250 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the late Mr. Savage. Mrs. Counts is an active member of the Woman's Club and the Fortnightly Club of Cleveland. CLARENCE E. TERRILL, a resident of Cleveland since 1905, has been chiefly conspicuous in connection with real estate interests, and especially as the local representative of the varied real estate properties of John D. Rockefeller. Mr. Terrill brought with him to Cleveland a varied and extensive business experience. He was born in Broome County, New York, April 14, 1862, a son of Eugene W. and Clara L. (McClure) Terrill. His father was born in Chenango County, New York, in 1831, spent his active life as a farmer, and the mother was born in Broome County, New York, in 1841 and died in 1897. The Terrills were an old Connecticut family, and one branch of them became pioneers in New York State. On, the mother's side the McClures came from Scotland and were among the earliest settlers of Broome County, New York. Clarence Terrill after getting his education in the public schools entered a printing office in his native county, but that experience was brief. After a year he went to work for Sturtevant-Larrabee Company, carriage manufacturers, at Binghampton, New York. He was with that firm there about twenty-three years and made a record of capable handling of increasing responsibilities. On coming to Cleveland in April, 1905, Mr. Terrill became manager of the Abeyton Realty Company. This company was discontinued in 1917. Mr. Terrill was made personal representative of John D. Rockefeller, .Jr., and has offices in the Rockefeller Building, of which building he is manager. He is also treasurer of the Loomis Sielaff Company, treasurer and assistant manager of the Cleveland Steel Company and director in several corporations. In a civic and social, as well as in a business way, he has become well known in Cleveland affairs. He is an active member and has served as elder and Sunday School superintendent of the Windermere Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a democrat. In 1855 he married Miss Delia R. Spenser. They have a daughter, Nina B., who is a graduate of Western Reserve University and Columbia University. FRED C. HAFEMEISTER. Solid business enterprises are seldom developed unless practical experience is brought into play. The orists may sometimes accomplish vague results, but in the manufacturing field, particularly in modern days, when electricity has become so great a factor, business success rests largely upon thorough efficiency brought to perfect skill through practical experience. Hand linked with brain have brought to light unbelievable wonders in the field of manufacture in the Twentieth Century, and Cleveland may justly lay claim to a large percentage of manufacturing prosperity, one of her most flourishing enterprises being the Cleveland Switchboard Company, the founder, president and treasurer of which is Fred C. Hafemeister. Fred C. Hafemeister was born at Potsdam, Germany, February 12, 1867, and bears his father's name. In 1873 he accompanied his parents to America and they located at Cleveland, and here he attended the public schools until the age of fourteen years. Being of a mechanical bent, when his school days were over he went to work at heating rivets in the Novelty Iron Works, but during the two years he remained there he learned many other things, and when he went to the plant of the Lake Erie Iron Works he gained still further knowledge in the manufacturing line, although his task was cutting threads and bolts. He remained there until 1881 and then became an employe of the Brush Electric Company as a bobbin winder. Here he seized every opportunity to learn manufacturing details and proved such a faithful, intelligent and ambitious employe that he was promoted step by step and became foreman of the arc light department. In 1892 Mr. Hafemeister determined to embark in business for himself, and therefore resigned his position as foreman and organized the Hafemeister Electric Machine Company, which he conducted until 1896, when he sold out. In the same year he became superintendent of the Electric Supply Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, where he continued until 1900, when he resigned in order to give his entire attention to an enterprise of his own, in that year founding the Cleveland Switchboard Company, which in a comparatively short time was developed into a prosperous enterprise and at present is one that has trade centers all over the world. Mr. Hafemeister fills the important offices in the company mentioned above, Mrs. L. L. Norman is vice president and F. F. Hafemeister is secretary. It is interesting to note the contrast afforded by a look backward, when the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 251 plant was operated by six men, to its output in 1917, when fifty skilled workmen are now given employment. The business has grown with such rapidity that the company has found difficulty in securing material at times. They manufacture panel boards and switchboards for power and light purposes and they ship to all parts of the world. The children of Mr. Hafemeister are: Mrs. Emil Bliehal ; Fred F. who is superintendent of the Cleveland Switchboard Company ; Mrs. Hugo Fickel: William, superintendent of the iron box department of the Cleveland Switchboard Company ; and harry, employed in the plant as shipping clerk. In politics Mr. Hafemeister is a republican. He has never sought political honors, his tastes lying in a different direction, where he has had a multiplicity of duties, but he has always been known as a generous and public-spirited citizen and a ready supporter of both local and country-wide benevolent movements. He belongs to the Cleveland Electrical League and also to the Cleveland Automobile Club. He stands today as one of Cleveland's reputable representative business men. JOHN F. PANKHURST. Before the recent revival in ship building activities consequent upon the conditions imposed by the great world war, Cleveland at one time possessed the second largest ship building yards in America. These were the Globe Iron Works, and with that monumental industry the name of the late John F. Pankhurst is associated as the man who supplied much of the genius, technical knowledge and administrative energy responsible for its success and growth. For years he was one of the most conspicuous figures at Cleveland's industries. He was born at Cleveland, March 28, 1830, a son of J. J. and Sarah Pankhurst, natives of England. His father was at one time a Cleveland carpenter, and later was owner of considerable local real estate. John F. Pankburst had rather limited opportunities as a youth. He attended public school until seventeen and as the bent of his inclinations and abilities was largely mechanical he used all his spare time possible to perfect himself in engineering and mechanics, most of his advantages being secured by private study. In the early '60s he was assistant engineer on a lake 'steamer under Capt. George P. McKay, who afterwards was manager of a feet of vessels owned by M. A. Hanna & Com pany. His ambition to become a marine engineer was diverted because of other larger opportunities that opened before him. In 1865 he became a partner in the firm of Wallace, Pankhurst & Company, who opened a machine shop on the cast side of the river. This firm three years later bought the Globe Iron Works, which had been conducted as a copartnership from 1853. Under the new management the Globe Iron Works had a steady and rapid progress. The business was incorporated in 1886 with a capital of half a million dollars and H. M. Hanna as president, J. F. Pankhurst as vice president and general manager, and Luther Allen as secretary and treasurer. For thirty years Mr. Pankhurst was connected with the lake carrying trade, and was the guiding spirit of the Globe Iron Works Coinpany, operating the most extensive ship building interests in the United States except the famous Cramp yards at Philadelphia. The Cleveland Dry Dock Company was an allied business in which Mr. Pankhurst also figured prominently. More than any other enterprise the Globe Iron Works Company gave to Cleveland its proud prestige as a ship building center. The output of the Globe Iron Works comprise all classes of vessels for the Great Lakes service, including a large number of lighthouse tenders and revenue cutters for the Government, many of the finest types of steel ore carriers, and also such magnificent passenger boats as the Northland and the Northwest. Mr. Pankhurst also was A vice president of Forest City Savings Bank, and had many large and vital interests in his home city. He was a member of the Chamber of Commerce, and served on its committee of one hundred for the encouragement of local industries. He was a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, a Shriner, a vestryman of St. John's Episcopal Church, and in polities always a steadfast republican. July 28, 1856, Mr. Pankhurst married Miss Marie Coates. daughter of Matthew and Charlotte Coates, who came from England and were early settlers of Cleveland. The only one of the three children of .John Pankhurst now living is Abigail M., wife of Prince Alexis Georgevitch, formerly of Serbia. He is now a refugee and for the present he and his wife reside in Paris. Their only child. Harriette, married for her first husband. Count Alexander Mercati, of Athens, Greece. They were divorced some years ago, and for her second husband she married Baron Emerich de Pflügel, now a cavalry officer in the Austrian 252 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS army, For a number of years another member of the household of Mr. Pankhurst until her marriage was his niece Mrs. John T. Bourke, wife of John T. Bourke, a resident of Lakewood. JOHN T. BOURKE. Among the many thousands who get their news of politics and their opinions on political matters from the Cleveland News and the Cleveland Sunday Leader an increasing number are coming to reoognize the style and the force and conviction of the correspondence and editorial messages of which John T. Bourke is author, and because of the diction and the informative way with which he treats every subject it is not necessary for these readers to ask who wrote the particular article or passage in question. His present enviable place of leadership among the political writers and correspondence in Ohio is one of the results of almost an active lifetime spent in the newspaper profession. For over thirty-five years he has been identified with the Cleveland Leader. Curiously enough Mr. Bourke was trained for the engineering profession, but after a brief experience he gave that up to follow the more fascinating and even more difficult task of ascertaining levels, tangents and approximations in politics and the other complicated subjects with which a newspaper man has to deal. Mr. Bourke was born at Susquehanna, Pennsylvania, August 6, 1858, son of Thomas H. and Jane Barlow (McCabe) Bourke. His grandfather John Bourke was a native of Ireland, an officer in the English army in early life, and later was commander of the barracks at Savannah La Mar, going to Jamaica when Lord Sligo was made governor general of the island. In the early '40s John Bourke came to America, locating at Jersey City, New Jersey, where he died. Thomas H. Bourke was born in Ireland, but grew up at Jersey City, New Jersey, where he learned the trade of machinist. For a time he was employed in the navy yards at Washington, D. C. Two of his younger brothers were soldiers in the Civil war. He was fourteen years of age when his parents left Jamaica and came to the United States. In 1872 Thomas H. Bourke moved to Ohio, locating at Youngstown, and in 1881 came to Cleveland, where he died in 1895. In Cleveland he established a machine shop and continued in that business the rest of his active life. His wife died in Jersey City, and both now rest in the Riverside Cemetery at Cleveland. In their family were two children, John T. and Emeline, the latter now Mrs. Emeline De Witt Vreeland, of Jersey City; New Jersey. John T. Bourke attended private schools in the East, the Rayen School at Youngstown, Ohio, where he graduated with the class of 1875, and from there entered Lehigh University at South Bethlehem, Pennsylvania. He took four years of the regular five years mining engineering course. He was active in college affairs, played on the old Lehigh football team under the days of Rugby rules, and was on the rush lines. He also belonged to the Delta Beta Phi fraternity and is now an associate member of the Alumni Association of Lehigh. With the close of his college career Mr. Bourke came to Cleveland and for a year was a draftsman in his father's machine shop. He gained his first practical newspaper experience in Denver, Colorado, where in 1884 he was taken on to the staff of the Denver Tribune as sporting editor. About a year later this paper was sold and in absence of a congenial birth in journalism he renewed his acquaintance with engineering, and became a member of the civil engineering staff of the Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railway in Western Nebraska and Northwestern Kansas and Colorado. He was employed in doing some of the preliminary work and finally held the post of assistant division engineer on construction. In October, 1885, he returned to Cleveland and doubtless marked it a red letter day in his calendar when he was offered a position on the Cleveland Leader. Since then he has been successively reporter, night city editor, city editor and political editor. He was made city editor of the Leader in 1902 and since 1905 has been assigned the work of political editor, and has covered all the legislative correspondence since that year. When the Cleveland Weekday Leader was sold to the Cleveland Plain Dealer in September, 1917, he became political editor of the News and the Sunday Leader. Only a few of the veterans can equal in experience and the intimate associations of Mr. Bourke with politics and politicians not only in Ohio but over the nation. For twelve years he has reported the legislative work for the Cleveland Leader. For three years he was president of the Legislative Correspondents Association. During the Bull Moose movement of 1912 he was sent all over Ohio to get the sentiment of the people for Roose- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 253 velt. In his newspaper work he has traveled all over the United States, and since 1908 has attended all the republican, democratic and progressive national conventions. He is himself a republican in political views. While a newspaper man has little opportunity to serve in public office Mr. Bourke had the distinction of being one of the first three men appointed under the new municipal civil service law to constitute the first Cleveland Civil Service Commission. His associates were S. H. Holding and M. P. Mooney. He was on that commission from 1911 to 1914. The appointment was made under Mayor Baehr and he continued during one year of the administration of Mayor Newton D. Baker. Mr. Bourke is a member of Meridian Lodge, the Daylight Lodge of Masons, and Webb Chapter Royal Arch Masons. He and his wife are active members of the Church of the Ascension Protestant Episcopal in Lakewood. On January 14, 1893, at Marshfield, Wisconsin, Mr. Bourke married Miss Charlotte Frances Johnson, daughter of Henry and Lucy (Coates) Johnson, both now deceased. Her parents both lived in Cleveland before their marriage, and at Marshfield, Wisconsin, her father was a farmer and in the timber business. He died at Lindsay, Wisconsin, in 1915. Her mother died at Clintonville, Wisconsin when Mrs. Bourke was a small girl. Her mother's sister, Marie Coates, married John F. Pankhurst, who died at Cleveland about twenty years ago and is remembered as the first park commissioner of the city. Mrs. Pankhurst's only daughter now living is Princess Kara-Georgevitch of Serbia. She is a cousin of Mrs. Bourke who after the death of her mother grew up in the home of her uncle John F. Pankhurst. She was born at De Pierre, Wisconsin, but acquired all her education in Cleveland. Mrs. Bourke has been prominent in church and various other organizations at Cleveland, is a section president of the Needlework Guild of America, has been very active in the Animal Protective League and for a number of years was president of the Woman's Guild of the Church of Ascension in Lakewood. ALBERT H. HOMANS is one of the men responsible for building up one of the distinctive industries of Cleveland. He is a man of thorough technical education and training and was for several years employed as a chemist before he entered business for himself. In December, 1913, Mr. Homans and H. O. Gibson established the Gibson-Homans Company. Their object was to manufacture paints and roofing specialties for the jobbing trade, especially for such firms as did not care to or were not large enough to maintain manufacturing plants of their own. The growth of the business has more than justified the expectations of the founders. The first year their output was a million pounds, and it has increased rapidly since then, the product manufactured in 1917 aggregating 8,000,000 pounds. The firm now supplies some of the largest jobbers in the United States with paints and roofing specialties, and the product is manufactured and distributed under labels and the names of the jobbing customers. At first Mr. Homans and Mr. Gibson had only five employes in their factory, and they have more than doubled their floor space and today have twenty-two workers in the factory department and nine in the office: Mr. Homans is president of the company and H. O. Gibson secretary and treasurer. Mr. Homans was born at Cleveland November 4, 1879, was educated in the public schools and on graduating from high school in 1897 was awarded a scholarship for his high standing in his classes. He then entered the Case School of Applied Science, took the degree Bachelor of Science in 1901 and did post-graduate work in chemistry in 1904, being awarded the degree Master of Science. On leaving college in 1901 he entered the service of the Standard Oil Company as chemist at Works No. 1. A year later he became connected with the Glidden Varnish Company, and was employed in their research department for two years. He was next assistant superintendent of the paint department of the Atlantic Refining Company, and continued with that firm until he withdrew to utilize his experience in a business of his own. Mr. Homans is independent in politics. At Cleveland, June 8, 1906, he married Miss Edith E. Chase. They have five children, Ruth, Herbert, George John, Grace and Alan, the three older now sEVAents in the public schools. EVA LEAH JAFFA. Never before in the world's history have so many unusual demands been made upon women, and the scope of woman's professions and industrial opportunities is rapidly widening, and even when 254 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the present world crisis is passed, it seems that woman will never again be restricted to the narrow spheres so long accorded by tradition. The law has been open to women attorneys for a number of years, and it is the special distinction of Eva Leah Jaffa that she is the youngest practicing woman attorney in Cleveland. Probably another distinction of even larger application is the fact that with the graduation of her sister, Mariam Jaffa, from the Cleveland Law School in June, 1918, they became the only two sisters practicing law in Ohio, and it is possible that they are the only two sisters practicing law in the United States. Miss Jaffa was born in Cleveland, a daughter of Meyer Chester and Sarah (Kaufman) Jaffa. Miss Jaffa is one of ten children, five sons and five daughters, all living. She was educated in the local schools, graduated in 1908 from Mayflower School, from Lincoln High School in 1912, and from there entered the Cleveland Law School of Baldwin-Wallace College. She was one of the honor students of her class and received the degree Bachelor of Laws cum laude in 1915. On the first of July in the same year she was admitted to the Ohio bar, and at once began practice and has already built up a splendid clientage and has proved her ability as a counsellor and advocate. Her offices are in the Engineers Building, and she lives with the family at 2940 Scranton Road. Miss Jaffa is a member of the Ladies of the Maccabees in Cleveland, the Woman's City Club, the Wage Earners' League, and is a member of the Hadassah. JACOB W. SCHMITT. The memory which a grateful community bestows upon its good and faithful public servants should be maintained by enduring fame in the case of the late Jacob W. Schmitt. Long before Cleveland attained to the dignity of a metropolitan police force Jacob W. Schmitt was performing the services of what would now correspond to patrolman. He steadily rose by promotion until he was made superintendent of police, and that office he held for a longer period than any other police superintendent in the United States. Such a service is inevitably significant of individual integrity and that courage, fearlessness and efficiency which make the ideal officer of law and order. Jacob W. Schmitt was born in Mannheim, Baden, Germany, February 23, 1827, a son of Joseph Schmitt. He grew up and married there and soon afterward became identified with the revolutionary uprisings which culminated in the German revolution of 1848, as a result of which thousands of the finest type of Germans were expatriated and sought an asylum and refuge in the United States. Thus it was that Jacob W. Schmitt represented that German colonization in America of which such men as Carl Schurz was a conspicuous leader. After landing in New York he came to Cleveland, and passing over the first few years of his residence in the city he was appointed a policeman in 1857. In 1865 he was made city marshal. The next year the Metropolitan police system was introduced and he was appointed chief of the detective force. At that time Sam Furnall was captain of police and acting superintendent. Col. John Frazee succeeded Furnall and was in turn succeeded by Tom McKinstry. The next superintendent was Major Williston, then Mayor l'elton was elected head of the city government and appointed Jacob W. Schmitt as superintendent. That office he continued to fill for over a quarter of a century. Superintendent Schmitt was probably better known and more highly respected than any other one man in Cleveland in his day. He became identified with public affairs when Cleveland was a village, and he possessed that genius for increasing efficiency and usefulness as the community around him grew and developed into a great city. On June 12, 1893, announcement was made that Superintendent Schmitt would resign the first of the following July. Eight days later he handed Director Pohner his resignation to take effect at once. The first announcement of his retirement contained the expression that "The rumors of the Superintendent's proposed action, like Patti's farewell concert and the positively last American tours, have ceased to attract much attention, but this time it is authentic." It so happened that Madam Patti was in Cleveland at the time the veteran official passed away. He did not survive his resignation many weeks, passing away December 16, 1893. Superintendent Schmitt's career was remarkably free from exciting episodes. There were men on the force not half his age whose work was punctuated with many incidents that got into the newspapers in the headlines. Superintendent Schmitt's work as superintendent was characterized by that steady, quiet and resourceful energy and fear- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 255 lessness which give quality and energy to a disciplined body of men, but which in themselves seldom attract attention. After his retirement from the force he spent some time at Mount Clemens, Michigan, for his health, but returned to Cleveland late in the summer. When death came to him the entire body of Cleveland's citizens paused and gave a tribute of respect to his work as well as to his character. A bright new flag was placed at half mast on the flag staff on the public square. Mr. Schmitt was the oldest public official in point of continuous service Cleveland ever had. He had been doing his work thirty-six years. Every one connected with the city government had only good words for his memory, and at the time of his death there were officers who as boys had remembered Policeman Schmitt with his gray cap and overcoat and long cane. Of the hundreds of patrolmen who had been in service under him not one could he found to speak aught but kindly of their former chief. At the time of his death he left a widow and five children. He had married in his native land Miss Antonetta Reutlinger. She was born in Germany and came to the United States with her husband. Her people were of the German nobility. Her death occurred in Cleveland February 3, 1903, at the age of seventy-six. The children of Superintendent Schmitt were: Conrad P., who died in April, 1909; Theodore; Carl F.; Mrs. Phillip Decumbe and Mrs. William Boehmke, all of whom reside in Cleveland. J. WILLIAM DECUMBE, counsellor at law, with offices in the Williamson Building, is a native of Cleveland, but spent his earlier professional career in Boston where he was quite active and prominent in politics. He was born February 2, 1885, a son of Philip and Emilie (Schmitt) DeCumbe. His parents are also natives of Cleveland. His grandfather John DeCumbe was the youngest son of Seignor Marquis of Orleans, who was banished from France in 1790 and went to Alsace Lorraine in Southern Germany, where John DeCumbe was born. John DeCumbe came with a party of Frenchmen to the United States, landing in New Orleans, coming north by way of St. Louis to Cleveland. He lived in this city many years, and died September 23, 1882, while on a train returning from a tour of Europe, where he had been on a visit and for the purpose of recuperating his health. His wife died at Cleve- Vol III-17 land in 1898. Three of their children are still living, one of them being Mr. Philip DeCumbe. Philip DeCumbe was educated in Cleveland in the public schools and spent a number of years abroad at Paris, where he learned the trade of silk hat manufacturer. He became very expert in that line, and finally returned to Cleveland and set up a business of his own. His factory turned out the finest hats of that character in Ohio. He is still living at Cleveland. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason. His wife, Emilie Schmitt, is a daughter of Jacob W. Schmitt, one of the best known men of Cleveland in his time and for that reason a sketch of him appears on other pages. Mrs. Philip DeCumbe was educated in Cleveland and also in Germany. They have two children, Ella A. and J. William, the former living at home with her parents. J. William DeCumbe attended the public schools of Cleveland, graduating from the South High School in 1905. He then entered the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware, and completed the regular four years' classical course in three years, graduating A. B. in 1908. From there he went East to Boston, spent one year in the Harvard University Law School and in 1911 graduated from the law department of Boston University with the degree Bachelor of Jurisprudence. He was admitted to the Massachusetts bar in 1913 and first practiced in Boston, where he remained until December, 1914. Altogether he lived in the Hub city seven years. He was admitted to practice in the United States courts in Massachusetts and has since been admitted to the District Federal courts in Ohio. He was admitted to practice in the Ohio courts July 1, 1915. On beginning practice in Cleveland in August, 1915, he was associated with William S. Fitzgerald, now director of law of the City of Cleveland. Mr. DeCumbe has been appointed legal assistant in the finance department of the City of Cleveland. While in the East Mr. DeCumbe served as private secretary to Col. Everett C. Benton of Boston, when Colonel Benton was candidate for governor of the Bay State in 1913. He was also secretary of the campaign committee for Harry C. Atwell of Lynn, Massachusetts, when Mr. Atwell made his successful campaign for attorney general of Massachusetts in 1914. Mr. DeCumbe is a republican, is a mem- 256 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ber of Woodworth Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons of Cleveland, Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar, and is a life member of the Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the City Club, the Civic League, Young Men's Business Club, and the Cleveland Museum of Art, University Club of Cleveland, and is a member of the Country Club of Jackson, Tennessee. He is unmarried. FRANK WARREN SMITH was installed chief of police of the City of Cleveland January 1, 1918. His appointment by Mayor Davis was only a promotion, Once Chief Smith has been a tried and seasoned veteran of the city police force for nearly a quarter of a century. Mr, Smith has made the police business a profession, an object of thought and study, ever since he was put on the force as a patrolman, and being a man of brains as well as brawn, he is easily distinguished today as one of the most efficient police heads in the country. He has the right equipment for a man in that position. A man of action himself, he has also the qualities of leadership, possesses judgment and decision, and understands how to get his orders executed with a minimum of friction. He has increased the effectiveness of the police department, has rigidly enforced all laws against gambling and vice of every description, and it has been the chief effort of Mr. Smith to make Cleveland a clean and safe city, and in this he has the heartiest support and co-operation of the mayor. Accepting the office with a due appreciation of the responsibilitie involved, Mr. Smith has in addition to taking vigorous hold of the routine administration, already planned extensive improvements with an especial view to training and educating the force under him to a better degree of efficiency. Frank Warren Smith was born at Flint, Michigan, November 20, 1869, son of Romanzo Orville and Josephine (Jenks) Smith. The residence of the family was only temporary in Michigan and Chief Smith grew up at Pearl Creek, near Rochester, New York. In that locality his family have lived for many generations. Chief Smith was recently quoted as of the opinion that his native locality was the original home of the Smiths, and there were so many of the name that it was necessary to get some other distinguishing mark than a mere Christian name, numerals being frequently employed to designate the different Franks and Williams and others. Chief Smith is descended from Isaac Smith, who fought as a soldier with Washington in the Revolutionary war. His great-grandfather, Josiah Smith, was born on the old Smith homestead at Attica, Wyoming County, New York. The grandfather of Chief Smith was Warren Smith, who grew up on the old farm, and was widely known in that section of the state as the champion collar and elbow wrestler. He lived to be eighty-two years of age. Chief Smith's father, Romanzo Orville Smith, was born at Attica, New York, in 1847, and is now living retired, in his seventy-first year, at Wolcott, New York. For many years he was active as a farmer and livestock dealer, as was his father before him. Shortly after his marriage, Romanzo 0. Smith yielded to an inspiration to come West, and from 1868 to 1873 was in Michigan, part of the time at Flint, where his son was born, and also at Saginaw and Bay City. He was in the lumber business while in Michigan. Frank W. Smith's mother was of Welsh ancestry. She died at Wolcott, New York, in 1917, at the age of seventy-one. There were eight sons and five daughters in the family, ten of whom are still living, five sons and five daughters. Two of the children died young. The only two in Ohio are Frank W. and his sister, Mrs. George Fairchilds, also of Cleveland. Frank W. Smith grew up on his father's farm and received his primary education in the little white schoolhouse at Amity, and afterwards attended the Rochester Business College at Rochester. During his early residence in Cleveland he took a course in the night school of Baldwin-Wallace College. It was in 1890 that be came to Cleveland. His first work was a gripman or motorman on the old cable line operating on Superior and Payne avenues. He ran a car up and down those avenues for several years, and during the panic of 1893 he frequently made round trips without having a single passenger. About that time he became a fireman on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad, but after a year returned to his former position with the street car company. The story is told that Mr. Smith, who had then and still has the faculty of making friends among all classes of people, was one day accosted by a policeman friend who suggested that he take an examination and get a job on the force. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 257 Frank W. Smith turned the suggestion over and over in his mind before he made a decision, but eventually took the examination, and stood second on the list among the 400 who competed with him. There are three other well-known members of the present force who were in the same class—Capt. Charles N. Sterling, George Koestle, Bertillon expert, and Detective John T. Shibley. Mr. Smith went on the police force at an annual salary of $780. He was first on the force during the administration of Mayor Robert McKesson. During the twenty-three years of his continuous service he has held every job in the department from patrolman, plain clothes man on the vice squad, sergeant, to which he was promoted March 1, 1901; lieutenant, July 21, 1903; captain, December 1, 1912; inspector, March 8, 1917; acting chief, November 10, 1917; until he became chief on January 1, 1918. Chief Smith did some splendid work as captain of the detective bureau and organized the training school for cadets, a school that he purposes to greatly broaden and render more effective under his administration. He also organized the traffic division while captain. Mr. Smith is a republican in politics, is affiliated with Forest City Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons ; Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar ; Al Sirat Grotto and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Outside of his work and profession his chief hobby is perhaps good horses and horse racing. Mr. Smith married for his first wife Nettie Bradford, of Wyoming County, New York. She died in 1897, leaving one son, Neil J., who is now an employe of the Lehigh Valley Railway in New York. On August 15, 1901, Mr. Smith married Miss Ethel C. Cooper, of Cleveland. They were married at Niagara Falls. They have a son, Warren C., now attending school at Cleveland. CARY RUDOLPH ALBURN. To his chosen work as a lawyer Mr. Album has brought natural talents which in their exercise are unmistakable evidence that he chose wisely in selecting his vocation, and also a culture and opportunities of an exceptional education, and has used them all not only for the benefit of his legal clients but also to promote the best interests of his home City of Cleveland. Mr. Album, who is a member of the firm Price, Album, Crum & Alburn, one of Cleveland's ablest law firms, with offices in the Garfield Building, was born at Youngstown, Ohio, October 22, 1883, a son of John Frederick and Cecelia (Leubben) Album. During his youth in his native city he attended the grammar and the Rayen High School, following which he took the regular literary course in the Western Reserve University and graduated A. B. He began the study of law in the Western Reserve University Law School, and then after a qualifying examination was appointed a Cecil Rhodes scholar from Ohio at Oxford Uni- versity, England, where he remained and became prominent in University life from 1905 to 1908. During those years he studied law and has the degree Bachelor of Civil Law granted by Oxford University. He was also well known in university affairs, being a member of the Oxford LaCrosse team in 1906-08, was president of the American Club of Oxford in 1908, and a member of the United Arts Club of London. Mr. Album was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1908 and since then has been in practice at Cleveland. During 1911-12 he served as second assistant United States attorney for the Northern District of Ohio, and in 1912-15 was first assistant United States attorney. Early in 1915 he became a member of the law firm of Price, Album, Crum & Album.. In July, 1915, he resigned his position with the Federal Government, and since then has devoted his entire time to the private practice of the law with this partnership. At the primary election in August, 1918, he was nominated for Judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Mr. Album has a close acquaintance with politics and with many of the leading public men of Ohio, and was chief secretary to Senator T. E. Burton in 1910-11, and was secretary of the Business Men's Taft Club from 1908 to 1912, and at the same time was on the advisory board of the Ohio League of Republican Clubs. Mr. Album in 1910 was Head Master of the Cleveland Boys Home at Hudson, Ohio, and that year served as Cleveland's delegate to the National Conference of Charities and Corrections at St. Louis, Missouri. Mr. Album is chairman of Legal Advisory Board for District 14 at Cleveland and since the United States entered the war he has been an active member of the Government organization known as "Four-Minute Men." He is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon Fraternity, the University Club, the Cleveland Athletic 258 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Club, the City Club, the Play House and the Tippecanoe Club. He finds his recreation in yachting and tennis. Mr. Album was married May 22, 1912, at Cleveland to Miss Helen Alice Whitslar, daughter of W. H. Whitslar, M. D., D. D. S. Mrs. Album is a graduate of the College for Women and secretary of the Drama League of Cleveland. THE CLEVELAND ELECTRIC ILLUMINATING COMPANY. It is a singular truth that a human investigation of any natural or mechanical problem seems to move in a circle through laborious experiments back to its starting point. A machine is simple enough in the mind of its inventor, but part after part is added to meet some mechanical exigency. As the years pass new inventors, piece by piece discard the furbelows until the machine is again as simple as the first idea of it. So it has been with the electric light. The first experiments were with the platinum, a long age of carbon intervened, and now tungsten, another metal, is acknowleged the best material for incandescent lamps. Sir Humphrey Davey, famous as the inventor of the miner's safety lamp, a hundred years ago made the first arc light. He connected two thousand galvanic cells to charcoal points, and when the points were separated a brilliant arc flowed between them. This is the essential principle of the electric arc today. Carbon pencils are, of course, used, and the cnrrent for them is generated by enormous dynamos. The light one sees is not the electricity itself, but a bridge of enormously hot carbon vapor carrying the current across the gap from one carbon to the other. If the vaporizing of the current did not rapidly waste them away the commercial arc light would have been born then and there. But the distance between the two carbons is so broadened by this rapid waste that the current is not powerful enough to force its way across. To provide against this the upper carbon is "fed" to the lower slowly. At first this was accomplished by clockwork, but this was, of course, unsatisfactory and not a bit practicable. Consequently a brilliant school of inventors, at the very head of whom stood Charles F. Brush of Cleveland, developed the first commercial arc lamp. In this the feeding was and is accomplished by electromagnets. The moment the current is turned on it passes through the two touching carbons. This animates an electro-magnet which pulls them sharply apart. The electric current, resenting the separation from its affinity, by superheating the carbon points forms the vapor and passes across it, instantaneously. The first of these arc lights were introduced over America with circuses as feature attractions. Thousands of people flocked to see them, as they would go now to see electric communication with Mars. The dynamo has been rapidly developed into a commercial tool, even though it was remote from its present day efficiency. Electric light companies were formed, wires were strung and streets were illuminated. The arc light was a success as a street lamp. The next problem was to bring it into our homes. A hoard of inventors began work on the problem of so subdividing the arc light that it would be used in household illumination. The "multiple arc" system was evolved. Chiefly because of its expensiveness and difficulty of operation the arc light was discarded as a form of light sought by most inventors. To Thomas Alva Edison, the man who has invented and perfected more devices serviceable to mankind than any other individual who ever lived, goes also the credit of the invention of the incandescent lamp. Edison passed a current through platinum wire, the wire glowed brilliantly, but soon melted itself. Edison tried other harder materials. They did the same thing. Edison put the wire in a glass globe, exhausted the air from the globe. and turned on the current. The wire glowed for a time longer and then burned out. After tireless endeavor of months, he finally pondered over what he had neglected to make the light possible, without dreaming that he held the solution in his hands. Why not try carbon? he finally said to himself. Edison tried carbon. Finally a beautiful soft light was evolved and the wizard knew that he had solved the secret of the incandescent electric lamp. Edison got hold of a bamboo fan. Ile tore off a little strip, and from it produced the best filament yet. Here was the solution at last. Meanwhile the world was in an uproar. Reporters besieged Edison's laboratory and there were rumors of failure. And then, with incandescent filament constructed from his toughest bamboo, Edison won a comprehensive patent. He hung up a string of lights in Menlo Park and excursion trains brought the world to see them. The principal of incandescent light has remained unaltered from the first. But its efficiency has been enormously CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 259 improved. The bamboo filament was discarded for pure carbon filament; made from a carbon paste-like wire. Auer von Welsbach gave the world the incandescent gas lamp after having discovered the use of tungsten. Tungsten lamps have tome universally into use and the world finds itself back where it started, with a metal filament. It is worthy to remark in passing that many of the convenient household devices in use today use the same principle as that of the incandescent are light; that is, staunch and sturdy wires of high resistance are heated by sending a current through them. The wires give out more heat than light, anti ne have warming pads, chafing dishes, electirc heaters and the rest. The dozen lights in Monumental Park at Cleveland were lighted on Tuesday, April 29, 1879, for the first time, as regular street lights to be governed by the schedule prescribed by the council for all street lights. At five minutes before eight o'clock there was a flicker in the lamp nearest the Telegraph Supply Company's headquarters, and immediately the twelve lights beamed forth from their various stations. Thousands of people gathered to witness the scene and as the light shot around and through the park a shout was raised. Presently the Gray's hand struck up in the pavilion and soon afterward a section of artillery on the lake shore began firing a salute in honor of the occasion. And thus, in the quaint chronicle of the period, electricity was first found to the servive of man in Cleveland. More than two years before Charles F. Brush, an almost unknown inventor had startled the city with the first public exhibition of his much discussed electric light. Brush had toiled for several years with his light in the factory of the Cleveland Telegraph Supply Company. Finally he got it to work, and in the form of a search light prepared it for exhibition on the roof of the Worthington Building at Ontario and St. Clair. Clevelanders to the number of several hundred assembled at the intersection of these streets. Many came to scoff, but all remained to praise. When Brush turned on his current a stalwart beam shot heavenward, and this presently was revolved in broad circles on the crowd, bewildering the unaccustomed eyes of this badly lit period. In the next two years the popular comprehension of electricity was somewhat cleared up. This was hastened by the installation as described above, of the lights on the square. The invention of the "shunt coil" eventually made series lighting a success, and Brush paved the way for the use of the arc light as an illuminant, particularly for streets. The spread of the Brush system, with the sale of territorial rights, within the next few months, momentarily delayed its furtherance in Cleveland. But in 1881 a power-house was constructed on Lime Street near the river, and extensive city lighting was undertaken. The lines of this company ran along the street on high poles and were of really extraordinary length for then. Woodland Avenue, Garden Street (Central Avenue), Wilson Avenue (East 55th Street), where among those brightly illumined by the new system. Virtually all of the stores in the downtown district of any pretension installed arc lights, in spite of their tendency to flicker now and then. Arc lighting was thus early intrenched, in Cleveland. Few cities in America could boast of a more comprehensive system. The light masts around the square were allowed to stand for several years. The Brush Company also operated in a casual way a few incandescent lights, although this branch of the business was not much more at any time than an experiment. Meanwhile though, in 1886, the Cleveland Electric Light Company was formed and equipped a power house hack of the present Chamber of Commerce. This company operate under the Thomson-Houston patents and aimed to furnish incandescent lighting for stores downtown. The lines of this company ran over the roofs of adjoining buildings instead of on poles. The nature of the current was such that it could not he carried for very long distances without conductors of almost prohibitive size. This company at first ran a separate machine for every fifty lamps. There were no meters and a flat rate of $1 a month for each lamp was charged. Eventually meters were installed but the system was at no time very successful. The Thomson-Houston Company was at all times engaged in patent litigation with Edison. It was many years before the wizard of Menlo Park finally established his right to the incandescent light patent. Edison's commercial supremacy, however, did not falter through this litigation, because in new discoveries he was continually ahead of his opponent. One of his inventions cut the size of 260 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS street wires and thereby the amount of expensive copper, to one-eighth what it had been, and by a later invention to one-third of that. His 'feeder" system, too, of three wires put an end to the "drop in the current" and the dimming of lights remote from the power house. Consequently when progressive electric interests in 1892 merged the Brush Electric Light and Power Company and the Cleveland Electric Light Company, the Thomson-Houston system was quickly abolished in favor of the Edison by the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company. It took from 1892 to 1894, on account of the troublous times, to build a new power house on Canal Road and to build conduits through downtown streets, for it was the first determination of the new company that wires should come down from poles and buildings, a policy which since has been followed out as rapidly as the city's growth permits. Under the regime of The Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company has occurred an electrical development in Cleveland which has placed this city in the foremost ranks of the great centers of the world. In 1911 the East Seventieth Street power house was completed and Cleveland is supplied from a central station, than which there is none more efficient in operation. The company has steadily pushed its lines with or apace with the city's development. Lines have been run into sparsely settled districts in the optimistic belief of the company that tomorrow the city's growth will have thickly populated them. The actual cost of the generation of current is relatively small. Electric light bills are not for current alone, any more than water bills are for water alone. To insure the very highest constancy of service the Illuminating Company has a doubly re-enforced safety system of remarkable completeness. Downtown a complete circuit runs through conduits around every block. Each circuit intersects at manholes on each of its four corners with similar circuits which encircle the eight neighboring blocks. Feeders run underground from the battery house on the public square, East Seventieth Street or Canal Road, to each manhole. Many of these feeders duplicate one another. The battery houses are supplied from East Seventieth Street and to any required extent from Canal Road. The current comes to them alternating from East Seventieth Street and is turned into direct by motor-generating sets. The corner feed system means that a break can occur in the middle of the block and no customer on that block will suffer. The current will still come to him from one direction. The residence districts are supplied from eight substations scattered over the city. These are supplied from Seventieth Street by duplicate underground cables, carrying 11,000 volts. Should one of these fail, the current is quickly diverted to another. Should both fail, the substations are connected to one another and the two neighbors of the cut-off station would rush current to carry the load in its district at normal pressure. The current is cut down to 2,300 volts at the substation and then is divided into several main feeder lines. These in turn supply branch feeder lines and from these branches wires run into the houses with the current "stepped down" to 115 volts. The whole system means that any single part could fail and only a few residences would suffer and then only for a short time. In spite of its many handicaps in the face of rapidly increasing cost of material, labor and living, the Illuminating Company consistently reduced its rates to the consumer. It is noteworthy that these reductions have not been enforced by any ordinance nor imposed as the terms of any franchise, but have been entirely voluntary. The consistent practice of the Illuminating Company has been to furnish the best possible service at the lowest possible cost. Poor service can be furnished cheaper, perhaps, but rot service of the sort to which Cleveland has been accustomed. The axiom that you get what you pay for applies to electricity as to all things. And while practically every other commodity in Cleveland has advanced in price, the price of electricity has been voluntarily reduced. "This situation," declared an official of the company, "would seem to be one calling for action to restrain the advance skyward of some of the other commodities, and hardly of such oppressiveness as to call for an expenditure running into seven figures. It is a tilt with windmills." In eloquent testimony to the lasting faith of the Illuminating Company in the future of Cleveland, and in the future of electricity in Cleveland, stands the new building of the company on Public Square—facing the Monumental Park on which so long ago there flared the first blinking arc, progenitor of those thousands to follow. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 261 The offices of the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company are in the Illuminating Building facing Public Square. The principal officers are: Samuel Scovil, president; Robert Lindsay, vice president and general manager ; S. C. D. Johns, secretary ; F. N. Stone, assistant secretary; Charles W. Mills, treasurer; and J. H. Scobell auditor. KARL GAMMEL, one of Cleveland's leading manufacturing technicians, was born at Ludwigsburg, Germany, February 4, 1878. His father was Ernest Gammel. He acquired a liberal and technical education in the old country. He attended public school until fourteen, then learned the machinist's trade and at the same time attended night school for three years, thus preparing himself for the technical school at Stuttgart, where he was a student three years. He was next in the technical college at Flmenau Thueringen, Germany, and graduated as a mechanical engineer in 1903. Returning to Stuttgart, he was for two and a half years the only draftsman employed by Robert Bosch, manufacturer of the world known Bosch Magneto. This is now an industry employing several thousand men. Leaving that firm Mr. Gammel entered into business for himself as a mechanical engineer in Germany and in construction and installation of machinery for the manufacture of noodles and macaroni, not only for Germany but other foreign countries. It was from this experience that he was called to Cleveland, where be sold his patent on macaroni making machinery to the Cleveland Macaroni Company, and has filled the office of vice president of that company since 1914. Mr. Gammel is a member of the Society of German Mechanical Engineers of Germany. He married at Ludwigsburg, Germany, Miss Emma Kuehnle in March, 1904. She died May 22, 1918. leaving her husband with three children: Otto, aged thirteen, Alvin E., aged eleven, and Emil, aged four months. The two older children are now students in the Cleveland public schools. Mr. Gammel married for his second wife, July 25, 1918, Pauline Richard, who was born near Berne, Switzerland. THE CLEVELAND MACARONI COMPANY. Through the genius of a master mind in the technical and manufacturing field, Mr. Karl Gammel, the Cleveland Macaroni Company has become in recent years one of the leading industries of its kind in America and one of the large commercial plants of Cleveland. The original company was organized in 1896 by George A. Pfaffman. At first macaroni and noodles were manufactured on a small scale. Mr. Pfaffman sold out to Mr. F. M. Gregg, who is now president of the company. In 1909 Karl Gammel came to Cleveland as the company 's engineer. Through him it became possible to increase the output tenfold. This he did with his new patented drying process, drying machines, and by designing and installing other special machinery. Perhaps chief of these machines was the drying machine and the immense hydraulic cylinder presses, capable of pressing out in from twelve to fifteen minutes 650 pounds of dough. Mr. Gammel designed special macaroni dies for pressing the macaroni. The macaroni die for a large press is perforated with 2.000 and the spaghetti die with 10,000 holes for the dough to pass through and form the macaroni or spaghetti. One of these presses can manufacture over 400 miles of macaroni and 1,300 miles of spaghetti daily. Mr. Gammel also designed cutting machinery for dividing the long and dry strips into packageable lengths. Both spaghetti and macaroni are dried over sticks and are about twenty-two inches in length. Mr. Gammel also devised special washing machinery for cleaning the dies. The noodle product is manufactured differently from the macaroni, being rolled and cut on combined machinery instead of being pressed through cylinders. Before Mr. Gammel came on the scene the method followed was that of laying the product on drying frames by hand. At the present time machinery has almost eliminated hand work and none of the product is touched by hand until it is put into packages. The noodle dough runs over rollers in continuous sheets and at the same tune it is cut into strips of certain length and width. It is then carried to machines where the strips are formed into little cakes. There is an automatic conveying system by which the empty frames are taken through the noodle forming machine to be filled and delivered to the point where the drying process begins. In a few years, under the impetus of Mr. Gammel's inventive genius. the business grew so rapidly that a new building was required, and this structure was completed on Septem- 262 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ber 1, 1917. It covers ground space 272 by 135 feet, extending from Shaw to Wentworth Avenue, and comprises three floors and basement. It is reinforced concrete and modern in every respect. It is being equipped with all the special presses, drying and cutting machinery above mentioned. A noteworthy system of the building is the unit system of construction, as a result of which every process is joined closely to that preceding. At one end of the building are the special flour bins, each with a capacity of a carload and a half. From these bins the flour is delivered in the first process of manufacture and it is worked from point to point forward until the manufactured and packed goods and the shipping department are reached at the other end. The basement of the new building contains the power transmission, motors and fans for mixers, kneaders and drying machines, and also storeroom for cartons and containers. The first floor contains dough mixers, dough kneaders, hydraulic presses, automatic trimming machinery and the machinery for the drying, cutting and packing of macaroni and spaghetti. The second floor and part of the third are used for the making of noodles. On the second floor are also the noodle drying rooms and noodle packing department. One-half of the third floor is taken up with the apparatus for purifying air furnished to all the drying machines, while the remainder of that floor is set apart as rest rooms and dining rooms for the employes. SAMUEL GEORGE TAYLOR, a resident of Cleveland for more than forty years, was formerly connected with several of the well-known commercial houses of the city, and since 1905 has been superintendent and assistant secretary of the Brooklyn Heights Cemetery Association. Mr. Taylor was born near Oakville, Ontario, Canada, August 28, 1852. His grandfather, George Taylor, was a native of England. About 1812 he and his wife, Mary, brought their family to America and were pioneers in Trafalgar Township in the Province of Ontario. They cleared up and developed a tract of new land in that locality, and spent the rest of their days there. George Taylor died in 1861, when past eighty years of age, and his wife passed away in 1869. Thomas Taylor father of Samuel G., was born in England in 1807, and was about five years old when his parents came to Canada. He grew up and married in Trafalgar Township and for a number of years conducted a farm and also did an extensive business as a hop grower in Trafalgar Township, near Oakville. He finally moved to Paris, Ontario, and for two years gave his exclusive attention to hop growing. Finally, on account of ill health, he retired, and died at Paris in 1859. He was a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. His second wife, and the mother of Samuel George Taylor, was before her marriage Mrs. Ann (Hill) Richardson. She was born in England in 1814, a daughter of Thomas Hill, who was a native of the north of Ireland, of Scotch descent. When a young man he went to England, and married there Martha Parker. In 1818, on coming to America, he settled in Ohio, but subsequently moved to the vicinity of Toronto, Canada, where he was a homesteader and farmer, and developed a number of important business interests. He also had an office at Osgood Hall in Toronto. He died at Weston, near Toronto, in 1860. After the death of Thomas Taylor his widow, with her only child, Samuel G., removed to Dubuque, Iowa, in April, 1864. She spent her last days there, but died in 1868 while visiting at Palermo in Trafalgar Township, Canada. Mr. S. G. Taylor received his first advantages in the public schools of Paris, Canada, and later attended school at Dubuque, Iowa. His education was finished at the age of fifteen, and after the death of his mother he paid his own way in the world. He was employed as clerk and in other positions in Dubuque, Iowa, and in 1875, on coming to Cleveland, had a brief term of service with the W. P. Southworth Company, following which for a year and a half he was in the dry goods house of E. M. McGillen & Company. For ten years Mr. Taylor was salesman for T. W. Brainerd in his wall paper house on West Twenty-fifth Street. Following that for thirteen years he was office man with the Hill Clutch Company, and in 1904 came with the Brooklyn Heights Cemetery Association as lot salesman, but in 1905 was made superintendent and assistant secretary. This is one of the large and modern cemeteries of Cleveland, covering 1021/2 acres. The cemetery offices are on West Twenty-fifth Street. Mr. Taylor resides at 3304 Mapledale Avenue. For the past thirty-two years he has been a member of the official board and is now secretary of the People's Methodist Episcopal Church. Has also always been very much interested in temperance work in .the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 263 International Order of Good Templars, and is a member of the international and national grand lodges and for the past twenty years has been the secretary of the Ohio Grand Lodge. lie is also a notary public, and politically is a republican, June 9, 1879, at Cleveland, Mr. Taylor married Miss Jessie F. Lapham, daughter of Simon S. and Mary C. (Jett) Lapham, both now deceased. Her father was an old-time resident of Cleveland and for a number of years was a manufacturer of washboards. Mr. and Mrs. Taylor have an interesting family of children, five of whom are living. Mabel Jessie is the wife of F. E. Stannard, living in Lakewood, Mr. Stannard being a collector for the Standard Oil Company. The second child, George Stephen, died when seven years old. Wilbur Davidson, whose home is on West Thirty-third Street, is with the Ivanhoe Metal Works of the General Electric Company. Helen Isabel is the wife of Thomas Mills, foreman for a Cleveland hardware concern, their home being on Cedar Avenue. Samuel George, Jr., residing on West Thirty-second Street, is a clerk for the Upson Nut & Bolt Company. Jessie Lapham married Earl E. Hall, a clerk for the Cleveland Motor Cycle Company, their home being on Ivanhoe Road in Collinwood. The youngest child, Marguerite, died in infancy. HERMAN WOLFE is president of the Wolfe Music Company. one of the prominent music houses of Cleveland, located at 641 Prospect Avenue. Mr. Wolfe is a very energetic business man, and ever since leaving high school has been identified with some branch of the musical instrument and supply business and knows it in every practical detail, which accounts for the success he has made since coining to Cleveland. Mr. Wolfe was born at Chicago, Illinois, October 2, 1879. His father, Jacob Wolfe, who was born in Russia in 1847, grew up and married there, and in 1865 came to the United States. For ten years he was a dry goods merchant at Cincinnati and afterward was in mercantile lines at Chicago until he retired. After retiring he moved to California, and in 1907 located at Phoenix, Arizona, where he died in 1909. He was a first-class American citizen, voted the republican ticket and was affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He married Sarah Harris, who was born in Russia in 1847 and died at Chicago in 1907. They had the following children: Fannie, who lives in Chicago, widow of Samuel Goldblum, a general merchant; Pauline, who is unmarried and lives in Cleveland; Rose, wife of Samuel Rosenbranch, in the cartage business and residing at 10420 Parkgate Avenue in Cleveland; Harry W., in the general cartage business at Detroit, Michigan; Dora, who died at Barberton, Ohio, wife of Samuel Kleinman, who now has a haberdashery business in Cleveland; and Herman, the sixth and youngest of the family. Herman Wolfe was educated in the public schools of Chicago, graduating from the Hyde Park High School in 1897. He at once found employment in some of the large music merchandise houses of Chicago and was there until 1904, when the Story & Clark Piano Company, utilizing his experience and ability, sent him East to Cleveland to open up a branch of that well-known house. He became its manager and also had the management of the company's branch stores in Pittsburg, Columbus, Detroit and Toledo. In October, 1916, Mr. Wolfe concentrated all his interests at Cleveland, acquiring the business of the Cleveland branch of the Story & Clark Company and reorganizing it as the Wolfe Music Company. He is president of the company, S. Edgert is vice president, N. D. Bell is secretary and sales manager. The company is incorporated under the laws of Ohio and the people of Cleveland have come to know it as one of the most reliable houses for pianos, phonographs and musical merchandise. Mr. Wolfe is an independent voter. In 1901, in Chicago, he married Miss Rose Harris. She died at Cleveland in 1905, leaving one son, Marshall, born August 14, 1905, In 1910, at Chicago, Mr. Wolfe married for his present wife Mrs. Lillian (Simon) Guthman. Mrs. Wolfe was born in Chicago. SAMUEL NEWMAN is park engineer for the City of Cleveland. Civil engineering was the career for which he prepared himself by practical experience and college training and he has held some important responsibilities and performed much valuable service in his profession, not only in his present position but in other capacities. Mr. Newman has lived in Cleveland most of his life, but was born at Zanesville, Ohio, December 25, 1876. His father, Leopold Newman, who resides at 1433 East Ninetieth Street in Cleveland, was born in Austria- 264 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Hungary, in 1848, was reared and married in his native country, and about 1870, coming to the United States, located at Zanesville, Ohio, where he was a merchant. In 1888 he removed his business to Cleveland, was in mercantile lines for a number of years, but is now living retired. After getting his rights as an American citizen he has always been loyal to American institutions, but is not a strong partisan, in fact is rather independent in casting his ballot. He married in his native land Hannah Klein, who was born in Austria-Hungary in 1848. They are the parents of six children ; Joseph, a merchant on St. Clair Avenue in Cleveland; Edward, superintendent of a paper mill and bag factory at Chagrin Falls, Ohio ; Tillie, wife of Joseph Gross, living at Yonkers, New York, Mr. Gross being sales, manager for a large cloak firm ; Samuel, who is fourth in order of age; Ben, foreman for the American Multigraph Company at Cleveland ; and Ira, a salesman living at the corner of Parkgate Avenue and East One Hundred and Fifth Street. Samuel Newman received his first advantages in the public schools of Zanesville. He was twelve years old when the family came to Cleveland, and in 1896 he graduated from the Central High School of this city. From there he entered Case School of Applied Science, and pursued the regular course in civil engineering and was graduated with the degree of civil engineer in 1900. His record of practical service may be briefly stated as follows: From college he spent one year with the maintenance of way department of the Big Four Railway Company. The next three years he was superintendent of construction for the Forter-Miller Engineering Company of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. In June, 1904, Mr. Newman entered the service of the park department of the City of Cleveland. His first work was as a rod-man, and he was soon promoted to charge of the transit, later was made assistant engineer, and in 1910 was given the responsibilities he handles so capably today, of park engineer. His offices are at 435 City Hall Building. Mr. Newman is a member of the Cleveland Engineering Society. Ile is an independent voter and his home is at 9112 Parkgate Avenue. In June, 1907, he married Miss Malvine Hoenig, daughter of I. and Esther (Gross) Hoenig. Her parents live in Cleveland, her father being proprietor of a cigar store in the Rockefeller Building. Mr. and Mrs. Newman have two children, Donald D., born October 8, 1911, and Richard, born October 25, 1913. CARL HENRY NAU. A native of Cleveland, and one time office boy for the Standard Oil Company, Carl H. Nau was one of the men who many years ago dignified the business of accounting into a profession, and is now head of one of the largest and best known firms of certified public accountants in theMiddleWest. Through his enthusiasm and proficiency in the profession he has made his life of notable service to his city, and for a number of years was actively associated with the late Mayor Tom Johnson of Cleveland, Mr. Nau was born in Cleveland April 12, 1867, and has spent his life in that city. His ancestors were German Dissenters and French Hugenots, and if at times Mr. Nau has seemed radical, of positive conviction and forceful views, enjoys those characteristics by right of inheritance. He attended the grammar and high schools, three years in the latter and from the high school entered the offices of the Standard Oil Company, where he remained from 1884 to 1897. The thirteen years he was with that corporation he traveled a long road toward success, being successively office boy, clerk, bookkeeper, manager of the accounting division, with an office force of about forty-five, and finally traveling auditor. He resigned in 1897 to begin practice as public accountant. Mr. Nau was one of the first men to qualify under the provisions of the Ohio law regulating the standards and qualifications of a certified public accountant and attained his C. P. A. degree in 1908. For twenty years he has been in the public practice of accountant. From 1910 to 1915 he served as a member of the Ohio State Board of Accountancy, part of the time as president, and from 1913 to 1916 was treasurer of the American Association of Public Accountants. In 1909 Mr. Nau organized the firm which is now Nau, Rusk & Swearingen, certified public accountants, with Cleveland offices in the American Trust Building and a branch office at 30 Church Street, New York. This firm now comprises an organization of about sixty expert men. He rendered influential service as a member of the committee on education of the American Association of Public Accountants and has recently been member of a special committee of the association for the purpose of nationalizing and standardizing the work of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 265 this body, though his deepest interest is in the educational aspect of the association. As a municipal accountant and an authority on public service utilities Mr. Nau has few equals. He was closely associated with Tom L. Johnson in the problems of financial and organization interests to the city, for six years was treasurer of Cleveland, from 1903 to 1909, and worked hand in hand with Mayor Johnson to effect the municipal reforms which gave the mayor a justly earned fame throughout the country. In 1913 Mr. Nau became a member of the Cleveland Charter Commission, which framed the present charter of the city under the amendment to the Ohio Constitution granting cities home rule. He prepared the sections on finance and allied subjects with such skill that they have been since incorporated in the charters of several other cities. For two years, from 1898 to 1900, he was a member of the Cleveland Library Board. The variety of interests that engage the time and attention of this exceedingly busy man is reflected in his membership in the following organizations: Cleveland. Chamber of Com- merce, Toledo Commerce Club, American Institute of Accountants (vice president), Ohio Society of Certified Public Accountants, American Economic Association, National Economic League, National Municipal League, Cleveland Council of Sociology, Cleveland Museum of Art, National Single Tax Association, Cleveland Athletic Club, Willowick Country Club, Cleveland Yacht Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, City Club, Boy Scouts, Cleveland Advertising Club, Cleveland Association of Credit Men, etc. With it all he enjoys and takes pride in his home. June 9, 1917, Mr. Nau married Miss Elsie Fritz of Cleveland. Mrs. Nau was a very successful nurse before her marriage, being a graduate of St. Ann's Hospital. Mr. Nau is much more than a professional accountant and a highly specialized expert. A writer who recently studied his career and his personality expressed a view which will be appreciated by many of his friends in Cleveland : "As for Mr. Nau's interest in humanity as a collective unit, his whole business career—every angle of his busy life, for that matter testifies more eloquently than could any phrases penned in appreciation. Somewhat radical in his views upon civic, municipal and social matters, as well as a deep student of them, he arrived early in life at positive convictions upon the maintenance and the enlargement of the rights of the common people in the governmental fabric of a democracy. These convictions Mr. Nau has always been ready to defend with vigor, and he has the great satisfaction of seeing some of them incorporated in the municipal charter and machinery of his native city of Cleveland. "A distinctive trait of Mr. Nau's—a trait which only a few of his closest friends know—is his intense love for literature, real literature, English, French and German especially. His reading has been of the assimilative kind that marks the man who sees in a passionate poem, in a vigorous essay, and in a gripping drama the voice of humanity trying to express itself. Well read is a term that takes on a new meaning when applied to Mr. Nau; it means that he has followed no critical direction save that of his own charting, and that along with the profit that always comes to one who reads that he may think, has come also a rare degree of intellectual joy in reading for reading's own sake." OLIVER S. HUBBELL. The men who succeed in any enterprise in life, the generals who win their spurs on the field of battle, the financiers who amass wealth—are the men who have confidence in themselves and the courage of their convictions. There is a time in every man's life when he reaches the conclusion that envy is ignorance: that imitation is suicide, and that though the world is full of good, no good 'thing comes to him without self-reliance and the power to gain results. The man who trusts himself and who plans well his part on the stage of life is a success. A strong and sterling character is like an acrostic—read it forward or backward or across. it still spells the same thing. Oliver S. Hubbell deserves credit for his success in life, as he is strictly a self-made man. A native of Ohio, Oliver S. Hubbell was born at Strongville, this state, April 27, 1860. His paternal grandfather was Jedediah Hubbell, whose birth occurred at Ferrisburgh, Vermont, in 1770 and who came to Newburgh, a suburb of Cleveland, in 1811. He was engaged in farming operations until his demise, October 9, 1853, aged eighty-three years. His marriage to Hannah Turner occurred in Ferrisburgh, Vermont, in 1797. Eleven children were born to them, and Oliver C. became the father of the subject of this review. He was born in Newburgh, Ohio, April 18. 1818, and after reaching manhood devoted his time to farming, following 266 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS that occupation until 1862, when he located in Ohio City, now Cleveland, here purchasing considerable property, which he rented out. He married, April 29, 1841, Harriet Harding, a native of Manchester, England. They became the parents of the following children, concerning whom brief data are here incorporated: Marion, Sarah A. and Harriet J. are deceased; Victor D. was born in Newburgh, December 27, 1848, and is now a painting contractor in Chicago; Hannah M. is the wife of F. W. Davis, of Cleveland; Rosella M. is deceased ; Leora F. married Jesse Emerson and they reside in Bisbee, Arizona; and Oliver S. is the subject of this sketch. The father died in 1889. Oliver S. Hubbell was a mere infant during the strenuous period of the Civil war and as a boy he attended the public schools of Cleveland, being graduated in West High School in 1877. He then engaged as clerk in the book store of Cobb, Andrews & Company, and after remaining with that concern for nine years he spent a year and a half as salesman for Burrows Brothers, another book concern. In 1887 he engaged in the printing business, establishing the 0. S. Hubbell Printing Company, of which he has since been president and general manager. This company makes a specialty of advertising matter and has for its patrons many of the prominent business concerns of Cleveland. Associated with Mr. Hubbell in business is his son Frank, who is manager of one department, known as "The House of Hubbell." As a result of his own ambition and well directed endeavors Mr. Hubbell has climbed to a high place on the ladder of achievement and now holds prestige as one of the substantial citizens of Cleveland. He is a trustee of the Lakewood Hospital, a member of Halcyon Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and is also affiliated with the following organizations: Clifton Club, Cleveland Athletic Club and the Benjamin Franklin Club. He is a republican in politics and is a member of the Christian Church. Mr. Hubbell has two fine young sons: Frank M. was born in Cleveland April 13, 1884, and after completing a high school course he was graduated in the Western Re-servo University in 1905. He then spent three months in Europe and on his return to Cleveland he entered his father's business and established the advertising department known as "The House of Hubbell," of which he has since been manager. James Leslie, Mr. Hubbell's other son, was born in Cleveland May 11, 1891. He attended the public schools and high school of Cleveland, and in 1911 received his degree in Western Reserve University. Until recently he was salesman and manager of the engraving department of his father's business. In 1917 he received second honor in the examination taken for a commission in the regular army and was appointed second lieutenant. Both sons are manly and industrious and are a credit to the father who has so carefully reared them. HARRY WARD MCMASTER is one of the prominent railway officials whose home is in Cleveland, and he is a veteran in the railway service, entering the business through a familiar door, that of the telegraph key, making himself a faithful part of the disciplined machinery of railroad operation and promoted successively to increasing responsibilities. He is now general manager for the United States railway administration in the operation of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway, with offices in the Electric Building. Mr. McMaster is a Canadian by birth, born at Georgetown, in the Province of Ontario, September 29, 1860. his ancestors were Scotch people. William H. McMaster. father of Harry W., was born in Ontario, Canada, in 1824, was reared in his native province and learned the machinist's trade and followed it in various localities and states. Ile died in 'Wisconsin in 1865. Harry Ward McMaster was only five years of age when his father died. Ile was educated in public schools in Michigan, but from the age of thirteen has been earning his own way and he obtained his education at the same time that he was learning the business of railroading. His first employment as a telegraph operator was with the Detroit, Lansing & Northern Railway, now part of the Pere Marquette system, and he was with that line from 1873 to 1878. The next four years he was operator and train dispatcher with the Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway, and in 1882 joined the Chicago & Northwestern Railway as train dispatcher at Escanaba, Michigan. From 1884 to 1889 he was with the Union Pacific Railway in Idaho and Nebraska as chief train dispatcher and train-master. For nearly twenty years he did his railroading in the northwestern states. From CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 267 1889 to 1900 he was chief train dispatcher and trainmaster for the Northern Pacific lines, located at Spokane, Washington. Returning East in 1900, Mr. McMaster accepted the position of superintendent for the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway, and had his headquarters at Toledo and also at Canton, Ohio. From 1905 to 1908 he was general superintendent of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway and the Wabash Pittsburg Terminal, with headquarters at Pittsburg. From 1908 to 1912 Mr. McMaster operated the Wabash Pittsburg Terminal as receiver and general manager. On January 1, 1913, he returned to Cleveland as general manager of the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway. On January 1, 1917, he became vice president and general manager of the reorganized road, and on June 12, 1918, was appointed to his present position. Mr. McMaster has membership with various social organizations in different parts of the country where he has lived as a railway official. He is a member of the Masonic Lodge at Pocatello, Idaho. At Cleveland he belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, the Union Club, the Shaker Heights Country Club, the Cleveland Country Club. He is a member of the Duquesne Club of Pittsburg and of the Toledo Club of Toledo. Politically he is a republican. His home is at 8205 Euclid Avenue. In 1879, at Cadillac, Michigan, he married Isabelle Cobbs, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jonas Cobbs, now deceased. Her father was member of the firm Cobbs & Mitchell, lumber dealers of Cadillac. Mrs. McMaster died in 1896, at Spokane, Washington. She was the mother of his family of five children. Kenneth Ward, the oldest, is a graduate of the Shattuck Military School at Faribault, Minnesota, and is now ranching at Blue Creek, Washington. Carlyle, a graduate of the high school of Spokane, Washington, also a student of Shattuck Military Academy, is a resident of Los Angeles, California, and is connected with the mining business. Rollin J., a graduate of Garden City University, New York, lives at Detroit, Michigan, and is traveling passenger and freight agent for the Wheeling & Lake Erie Railway. Belford C., a graduate of the high school at Cadillac, Michigan, is in the mining business at Los Angeles, California. Both Rollin J. and Bedford C. are now serving in the United States army. Emma, a graduate of Birmingham College at Birmingham, Pennsylvania, mar- ried Joseph C. Ford, a resident of Cadillac, Michigan, and vice president of the Mitchell Diggins Iron Company. In September, 1901, at Chicago, Mr. McMaster married for his present wife Miss May Thoma, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Thoma of Norwalk, Ohio. Her parents are deceased. The Thomas lived on a farm near Norwalk, Ohio. FRED W. FICHT is one of the prominent foundrymen and manufacturers of Cleveland, has been connected with that phase of local industry for a long period of years, and is now president of the Leader Brass Foundry & Manufacturing Company, whose plant is at 3300 Jennings Road. Mr. Ficht came to Cleveland about thirty-five years ago with practically no knowledge of American life and institutions and with most limited capital. He is one of the men who have forged their way to the front by sheer force of will power and native ability. He was born in Prussia, Germany, July 8, 1857. His father, Martin Frederick Ficht, spent all his life in the old country, saw service in the regnlar German army, was a farmer and for many years held the office of postmaster in his native village. He married Regina Prowl, who also spent her life in Prussia. Fred W. Ficht, only child of his parents, grew up in his native land, had the thorough training of a German youth, and before coming to America was principally engaged in farming. He came to the United States in 1881, at the age of twenty-four, landing in Philadelphia, and a few days later arriving in Cleveland. Then followed a varied experience of general work, and later as a teaming contractor, and all the while he was adapting himself to American life and conditions. After a number of years Mr. Ficht invested some of his capital and gave his personal ability to the founding of the Brookside Brass Manufacturing Company, a business of which he was president for twelve years. He then sold his interests and in 1913 established the Leader Brass Foundry & Manufacturing Company, at 3300 Jennings Road. The company built a modern factory and has a large output of brass foundry work, making a specialty of supplying plumbing goods, though doing jobbing work in almost every form of brass manufacture. The officers of the company are Fred W. Ficht, president; Henry Ficht, vice president; and Fred W. Ficht, Jr., secretary and treasurer. Thus it is a family concern, 268 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and they own the factory, while Mr. Ficht, Sr., owns considerable property in the same vicinity of the factory and a residence at 1645 Brainerd Avenue, where he and his family reside. Mr. Ficht is a republican voter. He is a member of the Lutheran Church and has insurance policies with the Berkshire and the Banking Life Insurance Companies.   In 1879, a year or so before he left his native land, Mr. Ficht married Miss Anna Hinz. They became the parents of three children, Fred W., Jr., Charles and Henry J. Fred W., Jr., was educated in the Lutheran schools of Cleveland and in the Edminston Business College, is unmarried, and, as already noted, is secretary and treasurer of the Leader Brass Foundry & Manufacturing Company. The second son, Charles, died at the age of twenty-three, at the outset of a very promising business career. He was already successfully managing as proprietor a grocery and meat market on West Seventeenth Street.   The youngest son, Henry J., born at Cleveland July 20, 1884, was educated in the Lutheran parochial schools, but at the age of fourteen gave up his books and studies to go to work for his father. At the age of eighteen he began an apprenticeship to learn the brass business, and his experience and training did not overlook a single detail of all the technical processes involved in brass foundry and manufacturing. He then became treasurer of the Brookside Brass Foundry & Manufacturing Company, and was with that firm twelve years and is now vice president of the Leader Brass Foundry & Manufacturing Company. Henry J. Ficht is an independent voter and a member of the Lutheran Church. In 1916, at Brownhelm, Ohio, he married Miss Emma Ruth, daughter of Peter and Catherine Ruth. Her mother still lives on the old farm at Brownhelm, Ohio, and her father died there in 1912. Henry J. Ficht and wife have one son, Irvin Frederick, born December 25, 1917.   S. H. KLEINMAN. Though well trained and thoroughly qualified as a lawyer, S. H. Kleinman has not practiced his profession, but since early manhood has been distinguishing himself in Cleveland real estate circles. Sound native ability, judgment, and growing experience have made him one of the largest and most successful operators in the city.   Mr. Kleinman has spent most of his life in Cleveland, but was born in New York City September 15, 1887, a son of Herman and Bertha Kleinman. his mother is now deceased and his father lives retired. S. H. Kleinman was educated in the Cleveland Grammar and East High Schools, took his A. B. degree from Baldwin University, and was graduated LL. B. from the Cleveland Law School.   As early as 1903 he entered real estate business and has continued it with marked success ever since leaving the university. In 1910 he incorporated the S. H. Kleinman Realty Company, of which he is president. All parts of the city offer evidences of his activity in the sale and development of property, and altogether he has sold thirty-four subdivisions. The names of these are as follows: Audubon, Belmont Square. Broadview Farms, Brookline, Easthaven, Eden Park, Euclid Manor, Forest Lawn, Garden City, Glenmore Gardens, Greenboro, Kinsman Highlands, La Grange, Lake Erie Park, Madison Terrace, Mayfield Orchard, Niles Heights, Montclair, Oakhurst, Ravenswood, Regal Park, Rosehill, Rosemere, St. Clair Heights, Sheridan Park, Silverton, West Hill, Westwood, Woodmere, Summit Villas. Claridge, Ingomar, Pelham Manor and Northcliffe.   Mr. Kleinman has also acquired various other business interests in Cleveland. He is unmarried, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Chamber of Industry, the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Cleveland Yacht Club, is a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and attends worship in the Euclid Avenue Temple.   W. C. THORP is steward and manager of the Tavern Club, one of the oldest and most exclusive clubs of Cleveland, its membership including many of the prominent and wealthy men mentioned elsewhere in this publication. The club was established in 1892, and on January 1, 1905, occupied its present handsome quarters at 3522 Prospect Avenue.   Mr. Thorp first knew Cleveland over thirty-five years ago. He was born at Larvik, Norway, July 31, 1864. His father, Frantz Thorp, born in the same locality in 1816, spent most of his life in the old country, and followed the trade of shoemaker. He also served his time in the regular army of Norway. In 1892, on retiring, he came to the United States and lived in Chicago until his death in 1902. After acquiring American citizenship he voted as a republican. Frantz Thorp married Olava Enger, who was born   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 269   at Christiania, Norway, in 1830 and died at Chicago in 1916. Their children were: Mary, a resident of Cleveland, widow of George Enger, who was an optician in Chicago; Sophie is the wife of Carl Christoff, manager of the optical department of Montgomery Ward & Company of Chicago; Fred, a caterer living at Cleveland; and W. C. Thorp.   Mr. Thorp was educated in the public schools of Larvik, his native town, and at the age of eighteen left school, and one year later came to the United States. For two years he lived in Cleveland and worked as conductor with the old street car company. Going thence to Chicago, he was a gripman on the old cable car system of the Chicago City Railway three years, following which he entered the optical business, being in that line for fifteen years. In 1903, after a brief visit to the Island of Cuba, Mr. Thorp returned to Cleveland and for a year managed a cafe at East Ninth Street and Vincennes Avenue. His qualities and talents were then secured by the Tavern Club as steward and manager, and he has continued to serve that social organization for the past thirteen years. Mr. Thorp is a republican and a member of the Presbyterian Church. He and his family reside at the Tavern Club. He married, at Chicago in 1898, Miss Anna Jensen, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. Jensen, who now have a ranch in the State of Washington. Mr. and Mrs. Thorp have one child, W. C., Jr., born November 13, 1902.   JOSEPH H. MOSEL might be considered one of the older men in Cleveland's industrial affairs, not because he is an old man in years, but because he began at a time when most boys are still at home and in school.   His education in regular day school was finished when he was fourteen years old. The next two years he spent with the Langanau Manufacturing Company learning the nickel plate and polishing trade. A bigger opening and opportunity was presented to him when he became office boy with the Cleveland Car Company. While working as office boy he also applied himself to a correspondence course in mechanical engineerng with the International Correspondence School. Having an eagerness to learn, a ready adaptability and quick comprehension, he was promoted from one place to another until at the age of twenty-eight years he was general manager of the Cleveland Car Company. However, he soon left this position, and in January, 1914, went with the Lakewood Engineering Company. He went on the payroll as a salesman, specializing on industrial equipment for manufacturing plants. In 1916 he was promoted to night superintendent of the Cleveland plant, being put in charge of 400 men, and in January, 1917, was moved up to his present office as factory superintendent, in charge of both the night and day forces of 750 workmen.   Mr. Mosel was born in New York City, August 20, 1885, but has lived in Cleveland from early infancy. His father, Jacob Mosel, was born in Germany in 1865, lived there until the age of twenty, learned the trade of blacksmith, and in 1885 came to America, and after a few months' work at his trade in New York City moved to Cleveland in the same year. He was a blacksmith at Cleveland until 1906, and in that year moved to Pasadena, California, and took charge of the car barns and the general repair shops of the Street Railway Company, a position involving much responsibility and the handling of 125 men. He remained there about ten years, but in January, 1917, returned to Cleveland and is now foreman of labor for the Lakewood Engineering Company. He is a republican voter. Jacob Mosel married Lazetta Vollmer, who was born in Germany July 8, 1866. They have three children: Joseph H.; Sophia, wife of Fred Merrell, and living on Lorain Street in Cleveland ; and Arthur T., who lives at Nada, Utah, where he has a ranch of 360 acres.   Joseph H. Mosel is well known in Cleveland business and social life. He is affiliated with 0. N. Steele Lodge No. 621, Free and Accepted Masons, Robert Wallace Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and Red Cross Lodge No. 89, Knights of Pythias. In political matters he acs independently of party. Mr. Mosel owns his home at 1663 Larchmont Avenue in Lakewood. In June, 1906, in Cleveland, he married Gertrude Indlekofer, daughter of Rudolph and Rose (Batchman) Indlekofer, both now deceased. Her father was a cabinet maker. Mr. and Mrs. Mosel have two daughters and one son: Gertrude, born November 26, 1907; Florence, born June 17, 1911; and Roy Arthur, born January 26, 1913.   MICHAEL. H. HORVATH. The art of landscape gardening has been practiced from the earliest dawn of civilization, but it is only in comparatively recent years that it has been developed to its highest form in the United States. In a broad sense the art may be   270 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS     defined as one which deals with the disposition of ground, water, buildings, trees and plants which go to the composition of verdant landscape: and it may be employed to create a beautiful and harmonious scene where only nature in barren wilderness reigned before, or merely to improve and adapt existing natural beauties and resources to the requirements of taste and convenience. Cleveland, the Forest City, with its numerous natural beauties, has long been noted for its great park system, and much of the credit for its present reputation in this direction is due to the wonderful work accomplished by Michael H. Horvath, who served for years in various capacities connected with the system and was city forester from 1903 until 1909, since which latter year he has been engaged in private practice as a landscape architect.   Michael H. Horvath was born at Szegedin, Hungary, July 11, 1868, and is a son of Michael H. and Elizabeth Horvath. He attended the public schools of his native place until fourteen years of age, at which time he became a gymnasium student, and after four years of attendance enrolled at the Academic and Forestry Institute at Szegedin, where he was graduated four years later in architecture and forestry. Mr. Horvath then went to Budapest, the capital of Hungary, where he engaged as a landscape architect for three years. Following this he went to Vienna, where he continued his studies in. landscape gardening and also did field work for two years, and then toured through Germany, Holland and Belgium for three months and spent two months at London, England. Deciding to make his home in the United States, Mr. Horvath first located at New York City, where he worked for commercial florists for one and one-half years, subsequently going to Newport, Rhode Island, where he became superintendent of the Newport Nursery Company, a position which he retained for several years. In 1896 he came to Cleveland, where he was placed in charge of park plantations for the city parks department, and in 1899 his talents were recognized by his appointment as designer and advisor of parks. His work in this position attracted universal commendation and in 1903 he also assumed the duties of city forester. It was during his connection with that position that a number of Cleveland's most beautiful parks came into existence, these all being laid out under Mr. Horsvath's supervision from plans drawn by him and according to his own ideas. He resigned from his connections with the city in 1909 and since that time has privately practiced landscape architecture. His work since that time has included the accomplishment of a number of tasks which have shown that he is constantly progressing in his art, and include beautiful Lakeview Cemetery; 280 acres of parks at Sharon, Pennsylvania; a number of parks at Lorain, Ohio; the residence grounds of J. L. Severance of Cleveland; and the splendid grounds of the Dr. D. P. Allen estate. Mr. Horvath is prominent in Masonary, being a member of Woodward Lodge, Cleveland Chapter, Holyrood Commandery and Cleveland Council, and also belongs to Al Koran Shrine and to the Chippewa Lake Country Club. He maintains an independent stand as to political matters.   In November, 1901, Mr. Horvath was married at Cleveland to Miss Elizabeth Whiteman, and to this union there has been born two children : Elizabeth and Beatrice, both of whom are attending the Cleveland public schools.   GEORGE H. LYTTLE. The founder of the oldest wallpaper house of Cleveland and the only retail store dealing exclusively in grades of that commodity, George H. Lyttle has been a resident of this city for forty-seven years and during that time variously identified with the city's busy life. He belongs to that class of men who by reason of long residence and participation in business affairs over an extended period have watched with the eyes of proprietors the city's great growth and development, and who can lay claim to being contributing factors to the metropolis' greatness.   George H. Lyttle was born at Dexter, New York, July 23, 1849, and is a son of William A. Lyttle, who died about 1898. William A. Lyttle was a civil engineer and contractor at Watertown, New York, and was prominent in his community, where he served as superintendent of schools and in other offices of trust and responsibility. He was not physically able to do military duty at the time of the Civil war, but had two brothers who distinguished themselves in the struggle between the North and the South—George W. and Lafayette. The latter, who died three years ago, was well known at Cleveland and also stood high at Toledo, and was a Thirty-Third degree Mason. He was Provost Marshal at headquarters of the army of the Potomac, with the rank of colonel. George W. Lyttle, a younger brother, was killed during the Indian wars on the western   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 271 frontier. He was a large landowner in a Minnesota town, and upon his return from a business trip to another community found it burned by the Indians and its inhabitants massacred. He at once became a scout of the First Minnesota Mounted Rangers and was killed in battle with the Indians. The Lyttle family is of Scotch-English descent, but old Revolutionary stock, being descended from George Lyttle. who came from London, England, in 1638 and settled at Newburyport, Massachusetts. One of his grandsons was Commissary-General of the American forces at the time of the battle of Long Island. He was sixty-five years of age when the war started and was in command of the Connecticut militia at the battle of Bunker Hill. When Washington evacuated New York he retired on account of rheumatism.   The mother of George H. Lyttle was Carolina (Van Vriedenburgh) Lyttle, and while the name is Holland in origin, her mother was English. Her father, Joshua Van Vriedenburgh, was born at Fort Stanwix, during the Revolutionary war. His two brothers and father were killed at the battle of Oriskan, and the mother of Joshua was taken by the tories and Indians. General Herkimer, who was related to the Van Vriedenburghs, took a force from Herkimer in an effort to relieve Fort Stanwix and his men were ambushed, although a number managed to escape into the Oriskanne Swamp, where they made a stand and beat off their assailants. It was during this absence that the tories and Indians besieged the Herkimer house and made a prisoner of the mother of Joshua Van Vriedenbnrgh. The invading party seized her little son and dashed out his brains in front of her, and she and an elderly man were put in the charge of two Indians to be taken to Fort Carleton. On the second night out, however, they managed to work free from their bonds and brained the Indians with their own tomahawks, following which, after severe hardships, they got back to Fort Stanwix. where Joshua was prematurely born. A brother of George H. Lyttle, Eugene W. Lyttle, now deceased, was one of the ten state inspectors of education of New York.   George H. Lyttle received his education in the public schools of Northern New York, and his first work occurred in 1863, when he was employed in a general store. In the latter part of 1864 he became identified with the National Guard and served in the northern part of New York during a good .part of his     Vol III- 18   service. His military experience covered practically five years before he left that state, and, holding the rank of sergeant, was the youngest officer in his company. Subsequently Mr. Lyttle went on the road traveling for the firm of Hanford & Wood, big jobbers and manufacturers of paper, and gradually rose in their employ until he was put in charge of the wall paper department. This gave him valuable experience, and in 1870, when he came to Cleveland, he engaged in business with the old John Worley house, manufacturers' agents and wholesale and retail dealers in wallpaper. He remained with this concern for six or seven years, and then entered the employ of W. F. Vliet & Company, remaining ten years or more. In 1890 he embarked in business on his own account, forming a partnership with W. F. Vliet, Jr., the store being located on the Square and known as the Park Wallpaper Company. Four years later he assumed entire control of the business when he bought his partner's interest and moved it to the old Young Men's Christian Association Building on Ninth Street, the site now occupied by the Erie Building. It was the pioneer business location in that district, and Mr. Lyttle remained there until 1905. He then moved to 1244 Euclid Avenue and remained five years, and he next established himself at 1125 Prospect Avenue, where he remained six years, until his plant was destroyed by fire. Since May 1. 1917, he has been at his present location, 9412 Euclid Avenue, having previously incorporated under the style of Lyttle & Moore Wallpaper Company, Mr. Lyttle being president and F. S. Moore, vice president. As noted, this is the oldest and only exclusive store carrying a general stock of wallpaper in Cleveland.   At one time, as a side issue, Mr. Lyttle conducted a patriotic paper, known as the Liberty Bell, but after two years sold out and the paper was removed to Cincinnati. He is independent in politics and has not been active of recent years, but formerly took a prominent part in public life and was one of the first to agitate for direct legislation, as well as one of the National League who went to Columbus and organized the State League, whose work resulted in the Initiative and Referendum being placed on the statute books. When the agitation was first started Mr. Lyttle was regarded as slightly deranged. but the masses were quickly educated and the last meeting of the State League was packed to the doors by an enthusiastic gathering. During the agi-   272 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   tation, the Union Reform party, which was the supporter of the direct legislation measure, had tickets in the field, and several times Mr. Lyttle was named for one office. On one occasion he was the nominee of his party for Congress, but this was prior to the education of the people, and while he ran ahead of his ticket he went down to defeat with other candidates. Mr. Lyttle is a member of the Fraternity League of Northern Ohio; the Industrial Association; and the Guardians of Liberty, in which last named he has held various offices.   Mr. Lyttle was married at Cleveland. August 25. 1875, to Miss Belle E. Jones, a native of Cleveland and a daughter of Louis O. Jones, of this city. To this union there have been born three children: Miss Bertelle M., who is prominent in women's activities and club work of Cleveland; Rev. Charles Harold, pastor of the Second Unitarian Church of Brooklyn, New York; and Miss Rylma C., a teacher in the high school at Norwalk, Ohio.   R. & J. DICK, LTD., are sole manufacturers of the "Dickbelt" the original Balata belt, which was invented and patened by the late founders of the present firm in 1885. This concern operates a chain of stores throughout the United States and branches all over the world. May 1, 1914, a branch of the company's business was established at Cleveland, with Mr. John H. Jewett as local manager. This branch looks after distribution over the territory of Ohio, Southern Michigan, West Virginia and Western Pennsylvania. By 1917 the company's business increased to approximately $200,000 a year.   The Dick Company were pioneers in a distinctive branch of belt manufacture. After the somewhat natural disinclination of engineers to forsake leather had been overcome, the success of the Dick belting was assured. It has since been manufactured in increasingly large quantities, being made from balata, which is a vegetable gum of a somewhat similar nature to rubber and guttapercha. For years it has been adjudged by many as the premier driving belt of the world, and its use as a conveying and elevating belt is almost universal, especially where the nature of the material carried places exceptionally severe strain. In the textile trades it is largely used for stretching machines. The firm of R. & J. Dick, Ltd., are also distributors throughout the world for the well known Barry Steel Split Pulley.   CHARLES ROCKWELL MORLEY. A representative of that class of citizens who while working for their own advancement contribute also to the development of their communities is found in Charles Rockwell Morley, whose extensive and important business connections make him one of the leaders in various activities at Cleveland. He has passed a large part of his life in the city of his birth, and while his name is best known in connection with electric railroads, the extent of his operations in other lines has gained him a substantial reputation as a man who touches and improves business life on many sides.   Mr. Morley was born at Cleveland, April 14, 1864, a son of Jesse Healy and Helen Maria (Rockwell) Morley. His early studies were prosecuted in the public schools, following which he attended Holbrook's Military Academy and Phillips Andover Academy, at which latter institution he completed his course in 1882. The finishing touches of his extensive educational training were acquired at Yale University. where he was graduated in 1886. After a few years spent in the far West he returned to Cleveland and immediately entered upon a career that has brought him both success and fortune. He has been identified with numerous corporations and enterprises, all of which have benefited by his sound counsel, advice and leadership. He built the Stark Electric and the Cleveland, Alliance & Mahoning Valley railroads, and until recently was president of both companies, resigning to devote his time to other interests. He is also extensively interested in Cleveland real estate, particularly as president of the Hippodrome Building Company and the Superior Doan Realty Company.   Mr. Morley is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Union Club and the Willowick Country Club, both Cleveland organizations. He has devoted his attention almost solely to the development of Cleveland and allied enterprises, and has borne a large share in the labor involved in advancing the industrial and commercial interests in the Sixth City.   LOUIS K. BIRINYI, who is now well established as a Cleveland lawyer, with an especially large following among the Hungarian people, has reached that enviable place where   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 273   the future presents an almost unmitigated aspect of substantial achievement and success. It was his earlier years, those of childhood and youth, which brought him a wealth of experience and vicissitude such as few men ever have, and it is these early experiences that constitute the romantic side of Mr. Birinyi's life.   He was born in the Village of Damak, County of Borsod, Hungary, April 19, 1886, a son of Joseph and Susanna (Sander) Birinyi. When he was two years of age his father came to the United States, and a year later the mother followed. At that time Louis, the only child, was left behind in the old country with his maternal grandparents. His parents lived in the meantime for nine years chiefly at Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. They returned to Hungary when Louis was thirteen years of age, and they are still living in the old country but have not been heard from by the Cleveland attorney since the beginning of the present war. There were several other children, Joseph, Susanna and Lydia, all born at Pittsburg, and Barbara, who was born in Hungary after the return of the parents. The son Joseph is now or at last accounts was in the Hungarian army. Lydia died in Hungary. Joseph Birinyi and wife were both natives of the same village as their son and the father was a farmer.   Louis K. Birinyi acquired his early education in the parochial school of his birthplace, the only school conducted there by the Protestant Reform Church. While he was attending this school the teacher and the minister became impressed with his youthful abilities and urged that his education he continued in college. However, the father was too poor to enable this plan to he carried out. Mr. Birinyi was a student in the parochial school six years and the last two years he spent as a teacher on account of the regular teacher being ill, and at his death Louis took his place not only in the school but also led the singing in the local church. He finished his education at the age of twelve and the following year spent as a worker on his grandfather's farm. About that time his parents returned from America and he went home to live.   Mr. Birinyi's father was an amiable, hardworking citizen but his mother possessed a violent temper, and altogether the household atmosphere was not a pleasant one. Soon afterward the home was burned and the father then returned to Pittsburg to make up his losses. Louis K. Birinyi, then fourteen years of age, had to shoulder the chief responsibilities of the farm, did practically all the work, and was kept in almost constant drudgery by his mother. His mother went so far as to deny him the necessary food and even locked him out of the house, so that for several years the boy lived on bread and bacon which his brother stole out of the house, and found his own shelter in the stable with the horses and cows. He kept his clothing in the barn, and his sleeping place was the trough or manger in front of the cows. This oppressive condition he stood as long as possible, and then informing his father that his position was unendurable, he expressed the desire to join him in the United States. Before he left Hungary Mr. Birinyi was able to read and write his native language, could add and divide in arithmetic, and knew Hungarian geography by heart and also had mastered a brief history of his native land. Ile was also well versed in the Bible and hymn book and was a constant reader of the Holy Scriptures. He never read a newspaper until he came to the United States. In the meantime a reply had been received from his father, stating that he should remain one year longer and then if he wished means would be supplied him to come to America. This year of waiting he managed to make somewhat more comfortable, obtaining his meals at his aunt's home. Finally money arrived from his father enabling him to start for America.   In November, 1902, he left his birthplace, and on December 2d arrived at Pittsburg. The 6th of December following he found his first employment with the Jones & Laughlin Steel Company on Second Avenue. He was taken in as an ordinary laborer at wages of a $1.80 a day. The next Monday morning Mr. Birinyi addressed himself to a local saloonkeeper and asked how he might learn the English language. The saloonkeeper told him that the best way he knew was to associate with the "bums." As this did not appeal to him especially he secured a language book written by Ignatius Roth of Pittsburg. It was small enough to slip into his pocket and he carried it with him constantly, studying at every opportunity, at noon and evenings. During that time he was boarding with fifteen other men, and the quarters for all of them consisted of two rooms and a kitchen. Poor fare brought on indigestion, and for two months he was an inmate of a local hospital   For four or five years he continued to live in Pittsburg and remained in the steel works,   274 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   rising to the position of stokerman. In the summer of 1907 he went to Crescent Academy at Crescent, North Carolina, with the intention of preparing for the ministry of the Reformed Church. While there he paid his way by carrying mail. Later he entered Franklin and Marshall Academy at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, completed the academic course in 1909, and in 1913 received the A. 13. degree from Franklin and Marshall college. During his work at Pittsburg he had saved some eight or nine hundred dollars, but turned over all this fund to his father with the exception of a hundred dollars, which he used as the modest capital to start his education. He paid most of his expenses while in academy and college and was frequently sent out to do missionary work among Hungarians during the summer. Ile taught Hungarian children in Sunday schools, preached in the Hungarian churches, and did a great deal of the work of enlightenment among his fellow countrymen. Many times he found boys and girls in poor eireumstances who deserved help, and he finally arranged with the Dubuque German College at Dubuque, Iowa, to accept a number of students under his recommendation. Altogether he sent more than thirty-five Hungarians to this educational center and one of them has recently become Mrs. Birinyi.   In 1913, after leaving Franklin and Marshall College, Mr. Birinyi entered the law school of Western Reserve University at Cleveland and was given his LL. B. degree in 1916. He began practice on the first of August of that year. having been admitted to the Ohio bar on July 1, 1916. Mr. Birinyi's offices are in the Woodland Bank Building at the corner of Buckeye road and East Eighty-Ninth street. In 1917 he was proposed as a candidate for councilman from his home ward. Mr. Birinyi is affiliated with the Woodmen of the World and is a member of the Hungarian Reformed Church.   Mr. and Mrs. Birinyi were married by Dr. Charles F. Thwing, President of Western Reserve University, on February 24, 1917. The circumstances of their wedding were unusual, and the Cleveland Plain Dealer published a portrait of the bride with the following comment : "A romance, the foundation for which was laid four years ago when Louis Birinyi, Hungarian attorney, procured for Miss Anna Lemak a free scholarship in a western college, and which began to flourish when the young woman two years ago became the young lawyer's stenographer, will reach its climax today in the marriage of the couple." Miss Anna Lemak was born in the city of Szatmar Nemeti, Hungary, a town more than a thousand years old, was educated there, graduating from the local college, and came to the United States in May, 1913. She finished her education at St. Mary's Academy at Nauvoo, Illinois. One child, Louis K., was born April 13, 1918.   WILLIAM E. HUBER is an electrical engineer, a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science of Cleveland, and has found increasing opportunities for usefulness in his profession for a number of years. He is at present secretary and general manager of the Electric Railway Improvement Company. As one of the important concerns of Cleveland this business deserves some special mention.   It originated in 1903, with Albert B. Herrick as president and general manager, F. W. Treadway, vice president, J. 13. Fay, secretary and treasurer, and W. B. Cleveland and F. H. Neff. directors. The company was established and its purpose throughout has been to manufacture rail bonds and rail bonding apparatus. Applianee of this type were previously manufactured at Cleveland by the Forest City Electric Company, who made what is known as the plug type of rail bonds. The development of the technical processes presents some facts in history that will he of interest to the general public. Even the layman understands that in electric railway construction the rails must he bonded together electrically for the transmission of the return current. This bonding formerly was a difficult process and afforded no end of trouble. The first bonds were copper or iron wire fastened with a crude rivet device. Later this method was improved by using channel pins or by expanding enlarged ends of wire, and from that a cable or laminated wire conductor was used as the bond. The chief difficulty was encountered in connecting this bond with the steel rail.   The problem was solved by the Electric Railway Improvement Company in developing methods of electric and copper welding. As a result the bond is connected with the rail by a true weld, affording a permanent and perfect electrical contact and making the connection durable and efficient.   The Electric Railway Improvement Company manufactures both the bonds and the bonding apparatus. In the spring of 1907 they brought out a small bonding car weigh-   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 275   ing three tons, and operated by electric power over the tracks and capable of welding a bond in an average of less than two minutes. The company also makes a small portable electric bond welder that weighs less than 300 pounds. In 1905 they manufactured 5,000 bonds, while in 1916 the output was over 750,000 bonds. The company employs forty men and has a plant of 36,000 square feet of floor space. They were easily the pioneers in this special field of electric work and at the present time more than twenty per cent of the bonds used in the United States are manufactured by this plant. The present officers of the company are Frank H. Neff, president; R. 13. Tewksbury, vice president; Mr. Huber, secretary and general manager; H. S. Stebbins, treasurer; and C. E. Thompson and W. S. Gilkey, directors.   Mr. William E. Huber is a native of Akron, Ohio, where he was born December 5, 1881, a son of Nicholas and Carrie E. Huber. He was educated in the local schools, graduating from high school in 1900, and then entered the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, where he graduated in the electrical engineering course in 1904. The following two years he spent as an apprentice with the great Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company at East Pittsburg. On returning to Cleveland he was engaged in experimental work with the Electric Railway Improvement Company, and has won his promotion through different grades to his. present responsibilities. For a time he was superintendent, then assistant general manager, and now secretary, general manager and director.   Mr. Huber is a member of the American Institute of Electrical Engineers, of the Electric League, belongs to the college fraternities Zeta Psi and Theta Nu Epsilon, in politics is independent and a member of the Lutheran Church. August 10, 1910, he married at Cleveland Florence R. Hall. They have one daughter, Mary Jean.   SAMUEL W. MATHER. In the manufacturing line one of the important and prospering men at Cleveland is Samuel W. Mather, who has been a continuous resident of this city for almost forty years, and his business record this entire time has reflected credit on both himself and the community. Mr. Mather manufactures automobiles and burial caskets of different design and is an inventor, and since 1887 has been also in the undertaking business.   Samuel W. Mather was born at Schuyler, Herkimer County, New York, July 27, 1849. His parents were Asaph and Betsey Emily (Davis) Mather. Asaph Mather was born at Schuyler, New York. in 1821, and was a son of Samuel and Hannah (Barber) Mather. This was a very old family in Herkimer County, one that settled there among the first English colonists in that part of the state. Samuel Mather was a farmer and a veteran of the War of 1812, and his life was passed in Herkimer County. Asaph Mather grew to manhood in his native county and married there. His entire life was devoted to farming, first in Herkimer and after 1866 in Cattaraugus County, and his death occurred on his farm near Franklinville in 1892, his wife dying in the same county. They had the following children born to them : Hulda, who was the wife of Benjamin Thomas, a farmer, died in Herkimer County ; Henry, who was a cheese manufacturer. died in Cattaraugus County: John, who died on his farm in Cattaraugus County ; Samuel W.; George. who was a farmer in Cattaraugus County, died there; Emour who is a retired farmer, lives at Franklinville, New York ; Hattie, who is the wife of Eugene Edick, an undertaker, resides at Cleveland, Ohio: Asaph T., who is a conductor on the Pennsylvania Railroad, lives at Buffalo. New York; William is employed in a factory in Cattaraugus County; Mary, who is the wife of William Cooley. a retired farmer of Franklinville; and a son who died in infancy.   Samuel W. Mather grew up on the home farm and remained with his father until he was twenty-two years old. On account of a serious accident to the father, the sons had to assist in taking care of the family, and therefore Samuel W. had to leave school when about eleven years old. He was a strong, robust youth, willing and industrious, and spent many months working at such jobs as chopping wood, and for three years he burned charcoal in the woods. Ile was not satisfied, however, and even in those days tried his hand at inventing, but not until some years later found practical reward for his genius.   In 1871 Mr. Mather first came to Cleveland. He knew nothing about the grocery business; nevertheless he accepted what seemed to him a good opening and embarked in that line and carried it on for three years, at the end of which time he had exhausted all his capital and was in debt. He then went to work at the carpenter trade and kept on inventing one thing after another during the next two years,   276 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   and in his patent fire lighter then found something saleable. He went then to Philadelphia and there engaged in the manufacture of the lighter for eighteen months, and then sold his factory and went to Boston, Massachusetts, where he continued the manufacture of his device, which he had in the meantime patented, and then sold the patent and with the money obtained, like an honest and upright man, returned to Cleveland in 1879 and paid off all obligations that he had incurred in the grocery business some years previously.   Mr. Mather then began the manufacture of step ladders, washboards and similar articles and utensils, and it was not until 1882 that he went into the business of manufacturing burial caskets, which he supplied to undertakers or wholesale dealers in the trade. In 1887 he embarked in the undertaking business, and coincident with this he started a movement designed to assist people of small means who might be at any time called upon to bear the heavy expenses incidental to a funeral, this taking form as the Funeral Reform Association of the United States, the initial fee being $3 for a family, entitling them to low prices in caskets. Mr. Mather owns and operates two factories, the automobile factory being situated at No. 2336 Holmden Avenue, the casket factory in the rear of his residence, No. 2401 Holmden Avenue, his undertaking rooms and general offices being located at No. 3227 West Twenty-fifth Street. He holds a United States patent on the automobile funeral car he manufactures, which is built to accommodate the casket and flowers and with seating capacity for thirty-six people. It is, perhaps, not remarkable that so inventive and enterprising a man as Mr. Mather should see a great future in the manufacturing of a well-built automobile, with features different from any other on the market, and such an automobile Mr. Mather began to manufacture on February 1, 1911, under the name of the Mather automobile. It has proved very popular, and with normal business conditions prevailing, Mr. Mather may find himself obliged to still further add to his large force of expert workmen.   Mr. Mather was married September 6, 1887. at Franklinville, New York, to Miss Addle Viola Cooley, who died in 1902. Her parents are both deceased, her father, Henry H. Cooley, having been a retired farmer. Two children were born to this marriage: Addie May, who is the wife of J. Edward Cochran, who is an undertaker with Mr. Mather; and William H., also an undertaker, who resides with his father and assists him in his business. Mr. Mather was married, second, January 12, 1907, to Miss Laura Rock, who was born in Pennsylvania. Her parents were Louis and Rebecca Rock, and her father was a retired farmer. To this marriage two children have been born: Arline., in 1909; and Arline, in 1911.   In his political views Mr. Mather prefers to be led by no party affiliation, being perfectly able to determine right and wrong for himself, and casts his vote accordingly. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and is liberal in giving support to its many worthy enterprises. Fraternally he is identified with Cleveland Lodge, Knights of Pythias and the Chamber of Industry. Both his business and personal standing are high grade.   WILLIS B. HALE is the oldest son of the late Edwin Butler Hale, Cleveland's distinguished banker and citizen whose career is sketched elsewhere in this publication. Willis B. Hale was for many years actively associated with his father in banking but in later years he has given his time largely to the management of private investments, chiefly in mining and manufacturing properties, both at Cleveland and elsewhere.   Mr. Hale was born at Decatur, Illinois, June 17, 1847, and came to Cleveland with his parents in 1852. He attended the public schools and the old Central High School until seventeen, then entered the Phillips Academy at Andover, Massachusetts, pursuing the preparatory scientific course, and from there entered Union College at Schenectady, New York, where he was graduated A. D. in 1870. Returning to Cleveland, he took a place in his father's private bank under the name E. B. Hale & Company, and acted as receiving teller and cashier until his father's death in 1891. Soon after his father's death the bank was discontinued and Mr. Hale's active interests have since been largely of a private nature. He has large investments in copper, silver and lead mining properties in the Cceur D'Alene district of Idaho, and is president of the Hale Electric and Engineering Company. He has supplied some of the financial resources for a number of business enterprises.   Mr. Hale is a life member of the Cleveland Yacht Club, and was formerly an interested participant in the Little Mountain Club near Mentor, Ohio. lie belongs to the Alumni As-   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 277 sociation of Union College and the Alpha Chapter of the Delta Phi fraternity. He is a republican and attends the Presbyterian Church.   October 9, 1873, at Cleveland, he married Clarissa C. Worthington. Her father, George Worthington, was a prominent early settler in Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Hale have four children: Edwin Worthington Hale, who was born in 1876, was educated in the public schools of Cleveland and is a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science. lie is associated with- the United States Zinc Company, a large corporation with a plant near Pueblo, Colorado. The second child, Cara, is the wife of James 0. Rodgers, of New York City. Eleanor is Mrs. Edward C. Reader of Cleveland. The second son and youngest child, Willis W., aged thirty, is a graduate of the University School of Cleveland and is now vice president and general manager of the Hale Electric & Engineering Company and general manager of the Willis Electric Company, manufacturers of a varied line of electrical apparatus.   HOSEA E. HILL. While the young men of Cleveland were marshalling and girding themselves in military preparation during the summer of 1917, the local press announced the death of an old time military officer and a veteran of the Civil war in the person of Col. Hosea E. Hill, who died at his home in this city August 1, 1917, at the age of seventy-seven. Colonel Hill had a long and interesting record as a Cleveland business man and manufacturer.   He was born at Lyme, New Hampshire, September 4, 1840, and in early childhood his parents removed to Stoneham, Massachusetts, where he was reared and educated. One of his earliest experiences was working in a shoe factory. In 1861, at the age of twenty-one, he enlisted with the Fourteenth Massachusetts Infantry. Later this organization became the First Massachusetts Heavy Artillery, and he was with it throughout the period of his active service. The regiment was for a time stationed in the fortifications around Washington, later at Harpers Ferry, and finally returned to Washington.   After the war Colonel Hill engaged in the express business at Boston, Massachusetts, and while living there was interested in a local military company known as the Boston Light Dragoons. In 1871 he removed to Cleveland, and became a hide merchant. In 1894 he left that business to take an active part in the J. R. McDonald Tanning Company, as president. The name was changed to the Cleveland Tanning Company and the capital stock was gradually increased from the original $20,000 to $300,000; in 1899, at which time a reorganization was effected, with W. P. Champney, president, H. E. Hill, vice president, Harry N. Hill, secretary and general manager, and Homer McDaniel, treasurer. Upon the death of Colonel Hill his son Harry became vice president and general manager.   The Cleveland Tanning Company is one of the large and important industries of Cleveland. Colonel Hill was one of its founders but for the last ten years of his life had lived retired from more than a nominal participation in its affairs. The company manufactures large quantities of automobiles, carriage, furniture and fancy leathers and trimmings and is an industry that furnishes employment to 175 men.   Colonel Hill was for thirty years an active member of the Castalia Trout Club, and that represented one of his most prominent diversions. He was for many years a city park commissioner and took an active part in planning the present park system. After coming to Cleveland he continued his interest in military affairs and for a number of years was colonel of the Fifth Ohio Infantry. lie was a member of Memorial Post of the Grand Army of the Republic and in politics a republican.   At Methuen, Massachusetts, May 18, 1861, he married Mary Pillsbury, who with four children survive him. The oldest is Mrs. Howard Burgess of Cleveland ; Harry N. is the older son; Mrs. Frederick G. Knabenshue is the wife of Lieutenant Colonel Knabenshue, now stationed at Camp Lewis, Tacoma, Washington ; and the youngest child is Louis E.   Harry N. Hill, who succeeded his father as active executive of the Cleveland Tanning Company, was born at Boston, Massachusetts, May 1, 1866. He came to Cleveland with his parents at the age of five years and here attended the grammar and high schools and in 1883 entered the Milnor Hall Preparatory School at Gambier, Ohio. From that he entered Kenyon College, but spent only one year in college when he returned to Cleveland and found work as an office boy with the Nickel Plate Railway. Three months later he entered the offices of W. H. McCurdy, iron and steel merchant, as clerk, and was   278 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   promoted to salesman. In 1887 he continued in the same business as city salesman for the Cleveland-Brown Company, but in 1898 went with the Cleveland Tanning Company, at first as salesman, was elected secretary and general manager of the company in 1899, and in August, 1917, became vice president and general manager.   Mr. Harry Hill is prominent in national leather manufacturing circles, being a director of the National Association of Tanners, chairman of the Board of the National Association of Patent and Enamel Leather Manufacturers, is president of the Tanners Leather Company, of Newark, New Jersey, and a director of the American Auto Trimming Company.   Socially he is a member of the Union and Clifton clubs, the Westwood Country Club, the Chamber of Commerce, the Automobile Club, the Rotary Club, and the Beta Theta Pi Club of New York City and the Detroit Athletic Club. In politics he is a republican. On April 25, 1888, at Cleveland, Mr. Harry hill married Mary W. Mathivet. They have four children. Harold M., aged twenty-seven, was educated in the Cleveland public schools, had an extensive experience as a civil engineer in Texas, and is now superintendent of the Japanning Department of the Cleveland Tanning Company ; Gladys is Mrs. B. M. Johnson, of Pittsburg; Dana E., aged twenty-two was educated in the local public schools and in Kenyon College, but after the second year left school to become an apprentice with the American Steel Foundry Company and was recently commissioned a second lieutenant at the Fort Benjamin Harrison Officers Training Camp; Victor, the youngest, aged twelve, is a student in the Lakewood public school.   PHILIP H. KEESE, D. D. S. Dr. Philip H. Keese is one of the oldest men in continuous service as a dental surgeon in Cleveland, having practiced and maintained offices in this city for almost forty years. He is prominent in Masonry and a man of many interesting characteristics and of great popularity in his home city.   He was born June 3, 1859, in Hamburg. New York, a son of John Keese, a native of the same state and of American Revolutionary stock. He was a farmer and owned a large stock farm just out of Buffalo, New York. The mother, Lucina (Kelley) Keese, was also born in New York and is now living at Cleveland at the age of eighty-eight. She is of Irish descent and some of her forefathers also fought as soldiers in the Revolution.   Doctor Reese was educated in the grammar and high schools of Cleveland, whither he came as a child with his parents. He took his professional training in the Philadelphia Dental College and was given the degree D. D. S. in 1879. He at once returned to Cleveland, and he has always kept abreast of the important advances in his profession, and is a member in high standing of the Cleveland, the Northern Ohio, the Ohio State and the American Dental societies.   From early manhood he has been a zealous student and active worker in Masonry, and few members of the craft have received more conspicuous honors. He is a member and past master of Iris Lodge, No. 229, Free and Accepted Masons; was first master of Lakewood Lodge, No. 601: is a veteran member of Cleve. land Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; honorary member of Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; veteran of llolyrood Commandery, Knights Templar: a life member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine; an honorary member of Medina Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, Chicago; a life member of Lake Erie Consistory, and is president of the Masonic Temple Company at Lakewood. He was potentate of Al Koran Temple in 1902-03. and in 1902 conducted a party of 110 nobles from Cleveland by special train to the conclave at San Francisco. In commemoration of this occasion, the nobles of the Cleveland Shrine presented their illustrious potentate with a magnificent gold watch appropriately engraved. He is also affiliated with Cleveland Lodge, No. 18. Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. Doctor Keese is a member of many local clubs, but probably his favorite is the Quinnebog Fishing Club. He is an ardent disciple of Isaak Walton and nothing affords him keener pleasure than pulling a bass out of the running waters. When his friends fail to locate him in his usual town haunts they express a unanimous opinion that he has gone fishing, and prepare against his return with a stock of seasonable fish stories. Doctor Keese is a republican, though not active as a party man, and was formerly president of the board of health at Lakewood. Doctor Keese married at Cleveland Lora N. Wooldridge, a native of this city and a daughter of Michael Wooldridge. Her father was an early settler in Cleveland and his old home at Woodland and Wilson avenues was established when that   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 279   part of the city was in the midst of a heavy forest. The Wooldridges are of English descent and have been in America for many generations.   Doctor and Mrs. Keese have two children. Bessie married R. C. Mitchell, sales manager of the Cleveland Farr Brick Company, and they have one daughter, Alice Marie. Alice is the wife of Harry L. Keetch, chief of one of the chemical departments of the National Carbon Works. They also have a daughter, Lora Isabel].   GEORGE L. HARRISON. Since January, 1912, George L. Harrison has been a resident of Cleveland, where he is known as a prosperous and enterprising business man. He is a vice president and general manager of the Cleveland Metal Products Company, with which concern he has been identified since his advent in this city.   Mr. Harrison was born at Martin's Ferry, Ohio, a son of Joseph and Rosella P. (Lewis) Harrison. The father, likewise a native of Martin's Ferry, was born in 1848 and he was reared a farmer. After reaching manhood he engaged in the general merchandise business, following that line of enterprise until 1892, when he located at Barnesville, where he erected a large store and conducted a general merchandise business until his death, July 17, 1913. Though a mere boy at the time of the Civil war he entered the Union army for one hundred days' service and marched to the sea with General Sherman. He was a first cousin of Frederick Harrison, the well known English historian. In Georgetown, Harrison County, Ohio, was solemnized his marriage to Miss Roselle P. Lewis, who was summoned to the life eternal June 10, 1913. Four children were born of this union: Frank L., George L., Earl G. and Walter R. Earl G. Harrison is in the mercantile business formerly conducted by his father. Frank L. and Walter R. Harrison conduct a large shirt factory, known under the name of Harrison Brothers, at Barnesville, Ohio.   To the public schools of his native place George L. Harrison is indebted for his early educational training, which included a course in the local high school, in which he was graduated in 1895. He was then matriculated as a student in Washington and Jefferson College at Washington, Pennsylvania, which he attended for two years, at the expiration of which he returned to Barnesville and there engaged in the general merchandise business with his father as partner and manager for the ensuing eight years. In 1905 he located in New Philadelphia, Ohio, as manager and director of the Belmont Stamping & Enameling Company, remaining with that concern until January, 1912, when he came to Cleveland as general superintendent of the Cleveland Metal Products Company. In January, 1913, he was elected vice president and a member of the board of directors of the above company and two years later was made president of the same. In January, 1917, this company was merged with the Cleveland Foundry, under the name of the Cleveland Metal Products Company. Mr. Harrison was then elected a vice president and general manager of the original plant, known now as the Ivanhoe plant.   In Barnesville. Ohio, June 19, 1901, Mr. Harrison married Miss Frances C. Judkins, and to them has been born one child, Anna Katherine, now a pupil in the public school.   Mr. Harrison is a valued and appreciative member of the Shaker Heights Country Club, and of the Phi Gamma Delta college fraternity. His political convictions coincide with the principles set forth in the republican party and in religions faith he is a Methodist. He is a man of fine mentality and broad human sympathy. Always courteous, kindly and affable, those who know him personally accord him the highest esteem. Just as he is square and reliable in his business dealings, so he is sincere and trustworthy in his friendships.   CLAYTON H. FORCE. Among the men who have risen to positions of importance in the financial world of Cleveland during recent years, one who has made steady progress and has relied solely upon his own efforts in gaining advancement is Clayton H. Force, assistant secretary of the Guardian Savings and Trust Company. Mr. Force became connected with this institution in 1902, in a minor capacity, and with the development of his abilities have come fitting recognition of his services and a consequent series of promotions that have given him a substantial place among the younger bankers of the Forest City.   Mr. Force was born at Mantua, Portage County, Ohio, July 23, 1880, a son of C. W. and Hettie (Keys) Force. His paternal grandfather was Robert Force, a native of Virginia who was a pioneer of the vicinity of Milton, Ohio, where he passed the remaining years of his life in the pursuits of agriculture. C. W. Force was born not far from   280 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   Milton, Ohio, where he was reared and educated, and as a young man moved to Mantua, where he established himself in business as the proprietor of a country store. He continued to follow mercantile lines there until his death in 1891, and was adjudged one of his community 's well-to-do as he was also one of its highly respected citizens. He was there married in 1878 to Hettie Keys, a daughter of Benjamin Keys, who was born in Vermont and went as a pioneer to Mantua by stage coach, that community being the scene of his farming operations until his death in 1886.   The only child of his parents, Clayton H. Force received his early education in the public schools of Mantua, which he attended until he was about ten years of age. After the death of his father he came to Cleveland, and here completed his public school education, subsequently taking a commerical course at the Spencerian Business College, from which he was duly graduated at the age of eighteen years. At that time he secured a position as bookkeeper in the department store conducted by W. J. Cardie, with whom he remained for two years, and then engaged as a bookkeeper with the Guardian Savings and Trust Company, with which institution he has been connected to the present time. Mr. Force soon showed himself capable, faithful, energetic and willing, and as these qualities came to the notice of his employers he was given gradual advancement until in 1905 he was placed in charge of the stock transfer department. He discharged the duties of this position ably, as he did of others, and July 17, 1917, was elected assistant secretary of the company, an office which he has since retained.   Mr. Force is a member of Lakewood Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and Cunningham Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, both of Cleveland. He is also well known in club life, belonging to the City Club, the West Shore Country Club and the Cleveland Automobile Club. As a public-spirited citizen, interested in the progress of his city 'a industries and institutions, he is an active member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce, his home being located in the suburb of Lakewood. lie has never been interested in politics as a seeker for personal preferment, and declines to be bound by party lines, voting independently and according to his own judgment of the capability of the candidates and the desirability and worth of the issues involved. With his family he belongs to the Disciples Church.   Mr. Force was united in marriage at Cleveland, June 15, 1909, to Almira Kuhlman, daughter of Charles C. Kuhlman, one of the founders of the Kuhlman Car Company of Cleveland. To this union there have been born three children: Viola Mildred, who is attending the Lakewood public school ; and Jean Ruth and Myron Clayton.   CHARLES SUMNER HOWE. As president of the Case School of Applied Science, Mr. Howe occupies a position which makes his career a matter of special interest to all Cleveland people. He is an educator of forty years' active experience, and might properly be called a pioneer of industrial and technical education in America.   He was born at Nashua, New Hampshire, September 29, 1858, a sou of William R. and Susan D. (Woods) Howe. When he was a few months old his parents moved to Boston, and in that city he grew to manhood. He attended the Boston grammar schools, acquired his high school education at Franklin, Massachusetts, and in 1874 entered the Massachusetts Agricultural College, where he was graduated in 1878. He also put in a year of postgraduate work in mathematics and physics at Amherst and another year in the same subjects at Johns Hopkins University. Mr. Howe was awarded the Bachelor of Science degree by Massachusetts Agricultural College and Boston University in 1878, Doctor of Philosophy by the University of Wooster in 1887, and in 1905 Armour Institute of Technology conferred upon him the honorary degree of Doctor of Science, and he holds the honorary degree LL. 1). from Mount Union College in 1908 and from Oberlin College in 1911.   Mr. Howe was principal of the Longmeadow High School of Longmeadow, Massachusetts, in 1879, and from that year to 1881 was principal of a preparatory academy at Albuquerque, New Mexico, under the charge of Colorado College at Colorado Springs. For over thirty-five years his work has been in the State of Ohio. He was professor of mathematics and astronomy at Buchtel College, Akron, 1883-1889, and in 1889 came to the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, at first as professor of mathematics and astronomy, and since 1902 as president.   His work has naturally brought him in close   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 281   touch with many educational societies and he has personally done much to advance the interests of many such organizations. He is a member of the National Education Association, the North Central Association of Colleges and Preparatory Schools, College Entrance Examination Board, was first president of the Ohio Association of Teachers of Mathematics and Science, is former president and a life member of the Council of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, was member of the board of managers and was first chairman of the Ohio section of the Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, was a member of the Cleveland Educational Commission, chairman of the advisory committee of the Cleveland High School of Commerce, was chairman of the committee on the simplification of engineering degrees of the Society for the Promotion of Engineering Education, was member of the committee on the teaching of mathematics to engineering students appointed by the American Society for the Advancement of Science, chairman of the section on technical schools of the International Committee on the Teaching of Mathematics, member of the committee of ten on the relation of industrial education to the public school system, appointed by the Society for the Promotion of Industrial Education, and member of the council from the section of education, American Association for the Advancement of Science.   He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and at different times has been appointed as vice president of the section of engineering, secretary of the section of mathematics, secretary of the council and general secretary of the organization. He is a member of the American Mathematical Society, member of the American Astronomical and Astrophysical Society, fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society, and has contributed a number of articles to the Astronomical Journal and the Journal of the Association of Engineering Societies.   During his long residence at Cleveland Mr. Howe has co-operated with many civic movements and has filled a number of positions in important civic organizations. He is an ex-president of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, was chairman of its committee on city finances. is an ex-president of the Cleveland University Club, ex-president of the Cleveland Engineering Society, was chairman of the Cleveland Bridge Commission, was chair- man of the Cleveland River and Harbor Commission, member of the Merchants' Marine League, was a member of the first White House Conference on the Conservation of the Natural Resources of the United States, was a member of the National Committee on City Planning. and is a member of the National Civic Federation.   Mr. Howe belongs to the University Club of Cleveland, is an honorary member of the University Club of Washington, honorary member of the Union Club of Cleveland, member of the Cleveland City Club and of the City Club of New York. On May 22, 1882, he married Miss Abbie A. Waite, of North Amherst, Massachusetts.   ALBERT H. MARTY, owner of the Weber Iron Works at 6816 Union Avenue, is an expert machinist and ironworker and learned the trade in his native land of Switzerland. and employment in different capacities for several large industrial concerns in this country gave him the experience and qualifications for the successful handling of his present industry.   Mr. Marty was born at Kallnach, Canton Berne, Switzerland, August 1, 1886. His father, John Marty, was born in the same locality in 1858 and has spent all his life there. For a number of years he was manager of a sugar beet factory. He is also a man of political prominence in his locality, and for the past six years has been mayor of his village. From the age of twenty to fifty he was subject to regular duty, or at call, with the Swiss army. He and his family worship in the Evangelical Protestant faith. John Marty married Lena Mory, who wag born at Kallnach in 1864. She twice visited her sons and relatives in Cleveland. and during the second visit died here in 1896. She was the mother of six children: Hans, who died at the age of two years; Fritz, who died when four years old ; Lena, wife of Gottfried Tchantz, a resident of Cleveland ; John, who conducts a restaurant in Cleveland; Albert H.; and Alfred H., who is a conductor of a government railroad, living at Olten, Switzerland.   Albert H. Marty was educated in the common schools of his native village, and in 1902 graduated from high school at Aarberg, Switzerland. He was then sixteen years old, and for the following three years he worked as an apprentice in the iron business and for one year was employed in learning various   282 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   branches of electrical construction and operation. His first regular position was as machinist and toolmaker with the Martini Automobile Company at San Blaise, Switzerland, He was there two years, and in 1907 came to the United States. His first work in this country was done in the experimental department of the Singer Sewing Machine Company at Elizabethport, New Jersey. Three months later he came to Cleveland, spent one year as toolmaker with the Brown Hoisting Machine Company, worked at Akron for a year with the Goodrich Rubber Company, and for a year and a half with the Burger Iron Works. In 1909 he returned to Cleveland. and was again with the Brown Hoisting Machine Company for a year and a half. For two years Mr. Marty was connected with the Peerless Automobile Company, and was superintendent for the National Tool Company until 191:3. In that year he became a partner with Mr. Jacob Weber, who in 1912 had bought the plant of the Weber Iron Works. At Mr. Weher's death Mr. Marty bought the business and is now sole owner of the works. This is one of the leading concerns of its kind, manufacturing ornamental work of all kinds, including wire and stair works, fire escapes and other forms of light structural iron. The business output finds markets in Cleveland and various other sections of the state. It is a plant requiring the services of about thirty-five people.   Mr. Marty is prominent in the various organizations of his fellow countrymen in Cleveland, being a member of the Schweizer Verein, the oldest Swiss society in Cleveland, a member of the Swiss Singers' Society, the Swiss Turnverein and the Concordia Maennerchoir. He also belongs to the Cleveland Building Trade Association, is affiliated with Concordia Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar; and since becoming an American citizen has cast his vote according to the dictates of his individual conscience.   Mr. Marty and family reside at 3469 East Sixty-fifth Street. He married, in Cleveland, in 1911, Miss Augusta Trampenau, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Gottfried Trampenau, both residents of Cleveland. Her father is a carpenter. Mr. and Mrs. Marty have two children: Alice, born October 28, 1912, and Albert H., Jr., born May 5, 1914.   GEORGE W. JONES. The Geometric Stamping Company, while not among the largest industries of Cleveland, is a most successful and growing concern and is a valuable auxiliary to Cleveland's productiveness as an automobile manufacturing center.   The business was established in 1914 as a copartnership by William Hafemeister and Dave R. Jones. After a few months they incorporated, the present officers of the company being: Dave R. Jones, president; B. L. Mallory, vice president; and George W. .Jones, secretary and treasurer.   In February, 1917, the company occupied its present plant, thoroughly modern and equipped with all the latest type of machinery for the stamping and shaping of steel and other metal plates. Most of the output of the factory is automobile parts and electric appliances, and the company is now supplying many of the large automobile plants of the Cleveland district. At the beginning only two men operated the simple equipment of machinery and today about thirty men are on the pay roll. Since October 1, 1917, the company has done practically nothing but work on Government contracts, but will resume its normal work after the war.   George W. Jones of this company was born at Cleveland August 5, 1884, son of Richard D. Jones. His father was born in Wales in November, 1851, and was five years of age when in 1856 his parents came to America and settled at Johnstown, Pennsylvania. In 1860 the family came to Cleveland, where Richard Jones finished his education in the public school. The family has a natural inclination for mechanical industries and Richard Jones was connected with the Union Rolling Mills until 1890. He then went into partnership with Mr. Forrester in the manufacture of wall plaster. In 1893 they established another plant at Buffalo, New York, and Richard Jones moved to that city and was manager of the plant's operations until 1905. In that year he sold his interests and has since lived retired at Cleveland. On May 29, 1878, at Cleveland, he married Hattie A. Gill. They are the parents of three children: George W.; Dave R., president of the Geometric Stamping Company; and Bertha M., Mrs. N. C. Schlegel, of Cleveland.   George W. Jones was educated partly in Cleveland and partly in Buffalo, New York, leaving high school at the age of eighteen to take a place as office man with the Buffalo   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 283   Mill Supply Company. He was there three years, then returned to Cleveland and entered the service of the American Shipbuilding Company as foreman. Mr. Jones left the shipbuilding company in 1915 to become secretary and treasurer of the Geometric Stamping Company. He is affiliated with Euclid Lodge, No. 599, Free and Accepted Masons; Mount Olive Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; also Coeur de Lion Commandery, Knights Templar, and Al Sirat Grotto. He is a republican voter and a member of the Baptist Church. On March 29, 1907, at Cleveland, he married Florence I. Bause. They have two children, Margaret H. and Richard B., both attending the public schools.   FORREST E. KEISER, vice president and general manager of the Standard Top & Equipment Company, is an expert painter, especially in that exacting department of the art which applies to the painting and decorating of automobiles. It is Mr. Keiser's special proficiency in this line that has been responsible for the remarkable success of the Standard Top & Equipment Company.   Mr. Keiser was born in Miamisburg, Ohio, March 26, 1875, a son of Charles and Alice (Brough) Keiser. At the age of seventeen he graduated from the Miamisburg High School and soon afterwards was at Peoria, Illinois, employed by the well remembered old bicycle house of Rouse, Hazzard & Company; He was employed by them in painting stripes on their bicycles, and remained with the company two years. While there he also did some bicycle racing. He then removed to Chi. cago and did the same line of work for one year for the Fowler Bicycle Company.   Returning to his old home at Miamisburg, Mr. Keiser went through a thorough apprenticeship at the painting trade and was a journeyman with the Kauffman Buggy Company for six years. This was followed by a six months' course in a business college at Dayton, and the Stoddard Dayton Motor Car Company then took him on their pay roll as superintendent of the paint department for two years. Mr. Keiser went to Miamisburg from Dayton and again resumed work for the Kauffman Buggy Company, as superintendent of the painting department. He was with them nine years and for the following two years had charge of the painting department of the Garford Company, motor truck manufacturers at Elyria, Ohio. The next year he was given charge of the trimming department, and from there came to Cleveland and bought a half interest •in the Standard Top & Equipment Company.   Mr. Keiser is affiliated with the Junior Order of United American Mechanics, is a republican in politics and a member of the Methodist Church. He married, at Miamisburg, Ohio, May 2, 1900, Elizabeth Brumbaugh. They have two children : Charles, aged sixteen and a student in the high school ; and Frederick, aged seven, in grammar school.   ANDREW J, McNAMARA, M. D. has been secretary and medical director of the Neal Institute since it was organized in 1910. What the Neal Institute is and the work it has done are known to many thousands, but there is no possibility that appreciation and understanding could ever be extended too far.   Hundreds of men owe this institute their recreated careers. Through it they have been put on new paths that led them to prominence and success and have made them helpful and useful factors in the development of the city. Many of these men today occupy high positions in the community and it is impossible to measure adequately the good that has been done—good; that will extend down to the children from generation to generation.   Over five thousand cases have been treated by Doctor McNamara at the Neal Institutes located in Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati, Pittsburgh and Detroit. As a result Doctor McNamara has studied the liquor question probably more closely than any living physician. These five thousand eases represent men who have left the doors of the institute and immediately have become useful citizens. Doctor McNamara's connection with his graduates has not ended when they left the institution. He has kept in close touch with them, has studied them and their subsequent careers and in many instances has an intimate personal knowledge of these men covering a period of seven years.   One of the interesting results of these investigations and study is that Doctor McNamara has come to a conclusion quite opposite to many popular and widely prevailing opinions on the subject. The general study of the effect of alcohol has been confined to men in penitentiaries, in poorhouses or insane asylums, and from that the conclusion has been derived that alcohol works a specific injury to the cells of the brain. Doctor McNamara's investigations have not sus-   284 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   tained that view. He holds that the breakdown in the mental system is the result of an over crowded, overworked brain, but that there is no appreciable physical change that can be credited absolutely to alcohol. A technical discussion would not be in place here, but the statement may be made that of all the five thousand cases turned out as cured there has been no evidence that permanent mental impairment has followed the use of alcohol.   The Cleveland home of the Neal Institute is in the old residence of John D. Rockefeller at 3920 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Rockefeller has himself taken occasion on numerous instances to give his highest commendation and praise to the work that is being done in his old home. The high character of this work also has a testimony in the fact that when working men are turned out of the institution they at once step into positions held out to them by many large employers in Cleveland and in other cities where the institutes are located. These employers have shown a disposition to co-operate and lend a helping hand and give the Neal Institutes graduates a chance for a new and better life.   Dr. Andrew J. McNamara was born May 12, 1872, at Terryville, Litchfield County, Connecticut, a son of John and Elizabeth (O'Meara) McNamara, both natives of Ireland. His father died in 1909 and his mother in 1892.   Doctor McNamara attended the grammar and high schools in his native town and was a member of the class of 1891 in Niagara University. He was also a student in the University of New York, hut completed his professional education in Wooster University Medical School of Cleveland, where he graduated M. D. in 1896. For three years he was assistant superintendent of the Cleveland State Hospital and for five years handled a large private practice at Lorain, Ohio, and during that time was president of the Lorain County Medical Society. He was also a member of the Legislative Committee of the Ohio State Medical Society and was an auxiliary member of the Legislative Committee of the American Medical Association.   Doctor McNamara in 1910 assisted in organizing the Neal Institute and became its secretary and medical director. The other officers are: W. J. Raddatz, of Cleveland, president ; R. L. Read, of Des Moines, vice president ; T. A. McCaslin, of Cleveland, director; and Ren Mulford, of Cincinnati, director.   Dr. McNamara is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Cleveland Advertising Club, Tippecanoe Club, Automobile Club, Old Colony Club, City Club, Cleveland Yacht Club and the Knights of Columbus. He is an active republican, and in former years was a member of the Republican State Executive Committee and represented his party in both state and county conventions.   In 1898, at Leetonia, Ohio, Doctor McNamara married Miss Jennie Josephine Schmick. Her father, the late C. N. Schmick, was at one time president of the Cherry Vallay Iron Works at Leetonia. Doctor and Mrs. McNamara have one daughter, Elizabeth Margaret now attending Laurel Institute.   WALTER T. FINDLEY has been identified with Cleveland since 1904, is connected with the sales force of the American Can Company, and is also organizer and president of the Superior Sand Company.   Mr. Findley's successful position is due to the intelligent and energetic use of those opportunities which lie in the path of every earnest and ambitious young man. He was born at Mercer, Pennsylvania, March 18, 1865, a son of John R. and Mary R. Findley. His education was finished at the age of fifteen. At that date he left high school in Pittsburgh and, going to Bradford, Pennsylvania, found work as a reporter on the Bradford Era. He performed the duties of a news gatherer and helped get out the paper for five years, and with this experience removed to Conneaut, Ohio, where he had the active management of the Conneaut Herald for another period of five years.   He was graduated from newspaper work into a business career with the Record Manufacturing Company, manufacturers of tin cans. He remained with that concern at Conneaut until 1900, at which time the American Can Company absorbed the business, with many other plants, and with the larger corporation Mr. Findley was transferred to Chicago and made a salesman in that city. In 1904 he was moved to the Cleveland plant, and has since had charge of the outside ,sales for the American Can Company of Cleveland.   In 1910 Mr. Findley organized the Superior Sand Company, and has been its chief executive officer from the beginning. This is now one of the largest concerns of its kind in Northern Ohio. They own and operate eighteen sand pits in the State of Ohio, have 100 people employed and have selling branches in New Lexington, Wilburn, New   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 285   Comerstown, Beach City, Shinrock and Sandusky, Ohio, and at Atlantic, Pennsylvania. The Superior Sand Company ships its products to all parts of the United States and Canada, the output averaging 4,000 carloads a year. The main offices are in Cleveland.   Mr. Findley is well known socially, being a member of the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Chicago Country Club, the Old Colony Club, and has a host of Cleveland friends and admirers who find him in his bachelor headquarters at the Hollenden Hotel.   JOHN LAWSON YOUNG. Truth is not necessarily stranger, hut is vastly more interesting than fiction. For instance, about twenty years ago there was a young Cleveland man working as driver of a laundry wagon. He was apparently leading a contented and carefree existence, earning a fair living, putting in ten or more hours a day, stopping and calling at the back doors of homes and shops collecting and delivering his laundry bundles. Ile was justified by family circumstances in having given up school advantages at the age of fourteen.   He had a young wife and an extremely young daughter. This daughter is the big point in the story. One day in the course of his rounds he passed a shop in which a number of young women were employed at rather dirty and disagreeable work. A little farther along he saw a rather exclusive private boarding school, with well dressed and well mannered young girls grouped around the door. It was a contrast that did not fail to send its lesson home. Again and again the question recurred to the young man, "Will my daughter, when she grows up, have to accept a routine of monotonous drudgery or will she have the privileges and opportunities of life afforded by good schools and cultured surroundings?"   In the careers of many men there is revealed somewhere in the past a turning point, a crisis, an hour or a day when they are presented a vision of the future and must decide and strike out new courses in their destiny. It was the little situation above described that brought John Lawson Young face to face with himself, his future, his responsibilities. Few Cleveland people remember him as the driver of a laundry wagon. The inhabitants of the sixth city of the United States know him as president and head of the Young Furniture Company, the largest and most perfect organization in point of facilities and service for the supply of retail furniture in the city.   Mr. Young was born in Delaware. Ohio, December 26, 1875, son of George W. and Lydia (Colflesh) Young. His father spent his early life on a farm, later was in the hardware business at Delaware, and was also member of the Clark & Young Lumber Company. His wife died at Delaware when John L. Young was thirteen years of age. After that the father lost the enterprise which had previously prompted him in his business affairs, and met a number of financial reverses. He is still living at Cleveland. making his home with his son John. There were four children in the family, one daughter and three sons, all living: Mrs. Coello Hamilton, a resident of Los Angeles, her husband being maker of the Hamilton rifle, manufactured at Plymouth, Michigan ; John Lawson, second in age; Robert W., who is vice president of the Young Furniture Company; and Guy E., who is connected with the Cleveland Automobile Club. The children were all born and educated in Delaware.   John Lawson Young attended the public schools of Delaware, but at the age of fourteen, after his mother's death, he left. home and tried his fortunes on his own account at Cleveland. Mr. Young confesses that in those years he was not particularly ambitious, though industrious and not ashamed to work. His first job at Cleveland brought him $3 a week, with the William Bingham Company. He also sold newspapers on the street. With some such varied experience he got his job as driver of a laundry wagon. He was driving the wagon when he married and when his first daughter was born, and might have gone on indefinitely in the rut had he not been awakened in the manner described above. Then and there he resolved to do something better and put himself in line for promotion. He felt seriously the lack of an education, and that deficiency he supplied by diligent work in a night school and also by a course in the International Correspondence School at Scranton. lie carried the technical course, which furnished him a knowledge of mechanical drawing, blue-print work and other processes. He finally put his education and talents to work by establishing a little factory known as the Strathmore Shops, at Columbus and South Water streets. He offered his services in a small way for the manufacture of fine furniture. lie did a good deal of custom work and also considerable school furni-   286 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   ture manufacturing and carried that concern along rather profitably for several years. He left that to become a salesman for the King Furniture Company of Warren, Ohio. Realizing there was a larger field in the retail furniture line, he bought the retail furniture department from the Scott, Griggs Company on East Ninth Street and Prospect Avenue. This store he operated for two years. This was followed by the organization of a stock company which bought the furniture department of the Bailey Company, the oldest and largest department store at Cleveland. This furniture department was continued IS a separate organization three years, and then Mr. Young acquired the other stock interests and again amalgamated with the Bailey Company as manager of their furniture department for five years. About two years before selling his interests to the Bailey Company, Mr. Young began developing outside furniture interests, since he recognized the limitations of a department store enterprise.   With two associates he opened three furniture stores in New York City, and these are still doing an immense business under the firm name of the D. 'I'. Owen Company, of which Mr. Young is vice president.   A few years ago Mr. Young and his associates opened at Cleveland a store at One Hundred and Fifth Street and Superior Avenue, which was followed a few months later by the store at One Hundred and Seventeenth Street and Detroit Avenue. These stores were incorporated under the name of the Robert Young Furniture Company. In 1917, after the failure of the Lederer Furniture Company on Euclid Avenue and East Sixty-first Street, the Robert Young Furniture Company bought the stock of that concern, and in November, 1917, a new corporation was formed, the Young Furniture Company, capitalized at $250,000. This company now has three large stores, at the locations named, and these stores, with their immense stock, representing some of the best known manufacturers of the United States, and with a personal organization of experts in their respective lines, gives Cleveland a business such as no other city in the United States can excel. Like all successful merchants, Mr. Young has been successful through his ability to choose and secure the co-operation of picked and able men in his special line. He is himself a thoroughly practical furniture man. He made fine furniture himself before he went into the retail business, and when he sees a piece of good furniture he can tell at a glance whether it is made right in material or whether it is properly constructed. He is a man of most engaging and congenial manners, and exemplifies all that the word courtesy means. Those qualities, together with good business principles and a thorough knowledge of his business, have gone a long way toward insuring his success. For two years, in 1915-16, he was president of the Ohio Retail Dealers' Furniture Association, and is one of the five directors of the National Retail Furniture Agencies.   Mr. Young's hobbies might be described as good furniture, good roads, and a little golf now and then. Probably no business man of Cleveland has applied himself more intensively and with greater enthusiasm to the subject of good roads and good streets than Mr. Young. That movement he has pursued with unabated interest for six years at least. He is now on his fourth year as chairman of the streets and good roads' committee of the Cleveland Automobile Club, and is constantly using his prestige as a merchant and business man and citizen to keep the good roads and good streets question permanently before the people of Cleveland and Cuyahoga County.   From 1892 to 1896 Mr, Young was a member of Company B of the old Fifth Regiment of Ohio National Guard, serving with the rank of first sergeant. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, West Side Chamber of Industry, Cleveland Advertising Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, and is a Presbyterian. He is affiliated with Forest City Lodge, No. 388, Free and Accepted Masons.   He and his interesting family reside at 14717 Lake Shore Boulevard. On August 26, 1896, he married Miss Emma May Thomas, who was born and educated at Newburg, Ohio. They have three children, all born at Cleveland, Vinnette E., Mildred C. and John L., Jr. This brief sketch would not he complete without some further mention of the older daughter. As she was the inspiration of his career, it may be taken for granted that the plans he formulated for her future when he was still driving the laundry wagon have not gone awry. She is a graduate of the East Tech High School at Cleveland, attended the Boston La.selle University, and in the fall of 1918 entered upon a four years' course in the Chicago Art School at Chicago.   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 287   GEORGE T. TRUNDLE, JR., is chief engineer of the American Multigraph Company. Mr. Trundle has been a resident of Cleveland since he was a youth, and has had. an interesting range of experience and promotion from one responsibility to another in various industrial organizations.   He was sixteen years of age when he came to Cleveland. He was born at Bakerton, near Shepardstown, West Virginia, September 26, 1884, son of George T. and Georgianna Trundle, and received his education in the grammar and high schools of his native state. The first year of his Cleveland residence he spent in the hard manual labor of trucking nails in the plant of the American Steel & Wire Company. The following year he had charge of one of the stores in the division engineer's department of the Baltimore & Ohio Railway. Work that offered more of an opportunity for his special talents and inclinations was the year he spent in the drafting room of the Otis Steel Company. The next year he was employed as a draftsman with the Royal Motor Car Company and for two years was designer and checker with the Peerless Motor Company. For three months he was in the experimental department of the National Cash Register Company and on returning to Cleveland took charge of the drafting and experimental work of the National Adding Machine Company.   On August 12, 1907, Mr. Trundle joined the American Multigraph Company, which was then comparatively a new industry. He was first employed as tool designer and checker and also did extensive experimental work in developing various ideas of the company's president, H. C. Osborn. In 1909 Mr. Trundle was promoted to his present post as chief engineer of the company, in charge of all the estimating and production work. In 1918 the American Fuse Manufacturers Association, consisting of firms manufacturing fuses, was formed at the instigation of the Ordnance Department of the United States Army with the object of creating a thorough understanding and high efficiency for the purpose of production in. its most perfect form. This organization comprises many of the best known manufacturing concerns in the country. Mr. Trundle was delegated by the Ordnance Department to organize this body, and was chosen chairman, in which capacity he now serves.   He is a member of the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Chamber of Commerce, Auto-   Vol. III-19   mobile Club, is independent in politics and a member of the Methodist Church. November 14, 1907, he married at Cleveland Ida M. Christner. Their two children are Miriam Amber and Robert Christner.   CLAUDE C. Lewis is president and general manager of the Lewis Jewelry Company, with stores at Cleveland, Akron and Youngstown. It is a business that was established in Cleveland in 1883 and has been growing and prospering for thirty-five years. The present head of the company was recruited from what has come to be regarded as the nursery of successful business men, the farm.   He was born at Fowler, thirteen miles east of Warren, Ohio, July 12, 1871, son of Alfred and Harriet (Turner) Lewis. His father spent his active life on the farm and is still living retired at Fowler. The mother died in 1892. Both were born in Fowler, and their parents were New Englanders and were early settlers in a community made up largely of New England people. Alfred Lewis and wife had nine children, six sons and three daughters, and all are living but two. Claude is the oldest. Mrs. R. D. Baldwin lives at Fowler. A. G. Lewis is an engineer on the Erie Railway and lives at Cleveland. C. H. Lewis is a farmer at Fowler, Carlton was a farmer and miller, one of the well known and influential men of Trumbull County. He left his regular work to take a temporary position as superintendent of road building for the Erie Railway and was accidentally killed while at that work at Leavittsburg. He was thirty-seven years of age when he died. A sister, Mrs. Charles 0. Hulbert, lives at Fowler, where her husband has a general store and flour and feed mill. Mrs. Elmer Coller lives at Greenville, Pennsylvania. Robert J. is a resident of Fowler, and Frank, the youngest, died at the age of eighteen months. All the children were born at Fowler.   Claude C. Lewis was educated in the public schools of Fowler. He was eighteen years of age when he came to Cleveland and entered the jewelry business of his uncle, Frederick B. Lewis, who in 1883 had established his stock on Euclid Avenue. where the Browning-King & Company clothing store is now. Frederick B. Lewis was the active head of the business until he retired ten years ago, and is now living at Long Beach, California. Claude C. Lewis was associated with his uncle and learned the business under his direction. From 1893 to 1898, however, he   288 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   was in business for himself at 204 Superior Avenue, where he had his office with a wholesale house. Later he again became associated with his uncle at 37 Colonial Arcade. In the meantime the business had been organized as the Lewis Jewelry Company, and Mr. Claude Lewis was located at No. 37 Colonial Arcade for eighteen years. On July 16, 1916, he moved to more ample quarters at the Prospect Avenue entrance to the Colonial Arcade. The Lewis Jewelry Company was incorporated in 1908, just before Frederick B. Lewis retired. In April of that year Claude C. Lewis bought his uncle's interest, and since then has been president and general manager of the company. There are two stores in Cleveland, one at 603-607 Prospect Avenue, the other at 51 Superior Arcade. The branch at Akron is in the Buchtel Hotel Building, and the one at Youngstown is in the Hippodrome Arcade. The other officers of the company are: N. Ray Carroll, vice president; H. W. Little, treasurer; W. K. Stanley, secretary. It is one of the highest class establishments of its kind in Ohio and is one of the most reliable centers for such merchandise as diamonds, watches and jewelry.   Mr. Lewis has a number of other active business interests. He is president of the Lewis Realty Company of Cleveland and is a director of the Fidelity Savings and Loan Company. For five years he was a member of the old Fifth Regiment in Company A of the Ohio National Guard, and for two years was a member of the Cleveland Grays.   Mr. Lewis and faMily reside at Bedford, Ohio. He has been somewhat active in politics there for the good of the town, serving on the council several times and filling an unexpired term as mayor. His home has been in Bedford since 1904. He is an independent voter and supported Woodrow Wilson, with whose administration in general he is an enthusiastic and loyal supporter. Mr. Lewis is affiliated with Bedford Lodge, No. 375, Free and Accepted Masons; Summit Chapter, No. 74, Royal Arch Masons; Cleveland Chamber of Commerce; Cleveland Automobile Club; and he and his wife attend and are contributors to the Methodist Episcopal Church at Bedford.   January 1, 1902, he married Miss Nellie E. Little, of Solon, Ohio. Her parents, both now deceased, were Lucien J. and Sylvia Marie (Conkey) Little, farmers of Solon. MN. Lewis was born and educated at Solon. She is a member of the Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church, is a member of the Mothers Club of Bedford, and is active in Red Cross Work. They have two children, Harold J. and Juanita E.   BARON RAZIO SANJUST DI TEULADA. While he is one of the titled nobility of old Italy and Spain, with ancestral ties connecting him with reigning houses running back into the Middle Ages, Baron di Teulada is one of Cleveland's most democratic young business men and in practically everything but his name and title is an American through and through.   The Baron represents the historic family of Sanjust. This family is still represented in Rome and in Sardinia. Its original seat was Catalogna, in Spain, where since the Eighth Century it has been noble and powerful. In the Thirteenth Century it was established on the Island of Sardinia with the court of Spain. The King of Spain conferred upon the Sanjusts the feuds of Villa Greca (1350), Furtei (1400), Pauli-Pirri (1414), Sisari (1421) and others. From this family came brave and faithful warriors, governors. generals, diplomats, and a viceroy of King Charles II of Spain. Upon this viceroy, Don Francesco Sanjust, Charles II conferred the titles of Count of San Lorenzo (April 20, 1690), Marquis of San Sperate, Marquis of Neoneli, Count of Tuili, Lord of Casaforte. Count Dalmazzo Sanjust di San Lorenzo, a descendant of Count Francesco, was a general of the imperial army of Phillip V of Spain.   When Sardinia became the crownland of the house of Savoy, at that time reigning in Piedmont, the Sanjusts became powerful and influential members of that Italian conrt. The house of Savoy had assumed at that time the title of King of Sardinia, which was to become later that of King of Italy. In 1765 the King of Sardinia conferred upon the Sanjust family the title of Barons of Teulada, a pure Italian title which has since been carried by the family in preference to the older Spanish titles.   The parents of Baron di Teulada are Baron Edmondo Sanjust di Teulada and Baroness Maria Sanjust di Teulada, nee Marchioness Mann di Villahermosa. His father has served as a member of the Italian Parliament and as general inspector of the Royal Italian Civil Engineering Department.   Baron Orazio Sanjust di Teulada was born in Cagliari, Italy, May 28, 1889. He was educated at Rome and Milan, having the tech-   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 289   nical degree of architecture from the Royale Polytechnic of Milan in June, 1910. He had two years of service in the Italian army as lieutenant in the Thirteenth Regiment, Royal Field Artillery. He then entered the Italian consular service and it was this service that brought him to America and to Cleveland. He was attaché to the Italian Consulate in Cleveland until 1916. Since then he has been active in local business affairs and is president of the Revere Land Company and secretary and general manager of the Globe Gibraltar Rubber Company.   One of the most notable events in Cleveland society during the winter of 1916-17 was the marriage in St. Agnes' Church of Cleveland, January 10, 1917, of Baron di Teulada and Miss Florence Gertrude Kappler, daughter of G. E. Kappler, secretary of the Cleveland-Akron Bag Company. The wedding attracted much attention because of the prominence of the participants and also for the beautiful simplicity that marked the ceremony. Probably no bride in Cleveland ever wore a veil with so many historic associations of old Europe as did Miss Kappler. This veil, which has figured in bridal ceremonies of six generations of the di Teulada family, was originally presented 200 years ago by the Queen of Sardinia to Gabriella, Baroness di Teulada, her lady in waiting.   DAVID R. HAW LEY. Probably for a longer continuous period than any other citizen, David R. Hawley was identified with the management of Cleveland hotels. While no longer engaged in that business, he is known and remembered by thousands of people not only in Cleveland but all over the country as having been almost a perfect type of the landlord and hotel proprietor.   Mr. Hawley was born at Belleville, Ontario, Canada, April 20, 1843, and though now in his seventy-fifth year, is still diligent in the overnight of his business affairs. He is a son of Davis and Sabra Amelia (Lake) Hawley. His father was born at Nappanee, Canada, March 17, 1806, was a school teacher in early life, but in the '40s became a sawmill operator near Bramford, Ontario. His last years were spent at Nappanee as a farmer, where he died in 1863.   David R. Hawley was educated in the public schools of Canada until eighteen, and then going to Rochester, New York, began his career as a hotel man as steward of the Clinton Hotel. In 1865 he went to Chicago and found work in a similar capacity with the Briggs House. Mr. Hawley opened the Hough House as steward, and the Hough House is now known as the Transit House at the Union Stock Yards. The proprietor of this house also operated the Briggs House. The spring of 1866 found him in Cleveland, and he became a factor in the good service furnished by the old Weddell house, at first as steward and afterwards as clerk. Resigning this position in 1871, he established the Clinton Hotel, in which his brother, Davis Hawley, afterward became interested. Mr. David Hawley continued the management of the Clinton Hotel until 1878, when he sold out and bought the building, furniture and lease of the City Hotel from the Brockway estate, and in which he formerly worked for five years for H. C. Brockway. This was operated with the Hawley service until 1880. He then sold out and bought the furniture and operated the Streibinger House until October, 1881. He then effected another transfer of his interests, when he and his brother Davis built the Hawley House. Mr. David Hawley had an active part in its active management and operation until June, 1912, and made it one of the noted hostelries of Cleveland. At that date the furniture was sold and the business leased to Mr. Troy.   For the past five years Mr. Hawley and his son Frank have been engaged in the general real estate business under the name of Hawley & Son. They first established offices in the Rockefeller Building, but since 1915 have been located in the Cuyahoga Building. They transact general buying and selling of real estate and manage their own extensive properties.   Mr. Hawley is a former president of the City Hotel Association of Cleveland and for one term was president and two terms vice president of the Ohio State Hotel Association. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Tippecanoe Club, is a republican voter and a member of the Methodist Church.   At Cleveland, in March, 1867, he married Mary Morey. She died in May, 1880, the mother of Mr. Hawley's children. On December 28, 1891, he married, at Cleveland, Ellen R. Rouse. The five children of his first marriage were Ida, Bert and Fred, all of whom died in infancy; Charles, who was born at Cleveland July 29, 1868, and died in October, 1906; and Frank M., born in Cleveland January 29, 1876. Frank M. Hawle   290 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   is a graduate of the Cleveland High School, attended Kenyon Military Academy and Kenyon College, and his early business experience was as collector with the National Bank of Cleveland and as receiving teller of the Euclid Avenue Savings and Trust Company. Since leaving the latter bank he has been associated with his father in the hotel and real estate business.   FRED B. WHITLOCK, a resident of Cleveland. since 1913, is vice-president and general manager of the Interstate Foundry Company. He has had a long and varied experience in the foundry and steel manufacturing industry and is well known in business circles both in Cleveland and other large industrial centers.   Mr. Whitlock was born at Dover, New Jersey, March 14, 1872. His Whitlock ancestors came from England and Wales and were colonial settlers in New Jersey. His father, Mathias Coe Whitlock, who was born at Mendham, New Jersey, in 1837, was operator of iron mines near Dover, but after 1885 lived retired in Chicago, where he died in 1895. He was a Presbyterian and a republican. He married Mary L. Breese, who was born at Dover, New Jersey, in 1841 and now lives with her son Fred in Cleveland.   Mr. Fred B. Whitlock was educated in the public schools of his native city and graduated from a preparatory school there in 1890. He learned the foundry business with the National Malleable Castings Company at Chicago. He began at the very bottom, worked in the form rooms and shops, also in the business offices, and eventually was promoted to sales manager at the Indianapolis plant of that company. From there he came to Cleveland in 1913 as general manager of the Interstate Foundry Company, and since February, 1918, has also held the office of vice president. The Interstate Foundry Company, at Sixty-first Street and Roland Avenue, is one of the larger industries of Cleveland, and about 900 men are under the supervision of Mr. Whitlock. One branch of the business is devoted to the manufacture of automobile castings, while in one shop a specialty is made of heavy castings weighing from fifty to sixty tons each. The output of the company is distributed all over the country from New York to St. Louis. The officers are: M. C. Rosen. feld, president; F. B. 'Whitlock, vice president and general manager; L. S. Charpie, secretary; and L. Murfey, treasurer.   Mr. Whitlock is also a director in the Standard Steel Castings Company of Cleveland. He is a member of the Steel Research Club of New York City, of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Detroit Athletic Club, the Columbia Club of Indianapolis, the Cleveland Athletic Club, and in politics is a republican.   In 1901, in Indianapolis, Mr. Whitlock married Miss Rowena New, daughter of John C. and Elizabeth (Gray) New, Her mother is still living in Indianapolis. Her father, the late Hon. John C. New, was prominent as a banker, and was treasurer of the United States under President U. S. Grant, and during President Harrison's administration was consul-general to England. Mrs. Whitlock is a sister of United States Senator Harry S. New from Indiana, one of the most influential men in Congress today and a prominent leader in the movement for the complete and adequate military organization of the United States for the purposes of this war and the protection of the country in the future. Mr. and Mrs. Whitlock have two daughters: Elizabeth R., born in 1903, and Elsie H., born in 1905.   JAMES G. HOBBIE. Among the educational institutions of worth and high standing, Central Institute, under the presidency of James G. Hobbie, occupies a very prominent place. Its curriculum now covers a wide field, expanded from its original two departments, business and shorthand, for it started as a commercial school in 1889. Since its incorporation in 1895 James G. Hobbie has been identified with it in his present relation.   James G. Hobbie was born at Belfast, Maine, June 4, 1854. His parents were William H. and Esther Bartlett (Gilkey) Hobbie. William H. Hobbie was born at Winslow, Maine, in September, 1817, and became a prominent educator. He was educated in Waterville College, now Colby University, and for years taught school in Massachusetts and Maine. In 1860 he came to Cleveland and was principal of the Rockwell Street school during that year, and then, with A. J. Johnson, became associated in a publishing business in New York City, continuing until his death in 1894. He was married at Unity, Maine, to Esther Bartlett Gilkey and they had five children: Joseph Edward, of Benecia, California; William R., president of the Phoenix Paper Company at Battenville, New York ; John R., a physician at   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 291   North Adams, Massachusetts; James G.; and Walter Oswald, who died in infancy.   James G. Hobbie attended the public schools in Cleveland and afterward was graduated from the high school of Amherst, Massachusetts. He graduated from Amherst College, class of 1877, following which he entered the law school of Columbia University, and was graduated therefrom in 1879. Mr. Robbie engaged in the practice of law in New York City until he returned to Cleveland and was engaged here in professional and commercial enterprises until 1895, when he and A. E. Manbeck became interested in and took charge of Central Institute, of which Mr. Hobbie has been president and Mr. Manbeck treasurer ever since.   A statement concerning the aims and work of Central Institute assnres the public of the purpose to give a thorough preparation to those who desire to secure a start in the business world and under the most favorable conditions; to so educate young men along mechanical and engineering lines as to make them much more valuable to their employer; and especially to fit for college those who for any reason have lost time previously. As noted above, the school was founded in 1889 and was incorporated in 1895. It now offers advantages in six departments: English, business, shorthand, drafting, engineering and college preparatory, with fourteen teachers. The average attendance at day and night school is 400 pupils. The school work in every branch is especially adapted to the student's capacity, being largely personal, and the progress made has often been remarkable. Pupils are accepted at any time, as the institute is in session throughout the year. Within its scope, Central Institute is preparing students for entrance to colleges, technical trades, law, dental and medical schools. Central Institute is situated at No. 2481 East Fifty-fifth Street, Cleveland, and this beautiful property and all equipment belong to the company.   Mr. Hobbie was married at Cleveland, September 5, 1881, to Miss Elmina Freese, who is a daughter of Andrew Freese, who was formerly superintendent of the public schools of this city. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Hobbie, namely: Andrew Freese, who was born in Cleveland in September, 1882, was a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science, and at the time of his death, in May, 1906, was head chemist for the Wehrle Stove Company of Newark, Ohio; Esther, who died in infancy ; Roger William, who was born at Cleveland in February, 1888, died in 1892; Elizabeth, who was born at Cleveland, is a student of the Los Gatos, California, High School; and Donald Gordon, who is also a student there, Mr. Hobbie owning a fine home at Los Gatos, California, where he passes much time, finding the climate of Santa Clara County agreeable.   In politics Mr. Hobbie is a republican. He is interested in all that concerns Cleveland's progress and is a member of the Chamber of Commerce. With his family he belongs to the Presbyterian Church. As president of Central Institute he is widely known.   FRANK T. JAMIESON belongs to a Cleveland family of manufacturers and business men, and has himself had a notable rise in business responsibility from the time he went to work as an office boy with the old Ohio Rubber Company.   Mr. Jamieson was born at Mansfield, Ohio, November 6, 1881. His father, Daniel J. Jamieson, was born in Cleveland June 7, 1856. Daniel Jamieson, after completing his education in St. John's Cathedral School, went to work as a boilermaker for the firm of Miller & Jamieson, his father being one of the partners in the business. In 1878 the plant was moved to Mansfield, Ohio, where Daniel Jamieson continued with the business until 1890. He then returned to Cleveland, and was employed by different boiler factories and shipbuilding plants throughout the rest of his active career. He died at Cleveland April 14, 1912. In this city, October 16, 1877, he married Margaret E. Osborne. They have five living children: Mrs. F. J. Sullivan of Cleveland; Frank T.; Charles D., assistant secretary of the Cleveland Builders' Exchange; Mrs. Catherine Caldwell of Cleveland; and R. J., a salesman with Fischer & Company.   Frank T. Jamieson graduated from St. John's Cathedral School in Cleveland in 1896. A few days later he was working as office boy with the old Ohio Rubber Company and spent a year and a half with that concern as collector. He became very proficient in handling office details and work, and was next employed as billing clerk with H. Black & Company. While in that position he operated the first Fisher billing machine ever put into use at Cleveland. He was with Black & Company three years, and then the Atlantic   292 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   Refining Company called him into their offices as order and billing clerk. He was with that company a number of years, and laid the foundation of his business career while with them. After two years as order and billing clerk he was in the collection department a year, was purchasing agent three years, office manager two years, outside sales. man a year, then four years had the management of the entire sales force, and from that position graduated into the vice presidency, a directorship, and continued as sales manager until selling his interests in the company in January, 1916.   At that date Mr. Jamieson became president and manager of the Eclipse Paint and Manufacturing Company. This business, which has contributed much to Cleveland's importance as a paint manufacturing center, was established in 1902. It manufactures paints, varnishes and waterproofing material. In fifteen years it has increased its business 500 per cent. The plant is located at East Eighty-first Street and Bessemer Avenue, and the general offices are at 6408 Euclid Avenue. Eighty-four people are on the pay roll. This company originated plastic material for preventing excess infiltration of air through brick boiler settings. This material, it has been demonstrated, is the means of conserving fuel by reason of keeping boiler settings perfectly air tight, and in many plants fuel bills have been reduced from 3 to 8 per cent. This product is known as "Armor-cote," and is one of the chief specialties manufactured by the company.   Mr. Jamieson is affiliated with the Elks Order, Cleveland Commercial Travelers, Knights of Columbus. and the Catholic Church. June 14, 1905, at Cleveland, he married Frances M. Daley.   GEORGE MONTAGU NETTLESHIP is head of the insurance firm of G. M. Nettleship & Company, with residence in Cleveland and offices in the Cuyahoga Building. Mr. Nettleship is well known in a number of different cities and communities of America, was a resident of Cleveland some ten or twelve years ago, and has a most interesting record of achievement in the field of insurance, not only as an aggressive business getter but as an organizer and educator of men for this and other branches of business requiring a high power mentality and an undeviating passion for results. Mr. Nettleship has the power of expression, the ability to put the vital things on the top line and never allow nonessentials to obscure his thought or purpose, and it has been that hard, clear, concise habit of thinking and acting directly that has been chiefly responsible for his success in the world.   Mr. Nettleship is a native of England, born in Yorkshire, August 25, 1869. He comes of a family of educators and reformers. His father, Charles M. Nettleship, was a minister of the gospel, writer and lecturer on reform movements, and, giving his life to save his fellow man, died at the early age of twenty-seven, while in the active discharge of his ministerial duties at Nottingham, England.   The mother of George M. Nettleship was Harriet (Milner) Nettleship, of the prominent Yorkshire family of Milners. She died at Cresswell, Nottinghamshire, England, in 1915. She was also the mother of two daughters, Annie and Annice Clara Nettleship.   George M. Nettleship was reared and educated in England, attending high and commercial schools, his education being especially directed along literary lines. In early life be took up commercial and educational pursuits, and at the age of twenty-four entered the field of life insurance with one of the large English companies, traveling over a greater part of the British Isles as an inspector and educator of insurance men.   In 1899 Mr. Nettleship transferred his field of action to America, and since then his time and abilities have been more and more taken up with managerial responsibilities and with the education and training of men for success in the insurance field. Mr. Nettleship has filled all field and home office executive positions from agent to director, vice president and general manager, and there are few states and localities in this country in which he has not traveled in the course of his organization and educational work.   Mr. Nettleship first came to Cleveland in 1906 from New York. He was for five years traveling supervisor of ordinary department and superintendent of the Metropolitan Life at New York City and Cleveland. During 1907-08 he was connected with the Travelers Insurance Company of Hartford as supervisor and manager in Ohio, and went from that to the agency secretaryship of the Home Life of America at Philadelphia. Later he was general manager of both the ordinary and industrial departments of that company. He resigned that office at the close of 1910 to return to Europe in family interests and to study industrial conditions. On his return   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 293   trip to the United States Mr. Nettleship, in a special magazine article, predicted a "United States of Europe" within ten years. During 1911-12 he was United States manager of the monthly premium health and accident department of the Great Eastern Casualty Company of New York. In 1913, on account of his experience and knowledge of industrial life conditions, he was urged by insurance departments and other interests to assume charge as vice president and general manager of the Atlas Insurance Company of Montgomery, Alabama. At that time this company (a mutual aid) was burdened with $40,000 more liabilities than assets. He assumed the debt, reorganized as the Atlas Life, created more assets than liabilities and amalgamated it with the Independent Life of Nashville. Tennessee, giving policyholders legal reserve protection. With this notable achievement to his credit, accomplished under most abnormal trying financial conditions resulting from the war and no cotton market, Mr. Nettleship, in November, 1916, returned North to Cleveland, opening general insurance offices on his own account. In 1917 he accepted the state management of Ohio for the Century Life Insurance Company of Indianapolis. One of the insurance journals published an account of his first day's work on assuming the Ohio agency. At that time he had no agency force and personally secured insurance from business men in Cleveland to the aggregate of $51,000. He took up the work in April, and at the end of the year stood first among the general agents of the Century Company in business gained by personal production, having over $300,000 to his credit and over $500,000 of new business to the credit of his office. He thus more than justified the commendatory words written of him by the president of an eastern insurance company, as follows: "He is well qualified by experience and successful work to make an assured success of whatever he may undertake. He is a veritable powder store of enthusiasm, inspiration and action, and has made for himself and fully merits the title of the 'I will, that I will' man, for he thinks, acts and lives in the spirit of that motto."   Mr. Nettleship has edited several insurance companies' field workers' publications and, outside of insurance fields, has become widely known as a lecturer and writer, with broad views on religious, social and business subjects. In polities he is an independent, and his expression of belief in co-operation rather than competition in the world brotherhood of men in a coming United States of the World parliament "government of the people, by the people, for the people," in the fullest and truest meaning, has much of the spirit and downright practical faith exemplified in the remarkable pronouncements recently made by the great British labor party. In matters of religion he is a humanitarian, and has been an investigator and student of any cult from which he felt he could secure a larger degree of light and truth, and has also from time to time interested himself in scientific and psychic subjects, including astrology.   Mr. Nettleship has served as a scout master for the Boy Scouts. He is a member of Oswego Lodge, No. 127, Free and Accepted Masons, in New York State, and has membership with various Masonic, literary and press clubs and organizations.   In England Mr. Nettleship married Harriet Annie Dickinson, daughter of Charles and Dorothy (Rawlinson) Dickinson. Her father was a schoolmaster and inventor of machinery. Her mother was a member of the prominent farming and land owning family of Rawlinsons in Kirby, Westmoreland, England. Mr. and Mrs. Nettleship had a son and a daughter, the latter, Margaret Dorothea, dying in infancy. The son, Frederic Montagn Nettle-ship, has followed in the footsteps of his father and achieved success in the life insurance field, being now general superintendent of the Pennsylvania Mutual .Life of Philadelphia. This son married Elizabeth W. Bennett, of Washington, D. C., daughter of William A. Bennett, vice president and general manager of the Equitable Life Insurance Company of Washington. Mr. and Mrs. F. M. Nettleship have one infant daughter, June Bennett Nettleship.   ALFRED P. FISCHLEY is president and treasurer of the Standard Top and Equipment Company, one of the most progressive and rapidly growing concerns in the Cleveland automobile district. The biggest feature of their business is the painting of automobiles, but they also manufacture and handle tops and slip-overs and much other accessory equipment in the automobile trade.   Mr. Fischley was born at Canal Fulton, Ohio, April 2, 1884, a son of Martin and Elizabeth Fischley. He was a student in the public schools of Canal Fulton until eleven years of age, when his parents moved to Cleveland and he continued his education in this city for two more years.   School days over, he began supporting him-   294 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   self, and his first position was with the Nickel Plate Railway Company. He was given the responsibility of calling out the night crews, and gradually worked into other departments until he was billing clerk in the general freight offices. After leaving the railway company he was employed in different lines until 1909, and then became sales manager for Hyland B. Wright, real estate.   October 15, 1910, Mr. Fischley bought out the Standard Top and Equipment Company, and operated it as an individual concern until 1914, when the business was incorporated, with himself as president and treasurer and F. E. Keiser vice president and manager.   This business was originated for the purpose of making tops for agents' equipment of cars. Three years ago they began specializing in painting cars in attractive colors for individual buyers. This company was the pioneer in finishing automobiles in the brighter colors to suit the taste of the individual, and a big demand has been created for this sort of work. Today they have the largest and most efficient shop of its kind in Cleveland. The success of the business is due not only to high standards of workmanship, but also business integrity of the men behind it. Several years ago only twelve men made up the staff of painters and workmen, while today forty-two are on the pay roll. At first it was possible to paint only one car a day, but now. they have the facilities for handling five cars every twenty-four hours. The building they occupy at 1849 East Sixty-fifth Street was constructed especially for their purpose, and one of its chief features is the special drying room, and they also have a separate department for assembling. The company does much high grade automobile upholstering and top equipment.   Mr. Fischley is affiliated with Euclid Heights Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, is a life member of the Lodge of Elks, belongs to the Automobile Club, Cleveland Heights Club, member of Cleveland Yacht Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Civic Club, and in politics is a republican. He was appointed to the ordnance department, 'United States army, in productive department, under Mr. Scoville.   September 5, 1906, at Cleveland, he married Miss Beatrice Balkwill. They have two daughters, Irma and Helen, both attending the Laurel School.   CHARLES L. HARRIS. An enterprising business man of the younger generation in Cleveland is Charles L. Harris, now treasurer and general manager of the Horton & Harris Company, a prominent auto service and supply concern in this city. Mr. Harris was born at Garrettsville, Ohio, June 7, 1892, and he is a son of George and Alberta (Allen) Harris, the former of whom was likewise a native of Garrettsville and the latter was born and reared near Mantua, Ohio. The father supplemented a good public-school education with a course of study in Hiram College, and during the entire period of his active career he has been interested in farming operations on his fine estate of 125 acres near Garrettsville. He is up to date in his agricultural work and is known throughout his community as a man of upright character and sterling integrity.   Charles L. Harris passed his boyhood on the old parental homestead and attended the public schools and high school of Garrettsville until his fifteenth year. He then came to Cleveland and entered the service of the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company as a clerk in the shipping department. One year later he became a salesman for the Buckeye Implement Supply Company, holding that position for one year, at the end of which he engaged as stock man for the Pennsylvania Rubber & Supply Company. He was in the employ of the latter concern for four years, and when he left it was manager of the city sales department. In 1913, in company with others, he organized the Tacoma Auto Service company, of which he was treasurer until Janunary, 1917, at which time that company was merged with the Horton Company and incorporated as the Horton & Harris Company. Mr. Harris is treasurer and general manager of the Horton & Harris Company, which, in addition to auto service and the handling of auto accessories, is also engaged in the manufacture of auto tops.   In Cleveland, June 11, 1914, was celebrated the marriage of Mr. Harris to Miss Marjorie Waltz. They have one child, Allen, who was born in Cleveland. In his political proclivities Mr. Harris is a stalwart republican, and while he does not take an active part in civic affairs, still he gives an ardent support to all matters projected for the good and the general welfare. He and his wife are Methodists in their religious faith and they are popular in the social life of their home community.   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 295   CARL F. KNIRK. The judgment passed by later years upon the actions of American citizens during the critical period beginning in April, 1917, will, it is safe to assume, be regulated largely by the degree to which those actions had some helpful relation to America's great task of making war. Of Cleveland citizens over draft age who have had some distinctive performance in this respect one is Carl F. Knirk, who gave up his work as instructor in one of the high schools to take the position of director of war gardens for the city and made all other responsibilities and interests subservient to this highly patriotic cause.   Mr. Knirk is a native of Michigan, born at Reading June 11, 1880. His father, Charles Knirk, who still lives at Quincy, Michigan, was born at Mecklenburg, Germany, December 29, 1846. He spent his life in that famous German city until he was twenty-six and had a farm training. In 1872 he came to the United States, and for a number of years lived at Cleveland. He was an employe of the street railway in this city and married here. In 1877 he and his wife moved to Reading, Michigan, to a farm, and in 1894 went to Quincy, Michigan, where he still owns and operates a large tract of land. In matters of polities he is independent and is a member of the First Presbyterian Church. He married Minnie Steffen, who was born in Schlossburg, Germany, in 1857. Their children are: Carl F.; Fred, a farmer at Quincy, Michigan; Louise, who is a graduate of the normal school at Mount Pleasant, Michigan, and spent two years in the University of Michigan, is now a teacher in the junior high school at Cleveland; and William, a farmer at Quincy, Michigan.   Carl F. Knirk during his boyhood gained a fundamental knowledge of agriculture in all its details as a result of the duties and responsibilities assigned him by his father. He attended country school at Quincy, Michigan, and spent five years in the State Normal School at Mount Pleasant. He graduated there in 1905. During 1905 and 1906 he was a student in the University of Chicago, and from there entered the University of Illinois at Champaign, from which he was graduated Bachelor of Science in 1908. Mr. Knirk is a member of the Gamma Alpha graduate honor fraternity and also the Sigma Psi honorary science fraternity.   After his university career he went to Cleveland and from 1908 to 1912 was teacher of science in the East Technical High School. He was then assigned a position as teacher of agriculture in the West Technical High School and filled that office until February 1, 1917. At that date, as the man best equipped for the office, he was called into the mayor's advisory war commission as director of war gardens. This work is directly under the supervision of the United States Government and Mr. Knirk has developed a splendid local organization to encourage and supervise the maximum production in the gardens of the urban districts of Cleveland. His offices as director of war gardens are in the city hall.   Mr. Knirk holds an independent attitude in politics. He is a member of the First Church of the Redeemer, and is treasurer and member of the vestry. He also belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Industry.   Mr. Knirk resides in his own home at 1437 Mars Avenue, Lakewood. He married in June, 1909, at Shepherd, Michigan, Miss Olive B. Hafer, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Charles Hafer. Her parents are farming people living at Freeland, Michigan. Mr. and Mrs. Knirk have one son, Carl Hafer, born April 1, 1911.   JOHN GRANT, Among the old and honorable business names at Cleveland is that of Grant, which for many years has stood for personal integrity and honest workmanship in the stone contracting line. For almost a half century the founder of one of the largest contracting firms in this city, John Grant, has been identified with the building interests of this city, and notably, not only through his expert mechanical skill but also because of his indomitable energy and his rock-bound Scotch honesty, these interests have in his line been protected and furthered. It long since became an axiom in business circles here that when John Grant undertook a contract for a building the work would be completed punctually, efficiently and honestly. This attitude of Mr. Grant's became so generally acknowledged that smaller concerns than his own have been compelled to some extent to follow similar methods, for capitalists have been influenced and have demanded that later contracting companies adopt the rules prevailing in the firm of John Grant & Sons. Perhaps, therefore, Cleveland has had less cause to complain of irregular building conditions than have many other cities in the same interval.   John Grant, who is at the head of the con-   296 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   tracting firm of John Grant & Son, was born in 1843, in the City of Edinburgh, Scotland, and, like all Scottish youths, was given educational opportunities. In his native land he learned the stone cutter's trade, working there at the same until 1872, when he came to the United States in the hope of finding a better field for his ability and in this he was not disappointed, for upon reaching Cleveland he immediately secured work with a Mr. Scott, a well known contractor at that time, with whom he continued until 1877.   During the five years that Mr. Grant was with this employer he had gained much valuable experience and he now decided to use his acquired knowledge to his own advantage and at this time embarked in a contracting busines.s for himself, later admitting his sons to partnerships and the firm still continues so constituted. It has long been rated as the leading firm of the city in its line and the long list of fine structures on which they have completed contracts include some of the most stately and beautiful in Cleveland. A partial list may indicate the character of the work of this firm : The West Side Market House, the Hatch Library, the Young Men's Christian Association Building, the Biological Building and the Western Reserve University Gymnasium Building, the Ursuline Convent, St. Agnes' Catholic School Building, the Euclid Avenue Temple, the Excelsior Club Building, the magnificent private residences of William Chisholm, D. Z. Norton, S. L. Severance, Louis Severance, H. T. Willman, Loftus Cudahy, W. P. Palmer, Edward Burke and Mrs. John Hayes. These buildings give some idea of the scope and quality of the work done by this firm, and other as notable examples are found all over the city.   In his native city John Grant was married to Margaret Brown, and six children have been born to them: Mrs. A. C. Smith, who is a resident of St. Louis, Missouri; Agnes and Mabel, both of whom reside at home; R. D., who is in the contracting business at Cleveland ; and R. W. and John C., who are partners with their father in the firm of John Grant & Sons. In his political opinions Mr. Grant is a republican. He is a member of the Presbyterian Church, having united with this body in youth. While no longer active in business affairs, Mr. Grant keeps up his interest in the business he founded as an adviser, and in the progress made along every line at Cleveland, which he has seen develop from a town to its present place of metropolitan importance.   John C. Grant, who for a decade has been a member of the contracting firm of John Grant & Sons, was born at Cleveland July 13, 1876. He obtained his education in the public schools here and after completing the high school course spent one year as a student in the Spencerian Business College. He then entered his father's work as a stone cutter apprentice, beginning at the bottom, and learned every detail during his apprenticeship, lasting four years, when he was made an estimator, and in 1907 he became his father's partner and, incidentally, is now classed with the able and representative business men of Cleveland.   On March 30, 1910, in New York City, Mr. Grant was united in marriage with Miss Edith McElhenie. They have one son, John C., who was born in 1914. Mr. and Mrs. Grant are members of the Presbyterian Church, conscientiously aiding in its benevolent activities and also taking part in the work of the various charitable organizations peculiar to the present stirring times. Politically Mr. Grant is a republican. He is a valued member of the Cleveland Athletic Club.   JOHN KEFFER, secretary and treasurer of the Eclipse Electrotype and Engraving Company, has been a factor in the printing and engraving industries of Cleveland for a quarter of a century. The name has many associations with the printing and newspaper business in Cleveland, since Mr. Keffer's father.—John C. Keifer was well known as an able editor, connected with some of the leading papers of the city.   The Keffer family is descended from Germans of the name who came to Philadelphia from the Lower Rhine in 1710. There were the traditional three brothers. One remained in Philadelphia, the others located at Lancaster, Pennsylvania, and it is from the Lancaster branch that most of the Keffers now found in the United States are descended.   Philadelphia was the birthplace of John Keffer, of his father, John C. Keffer, and his grandfather, George Keffer. George Keffer, who spent his life in his native city, where he died in ]875, was a shoe manufacturer.   The late John C. Keffer was born July 4. 1827, and died December 31, 1906. He had his first newspaper experience as a reporter on Forney's Philadelphia Press, at a time when   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 297   Forney was the leading publisher of Philadelphia. Being deeply interested in literary subjects lie assisted in editing and publishing a number of hooks. Later he entered the field of marine insurance and also edited the financial columns of the Press.   During the Civil war Mr. Keffer was employed (in hospital work) by the United States Government, and at the close of the war he located in Montgomery, Alabama. He held the position of private secretary for Gen. Wajar Swayne of the Freedman's Bureau of the State of Alabama, and was very active in the work of educating the freed men along the lines of citizenship. All the while he continued to write for Philadelphia papers and also for the Cincinnati Commercial. Later he became Commissioner of Industrial Resources for the State of Alabama and traveled all over the state seeking to arouse her citizens to an interest in the development of her rich mining, agricultural and forestry resources. He continued to work in all possible ways for the welfare of the negro.   In 1877 he came to Cleveland, where he was assistant editor of the Cleveland Leader with Edwin Cowles, the editor, and subsequently he became managing editor of the Cleveland Herald. He finally conducted the East End Signal, published on Euclid Avenue, near Fifty-fifth Street. Retired from business in the later years of his life, he lived with his daughters in the family home on East Fifty-ninth Street. John C. Keffer was remarkable for a mind singularly well informed upon every subject. He had a fine library, reflecting this wide range of interests, and he was known to the librarians of the city as an inveterate reader of the rare type that pursues a topic, a line of thought, or the work of aim author until absolutely familiar with it.   He was a life long republican and always actively interested in politics and all that makes for good government. In religious faith he was a Swedenborjian. His first wife was Harriet C. Jardella, born in Philadelphia of French ancestry. She died in 1865. He afterwards married Sarah Wood, born in Albany, New York, of New England parents, descended from Elder Brewster of Mayflower fame. She died in Cleveland in 1893. His children, six in number, all by his first marriage and all born in Philadelphia were as follows: Bertha, who died August 20, 1914; John; Harry, who died at the age of twenty-three ; Mary now and for many years a member of the faculty of Lake Erie College at Painesville, Ohio; Frederick, a mining engineer living in Spokane, Washington ; and Harriet, who died in infancy.   Miss Bertha Keffer graduated at Vassar in 1876. She was a woman of wide influence and well known as for thirty years she was one of the foremost teachers in Cleveland. She was organizer and director of the College Club and prominent in the Vassar Alumnae and Vassar Student Aid Association and other organizations.   John Keffer was born February 17, 1855. He went South with his father at the close of the Civil war. When as a boy, he was employed as private messenger for Gen. Wajar Swayne. In his young manhood he was for eleven years in the railway mail service, with headquarters at first at Montgomery, Alabama, and later in Cleveland. He then resigned and transferred his interests to the Northwest, becoming cashier of a milling company in Stillwater, Minnesota. He was there five years, and then for a similar period was engaged in the contracting and building business at Wichita, Kansas. Thus when he came to Cleveland in 1893, Mr. Keffer was well fortified in business experience. For five years he was associated with the A. C. Rogers Printing Company, and since then he has been with the Eclipse Electrotype and Engraving Company. This is one of the leading concerns of the kind in Cleveland, with offices and plant at 2041 East Third Street.   Politically Mr. Keffer is a republican. Ile owns his home at 1859 Hastings Avenue, East Cleveland. In 1887 at Stillwater, Minnesota, he married Miss Annie Moorhead, daughter of Henry H. and Hannah C. Moorhead, both now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Keffer have one child, Bertha, still at home. Immediately following her graduation from Vassar College she began work as a teacher at Central High School, Cleveland, where she taught for six years until the necessities of the World war called her to the war work field.   WILBUR H. HYDE has been a Cleveland business man twenty-five years, and has filled almost every role in the business world from office boy to an executive chair. For many years he has been identified with the Abner Royce Company, and is its present secretary and treasurer.   The Abner Royce Company was established in 1879 as a home and very modest manufacturing plant by Abner Royce. In the basement of his home he began the manufacture   298 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS   and sale of flavoring extracts. The scope of the business was gradually enlarged to include perfumes and toilet articles, and at the present time the products of the Abner Royce Company comprise a long list of 235 cosmetics, home remedies, flavoring extracts and toilet articles. Mr. Royce set before himself a high standard of quality and was also an enterprising business man, and with the growth of his establishment he first expanded by erecting a laboratory in the rear of his home at 58 Quimby Avenue. In 1892 he. built a two-story and basement building hack of this laboratory and facing Hough Avenue, the old and new structures being connected by an archway. At the present time the laboratories and warehouses of the Royce Company furnish 25,000 feet of floor space. At first Mr. Royce did all the manufacturing and sale of the products himself. At the present time from fifty to sixty people are on the pay roll and thousands of representatives are selling the goods all over the country. In 1901 the Abner Royce Company was incorporated, with Mr. Abner Royce as president, Sylvester S. West as vice president, and Wilbur H. Hyde, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Royce, the founder of the business, died in 1903, and was succeeded as president by W. F. Walworth, who upon his death was succeeded by Mr. S. S. West. The other officers at the present time are W. D. Royce, vice president, and Mr. Hyde, secretary and treasurer.   Wilbur H. Hyde was born at Cleveland October 30, 1872. His father, Milo N., was born on Willoughby Plains near Cleveland in 1847. After a district school education he engaged in 1871 as a freight brakeman with the Lake Shore Railway, and was soon advanced to the position of freight conductor, later became passenger conductor, and had an important run over the division between Cleveland and Buffalo until his death in 1902. On October 2, 1871, at Unionville, Ohio, he married Helen Frances Kilby, who is still living. They had only two children, Wilbur H. and Mrs. W. A. Green of Cleveland.   The grammar and high schools of Willoughby furnished Mr. Hyde his early education, but at the age of sixteen he began working for J. W. Penfield & Son, manufacturers of clay working machinery. He was office boy in that establishment, but when he resigned in 1892 was performing the duties of shipping clerk. Coming to Cleveland, he worked for a time in the shipping and order department of the Cleveland Rubber Com pany, and in 1893 took charge of a department of the Brooks Oil Company. From that he entered the services of Mr. Abner Royce as his sales manager and secretary, and was promoted to his present position with the corporation when it was organized in 1901.   Mr. Hyde has served as secretary of the Manufacturing Perfumers' Association of the United States and is a member of the executive board of the Flavoring Extract Manufacturers' Association of the United States. He served for three years as director of the Cleveland Advertising Club, in which organization he has been very active for many years. He is vice president and member of the board of directors of the Lakewood Engineering Company. He is affiliated with Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Council, Royal and Select Masons, Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and is prominent in the Loyal League, of which he was treasurer of Euclid Council for many years and for three years its Archon. He is also a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, Shaker Heights Country Club, Chamber of Commerce, the Tippecanoe Club, and is one of the local leaders of the republican party in Cleveland. He is chairman of the finance committee of the Cleveland Heights Presbyterian Church.   On June 11, 1896, at Cleveland, Mr. Hyde married Miss Nettie May Royce, daughter of the late Abner Royce. They have one daughter, Frances Louise, now attending the Laurel School.   WALTER HARRISON LOOMIS, M. D., now proprietor of the East Cleveland Hospital, at 14420 Euclid Avenue, has this and much other valuable work to his credit as one of the ablest physicians and surgeons of Cleveland. Doctor Loomis is a man of much native ability, and though he had to overcome many obstacles in preparing himself for a professional career, his accomplishments have completely justified his choice of a vocation.   Doctor Loomis was born at Tunkhannock, Pennsylvania, January 16, 1874. His American ancestry goes back to colonial times, when three brothers, Joseph, Charles and another of the Loomis family came from Braintree, England, to Windsor, Connecticut. Doctor Loomis' father was Lambert P. Loomis, who was born in Springville Township of Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania, in 1842. His birth occurred on the old Loomis homestead   CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 299   which has been in the family for several generations. Most of his life he spent as a farmer but was also a contractor and builder and for a number of years a brick manufacturer. He was a republican voter, served as a member of the Borough Council at Birchardville and was an active member of the Baptist Church. He died at Birchardville, Pennsylvania, in June, 1917, at the advanced age of seventy-five. The maiden name of his wife was Alzina Quick, who was born in 1840 in Springville Township of Susquehanna County and died January 22, 1876. They had only two sons, Harry C. and Walter H. The former lives on the old home farm at Birchardville, Pennsylvania.   Doctor Loomis. up to the time he was eleven years of age, had the privilege of attending the little old red schoolhouse for a .total of four and a half months. Between that age and the time he was fourteen he had two years of further schooling. When he was fourteen his father moved to Montrose, Pennsylvania, to engage in the manufacture of brick, and here he had better opportunities and attended high school until he graduated in 1893. In the meantime he was working for his father and continued an employe of the brick plant for three years. At the age of twenty Doctor Loomis went to Kingston, Pennsylvania, where he entered the Wyoming Seminary. During three years in that institution he completed both the literary and scientific courses and also a six months' business course. Thus, by concentrating a great deal of work within a few years, he acquired a liberal education when still a young man. Upon this as a foundation, Doctor Loomis came to Cleveland and entered the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical School, now the homeopathic department of the Ohio State University. From this school he received his M. D. degree in 1904. During 1904-05 he was an interne in the Huron Road Hospital of Cleveland and during 1904 he also took a course in the Cleveland City Hospital, from which he has a graduate diploma.   For five years Doctor Loomis busied himself with a general practice, with offices in the Rose Building. As he went on with his work he saw more and more the need and the opportunity for greater usefulness through the medium of a hospital, and he therefore established the Eddy Road Hospital, which he managed for three years. Then in June, 1915, he established the East Cleveland Hospital, taking a lease upon the building for a period of ten years. This building has been equipped thoroughly for its purposes and it has accommodations for thirty-six patients. The hospital is practically filled all the time. Doctor Loomis is well known as a specialist in surgery and also in women's and children's diseases, though he still keeps up a general practice. For three years, 1908-09-10, Doctor Loomis filled the chair of anatomy at the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical College. He is a member of the American Institute of Homeopathy, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Eastern Ohio Medical Society and the Cleveland Homeopathic Medical Society. His political affiliations are with the republican party. He is a member of the Baptist Church and of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and also belongs to the Cleveland City Club. He was in the Spanish-American war, a mem- • ber of Company 0, Thirteenth Pennsylvania Infantry, and acted as secretary and orderly for Maj.-Serg. William E. Keller of Pennsylvania.   His home is at 1810 Van Buren Street. He married at Cleveland in November, 1906, Miss Grace I. Balke, daughter of William and Clara (Class) Balke. Her mother now resides with Doctor and Mrs. Loomis. William Balke, deceased, was a hardware merchant and tamer at Chagrin Falls and Auburn, Ohio, and died in 1908. Doctor and Mrs. Loomis had four children: Walter H., Jr., born December 25, 1907 ; Richard, born June 17, 1911, and died at the age of one year; Dorothy Helen, born November 1, 1912; and Virginia Clara, born October 30, 1913.   CARL HALLE is an active business man of Cleveland, where he has lived for nearly thirty years. He has been a traveling salesman, merchant and is now extensively interested in manufacturing and in various lines of enterprise.   Mr. Halle came to Cleveland with a thorongh business education acquired in his native land of Germany. He was born in Bavaria April 8, 1863, a son of G. and Rose Halle. He attended public schools in his native land until fourteen, and then entered an apprenticeship at. the dry goods business. In 1885 he was called into the German army, put in two years as a soldier. and then resumed the dry goods business until 1889.   In that year he came to America and to Cleveland, and was soon put on the traveling sales force of Halle, Schwartz & Skall, wholesale dry goods. For twelve years he traveled