-Ray, high frequency and coil tubes; Daylite Mazda lamps, and a full line of the electrical equipments above mentioned. The Engeln Self Contained Tankless Air and Vacuum Pump Is a complete machine that is always ready to operate and among other advantages occupies a very small space. 104 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS The vacuum or suction feature of the pump is invaluable, and treatments by this method are based on correct and well known principles. To the modern physician it is an invaluable help. Suction is widely used in hyperaemia treatment in connection with the draining of pus and blood during an operation or from infected wounds or cavities, and has proven especially useful in nasal practice in cleaning out diseased cells; has been used successfully in brain abscess; in mastoid surgery and in throat affections. By alternation of suction and pressure, perfect massage is obtained, the pump giving a powerful, positive and constant flow of air in sufficient quantity. It is indispensable to the eye, ear and nose specialist and will be found in the equipment of every scientific physician of the country. In May, 1895, Mr. Engeln was married to Miss Bertha Correll, and they have one daughter, Marie Ellen, who is a student in the Cleveland High School. Mr. Engeln is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and his progressive ideas along business lines are often timely and helpful. His Masonic connections include membership in Euclid Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter, Oriental Commandery, Lake Erie Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. An honorable business man of this city for seventeen years, Mr. Engeln has the full confidence of other business men and the personal regard of many. SERENO PECK PENN is one of the veteran business men of Cleveland and for upwards of half a century has been identified with the Sherwin-Williams Company, paint and varnish manufacturers. He is now vice-president, secretary and treasurer of that great organization. His successful business career has not been the only expression of his life. He has found time and has taken pleasure in serving the church and moral and civic interests of his home city. He was born at Tallmadge in Summit County, Ohio. April 25, 1844, a son of Sereno and Eliza (Carrothers) Fenn. His father was born in Milford, Connecticut, in 1810, was educated there, and came to Summit County, Ohio, in 1823, where he spent his active life as a farmer. His death occurred .January 8, 1885. On his father's farm in Summit County Sereno P. Fenn grew to manhood, attending in the meantime the district and high schools. In 1862, at the age of eighteen, he came to Cleveland and was a student in the Humiston Institute until 1864. He left his studies to give his services to the Union, enlisting in Company B, One Hundred Sixty-Fourth Ohio Infantry. He was a member of the Union army four months, and toward the close of the war he returned to Cleveland and became clerk in the freight department of the Big Four Railroad Company. Not long afterward he left railroading to accept a position as bookkeeper with the Sherwin-Williams Company. With that internationally known firm of paint manufacturers his service has been continuous and in practically all departments, and finally brought him to his present official position as vice president, secretary and treasurer. Aside from business one of his chief interests has been the Old Stone Church, First Presbyterian, at Cleveland on the Public Square, a landmark known to every citizen. His membership in this church has been continuous since 1865. In 1879 he was elected superintendent of the church Mission at 55th and Superior streets and gave much of his time to that work until 1910. Since then he has been superintendent of the Old Stone Church Sunday School. His devotion to the church and Sabbath school is well indicated by the fact that he has never missed attending Sunday school nor has he been tardy during the past twenty-five years except when business and other occasions required his presence out of town. He and his good wife were closely associated with church work and in the Young Men's Christian Association and the Young Women's Christian Association movements of Cleveland. Mr. Fenn has been a director of the Cleveland Young Men's Christian Association since it was reorganized in 1868 and for the past twenty-five years has served as president of the local affiliation. He is also a member of the Union Club, the Mayfield Country Club, Clifton Club and the Chamber of Commerce. At Milwaukee, Wisconsin, May 15, 1872, he married Mrs. J. H. DeWitt. Mrs. Fenn, who was a first cousin of President Wilson, died at Cleveland January 12, 1917. For many years she was connected with the Young Women's Christian Association, and at one time held the office of vice president. She withdrew from the active work of that organization shortly before her death. A daughter, Elizabeth H. DeWitt, is the wife of J. L. Severance. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 105 ERNEST A. FEAZEL is one of the best known members of the Cleveland bar, and for upwards of twenty years has given his time and services to his fellow lawyers as librarian of the Cleveland Law Library. Mr. Feazel was born at Lodi, Ohio, October 6, 1870, a son of John T. and Melissa Feazel. He was reared and educated at Lodi, attended the grammar and high schools, and after graduating from high school in 1888 became a teacher. He was successfully engaged in the performance of his duties in the schoolroom near Lodi until 1894. In that year he removed to Cleveland and entered the law department of Western Reserve University, where he continued his studies until graduating in the fall of 1897. Mr. Feazel, because of his exceptional ability as a student, was at once made an instructor in the law school of his alma mater, and from that position he entered, in 1899, upon his duties as librarian of the Cleveland Law Library. He was instrumental in organizing the American Association of Law Libraries and served two years as president of that organization. He is a member of the Shaker Heights Country Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, the City Club, and of the Civic League. Mr. Feazel is an active and influential Mason, particularly in the Scottish Rite bodies, and did much to secure the erection of the new Masonic Temple at Cleveland Heights. He is now serving as senior warden of his Heights lodge and king in Heights Chapter, Royal Arch Masons. He is also a member of Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Feazel was married at Lodi, Ohio, June 14, 1900, to Albertine Parmelee. They are the parents of three children : Elizabeth, Charlotte and Ernest Albert, Jr. The two older children are attending the public schools of Cleveland Heights. HARLEY B. GIBBS. Probably very few of the successful business men of Cleveland, or of any other city of importance in which their business lives have been mainly spent, would entertain for a moment the suggestion that their undertakings had terminated favorably through any such providential interference as the visionary "luck," for they undoubtedly know full well that it is hard, persistent work and iron determination that opens a pathway to worth-while success. The boy of fourteen who shoulders responsibility is not an infrequent figure in American life, but it is sadly true that but few, comparatively, reach any particular plane of achievement that separates them from their working companions. It is interesting to trace the progress of one of those who has reached this plane, and through his own efforts, who may now cast a retrospective eye many years backward, during which long interval Cleveland has been his chosen home. It was in 1863, when as now (1917), a great military struggle caused general business disturbances that disastrously affected thousands of well-to-do fathers of families, that Harley B. Gibbs. a courageous youth just out of school, left his Ohio home to seek his fortune in the rapidly developing city of Chicago. At that time as since, the Chicago Board of Trade exemplified one of the greatest avenues of business activity, and it was in the midst of this stirring commercial environment that the boy first learned business methods and, among other lessons, how to recognize and grasp opportunities. He was observant, honest, industrious, frugal and dependable, and that these qualities rapidly furthered his recognized usefulness goes without saying. Harley B. Gibbs was born at Milan in Erie County. Ohio, March 13, 1849. His parents were Edward H. and Maria Louise Gibbs. Ho attended the public schools and made headway in the high school, hut, ambitious to see something of the world and to become self-supporting, he put aside his books when fourteen years of age and made his way to Chicago. years he found a position in the accounting department with the grain commission firm of Morse, Ward & Company, dealers on the Board of Trade, and remained with the same firm for six years and then came to Cleveland. Here Mr. Gibbs soon became an official in the King Bridge Company, later accepting the office of treasurer, and this identification continued until 1907, when he retired. He has been otherwise prominent, many times assisting with capital and influence many substantial enterprises here and his private interests are numerous and important. He is well known in banking circles and is vice president of the Lake Shore Banking & Trust Company. In every field in which his energies have been employed he has shown great business acumen and universal confidence is placed in the wisdom of his opinions. Mr. Gibbs was married June 12. 1912, to Miss Nellie Standard, of Milan, Ohio. Mr. Gibbs has always been a liberal and public spirited citizen, taking a hearty inter- 106 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS est in progressive measures beneficial to Cleveland, and has given his political support to the candidates of the republican party because he believes in its principles. He is a Mason of very high degree and enjoys friendly companionship with other members of such well known organizations as the Union Club, the Road Side Club, the New England Society of Cleveland, and the Ohio Society of New York. HARRY C. GAMMETER, of Cleveland, is inventor of the multigraph. That is sufficient fame for one man and one lifetime. In a little more than ten years the multigraph, with its improvement, has become one of the indispensable machines required for the prompt and efficient transaction of American office business routine. It is a compact piece of machinery and in many ways is more remarkable than either the typewriter or the printing press, its own service standing midway between these two machines. Mr. Gammeter is a native Ohioan, horn at Akron, February 27, 1870, a son of Christian and Anna (Mauerhover) Gammeter. His parents were both born in Switzerland and after coming to America lived in Akron, where his father followed a mechanical trade as a cornice maker. Both parents are now deceased. Harry C. Gammeter grew up in Akron, attended the public schools until fifteen, and after that for seven years earned his living as a clerk in the tea and coffee store of Schumacher & Gammeter Company, in which his brother was a partner. The humdrum routine of merchandising made no strong appeal to Harry C. Gammeter, whose faith and inclinations were of a much more active sort. He early came to realize his deficiencies of education and made up for it by pursuing a course in Buchtel College at Akron, and after that for two years was a student of the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland. The business experience which meant more to him than anything else was as salesman for the United Typewriter and Supplies Company of Louisville, Kentucky. He remained with that firm two years and then for six years sold typewriters and supplies on his own account. While handling typewriting machines the need was again and again brought to his attention of a satisfactory duplicating machine. While traveling and in his leisure hours he worked out the basic principles of such a machine and gradually perfected the design. With his invention in its crude form, and with his own capital and as an associate with H. C. Osborne of Cleveland, he began developing the multigraph machine and in 1903 the American Multigraph Company was incorporated. Since the establishment of this corporation Mr. Gammeter holds an official position with the firm. Even at the beginning the multigraph did the work required of it, and since then there has been constant adaptation and perfection of its operation. At first the purpose was merely to make an efficient duplicating machine, to furnish any number of copies of typewritten letters. The present modern type of the multigraph is a complete office printing press of the greatest flexibility and capable of turning out all kinds of form printing. There has been a constant increase in the business organization from its foundation to the present time, it now having a world wide reputation. Besides Mr. Gammeter only a few men were required to handle the business at the beginning, and today the American Multigraph Company has a force of 1,000 employees, and the floor space of its plant in Cleveland is 60,000 square feet. Mr. Gammeter thus ranks among America's notable inventors. Doubtless thousands of men recognized and voiced the need of an adequate duplicating machine. He was the man who applied himself to filling the need, and has been further fortunate in realizing success from the development of the idea in his mind. Mr. Gammert is a member of the Chamber of Commerce of Cleveland, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Cleveland Engineering Society, and has also been active in the Young Men's Christian Association and as president of the Aero Club of Cleveland. He has always been fond of outdoor life, his favorite sports are motoring, yachting, fishing and tennis. He is a republican in. politics and a member of the Episcopal Church. October 25, 1905, he married Miss Mand F. Frye, daughter of E. W. and Electa (Fuller) Frye. Their two children are Elects L. and Harry F., the former aged ten and the latter eight, both in the public schools. WILLIAM C. OWEN, president of the Owen Tire & Rubber Company, is an architect by profession and for a number of years has been a specialist in the construction of industrial buildings, particularly those designed and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 107 equipped for the great rubber manufacturing plants of the country. Probably no architect in the country has had a more varied experience and has gained the authority based upon more complete technical and classical knowledge in the construction of plants for rubber industries than Mr. Owen. It was this highly specialized experience as an architect and engineer that decided Mr. Owen to utilize his technical knowledge in the establishment of a tire and rubber company, of which he is president and manager. He was born at East Liverpool, Ohio, .June 8. 1882, son of W. J. and Ida (Howe) Owen. Up to the age of sixteen he attended grammar and high school, following which he went to work with the J. B. Owens Pottery Plant at Zanesville, and was employed in the modeling department. This experience was not without value to him as a professional preparation, and it was followed by one year in the engineering course of the Ohio Northern University, when he again took up practical work as a draftsman for the Carnegie Steel Company at Pittsburg. For a year he also had the benefit of instruction and special experience in engineering with the chief engineer of the American Bridge Works at Rochester, Pennsylvania. For a time Mr. Owen traveled over the country as a draftsman for various architects, but in 1910 located at East Palestine. Ohio, and set up in the regular practice of architecture. In 1912 he removed to Youngstown, forming the partnership of Clepper & Owen, architects. Mr. Owen has been a resident of Cleveland since the fall of 1914, and from this city his practice as an architect and engineer has brought him many influential connections. While a specialist in the construction of rubber plants, his record also includes a varied service in general lines. He is architect of the filling stations for the Standard Oil Company at Cincinnati and Canton, of the C. N. Vickery Building at Canton, the United Brethren Church and the First Christian Church at. East Palestine, residences for D. M. Mason at Kent, C. F. Adamson at East Palestine. school houses at Braceville and Palmyra, Ohio. He has done much to introduce the Italian lines into architecture, and the first three buildings above noted represent that type of architectural treatment. A partial list of the rubber plants of which Mr. Owen has been architect include the following: Mason Tire & Rubber Company at Kent, Ohio; International India Rubber Com pany at South Bend, Indiana; Akron Biltwell Tire & Rubber Company of Akron ; L. & M. Tire & Rubber Company at Carrollton, Ohio; M. & M. Tire & Rubber Company at East Liverpool ; National Tire & Rubber Company, at East Palestine ; East Palestine Rubber Company. In 1917 Mr. Owen organized The Owen Tire & Rubber Company of Cleveland, with himself as president and general manager, E. M. 131atz, vice president, and Charles L. Blatz, secretary and treasurer. The location of the plant of this new company is Bedford, about four miles from the Cleveland city limits, and has an exceptional location and the advantage of complete railroad facilities. While the technical processes of manufacture will be left to an expert factory superintendent, Mr. Owen is doing much to insure the success of the business by giving it the most modern plant of its kind in the entire country. The first unit of that plant, on plans drawn by Mr. Owen, is now in course of construction and is 62 by 410 feet. The capacity of this first unit will he 250 solid truck tires, 500 pneumatic tires and 500 tubes per day. The company is capitalized at $800,000. Mr. Owen is a member of the Sons of Veterans, a Scottish Rite Mason and a member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and is also a Knight of Pythias, member of Cleveland Engineering Society. Politically he is an independent voter. At East Palestine, Ohio, May 4, 1905, he married Gertrude Lawrence. They have two children, Mildred Jane and Anna Jean. ALBERT W. HENN. One of the representative business men of Cleveland whose interests are large and important is Albert W. Henn. president and treasurer of the National Acme Company of this city and officially identified with several other enterprises. Like many other of the successful business men of Cleveland, he has had practical training, and the discipline and experience of his earlier years have ever since had a recognized value. Albert W. Henn was born at New Britain, Connecticut, January 26, 1865. His parents were Francis A. and Barbara Wilhelmy Henn. His father was born at Baden, Germany, April 1. 1822, came to America a political refugee in 1848. He retired from active life in 1883 and died in 1910. He was a locksmith by trade and after coming to New Britain found employment in some of the big hardware manufacturing houses, notably 108 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the firm of Russell & Erwin and Landers, Frary & Clark. Albert W. Henn went to school until he was thirteen years of age, when his practical father decided that it was time he learned a self-supporting trade and the boy went into the factory of Landers, Frary & Clark, covering a period of four years. At the age of nineteen he came to Cleveland and here secured a position as entry olerk with the wholesale dry goods house of Root & McBride, where he remained for eight months, and then became a bookkeeper for the firm of Levy & Stearn. He continued with this house for thirteen years. During this period he had, apparently, little use for the mechanical knowledge he had secured in his boyhood, but when the opportunity came he found himself thoroughly interested and quite able to apply it. In conjunction with his brother, E. C. Henn, Albert W. at Hartford, Connecticut, organized the Acme Machine Screw Company, with E. C. Henn as president and Albert W. Henn as secretary and treasurer. In 1902 they merged their enterprise with the National Manufacturing Company of Cleveland and changed their caption to the National-Acme Manufacturing Company. Mr. Henn became secretary of the concern at that time, since 1908 has also been treasurer, and was elected president in 1918. He is also treas- ' urer and a director of the Maynard H. Murch Company, investments; is president of the Goodhold Farm Company ; is vice president of the Ohio Muck Farm Company, and is a director in the Lincoln Electric Company and the Winton Hotel Company. Mr. Henn was married at Cleveland, April 17, 1889, to Miss Gertrude Bruce, and they have four children three sons and one daughter: Edwin C., who is a graduate of Cornell College; Howard R. who is a graduate of Yale College; Jeanette, who is a graduate of Laurel School, Cleveland, is now a student at Vassar College; and Robert B., a bright youth of thirteen years who is attending the University School at Cleveland. In all that pertains to good citizenship and particularly all that gives encouragement to progress and civic reform at Cleveland Mr. Henn stands in the front rank, but he is not affiliated with any political party. He has advanced far in Masonry, having taken both the Scottish and York rite degrees and is a Shriner. Genial and friendly by nature, Mr. Henn has numerous pleasant social connec tions and his membership is valued in such well known organizations as the Union, the Willowick Country, the Cleveland Athletic and the Colonial clubs. HORACE A. FULLER. The activities of the Fuller family in the iron industry and other business activities of Cleveland have received special attention on other pages under the name of Samuel A. Fuller. A son of this pioneer ironmaster of Cleveland, Horace A. Fuller, was closely associated with his father for a number of years and is now at the head of two of the companies with Nv h ich his father was at one time vitally interested. Horace A. Fuller was born at Cleveland, September 23, 1864. He was educated in the local public schools and one of his instructors was Prof. Elroy M. Avery, editor of the present publication. Leaving high school at the age of sixteen, Mr. Fuller attended for one year a preparatory school of Western Reserve College at Hudson, Ohio, and then spent a year in the Western Reserve University at Cleveland. His first business experience was with the firm of Condit Fuller and Company, iron and steel merchants, in which his father was a partner. He began in the accounting department, was later in the sales department, and finally was given the entire charge of the financial end of the concern. On the death of Paul B. Condit he became a partner in the firm, which was later incorporated as the Condit Fuller Company, with Horace A. Fuller as vice president. He has continued to hold that office to the present time. In 1892 the name was changed to the Bourne-Fuller Company. In 1888 Mr. Fuller gave his more active attention to his duties as assistant secretary of the Union Rolling Mill Company, of which his father was general manager and treasurer. Upon the death of his father in 1891 he became general manager and treasurer, and in 1914 was elected president, his present office in this large industry. In January, 1912, the Bourne-Fuller Company, of which he is vice-president, acquired the Upson Nut Company, still operating it under the old name. He is now president of the Upson Nut Company. He is also a director in the Central National Bank of Cleveland. Both in business and in social circles he has many active connections not only in Cleveland but in other large cities. He is a CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 109 member of the Union Club, Country Club, Mayfield Country Club, Tavern Club of Cleveland and the Delta Kappa Epsilon Club of New York City, Forest and Stream Club of Wilmington, Vermont, and the Midwick Country Club of Pasadena, California. He is a republican voter and a member of the Presbyterian Church. At Brooklyn, New York, April 14, 1886, Mr. Fuller married Miss Alice T..Ingersoll. Her father, Rev. Dr. Edward Payson Ingersoll, was a prominent clergyman of Brooklyn. Mr. and Mrs. Fuller have two children: Mrs. Louis A. Pierrong, of Cleveland; and Mrs. J. Lee Ryan, of Cleveland. JUDGE CHARLES J. ESTE?, of the Common Pleas Bench of Cuyahoga County, has had an active membership in the Cleveland bar for over thirty years, and during that time many of the most substantial honors and successes of the legal profession have been obtained by him. Judge Estep is a lawyer of ripe scholarship, of elevated character, and has the powers and dignity which are the finest adornment of the judicial office. Judge Estep was horn at Cadiz, Harrison County, Ohio, July 23, 1858. His father was an eminent lawyer of Ohio, Josiah M. Estep, who was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania, February 19, 1829, was educated in the public schools of Pennsylvania and Washington and Jefferson College, and studied law at Pittsburg under Judge G. Penny. In 1857 he located at Cadiz, Ohio, was admitted to the Ohio bar and practiced law with great success and distinction until his death on May 4, 1888. While the ability of the Ohio bar during the thirty years of his active career was at its height, the attainments of Josiah M. Estep place him easily in the front rank of the lawyers of the state. He married at Cadiz September 23, 1857, Amanda Crabb. Fonr of their children are still living, Charles J.; William G., an attorney at law at San Diego, California; Josiah M., a civil engineer at Cleveland ; and Junis D., who is in the photographic supply business at Los Angeles. Charles J. Estep spent his early youth in Cadiz, Ohio, graduated from the high school in 1876, was for three years a student at Wooster University in this state, and then began the diligent stuty of law in his father's office. After his admission to the bar in 1881 he practiced with his father for three years, and then left Cadiz to come to Cleveland. Here he was in partnership with Charles O'Connor under the name of O'Connor & Estep until the death of the senior member. He practiced law alone for a few years and in 1887 was elected city prosecutor, being reelected for a second two-year term. His next partnership was with Judge S. S. Ford and his brother, W. G. Estep, under the name, Estep, Ford & Estep, which continued until 1895. Judge Estep after that was in practice with Judge Lawrence under the name Lawrence & Estep until the former was elected to the bench in 1901. Judge Estep was appointed the first assistant director of law for the City of Cleveland in 1893, and filled that office until 1895. In 1902 former mayor, now Secretary of War, Newton T. Baker, appointed him assistant solicitor of the law department of the city. In the fall of 1906 Judge Estep was elected judge of the Common Pleas Court for a two-year term. On retiring from the bench he formed a partnership under the name Estep & Gott, but in 1910 was again elected judge of the Common Pleas Court and was re-elected for a *second term of six years in the fall of 1916. During 1905-06 Judge Estep was a member of the Court House Commission of Cuyahoga County. He is a member of the County and State Bar associations, the Beta Theta Pi and Phi Alpha Delta college fraternities, is a democrat in politics and a vestryman in the Emanuel Episcopal Church. At Cleveland January 23, 1889, he married Miss Edith Arthur. They have two children, Arthur C. and Charlotte. Arthur, now twenty-five years of age, is a graduate of the public schools of Cleveland, of Dartmouth College, and for two years was a student of mechanical engineering in the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland. He later assumed the business responsibilities of superintendent of the Whitaker Fireproofing Company at Waynesburg, Ohio. He enlisted in the navy in April, and has received an ensign commission, being located at Key West, Florida. He married at Waynesburg in February, 1915, Miss Kate Whitaker. The daughter, Charlotte, is a graduate of the Cleveland High School and of the Woman's College in Western Reserve University. She was married September 23, 1917, to D. J. Miller, an ensign in the United States Navy and is living with her husband at Key West, Florida. 110 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS CHARLES W. FENNER. One of the interesting men of Cleveland is Charles W. Fenner, who is president and general manager of the Reflex Ignition Company of this city, an enterprise of large capital and great importance. Because of a wide business experience and his acknowledged ability to wisely handle business problems Mr. Fenner has become widely known in the commercial field, and as the head of his present company has still further added to his reputation for honest and stable methods along all lines. Mr. Fenner is a native of Richland County, born at Plymouth, Ohio, December 22, 1873, and is a son of Cornelius and Sarah Fenner. Charles W. Fenner completed his public school course in 1891, when he was graduated from the Plymouth High School. He spent the next year working on farms, and while the experience was excellent for his physical development, it did not advance him very far on the road he bad ambitiously chosen for his life vocation. From 1892 until 1893 he was a student in the Eastman Business College at Poughkeepsie, New York, and then came to Cleveland. Here he worked for two months as stock boy in the wholesale dry goods house of Root & McBride, advancing then to a better position, with the firm of Smith & Waters, commission merchants, where he engaged for one year as bookkeeper. He then accepted the position of bookkeeper with the Arcade Savings Bank, and one year later became manager of the Spotless Steam Sponger Manufacturing Company, Mr. Fenner continued with the above company until 1909, when, in association with others, he organized the Reflex Ignition Company, which, through his enterprise, has been developed into an exceedingly important business concern. While good plugs are essential to every motor, there are certain qualities pertaining to the Reflex plugs, manufactured by this company, that are found in no other. Every Reflex plug is constructed to meet a fixed standard of quality, and the public has not been slow to recognize this fact. The Reflex Ignition Company was incorporated in August, 1909, and manufacturing was started in the following year, the out. put including: Reflex spark plugs and their accessories, the Baffle type core, and the Petticoat type core. These porcelain cores. known under the general name of Reflex Cromite Porcelain Cores, are something new in the industry. They are made of a fine grade of porcelain, the glaze covering them assuring enor mous dielectric strength. They are used in all Reflex plugs, the Baffle type on enclosed-end plugs and the Petticoat type of the open-end plugs. Considering the enormous volume, of the motor industry and its seeming increase, it is but reasonable to assume that the manufacturing of such an essential part of these numberless machines may become one of the greatest enterprises of this scientific age. At the time of incorporation of the Reflex Ignition Company the following officers were elected and the board continues: Charles W. Fenner, president, treasurer, and general manager; E. W. Farr, vice president; and J. A. Fenner, secretary. The company entered a manufacturing field that seemed already well filled, and although their plant was small and they employed only two workmen, the first year's output was 50,000 plugs. As soon as users of motors came to a realization of the excellence of the new product, activity spread all over the factory, forty skilled workmen being now employed and the output in 1918 was 1,500,000 plugs. Their trade territory extends all over the United States and their salesmen send in satisfactory orders from other countries. Mr. Fenner was first married to Miss Mayme Leising, who died in 1909, the mother of one child, Cornelius C. On June 22, 1910, Mr. Fenner married Mrs. Mary E. Ward, the mother of two children : Ward F. and Katharyne. Mr. Fenner and his family belong to the Presbyterian Church. In politics he is a republican, but is not an active politician, contenting himself with performing conscientiously every apparent civic duty and assisting in matters appealing to American patriotism. Fraternally he has long been identified with Windermere Lodge No. 627 Free and Accepted Masons, Holyrood Commandery of Knights Templar, and Lake Erie Consistory, Thirty-Second Degree, Scottish Rite, and finds congenial companionship in membership in the Old Colony Club. He is also a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. JEPTHA L. FULLER has made his mark in the Cleveland business world as a salesman. Through his well fortified ability in that line he has been one of the chief factors in the success and prosperity of the Bishop-Babcock-Becker Company, manufacturers of the Red Cross soda fountain and a general line of other soda fountain supplies and accessories, Mr. Fuller is now general sales manager for this line of the firm's output. With CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 111 a line of goods recognized as second to none manufactured anywhere, Mr. Fuller has pushed his sales with characteristic energy and success, and the business has continually increased under his able management. Mr. Fuller spent his early life on a farm in Lake County, Ohio. He was born at Wickliffe, Ohio, April 14, 1873, a son of Chauncey and Olivia Faller. His father was born and reared and educated in Lake County, Ohio, and was a substantial farmer throughout his active career. He was a man of considerable influence in local politics, though never a seeker for office. He married in Lake County, Olivia White, and they were the parents of eight children. While living on the farm Jeptha L. Fuller attended the public schools until seventeen, and then came to Cleveland, spending six months in the Spencerian Business College and three months in the Burkey & Dyke Business College. With that training he was given a position as bookkeeper with the National Fixture Company for five years, and then formed his first connection with the Bishop-Babcock-Becker Company. He sold goods for this company as city salesman three years, was then appointed assistant manager of their Cleveland branch, known as the Cleveland Faucet Company, and from that went still further to his present responsibilities as general sales manager. Mr. Fuller is a republican in politics. In Cleveland February 27, 1895, he married Cordella Pelton. They have one son, Maynard, who is attending the Cleveland schools. . DAVID V. ELLSWORTH. One of the progressive business men of Cleveland is found in David V. Ellsworth, who is founder, president and manager of the Ellsworth Facial College, from which institution have been graduated thousands of thoroughly trained students. Mr. Ellsworth has been something of a pioneer in this line and has been exceedingly successful. From the beginning of his business career Mr. Ellsworth has been interested in the line of his present work and conducted his first facial college in the City of Seattle, Washington, where he remained for four years and afterward operated a similar institution at San Francisco for two years. From there he came to Cleveland and founded the college which bears his name, and not only has conducted this school with entire success but has established branch colleges at other points. Vol III—8 In 1909 he opened a branch at Toledo, Ohio. In 1911 he opened another at Buffalo, New York, which he continues. His courses of instruction cover the entire field of facial treatment and healing and are based upon physiological truths and scientific discoveries. His students come from all over the United States and from Canada, and a certificate of graduation from one of his facial colleges carries with it proof of thorough study of face anatomy and dermatology; together with expertness in treatment nowhere else to be learned. Mr. Ellsworth is a man of versatility, for in addition to the professional knowledge along his educational line, he has also been a student of law at Cleveland. JOHN THOMAS MARTIN became water commissioner of the city of Cleveland by appointment from Mayor Davis on January 1, 1918. The Cleveland Plain Dealer in reporting this appointment gave some interesting items which are a matter of history both in the career of Mr. Martin and the waterworks department. The Plain Dealer said : "Mr. Martin has been connected with the waterworks department since 1899, when he was twenty-six years old. When he started to work for the city he received $1.78 a day. His salary as water commissioner is $5,000 a year. His !first job was that of an engineer's helper, and he was on the payroll as a laborer. Beginning at the Kirtland Street pumping station, which was then under construction, Martin worked in every branch of the waterworks department until in 1916 he was appointed deputy water commissioner. During the last year he has had complete charge of the completion of the West Side Tunnel. Mr. Martin treasures among his possessions copies of Cleveland papers of August 14, 1901, the day following the fire at East End Crib No. 2, in which several lives were lost. These papers contain his name as among the casualties. Mr. Martin explains this by saying that he was ordered to he at the mouth of the crib on the day it burned down. but was prevented by illness." Mr. Martin has been a Cleveland man all his life. He was born in this city September 27, 1873. a son of .John and Ellen (Foley) Martin. His father was horn in Ireland, and at the age of six years went with his parents across the ocean to Toronto, Canada. He married in Toronto Miss Foley, a native of that province. John Martin was horn in 1839. On October 14, 1911, they celebrated their 112 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS golden wedding anniversary in Cleveland. Soon after their marriage in 1862 they came to Cleveland, where John Martin, a shoemaker by trade, opened a shop on East Ninth Street, where the Press office now stands. He both made and handled shoes as a merchant and subsequently became superintendent in the Whitney Shoe Factory. In 1871 he resumed business for himself on the South Side, and was one of the leading merchants of that side of the city until he retired in 1909. His wife, who died April 7, 1914, was a thorough Christian woman and very active in church. The father is still living in Cleveland, nearly eighty years of age. They had the care of a numerous family of eleven children, two of whom died as young children and the daughter Stella passed away in 1913. She had for a number of years been a teacher in the public schools of Cleveland. Two sons and six daughters are still living, and all of them at Cleveland except H. J. Martin, who is in the tile business at Detroit with his two sons, under the name of H. J. Martin Tile Company. The six married daughters at Cleveland are: Mrs. R. L. Storey and Mrs. Hugh Storey, who married brothers; Mrs. Stovering, a widow ; Mrs. E. F. Hauserman, whose husband is president of the E. F. Hauserman Company ; Mrs. W. S. Houck, wife of a Cleveland insurance man; and Mrs. Joseph Earley, Mr. Earley being teller in the First National Bank of Cleveland. John T. Martin was the fifth in this numerous family. As a boy he attended St. Augustine's Parochial School and finished his education in the Euclid Avenue Business College. For a brief time he worked with the Erie Railway, and subsequently was in the mechanical department of the Big Four, putting in seven years with these two railroads. In 1897 he became a newspaper reporter and also did advertising work for the Catholic Universe. Later he was employed on the Toledo Commercial, the first morning paper published at Toledo. From that he took a financial interest in the Toledo Record, but this journal did not prove successful. After this varied experience he went to work in the city waterworks department as assistant to the civil engineer who had charge of the construction of the Kirtland Street Station. He remained in the engineers' division of the waterworks department until 1912, and was employed in practically all the departments or divisions of the city water system. In 1912 he became head of the accounting division and held that office until September, 1916, when he was appointed deputy water commissioner. Upon the resignation of George B. Dusenberry he was appointed water commissioner by Mayor Davis. Mr. Martin is a democrat in national politics, but in municipal affairs is strictly independent and has never manifested any partisan interest that would affect in the slightest his undeviating devotion to duty whether as an employe of the city or as a worker for private individuals or corporations. On June 27, 1901, in St. Patrick's Church, Mr. Martin and Miss Emeline McDonnell were married. Mrs. Martin was born and educated in Cleveland. a daughter of Edward and Rose (Goermiller) McDonnell. Her mother is still living in Cleveland, and her father died in 1904. Mr. and Mrs. Martin have two daughters, both horn in Cleveland, Gertrude and Angela. The family reside at 1452 West 98th Street. ARTHUR L. ENGLANDER. Whatever may have been the early environment of the successful American business man of today, it is certain that he learned to be industrious. Two young men may start out at the same time, seemingly equally endowed by nature and circumstances, but the time will come when one outstrips the other. Practical industry plays its large part and this, together with the vitalizing spirit of energy thus awakened, explains why some young men always go forward, with each step cementing valuable experience and increasing their value to their business associates until the time comes when they may be called, well equipped, to head corporations of their own. One can trace uninterrupted progress in the business career of Arthur L. Englander, who is president, treasurer, and manager of the A. L. Englander Motor Company, Cleveland, Ohio. Arthur L. Englander was born in the city of Cleveland, December 12, 1887. His parents were Lewis and Julia (Beck) Englander, who reared a family of seven children. Lewis Englander was born in Austria, in February, 1853, and came to America with his parents, who settled at Cleveland, Ohio. He soon became self-supporting as a newsboy, and in 1878 found employment in the establishment of the Joseph-Feiss Company as a stock boy, and remained with that concern until the time of his death, in February, 1915, working up from that humble position to that of manager. He was a man of sterling character and was CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 113 identified fraternally with the Odd Fellows and the Knights of Pythias. He is kindly remembered by his associates in these organizations and also by many residents of the city, particularly in business circles. Arthur L. Englander attended the public schools of his native city until he was sixteen years of age and this made up his sum of educational advantages with the subsequent opportunities of one year in the Spencerian Business College at Cleveland. He was then ready and anxious to enter upon a business career and at once showed good business judgment by connecting himself with one of the greatest industries of the country, the manufacture of automobiles. His early foresight pas been fully justified and he has continued with this industry ever since he entered the employ of the automobile manufacturing company of Brew & Hatcher, when seventeen years old. He remained in the cost department of this concern until 1905 and then went with the American Can Company, in the same department, for ten months. In the meanwhile Mr. Englander had demonstrated a decided talent for salesmanship and became exceedingly valuable to the Buick Motor Company in the sales department, and continued with that company until 1910. During the next year he was equally effective in this line with the Studebaker Company, and in 1911, when the A. R. Davis Motor Company was organized as distributor of Studebaker cars, he engaged first as a salesman and in 1912 became gales manager and vice president of that company, greatly forwarding its business interests while active in its affairs and continuing in the same relations until September 1, 1916, when he resigned officially but still retains his financial interest. It is remarkable, even in so wide-awake and progressive an age as the present, that any industry should have in so short a time grown to the stupendous proportions of the automobile manufacturing business. It is a marvelous development, the result of the concentrated efforts of engineers, of machinists and of chemists, all of these, however, being practically unremunerative without the enterprise and clearheadedness of men particularly qualified by nature, training and experience to handle the big commercial propositions of today. Among these men Mr. Englander occupies a recognized position in Ohio and Pennsylvania, and as president and main owner of the A. L. Englander Motor Company his name will ere long become a familiar one the entire country over. In 1916 Mr. Englander organized the above company, of which he is president, treasurer and manager, and from the first the company has prospered, his books showing that during his first eight months 325 cars were sold in his territory. He has the sole agency for the Hupmobile cars in eighteen counties adjacent to Cleveland and in three counties in Pennsylvania, and has established sub-agencies at Akron, Canton, Erie and Youngstown, Ohio. Notwithstanding his many business interests Mr. Englander finds time to assist public-spirited movements, and uses his influence for civic betterment in every laudable way, not, however, in favor of any political organization, for he has ever maintained an independent attitude in relation to public matters. He is identified with many organizations, both business and social, and because of his sound, practical ideas and business gifts and his geniality and good fellowship qualities his membership is valued in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Advertising Club, and also the Cleveland Yacht, Automobile and Oakwood Clubs. Mr. Englander is unmarried. HORACE D. LINGENFELTER. Among the men who are representing the City of Cleveland in offices of civic importance, one who has a splendid record for public service is Horace D. Lingenfelter, who is at this time connected with the city treasurer's office. Mr. Lingenfelter has for many years been identified with some of the city's notable business enterprises and his name is still one to conjure with in various sections of the business world. He has long been a leader in the republican party, and in various other ways is an important factor in the city's busy life. Mr. Lingenfelter was born January 13, 1858, at Carrollton, Kentucky, being a member of an old American family of Revolutionary stock which resided for many years at Carrollton, where his grandfather was born. His father, John R. Lingenfelter, was also horn there, and when the Civil war came on enlisted in the Union Army and served for a term of six months, then being drafted into the railway service. His three brothers also all served in the Northern Army, and all four men had splendid military records. Subsequently John R. Lingenfelter became a merchant of Louisville, succeeded in his ventures and was widely known, and died at that place at the age of eighty-five years, after a long 114 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and honorable business career. Mrs. Lingenfelter, who bore the maiden name of Esther F. Wellburn, was born in Accomac County, Virginia, and died at Louisville, Kentucky in 1916. She belonged to an old American family of English descent, and was a direct descendant of Chief Justice John Marshall. Horace D. Lingenfelter was educated in the graded and high schools of Louisville, and his first entry into business was with his father's grocery, with which he was connected for twelve years. He then transferred his residence to St. Louis, where he worked in the flour business for the Eagle Milling Company, of which Governor Stannard was president at that time. After two years at that place he came to Cleveland, in 1883, and engaged in the same line of business for the Cleveland Milling Company for twelve years, when he embarked in the flour and feed business on his own account. After one year he transferred his attention to the flour brokerage business and subsequently went into the flour business on his own account. In 1904 the opportunities in Cleveland real estate attracted him and he disposed of his flour interests in order to give all his time to trading in realty, this occupying his abilities and time until 1915, during which period he handled all kinds of real estate, although the greater part of his business was done in allotments. The largest deal which he made was for $50,000, to the Cleveland Board of Education, for the site of the Technical High School on the west side of the river. In October, 1915, Mr. Lingenfelter entered the state fire marshal's office, as assistant chief marshal, and served in that capacity until February, 1917, when he became bookkeeper in the city treasurer's office, a position which he has since occupied. Mr. Lingenfelter has been identified with the republican party since he cast his first vote, and for a long period has been accounted one of its leaders here. He has attended all state, county and city conventions as a delegate for ten years and was a member of the Republican State Committee in 1914-15, and a member of the County Executive Committee in 1905-6 during the reign of United States Senator Mark A. Hanna. Mr. Lingenfelter was a candidate for the Legislature, but political conditions were against his party that year and he went down to defeat with the rest of the ticket. Mr. Lingenfelter has various large business interests. He is vice president and a director of the Superior Building & Loan Company, of which he was one of the organizers in 1915, when the company started in a small way. It now has $1,500,000 stock subscribed and partially paid in, and has $95,000 out in loans. He is a director also of the Huron Cement Block Company, of Huron, Ohio. Mr. Lingenfelter holds membership in a number of civic, fraternal and social organizations, these including the Tippecanoe Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Industries and Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Mr. Lingenfelter was married at Cleveland, June 4, 1891, to Miss Emma E. Cordes, a native of Cleveland and daughter of Arnold and Margaret Cordes. Mr. Cordes, who was one of the early city firemen of Cleveland, has been in the insurance business for many years. Mr. and Mrs. Lingenfelter have one daughter, Esther C., who is the wife of Jesse F. Allen, engaged in the cigar business at Cleveland. The family home is at No. 2138 West Ninety-Third Street, West, and the members of the family belong to the Methodist Church. WILLIAM H. FAY. Popular discussion of transportation too frequently is concerned only with railroad and steamship lines, and neglects an element of the business none the less vital and important, the transportation that is carried on over the streets and highways in wagons and trucks, supplementing and linking together the longer carriage by rail or water, and involving an aggregate investment of capital and services of men and material which, if summed up for the entire nation, would total values and resources only a little less than those represented by the railroads themselves. It has been with this vital and indispensable branch of public transportation service in Cleveland that William H. Fay has been chiefly identified through a long period of years. Mr. Fay has known Cleveland for half a century or more. He was born in the old Village of Brooklyn, now part of the larger city, on June 28, 1856. About eighty-five years ago his grandfather, Benjamin Fay. came from Massachusetts, and spent a number of years developing a tract of virgin soil into a farm at Brooklyn. Henry Fay, father of William H. Fay, was horn at Brooklyn Village March 26, 1834. He got his education there, and for many years carried on agricultural pursuits and also employed himself in teaming. He retired from business in 1897 and died in 1913. At Cleveland March 26, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 115 1854, his twentieth birthday he married Hannah Sloan. They were the parents of six children: William H.; Mrs. Jennie Hoverstock of Brunswick, Ohio; Eli, a real estate man of Cleveland ; Orian, deceased; Allen, of Cleveland; and Mrs. Minnie Myer of Middleburg, Ohio. Most of the early recollections of William H. Fay are associated with the old farm around the southern limits of Cleveland. He attended the grammar school and the Brooklyn High School and at the age of nineteen went to work on his father's farm. At twenty-three he apprenticed himself to learn the carpenter trade under a contractor, Mr. Fradenburg. He worked for him two years, spent another year making boxes in a box factory, and then established a milk distributing plant at Cleveland. Two years later he moved to Akron, and conducted a milk business there five years. On returning to Cleveland, Mr. Fay with his brother, Eli, formed the partnership of Fay Brothers, general teaming. Two years later bought out his brother and thereafter conducted the business under his own name until 1913, when it was incorporated as The W. H. Fay Company, of which he has since been president and treasurer. This is one of the large and well equipped concerns of its kind in Cleveland. Their facilities enable them to handle all ordinary classes of hauling and transportation within the city limits, but for several years they have specialized in moving heavy machinery. Included in their equipment are two automobile trucks, a number of horse trucks, about twenty horses and various machinery and mechanical appliances for lifting and moving heavy machinery from place to place. Mr. Fay is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Industry. For many years he has been active in the lodges of Ben Hur and Knights and Ladies of Honor. He votes as a republican. On Christmas Day, December 25, 1880, at Cleveland he married Amelia Ortli, a native of Cleveland, daughter of the late Joseph Ortli, who reached the advanced age of ninety-four years. Mrs. Fay died January 27, 1909, when they had been married over twenty-eight years. Of the children the oldest is Carl, a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science, and now employed as an electrical engineer with the Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company at Pittsburgh. Raymond is a graduate of the Cleveland High School and is now general manager of the William H. Fay Company. Harvey is also a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science and is an electrical engineer in the National Lamp Company at Cleveland. Harry is a graduate of the high school and of Oberlin College, and is one of the leading teachers of music at Cleveland, and recently established a studio on Detroit Street, Lakewood. Olive May is at home. DANIEL D. KIMMEL. Cleveland business men esteem Daniel D Kimmel not only for his important and active connections with business interests but also for his well rounded character and his broad experience as a man of the world. Mr. Kimmel began his life on an Ohio farm, has achieved success and position in the sixth city of the United States, and has used his means and time for extensive travel. Besides his home country he has visited moat of the foreign lands, and is perhaps as well informed as any other Cleveland man on some of the more remote sections of Egypt, Palestine and Asia Minor. Mr. Kimmel was born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, in November, 1868, a son of John and Margaret (Steese) Kimmel, both now deceased. His people were substantial farmers in Eastern Ohio, and it was on a farm that Daniel D. Kimmel had his early experience and environment. He received a public school education and lived at home and worked in the fields until he was twenty-two. A Canton wholesale house then sent him on the road selling goods for three years, following which he increased his experience and training by work in a general store at Cumberland, Ohio, a year. After that he again sold goods as traveling representative for a Canton house. Mr. Kimmel came to Cleveland and in 1898 began the manufacture of men's neckwear. This has been his chief though not his only business enterprise in this city. He is president of the Cleveland Neckwear Company, which manufactures all grades and styles of neckwear under the now widely known brand "Pure Silk." The output has almost a world wide circulation. The vice president of the company is Earl Heckler, while W. S. Campbell is secretary. Mr. Kimmel is vice president and general manager of the Union Mortgage Company, one of the big concerns of that class in Cleveland. He is vice president of the Industrial Discount Company, vice president of the American Commercial Company, vice president of the Winnipeg Steamship Company, and a director of the Doan Savings and Loan 116 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Company, the Realty Underwriting Company, the Webb Investment Company, the Permanent Investment Company, and the 0. R. Rust Company. Fraternally he is affiliated with Brenton D. Babcock Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and is chairman of the finance committee of the Euclid Avenue Christian Church. Politically he is independent and is not active in party affairs. On December 20, 1894, Mr. Kimmel married Miss Minnie E. Reed, a native of Chicago and daughter of the late James C. Reed. Two children were born to their marriage, and both are now deceased. JOHN E. HARRIS. In making a study of the forces which have combined for the advancement of our men of business, professional and public prominence, the student invariably finds that those upon whom we depend for leadership, advice and counsel are those who have largely won their way to the forefront through the force of their own industry and close application, forging their way gradually upward in the face of all competition and over all obstacles. The traits of character upon which they may depend for the greatest rewards include industry, integrity, initiative, self-reliance and perseverance, and to these we may in large part attribute the success of John E. Harris, secretary and general manager of the Hascall Paint Company of Cleveland. Mr. Harris has been the architect of his own fortunes and occupies an enviable position in business circles of Cleveland, not alone on account of the success that he has achieved, but also because of the honorable, straightforward business policy that he has ever followed. The Harris family in America can be traced back to 1635, in which year several of its early members settled at Ipswich, Massachusetts. His grandfather was Robert Harris, a native of Voluntown, Connecticut, who moved to Switzerland County, Indiana, in 1818, and there was born John K. Harris, father of John E. John K. Harris was given good educational advantages in his youth, completing his education at Hanover College, Madison, Indiana. His first employment was as clerk in a bank at Madison, but, possessed of marvelous mechanical ingenuity, he became, naturally, an inventor. After perfecting several small devices which attracted no great amount of attention, he finished his first big success, this being the first practicable hay press, known as the "Mormon Beater Hay Press," a device which brought him fame and established him in a position among the men of inventive genius. Later he perfected a button-bole-making attachment for sewing machines, an intricate device which also met with a large sale. In 1867 he moved to Springfield, Ohio, and there his death occurred in 1889. John E. Harris was born in Switzerland County, Indiana, November 4, 1860, a son of John K. and Jane (Patton) Harris. He was a lad when taken by his parents to Springfield and there- attended the grammar and high schools until reaching the age of sixteen years. He then entered Wooster College, which institution he attended three years, when he returned to Springfield and entered the employ of the Crowell Publishing Company as a clerk. This firm at that time was publishing a journal which had a large circulation in the country districts, known as Farm and Fireside, although the present principal publication of the company is the Woman's Home Companion. With this experience, after three years he went to Detroit and became telegraph editor of the Detroit Tribune, a position which he retained for two years and then joined the National Refining Company of Cleveland and established a branch for that company at Kansas City, Missouri. He remained as manager of this branch for two years and then began traveling for various paint and oil companies as a salesman. In 1904 Mr. Harris located permanently at Cleveland and organized, in January of that year, the Hascall Paint Company. In 1905 the company was incorporated, with G. C. Hascall, president; R. B. Robinette, treasurer, and Mr. Harris, secretary and general manager. This is a direct mail order business, handling a general line of paints, varnishes and roofing materials, the greatest product output being the black elastic roof and iron paint, of which they sell 600,000 gallons annually. The first year that the firm was in existence it did a business amounting to $50,000, and the fact that in 1917 it did a business of $500,000; shows what can he done through the medium of the United States mail, without personal solicitation. The Hascall Paint Company is considered one of Uncle Sam's largest stamp customers at Cleveland. paying in more than $50,000 annually to the postoffice. The immense correspondence is practically all handled by Mr. Harris, who also writes all the advertising matter. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 117 A large corps of clerks, bookkeepers and stenographers is employed. Mr. Harris is a York and Scottish Rite Mason and a member of the Mystic Shrine, and belongs to the Phi Kappa Psi fraternity, the Wooster Country Club of Wooster, Ohio, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is independent in politics and belongs to Calvary Presbyterian Church. Mr. Harris was married at Wooster, Ohio, October 8, 1914, to Dr. Kate Johnson. By a former marriage Mr. Harris has two children : John E., Jr., who was representative for the Hascall Paint Company at New York City until he recently enlisted in the Hospital Unit No. 3, of Mount Sinai Hospital ; and George T.. who is identified with the Miller Rubber Company of Akron, Ohio. WILLIAM HENRY CANNIFF. Cleveland has been the home of many able railway men. Probably none has been better known among them than William Henry Canniff, who until recently was president of the New York, Chicago and St. Louis Railway, better known as the Nickel Plate. Mr. Canniff entered railway work when a beardless boy and grew gray in a service which has absorbed all the best energies and abilities of his life and has earned him all the honors and titles bestowed upon "those who serve." American railway men as a whole have exhibited marked individuality of character and self attainment, and most of them have been graduates of the rough school of practical experience. There were no technical colleges and apprentiee schools in existence when William Henry Canniff learned his first duties, and with only the basis of a meager common school education he has adapted himself day after ,day to new conditions and new responsibilities. Mr. Canniff was born October 22, 1847, at Litchfield, Michigan, son of Lewis B. and Matilda L. Canniff. In 1863, when he was only sixteen years old, he was given the opportunity of working for a railroad, and that opportunity he converted into a life tenure of service. This service needs no interpretation or comment beyond a matter of fact statement of the consecutive positions he has held. In 1863 he was made night watchman of the Michigan Southern & Northern Indiana Railroad at Osseo. From February, 1865, to August, 1868, he was agent of that road at Trenton, Michigan, and from August, 1868, to August, 1872, was joint agent for the Michi gan Southern & Northern Indiana and the Louisville, New Albany & Chicago Railway at Salem Crossing, now known as Otis, Indiana. From August, 1872, to December 1879, he was trackmaster of the Kendallville Division of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, and from December, 1879, to November, 1880, was trackmaster of the Chicago Division. In November, 1880, he was promoted to superintendent of the Lansing division, in 1881 to the Detroit, Hillsdale & Southwestern, and in 1882 to the Fort Wayne and Jackson roads, these lines being leased by the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern, thus continuing until November, 1889. From November 1, 1889, to January 1, 1892, he was assistant general superintendent of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway, January 1, 1892, was made general superintendent, and in March, 1896, was promoted to general manager of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. On May 18, 1898, Mr. Canniff rose to one of the major dignities in American business and industrial affairs, ranking as president of one of. the important railway systems of the country. He remained the active executive head of the Nickel Plate Railway from that' date for eighteen years, retiring in July, 1916. While he has rounded out the age of three score and ten, Mr. Canniff still has some responsibilities as a railway man and is president of the Chicago and State Line Railroad. Mr. Canniff has been identified with various transportation organizations, including the American Railway Association, a charter member of the American Railway Guild, was formerly active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce of the United States, member of the Traffic Club of Chicago, the Chicago Club, the Clifton, Rowfant and Roadside clubs of Cleveland, but now retains his membership in only two organizations. the Union Club and the Country Club of Cleveland. In 1917 he was elected president of the Old Line Telegraphers and Historical Association, to succeed Andrew Carnegie. Mr. Canniff started life as a telegrapher and worked in the circuit with Mr. Thomas Edison. Mr. Canniff's home in Cleveland is at 11235 Bellflower Avenue. His son, Charles S. Canniff. resides in New York and is secretary to A. H. Smith, president of the New York Central lines. JOSEPH PURSGLOVE. The name Pursglove has many important associations with the coal mining industry as centered at Cleveland. 118 - CLEVELAND AN D ITS ENVIRONS Mr. Joseph Pursglove spent several years of his boyhood working underground in coal mines, and it is both literally and figuratively true that he has gone to the very top in the business. He was born July 12, 1877, in Ripley, England, of which country his parents, Samuel and Lydia (Thornley) Puraglove, were both natives. His father was a veteran coal miner, and on coming to America located at Brownsville, Pennsylvania, where he became interested in mining operations on a large scale. The parents are now deceased. Joseph Pursglove had a limited attendance in the public schools of this country, and then as a boy went to work as trapper boy for the A. J. & J. E. Leonard Company, who operated the Beaumont mines. From trapper boy he was advanced to the position of mule driver, to track building, mine foreman, and was only nineteen years of age when he was brought up from the lower regions of coal shafts to take a position of responsibility above ground as assistant superintendent for the Leonard Company. Altogether he spent five years with the Leonards and left them to become superintendent for his father, who at that time owned and operated the Beaumont mines at Brownsville, Pennsylvania. The company was known as the PursgloveGordon Coal Company. Joseph Pursglove was with this company six years, at the end of which time he and his brothers, Samuel, Thomas and David, became independent operators under the name Pursglove Brothers Coal Company. For two years they were producers at Clarksburg, West Virginia, and then directed the operations of the Lydia mine at Wolf Summit, West Virginia. Selling out in 1901, Joseph Pursglove came to Ohio, where he became associated with his father under the name Samuel Pursglove & Son, operating the Lydia mine at Maynard. A year later this was sold to the Pursglove Coal Mining Company, in which Joseph Pursglove was one of the executives from 1902 to 1913. In 1910 he had organized the Big Five Coal Company at Stewartsville, Ohio. In October, 1913, a consolidation was effected of Mr. Pursglove's interests and of the interests of T. K. Maher, the holdings being reconstituted under the name Pursglove, Maher Coal Company, of which Mr. Pursglove is president and Mr. Maher secretary and treasurer. Some of the extensive operations of this firm are noted in the article on Mr. Maher on other pages of this publication. Mr. Pursglove is president of the Cleveland and Morganstown Coal Company, secretary and treasurer of the Maher-Pursglove Coal Company, secretary and treasurer of the Pittsburg & Ashland Coal and Dock Company, and from his offices in the Rockefeller Building at Cleveland he probably directs as large and important interests in the coal industry as any other individual citizen of Cleveland. Mr. Pursglove is well known in Cleveland social life, is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Westwood Golf Club and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. His other Masonic affiliations are with Belmont Lodge, No. 16, Free and Accepted Masons, at St. Clairsville, Ohio; and Royal Arch Chapter, No. 17,, Council No. 54, Royal and Select Masters; and, Hope Commandery, No. 26, Knights Templar, all at Bellaire. Mr. Pursglove votes independently. October 10, 1901, at Clarksburg, West Virginia, he married Miss Viva G. Criswell, a native of West Virginia and a daughter of R. L. Criswell. They have five children, Viva Ruth, Mary Thornley, Joseph Criswell, Samuel Richard and Constance Lenore. LUCIUS M. SIGLER is president of the Sigler Brothers Company, wholesale and retail manufacturing jewelers and diamond importers on the second floor of the Garfield Building, at 613 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Sigler has been a business man of Cleveland over forty years and experience and highly specialized ability have enabled him to build up one of the most widely known wholesale jewelry houses in the Middle West. Thv name of the house has the highest standing among the leading firms of its kind throughout the world, and the company has foreign connections both in London and Amsterdam, Holland. Lucius M. Sigler is an Ohio man by birth and has lived in this state practically all his life. He was born in Trumbull County, Ohio, son of Gilbert and Lorinda (Tyrell) Sigler. He was well educated, finishing his studies in Oberlin College. Since February, 1874, he has been a resident of Cleveland and engaged in the jewelry business. He began in a very modest way, forming a partnership with Charles E. Sumner in the wholesale jewelry trade in May, 1875. Later he bought out Mr. Sumner's interests and continued the business CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 119 under the name L. M. Sigler until January, 1878. At that date his brother U. R. Sigler joined him, and the partnership was then known as Sigler Brothers. In 1895 the business was incorporated under the laws of Ohio as the Sigler Brothers Company, and soon afterwards Mr. Lucius M. Sigler bought out his brothers' interests. He has been president of the company since its incorporation, but now shares many of the responsibilities of management with his son. Mr. Lucius M. Sigler is affiliated with Cleveland Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Holyrood Commanders, Knights Templar, with the various branches of the Scottish Rite and the Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Colonial Club. Mr. Sigler married in Trumbull County, Ohio, Miss Alice L. Sillman. They have one son. Gilbert L., mentioned in the following sketch. GILBERT L. SIGLER, treasurer of the Sigler Brothers Company, wholesale and manufacturing jewelers. is well known among the business men of Cleveland for his position in that fine and also by reason of his active associations and influence in civic and social affairs. He was born at Fowler, Ohio, February 28, 1874, only son of Lucius M. and Alice L. (Sillman) Sigler. He was six years old when the family came to Cleveland, and was educated here in the public schools. He graduated from the Central High School with the class of 1893, and then attended Case School of Applied Science. The Sigler Brothers Company was incorporated in 1895, and in 1896, soon after his father bought out the interests of his two brothers in the firm, Gilbert L. entered the house and from time to time, with increasing experience and broad knowledge of the business, has assumed an increasing share in its management. Besides his position as treasurer of the company he is interested in various other enterprises. Mr. Sigler is a member of the Beta Theta Pi college fraternity, the Cleveland Athletic Club. Cleveland Automobile Club, and the Country Club. He resides on Chardon Road at Euclid. Ohio. October 6, 1897, at Cleveland, Mr. Sigler married Miss Louisa Martin. Mrs. Sigler was born at Painesville, Ohio, but was educated in Cleveland. To their marriage were born four children: Gilbert L., Jr., Lucius Martin, John Martin and Gilbert Martin Sigler. JOSEPH HAYS. While the career of Joseph Hays belongs to the past of Cleveland rather than to the present, his memory is still kept green in the hearts of the many who knew, respected and admired him, and the example of his life still remains to hearten and encourage those who are compelled to start out to make their own way in the world without financial support or influential aid. A resident of Cleveland for more than sixty years, be rose alike to substantial business success and to an honored place among his fellow citizens, and in his death the city suffered a distinct loss. Much of the matter used in the following biographical sketch has been taken from an autobiography written by Mr. Hays when he was seventy-eight years of age. Joseph Hays was born July 4, 1838, at midnight, at the little town of Storndorf, Oberhessen, near Alsfeld, Giessen and Frankfort, Germany, a son of Abraham and Bertha (Heater) Hays, the former born sin 1794, in Germany, and died at Cleveland in 1877, and the latter born in 1798 and passed her whole life in Germany, where she died in 1844, being buried at Storndorf. There were the following children in the family: Betty, born in 1828; Rosa, born in 1830; Fanny, born. in 1832; Kaufman, born in 1835; Yetta, born in 1842; and Joseph. After the death of the mother the oldest daughter, Betty, then a girl of sixteen, kept the little family together, and when Rosa and Fanny became twelve years of age they added their share to the family income, working out among the neighbors, in payment for which they received their board and lodging. From the time they were able to do anything, Mr. Hays and his brother worked at whatever honorable employment presented itself, and when Joseph was fourteen years of age he was put out at regular farm work for two cousins, and remained with them until he came to the United States, at the age of eighteen years. From the start of his career Mr. Hays was careful in keeping his records straight, balancing his cash daily, and sometimes more than once a day, especially at a time when cash was hard to get. He early also displayed the possession of qualities of honor and integrity which remained with him throughout life and to which he attributed much of the credit for his success, thus gaining and holding the entire con- 120 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS fidence of those with whom he came into contact. As an illustration of his honesty even while in youth Mr. Hays was fond of telling the following: "One day when I was about seventeen years old, I sold a farmer a calf, and after he had gone I found that I had given him the wrong change. The farmer had been away some hours, but I knew where he lived and started on foot for his home. I traveled ten miles that same night in order to pay him the few cents which I unknowingly had short-changed him." While employed at Alsfeld in 1850, Mr. Hays' sister Rosa met a Mr. Wallach from New York, who frequently went to Europe to buy merchandise. He encouraged Miss Hays to go to America and the entire family contributed their mite for the journey, a friend at Alsfels also advancing twenty florins ($8). After working for a time at New York, where she made her home with a former servant of her parents, a cousin of this woman persuaded Rosa to move to Ohio, to a small village near Akron, Bloomfield, to which place an old man came one day from Cleveland and suggested that she remove to the larger city. This she did, securing employment at Lowentritt's, and by the end of two years she had saved enough money to send for her brother Kaufman. Next she went to work for Aaron Halle, who kept a grocery store at the corner of Wood Street and Saint Clair Avenue, now East Fourth and Saint Clair, and Kaufman boarded with the Halle family. By the end of two years, brother and sister had saved enough money for Fanny and Yetta, and Rosa in the meantime married a Mr. Loeb and started a grocery store at the corner of Cross (now East Ninth) and Woodland streets. Two years after Fanny and Yetta arrived the brother and sisters sent money for their father and brother Joseph, and still two years later the family was completed in America when Betty, who had married a Rabbi, Moses Oppenheimer, and had four children, arrived in Cleveland in 1858. Joseph Hays and his father landed at New York City August 8, 1856, a three-masted sailing vessel, the Yeaberland, having brought them to the United States, the trip consuming forty-nine days from Bremen to New York. The boat was so large that it could not get up to the docks at Bremen, and so it was necessary for the passengers to lighter out. Of this experience Mr. Hays says in his autobiography: "I had never seen a boat before, and when I saw people go into a little rowboat to reach the larger vessel, I did not think I could muster up courage enough to risk my precious self in so small a boat on such a large body of water. However, after standing there and watching boatload after boatload make the trip in safety, I finally concluded that my life was no more valuable to me than their lives were to them, and decided to make the try, so father and I got aboard the Yeaberland. I enjoyed the experience so much that the following day I went with the sailors in one of these same small boats gathering supplies at the various wharves for our trip across. I was so seasick that had anyone told me how long this trip would be, would surely have jumped overboard, as all the others of the family had made the trip in about thirty days, except Yetta, whom it took about sixty days to come over. It did not take long, however, for the seasickness to wear off, and we got used to the life on board the vessel." At New York Mr. Hays and his father were met by Kaufman Hays and taken to Cleveland, leaving New York on a boat down the Hudson to Albany. This was the first steam vessel Mr. Hays had ever seen. From Albany they went by Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway to Cleveland, and arrived in this city August 16th. From the start of his residence here Mr. Hays became impressed with the desire to become a property-holder, as were many of those who had come to this country from the land of his birth. Naturally, he was anxious to get started, and in spite of the wishes of his elder brother decided to start peddling. On the following day he went to the City Mills Store, where Kaufman was employed, and the latter guaranteed his account, so that when he started out with his large pasteboard box, covered with oilcloth and straps, he had in it a stock of needles, pins, buttons, tape and other notions, as well as some embroidered collars, shirt bosoms and handkerchiefs, worth about $23.45. He knew no English, and in order to help him out had written down a number of questions on a piece of paper, such as : "Do you wish to buy anything? I will sell you cheap." "Is this money good t" "Can I have some dinner?" "Can I stay over night?" "How much is my bill?" Naturally, it was difficult for him to get a start, but his ambition, determination and industry were boundless, and through his integrity and honesty he succeeded in making customers wherever he went and friends in many localities. Mr. Hays continued to be engaged in peddling until the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 121 winter, when he secured a position as clerk in a store, this paying him $4 per month and his board. While he had to work long hours, from 5 in the morning until 10 at night, he was given the opportunity of learning English, and later took a few nights a week in Spencerian College, studying English and penmanship, in the latter branch taking second honors in his class. When he again started on the road it was his determination to take trains from village to village and to only visit those communities where the houses were close together, and this plan he followed with success. He early showed his business acumen, for at about this time his brother-in-law's business was threatened with destruction by a competitor, whose designs were frustrated by the ingenuity and business sense of this young man so lately arrived from a foreign land. When his brother-in-law's business was again running well, Mr. Hays accepted a position with S. Mann, who gave him the preference over an experienced clerk, and it was while employed there that he got a further insight into business methods and decided that when he was ready to start an establishment of his own he would do so with capital that belonged to him and not to someone else. He remained with Mr. Mann for about a year and through this connection secured some valuable experience. Up to this time Mr. Hays had been able, through thrift and economy, to save the sum of $250, and this he loaned out at a high rate of interest on a mortgage to a farmer of Independence, Ohio, subsequently borrowing $200 from his brother to lend to this man also. In order to pay back this loan he again took up peddling, which he followed with increased vigor and energy, and continued thereat for two years. Gradually he developed into a wholesale dealer, first of rubber combs and like articles, and later of watch materials and other goods. At about this time the Civil war broke out, but Mr. Hays, not yet being an American citizen, could not be drafted. However, wishing to show his patriotism for the land of his adoption, he paid $600 for a substitute. He had by now given up peddling, dealing only with retail stores as a wholesaler, and as he made financial headway rapidly was before long in a position to realize his ambition of entering business on his own account. Thus in 1862 was started by Joseph and Kaufman Hays the business of Hays Brothers, which continued in existence for twenty-two years and had an honorable and successful life. The first establishment was a rented store on Water Street, now West Ninth Street, a wedge-shaped building 12 feet wide in front and 17 in the back and 65 feet deep. The opening stock consisted of general notions, furnishing goods and watch material, and later branched out into the toy trade and the business prospered greatly under the energetic methods and good judgment of Joseph Hays, who did the greater part of the active work, his brother being afflicted with rheumatism, which incapacitated him at times. The brothers remained in the first small store for five years and then moved north on the same aide of the street to No. 143, paying an option on the new building, which was 21 feet front by 165 feet deep, and moving into the new quarters January 1, 1865. The five-story building was filled from roof to cellar and it was not long before the firm was compelled to rent lofts adjoining Alcott, Horton & Company for woodenware. The first floor was devoted to notions, the second, furnishing goods, the third, toys, etc., and the fourth and fifth were used for storage. Later Mr. Hays and his brother, realizing the trend of the times, decided to enter the gents' furnishing business exclusively, and in January, 1873, moved to a building at 82 and 84 Water (now West Ninth) Street. There they remained until the business was wound up in 1884. With the entrance of Joseph Elsinger into the business about 1870 the firm name became Hays Brothers & Company, and this style continued until Mr. Elsinger resigned from the firm. Mr. Hays was married January 16, 1866, to Rosette Schwarzenberg, daughter of Louis Henry and Phoebe Schwarzenberg. In January of the previous year, at the time of his engagement, Mr. Hays bought the first house he ever owned, next to the corner of Huron Street and Central Place, and now Huron Road and Sheriff Street. In this house, which stood where the Sheriff Street Market and Storage Company now has its business, all of Mr. and Mrs. Hays' children were born. Bertha, now Mrs. Charles Eisenman, was born August 17, 1867, and was the only daughter. Four sons followed her: Hiram was born September 25, 1869 ; Eugene, January 3, 1872 ; Louis, January 24, 1874 ; and Clarence, February 4, 1876. When he left the furnishing goods business Mr. Hays entered the scrap iron business, associating himself with his brothers-in-law under the firm style of Schwarzenberg, Hays & Corn- 122 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS pany, this lasting but three years when Mr. Hays went into business for himself under the firm name of Joseph Hays & Company, which continued without interruption until his retirement from business July 1, 1916. He also had various other interests, largely connected with real estate. His business methods included his own fixed ideas in regard to economy. Several years after its organization Mr. Hays joined the Excelsior Club and continued to be one of its active members. In his autobiography he states: "In 1857, the fall after I came here, we started the Hebrew Relief Association. Every member was to pay $4 per year. We started with 120 members and at the annual meeting the year following we found we only had twenty members left. I realized that we not only needed more members, but more money also. I began to solicit funds and called on people to pay into the fund. It gave me considerable trouble, however, to get them to give. When we had 120 members and were getting from each $4 a year, we gave an annual ball to help the fund along. I was much opposed to this ball, as I did not believe that we should dance at the expense of the poor. I suggested that everyone give as much as they felt able, and that we discontinue having a ball. This brought in considerable more money. I continued to collect for the Association for many years, and only gave it up when my eldest son Hiram took my place. I was such a persistent collector that after a while when they saw me coming they would not argue, but reached for their pocket-books." The following, written by a member of Mr. Hays' family after his demise, gives some further information regarding the life of this long-time resident, active and helpful citizen and honorable and honored man of business of Cleveland: "Joseph Hays died suddenly, as was his wish, Thursday afternoon, December 14, 1916,.at about 5 P. M. He never fully recovered from the loss of his dear wife and life companion. He often expressed himself as being ready when the call should come, and he was. During the last summer of his life he spent much time in dictating his biography, and he worked up almost to the last minute on his personal books. He intended to spend the winter at Miami, Florida, as he had done the previous year, and had made reservation for his companion, Miss Diederick, and himself for January 6, 1917. At his death we found that he had completed his inventory for January 1, 1917. He had worked at his desk so that he would have everything up to the handle before he left for the South. Fortunately for him, his death was sudden and painless, as he was dead before he fell, just opposite his home which he loved so well. He had made a compact with his late wife that whichever one survived the other, the house was to be kept up to the end. At the time of this agreement little did they suspect that it would be the dear wife who would go first. She died almost as suddenly as he. May 1, 1914, Rosette Hays had a stroke of paralysis, and lived only forty-eight hours thereafter. She, too, felt that her life was complete, and was satisfied to go, dying May 3, 1914. "If one can conceive of taking pleasure in the making of a will, it was so in the case of Joseph Hays. For several months prior to his death he kept adding clauses and increasing the amounts of his gifts, until finally he had given away considerably in excess of the tithe mentioned in the Bible. Both parents had spoken about what should be done in the future when the time for dividing the estate came. Both agreed, and with them all the children, that the one who needed the most should receive the greater share of the estate. To show that there was little that Joseph Hays did not think about, in his desk after his death we found a clipping which he had signed and which read as follows: 'When I die I hope my children will wear as little black for mourning as possible.. White and mauve I like, but not black, and I hope they will not shut themselves up, but go out among their friends and to places of amusement. I am not afraid of them forgetting me, but I want them to be happy.' (Signed) Joseph Hays." EUGENE K. HAYS. Among the alert and enterprising men who during the last several decades have utilized the opportunities offered at Cleveland for business preferment and attained thereby notable success is Eugene K. Hays, vice president, secretary and a director of the Kaynee Company, whose career is typical of modern progress and advancement, and who as a man of affairs ranks among some of the most prominent. He has been identified with commercial affairs at Cleveland throughout his life, and has been the architect of his own fortunes, making his own opportunities and relying on no one else for his advancement. Mr. Hays belongs to a family which has produced some of the city's most capable men of business and is keeping bright the reputation which was established by his father, the late Joseph Hays, a resident CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 123 of Cleveland for sixty years, a sketch of whose career will be found on another page of this work. Eugene K. Hays was born at Cleveland, January 3, 1872, a son of Joseph and Rosetta Hays. Until he was seventeen years of age he attended the graded and high schools, but at that time began his business career, thus early displaying his industry and desire to be always doing something, characteristics which have distinguished his actions since his entrance into business life. His first employment was with the Famous Shoe Company, with which concern he remained two years in the capacity of clerk, and next, for one year, he held a like position with the R. H. Fetterman Shoe Store. His next vocation was of a similar nature, as a clerk for six months with M. W. Heller, but this was in the neckwear instead of the shoe line. By this time Mr. Hays had developed abilities of an excellent order, and secured a position as salesman with the firm of Kastriner & Eisenman, manufacturers of blouses and one of Cleveland's well known concerns at that time. Remaining with this company as long as it was in existence, in 1914 he was one of the incorporators of the new house which grew out of it, the Kaynee Company, of which he was made a director and secretary and vice president. positions which he occupies at this time. Widely known as a substantial business man, Mr. Hays' judgment is sound and his sagacity of the keenest. While he never sacrifices a safe conservatism to personal ambitions, yet he has ever sought honorable advancement. Few men can speak with more authority upon the blouse trade, and he has proven his ability to handle the grave problems that always arise in the conduct of the business of large coneerns. He is generally conceded to be a man of force and character. His social connections are with the Excelsior Club, the Oakwood Country Club, the City Club and the Chamber of Commerce. He is a trustee of the Federation of Jewish charities. He is a republican. and while not a politician has always been interested in civic affairs and has never hesitated to advocate the measures and principles which he has believed were best for his city. He was married December 4, 1907, to Mika Edna Feiss. and they have two children : Carrie. seven years old. attending a private school: and Virginia, aged five years. LOUIS H. HAYS. Among the interesting names belonging to Cleveland is that of Hays, which for more than sixty years has been connected with the commercial and manufacturing interests of the city. From its early days the pushing energy of its people has been manifested and for years no city in the world has more continuously sought business talent. From the first days of its expansion it has extended a welcome to men of progress, initiative and business acumen, and in answer to this call came the late Joseph Hays in 1856. He not only became one of the sound and substantial business men of Cleveland and a citizen who faithfully discharged his duties, but the head of a family the members of which have been leading factors in various fields of endeavor. Among his sons, one who has risen to a high position in the business world, is Louis H. Hays, president of the Kaynee Company and interested in various other organizations. Louis H. Hayes was born at Cleveland, Ohio, January 24, 1874, a son of Joseph and Rosetta Hays, a sketch of whose lives will be found on another page of this work. He received his education in the public schools and University School, and in 1893 was sent to Cascadilla School, Ithaca, New York, where he remained for one year. Next for two years he was a student at Cornell University, following which he returned to Cleveland and entered the manufacturing department of Charles Eisenman & Company, a concern with which he was connected for two years. Mr. Hays then entered into partnership with Louis Rorheimer as Rorheimer & Hays, interior decorating, and this enterprise was in existence for seven years, or until Mr. Hays retired to become the founder of the Federal Knitting Company, with H. G. Goldberger as partner. Mr. Hays still retains his interest in this business. In 1905 Mr. Hays became identified with the Charles Eisenman Company, in charge of the home end of the business, and upon its incorporation in 1914 was elected to the presidency and still retains that office. He is also a director in the Federal Knitting Mills Company and the Ullman-Philpot Company, and is president and a director of the Aetna Realty Company. A review of the business of the Kaynee Company, as the concern of which he is president is now known, will be found elsewhere in this work. Mr. Hays is a member of the Independent Order of B'nai B'rith, the Excelsior, Oakwood, City and Add clubs, the Chamber of Commerce. the Civic League, the Cleveland Museum of Art and the Cleveland Art School, and is vice 124 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS president and trustee of Mount Sinai Hospital. In politics he maintains an independent stand. By no means do the references above named include all of the intimate connections which Mr. Hays has had with important gatherings and organizations in the industrial world, but they sufficiently indicate his great usefulness and his high standing as a type of modern manhood. Mr. Hays was married June 25, 1902, to Miss Jessie Feiss, and they are the parents of two children: Robert J., born June 28, 1903, attending the University School ; and Marie, born January 13, 1907, attending the Laurel School. THE KAYNEE COMPANY. In every community and in each branch of industrial activity there are certain men who stand out from their associates because of their purposeful personalities and their determined methods of action. Such men are bound to dominate any situation and to control whatever opportunities lie in the path of their onward progress. Through them and their efforts spring up the vast enterprises that have so direct an influence upon the prosperity. Because of the establishment and maintenance of these mighty institutions, producers are able to obtain a fair price for their products, consumers are given the advantage accruing from concerted action, and, something equally important, employes are given a fair wage and surrounded by conditions which make for happy, helpful work. These conditions could never have become possible had it not been for the working of masterful minds and the application of modern business methods. A splendid example of the modern business enterprise is found in the plant of the Kaynee Company, of Cleveland, manufacturers of boys' blouses and one of the best known establishments of its kind in the country. The company which bears the present name was started in 1888 by J. Kastriner and Charles Eiseman, and was operated under the firm style of Kastriner & Eisenman, manufacturing K. & E. blouses. In 1890 E. Reiter was admitted to the firm and "& Company" was added to the firm name. In 1895 the interest of Mr. Kastriner was bought by Messrs. Eisenman and Reiter and the firm name changed to Charles Eisenman & Company, and in that same year E. K. Hays was admitted as a member of the firm. Three years later G. P. Waitzfelder was admitted, and in 1905 the interests of Messrs. Eisenman and Reiter were pur chased by E. K. Hays, G. P. Waitzfelder, and L. H. Hays, and the firm name was changed to Charles Eisenman Company, the K. & E. Blouse Makers. In 1914 incorporation was effected as the Kaynee Company. Among the original incorporators were included F. C. Keller, who had spent ten years in the manufacturing and sales departments, and E. C. Seitz, who for nine years had charge of the Kaynee office. Since the incorporation many of those who have been loyal in their efforts to build up Kaynee and its products have been taken care of in the organization. As before noted, one of the features.of some of the great business enterprises of the country lies in what are doing for their employes. In this connection the Kaynee Company stands out prominently and its recreation room is worthy of more than ordinary mention. This is a large room with windows on three sides, through which the sunlight shines throughout the entire day. Running the full length of one side of the factory is a mezzanine floor with a balcony overlooking the recreation room. On this mezzanine floor are a series of lunch rooms, a sanitary kitchen, a library—a branch of the Cleveland Public Library—where the better books are to be found, a rest room and a service room. In the restaurant more than. 1,000 employes and executives are served daily. The food served is the same to all, wholesome, appetizing and inexpensive. When lunch is finished the employes, those who wish to do so, enjoy a period of dancing, while others play tennis or baseball on the courts and diamonds, or use the swings and other athletic apparatus in healthful exercise. One of the particular features of the plant is the continuation school, in which daily classes are held, and here the employes are taught things about the business which they ought to know, the way to do them and why they are done. The school serves to make the operators view their tasks more as an interesting study than as labor, and in addition adds to their efficiency and worth to themselves and to the firm. A matron, mothererly and experienced, takes a personal interest in the welfare of young women employed, gives them timely and sound advice, acts as their guide in business matters, and is their counsellor and friend when perplexities arise. In the store room there are thousands of yards of fabrics stored, these being often purchased far in advance so that there may be no shortage to interfere with the regular employment of all who are willing to work the allotted CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 125 hours. It is roughly estimated that 7,234 miles of cloth are necessary to keep the Kaynee factory busy for six months, the supply usually kept on hand. This 12,500,000 yards of cloth is used in the manufacture of blouses and wash togs. During a year it is estimated that 500,000,000 yards of thread are used. The most up-to-date machinery is used in every department and everything possible is used for perfection in manufacture, uniform quality and a high standard of excellence. J. MARTIN THUMM, chief bailiff of the Municipal Court of Cleveland, is a veteran in municipal service and for about twenty years has held some place of responsibility and trust in connection with various county and city offices. He is one of the men of real power in public affairs, and has been a leader in the democratic party dating back to the palmy days of the Tom Johnson regime. Mr. Thumm was born at Warren, Ohio, December 15, 1872, son of J. Martin and Katherine (Schumacher) Thumm. His father, who died at Warren in 1910, was for half a century in the baking business in that city, was a man of quiet industry who had many warm and trusted friends. The widowed mother still lives in Warren. Of the eight children there • were four sons and four daughters, and one son and one daughter are now deceased. Mr. Thumm, who is the oldest of the children and the only one living in Cuyahoga County, has a brother Frank who is in business in Alberta, Canada, and his other brother, Charles, is employed in the Battle Mountain Sanitarium at Hot Springs, South Dakota. This sanitarium is exclusively devoted to the welfare and care of Spanish-American war veterans, and all its guests and employes are veterans of that war. J. Martin Thumm was educated in the public schools of Warren. In 1891 he came to Cleveland, and after a course in the Spencerian Business College, which was then located down town, he went to work as bookkeeper and salesman for J. B. Foster & Company. He was eight years with that firm and there gained the detailed business experience which he has since given to his public responsibilities. During Mayor Farley's administration Mr. Thumm was for two years city claim agent in the Department of Accounts. After Tom Johnson was elected mayor Mr. Thumm was made chief clerk to the superintendent of waterworks for about three months, and was then confidential clerk to the director of public works. When Cleveland took over its own street lighting Mr. Thumm was the superintendent of lighting and was in active charge of that department for two years. Subsequently he was cashier and county paymaster under county treasurer J. P. Madigan for two years. For about nine months he was chief deputy to the clerk of the Supreme Court at Columbus, and then returned to Cleveland to become deputy clerk of the Municipal Court. For over five years Mr. Thumm gave highly satisfactory service to the judges and all concerned as chief deputy clerk of the court, and on February 1, 1918, was promoted to chief bailiff, succeeding Judge Charles L. Selzer, who was promoted from chief bailiff to one of the justices of the court. Mr. Thumm has been an active figure in democratic politics in Cleveland and Cuyahoga County for the past twenty-two years. When Tom Johnson was the dominant figure in the party of the city and state Mr. Thumm was frequently referred to as Tom Johnson's tent manager. He is a member of the Democratic State Central Committee from the twentieth district and also member of the Democratic County Committee. Mr. Thumm affiliates with Riverside Lodge of the Knights of Pythias. February 3, 1897, at Cleveland, he married Miss Ellen Harrington, of Vermilion, Ohio. Mrs. Thumm died July 20, 1906, leaving one child, Marie Catherine. This daughter was horn and educated in Cleveland and in 1916 graduated from high school at Warren and in 1917 from the Oberlin Business College. On October 6, 1917, Mr. Thumm married Minnie Frances Wyss, of Cleveland. JUDGE ALEXANDER HADDEN was admitted to the Ohio bar and tried his first case in Cleveland over forty years ago. He has been a partner in several of the city's best known law firms, has been a law teacher over twenty years, but is perhaps best known among Cleveland people of the present time as judge of the Probate Court, an office he has filled continuously for twelve years. To the many delicate and complicated responsibilities of his office he has brought infinite tact, patience and sympathy as well as technical learning and skill. and his repeated reelections show the confidence reposed in him by the people of Cuyahoga County. Judge Hadden was horn at Wheeling, West Virginia, though the state of West Virginia 126 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS was not then in existence, on July 2, 1850. His parents were Alexander and Mary Eliza (Welch) Hadden. When he was about five years of age his parents moved to a farm on the Ohio River near Parkersburg. There Judge Hadden had some of his first experiences and some of his earliest memories go back to that locality. When he was seven years of age his father died and soon afterward the widowed mother took her family to Euclid Township in Cuyahoga County, Ohio. Judge Hadden's mother spent her last years in Cleveland. Thus much of his earlier life was spent in and around Cleveland. He attended the district schools of Euclid Township and at the age of sixteen entered the Shaw Academy of East Cleveland. Partly through his own efforts and the stimulus of an active ambition Judge Hadden acquired a liberal education. He was graduated in 1873 with the degree Bachelor of Arts from Oberlin College and almost immediately on the conclusion of his studies he entered the office of Spalding & Dickman at Cleveland, with whom he read law until he was admitted to the bar in 1875. He at once began private practice. His first partner was Harvey D. Goulder and their firm was known as Goulder & Hadden from 1880 to 1882. In February, 1882, Mr. Hadden was appointed assistant prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County. In 1884 he was elected prosecuting attorney, and filled that office with distinction for three years. He was reelected in 1887 and handled the increasing responsibilities of the prosecutor's office in Cuyahoga County until January 1, 1891. On leaving office he resumed private practice in partnership with Sheldon Parks, under the name Hadden & Parks. This was a prominent law firm of Cleveland from 1891 until 1902. The firm was reorganized as Wilcox, Collister. Hadden & Parks during 1903-04 and in 1904-05 it was Collister, Hadden & Griswold. In 1905 Governor Herrick appointed Mr. Hadden probate judge of Cuyahoga County. It was to fill a vacancy. and on November 7, 1905, he was regularly elected, and since then there has been no disposition on the part of the people to disturb or in any way interfere with the efficient administration of the probate ledge. Judge Hadden has been continuously a member of the faculty of the law department of Western Reserve University since 1894 and is professor of criminal law and criminal procedure. Politically he is a republican. Judge Hadden is a member of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He is a trustee of the Cleveland Humane Society, and a former director of the University Club and trustee of Oberlin College, a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and member of the Phi Beta Kappa, honorary scholarship fraternity, and president of the Early Settlers' Association of Cuyahoga County. He belongs to the Unitarian Church. Judge Hadden was married July 17, 1883, to Miss Frances Mary Hawthorne, of Coshocton, Ohio, who died April 22, 1914. By that marriage there were two children: Alice, the daughter, married P. E. Sheldon, September 5, 1908, and she died January 3, 1913, leaving a son and a daughter. John A. Hadden, the only son, is a successful lawyer and member of the law firm of Griswold and Hadden, of Cleveland. He is now captain of Battery F., One Hundred and Thirty-fifth Field Artillery. On March 29, 1917, Judge Hadden married Miss Jessie E. Hutchins, who was formerly assistant principal of the Outhwaite School in Cleveland. GERSON Z. WEINTRAUB is a Cleveland attorney with a rapidly growing practice and increasing prominence in legal circles. He is the only Roumanian speaking attorney in Cleveland, and is naturally the lawyer to whom the Roumanian population turn a large share of their legal business. Perhaps no member of the Cleveland bar has worked harder and overcome more handicaps than Mr. Weintraub in the course of his preparation for the bar. His career is one of more than ordinary interest. He was born at Braila, Roumania. April 30, 1882. His native town was burned by the Turks during the Balkan war a few years ago, and more recently it fell in the path of destruction before the invading German armies in the present war. His father, Zalel Weintraub, was a highly educated man. He studied in the Rabbinical School at Jassy, the present temporary capital of Roumania. He finished his course and was prepared for a career as a rabbi. but was never installed in the ministry. Most of his active life has been spent as a supervisor or administrator of large estates, and he held one position continuously for sixteen years. He married Rose Gruenberg. Mr. Weintraub's parents were both living when last heard from. They wrote him a postal card in November, 1916, but it did CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 127 not reach Mr. Weintraub at Cleveland until March, 1917. It was forwarded by way of Russia. In the spring of 1914 Mr. Weintraub went back to the old country, taking the Mediterranean cruise and revisting the scenes of his childhood in Roumania. He was gone from March until opening of the war in August. Mr. Weintraub began his education in the schools of his native town. He was twenty years of age when he first came to America, landing at New York in November, 1902. For a time he lived with his uncle, M. H. Gottesman, then a New York manufacturer. In January, 1903, he went south to Florida to accept a position at a nominal salary as general clerk in the store of a relative. This work soon proved unsatisfactory, though he quickly mastered its details. It was his ambition to continue his higher studies. While in Florida he rapidly acquired a knowledge of the English language and also picked up some Spanish. Returning to New York City in April, 1903, he walked the streets looking for work for a couple of months. Through the influence of a distant relative he was made assistant stock clerk at a salary of $300 a year in the wash goods department of James A. Hearns & Sons. After eight months, seeing no possibilities of promotion, he left the employment. Then followed a period of anxiety and struggle, during which he was barely able to keep himself alive. He declined in the meantime to resort again to his uncle for assistance. In the spring of 1904 he found work as a salesman at the Fourteenth Street store, and remained there at a salary of $8 a week for about six months. Then followed another period of struggle, until in November, 1904, he was employed as floor walker and interpreter with Sacks & Company at $12 a week. In the meantime he had attempted a course of engineering in the Cooper Union Institute. but being thrown out of employment he had to give up this ambition. In January, 1905, having saved some money, Mr. Weintraub came to Ohio. He had heard of the Ohio University at Athens, and there he entered the spring term of instruction. When his money gave out he accepted any employ. ment he could find. Through an instructor he was recommended to employment with The Home Telephone Company and was given a salary of $25 a month for work as bookkeeper, cashier and collector. That was satisfactory, since he could carry on his studies at the same time. Vol III-9 In the summer of 1905 Mr. Weintraub found other employment at Columbus, and in the next fall entered the second year of the Ohio State University. He supported himself by teaching English to foreigners in an improvised night school, also taught a Sunday school, and worked every Saturday in a.clothing store. In the spring of 1906 his night school broke up and he was again left without employment. Then followed some work with The Carnegie Steel Mills at Columbus, and from that he was employed as a draftsman at 18 cents an hour in the Panhandle shops of the Pennsylvania Railroad. In September, 1906, he went with The Jeffrey Manufacturing Company as a draftsman at 25 cents an hour. While there he took a course in structural engineering with The International Correspondence School, and was making satisfactory progress until the panic of 1907, when he was discharged, with many others. On December 8, 1907, Mr. Weintraub arrived in Cleveland and on the following day found temporary employment in a furnishing store. Early in the next year he was given a nominal salary as stock clerk with The May Company, but after a few weeks accepted the position of clerk for the Excelsior Club. While his duties at the club required his presence from noon until midnight, he was able to carry on his studies in the law during the forenoons and in September. 1908, he registered as a student in the Western Reserve University Law School. The combined work at school and the work at the club was a severe tax upon his resources and he suffered a complete breakdown in the spring of 1910. H; had made himself popular with the members of the Excelsior Club, and they came to his assistance with a loyalty that Mr. Weintraub will always appreciate. He was kindly looked after during a first and a second siege of illness, and after recuperating a position was found for him by a friend as bookkeeper in the savings department of The Citizens Savings & Trust Company. He remained there during the last six months of 1910. In the meantime he kept up his law studies, changing from the Western Reserve University to the Cleveland Law School of the Baldwin-Wallace University. His persistence and his hard work brought their reward when in June, 1911, he was graduated I.L. B. from Cleveland Law School and admitted to the Ohio bar in the same year. He was admitted to the United States District Court in September, 1915. For several years Mr. Weintraub was em- 128 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ployed by different Cleveland law firms, and on October 1, 1916, he commenced practice for himself. Such a career is one that all men respect. Mr. Weintraub is a hard worker, has a thorough command of the law, and has been able to serve his clients most efficiently. He has come through the difficult struggles which have been so briefly noted and his great work still lies before him. For three years he was a member of the Ohio National Guard. Politically he is identified with the republican party. Mr. Weintraub has the advantage of unusual linguistic ability. He speaks Roumanian, German, French, Yiddish and the English fluently, and also has considerable knowledge of Italian and Spanish. On March 23, 1917, after establishing himself in practice, he married Miss Marian Krych, of Cleveland. Mrs. Weintraub was born in Russian Poland, and finished her education in the convent at Kankakee, Illinois. THOMAS K. MAHER. Many of the large interests and activities of coal mining operation and transportation and distribution are represented by Thomas K. Maher, a Cleveland citizen of many years residence but whose business interests often take him far afield from his home city. Mr. Maher belongs with that class of successful Cleveland men who began their careers in humble capacity and have risen upon the streneth of their own abilities and exertions. He was born at Latrobe. Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania. December 27, 1862. His parents, John and Catherine (O'Rourke) Maher, were both born in County Carlow, Ireland, and are both now deceased. The father was brought to America when a boy, learned the milling trade and was a citizen of considerable influence in the little town of Latrobe, where he served as borough president and as a school director. After an education in the parochial schools Thomas K. Maher found work as a messenger boy in the local offices of the Pennsylvania Railway Company at Altoona, Pennsylvania. It was the very same office in which two prominent men got their start, Andrew Carnegie and Robert Pitcairn, the latter gaining eminence as an official of the Pennsylvania Railroad. Mr. Maher studied stenography while at work, attending night classes, and was with the Pennsylvania Company twelve years, rising through various offices until he was made chief clerk to the freight agent at Altoona, Pennsylvania. However, the employment that brought him his broader opportunities in life was as private secretary for the president of the First National Bank of Altoona. He worked for that bank twelve years. Its president had extensive coal interests, and from handling the clerical details Mr. Maher was gradually promoted to other responsibilities and gained a thorough familiarity with the coal industry. After leaving the bank in 1901 he bought the Belmont Coal Mining Company, whose properties are located in Belmont County, Ohio. On October 1, 1913, he organized the Pursglove-Maher Coal Company, with Joseph Pursglove as president and Mr. Maher as treasurer. This company has since operated the original coal property in Eastern Ohio and has also acquired many additional properties. At the present time they own in that one county about nine thousand acres of coal lands and have nine mines in production. The output of these mines is the Pittsburg seam coal, and while the productive capacity is very high it is still increasing. The firm of Pursglove & Maher owns Ohio properties, while Maher & Pursglove own other coal mines in West Virginia in the Island Creek district. Cf the latter organization Mr. Maher is president and Mr. Pursglove treasurer. On July 1, 1917, they organized the Cleveland and Morgantown Coal Company, with Mr. Pursglove as president and Mr. Maher as treasurer. They also have two large coal docks, one at Ashland, Wisconsin, and the other at Duluth. These docks have a capacity for handling seven hundred and fifty thousand tons of coal per year. The business is conducted as the Pittsburg & Ashland Coal & Dock Company, the principal office being at Minneapolis. Mr. Maher is president of this corporation and Mr. Pursglove treasurer. In the distribution of coal Mr. Maher has become financially interested in several traffic and transportation companies and owns large amounts of stock in shipping companies at Cleveland and is also a stockholder in two local banks. He is a member of the Union Club of Cleveland, the Westwood Golf Club, and attends worship at the St. Rose Catholic Church. On September 10, 1884, at Altoona, Pennsylvania, he married Miss Josephine Smith, a native of that city, daughter of Philip Smith. Mr. and Mrs. Maher have nine children : John A., vice CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 129 president of the Pittsburg & Ashland Coal & Dock Company ; and now a first lieutenant in the Railroad Transportation Corps in France; Rose, wife of W. A. Victory of Cleveland; Mary, at home; William J., a soldier in Company F, Three Hundred and Eighth Regiment of Engineers, now stationed in Italy; Daniel, now in the Naval Reserves; and Vincent, Josephine, Ruth and Dorothy, younger children still at home. The Maher family reside in a fine home at 11430 Edgewater Drive. It should be noted that Mr. Maher's brother, Daniel E. Maher, now deceased, was at one time president of the St. John's Theological Seminary at Boston. ABRAM ABBA KALISH. Among the progressive young business men of Cleveland who are coming to be well known in realty circles of the city, one who of recent years has made rapid advancement in this field is Abram Abba Kalish. In his particular line of allotment developing he has been instrumental in bringing much otherwise worthless property again into the market as desirable for residential or business uses, and in this way is a factor in the enlarging of his city's size and importance. Mr. Kalish was born in Russia, thirty years ago. He was but six years of age when he came to Cleveland with his parents, natives of Russia, his father, Joel Kalish having for a number of years been engaged in the tobacco business. Mrs. Kalish, who bore the maiden name of Anna Levinson, is also surviving and a resident of Cleveland. Upon his arrival at Cleveland, Abram A. Kalish began attending the public schools and for several years was a student at the Central High School, although he did not wait to graduate from that institution. He also was a student of the law, as that profession was the one which he determined to follow when he chose his life's vocation, and is a graduate of the Cleveland Law School. He was admitted to the bar in 1917. However his success in realty affairs has kept his time and attention occupied, and instead of engaging in active practice he has used his uknsinoesswle.dge and talents in helping him in his business. When he had completed his education Mr. Kalish first interested himself in the advertising business. It was while thus engaged that he became convinced as to the opportunities offered by the real estate field. He at first accepted several chances as they presented themselves in a small way, and encouraged and emboldened by his success therein gave himself unreservedly to this field of endeavor. During the past four or five years he has been engaged actively as a broker and as an allotment developer, and is at present engaged in erecting a large number of houses in the Collinwood shop district. Mr. Kalish specializes in recovering ald and abandoned allotment property and bringing it again into the market, either by sale or by improvement. He is secretary of The Pioneer Mortgage Company, a concern that helps to finance homes, and is also interested in several other corporations which he has started with the object of promoting real estate development. In political matters he has not taken an active part, and is non-partisan in his views. He takes a great interest, however, in all civic affairs, and is always eager to assist in matters which have for their object betterment of conditions and advancement of the general welfare of Greater Cleveland. He is a member of the City Club and active in Jewish affairs of the city. Mr. Kalish married Beatrix Franks Margolies, sister of the late Rabbi Samuel Margolies of Cleveland. Mr. Kalish has two brothers: Max Kalish was fortaerly a prominent young sculptor of Cleveland, but entered the service and is now at Camp Sherman doing special work at the Base Hospital preparatory to going over to France; Jacob L. Kalish was a Cleveland attorney until he enlisted in the Lakeside unit and is now in active service in France. MISS BETTIE DUTTON. A life of the deepest significance to Cleveland on account of benefits conferred came to an end with the death of Miss Bettie A. Dutton in January, 1918, at the age of seventy-eight. Sixty years before her death in 1858 she began teaching in Kentucky School at what is now West 38th Street in Cleveland. That school was the center of her laborious and fruitful career, and for fifty-eight years it represented largely her high ideals and efficiency as a teacher. Forty-six of those years she was principal of the school. She retired from her chosen work only on reaching the seventy-five year age limit imposed by the school board. This retirement came in June, 1916. at which time she was hailed as "the grand old lady of the public schools.'' Miss Bettie A. Dutton was born at Newburg, Ohio, August 18, 1840. She finished her education in Euclid Township near Cleveland. 130 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS In 1856 when the trustees of the Euclid Township were unable to get a substitute for the regular teacher, who was ill, Miss Dutton, then sixteen, took charge and taught her fellow students. Two years later her own education was finished, and her first formal connection with Cleveland schools began as teacher in Kentucky School, of which she was made principal in 1870. Kentucky School during her experience there grew from a small five room to an eighteen room building with more than a thousand pupils. It is estimated that Miss Dutton taught between forty thousand and fifty thousand Clevelanders in her career, and many men prominent in business and public affairs gratefully acknowledged their indebtedness to her for some of their early instruction. Among the more prominent of her former pupils was Ex-Mayor Herman Baehr and former president of the school hoard F. H. Haserot. Miss Dutton by her work and her character became prominently known among educators throughout the country. For twenty years she was a member of the Council of Education of the National Education Association. She did much to raise the status and standards of the teaching profession, and in some respects was a pioneer advocate of woman's rights, especially directing her efforts toward an equality of wages for an equality of work. She once said that in her early experience men teachers were paid $10.00 a week while women received only $5.00 for the same length of time. Anyone who gives as much of their life to teaching as did Miss Dutton deserves to rank as a philanthropist. She is also remembered for her philanthropy in a more practical sense. She kept in touch with the families of her district, and often supplied them with money and other assistance in times of emergency, and at other times brought worthy eases to the attention of her friends. Miss Dutton died at the home of her nephew C. F. Dutton Jr. The latter is a son of Dr. Charles F. Dutton, who was also a prominent early day educator of Cleveland and in 1853 was principal of the Hicks Street public school of Cleveland. GEORGE H. HULETT. There was a time not so long ago in our economic progress when man power was regarded as practically unlimited, and human labor was vastly cheaper than material or machinery. Such conditions have undergone a rapid change. and now with the critical scarcity of labor and its relatively high price many forms and processes of industry would be impossible were it not for improved labor saving machinery. Thus labor saving machinery has not, as has been sometimes claimed, displaced the human factor so much as it has supplied the vacancy left by the increasing withdrawal of man power and has actually lightened the burdens of the world and released countless human operatives for more productive lines of employment. In the field of invention and manufacture of labor saving machinery one of the men entitled to distinction at Cleveland is George H. Hulett. Mr. Hulett is a native of Ohio, born at Conneaut September 26, 1846, a son of Erastus and Amanda (Norton) Hulett. His father was born in Vermont in 1796 and was a pioneer settler of Conneaut, arriving there in 1831 and following the occupation of farmer until 1860. In that year he moved to Cleveland and lived retired until his death in 1868. He married Amanda Norton in Vermont, and they were the parents of four children, William E. and Eliza, both deceased ; Frank, a resident of Pasadena, California; and George H. George H. Hulett attended public school until twelve years of age and then came to Cleveland, continued his education in the local schools here and in the Humiston Institute of Cleveland, from which he graduated in 1864. Mr. Hulett was a merchant at Unionville, Ohio, conducting a general merchandise store for the supply of all the commodities used in the surrounding country until 1881. Selling out, he returned to Cleveland and was in the produce and commission business in this city until 1890. Thus nearly a quarter of a century of his active career passed •before he got into the real field where his chief success has been made In 1890 he began manufacturing coal and ore handling machinery. In 1898 he became associated as an engineer of construction with the Variety Iron Works of Cleveland. Resigning this position in 1903 he became engineer with the McMyler Manufacturing Company. It was while with this company that he invented the Hulett Unloading Machine. In 1907 he became associated with the firm of Webster Camp & Lane at Akron. Still keeping his interests at Akron he returned to Cleveland in 1909 and opened an office in the Garfield Building and soon afterward consolidated with Wellman, Seaver & Morgan Company of Cleveland and the Webster, Camp & Lane Company of Akron. The new name became CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 131 Wellman, Seaver & Morgan Company, with Mr. Hulett as vice president and director. In February, 1917, he resigned his post as vice president, but was still a director until 1918, when he withdrew. His big work aside from manufacturing has been as an inventor. He is inventor of the Hulett Car Dumper Machine, sometimes called the McMyler Car Dumper Machine, and the Hulett Unloading Machine. This last is a device for unloading iron ore and coal, and for a number of years has been used on the Great Lakes and is now being introduced at various large ocean ports. The dumper machine is employed for unloading cars of ore, coal and other materials at lake and ocean ports and blast furnaces. He is also inventor of the Hulett Conveyor Bridges, for the handling of coal, iron, ore and limestone. One effective instance may be given as to the efficiency of the machinery invented by Mr. Hulett. Not so many years ago it required a hundred men for a period of twelve hours to unload a 5,000 ton cargo of ore. Four of the improved Hulett machines have again and again demonstrated their capacity to lift a 10,000 ton cargo of ore from a lake vessel and deposit it on the docks in less than five hours, with the services of only twenty-five men for operation. Mr. Hulett is widely known in engineering and technical circles, is a member of the Engineers Club of Cleveland, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, and the Engineers Club of New York City. He is a member of the Masonic order, is an independent voter and belongs to the Euclid Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. At Unionville, Ohio, in June, 1871, he married Miss Addie Hutchings. They have a son and daughter, Frank and Mrs. H. J. Doolittle of Cleveland. Frank is a graduate of the Cleveland. High School, the Case School of Applied Science and at present is an engineer and contractor in Cleveland. FRANK HOWARD NEFF. A native son of Cleveland Frank Howard Neff has attained a national reputation in engineering circles and has had long years of practical and consulting relationship with the profession in addition to his duties as an educator. He has been connected in some capacity with the Case School of Applied Science almost continually since he graduated from that institution. Mr. Neff was born at Cleveland July 30, 1865. His father was a substantial local business man and the son grew up in a good home and had every encouragement to perfect him- self in the profession for which he exercised an early choice. Mr. Neff attended the Cleveland public schools. graduating from the Central high school in 1883 at the an of eighteen. He then entered the Case School of Applied Science, taking the civil engineering course, and graduated in 1887. Mr. Neff remained with the Case School as instructor of civil engineering during 1887-89. During 1889-90 he was abroad, a student in the National School of Bridges and Roads, (Ecole des Ponta Chaussees), at Paris, and took courses in mathematics and sciences at the Sorbonne. On his return to Cleveland Mr. Neff was instructor of civil engineering in Case School of Applied Science, and in 1892 received his degree civil engineer from that institution. Since 1897 he has been assistant professor and professor of civil engineering with his alma mater. Mr. Neff is president of the Electric Railway Improvement Company, is a former president of the Forest City Electric Company, and is a director of the General Cartage and Storage Company. He has enjoyed many honors of the profession, is an Associate Member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, a member of the American Society for Testing Materials, of the International Society for Testing Materials, the American Railway Engineering Association, the Society for Promotion of Engineering Education, the Cleveland Engineering Society, the National Geographic Society, the American Society for the Advancement of Science, and the Cleveland Museum of Art, the Western Reserve Historical Society. He is a charter member of the Cleveland Chapter of Zeta Psi, a member of the Sigma Xi, and belongs to the University Club, Rowfant Club, Shpker Heights Country Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Automobile Club, Civic League, and the Euclid Avenue Congregational church. Politically he votes as a republican. December 23, 1903, at Cleveland Mr. Neff married Miss Ida C. Brown, daughter of Jacob H. Brown of Cleveland. She died June 19, 1914, the mother of twin sons, Frank H. Jr. and Edward Brown, born February 7, 1908. Both are now attending the University School of Cleveland. Frank Howard Neff is a son of William A. Neff. whose long association with Cleveland business affairs makes some particular reference to his career appropriate in this publication. He was born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, April 5, 1828, was educated 132 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS there while a boy on a farm and in young manhood conducted a general store at Alexandria, Pennsylvania. He finally secured a contract for the construction of a branch line of the Pennsylvania Railway. In 1858 coming to Cleveland he conducted a grocery store at Doan's Corners in East Cleveland, subsequently operated a sandstone quarry and saw mill on Shaker Heights, but in 1872 sold out these industrial properties and with Peter Rose as a partner in the firm of Rose & Neff engaged in tobacco manufacturing and jobbing. From this business he finally retired and resumed his sandstone quarry, which he continued to operate until 1893, when it was discontinued. After that he lived retired until his death on December 28, 1895, at the age of sixty-eight. He served as a trustee in East Cleveland and was a member of the Board of Education of Cleveland City at one time. Fraternally he was identified with Woodward Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, and was a charter member of Euclid Avenue Congregational Church. Politically he was a republican. In Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania. he married Miss Eliza Mong. Of their seven children, four are still living: William A. Jr. of Cleveland, Frank Howard, Annie L. wife of Burnham W. King of East Orange, New Jersey, and H. Allison of Cleveland. ARTHUR W. NEAL is president of The Neal Fireproof Storage Company, one of the largest concerns of its kind at Cleveland, and a business which was established by his father over forty years ago with only one team and wagon. In fact the work was done on such a limited scale that it had no particular status as a business. and the subsequent results have been the gradual development of a service adapted to changing conditions and growing demands. The late Jonathan Neal. founder of the business, was born in Wormegie, England, in 1831. He was educated in the old country, and lived on and worked on his father's farm until in the early '50s he came to Cleveland where for a time he was employed in the strenuous business of pulling stumps. Later he worked in a freight house and in 1871, having acquired a team, he set up in the moving business, in which he continued actively with increasing facilities until 1903, when he retired, being succeeded by his son Arthur. Jonathan Neal died February 28. 1905. He was a good business man, had a large number of warm friends and admirers, and lived a life that was a credit to his adopted city. He married at Cleveland Mary Jane Gillie. Arthur W. Neal, one of his parents' four children, was born at Cleveland August 14, 1868. He was educated in the grammar and high schools until eighteen, after which he worked for his father six months and then went into the State National Bank as a clerk and later as bookkeeper. He remained in the bank eight years, but gave up a work which had important promotions for him in promise in order to return to his father's business and take active control at the time the elder Neal retired. In 1912 the business was incorporated as The Neal Fireproof Storage Company, with Arthur W. Neal as president, C. J. Neal, vice president and treasurer, and W. R. Kissick, secretary. In 1912 the company erected fireproof four-story building at 7208 Euclid Avenue for storage purposes. Since then two large additional buildings have been erected in the rear of the first. As already noted Jonathan Neal started in business with one team and wagon in 1871. When he retired in 1903 he had six vans, fifteen heavy trucks, fourteen head of horses, and a large amount of heavy rigging for erecting heavy machinery. Since then the company has abandoned its department for erecting machinery, and concentrates entirely upon general moving and storage. At the present time the company have fifty hands in the service, operate seven van trucks and have a system and service which is perfect down to the last detail. Mr. Arthur W. Neal is affiliated with Woodward Lodge Free and Accepted Masons, McKinley Chapter Royal Arch Masons, Oriental Commandery Knights Templar, the Scottish Rite Consistory and the Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. C. J. Neal is a member of Halcyon Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Forest City Commandery, Knights Templar, the Scottish Rite Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. JOEL HAVEN FULLER. It was about half a century before this writing that Joel Haven Fuller found his first active connection with Cleveland business life. It was a small and humble role that he essayed, but he showed an earnestness of spirit and a diligence that gave promise of future usefulness and responsibility, and that promise has been well fulfilled in subsequent years. Mr. Fuller is one of the oldest and most active business men CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 133 of Cleveland in the fire brick industry, and his associations with that business have brought him an almost international acquaintance and position. He was born in the old village of Brighton, now part of the City of Cleveland, September 6, 1851, a son of William and Maria (Haven) Fuller. His father, a native of Plainfield, Connecticut, where he was reared and educated, moved to Brighton, Ohio, in 1837, and for a number of years was a manufacturer, conducting an ashery. He was called from business pursuits when elected to the office of county auditor of Cuyahoga County and served three terms. In 1861 he began raising on a rather extensive scale horses which he furnished to the Government for use in the war. When the war was over he continued in the same business and also conducted a farm and was a wool commission merchant. In his later years he still kept in touch with public affairs as incumbent of the office of justice of the peace. He was an early abolitionist of Northern Ohio and an ardent republican. His church was the Presbyterian. He and his wife were married at Cleveland and they had four children : William H., who at the time of his death was assistant cashier of the First National Bank of Cleveland ; Mrs. Elizabeth W. Kaim, who died September 29, 1916; Joel H.; and Mrs. Caroline M. Jones, of Jamestown, New York. Joel Haven Fuller attended the public schools of the Cleveland suburbs Brighton and Brooklyn and after 1867 had two terms of in3trnction in Oberlin College. He then returned to Cleveland and found employment as collector and clerk with the Merchants National Bank. His wages were twenty-five dollars.a month. A year later he went to the Big Four Railroad offices as clerk in the freight department, and after two years moved his employment to the county auditor's office as a deputy clerk under L. D. Benedict and W. S. Jones. He remained there two years. His longest service as an employe was with the Standard Oil Company. His first job with that corporation was counting barrels, and later he was one of the trusted and efficient men in the treasurer's office. Mr. Fuller began his independent business career as a partner with Charles B. Stowe in the Stowe-Fuller Company, dealers in refractory material. including fire clay, brick and other commodities. In 1897 the business was incorporated, with Mr. Fuller as president and treasurer. His duties and business connections required much of his time abroad in Europe in contracting for material for the Federal Refractories Company, which he had organized, and because of this continued absence he resigned as president and treasurer and in 1905 became vice presidentof the Stowe-Fuller Company. He had organized the Federal Refractory Company in 1905. This company manufactures silica and magnesite brick, with a plant at Alexandria, Pennsylvania. Mr. Fuller continued as president of the company until 1915, when he resigned, but is still a director. In 1915 the Stowe-Fuller Company sold their retail business to the Cuyahoga Builders Supply Company, in which corporation Mr. Fuller is vice president and director. Other active business associations are as follows: Vice president and director of the National Fire Brick Company; vice president and director of the Minor Fire Brick Company ; director of the Lockhaven Fire Brick Company of Lockhaven, Pennsylvania; director of the Engel Aircraft Company of Niles, Ohio; director of the Pittsburg Radium Company of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania, and director of the Metal Parts Manufacturing Company of Cleveland. Mr. Fuller is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Union Club, the Mayfield Country Club, Cleveland Gun Club, Automobile Club, Rotary Club, and in Masonry is affiliated with Iris Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Cleveland Council, Royal and Select Masters, Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, Eliadah Lodge of Perfection and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a republican and a member of the Episcopal Church. Mr. Fuller married at Buffalo, New York, September 12, 1888, Lillian B. Turner. They have one daughter, Mrs. Randolph G. Pack, of Cleveland, who is the mother of one child, Virginia Lathrop Pack. WAYNE S. MCFADDEN, prominent in Cleveland real estate circles, has had a very active and varied career for a man of his years. He was horn at Cadiz, Ohio, June 25, 1881. His grandfather, James McFadden, was a native of Ireland and on coming to America first settled in Pennsylvania and afterwards in Ohio. Wayne S. McFadden and his father, John, were both horn in the same house at Cadiz. John McFadden was a practical farmer and is now deceased. He married Margaret E. Morgan, a native of Ohio and still living at Cadiz. She is of English descent and of American Revolutionary stock. 134 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Wayne S. McFadden was educated in the public schools, and had a college preparatory training. He lived at home on the farm until twenty-one and then took a course in telegraphy at Valparaiso, Indiana. After this he conducted a telegraph school at Pittsburg until failing health compelled him to seek recuperation on the home farm. Following that he was in the hardware business at Bloom-dale, Ohio, in the clothing business at Mansfield, was clerk in a general store at Bowerston, and removing to Philadelphia engaged in the real estate and building business. After a time he returned to the farm, but in 1914 removed to Cleveland, and as secretary, treasurer and manager of the Logan Realty Company is one of the leading operators in real estate and building in the city. The chief purpose of the Logan Realty Company is the building and operating of apartment houses. Notable among these are properties at 2096 East Ninety-sixth Street and at 2037 East Seventy-seventh Street, two fine apartments representing an investment of about $115,000. The company is also building residences on Lincoln Boulevard and Cleveland Heights, two in East Cleveland on Neal Avenue, one on Fairfax Road, and two on Woodbury Road. Mr. McFadden is also connected with several other business corporations in Cleveland. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the Automobile Club and in politics is independent. ALBERT MENDELSON. Seventeen years of active practice have sufficed to give Albert Mendelson a secure position in the Cleveland. bar. From the law his interests and activities have extended to various fields of social and civic life, and he did a great service to the state and his home city during his term in the Senate from his election in 1908 until January 1, 1911. Senator Mendelson was elected on the republican ticket. He represented the Twenty-fifth district, composed of Cuyahoga County. He served on important committees relating to taxation, banks and banking and on municipal affairs. Senator Mendelson has the distinction of having established the Municipal Court in Cleveland, and that court and its plan of operation has since been adopted in all the larger cities of the state. He also secured the adoption of the plan of medical inspection of school children. He was born at Cleveland, Ohio, September 13, 1876. His father, Samuel N. Mendelson, was born in Germany, a son of Isaac Mendelson, who was a tailor by trade and came to Cleveland about 1859 from New York City. His family followed him west in 1861. Isaac Mendelson died in 1903. Samuel N. Mendelson died at St. Luke's Hospital in Cleveland on April 26, 1910. His home for many years was at 2420 East Forty-sixth Street. He was about sixty years of age when he died, and had come to the United States in early infancy. For many years he lived at Buffalo, New York, and on coming to Cleveland he eugaged in the clothing business. At the time of his death he was owner of The Hub Clothing Company of Cleveland. He was one of the early clothing merchants on Superior Street. Samuel N. Mendelson married Jeanette Levy. She is still living in Cleveland, and all her nine children, five sons and four daughters, are living. The second son, next younger than Albert, is Edward S., of Cincinnati, but the other children, Lewis, Martin, Arthur, Mrs. Jacob Frank, Lillian, Ida and Edith all reside in Cleveland. Albert Mendelson grew up in Cleveland, attended the public schools, the Brownell School, the Central High School, from which he graduated with the class of 1894, and then. the Western Reserve University. He completed his course in the law department of the University in 1899 and received the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the Ohio bar in 1899, Mr. Mendelson has since been in active practice. At first he was a partner with William A. Carey, under the firm name of Carey & Mendelson, the partnership being dissolved when Mr. Carey became assistant city solicitor. Since then Mr. Mendelson has been alone in practice and has specialized in commercial and corporation law. His offices have always been in the Society for Savings Building, and he is almost one of the oldest tenants of that office structure. Mr. Mendelson is a republican, has taken an active part in politics, is affiliated with the Knights of Pythias at Cleveland, is member of the Ohio State and Cleveland Bar Associations, belongs to the City Club and worships in the Euclid Avenue Temple. Besides his law library he possesses a collection of standard and general literature. On October 7, 1903, at Cincinnati, Mr. Mendelson married Miss Grace Myra Drukker, daughter of Simon and Sarah Drukker, of Cincinnati. Her parents and 'grandparents CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 135 were all natives of St. Louis, Missouri. Her father is now a hat and cap manufacturer of Cincinnati, where her mother died in 1914. Mrs. Mendelson was born in St. Louis, but was educated in Cincinnati, and is a graduate with the degree Bachelor of Arts from the University of Cincinnati. Her mother was a distinguished woman of that city. She was a writer not only for the general press but also in the realm of distinctive literature, was a member of the Cincinnati Press Club, and since her death her writings have been collected and published under the title of "A Literary Find." Mrs. Mendelson's mother was also one of the leaders in the suffrage movement in Cincinnati a quarter of a century ago and one of the first presidents of the Suffrage Association in that city. Mr. and Mrs. Mendelson have three children, two sons and one daughter: William I., Gilbert S. and Marion S., all of whom were born in Cleveland. JOSEPH HORN came to Cleveland about twenty years ago, as a molder and foundry-man, and after following his trade for a number of years became associated with other men in the purchase of the Collinwood Foundry Company, of which he has since been president. He is one of the expert men in his line in the city, and has been largely responsible for the growth of a business which is one of the important industries of the city. Mr. Horn was born in Bohemia April 4, 1876, a son of Felix and Anna Horn. His education was completed at the age of fourteen and he was then sent to Dresden, Germany, where he worked as an apprentice molder six months and finished learning his trade at Prague, Bohemia, spending altogether six years in his apprenticeship. It was with these thorough qualifications that he came to America and located at Cleveland, where as a molder he was employed twenty months by the City Foundry Company two years by the Atlantic Foundry Company, 1 y2 years with Taylor & Boggis, again with the City Foundry Company for a year, two years with Johnson & Jennings and was again with the City Foundry until 1904. In that year Mr. Horn with seven associates bought out the Collinwood Foundry Company, and has since been the president and directing head of that institution. The vice president is Charles Tayerle, the secretary, Anton Malik, and the treasurer, Joseph Jung-man. Fourteen years ago Mr. Horn and his business associates were able to employ only two helpers, but today they have a force of eighty men and the plant is taxed to its full capacity in filling orders for general foundry molding. Mr. Horn is a member of the C. S. P. S., and is a republican voter. He married in Cleveland Miss Anna Kurak. They have three sons. Charles, the oldest, born at Cleveland July 23, 1896, is now serving in Company 10 of the Field Hospital Corps at Fort Bliss, Texas. Joseph and Otto are attending the public schools. D. TODD MAY is a Clevelander with long and constant experience in real estate fields, and has been in business for himself since 1909. His offices are in the Williamson Building. While operating as a general real estate dealer he specializes in Lakewood property and investment property. Mr. May has handled a vast amount of property in the west end and Lakewood sections of the city, and is easily one of the foremost operators in those areas of the city district. Mr. May was born at Poland, Ohio, the old home of President McKinley, on August 15, 1872. His father, Daniel May, was of English and German descent, but of old American family, was a native of Ohio, a druggist, and died about thirty years ago. The mother, Cynthia (Kelty) May, is also a native of Ohio and is now living at Poland. She is of Scotch family. D. Todd May was educated in the public schools and in an academy at Poland, and practically all his business experience has been in Akron and Cleveland. For about fifteen years he was bookkeeper with different concerns in these cities, and from that entered the field of real estate. He is a member of the Cleveland real estate board, of the Cleveland Chamber of Industry, Lakewood Chamber of Commerce, and is affiliated with the Loyal Order of Moose and is a republican voter. His church membership is with the Lakewood Methodist Episcopal. On November 30, 1898, he married Emma Schneider, a native of Cleveland, and daughter of Michael Schneider. Their two children are Marion Dorothy and Edna Ruth, both attending the Lakewood school. PAUL E. KROEHLE. Whether considered as a representative business man, public-spirited citizen, or thorough type of the energetic and resourceful Clevelander. Paul E. Kroehle 136 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS occupies a substantial position in his community. For a number of years he has been identified with the business of food brokerage, and the extent and importance of his operations in this field have given him well-merited recognition and reputation. Mr. Kroehle is one of the native sons of Cleveland who have won success in their home city. He was born December 5, 1878, his father being Charles Kroehle, now deceased, a native of Germany who came to Cleveland in 1866, and his mother, Mary (Schneider) Kroehle, who was horn in this city and still resides here. Paul E. Kroehle was educated in the graded. and West High schools, Cleveland, and Adelbert College (Western Reserve University). His first experience in the food brokerage business was secured in partnership with the firm of Ackerman & Company, with which he remained for eight years, then severing his connection with that enterprise to embark in business on his own account. Through energy, good management and progressive methods he has succeeded in building up an important business, representing manufacturers and selling to wholesale grocers. He is widely known in business circles as a man of strict integrity, keen ability and capacity for making the most of legitimate opportunities, and his associates place the utmost confidence in his judgment. Mr. Kroehle is a republican, but is not active in political affairs, his time being almost exclusively devoted to his business. He is prominent in Masonry, belonging to Halcyon Lodge. Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, Lake Erie Consistory, and Holyrood Cornmandery, all of Cleveland. and belongs also to the Cleveland Athletic Club. and the Willowick Country Club. and to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Kroehle was married August 29, 1906, to Miss Jessie A. MacFarlane, who was born near Quebec, Canada, and they have one daughter, Mary Ellen. The pleasant Kroehle home is located on Lake Shore Boulevard. CLOYD W. MILLER, active head of the Miller-Wells Lumber Company of Cleveland, while a young man in years is a veteran in experience in all branches of the lumber business, from the woods of Arkansas and Michigan to the wholesale offices of his present company in the American Trust Building. Mr. Miller was born at Goshen. Indiana, February 7. 1883. His father. Charles M. Miller, was a native of the same town and died when his son Cloyd was a child. His mother, Alma R. (Weaver) Miller, is also a native of Indiana, and for thirty-five years was a successful teacher in that state and is still living at Goshen. Her father, Solomon Henry Weaver was a Union soldier in the Civil war and was killed in battle. His remains lie in the National Cemetery at Nashville, Tennessee. Cloyd W. Miller attended the grammar and high schools of Goshen, and as a boy learned stenography and was employed in-that capacity with a local heavy hardware firm. He entered the lumber business at the age of nineteen and learned to inspect lumber in the milling districts of Arkansas. He next was employed at Ford River, Michigan, as bookkeeper and also had charge of a company store. Mr. Miller has been a resident of Cleveland since 1907. He was connected with the Robert H. Jenks Lumber Company until January 1, 1910. when he organized the present business of the Miller-Wells Lumber Company. His associate in this business, practically a "silent" partner, is Mr. Daniel Wells, a wealthy young man of wealthy parents, who with leisure and wealth at his command has never shown a disposition to be merely a son of luxury, and has distinguished himself in many ways. He was with the United States forces in the Philippines during the American occupation of those islands and is now serving with the American Ambulance Corps somewhere in France. His wife and family live at Detroit during his absence abroad. The Miller-Wells Lumber Company does a wholesale lumber business in carload lots. It supplies material from all parts of the country. The business is largely conducted on the brokerage plan and the service of the company is offered at a fixed rate to the dealer with such connections as to insure a prompt and satisfactory service from the mills to the buyer. Mr. Miller has developed this business largely on a plan suggested by his experience and he might in fact he classed as a lumber engineer. Mr. Miller is in close touch with all the known sources of lumber supply in this country. and with all conditions governing the production. the transportation and the grades of supply. Mr. Miller also organized the Cloyd W. Miller Company, a real estate firm, which built the apartment corner of Ninety-seventh Street and Newton Avenue. This is a four-story modern brick sixteen apartment structure, constructed at a cost of $75.000. Mr. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 137 Miller owns a majority of stock in this company. In matters of politics he is a democrat without special party activity, and belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Board of Lumber Dealers. On September 19, 1906, at Peshtigo, Wisconsin, he married Miss Stella I. Burke, a native of that state. Her father, John Burke, was superintendent of the Peshtigo Lumber Company and recently retired after fifty years of continuous service with his corporation. Mr. and Mrs. Miller have two daughters and one son, Jean, Peggy and Dan.' HENRY H. HODELL. The business career of Henry H. Hodell might be described briefly as a progress from a boy worker in a rolling mill to the executive chair of one of Ceveland's most important industries, the Cleveland Galvanizing Works Company, the plant of which occupies an entire city block. The opportunities surrounding Mr. Hodell were hardly better nor worse than those open to thousands of his contemporaries, and his success could be accounted for not so much by opportunity as the expression of his own industry and ambitions ideals. Mr. Hodell was born in Strassburg, France, May 28, 1849, but in 1854, at the age of five, was brought to Cleveland by his parents, John and Barbara Hodell. In this city he attended the public schools until he was fourteen. Then came his employment as a bar mill worker in the Lake Shore Rolling Mills. He was there until 1865, and then learned and worked at the pattern making trade with the Pettengail Glass Foundry until 1871. The next three years he spent on the Pacific Coast at San Francisco. in charge of the pattern shops of the W. T. Garrett Bell and Brass Foundry. On retuning to Cleveland Mr. Hodell took up an entirely different line of enterprise, becoming a partner in a retail shoe business under the name Hodell & Collins. Mr. Hodell retained his interest in this business until 1901. In the meantime. in 1886. he established on a modest scale the Cleveland Galvanizing Works Company. He had four men to assist him, and all the work was done in a shop 150x40 feet. It is from that as a nucleus that the present plant had grown until it covers almost a full city block, and with a payroll of 175 persons. For a number of years this plant operated as a custom galvanizing concern. but during the nest fifteen years its facilities have been gradually broadened until it is now one of the largest weldless wire chain plants in the country. Their output is now thirty-five miles a day. The plant makes seven patterns of chains and sixty sizes. The business was incorporated in 1908, with Mr. Hodell as president and general manager, and with his two sons as his active associates, F. G. Hodell, vice president, and Howard Hodell, secretary and treasurer. At the father's death, which occurred February 10, 1918, F. G. Hodell was elected president, Howard Hodell, vice president, and W. F. Snyder, secretary. Mr. Hodell was also president of the Van Dorn & Dutton Company, a director of the Van Dorn Electric Tool Company, and director of the Equity Savings and Loan Company. He was well known in business and social life of Cleveland, a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Shaker Heights Country Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the Automobile Club, and in Masonry affiliated with Iris Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Politically he voted as a republican. At Cleveland December 24, 1879, Mr. Roden married Miss Annie A. Reim. Their two sons have already been mentioned, Fred G. being thirty-six and Howard H., thirty-three years of age. CLARENCE VINCENT KERR, D. O. Osteopathy, the profession which rests upon the theory that most diseases are traceable to deranged mechanism of the bones, nerves, blood vessels and other tissues, and may be cured by manipulation of these parts, has nagged long since the experimental stage and has become a widely recognized and sane factor in the lessening of human suffering. A capable and enthusiastic exponent of this method of cure is found in Dr. Clarence Vincent Kerr, whose professional career has already been made notable by some remarkable results. Since 1900 he has been engaged in practice at Cleveland, where he now has a lame And representative practice. Doctor Kerr was horn August 6. 1877, at LaBelle. Missouri. and is a son of John A. and Jennie (Holloway) Kerr. The Kerr famil,- originated in Scotland, but after the Scottish rebellion. started by Wallace, its members were driven to take refuge in the north of Ireland. from whence the first Ameri- 138 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS can progenitor came at an early day. John A. Kerr, father of Doctor Kerr, was born in the State of New York, and when a boy journeyed down the old canal to Zanesville, Ohio, subsequently moving to LaBelle, Missouri, where he engaged in teaching school and keeping a hotel. He is now retired from active pursuits and makes his home at Wooster, Ohio. During the Civil war he served as a member of the home guard in Missouri. Mrs. Kerr, who also survives as a highly respected resident of Wooster, was born in Missouri, but belongs to an old Kentucky family. Her father was one of the Circuit Court judges of Missouri, while her brother, Hon. William L. Holloway, of Helena, is judge of the Supreme Court of Montana. Clarence Vincent Kerr received his early education in the public schools of LaBelle, following which he went to the State Normal School at Kirksville. He early became an enthusiastic follower of the science of osteopathy, and at Kirksville attended the famous American School of Osteopathy, where he received the degree of Doctor of Osteopathy. While residing at that place he assisted in the payment of his tuition fees by acting in the capacity of assistant postmaster. Later Doctor Kerr took a post-graduate course at Harvard. He commenced the practice of his chosen profession at Dubuque, Iowa, in February, 1899, but in October, 1900, disposed of his business there and changed his office to Cleveland, where he has been located since. His office is unexcelled in equipment, containing the most practical apparatus thus far discovered, as well as the latest books and periodicals bearing upon the subject which is enlisting his best energy and thought. The Doctor is a member of the American Osteopathic Association and the Ohio Osteopathic Society, and belongs as well to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Rotary Club and the Hermit Club. He is not a politician and is inclined to be independent in his views upon public questions. Doctor Kerr was married at Chicago, Illinois, in June, 1906, to Myrtle D. Harlan, a native of Missouri, and a daughter of Willis W. Harlan, a merchant of Kirksville, Missouri. To this union there has been born one son, John Harlan, who is attending the public schools. EDGAR BRANSON THOMAS, a graduate civil engineer of Case School of Applied Science, was for a number of years identified with the city engineering department of Cleveland, and is now in private practice as consulting civil engineer, with offices in the Guardian Build- ing. Born on a farm in Harrison County, Ohio, February 15, 1870, he is a son of Israel and Elizabeth S. (Branson) Thomas. Both the Branson and Thomas families came from Loudoun County, Virginia. and were pioneer settlers in Ohio. The parents were born in the same township in Harrison County, were married there and had lived together thirty-nine years until their companionship was broken by the death of the father at the old homestead April 12, 1905, in his sixty-sixth year. The mother is now living in Cleveland. Israel Thomas was a farmer and stock raiser. He and his wife were members of the Orthodox Friends. Mr. Thomas' sister, Anna R., is also living in Cleveland. Edgar B. Thomas was educated in the public schools of his native locality, and in 1896 graduated Bachelor of Science from Franklin College at New Athens, Ohio. In 1901 he received the degree Bachelor of Science from Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, and in 1904 was awarded the degree Civil Engineer by the same institution. Mr. Thomas was connected with the office of city engineer of Cleveland until 1916. He served under the successive chief engineers James Ritchie, W. J. Carter and Robert Hoffman. During most of the time he had charge of the river and harbor work in the engineering department and was also in charge of the construction of the East Ninth Street passenger pier. After leaving the service of the city Mr. Thomas engaged in practice for himself. His chief specialty developed by years of experience, is in all branches of engineering and construction work pertaining to the building of harbor construction, including docks, piers, breakwaters, etc. In addition he is president of the Logan Realty Company and is vice president of the Short Creek Coal Company. In politics Mr. Thomas claims allegiance neither with the republican nor democratic parties and keeps himself free to supportfithe man and the policy he thinks best. He has never held an elective office. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers and is president of the Cleveland Engineering Society. He is on the Civic League Paving Committee and a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and University Club. Aside from his profession CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 139 his intellectual hobby is as a student and collector of Indian remains, and when out in the wild and waste places of nature he is always on the keen lookout for arrow heads. He has a city home at 11407 Glenwood Avenue, but spends some of his summer hours on a few acres of wooded and rugged ground at Gates Mills. September 30, 1903, Mr. Thomas married Miss Anna M. Mills, daughter of Francis C. and Anna M. (McKim) Mills. Mrs. Thomas was born in Cleveland, and was educated in the city schools and in Ohio Wesleyan University. GEORGE HUBERTY is at the head of probably the oldest store fixture and ‘show case manufacturing plant of Cleveland or Northern Ohio, and one of the five sons who carry on a business which was founded by their father, Peter Iluberty. in 1870. Peter Huberty, Sr., who died in 1915, at the age of eighty, was an expert cabinet maker. He worked in London and Paris before coming to this country, and for years was employed by Herter Brothers in New York as foreman and was in charge of much of the finer cabinet work done in the costly homes along Fifth Avenue in that city. In 1870 Peter Huberty, Sr., came to Cleveland and founded the present business now conducted by his sons. These sons grew up in the atmosphere of the plant and business, and in 1903 the father turned over the active management to them, with George Huberty, directing head. Associated with Mr. George Huberty are his brothers William and Ernest. who are in charge of the drafting, designing and sales departments: Albert, superintendent of the factory; and Peter, Jr., at the head of the finishing department. The plant is located at East Forty-fifth Street just north of Superior Avenue. A number of additions to the original plant have been made. The power is supplied entirely by electricity, and at the present writing the company is manufacturing orders booked many months ago. The specialty of the business is the manufacture of fixtures and show cases for drug stores, cigar shops and jewelry stores, together with plate glass show cases finished in marble. and office fittings of a general class. The plant has a large dry kiln where lumber is thorough. ly seasoned. A special correspondent of one of the Cleveland papers recently took occasion to write up this business as one of the old and reliable concerns in the city. A few quotations from the article which appeared at the time will serve to give a further idea of the magnitude and importance of the industry. "Walk into almost any store in Cleveland or in one of the small surrounding towns, a drug store, cigar shop, candy store or jewelry store, and one will find that a great deal of attention has been paid to the seemingly small details of experience. Years ago a small merch'ant was satisfied with almost any kind of counter or old-fashioned show case. Wood was enough then. Now, in addition to many feet of fine oak and birch being used in the construction of artistic counters, shelves, showcases and other fixtures, the Huberty concern also furnishes thnusands of dollars worth of plate glass and marble. All these go into the more modern type of fixtures that tend to make a store up-to-date and prosperous looking. 'While of course wood is cheaper,' said one of the members of the firm, `there has been a big development in the past few years in the plate glass and marble fixtures. We plan and design fixtures to harmonize with individual stores and to harmonize with the surroundings. Years ago a merchant used to be satisfied to spend about eight hundred dollars in fitting up a new store. Now it is the exceptional case where a merchant does not invest anywhere from three thousand to four thousand dollars—and in some cases much more—in fitting up his store before opening it.' "The Hubertys do a great deal of work in Cleveland and in many towns throughout the northeastern part of the state, notably Akron. Canton, Youngstown, Sandusky, Elyria and Ashtabula. In Cleveland the concern has done a great deal of work for the chain of stores operated by the Standard Drug Company. Recently they completed the installation of fixtures in the three stores in the Winton Hotel Building and also the new Prospect Pharmacy, operated by another company, at the Prospect Avenue end of the Taylor Arcade. They have designed and manufactured many fixtures for stores in Ohio not mentioned in this article. Much of their work is in designing new fixtures for stores that are keeping up with the march of progress by remodeling or rebuilding." CHARLES FOX BRANSON is a Cleveland and Ohio business man of many relationships and activities, being perhaps hest known in Cleve- 140 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS land as president of the Short Creek Coal Company, whose offices are in the Guardian Building. Mr. Branson is of a prominent family and one that has been identified with Harrison County, Ohio, from pioneer times. He himself was born on a farm near Cadiz in that county August 13, 1876, and is a son of Lindley M. and Anna M. (Fox) Branson. His mother was born at Colerain in Belmont County, Ohio, daughter of Charles Fox, who was a native of Washington, D. C., and Was reared from boyhood at Wheeling, West Virginia. Charles Fox learned the printer's trade in early life and subsequently settled in Belmont County and later in Harrison County, Ohio, removing to the latter County when Mrs. Anna Branson, his daughter, was two years old. A specially notable ancestor was Josiah Fox, father of Charles Fox and great-grandfather of Charles Fox Branson. Josiah Fox was a native of England and of a prominent Quaker family. He became a ship builder and worked in the great yards at Falmouth, and from there came to America, making his home at different times at Philadelphia, Norfolk, Virginia, and Washington City. He married in Philadelphia. He was an expert ship designer and was employed by the American Government to design some of the historic battleships of our early national era, three of which have a place in every schoolboy's memory. These were the Wasp, Hornet and Constitution. His unusual ability is perhaps most strikingly indicated by the fact that he received as compensation $5,000 a year from the Government, a sum that was reckoned almost a fabulous income in those days. Because he built warships for the American Government he was disowned by the Quaker Church. The paternal grandfather of Charles F. Branson was Abraham Branson, who was born at Winchester, Virginia, and was of an old Virginia Quaker family. His son Lindley M. Branson was born at Kinzie's Mills in Belmont County, Ohio, the oldest of his father's children. In early life he worked his father's flour mill and then had his own mill, but soon found a more congenial and profitable sphere for his services as a wool buyer. He was one of the pioneer wool buyers of Ohio and came to be well known over several states. In early times he bought wool for the Gilberts of Ware, Massachusetts, and later for the Globe Woolen Mills of Utica, New York. Every year he bought between a million and two million pounds of wool, his field of operations being Southeastern Ohio, the Panhandle of West Virginia, and Washington County, Pennsylvania. It was work that required a great. deal of travel, and he did most of it on horse- back. He retired from business affairs about ten years before his death and passed away at his old home in Harrison County, November 8, 1899, at the age of sixty-seven. His widow now spends part of her time at the old homestead and part of it in Cleveland. She is the mother of two sons, Charles F. and Chester A. The latter resides in Harrison County, Ohio, and is one of the most prominent cattle raisers of the state and among Shorthorn cattle men is well known both in Ohio and adjoining states. He was a member of the Agricultural Board of Ohio under Governor Willis. Charles Fox Branson was educated in the public schools of Harrison County, attended Scio College, now out of existence, and Franklin College. After his father's death he was drawn into business affairs in managing the estate, and he also assisted in managing the estate of his grandfather, which included extensive properties in Nebraska, Iowa and Kansas. Thus from an early age his interests have been of a more than local nature. Mr. Branson was instrumental in building and financing the Automatic Home Telephone Company at Pontiac, Illinois, and has continuously been a director of that company. He came to Cleveland in August, 1913, and assisted in promoting and reorganizing the old Cadiz Coal and Mining Company, together with other properties, into the present Short Creek Coal Company, of which he was vice president until February, 1918, and since then has been president. The other officers of the company are: E. B. Thomas, vice president; Ralph Cunningham, treasurer; E. W. Long, secretary ; E. G. Tillotson of Cleveland, W. H. McFarland of Pittsburgh, and H. C. Robinson of Cleveland, directors. The Short Creek Coal Company has its mining properties in Harrison County, Ohio. They built a short railroad, six miles in length, to tap these fields. The road is called Adena, Cadiz & New Athens Railroad, and is now owned and operated by the Wheeling & Lake Erie System. Mr. Branson is a director of the railroad company. The coal company has about 7,000 acres of coal lands in Harrison County, and the resources are developed through two mines. Mr. Branson was formerly president of the old Cadiz Coal & Min- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 141 ing Company, an organization of local farmers in Harrison County. In 1905 the old company was organized, and Mr. Branson and Mr. Thomas became directors; Mr. Branson serving as president of the company. Mr. Branson is a director of the Harrison National Bank of Cadiz, and has been on its hoard of directors since he was twenty-three years old, succeeding his father in that capacity. He also helped organize and, for a number of years was director of the Harrison-Jefferson Telephone Company. He is secretary and treasurer of the Georgetown Coal Company, vice president of the Logan Realty Company, president of the Branson-Fisher Company, and president of the Three Forks Coal Company. He was formerly a trustee of Franklin College. In politics he is a republican, and at the age of twenty-seven was candidate for nomination for the State Senate on that party ticket. Mr. Branson is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, City Club, and was reared a Quaker; is a member of its representative committee, the governing body of that religious organization. Mr. Branson married at New York City, April 30, 1910, Mia; Anna M. Jackson. Mrs. Branson is of an old and prominent New York City family, and is a cultured woman active in social and other woman's movements in Cleveland. She is a daughter of William M. and Anna M. (Davis) Jackson. Her father is president of Edward A. Jackson & Brother of New York City, and minister in the Religious Society of Friends. Mrs. Branson was born in New York City, was educated in a Friends school in New York City and in a seminary on the Hudson River, attended Swarthmore College near Philadelphia, and completed her education at Columbia University, graduating with the Bachelors degree in Domestic Science from Teachers College and Bachelors of Science degree from Columbia College. For a short time she was a domestic science teacher in Mount Vernon, New York. Mrs. Branson is a member of the College Club of Cleveland, Woman's City Club, the New Century Club of Philadelphia, and of the Western Reserve Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution of Cleveland. She was national vice president of the Phi Beta Phi fraternity and formerly vice president of a chapter of the American Home Economic Association. She is a life member of Somerville Literary Society, and while a resident of New York was a manager of the Colored Orphan Asylum of that city. She has long been accustomed to public work and public speaking, and has contributed her talents and services to the success of various public movements. Mr. and Mrs. Branson have one daughter, Anna Florence, born at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. JUDGE WILLIAM HENRY MCGANNON. The Municipal Court of Cleveland. was inaugurated in January, 1912, taking over as a business the jurisdiction of the former police courts, and in the subsequent six years this tribunal has in many ways justified its existence and has attracted attention from other cities on account of the splendid personnel of its judges and the reforms which have been introduced affecting expediency, economy and promptness in the disposal of those thousands of cases which come before it annually and which make the court truly a popular forum of justice. Considering the splendid work of the Municipal Court as a whole, it is an enviable distinction enjoyed by the chief justice, William H. McGannon, who has been the administrative head of the Municipal Bench from the beginning. Judge McGannon had previously served as a police judge, and closed his office in that capacity when the Police Court was abolished on December 31, 1911, and on the following day became head of the new Municipal Court. Judge McGannon is a prominent Cleveland lawyer and has won recognition on the strength of unusual personal abilities and talents. He was born a poor boy in a log house at Reynolds Station, in Lake County, Ohio, October 5, 1870, son of' James and Mary (Coyle) McGannon. His father was a native of Prescott, Ontario, and his mother of Ogdensburg, New York, and they were married at Courtright in Lambton County, Ontario, in 1867. The mother is still living in Cleveland. The father was for twenty-five years in the employ of the Lake Shore Railway, was an expert track man, and was killed while engaged in railway service at Geneva, Ohio, January 26, 1896. At the time his son. Judge ArcGannon. was born he and his wife were living in a log home, and he was filling a contract to furnish wood to the locomotives of the Lake Shore Railroad. There were seven in the family, one of whom died in infancy, and five sons and one daughter are now living: Dr. John A., a dentist at Cleveland ; Judge McGannon; Susan, a teacher in the public schools of Cleveland; 142 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Ambrose L., an attorney at Cleveland ; Dr. Francis J., a Cleveland dentist, and Dr. Albert C., a physician and surgeon at Cleveland. .Judge McGannon and his older brother were born at Reynolds Station, while his sister, Ambrose and F. J. are natives of Conneaut, Ohio, and A. C. was born at Geneva. Judge McGannon's first recollections are associated with the City of Conneaut and later with Geneva, where he attended district schools. In 1885 he began his studies at the Geneva Normal and graduated in 1888, when not eighteen years old. For two years he taught a district school two miles east of Geneva. In July, 1890, he came to Cleveland. He had previously studied shorthand in the Normal at Geneva and, buying a typewriter, he perfected himself in the manipulation of that machine, and after a year was employed as stenographer and assistant bookkeeper in the Taylor & Boggis Foundry Company at Cleveland. He worked hard in that position, and from his earnings was able to satisfy his ambition in 1894 by enrolling as a student in the Western Reserve Law School. He was diligent at his work, and finished his studies in 1897, and was admitted to the bar in the spring of 1898. He soon entered private practice, with offices in the American Trust Building. and all the time he was in practice was without a partner. Under appointment from the late Judge William A. Babcock, he and Judge Frank Stevens served a year as county examiners, and in December, 1905, he was appointed by Sylvester McMahon as assistant county prosecutor. He filled that office and gained thereby much valuable experience from January 1. 1906. to January 1, 1908. In September, 1907, Judge McGannon was nominated and in November elected to the office of police judge, and was one of the last incumbents of that office when it gave way to the Municipal Court system. The Municipal Court of Cleveland was authorized by special act of the Legislature in 1911, and in September. 1911, the first candidates were nominated. Judge McGannon became candidate for chief justice, and was elected in November, and in that capacity had the responsibility of organizing the Municipal Court when it went into operation on January 1, 1912. His first term was for four years, and in 1915 he was re-elected for a term of six years, beginning January 1, 1916. During his early years in Cleveland Judge McGannon spent four years as a member of the Hospital Corps of the Fifth Regiment Na tional Guard. At the declaration of war with Spain he resigned in order to give medical students an opportunity to serve in the Hospital Corps and, furthermore, he had just begun the practice of law. Judge McGannon is a democrat in politics, is a member of the Ohio State Bar Association, has been a trustee of the Cleveland Lodge of Elks, No. 18, for two terms, is affiliated with the Loyal Order of Moose, the Knights of Columbus and the City Club. On October 16, 1900, Judge McGannon married Anna O'Donnell, of Norwalk, Ohio, where she was born and educated, a graduate of the high school and a former student of the Normal School at Chicago. Judge and Mrs. McGannon reside at 1734 East 116th Place. Mrs. McGannon is a daughter of the late John and Mary (Timmons) O'Donnell, representing an old family of Norwalk. Judge McGannon has always taken an interest in athletic sports and outdoor activities, is a baseball fan, and a close follower of the game of football. He himself played three Years as guard on the Western Reserve football Squad. JACOB D. SELZER, father of Judge Charles L. Selzer, was one of the early German settlers of Cleveland, and was long identified with its business and public life. He was born at Franzheim in Bavaria, Germany, May 4. 1836, second of the six children of Jacob and Mary (Damien) Selzer. His father was German while his mother was of French stock. Jacob Selzer had a thorough education in Germany and came to this country when about eighteen years of age, accompanying a cousin. His brother. Daniel. who was a successful merchant at Cleveland, had preceded him. At Cleveland Jacob Selzer found work as clerk in a store, and for about twenty years was traveling salesman representing different Cleveland firms: In 1867 he bought a piece of property which he beautified and developed at the old suburb of Brooklyn Village, and in 1886 engaged in the greenhouse business, a line of effort in which he was peculiarly successful. He was distinguished by his friendships and his valuable service in public affairs. He was an intimate friend of August Thieme, founder of the Waechter and Erie, now the Cleveland Waechter and Anzeiger. Another good friend of his was Governor Jacob Mueller. In 1878-79 Mr. Selzer served as deputy state treasurer CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 143 under Governor Bishop. From 1893 to 1897, during the Forty-eighth, Forty-ninth, Fiftieth and Fifty-first congresses, he was bookkeeper in the House of Representatives. He was also for several years cashier of the United States Internal Revenue Office at Cleveland. For some time he was connected in a business way with W. J. Gordon, who is remembered as the donor of Gordon Park to Cleveland. He was a very intimate friend of Mr. Gordon. Mr. Selzer had a long and useful career, and was in his eighty-third year when he passed away at his home on Archwood Avenue, Southwest, Cleveland, January 23, 1916. In January, 1859, he married Elizabeth Wirth, of Brooklyn, Ohio, who died in 1865, leaving two sons, Charles L. Selzer and Robert E. The latter was drowned in San Francisco Bay in April, 1882. He was a member of the United States Navy on the U. S. S. Corwin. For his second wife Mr. Selzer married Mary Louise Wirth, a sister of his first wife. The only child of this union was George H. Selzer, who was born in 1867, is now located at Coraopolis, Pennsylvania, a member of the firm of Minch & Selzer, who are conducting a furniture business at that place. CHARLES L. SELZER has been a member of the Cuyahoga County Bar for over thirty years. Even before he became a lawyer he was active in local politics and for a number of years was a close follower and lieutenant of the late Tom L. Johnson in Cleveland. When the Municipal Court of Cleveland was established on January 1. 1912. Mr. Selzer was made hailiff of the court in the civil branch and has continued to serve in that capacity ever since. As bailiff he has duties corresponding to those of the county sheriff in the Common Pleas Court, and has large and important department under his jurisdiction with twenty-three deputy bailiffs to perform the orders, executions and other administrative duties of the court. To Mr. Selzer's organizing ability is due much of the service of this department. A native of Cleveland, he was horn October 6. 1859.-a son of Jacob D. and Elizabeth (Wirth) Selzer. His parents arc both deceased. When Charles L. was five years of age they moved from Cleveland to what was then the Village of Brooklyn in Cuyahoga County. In that village Mr. Selzer grew up and acquired his first business and political experience. He attended the public schools until fifteen and was then sent to the West Vol. III—10 High School of Cleveland for two years. It was then decided that he should enter merchandising and for several years he worked as a drug clerk. While in that employment the head of the drug business had a case in court. Mr. Selzer took a very great interest in this case, and after following it through its various phases determined that the profession of law should he his permanent calling rather than that of druggist. To put this purpose into execution he entered the office of the late .John W. Heisley and studied law under that capable director three years. He was admitted to the Ohio bar on June 3, 1886. While carrying on his law studies he also had some experience as a practical newspaper man. In 1883 with H. M. Farnsworth he established The Cuyahogan at Brooklyn, a weekly paper which they built up to a point of large circulation and substantial success. After four years they sold out. On his admission to the bar, Mr. Selzer began the practice of law alone at Cleveland and had soon developed a promising business. On January 1. 1894, he formed a partnership with Echo M. Heisley, son of his former preceptor. The firm of Heisley & Selzer, with offices at 219 Superior Street, continued until the death of Mr. Heisley in 1904. After that Mr. Selzer again practiced alone until 1913, when he was joined by his son, Robert, under the firm name of Selzer & Selzer. This firm still is in existence, with offices in the Illuminating Building and Robert Selzer now has active charge of the practice while his father is in office as bailiff of the Municipal Court. Mr. Selzer was only twenty-one years of age when he was elected village clerk of Brooklyn. That office he filled one term and then for two terms was township clerk of Brooklyn. In 1890 he was elected mayor of the Village of Brooklyn and was the last to hold office while Brooklyn was a separate incorporation. In 1894 the village was annexed to Cleveland. Mr. Selzer also had some military experience. having been commissioned first lieutenant and adjutant of the Fifth Regiment, Ohio National Guard, on January 1. 1884, by Governor Charles Foster. With this regiment he participated in suppressing the Cincinnati riots of that year In 1893 the democratic party nominated him as candidate for the State Senate, but he was defeated with the rest of the ticket in the fall of that year. Mr. Selzer has long been a local leader in the democratic 144 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS party. He was secretary of the democratic county committee of 1884 and was one of the earliest political friends and supporters of Tom Johnson and gave that famous Cleveland mayor his unqualified allegiance until Johnson's death. In 1905 he was elected to the city council from the Sixth Ward and served four years, being defeated for reelection at the same time that Mr. Johnson was defeated for mayor. Mr. Selzer was elected a member of the Seventy-fifth General Assembly in the House of Representatives in 1901 from Cuyahoga County and served during the session of 1902-3. He served on committees of judiciary, county affairs, fees and salaries, prisons and prison reform, and public work. At the time of his election to the Legislature he was a member of the Cleveland City Decennial Board of Equalization and Revision of Real Estate, having been appointed to that position by the city council. In the fall of 1911 Mr. Selzer was a candidate for judge of the Municipal Court, and though defeated he was appointed by the judges of the court as bailiff when the court was organized. November 18, 1886, Mr. Selzer married Miss Ida M. While of Cleveland, daughter of Joseph While. Her father was an old time business man, formerly associated with the Otis Company of Cleveland. Mrs. Selzer was born in Cleveland and grew up on the west side and received her education there. Mr. and Mrs. Selzer have two sons, Robert J., now a lawyer with his father, and Frank C., an automobile salesman. Mr. Selzer is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Chamber of Industry of the West Side, and is a member of the Sycamore Club, the Democratic Club on the West Side. Since 1886 he has been affiliated with Brooklyn Lodge No. 454, Free and Accepted Masons, of which he is past master, and is also a member of Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons, and president of the Brooklyn Masonic Temple Company. He was a charter member and helped organize Riverside Lodge No. 209, Knights of Pythias, but gave up his affiliation with that order several years ago. He and his wife are members of the Third Church of Christ Scientist of Cleveland. With all his active participation in civic affairs and his responsibilities as a public official and lawyer, Mr. Selzer retains and cherishes a hobby for books and good literature; and has surrounded himself in his home with a very complete private library. ROBERT JAY SELZER, member of the firm Selzer & Selzer, attorneys and counsellors in the Leader-News Building, is a son of Charles L. Selzer, judge of the Municipal Court of Cleveland, and formerly senior member of the firm Selzer & Selzer. Robert J. Selzer is a grandson of Jacob D. Selzer, a pioneer Clevelander, whose career is briefly told on other pages. In the old Selzer home in the Village of Brooklyn, now in the City of Cleveland, Robert J. Selzer was born November 28, 1887, a son of Charles L. and Ida M. (While) Selzer. He was liberally educated, at first in the public schools of Cleveland, in the preparatory school at Baldwin University, where he graduated in 1907, and then spent three years in the collegiate department of the University of Michigan and three years in its law department. He graduated LL. B. in June, 1913, and was admitted to the Ohio bar on December 18, 1913. On March 1, 1915, Mr. Selzer was admitted to practice in the Federal courts. In the four years since his admission to the bar he has been associated with his father and has made an enviable record in handling the extensive general practice of this firm. Like his father and grandfather before him Mr. Selzer is an active democrat. He is a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations, of the Colonial Club and the City Club, and is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, his affiliations being with Halcyon Lodge No. 498, Free and Accepted Masons; Webb Chapter No. 14, Royal Arch Masons; Cleveland Council, Royal and Select Masters; Oriental Commandery No. 12, Knights Templar; Al Sirat Grotto No. 17, Lake Erie Consistory, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to the college fraternity Alpha Tau Omega and attends the Second Christian Science Church. Both he and his wife are active members of the Colonial Club and both were members of the entertainment committee in 1916-17. Mr. and Mrs. Selzer reside at 2469 Overlook Road in Cleveland Heights. Mrs. Selzer before her marriage was Marie Leone Sisung, daughter of the late Justin and Eliza Sisiing of Detroit. Mrs. Selzer was born in Monroe, Michigan, and was married at Detroit September 7, 1912. She was educated in the grammar and the Eastern High School at Detroit. Her people were an old French family, originally settling in Monroe, Michigan, but after her father's death the family moved to Detroit. Her uncle, Dr. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 145 Henry Sisung, now occupies the old homestead at Monroe. WILLIAM E. DAVIS, vice president of the Cleveland Construction Company, engineers and contractors, and commissioner of the Department of Public Utilities in the City of Cleveland, is one of the oldest electrical engineers in the world. The career of Mr. Davis, who is only 55 years old, serves to indicate for how very brief a time—less than half a normal lifetime—the world has been accustomed to the practical application of electricity for lighting and other industrial purposes. It was about thirty-five years ago that Mr. Davis began working for the old Edison Electric Light Company. Thomas Edison first began using a crude form of electric light in his laboratory at Goerck Street, New York City, about 1879, and it was only two or three years later that Mr. Davis entered the then virgin field of electrical engineering. While his home for many years has been at Cleveland, and he is counted as one of the city's foremost and most dynamic men of affairs, his work as an electrical engineer has taken him all over the United States, and he has superintended construction of plants and railroads in every part of the country. He was born at Fall River, Massachusetts, March 21, 1862. The fireplace in the old home of his birth stood immediately on the state line between Rhode Island and. Massachusetts. His parents were William Wallace and Lydia Westgate (Borden) Davis. Both were natives of Fall River and both died there in venerable years, the father at eighty-four and the mother at ninety-two. Lydia Borden's mother, Hannah Borden, had a unique distinction in American industry since she is credited with having woven the first cotton cloth by power loom in the western hemisphere. She did that work in a factory owned by her father, Joseph Borden, at Westport. The story of this interesting woman and the beginning of power loom manufacture of cotton cloth in America is interestingly told in a recent issue of Munsey's Magazine. Mr. Davis' father was a master mechanic throughout his active career. In the family were one son and three daughters, and the only daughternow living is a resident of California. William E. Davis was educated in the Fall River public schools, graduating from high school in 1879. Since then he has acquired a great deal of education in the college of experience. The mainspring of his life has been work and more work. Satisfaction has come to him not through the accumulation of money but in keeping his faculties apace with the magnificent development of those industrial lines in which he engaged when a boy. For two years after leaving high school Mr. Davis was employed by the famous yacht building plant of the Herreschoff Manufacturing Company at Bristol, Rhode Island, manufacturers of pleasure yachts, and practically all the national "Cup Defenders" of recent years. From that he entered the employ of the Edison Electric Light Company, and was foreman and superintendent. He spent four years with the United States Navy installing electric light and power plants on naval vessels. Since then his experience has been acquired through an ever-widening field. He first came to Cleveland in 1883. As a contractor he installed twenty-one pumping stations for the Standard Oil Company. In 1888 he built the electric railway at Akron, and in 1889 came to Cleveland and became employed by the Cleveland Construction Company, of which he is now vice president. This is today one of the foremost firms of engineers and contractors in the country. With offices in the Citizens Building the company represents an important organization of electrical, mechanical and civil engineers, and their work in the construction of electric railroads, electric light and power stations is exemplified in plants in perhaps the majority of the States of the Union. Mr. Davis has been a permanent resident of Cleveland since 1897, coming here in his eapacity as superintendent of the Lorain & Cleveland Railway. From 1891 to 1894 his home as an engineer was at Toronto, Canada, and he was in Detroit from 1894 to 1895. Among other business connections Mr. Davis is vice president of the Warren Bicknell Company, is consulting engineer of the Youngstown & Ohio Railway, of the Springfield & Xenia Railway and of the Gary & Southern Railway. He is also a member of the cabinet of Mayor Davis of Cleveland, having been appointed by the mayor on January 1, 1916, for a term of two years as commissioner of light and heat of this city. His term ending January 1, 1918, he was reappointed by Mayor Davis to another term of two years. Mr. Davis is a member of the American In- 146 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS stitute of Electrical Engineers, of the Electric League, the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Tippecanoe Club. the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the West Side Chamber of Industry, and he is a thirty-second degree Mason and historian of the jubilee class of the Lake Erie Consistory. He is also a Knight of Pythias and socially is a member of the Clifton Club, the Dover Bay Country Club, the New England Society and the Canadian Club. February 20, 1892. at Toronto, Ontario. he married Miss Meta Gallon, of Toronto. Her father, James Gallon, was at one time high sheriff of the Dominion of Canada. Mrs. Davis was horn at Lindsey, Ontario. They have three children: Ruth, now a student in Smith College in Massachusetts; Louise, in Lakewood High School. and William, who is five years old. JUDGE WILLIAM B. NEFF came to Cleveland to practice law in 1876, and fourteen years later was called from a large and substantial law practice to public office. For almost twenty years he has been a judge of the Common Pleas Court of Cuyahoga County. He was horn at Winchester. Preble County, Ohio, April 30, 1851, a son of Cornelius and Eliza J. (Reinhart) Neff. the former a native of Ohio and the latter of Virginia. The parents were married in Germantown, Ohio. During the Civil war the father became captain of Company H of the Fifty-Fourth Ohio Infantry and saw three years of gallant and active service in the army. He was twice wounded. first at the battle of Dallas in the Atlanta campaign and again in the charge upon Fort McAllister. He was with Sherman on the march to the sea. Captain Neff died at Cleveland July 2, 1896. at the age of seventy-one. and his wife passed away in that city February 20, 1905. aged seventy-nine. They had two sons. William B. and 0. L. Neff. the latter a well-known Cleveland lawyer now practicing with offices in the American Trust Building. Judge Neff spent the first fifteen years of his life at Winchester. his native town. and then removed with his parents to Van Wert, Ohio. He had a college education in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. but left that school in his senior year to begin the study of law in the office of Alexander & Saltzgaber at Van Wert. He read law with them two years and finished his course in the Cincinnati Law School, graduating LL. B. in 1876. He was admitted to the Ohio bar the same year and in May came to Cleveland, forming a partnership with his brother, 0. L. Neff, under the name Neff & Neff. This firm enjoyed a steadily accumulating legal business until the fall of 1890, when William B. Neff was elected prosecuting attorney of Cuyahoga County. He was elected for two terms of three years each, but resigned the office in the fall of 1895 upon his election to the bench of the Cuyahoga Court of Common Pleas. He was on the Common Pleas bench for ten years, two terms, and at the conclusion of the second term in 1905 he spent a year traveling in Europe with his family. On his return to Cleveland he resumed private practice, but in 1908 was again elected to the Common Pleas bench and was honored with his fourth term in that court in 1914. He still has two years to serve. Judge Neff had the distinction of being selected to preside over the first exclusive divorce court in Cuyahoga County. June 22, 1876. in Greenfield: Ohio. he married Miss Elizabeth Hyer. Mrs. Neff is a graduate of the Ohio Wesleyan University, and has long been prominent in social affairs in Ohio and also in literary circles. She is the author of several books and has contributed many articles from her pen to magazines and other periodicals and is still engaged in writing. She has been a member of the Press Club of Cleveland many years, was for five years president of the Board of Managers of the Central Friendly Inn and has given much of her time to teaching and training boys and girls in matters of practical education and household science. She has delivered many lectures on these subjects. Mrs. Neff is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. Mr. and Mrs. Neff are members of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and he also belongs to Brooklyn Lodge of Masons and the Ohio State Bar Association. They have two children : Horace Neff. an attorney at Cleveland with offices in the Illuminating Building, and Amy C. Burrows, who lives in Cleveland Heights. ELIZABETTT HYFR NEFF. wife of Judge William B. Neff. of the Cuyahoga County Court of Common Pleas, is widely known in Cleveland literary and social circles, is the author of two novels and of a number of magazine articles, but is above all else a woman of the home, and her literary activities are always nut secondary to the demands of the two bright grandchildren who are the conspicuous CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 147 attractions of her home at Tynewald, Gates Mills. Elizabeth Hyer was born at Greenfield, Ohio, daughter of Jacob and Amanda C. (Sayer) Hyer. Mrs. Neff completed lice education in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. For many years she has been interested in social settlement work, and is chairman of the board and a director of the Friendly Inn in the Haymarket District of Cleveland. She also favors woman suffrage. As an author her two principal titles are "Altars to Mammon," published in 1908; and "Miss Wealthy, Deputy Sheriff," published in 1912. Many other readers know her through various articles contributed to Century, Everybody's and McClure's magazines. JANE EELLIOTT SNOW. America has been a nation of workers. Work as defined in material results has been uppermost, while work as expressed in experience and life had few interpreters. To act, rather than to live, has been an accepted ideal, and the riches of human experience have been heavily discounted against the stupendous task of clearing forests, building roads and uplifting the complex fabric of our material civilization. Right now the giant of American moral and physical power is meeting its supreme test, and no one doubts it will prove worthy of its task. Already many who have long been "lantern bearers" of the finer idealism foresee in the "after the war period" the dawn of a more complete and wholesome adjustment of the relative values of life and a better ordering of its social and spiritual standards. In this new awakening, which cannot long be delayed, will come a real appreciation of those who, under earlier and less hospitable conditions, strove so earnestly and with the spirit of pioneers to live the lives that were theirs and possess themselves and their fellow beings of the privileges that are implicit in life itself more than in its material circumstances. It is for what she has done in this role that many now, and more in coming years, appreciate and admire Mrs. Jane Elliott Snow, one of Cleveland's most highly esteemed women. Mrs. Snow has been a prominent figure in Cleveland's literary, social and woman's affairs for over a generation. Thousands in Cleveland have heard her lecture and in other ways have come within the range of her cultural and uplifting influence, while many other thousands here and elsewhere have read her writings in the public press, magazines and books. The story of the larger interests of her life has been well told by Mrs. Snow herself in some memoirs she prepared two or three years ago. While the story must be greatly condensed for this publication, its seems appropriate to quote the introduction to those memoirs: "These memoirs are written at the urgent request of friends. They were not asked to be written, nor are they written, because I am great, or have ever been great; or are they written because I have been the center of a high social circle and associated with great people; they are written solely because I have lived long and have seen many changes. "My life has covered the period of great epoch making inventions and discoveries; it has covered the period when spinning, weaving and other industries were taken out of the home, where they were done by hand, and into factories where they are done by machinery. "During the first two decades and more of my life, wood was used for heating, and candles for lighting the homes. In farming communities (and half of my life was spent there) the roads were poor and the farm wagon was the nearest to a pleasure carriage that most people owned. "My memory goes back to a period antedating the Civil War by a number of years. I remember well the bitter controversy over slavery that was often heard in our local community. With other mothers, sisters and daughters, I felt the woes, the grief that came into the homes because of the suffering and loss of loved ones in the mighty conflict. I have witnessed the astonishment and mourning and heard the wail of a great people over the martyrdom of three sainted persidents. "I have sorrowed much, and have enjoyed much of life, and now as the shadows begin to fall, and my steps go down nearer and nearer to the final end, .I try to recall only the pleasant things in life, and to hope that 'He, who doeth all things well, will pardon my offenses and at last take me to himself." It was on a farm in North Royalton, Ohio, more than eighty-one years ago, on June 14, 1837, that Jane Elliott was born, a daughter of Richard S. and Elizabeth (Coates) Elliott. Her own life and her ancestors have always been part of that Americanism which has been steadiest and most steadfast in its patriotism. Her great-grandfather on her mother's side was John Coates, who was born in Yorkshire, England, about 1740, and was a man of 148 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS means, in early life something of a sportman, but later transferred his interests to books and was especially fond of Shakespeare. His republican principles and admiration for Washington brought him to this country early in the nineteenth century, and with his family he first settled in Geneseo, New York, and thirteen years later came to North Royalton, Ohio, where he bought over 3,000 acres of land. His children and grandchildren were each given a farm. He lived to a great age, dying in 1832. His elder son, Mrs. Snow's grandfather, was a graduate of Oxford University. In the paternal line Mrs. Snow is seventh in direct descent from John Eliot, known to every American school child as the "Apostle to the Indians." He arrived at Boston November 4, 1631, and gave the greater part of his active life to the salvation of the Indians. All his three sons became ministers, and Mrs. Snow is descended through his second son, Joseph, who settled at Guilford, Connecticut. Her grandfather, Reuben Elliott, was judge of the Probate Court of Guilford. Mrs. Snow was one of five children, Cornelia, Nelson, Reuben, Jane and Eugene. Eugene was only one year old when her mother died. Her father married for his second wife Polly Alger. Some of the earliest impressions upon Mrs. Snow's life were made outside of her home by religious meetings and the discussions over temperance and slavery. On Sundays she and the other children were carefully dressed and taken to a church some three miles distant. Occasionally Mr. James A. Garfield, then a student at Hiram College, and others of his classmates, came there to preach. "As there were two schools of churches in the town, one Calvanist, the other Free Will Baptist, the question of the future state of the soul was a never ending theme of discussion. It was not unusual to see groups of men standing outside of the schoolhouse during recess at religious meetings, and I learned as I grew older that they were discussing the question whether or not a man could work out his own salvation." But for all the differences among the people in religious doctrines Mrs. Snow states that all of them were opposed to slavery and were loyal to the Government and Flag. It is necessary to pass over many of the incidents she relates of her childhood, though all of them reflect somewhat of the life and condition of society of that generation. In describing her school life she confesses that she can remember no time when she could not read. But she had some severe struggles with arithmetic and old Kirkham's grammar. "The English Reader and Rhetorical Reader were used in the country schools until my twelfth year. Think of a child of ten or twelve years reading 'The Eloquence of Bourdalou,' the 'Essays of Blair and Addison,' 'Hume's Queen Elizabeth,' or a translation into the vernacular of 'Cicero against Verres.' The Arabian Nights had a particular fascination for me, and I often amused my schoolmates by telling them the weird stories therein recorded. I very early acquired some knowledge of astronomy by studying a simple picture book in which the earth was represented with the sun, moon and stars around it. When the system of teaching geography by the singing method was introduced, and that study became a pleasing diversion for most of the pupils, and the principal countries, their extent, their capitals and chief cities, mountains, lakes and rivers, were soon familiar objects to all. "The old school house where I first attended school was a one-room building with the exception of a closet and an 'entry.' A desk with a seat in front of it extended around three sides of the room. Several outline maps hung on the walls, and there was a very good blackboard. Boys much older than schoolboys now are attending the winter terms, the reason perhaps being that there was really nothing else for them to do, except to cut firewood or do the farm chores. "The Sunday School played no small part in the education of children, also 'grown ups' along scriptural lines. We were expected to memorize verses from the New Testament, and some of those lessons became so well fixed in my mind that I have never forgotten them." During her thirteenth year she attended the old Brooklyn Academy under Rev. Mr. Madison, whom she describes as a most excellent man, the soul of kindness, and a capable teacher of all the branches taught at such schools. During 1852-53 she lived in the family of her uncle on Detroit Avenue in Cleveland and attended Miss Guilford's Academy for Young Ladies, located at the intersection of Prospect and Huron street, near East 9th Street. One incident of that school term was hearing the Hungarian patriot Kossuth address the people during his American visit. Outside of these rare occasions and the instruction and culture afforded by the school itself there was little in the city at that time that CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 149 was educational. There were no historical rooms, no parks, only one or two railways, and in the harbor a few sailing vessels and small steamers. West of the river was Ohio City, a real city, but not so noted as Brooklyn Village three miles away. During the years 1854-55 Mrs. Snow taught three terms of school in country districts. Her first term was at Parma township, in the same neighborhood where she afterwards lived for twenty-eight years as the wife of Mr. W. C. Snow. She received five dollars a month and board among families that sent their children to the school. Though this salary was meager she explains that the purchasing power of money was much greater than in modern times, and a single month's wages was able to furnish her a surprising equipment of clothes and other finery. She was married January 31, 1854, to Mr. Snow and they began housekeeping in the home of his parents and in the home where they continued to live for twenty-eight years. On that farm were born their children : Frank H., Addie May, Bertha S., and Albert W. She thus describes her experiences as a mother: "We were not so far from a physician as distance is reckoned now, but three miles of mud road on cold and stormy days was quite a distance, especially when there is no way to travel over it but on foot or on horseback. As a result, in all lighter cases of illness home remedies were resorted to. Teas of saffron, camomile and other simples were given when the baby showed signs of colic, and borax and honey were used in eases of sore month. My children had most of the baby diseases, such as mumps, measles and whooping cough, but I never had any experience with diphtheria or scarlet fever. I learned from a good German neighbor, Mrs. Philip Klein, that if babies are kept clean, warm and well fed they are very little trouble. As the children grew up they attended the district school, which in our case was nearby, so they could come home for dinner." Her son Frank at the age of fourteen entered Berea College, now Baldwin University, eight miles away, coming home every week end. Later he attended Oberlin College. While assisting the local firemen drag the apparatus through the streets in severe weather he took a cold from which he did not recover until in the early '80s, when he went West and worked during the winter shoveling snow on the Northern Pacific Railway. In the spring he returned home with health fully restored. He taught school a number of years, did clerical work, and died in 1905, leaving a wife, whose maiden name was Clara J. Fitch, of Olmstead, a former teacher, and five sons, Rollo, Clifton, William, Adelbert and Warren. These grandsons of Mrs. Snow are all living in Cleveland. Her daughter Addie attended high school at Olmstead. She died in 1909. Her daughter Bertha attended Mr. Treat's school at Brighton also the West High School in Cleveland, was a teacher in country schools for several terms, and then became the wife of Charles W. Brainerd, vice president of the National Screw and Tack Company. Mr. and Mrs. Brainerd have two daughters, Eva and Genevieve, both graduates from the College for Women. Eva married C. M. Lemperly, advertising manager for the Sherwin-Williams Company, and their son Charles Loring is a great-grandson of Mrs. Snow. Genevieve married A. D. Taylor, a landscape artist of Cleveland, Ohio. Albert W. Snow was educated in public school and business college and is a dry goods merchant of Cleveland. He married Julia A. Valkopf and has two children, Chester and Irving. As so many people know Mrs. Snow as a literary woman there is corresponding interest in that chapter of her career which tells how and what she read. "As a young girl I read a great deal of worthless fiction. This habit was a mortification to me because I could not converse intelligently about anything I had read; the reason no doubt being that I read nothing worthy of talking about. "At last the great state of Ohio came to my rescue. Soon after my marriage the state sent a small library of about two hundred volumes into every township within its boundaries. In this library were such books as Plutarch's Lives, Strickland's Lives of Queens. Abbott's Histories, and a number of books on Natural Science. The books were for some months in my immediate neighborhood, and being a young housekeeper with but little to do. I soon read them all. and from that time to the present I have had no taste for worthless fiction. Of course I read fiction—a little every year—hut always the best. "After I had exhausted the library I began to look about for more books of like character. Every nerson T knew who had a good book was willing to lend it to me because I always took good care of a book and returned it at the proper time. Among the books obtained