300 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and sold goods for this firm and was one of the ablest men on the traveling staff of the house. On leaving the road he formed the partnership of Halle & Abel, wholesale liquor dealers, but in 1910 sold his interest in that concern and became secretary and treasurer of the Brown Auto Carriage Company. This company manufactures bodies for automobile companies and also for individuals, and it is now one of the distinctive and important industries of the Cleveland automobile district. It has a factory space of 40,000 square feet, employs seventy-five men, and does an annual business valued at $150,000. The officers of the company are: Mr. Brown, president; W. G. Schmunk, vice president; and Mr. Halle, secretary and treasurer. Mr. Halle is also vice president of the Superior Building and Loan Company, and a director of the Hebrew Relief Society. He is affiliated with the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and is a member of the Cleveland. Commercial Travelers, the United Commercial Travelers, and the Utica Commercial Travelers. On October 20, 1897, at Cleveland, he married Miss Jennie Hoffman. They have three children, Stuart, aged eighteen, is now clerking for the Standard Knitting Company, and Gilbert, aged thirteen and Cecile, are both students in high school and Gilbert is a member of the Boy Scouts organization. CLARENCE J. FITZPATRICK. At the present time, in a gathering of representatve business men at Cleveland and in other progressive cities, the fact is noticeable that a very large proportion are young men keen-eyed, resolute appearing and when speaking seemingly able to firmly grasp and expound business ethics, problems and principles. In such a gathering Clarence J. Fitzpatrick vice president of the Cleveland Worm & Gear Company, would not be overlooked. To efficiently perform the duties pertaining to such positions in as vast a manufacturing concern as the above, the largest of its kind in the United States, perhaps in the world, a young man must have many other qualifications than capital and influence. Mr. Fitzpatrick, in fact, is a man of wide experience and of thorough engineering training. Clarence J. Fitzpatrick was born in the city of Leeds, England, May 28, 1888, and is the elder of two sons born to his parents, David and Lillie (Clark) Fitzpatrick. His grand parents were John and Mary Fitzpatrick, and his great-grandfather was a prominent engineer and manufacturer at Leeds. For generations the manufacturing of mechanical devices, particularly worms, had been a family industry. After completing his public school education in County Middlesex, Mr. Fitzpatrick entered Wickliffe College at Stonehouse, England, from which institution he was graduated at the age of nineteen. In the meanwhile, however, in the period covered between his seventeenth and twentieth year, he also served an apprenticeship as mechanical engineer in the Birmingham Small Arms Company at Birmingham, England. Confident of his own ability, Mr. Fitzpatrick went to Mexico, where a promising field has long awaited competent engineers, and there for five years he was engaged as consulting engineer for the Illinois-Jalisco Mining Company. In 1912 he accompanied his father to Cleveland, where the latter with his two sons has built up a stupendous business. They organized the Cleveland Worm & Gear Company, of which Clarence J. Fitzpatrick has been secretary and treasurer ever since. Mr. Fitzpatrick belongs to many professional organizations in which his membership is highly valued, and these include the American Society of Engineers, the Society of Automobile Engineers and the Institution of Automobile Engineers of England. Thoroughly educated and broadened by travel, Mr. Fitzpatrick, aside from his professional proficiency has much to offer along the social side of life, but his business responsibilites absorb much of his time and the only club with which he has united is the Detroit Athletic, at Detroit, Michigan. Mr. Fitzpatrick is unmarried. JOHN C. McLEAN during his youth laid a careful foundation by technical education for the engineering profession, and has used his knowledge and opportunities to promote some of the important interests in the Cleveland automobile industry and is today one of the busiest business men in the city. He is perhaps best known as one of the founders and president of the M. & M. Company at 500 Prospect Avenue, a business known both nationally and internationally in the automobile trade. Mr. McLean was born at Cleveland June 24, 1886, and is a member of an old and prominent Cleveland family. It was founded here in the very early times by his great-grand- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 301 father, who came from England. Mr. McLean's grandfather, Alexander McLean, was born in Cleveland and at one time owned the Young America Hotel in Ohio City, where the United Banking & Trust Company of Cleveland now stands. He also owned a farm in that vicinity, and McLean Street in Cleveland is named in his honor. Alexander McLean died at Cleveland before John C. McLean was born. The late David E. McLean, father of John C., was born at Cleveland December 25, 1857. He spent all his life in Cleveland, but died during a visit to Castalia, Ohio, April 9, 1913. He was a man of varied and active interests, was a merchant, proprietor of wholesale and retail groceries, flour, feed and also conducted grain elevators. In 1872 he founded the Herman McLean Company, which consolidated and directed his various interests. He was president of that company many years. He was also one of the organizers and became the second president of the Pearl Street Savings & Trust Company, and continued to fill the office of president until his death. He was a director of the United Banking & Trust Company. His name deserves association with those of the prominent early business builders of Cleveland. He was an independent republican in politics. David E. McLean married Ernestine Tufel. She was born at Cleveland November 15, 1865, and is still living in this city. Her father, Christian Tufel, was born in 1831, and came in early life to Cleveland. He was one of the organizers of the Chicago Stock Company and was one of the first cattle buyers for Armour & Company. He finally sold out his interests and lived retired in Cleveland until his death in 1896. He bought some farm lands out where South Brooklyn now stands, and a part of the present City of Cleveland is built on his old farm. John C. McLean, only child of his parents, was liberally educated, at first in the Cleveland public schools and for two years took a technical course in the Asheville School at Asheville, North Carolina. In 1904 he graduated in the engineering course from the Central Institute of Cleveland and spent a year in special study of gas engineering at Perdue University, Lafayette, Indiana. On returning to Cleveland and beginning his professional career, Mr. McLean spent a year as draftsman with the Geath Automobile Company. He then established the Lake Avenue Automobile Company, of which he was presi dent until 1907 and is still financially interested in the business. In 1907 Mr. McLean organized the Pennsylvania Rubber & Supply Company and was its secretary and treasurer until he sold his interests in 1909. The M. & M. Company was originally started as a partnership between Mr. McLean and Mr. Franklin Marks, and the initials of the partners constitute the main part of the business title. After one year Mr. Marks died, and his share of the business was acquired by Mr. McLean, who then incorporated the business under the laws of the state. He is president and treasurer of the company, W. B. Davis is vice president and M. Radigan is secretary. The M. & M. Company manufactures and sells automobile materials of all kinds and is one of the leading distributing agencies for this class of supplies through the automobile industry at large. Through this company automobile materials are distributed all over the United States and Canada, and there is a large export trade to foreign countries. The offices are at 500 Prospect Avenue, and the company maintains one plant at 513-515 Huron Road and another at 513 High Avenue. A personal organization in the offices and plant requires the services of 125 hands. Among the other important business interests with which Mr. McLean is connected are the McLean Tire & Rubber Company of East Liverpool, Ohio, of which he is president: the Herman McLean Company of Cleveland, of which he is directing manager; the Detroit Avenue Savings & Trust Company. in which he is a director; the Pearl Street Savings & Trust Company, a member of the advisory board. Mr. McLean is affiliated with the Cleveland Yacht Club, the Chamber of Industry, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Clifton Club and Gaston Gallen Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons. In politics he is an independent republican. Mr. McLean built one of the attractive homes of Lakewood in 1915, at 1491 Waterbury Road. He married at Cleveland, Miss Ruth Neville, daughter of Smith and Ada (Bentley) Neville, both now deceased. Her father for a number of years was secretary and treasurer of the Pearl Street Savings & Trust Company. Mr. and Mrs. McLean have one child, Eleanor, born July 11, 1908. GEORGE C. JOHNSON. One of the rapidly and soundly developed business enterprises 302 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of Cleveland is the Enamel Products Company, the remarkable growth of which speaks well for the city's commercial field of opportunity, and calls attention to the ability of the men most directly concerned, the foremost of these being George C. Johnson, who is president and manager. With technical training and business experience, Mr. Johnson is well qualified for important offices and largely to his wisdom and business foresight may the success of this enterprise be attributed. George C. Johnson is yet a young man, born at Cleveland October 12, 1882, and is a son of George J. Johnson, one of the well known substantial residents of Cuyahoga County. A public school course, with graduation from the University School in 1900, was followed by a course at Yale, in the Sheffield Scientific School, from which he graduated in 1903. Upon his return to Cleveland Mr. Johnson went to work for the Gary Iron & Steel Company as a cost clerk, with which concern he found opportunity and promotion and remained in one office or another until he had become secretary of the company. In the meanwhile, however, he became interested in another direction which caused his resignation with the Gary people, and in April, 1915, he was elected president and manager of the Enamel Products Company. The Enamel Products Company was organized in August, 1912, with thirty employes and 8,000 square feet of floor space, having purchased the interests of the Novelty Enamel Company. In December, 1914, the plant was moved to its present location, where they occupy an entire one-story building which gives them 50,000 square feet of floor space. They give employment to 125 men and the entire plant is equipped with the most modern machinery that is on the market. It is located on Eddy Road and Taft Avenue, where the company has admirable transportation facilities. They do general enamel work and such of their products as broiler pans, dirt trays, panels and splashers go to stove manufacturers, but the larger part of their output supplies manufacturers of kitchen cabinets or are bought by department stores. The officers and directors of this company are as follows: George C. Johnson, president and manager; Carl W. Blossom. vice president; and J. Foster, secretary and treasurer; and Wilson B. Hickox, Clifford Dangler, George J. Feiss, O. Chisholm and Wilfred C. Saeger are directors. Mr. Johnson was married in this city, October 18, 1909, to Miss Helen Burgess, and they have the following children: Mary Alice, who attends the public school; Helen B., who is not yet out of the kindergarten; George C.; and Joan. Mr. and Mrs. Johnson are members of the Episcopal Church. As a citizen as well as a business man, Mr. Johnson performs every duty faithfully and lends his influence to movements that are promoted for the general welfare, but he has never accepted a public office and votes outside of any party censorship. He is a member of the Union Club. C. H. FOSTER. The invention of the automobile virtually brought about the birth of a new industry and a new vocation. It was but natural that the invention of the car itself should be followed by the invention of numerous accessories, and it is in the latter direction that C. H. Foster is known to the automobile trade of this and other countries. He is the owner of the Gabriel Manufacturing Company at Cleveland, a concern that since 1904 has been engaged in the manufacture of some of Mr. Foster's own inventions, the latest of which is the Gabriel snubber, an exceptionally clever device now in use by motorists all over the United States, Canada and Europe. C. H. Foster was born at Cleveland, Ohio, December 21, 1873, and is a son of George and Julia Foster. The family is one of the oldest of the city, Mr. Foster's grandfather, Ebenezer Foster, having driven an ox team from Connecticut to Cleveland early in 1800 and settled in Brooklyn, which is now a part of the City of Cleveland. There be was engaged in farming until his death in 1902. George Foster was born on his father's farm September 14, 1845, and received his education in the district schools of that locality. When he grew to manhood he adopted farming as his own life work and that continued to be his vocation until the time of his retirement in 1888. Mr. Foster was married at Cleveland to Miss Julia Shafer, and they became the parents of four children: Frank G., who is a department superintendent in the employ of the Gabriel Manufacturing Company; Lloyd A., a salesman for the same company; C. H.; and Eugene, a salesman with the Gabriel Company. C. H. Foster attended the public schools until he was twelve years old, and at the early age of fourteen years entered the employ of the Bolton Machine Company, with which CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 303 concern he learned the trade of machinist, remaining there 2 1/2 years. While there he put in his leisure time learning to play upon the trombone, and when he was eighteen years old he was retained by the Cleveland Opera House as one of the musicians in its orchestra. He also conducted a machine shop on Erie Street for several years, and while there invented and manufactured a spring wheel bicycle and later built an automobile. In 1898 he began selling the General and Peerless automobiles, and continued thus engaged until 1903, when he gave up these automobiles to go with the Winton ear. In his spare moments he had interested himself in several inventions, and in 1904 left the selling field and gave up his opera house position to start what is now the Gabriel Manufacturing Company. This was originally started to turn out the Gabriel automobile born. In the first year Mr. Foster sold only 1,000 of these horns, and in 1909 manufactured and sold 16,000, but while the demand was good, he finally gave up making this article. In 1907 be invented the Gabriel windshield cleaner, a practical and very useful device, and in the first year turned out 10,000 of these, while in 1916 he manufactured 20,000. In 1910 came his best and most famous invention, the Gabriel snubber, a device calculated to make automobile riding smooth and easy. In that year he manufactured 7,000 sets for the foreign trade, and when he went abroad in order to introduce this article, met with tremendous success. He presented it to five prominent engineers of Europe, who were most favorably impressed with it, and Mr. Foster made contracts for the delivery of 37,000 sets. The manufacture of snubbers has grown to 100,000 sets annually. Mr. Foster employs eighty people in his factory and about 200 others indirectly, and ships his product all over the world. He is sole owner of the company, and takes a justifiable pride in the fact that he has never worked on borrowed capital, being entirely the product of his own prowess and ability. Mr. Foster is a York and Scottish Rite Mason. and belongs also to the Society of Automobile Engineers, the Elks, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Willowick Country Club and the Detroit Athletic Club. He is independent in his political views. Mr. Foster was married July 7, 1907, to Miss Lunetta Kelley, of Cleveland, and they are the parents of one child, Daniel, who is now six years of age. Mr. Foster, by a previous marriage, has one son, Earl, who gradu- Vol. III-20 ated from Cleveland schools and was employed with the Gabriel Manufacturing Company for five years, until he entered the United States service in Company I, Three Hundred and Thirty-sixth Division, United States Volunteers. LAWRENCE H. LANG, beginning his career as a clerk, has attained a creditable position in Cleveland business affairs, being now secretary of the Stillwater Coal Mining Company, with offices in the Rockefeller Building. The Lang family have been residents of Cleveland for many years. Grandfather John Lang, born in Germany in 1835, came td America in young manhood and located at Cleveland, where he married. For a time he worked on the steamer Packard on the Cuyahoga River, and he also was employed by John D. Rockefeller when the latter first became prominent in the oil industry. Still later he was with the old street car line of Cleveland. He began voting as a Whig and subsequently became an ardent republican. Henry T. Lang, father of Lawrence H., was born at Cleveland in 1857. All his active career he spent in the wholesale and retail tobacco business, but is now practically retired. He resides at 6106 Whittier Avenue in Cleveland. Politically he is an independent republican. He married in this city Minnie Schmidt. She was born at Pittsburgh in 1859 and when a small girl her parents came to Cleveland. Henry T. Lang and wife have only two children, Lawrence H. and Adeline, the latter still unmarried and at home. Lawrence H. Lang was born July 29, 1886, and was educated in the Cleveland grammar schools and attended the high school through the sophomore year. He began his business career with the American Steel and Wire Company, working in the freight department two years. Since then his experience and activities have been in the coal business. For three years he was a clerk in the offices of the Cuyahoga Coal Company, later was with the Steiner Coal Company seven years, and in 1913 went with the Stillwater Coal Mining Company, of which he is now secretary. Mr. Lang is a republican in politics and is affiliated with Lakewood Lodge, No. 1350, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. CHESTER W. HUNT. One of the able and experienced business men of Cleveland and one whose name stands high in commercial circles is Chester W. Hunt, who is vice president and 304 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS a member of the board of directors of the Ohio Buick Company, and has other important interests. Mr. Hunt was born at Canfield, Ohio, March 29, 1864, a son of Rev. Cornelius C. and Achsah T. Hunt. The family was a pioneer one in Mahoning County and the father was born also at Canfield. He attended the public schools there and afterward Meadville College, and was ordained to the Methodist Episcopal ministry and continued active in ministerial work until his death in 1916. He was well known in the state as a zealous Christian worker and was held in high esteem in his conference. Backed only by careful home training and a public school education, Chester W. Hunt began his business career at the age of eighteen years as a clerk in a general store at Canfield, where after three years his business capacity received such recognition that he was tendered a partnership and for three more years the business was continued under the firm name of Kirk & Hunt. Seeking a wider field, Mr. Hunt at the expiration of three years sold his mercantile interests and moved to Youngstown, Ohio, where he became secretary of the Youngstown Stamping Company, which business in 1905 was sold to the American Can Company. In the new deal Mr. Hunt, however, was not only retained by the American Can Company, but was given further responsibility, being sent to San Francisco and for two years was in the company's auditing department there, and then came to Cleveland. Here he accepted the position of general manager of the Williams Telephone and Supply Company and continued as such until 1909, when he retired from active business life for several years, giving himself a chance for restful recreation which close application for many years had precluded. In 1911 Mr. Hunt went into the service department of the Peerless Motor Car Company, and one year later entered the sales department and remained until 1913. In the meanwhile he had become interested in the Ohio Buick Company, with which concern he accepted the position of sales manager (retail), and in January, 1914, became general sales manager. It was Mr. Hunt's business progressiveness that led to his election as vice president of this company in 1915 and his being placed on its directing board. He is also a director of the Engin Electric Company. His whole business career has been marked with honest efficiency, a determine- tion to do his best and a recognition of the rights of others. Mr. Hunt was married near Greenville, Pennsylvania, September 29, 1889, to Miss Gertrude Marsteller, and they have two children, Paul B. and Wayne C. The elder son is general sales manager for the Peckham Ice and Coal Company at Dayton, Ohio. The younger son is a graduate of the Case School of Applied Science and now in the aviation service, United States army. Mr. Hunt has advanced far in Masonry, having taken both the Scottish and York rites, and is a member of Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine at Cleveland. He is a member of Brenton B. Babcock Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland, of which he was the first master. In his political sentiments Mr. Hunt is a republican. He has never desired public office for himself, but has ever been ready to heartily support party candidates who, in his opinion, are fitted for party leadership, at the same time always demonstrating the true worth of his citizenship when public affairs demand safe and sane consideration. Mr. Hunt finds agreeable companionship and wholesome recreation in his membership in such representative social organizations as the Cleveland Athletic, the Cleveland Auto and the East Shore Country clubs. CLARENCE G. FRANTZ is secretary and treasurer and one of the men responsible for the organization and upbuilding of the Apex Electrical Manufacturing Company at Cleveland. This firm, with its output of vacuum cleaners, entered the field and has won its way to the front against a heavy competition, and its goods are now established in the favor of thousands and there is a demand for the cleaners such as to make their present manufacturing facilities inadequate. Mr. Frantz was born in New Berlin, Ohio, August 14, 1888, a son of Francis X. and Jennie Frantz. His early life was spent in the neighborhood of his birthplace and he began his public school education there, In 1903, when he was fifteen years old, his parents moved to Akron, in which city he was a student in parochial schools for one year. They then transferred their home to Sandusky, where he continued in the public schools for a year, and then came to Cleveland, where he finished his education with two years in St. Ignatius College. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 305 After completing his education, Mr. Frantz and his brother, Walter A., established the Apex Electrical Manufacturing Company. This important Cleveland corporation now has the following officials: Charles A. Kolp, president; Walter A. Frantz, vice president and superintendent; and Clarence G. Frantz, secretary and . treasurer. The Apex electric suction cleaners are manufactured in several different styles, according to the duty demanded of such machines, and for a medium priced instrument it has qualities of efficiency superior to any other on the market. The Apex cleaner has passed all the tests and has been accepted and indorsed by the Good Housekeeping Institute. When the company began manufacturing the cleaners only a few men were employed, and today the pay roll contains 100 names. The company is now erecting a foundry at East Seventy-fifth and Bittern Avenue, and when that is completed, twenty-five other skilled workmen will be added to the industry. The first year the company manufactured only 1,000 machines, while in 1917 the output at the present rate of manufacture and demand will aggregate 20,000. These machines are sold through electrical distributors with agencies all over the world. Mr. Clarence G. Frantz is also a lawyer, having attended night courses of the Cleveland Law School from 1913 to 1915, and receiving his degree LL. B. He is a republican in politics. June 9, 1915, he married, at Cleveland. Mabel Gilbride. Their two children are Francis B. and Jane. RICHARD FERGUSON. Cleveland as a great center of industry has attracted many of the most expert factory and business executives in the country, and one of these is Richard Ferguson, now general manager of the Grant-Lees Gear Company. Mr. Ferguson has had a very active career. Be spent seven or eight years in the United States army, and after leaving the service he made rapid advancement in business in the field of mechanical engineering. Ile was born at Lowell, Massachusetts, February 6, 1876, a son of Fergus Ferguson. In 1881 his parents came to Detroit, where he grew up and attended the public schools until 1892. He then entered the United States army as candidate for commission, saw considerable active service at Fort Walla Walla and Fort Vancouver, State of Washington. and afterwards went to the Philippines with the Fourth United States Cavalry. After being mustered out in 1900 Mr. Ferguson spent three years as a machinist apprentice with the Solway Process Company of Detroit, and for a year and a half was superintendent of the Wayne Construction Company. After that he was foreman of a machine shop of the Dodge Brothers at Detroit, and next entered the Michigan Auto Parts Company, which soon afterwards became the General Motors Corporation. Through this corporation Mr. Ferguson was assigned as an efficiency and production expert with the Buick Motor Car Company. In 1912 he came to Cleveland, was made assistant superintendent of the Grant-Lees Gear Company, became superintendent in 1913, in 1915 factory manager, and since 1916 has been the vice president and general manager of this large and important corporation. This company is the outgrowth of the John D. Grant Ball Bearing Company. Mr. Grant associated himself with Mr. Lees of the Lees Machinery Company and they took up the manufacture of gear machinery and finally, reorganized their facilities for the manufacture of gears themselves. In 1913 the business took its present title of Grant-Lees Gear Company, with G. B. Collings president; C. W. Blossom, treasurer; and Mr. Ferguson as general manager. In 1913 the company began manufacturing complete transmission equipment. During that year the output was 3,000 units. At the present rate the output for the year 1917 will be 70,000 units. Sixty-three men were on the pay roll in 1913, and today the force is fully 500. This company is now manufacturing transmission equipment for forty-three automobile companies. Mr. Ferguson is also vice president of the Federal Gear Company, president of the Columbia Clutch Company, secretary of the Metal Planing Company, and a stockholder in several other large corporations. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Willowick Country Club, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Masonic order, having taken all the degrees up to and including the thirty-second, Al Koran Temple and Patrol, and is chairman of the entertainment committee. At Flint, Michigan, May 12, 1912, Mr. Ferguson married Virginia Holland. They have three children, Alice, Melba and Richard, the latter born in 1916. The daughters 306 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Alice and Melba are attending the Hathaway School for Girls. HOWELL WRIGHT was elected a senator from Cuyahoga County in 1916, but his more important activities and distinctions are connected with the broad program of social service begun in his native State of Massachusetts and subsequently continued in Cleveland as superintendent of the Associated Charities, then, under appointment from Mayor Newton D. Baker, as superintendent of the City Hospital, and for the past two years, since its organization, as executive secretary of the Cleveland Hospital Council. Mr. Wright was born at Swansea, Massachusetts, January 21, 1882, a son of Rev. Otis 0. and Anna (Kingsbury) Wright. Both parents are still living at Swansea, and his father, after an active experience of forty-one years in the ministry of the Episcopal Church in Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Connecticut, is now living retired. The father was a native of Rhode Island and the mother of Maine, and they were married in the State of Massachusetts. The maternal grandfather of Mr. Wright was Capt. Henry Kingsbury, who brought the first load of coal up the Merrimac River to Newburyport. Another distinguished member of the Kingsbury family was the famous Cleveland pioneer, Judge Kingsbury. Rev. Otis Wright is a member of the Sons of the American Revolution, his Revolutionary ancestor having been James Wells, a first lieutenant in the Rhode Island troops. Rev. Mr. Wright has been very active in republican politics, and one of his brothers served as a senator in Rhode Island and another was a state representative in New Hampshire. Howell Wright was the third in a family of three sons and one daughter: Henry Kingsbury, who died at the age of eighteen in Connecticut ; Lucy, who is general superintendent of the Massachusetts State Commission for the Blind, living at Boston ; and Cecil, an organist and choir director at Glens Falls, New York. Howell Wright, being a minister's son, grew up in a home of culture and refinement, but had to depend upon his own exertions to secure the liberal education which he craved. In 1902 he graduated from the Cheshire Military School at Cheshire, Connecticut, and while in that school was captain of the football and baseball teams. After that he worked his way through Yale University by shoveling coal and looking after furnaces and was too busy earning his board and tuition to take any part in athletics. He had about as strenuous a career of self-help while in university as his noted classmate and friend, James E. Evers, and both these men, singularly enough, are prominent in public welfare work at Cleveland. Mr. Wright, with all his working responsibilities, kept up with his classes at Yale and was given the degree Bachelor of Arts in 1906 and in 1907 received the Master of Arts degree. Mr. Wright has a splendid fund of physical and mental energy for the work he has undertaken and performs so adequately. He has lived a clean, moral life and has found pleasure in wholesome physical recreation, especially as a fisherman and hunter. Every fall he takes some time away from his duties to hunt deer during the open season. For five years after leaving Yale Mr. Wright was employed as a special agent of the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children at Boston, and be also put in part of the time at New Bedford, Massachusetts, where he organized the first branch office of that society. The following year he spent as general secretary of the Norwood Civic Association at Norwood, Massachusetts, and in 1912 came west to Cleveland to take up his duties as superintendent of the Cleveland Associated Charities. He attracted the favorable attention of Secretary of War Baker, then mayor of Cleveland, and at the end of eight months the mayor appointed him superintendent of the Cleveland City Hospital. That was a big responsibility, but he handled it with credit to himself and the city, and only left it to take up a work of broader significance and value to the city when, on January 20, 1915, he became executive secretary of the Cleveland Hospital Council. The Cleveland Hospital Council was formally organized in March, 1916. During the two preceding years the hospitals of the city had co-operated with one another through informal conferences, but after the organization of the council they worked together through regular monthly meetings, and the council has justified itself by its record of solving many individual and collective hospital problems. The purpose of the council, as stated in its constitution, is To Promote the Efficiency of and Cooperation between the various interested hospitals to the end of better meeting the hospital needs of the community." There are twenty institu- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 307 tions represented in the council. Without reciting the various changes already effected and the broad program of proposed reform, it is possible to assert that the Hospital Council has fully justified the hopes of its founders and promoters and is in fact "the center for hospital coordination and progress" in Cleveland. The council is probably the first organization of its kind in any large city of the country. In politics Mr. Wright is a democrat, and so far as the information serves, is the only member of the family in several generations to be identified with that party. On coming to Cleveland he at once took an active part in local politics in the Seventh Ward, as a member of the Tom L. Johnson Club, and has been secretary and is now president of the club in that ward. He was a delegate to the democratic state convention in 1916, and in the same year a delegate from the Twentieth District to the national convention at St. Louis, and cast his vote for Woodrow Wilson. In the fall of 1916 he was elected a member of the State Senate from the Twenty-fifth District. In the session of 1917 he was made chairman of the senate public health committee, and his long experience in public welfare work gave him a position of special authority in connection with every legislative matter involving public health, medical practice, hospitals, etc. On May 13, 1917, Mr. Wright delivered before the annual meeting of the Ohio State Medical Association an address on medical license, medical practice and the Legislature, and in commenting and quoting from this address in the Interstate Medical Journal, the editor said: "No layman has ever been in a better position to understand the real questions at issue, and it is to such men as Mr. Wright, standing as he does as the interpreter of the medical profession's true aims to the public and legislative possibilities and dangers to the medical profession, that we must look for counsel as to our own attitude." Senator Wright is a member of the Western Reserve Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution, of the City Club, the Columbus Athletic Club of Columbus, and he and his wife are identified with Pilgrim Church on the South Side of Cleveland. His home is at 1416 Hentor Avenue. On December 19, 1907, at Newtown, Connecticut, he married Miss Mabel Morris, who was born and educated in Newtown, being a graduate of the high school. Her parents, Levi C. and Fanny (Peck) Morris, are still living and are of old New England ancestry. The Pecks have lived in Connecticut from the time of the Indians. Mrs. Wright's father is a merchant at Newtown and is active in republican politics and in church affairs. Both Senator Wright and Mrs. Wright are devoted to their home and Mrs. Wright is busy with the rearing and training of her three young sons: Edwin Kingsbury, who was born in New Bedfordshire, Massachusetts; Francis Howell, born at Norwood, Massachusetts; and Morris, born at Cleveland. JOSEPH H. CHAMP. The most successful men in America today are those who had it in them to grow in proportion to their opportunities, and a conspicuous example of this success is found in the career of Joseph H. Champ. Forty years ago Mr. Champ was doing the work of a journeyman plumber. He is a Cleveland boy, having been born in this city October 1, 1857. His father, Charles Champ. had come to Cleveland in early life and for many years was connected with the Cleveland Ice Company. When sixteen years of age, Joseph H. Champ left off his studies in the public schools and spent two years learning the plumber's trade with Tom Crosby. The next two years he worked as a journeyman, and in 1879 was taken onto the pay roll of the Bishop, Babcock, Becker Company as a plumber. This firm then manufactured almost exclusively a line of beer pumps. Mr. Champ had been with the company less than a year when he was made a salesman. In 1893 the company called upon him to assume the responsibilities of general superintendent. Then in 1896 he was elected vice president. He attained the dignity of the presidency of the company in 1912 and is still one of the chief executive officers of this big Cleveland industry and since 1915 has been treasurer. When he began with the company its output of air compresses was on a very small scale. They gradually developed the manufacture of beer pumps, later added a bar fixture line, including faucets, plumbing material and brass goods of all kinds, and a few years ago took up the manufacture of bottling machinery, having a machine which would bottle 100 pints of liquid a minute. The business of this firm now almost forbids classification and definite summary of its output. They manufacture heating specialties, water 308 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS systems for residences and farms, soda fountains, carbonators, carbonic acid gas, nitrous oxides for anesthetics, oxygen, epsom salts, chiefly used for tanning leather, tacks, shoe nails, upholstering tacks, etc. Today the business of the firm is such that they employ 1,000 men. There are branches of this company in all the large cities of the United States and also offices in Basle, Switzerland, and in London, England. Mr. Champ is also president of the Iceless Machine Company and was formerly secretary of the Standard Welding Company and president of the Pathescope Company of Cleveland. He is widely known among American business men, is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and the Ohio Society of New York, life member of the Cleveland Museum of Art, a member of the Western Reserve Club, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Automobile Club, Roadside Country Club, Mayfield Country Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Union Club, and is a Scottish and York Rite Mason and Shriner. In politics he is independent. January 15, 1895, at Cleveland, Mr. Champ married Miss Lena Baisch. They have six children : Stella, Lena, Willard, Gardner, Kenneth and Lois. Kenneth is a graduate of the Cleveland public schools, of Culver Military Academy, and left his college work at Cornell University to join the officers' reserve training camp at Fort Benjamin Harrison. Later he was promoted to lieutenant of artillery and is now over seas. Willard is stationed at Camp Sherman. He was promoted from lieutenant to the rank of captain. The daughter, Lois, is now attending Bradford Academy at Bradford, Massachusetts. EARL F. HAUSMAN is president and treasurer of the E. F. Hauseman Company, subcontractors for the installing of steel windows complete, and agents in several states for the Fenestra windows, for the Detroit Steel Products Company, of Detroit, Michigan. Earl F. Hauseman was born at Parma, Ohio, March 24, 1884, and is a son of Frederick J. and Rinda B. Hauseman, who came to Cleveland in their son's childhood. Here he attended the Denison Avenue School and the Lincoln High School and was graduated from the latter in 1903, after which for two years he was a student in Adelbert College. Ready and anxious to enter into business, Mr. Hauseman accepted the position of assistant purchasing agent in the city purchasing department, Cleveland, and displayed such marked business capacity that he was tendered and accepted the position of manager of the Union Metal Manufacturing Company at Canton, Ohio, where he remained until 1909. Upon his return to Cleveland Mr. Hauseman became secretary of the Hunt, Queisser, Bliss Company, dealers in builders' supplies, continuing until 1913, when he bought out a portion of that company and organized the E. F. Hauseman Company. Of this well-known and amply financed concern Mr. Hauseman has been president and treasurer ever since, and associated with him he has G. M. Mills as vice president and J. F. Maline as secretary. As noted above, the business consists of sub-contracting whereby steel windows, complete, including glass ready for use, are installed, a specialty being steel windows for factory buildings, hence the agency of the celebrated Fenestra patents. The Hauseman people only represent the Detroit Steel Products Company in this line and cover the greater part of Ohio, Western Pennsylvania and West Virginia. The history of Fenestra is interesting. The first steel windows of which there is any record were crude affairs fashioned in the blacksmith's forge with his primitive tools full 2,000 years ago. A half century back, steel rolling mills first began to roll commercially satisfactory muntin bars, and metal windows as known today became of recognized importance in the building trades. In 1899 a German workman invented what is known as the Fenestra joint, which was immediately recognized as the acme of steel window joint construction, and the manufacture of this joint was soon being carried on in several European countries. About 1909 the Detroit Steel Products Company secured a license and began to build sash with this joint, and this company put on the market the first solid steel window ever made in America. The Fenestra is adaptable to all types of construction and is mechanically perfect. The importance of this device has made the demand universal and it is a part of the Hauseman Company to handle and distribute in the above territory. Mr. Hauseman is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is one of the directing board of the Apex Coal Company. He was married at Cleveland, August 6, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 309 1907, to Miss Mary Martin, and they have the following children: Frederick, who was born in 1908, and Jean, who was born two years later, are students in St. Ann's Academy; and Ben, John and Richard, who are aged, respectively, five, three and one year. Mr. Hauseman and family belong to the Roman Catholic Church. Mr. Hauseman casts an independent vote. He maintains his membership in his old college fraternity, the Phi Gamma Delta, and is identified also with such representative social bodies as the following: The Shaker Heights Country, Union, the Cleveland Athletic, the Detroit Athletic and the Akron City clubs. THE WHITE COMPANY. No general sketch could do justice to and present an adequate picture of the vastness of Cleveland industries as a whole, and it is only by a series of articles and sketches that the more important of the great manufacturing plants can be represented in this publication. One of the oldest as well as one of the largest at successive periods of the motor vehicle companies represented at Cleveland is the White Company. The White Company is an offspring and an affiliation of the White Sewing Machine Company, which began business in 1870. A sewing machine does not necessarily suggest an automobile, and the entrance of the sewing machine company into the field of automobile manufacture was not on the score of similarity of products, but was the result of initiative and enterprise of some of the officials of the older company, who recognized in automobile manufacture in that pioneer year, 1900, a proper field and scope for legitimate growth and expansion. Accordingly, they began the manufacture of automobiles in a small plant on Canal Street at Cleveland. Everyone familiar with the older types of automobile knows the famous "White Steamers." These early steam machines met with great popular favor as a result of their splendid performance in public competition as well as in private service. Some of the big records of early day automobiling were set by the White cars. They were the first self-propelled vehicles to make long trips over unknown roads, and it was their success on long and difficult tours which produced the type of body now known as "touring" car. In 1906 the company manufactured a total of 1,500 steam touring cars, about twice as many large cars of that type as were then made by any other manufacturer in the world. Obviously, the business had outgrown the original plant on Canal Street, and it had become too large to be identified as a branch or department of the sewing machine company. For these reasons the new White Company was incorporated November 19, 1906, being chartered with a capital of $2,500,000, all common stock. Two years later this capitalization was increased by the issue of $500,000, 7 per cent preferred stock, which in 1915 was retired at a value of $115 a share. The personnel of the new company remained practically the same as that of the old White Sewing Machine Company. As a site for the new plant, thirty acres were secured in the eastern part of Cleveland, close to the park system and near the tracks of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railroad. Here the company built a model factory, fireproof, of brick, steel and concrete, and absolutely modern in equipment and organization. The White Company at this factory continued the production of steam cars in increasing quantities until in 1909 a material advance was made in the design of internal combustion motors. Then, recognizing that a further development of the gasoline engine would mean a road vehicle superior to one operated by steam, the company illustrated its remarkable freedom from prejudice and quickly adapted itself to the new conditions. Experts were sent to Europe to study all the improvements made in gasoline motors, and a type that exemplified the greatest measure of reliability was Americanized by the White engineers. The result was a car of new design which had as its chief characteristic a long stroke monobloc motor. With other minor improvements, including the addition of the White electrical system of starting and lighting, the White became conspicuous in the field of high grade, high priced cars. Soon afterwards another model was added, a four-cylinder 40-horsepower car of the same general design, this being followed by a still larger car of six cylinders developing sixty horsepower. Four-cylinder cars, however, composed the main product of the company. About 1914 there was a great deal of controversy as to the advantages of fours and sixes. While the White Company built trucks and passenger cars of the six-cylinder type, it announced its faith in the four-cylinder motor as the ultimate and final type of automobile 310 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS engines, and worked steadily to develop that motor to its highest efficiency. The result was the White sixteen-valve four, a rugged, simple, high efficiency motor which proved that valve capacity was more important than the number of cylinders. The White Company has been a pioneer in the motor truck field and seventeen years of experience is represented in the later designs of the White truck. In both war and peace the White trucks have fulfilled many of the highest ideals of perfect service. In January, 1910, the company produced its first 3-ton gasoline truck. This one truck gave good service to an Albany firm for five years and was then sold and used another full year. Other models were soon brought out, of capacities of 1 1/2 tons, 1,500 pounds and five tons. For several years every type of commercial vehicle has been included in the White output. Besides the standard type, the company has manufactured taxicabs, power dumping trucks, fire apparatus, motor buses, hearses, ambulances, patrols, tractor-wheeled trucks for road work, sprinklers, etc. The last five-year period has also seen many new additions to the factory and its equipment, and the capitalization has been increased to keep pace with the company's general development. When the White Motor Company was formed to take over the business and assets of the White Company, the capitalization of the new company was $16,000,000. This capitalization has remained unchanged to the present time. J. HORACE JONES. In banking and business circles of Cleveland few names are better known that that of J. Horace Jones. Connected with the Lake Shore Banking and Trust Company since the time of its organization, in 1890, he is now vice president and a director of the institution, and has also been identified with various other financial and business enterprises and in general has taken a very active participation in the busy life of the city. Mr. Jones was born at Dundee, Tuscarawas County, Ohio, August 20, 1866, a son of A. C. and Annie (Russell) Jones. His grandfather, Biriah Jones, came from Connecticut about 1820 and settled near Middletown on a farm, where, February 21, 1836, A. C. Jones was born. A. C. Jones received a country school education, but when fifteen years of age his father died and he was compelled to go to work, he being the eldest in a family of ten children. From that date he supported his mother and assisted to rear the children until they were able to care for themselves. At the time of his father's death Mr. Jones went to the vicinity of Winfield, a little Ohio community, where he engaged in farming and stock raising and gradually developed into a successful dealer and shipper of cattle. He continued this business for many years, built up a modest but satisfying fortune, and retired from active labors in 1905. J. Horace Jones attended the public school at Dundee and for his high school education went to the neighboring town of Strasburg. Leaving that institution at the age of sixteen years, he next attended the Northwestern Ohio University at Ada, Ohio, for two years, his education being completed by a subsequent course at the Spencerian Business College, Cleveland. Mr. Jones' introduction to practical business was gained through experience at Canal Dover, Ohio, where he held a position as clerk in the Iron Valley Bank for two years, then going back to Ada to become assistant cashier of the Citizens Bank. One year later he came to Cleveland, and June 5, 1890, opened the books of the Lake Shore Banking and Trust Company, serving in various capacities during the next two years, or until 1892, when he was made secretary and a director. In 1902 he was elected treasurer, and in 1916 vice president. The success of this institution has been largely a matter of Mr. Jones' making, for he is a man of fine abilities and one able to recognize opportunities and capable of making the most of them. He is a member of the finance committee of the Doan Savings and Loan Company and a director of the Diamond Stamping Works Company and has many interests that make him an influential figure in business and banking. Fraternally he is a Mason of the Scottish Rite rank, a Shriner, and president of the East Cleveland Masonic Temple Company. He is also a member of the Union Club, the East Shore Country Club and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and president of the East Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Politically he is a republican, and his religious connection is with the Christian Church. Mr. Jones was married at Detroit, Michigan, May 26, 1904, to Miss Charlotte M. Vennard, and they have three children: Margery Leuty, Russell Vennar and J. Horace, Jr., all attending the public schools. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 311 EDWIN T. SARGENT, by successive promotions covering a period of many years, is now one of the active executive officials of the Bishop-Babcock-Becker Company, one of the largest industries of Cleveland. Mr. Sargent was born at Rochester, Indiana, March 25, 1874, a son of Samuel Rodger and Marie (Hoehne) Sargent. His father, who was born in Ogdensburg, New York, in August, 1851, was educated in his native town and in the early '70s moved to Indiana. There for a time he was state representative for the Howe Sewing Machine Company. He first located at Rochester, then Logansport, and finally in Terre Haute. He was one of the original pioneers in that field of industry. In 1883 he moved his family to Cleveland and was with the Lapham-Dodge Company, manufacturers of washboards, as sales manager for many years. Later he organized the Standard Washboard Company of Eaton, Indiana, in which he became a stockholder and sales manager. His death occurred in 1901. Edwin T. Sargent was a boy of nine years when he came to Cleveland, and here he finished his education in the grammar and high schools, graduating at the age of eighteen. His first business experience was as bill clerk with L. F. & S. Burgess, wholesale grocers, and he was soon put in the bookkeeping department of this firm and remained until he was nineteen. He then went on the road for the Lapham-Dodge Company, washboard manufacturers, of Cleveland; Ohio. In 1894 he left the road and became cashier, bookkeeper and office manager for the Walker Manufacturing Company. In 1898 he again Went on the road, this time for the Standard Washboard Company, his father's company, and continued selling his goods until 1901. At that date Mr. Sargent entered the services of the Bishop-Babcock-Becker Company, manufacturers of soda fountain supplies, as bookkeeper. In 1902 he was promoted to cashier and was put in entire charge of the books of the firm. In 1905 he became office manager and assistant treasurer, and in 1912 assistant secretary and treasurer, and since 1913 has been secretary of the company and office manager. Mr. Sargent is also director and secretary of the Lennox Chemical Company, Cleveland Faucet Company, and is director, secretary and vice president of the Consolidated Engineering Company of Chicago, Illinois; also secretary and director of the Massachusetts Blower Works of Watertown, Massachusetts. He is a York and Scottish Rite Mason, and at present generalissimo of Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar. Politically he is a republican and is a member of the Presbyterian Church. At Cleveland Mr. Sargent married Elizabeth Krekel. They have four children: Rodger Edward, a graduate of the Glenville High School, and is now connected with the Franz-Premier Company as salesman; Edward T., Jr., a graduate of Glenville High School and now managing his father's farm in Ohio; William C. H., now in high school; and Richard James. GEORGE EASTERBROOK is active head and has supplied most of the enterprise entering into the growth and development of the Easterbrook Coal Company, one of the largest of the many concerns selling coal and fuel in the metropolitan district of Cleveland. Mr. Easterbrook is a native of Cleveland, where he was born May 16, 1863. His father, Josiah 0. Easterbrook, was a sturdy representative of that district of England famous for the character of its men and women, Devonshire, where he was born. April 20, 1834. After getting an education in the old country he came to America at the age of twenty and for several years was employed in Cleveland as a laborer. In 1863 he invested capital and started teaming, and in 1869 became identified with the manufacture of brick, a business which he continued until 1880. He then sold out and resumed the teaming industry until 1888. In that year he entered the coal business with his son George as a partner and was an active member of the firm until his death on July 16, 1899. After coming to Cleveland, Josiah Easterbrook married, on April 20, 1862, Delia Fitzpatrick. They had two children, George and Mrs. Anna Walker of Cleveland. George Easterbrook left public school at the age of fifteen and took a place on one of his father's wagons, driving a team and getting a more than practical familiarity with every branch of the teaming industry. At the age of twenty he took charge of one of the local yards of Stout-Van Wickle Company, agents for the New York and Ohio Coal Company. The following year he was employed in a similar capacity by the Morgan, Moore & Baine coal firm. Having acquired a practical knowledge of the coal business and with his previous experience in teaming as an important asset, Mr. Easterbrook and his father then bought one of the yards of the firm of Morgan, 312 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Moore & Baine and established what has since grown into the Easterbrook Coal Company. They had a small yard at first, had a restricted trade, and only a modest capital embarked in the business. The Easterbrook Coal Company has been growing and progressing under the energetic direction of George Easterbrook and now handles an important share of the coal distributed throughout Cleveland every year. They have twenty men in their employ and Mr. Easterbrook is president of the company. He is also interested in real estate affairs, owning some very valuable property in Cleveland. Mr. Easterbrook is affiliated with Bigelow Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Thatcher Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Forest City Commandery, Knights Templar, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, with the Knights of Pythias, the Pythian Club, the Pythian Association, and is a member of the Pythian General Relief Committee, being one of the most prominent members of that order in Cleveland. He is also active in the Men's League of the Archwood Congregational Church. In politics he is content with casting his vote as a republican. On March 29, 1887, Mr. Easterbrook married at Cleveland Emma Guscott. They are the parents of two sons and one daughter, and both sons are active in business with their father. Josiah Oliver, the oldest, was born in Cleveland, January 7, 1888, is a graduate of high school, and is now secretary and treasurer of the Easterbrook Coal Company. Alvin George, the second son, was born at Cleveland March 27, 1893, and supplemented his high school course with work in the Spencerian Business College. He is at present gaining a thorough familiarity with the coal industry as yard superintendent for his father's company. The daughter, Edna Harriet, is a graduate of a Cleveland high school and is now attending the Woman's College of Western Reserve University. ADDISON T. HUBBARD. From a place at the bench, where he learned all the details of the jeweler's business, Addison T. Hubbard, by industry and ability, has risen to the head of one of Cleveland's largest and most noted retail jewelry houses. He was born at Holden, Massachusetts, October 10. 1848, a son of Samuel Brigham and Sarah (Holmes) Hubbard. He was educated in the public schools and at Worcester Academy at Worcester, Massachusetts. After completing his education he spent two years as clerk in a retail dry goods house at Boston, and then went with a jewelry house in that city, learning the trade. Mr. Hubbard came to Cleveland in 1871. The first nine years in this city was spent as a clerk with Sylvester Hogan, a local jeweler. He then formed a partnership with Samuel H. Cowell, under the firm name of Cowell & Hubbard, retail jewelers. In 1886 the business was incorporated as the Cowell & Hubbard Company, with Mr. Cowell as president. The death of the senior partner occurred in 1888, since which time Mr. Hubbard has been president of the firm and the great growth and prosperity of the business have occurred during his active executive management. Mr. Hubbard is an active member of Tyrian Lodge of Masons, Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, and the Council and Oriental Commandery of the Knights Templar. He is also a member of the Union Club and in politics is independent. In September, 1884, at Cleveland, Mr. Hubbard married Katharine Beckwith Knight. They have three children, two sons and one daughter. Mr. Hubbard's son, Sterling B., is buyer for the Cowell & Hubbard Company. The daughter is Mrs. Fred Tod of Youngstown, Ohio. OTTO GROSSENBACHER. There would be little of general interest attaching to the life of an individual who never achieved anything for himself. To be the recipient of bounty or to secure financial assistance from any other source than as a result of his own efforts is in large measure distasteful to the free, independent spirit that is a characteristic of American manhood. Hence it is interesting and instructive to trace the footsteps of successful men, and, reading between the lines, see how they have succeeded and set a pace whereby others may gain encouragement and seek to emulate them. Otto Grossenbacher is a native son of Cleveland. He was born in this city May 10, 1884. His parents are Frederick and Barbara C. (Pfister) Grossenbacher, the former of whom was born in La Cheautafond, Switzerland, in November, 1842, and was educated there and learned the trade secrets that have made the Swiss the finest watchmakers in the world. In 1869 he came to America, and after locating at Cleveland, Ohio, for a time conducted a store on the Public Square. Later he became engaged as a watchmaker with CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 313 Sylvester Hogan, but in 1882 he became watchmaker for the firm. of Cowell & Hubbard, retail jewelers, and continued with that company until 1907, when he retired. He was married after coming .to Cleveland, to Barbara C. Pfister, and they have six children. Until he was sixteen years of age Otto Grossenbacher was helpful to his father in many ways, but was mainly concerned with acquiring a good education. When he left the high school he went into the employ of the Lake Shore Railroad as an office boy, and it is pretty certain that he was an energetic and faithful one or he would not have been given a clerkship, in which he spent four years, leaving the railroad to accept a better position. He entered the wholesale credit department of the Sterling & Welch Company, carpet dealers, and remained with this well known firm for seven years. Hard work and too close application, perhaps, brought on an illness and for two years Mr. Grossenbacher had to rest, but at the end of that period resumed business activity and has continued active and energetic ever since. When Mr. Grossenbacher re-entered business it was in the wholesale district and he became connected with the tea and coffee department of H. C. Christie & Company, wholesale grocers, and subsequently for two years was their specialty candy man. From that firm Mr. Grossenbacher went to an equally reputable one, the Woolson Spice Company, and for two years served as their Cleveland representative, then became identified with the William M. Hardie Company. He is now secretary of this important business house. Through long experience he is widely known in commercial lines, has many friends both in business and in social life, and commands the respect and confidence of everyone. Mr. Grossenbacher is unmarried. In everything that concerns progress and advancement at Cleveland Mr. Grossenbacher takes a hearty interest and hence is one of the active members of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He has never been active in politics, but has always recognized his responsibilities and has done his full duty as a citizen. He is connected with some social organizations and fraternally belongs to Iris Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Cleveland Chapter, the Council ; Coeur de Lion Commandery, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory, thirty-second degree; Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order Nobles of the Mystic Shrine, and Al Sirat Grotto. PETER P. EVANS, who has spent the greater part of his active life solving the problems of practical engineering, is now secretary and a director of the Osborn Engineering Company of Cleveland. Mr. Evans was born at Chillicothe, Ohio, May 27, 1870, son of William and Alma P. Evans. He acquired both a liberal and technical education, graduating from the Chillicothe High School in 1888 and in the Civil Engineering Department of Ohio State University in 1892. As a civil engineer his early experience was in the field of railroad work. For four months after leaving college he was employed on the survey of the Columbus Belt Railway, for eight months was located at Coshocton, Ohio, as draftsman under John A. Hanlon, then chief engineer of the Toledo and Walhonding Valley Railway, and for the next two years had his headquarters at Cleveland, as assistant engineer and draftsman during the construction of the branch of the Cleveland, Lorain & Wheeling Railroad from Cleveland to Mederia. His next association was with the Osborn Engineering Company of Cleveland, as engineer on various construction enterprises for eight months. The King Bridge Company of Cleveland then sent him to Boston, where he had charge of a number of construction contracts in and around that city until 1901. Resigning his work at Boston, Mr. Evans returned to Cleveland and became identified with the Osborn Engineering Company as contracting engineer. In 1905 he was elected a director of the company, and since 1915 has held the post of secretary. Mr. Evans is also a director in the Associated Investment Company, in the Twinsburg Banking Company at Twinsburg, Ohio, and is a director and treasurer of the Wilcoxton Water Company. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Akron City Club of Akron, the Cleveland Athletic Club, is a Mason, a republican, and a member of the Congregational Church. At Columbus, Ohio, September 10, 1894, he married Mary Harward. They have three children : Eugene H.. aged twenty-two, is a graduate of Oberlin College and is now attending the Medical School of Western Reserve University: Corinne P., the daughter, is a student in Oberlin College: while George 314 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS L., aged eleven, is in the East Cleveland public schools. WILLIAM FREDERICK RAPPRICH, who is a native of Cuyahoga County, and represents a family that has been in America three generations, is one of Cleveland's veteran bankers. He went to work in a bank here over twenty-eight years ago, and is one of the oldest officials of the Forest City Savings and Trust Company. He has been secretary and treasurer of this great institution for a number of years, and is also a vice-president and director and member of the executive committee. Mr. Rapprich was born at Warrensville, in Cuyahoga County, September 7, 1867, son of William J. and Rosina (Rhein) Rapprich. His parents were both born in Germany, but were brought to America when children by their respective parents. William J. Rapprich when a child was taken to Canada, where the family lived a number of years and where his father died. William J. Rapprich came to the United States at the close of the Civil war, locating, at Warrensville, and he and his wife were married at Cleveland. She had come to Cleveland at the age of twenty-five. William J. Rapprich was a blacksmith and horseshoer by trade and also operated a small farm at Warrensville. For some years he was also employed at his trade in Cleveland. He died at Millersburg, Ohio, December 12, 1888, at the age of fifty-two, and his wife passed away at the same town May 23, 1897, aged sixty-one. They had a family of two sons and two daughters; Katherine, wife of Philip P. Schlarb, of Millersburg; William Frederick; Augusta, wife of Simon P. Engel, of Lakewood, Ohio; and Charles J., a grocer at West Park. William Frederick Rapprich was educated in the public schools of Warrensville, in district schools at Ashtabula and the Millersburg High School. Before graduating from high school he took a special preparatory course for teaching at Millersburg and for two years taught near that town. Coming to Cleveland, he attended the Spencerian Business College, and from that in 1890 entered upon his banking career as an employe of the old East End Savings Bank Company. That bank is now part of the Cleveland Trust Company. He began as a clerk and by diligent attention to his duties won promotion to larger responsibilities. For three years he was teller, and in 1895 took the position of teller with the Detroit Street Savings Bank Company. In 1901 the Detroit Bank was consolidated with the Forest City 'Savings and Trust Company, then known as the Forest City Savings Bank Company, the present title being acquired at the time of the consolidation. This company has its home at West Twenty-fifth Street, corner of Detroit Avenue, Northwest. The company at the beginning of 1918 had total resources of over $4,500,000. Its capital stock is $250,000 and its surplus and undivided profits are upwards of $300,000. More than $4,000,000 are credited to deposits, this item perhaps more than anything else indicating the strength and popularity of the company. Many of Cleveland's best known citizens, business and professional men are on the board of directors. The president is Stephen E. Brooks. At the time of the consolidation in 1901 Mr. Rapprich was elected assistant secretary and treasurer, and on January 1, 1916, became secretary and treasurer. In addition to these responsibilities he was also elected one of the four vice-presidents on January 1, 1917. Fraternally be is affiliated with Woodward Lodge No. 508, Free and Accepted Masons, is a member of all the Scottish Rite bodies in Cleveland, and is also a York Rite Mason. He is present commander of Forest City Commandery, Knights Templar, and is a member of Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. Mr. Rapprich is a member of the Bankers' Club of Cleveland, the Masonic Club, the West Side Chamber of Industry, is an elder and trustee of the Lakewood Presbyterian Church, and every worthy movement on the West Side is assured of his hearty support and co-operation. While so many years of his life have been devoted to finance and banking, Mr. Rapprich sometimes confides to his immediate friends that he was by nature designed for a farmer. His chief recreation and hobby is growing things in the soil, and he delights in the cultivation of flowers and garden vegetables. His home is at 12552 Clifton Boulevard in Lakewood. At Cleveland, March 12, 1903, he married Miss Ida E. Krauss. She was born and educated in Cleveland, daughter of Capt. Herman C. and Rosina (Moeder) Krauss. Her parents are now living retired. Mr. and Mrs. Rapprich have one son, William Ferdinand, born at Lakewood March 16, 1908. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 315 FORREST A. GRAVES. In an age when achievement is largely measured by practical results, a man must cherish and exercise every talent that Nature has endowed him with. Special talents may not manifest themselves early, but circumstances are sure to indicate them later in life. A youth compelled to lay aside his books at the early school age of fifteen years in order to become self-supporting may happen upon the precise line of work that will give him the necessary training for ultimate success, and this undoubtedly was the case with Forrest A. Graves, one of Cleveland's well known financiers, who is manager at Cleveland for the prominent firm of E. W. Wagner & Company, of the Stock Exchange of New York City. Forrest A. Graves was born at Utica, Ohio, January 15, 1880. His parents were C. A. and Sarah (Coed) Graves. Until he was fifteen years old the youth attended school, mainly at Newark, Ohio, and when he left the high school it was with no prospect of collegiate or university educational and social advantages. On the other hand he knew full well that his future lay in his own effort and therefore accepted the first position that presented itself, that of messenger boy in the telegraph offices of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad at Newark, where he continued a year, in the meanwhile learning the art of telegraphy and subsequently, for eighteen months, served in the railroad offices as telegrapher. This practical experience led to his being engaged in the train dispatcher's office of the Union Pacific Railroad at Green River, Wyoming, where he remained for six months and then went to Chicago and there was engaged as telegrapher in the office of the general superintendent of the Baltimore & Ohio for one year, a position that gave him standing because of its difficulties and its professional requirements. Mr. Graves then returned to Ohio and secured a position as telegrapher with Caleb L. McKee, stock broker, at Columbus, this being a far advance on the path which finally, led to his established position in the financial world. During the two years he remained with Mr. McKee he made headway. step by step, and was advanced to the place of business solicitor, an office he filled with such efficiency that he was entrusted, four and one-half years later, with the responsibility of establishing a branch office for that firm in Cleveland, and remained its manager until 1910, when he was admitted to partnership, and that relation existed until April 1, 1912, when he sold out. Mr. Graves then became manager for the firm of Finley Barre11 & Company, Stock Exchange, and remained such until September 1, 1913, when he was transferred to the New York City office, No. 74 Broadway, where his activities continued until September 1, 1914. On April 1, 1915, Mr. Graves returned to Cleveland and here opened an office for E. W. Wagner & Company, Stock Exchange, New York City, of which he has been manager ever since and has had the satisfaction of realizing that since he has been in charge at this important point the firm has done the largest amount of business in its history. It is considered a privilege by the biographer to be given an opportunity to trace the successive stages of a successful man's self-made career, for on the threshold of manhood now stands hundreds of wavering youths who woefully need such encouraging examples to give them hope and inspire emulation. Mr. Graves was married at Butler, Ohio, in February, 1902, to Miss Ethel M. Spayde. They have one daughter, Virginia C., who is a student in the Cleveland High School. As a good citizen Mr. Graves is interested at all times in public affairs. He is in no sense a politician, but casts his vote with the republican party as the exponent of the principles in which he believes. In matters of great moment in national affairs he cherishes no partisan feeling but acts generously and gives liberally to insure the country's safety and honor. He has long been identified with the Masonic fraternity and enjoys member. ship in such social organizations as the Cleveland Athletic, Cleveland Yacht, Western Reserve, Cleveland Automobile, and the Old Colony Clubs. He belongs also to the Cleveland Museum of Art. HENRY A. HAEFLINGER, sales manager of the Astrup Awning Company, has had an unusually wide range of business experience for a man of his years, and his prosperous position today is due not only to that experience, but also to the possession of sound ability as a salesman and to the faculty of being able to handle both the details and the larger processes of a business organization. Mr. Haeflinger is a native of Cleveland, where he was born July 28, 1880. His father, Henry Hadlinger, came to this city in the early '70s. For a time lie was engaged in 316 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS farming, but finally began taking contracts for the loading and unloading of lumber in the port of Cleveland. This he developed into a considerable business and continued it until his death in 1908. Henry A. Haeflinger was educated in the public schools, but at the age of fifteen began making his own living. For a year he was employed by the Bourne & Knowles Washer Company. Another three years he spent in the factory of the Ohio Cooperage Company. A very different experience came when he entered the service of the Carney & Johnston Company, manufacturers of ladies' hats. He started in there at the bottom, and in time became manager of the silk cutting department and remained in charge of that for six years. Mr. Haeflinger then took the sales work for the Buckeye Awning & Tent Company for seven months, and after that for eight years was salesman for the Astrup Awning Company. He resigned to establish the Wagner Haeflinger Awning Company, in which he continued as partner until he and his partner sold out to the Cleveland Akron Bag Company, when he again returned to the Astrup Company, in which he is a stockholder. They manufacture awning hardware and install awnings and tents, horse and wagon covers, shower bath covers, and practically everything in the canvas line. They have a factory and organization now requiring the services of 100 men, and the business is growing every year. Mr. Haeflinger is affiliated with the Improved Order of Red Men, with the Chamber of Commerce, Knights of Pythias, Clark Avenue Merchants Association. Politically he votes as an independent. At Elyria, Ohio, December 20, 1899, he married Miss Catherine Hajek. JAMES L. PATON. In May, 1917, James L. Paton rounded out a consecutive service of a quarter of a century with the Columbia Savings and Loan Company of Cleveland. It is a long time to be identified with one institution, and in this case length of service has been accompanied by increasing responsibilities and honors in the business itself, so that a large number of people consider the name James L. Paton practically synonymous with the Columbia Savings and Loan Company, one of the oldest and best managed financial institutions of its kind in the city. The Columbia Savings and Loan Company has its main business at Broadway and Fifty-fifth Street, and also maintains a branch office. It is a general commercial and savings bank, with special departments for the handling of real estate, trusts and collections. While it is not one of the largest banks in the state of Ohio, it is by no means one of the smallest, since its total resources at the close of 1917 aggregated well upwards of $3,000,000. It has a capital stock of $100,000, surplus fund of $100,000, and its total volume of deposits at the close of the business year of 1917 was more than $2,500,000. The executive officers and directors are all prominent business and professional men of Cleveland. The president is C. G. Barkwill, the vice-presidents are George R. Canfield and E. S. Barkwill, the treasurer is Mr. James L. Paton, and the secretary, Charles J. Hodous. Mr. Paton is a native of Cleveland, born in this city July 7, 1872, and a son of the late Robert W. Paton, a sketch of whom appears elsewhere in this publication. James L. Paton was educated in the Cleveland public schools, finished the sophomore year of high school, and graduated in 1889 from the Spencerian Business College. The next three years he spent with the McKinnon Insurance Company, but in May, 1892, formed his first connection with the Columbia Savings and Loan Company as commercial bookkeeper. From time to time he has assumed other responsibilities, was for some years cashier, and since 1910 has been treasurer of the company. He is also treasurer of the Wheeler Realty Company. Mr. Paton is a republican voter, is affiliated, with Cleveland City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Cleveland Automobile Club. His home is at 1045 East Boulevard Avenue, where he bought his modern residence from the Strangward estate in 1915. In October, 1898, at Detroit, Mr. Paton married Miss Myrtle Hoffner, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Hoffner, the latter now deceased. Her father, who lives at Detroit, is in the fish and game business with the firm of O'Neil & Hoffner. Mr. and Mrs. Paton have two children, a son and a daughter: Robert H., who is a junior in the Cleveland High School. and Margaret E., a student in the Laurel School. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 317 WILLIAM C. HARRINGTON. The history of a nation is nothing more than a history of the individuals comprising it, and as they are characterized by loftier or lower ideals, actuated by the spirit of ambition or indifference, so it is with a state, county or town. Success along any line of endeavor would never be properly appreciated if it came with a single effort and unaccompanied by some hardships, for it is the knocks and bruises in life that make success taste so sweet. The failures accentuate the successes, thus making recollections of the former as dear as those of the latter for having been the stepping stones to achievement. The career of Mr. Harrington but accentuates the fact that success is bound to come to those who join brains with ambition and are willing to work. William C. Harrington is head and sole owner of the Harrington Electrical Company, a thriving business concern that specializes in all kinds of electrical construction work. He was born in the city of Detroit, Michigan, December 8, 1872, and is a son of Dennis and Elizabeth (Smith) Harrington, both of whom are now deceased. In the public schools of his native place Mr. Harrington received his early educational training, and at the age of fourteen years he began to learn the art of boat building with the James Dean Company, boat builders, with which concern he was connected for a period of four and one-half years He then worked as a carpenter for one year, and in 1890 returned to boat building as an employe of the Detroit Boat Company, which concern built the first electric motor boats used at the Chicago World's Fair. In 1894 he engaged as an electrician, working for the city of Detroit for one year. He then entered the employ of the Crook Electrical Company, and a year and a half later began to work for the Field & Hinchman Electric Engineering Company. He completed his course as an electrical engineer at the end of one year, and then worked for the Lewis K. Comstock Electric Company, remaining with that concern for one year. He then went to Toledo, Ohio, and engaged as an electrician with the Bissell, Dodge, Erner Electrical Company. Subsequently he became superintendent of construction in the Columbus, Ohio, branch of the latter company and in 1902, when the Erner Electrical Company was formed, he came to Cleveland as superintendent of construction and later held the position of estimator. In 1907 he resigned and entered into a partnership association with F. M. Grant, under the firm name of Harrington & Grant, and in 1914, purchasing the interest owned by Mr. Grant, he became. sole owner of a large electrical construction business now known as the Harrington Electrical Company. He has forty men in his employ and makes a specialty of all kinds of electrical construction work, his slogan being: "No jobs too large, no jobs too small." He has done work in the following wellknown buildings: Armour & Company, Stearns Motor Car Company, Van Dorn-Dutton Company, National Telephone Supply Company, Gilsey Hotel, Majestic Theatre, Dennison Square Theatre, Dennison Avenue School, St. Anthony's Boys' School, St. Coleman's Church, St. Ignatius School, Immaculate Conception School, Holy Name School, Lorain County Savings Bank at Elyria, Quaker Oats plant at Akron, and in many other factories and fine residences. On April 29, 1902, in Detroit, Michigan, was solemnized the marriage of Mr. Harrington to Miss Katherine Reed, a native of Lockport, New York, but was taken to the city of Detroit when a child by her parents. Mr. and Mrs. Harrington have one daughter, Katherine, now thirteen years old and a graduate from Blessed Sacrament Parochial School. In connection with his work Mr. Harrington is a member of the Builders' Exchange, the Electrical League, the National Electrical Contractors Association, and the Ohio State Electrical Contractors Association, in the latter two of which he has held a number of important offices. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Sons of Jove, the Spanish War Veterans, the Army & Navy Union, the Knights of Columbus. Ancient Order of Hibernians, and the Sheridan Athletic Club. He is independent in his political proclivities and in religious devotion is a Catholic. Mr. Harrington is a public-spirited citizen, giving his aid to all matters projected for the good of the general welfare, and as a business man he deserves much credit, being absolutely self-made. Mr. Harrington served during the Spanish-American war as a member of Company I, Sixth United States Volunteer Signal Corps, serving in Cuba, and assisted in the re-construction of that island's shattered telegraph service. BERNARD A. JUDD at the age of fifteen left high school to become messenger boy in the City Bank of Holyoke, Massachusetts. When he left that institution at the age of twenty- 318 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS one he was teller, but his real field of work has not been banking, but the paper business, both in the manufacturing and jobbing lines. For two years he worked as record clerk for the Chemical Paper Company, and then for seven years was purchasing agent for the White & Wyckoff Company, manufacturers of stationery. Mr. Judd came to Cleveland as representative for the Allen & Cory Paper Company of Rochester, New York. In 1911 he resigned and was one of the men active in the organization of the Petrequin Paper Company, of which he is secretary and a director. This is one of the leading paper companies located at Cleveland. Mr. Judd was born at Holyoke, Massachusetts, August 22, 1875. His father, Arthur N. Judd, born at the same place August 17, 1841 was educated there and from the occupation of farming became a millwright with the Carew Paper Company until he retired in 1892. His death occurred in 1902. He married in East Hampton Massachusetts, Elizabeth N. Keegan. They had three sons: Raymond S., with the West Penn Paper Company of Pittsburgh; Harrison W., with the Bosch Magneto Company at Springfield, Massachusetts: and Bernard A. Mr. Bernard A. Judd is member of the Add Club, the Graphic Arts Club. the Kiwanis Club, the Congregational Church, and is a republican voter. At Springfield, Massachusetts October 31, 1900, he married Minerva Murray. daughter of Dr. David Murray. Her family for more than sixty years have been identified with paper manufacturing. They first came from Wales, and in the early days they made paper by the old hand processes. Mr. and Mrs. Judd have three children: Donald M., aged sixteen, and a student in high school ; Edward Payson, aged eleven, and in grammar school; and Ruth Elaine, also a grammar school student. OLINDO G. MELARAGNO is one of the publishers of the Voce Del Popolo Italiano, one of the first. largest and most influential Italian organs of publicity and news in Ohio. It was established in 1904 by Mr. Melaragno and his cousin, Fernando Melaragno, as a daily Italian newspaper, circulating not only in Cleveland but all over Ohio and neighboring states. While it is conducted along the ordinary lines of a newspaper, it also has a high and worthy principle, being designed to educate the immigrants as to the laws and methods of work in the United States and se cure for the Italian Americans the best advantages of economic and social rights and privileges, and also train them for good American citizenship. Olindo G. Melaragno was born at Forli Del Sannio, Provincia Campobasso, Italy, November 1, 1867. His father, Leonardo Melaragno, spent his life in Italy, where he died in 1868. He served his time in the Italian army and outside of that was a business man and merchant at Forli Del Sannio. He was a Catholic. He married Enrichetta Milano, who was born in 1846 and is still living at Forli Del Sannio. She is the mother of two children, Olindo and Josephine, the latter the wife of Joan Griffa, living at Capracotta in the Provincia Campobasso. Olindo G. Melaragno was educated in the public schools of his native town and first came to the United States in 1887. He located at Mechanicsburg, and while there attended high school, graduating in 1889. The following year he spent in the West, in the states of Colorado, California, Arizona, New Mexico, Idaho and Washington. He then went back to Italy. In 1900 Mr. Melaragno came to Cleveland and was in the general contracting business until 1903, after which he joined his cousin in establishing the Voce Del Popolo Italiano. The plant and offices of this newspaper is at the corner of East Ninth Street and Central Avenue, and in 1914 they built a modern brick home for the newspaper and publishing offices at the corner of Fourteenth Street and Central Avenue. They also conduct a foreign exchange for money orders, sent back to Italy by Cleveland workingmen. Mr. Melaragno is a republican in politics, is a member of the Catholic Church, is affiliated with Campo Pica Lodge, Camp of the Woodmen of the World, is a member of the Sons of Italy and various beneficiary societies. He also belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. In 1891, in Ohio, he married a distant relative, Barbara Melaragno, who was born at Forli Del Sannio. To their marriage have been born four children. Philomena is the wife of Charles Moors, of Cleveland. Mr. Moore is now a first lieutenant in the aviation corps with the United States Army. Columbus, living at Cleveland, is associated with his father in the newspaper business. Leonard is a student in the East High School and Beatrice is a student of vocal music in New York City under Prof. Joseph Campanaro and is a young CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 319 woman who has shown brilliant talent in the divine art of music. Fernando Melaragno, editor of the Voce Del Popolo Italiano, was born at Forli Del Sannio, Provincia Campobasso, Italy, December 8, 1868. His father, Viagio Melaragno, was born at the same place in 1830 and died there in 1907. He was a man of prominence and in early life had borne an influential part in the movement for the unity of Italy during the years from 1859 to 1865. He held many civic positions, having been city treasurer and for fifteen years collector of taxes. He was active in the Catholic Church. He married Anna Antonelli, born at Forli Del Sannio in 1837. She died there in 1889, mother of the following children: Salvatore, who is a merchant at St. Paul, Brazil, South America; PasquaIle, who lives at Providence, Rhode Island, and is associated with hie brothers in an extensive wholesale and retail cigar industry; Raeffaele, also a cigar manufacturer at Providence ; Peter, in the cigar business at Providence ; Joseph, a cigar manufacturer at Cleveland; Alexander, who is also in the cigar business at Cleveland; Almerinda, wife of Anthony Amicaralli, who is associated with the Melaragno Cigar Factory at Providence; Mary, wife of Frank Costanzo, employed in a shoe factory at Lynn, Massachusetts; Carnela, wife of Antino Celli, who conducts a barber shop at Cleveland. Fernando Melaragno was educated in the schools of his native town and was fourteen years of age when he came to the United States, landing at New York City and coming on to Cleveland, where he found work four years. At the age of eighteen he returned to Italy and for three years was a student in the University at Naples. Coming hack to this country he learned the trade of cigar maker at Philadelphia and was there until 1896, when he went back to Italy to claim his bride. He brought her to the United States and then located at Providence, where he started a cigar making business and laid the foundation of the extensive wholesale, retail and manufacturing industry which he later turned over to his brothers. From there he came to Cleveland and in 1904 joined in the establishment of the Voce Del Popolo Italiano, of which he has since been editor. In matters of politics he is independent. He is affiliated with Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Al Sirat Grotto, Owatonna Lodge of Knights of Pythias, is Vol III-21 the founder of Luce Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, is a member of Campo Pica Lodge of the Woodmen of the World, and belongs to the Sons of Italy and all the various fraternal orders in the Italian Colony at Cleveland. He is also a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Mr. Fernando Melaragno resides at 2179 Boulevard Place in Cleveland, where he owns a good home. He married in Italy in 1897 Miss Ismalia Onorato. They have two children, Ada. a senior in the Central High School, and Hugo, in the junior class in high school. JOHN M. GUNDRY, occupying a position of distinctive precedence in financial and business circles, being widely known as the president of the Lake Shore Banking & Trust Company of Cleveland, was born at Mineral Point, Wisconsin, September 7, 1859. The natal day of his father, Joseph Gundry, a native of England, was May 11, 1822, and in 1845, when a young man of twenty-three years, he crossed the Atlantic to America, settling in the zinc and lead mining section of Southwestern Wisconsin, where he became largely interested in the smelting and manufacturing of the former metal and also conducted business there as a merchant. He retired from active business some thirty years prior to his death, which occurred in 1899. His wife, Mrs. Sarah Gundry, was a daughter of Richard Perry, of England. In the private and public schools of Mineral Point John M. Gundry pursued his early education and afterward entered the preparatory school of the Northwestern University in 1875. The following year he became a student in the university proper and left the college at the end of his junior year. Later, however, he pursued a three years' course in law at the Baldwin University, from which he was graduated with the Bachelor of Law degree in 1903 and was admitted to the bar the same year. The year following his abandonment of his studies at the Northwestern University he spent in Chicago, and in the spring of 1881, crossing the Rocky Mountains on foot, he took up his residence at Silverton, Colorado, a pioneer mining town with no railroad, though later he witnessed the extension of the Denver & Rio Grande (narrow gauge) Ry. to that point. In the fall of 1881 he entered business circles in connection with the San Juan County Bank. He spent one month at that institution, leaving it for the 320 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS East, with the agreement that he should be made a partner the following year. This arrangement was consummated in 1882, at which time he entered upon official relations with the bank as cashier, continuing in that capacity until the bank was sold to what is now the First National Bank. He afterward became temporarily acting cashier in the Union Savings Bank of Lincoln, Nebraska, and subsequently filled a similar position in the Schuyler National Bank of Schuyler County, Nebraska. In 1888 he engaged in a coal prospecting enterprise in the Santa Anna mountains of Southern California, but left there in the early part of 1889, spending the following summer on Puget Sound. The year 1890 witnessed the arrival of Mr. Gundry in Cleveland and, continuing in active connection with financial interests, he became secretary and treasurer of the Mechanics Savings Bank, of which he was one of the organizers. In 1892 he was elected to the presidency, which position he has filled since, and here it may be fitting to note Mr. Gun-dry has the distinction at this time of having held the position of bank president longer than any of his Cleveland contemporaries, continuing as president when the bank was succeeded by the Lake Shore Banking & Savings Company and later the Lake Shore Banking & Trust Company. Since that time he has been largely instrumental in placing this bank among the strongest and soundest financial institutions of the city. It is today one of the leading moneyed concerns of Cleveland established on the same conservative policy which insures it a liberal patronage and argues well for its continued success. On the 5th of September, 1894, Mr. Gun-dry was married to Miss Frances Ruth Gilchrist, of Cleveland, a daughter of Joseph C. and Alice (Devin) Gilchrist. Unto them have been born five children: John Murton, Joseph Perry, Willoughby Devin, Alice Devin and Francis Bentinek, the youngest having been born in Paris, France, in 1905. John Murton, Joseph Perry and Willoughby Devin received several years of their education in France and Germany, the first two leaving Harvard at the end of their junior year to enlist in the army and navy, respectively, John Murton being at present a second lieutenant and being stationed at Nantes, France, as liaison officer with the French staff, and Joseph Perry serving as coxswain on the U. S. S. Harvard off France. Willoughby Devin is a junior at the Massachusetts Insti- tute of Technology. The city residence of the family is at No. 6903 Euclid Avenue and they have an attractive summer home, called Quahaug Farm, at East Orleans on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Mrs. Gundry is active in charity circles and is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution. She likewise belongs to the Lyceum Club of London and Paris. She is a graduate of the Cleveland Art School and is an author of considerable note. Her talents have thus been cultivated in several lines, while in charitable work she manifests a tact that is the outcome of keen and helpful sympathy. Both Mr. and Mrs. Gundry are associated with St. Paul's Episcopal Church, and his political allegiance is given to the republican party. He belongs to two college fraternities, the Phi Kappa Sigma and the Delta Gamma Chi. At present he is serving his second term as president of the University Club. He is well known as a representative of the Union, Country, Twentieth Century and Amateur Musical clubs, and is a veteran of Troop A. He is also a member of the Cleveland Bar Association, the Chamber of Commerce and Cleveland Advertising Club, and his cooperation is a tangible factor in the promotion of many movements instituted by that organization for the welfare and upbuilding of the city. Naturally fond of sports, golf is his present favorite pastime, while the musical side of his nature is catered to by his violin. While his outside interests are many and varied, he never allows any interference with the important business concerns which demand his time and attention and which have placed him prominently before the public in financial circles. The subjective and objective forces of life are in him well balanced, and to make his native talents sub-serve the demands which conditions of society impose at the present time is the purpose of his life. EUGENE R. BAILEY. One of the able, alert, representative business men of Cleveland is found in Eugene R. Bailey, a member of one of the stable and substantial old families of the state. Probably its ancestry might he traced to Ireland, but for several generations back it has been importantly identified with the Buckeye state. Eugene R. Bailey was born at Cincinnati, Ohio, one of eight children, seven of whom are still living. His father, the late Daniel Bailey, who was born at Cincinnati, August 23, 1834, was for CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 321 many years identified with one of the large business corporations of Ohio, the Grasselli Chemical Company. He was its vice president until health compelled him to resign on January 23, 1913. He died August 24, 1915. After being graduated from Woodward College he had both practical and official connection with the Little Miami Railroad, of which he was assistant superintendent until 1863, when he became identified with Eugene Grasselli, a chemical manufacturer, as a bookkeeper. In 1872, when the name of the firm was changed to E. Grasselli & Company, Mr. Bailey became a partner, the headquarters of the business being established at Cleveland. In 1885 he moved with his family to this city. In the meanwhile the present business style, the Grasselli Chemical Company, was adopted and Mr. Bailey became secretary of the company and also a member of its directing board. To the interests of this continually growing enterprise he devoted the greater part of his life, his practical knowledge and good judgment at all times being valued assets. In 1904 he became first vice president of the corporation. He married Miss Lucretia Grasselli at Cincinnati May 25, 1863. Daniel Bailey when a young man was recommended to West Point Military Academy by Daniel Gano-Ray of Cincinnati, but declined the appointment because of objections urged by his father. In the Cincinnati public schools and in Woodward College Eugene R. Bailey pursued his educational studies and in 1885 was graduated from the latter. He came then to Cleveland and immediately entered the employ of the Grasselli Chemical Company as a shipping clerk. This was merely preparatory training for a better position, which he very soon won, being made assistant bookkeeper and subsequently bookkeeper. In the meanwhile the business had expanded and branches had been established at different points, and in 1892 Mr. Bailey was made assistant superintendent of the company's chemical works at Grasselli, New Jersey. He remained there for two years and then returned to Cleveland and, entered the sales department of the company, in which, as in other departments, he proved thoroughly efficient. In 1901 Mr. Bailey was made assistant secretary of the company, and in 1904 was called to the secretary's chair. Mr. Bailey occupies a recognized place in the manufacturing field and a stable position as a progressive man at Cleveland. In politics Mr. Bailey is a republican, but he has never had any ambition in the way of political preferment. lie is helpful as a good citizen along every line that leads to civic betterment and state and national progress, and there are few charitable or benevolent movements that do not profit from his personal generosity. He is interested somewhat in literary matters and is a member of the Western Reserve Historical Society. He is identified with both business and social organizations, in the former being particularly sane and level-headed, and in the latter truly companionable, and thus his membership is valued in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and the Cleveland Athletic, the Union, the Mayfield Country and the Shaker Heights Country clubs. HENRY GOTTDIENER. It is a remarkable tribute to the energy and resourcefulness of this Cleveland business man that when a boy of fourteen he came to the United States, poor and friendless, sold goods as a peddler, and has gone from one thing to another in mercantile and manufacturing lines until he now is a controlling factor in half a dozen large business or financial projects. Mr. Gottdiener was born in Austria, Hungary, January 10, 1862, a son of Isadore Gottdiener. His early education was acquired in the public schools of his native land, but at the age of twelve he left school to work as a clerk in a store. Only with this experience and with his ambition he came to America at the ago of fourteen. His first home in this country was at Zanesville, Ohio, and for five years he peddled goods over that city and the surrounding country. Having by thrift and economy accumulated a small amount of capital, he entered a mercantile business at Rendville, Ohio, built it up and after five years sold out to advantage and moved to Canal Dover, Ohio, where he was again in the mercantile business until 1895. Selling his interests there he returned to Zanesville and was a merchant of that city three years. From Zanesville he went to Galion, Ohio, and established the Globe Clothing House, of which he is still the owner. Mr. Gottdiener has been numbered among Cleveland's business men since July, 1915. Here he established the American Maid Company, manufacturers of ladies' shirt waists. 322 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS He is president and treasurer of the company, with A. L. Guggenheim, vice president, and P. E. Leon, secretary. At the start they employed thirty-five people and at present the payroll enumerates 140 employes. It is a thriving and rapidly growing business. The value of the first year's output was $80,000, while in the past year the aggregate sales have been $350,000. This is only one of Mr. Gottdiener's numerous connections with business affairs. Ile is vice president and director of the Citizens National Bank of Galion, Ohio. He was one of the organizers and was formerly president and is still a director of the Galion Iron Works, is a director and one of the organizers of the Galion Metallic Vault Company, and a director of the Detweiler Manufacturing Company of Galion. Fraternally he is affiliated with the Royal Arch Masons, the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and the Knights of Pythias. At Zanesville, Ohio, on October 30, 1889, after he had established himself as a prosperous merchant, Mr. Gottdiener married Rose Weber. They are the parents of five children. Frances is a graduate of the Pratt School for Girls and is now an active worker in the Cleveland Humane Society. The second daughter, Mrs. Florence Leon, of Cleveland, is a graduate of the Woman's College of Western Reserve University. Isadore, the only son, is a graduate of the Shaw High School of Cleveland and is now a commissioned officer in the Officers' Reserve. The two younger children are Ruth and Gertrude, the former a student in high school at Cleveland. FRANK E. PERCY is well known to modern Cleveland through his various business interests and activities, especially as general manager of the National Advertising Company, with which he has been identified since its inception, and which reflects perhaps more of his forcefulness and ability as a business builder than any other individual contribution to its growth and prosperity. Mr. Percy is known among his associates as a man of great determination and ability to do and get results in everything he undertakes. Doubtless a large share of this persistence is due to the circumstances of his early life. When only nine years old he began to contribute to the support of his widowed mother's family, and he worked through all his subsequent school days and at a time when most young men are merely ready for business he was laying the foundations of the present National Advertising Company, which he has made the largest in its particular line in Cleveland. Mr. Percy was born in Cleveland June 3, 1874. His ancestors were English and came out of Northumberland, England, to Pennsylvania. His grandfather, Earl Percy, spent his last years in Cleveland, where be died, and is buried in the Erie Street Cemetery. Robert Percy, father of Frank E., was born in Pennsylvania in 1836 and came to Ohio when a young man. From Akron, where he married, he removed to Cleveland, and was engaged in merchandising here until his death in 1883. Robert Percy married Lois Amanda Warburton. She was born in 1841 in East Akron, then known as Middlebury, and died at Cleveland April 23, 1914. Of her five children Frank E. is the youngest. Charles, the oldest, was in the carpet cleaning business at the time of his death in Bedford, Ohio. George W. was a coal man and died at Cleveland. Ida died at Akron, wife of George Schmitz, also deceased. Emma is the wife of IL L. Bracken, of Cleveland. Frank E. Percy while attending public school at Cleveland and after his father's death utilized his after-school hours and holidays to sell toilet articles as a means of supporting himself and his widowed mother. At the age of sixteen, having left school, he went to work in the summer seasons laying slate roofs for the firm of Auld & Conger. For four winters he worked with the Dangler Stove Company. In 1895, at the age of twenty-one, Mr. Percy entered his present business, now the National Advertising Company. The first headquarters of that business were in the basement of the home of Leonard Case on the Public Square. Its scope and volume of work have steadily grown, and in 1908 the firm occupied its present quarters in the Caxton Building on the second floor. The National Advertising Company renders a unique service, and under contract with local merchants, manufacturers and publishers of Cleveland and business men of other cities and states prepares and dispatches all classes of mail and advertising matter. The officers of the company are: Clem V. Jacobs, president ; Frank M. Chandler, vice president; N. Lawson Lewis, secretary and treasurer; and Frank E. Percy, general manager. Mr. Percy is an independent voter, is a mem- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 323 ber of the Trinity Cathedral, the Cleveland Advertising Club, the Electrical League, the Cleveland Real Estate Board, and is affiliated with Amazon Lodge No. 567 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. He has in the course of his business career acquired much valuable real estate in Cleveland. In 1915 he built his modern home at 2531 Lee Road. Mr. Percy was married at Toledo to Mrs. May Grace (McNelly) Beckwith. She was born at Toledo. Mr. and Mrs. Percy have three children. James W. Percy is a graduate of the East High School and was a student of Western Reserve University until he enlisted for service in the United States Navy and is now an ensign stationed at the United States naval base, Brest, France. May Frances Lois Percy was born August 19. 1907, and attends the Fairfax School, while Frank E., Jr., was born March 30, 1910. DAVE R. JONES has been chiefly identified with the business life of Cleveland as one of the active men in the great Sherwin-Williams Company, paint manufacturers. and is also executive head of the Geometric Stamping Company. This latter business was established in 1914 as a co-partnership between Mr. Jones and William Hafemeister. A few months later it was incorporated, and Mr. Jones has since been president. He was born at Cleveland, October 20, 1886, a son of Richard D. and Hattie A. (Gill) Jones. His father was born in Wales in 1851 and has lived in Cleveland since 1860. His elder brother is George W. Jones, mentioned elsewhere in this publication. Dave R. Jones began his education in the public schools of Cleveland, but when he was seven years of age his parents removed to Buffalo, New York, and he continued his education in the grammar and high schools of that city, graduating in 1905. The next eight months he spent in California, and was employed in different occupations while in the West. Returning East, he entered the Carnegie Technical Institute at Pittsburgh. Returning to Cleveland, Mr. Jones became secretary to E. M. Williams, sales manager and director of the Sherwin-Williams Company, and in 1914 was promoted to manager of the Marine Sales Department of that organization, a post he has filled to the present time. Mr. Jones is a member of the Cleveland Yacht Club, Dover Bay Country Club, Euclid Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and Al Sirat Grotto of Master Masons, and Coeur De Lion Commandery No. 64, is a republican and a member of the Baptist Church. At Cleveland, April 24, 1912, he married Florence Hafemeister. They have two children, Helen Marie and Marian Elizabeth. JOHN ASA CHURCH might properly be called a pioneer in the modern conservation movement. He was conserving useful material at a time when the habit and practice of America was running largely to waste and extravagance. Mr. Church has built up a large business through saving and remaking good material that was formerly put to little or no better use than kindling wood. He is the founder and upbuilder of the J. A. Church Box Company, which has a large plant at 1747 East Twenty-Seventh Street. Its primary business is the collection, repairing, remaking and rehandling of packing cases. With the rapidly rising cost of lumber and other materials this business is of more importance than ever at present and represents one of the important local industries of Cleveland. Mr. Church is a native of Ohio and was born at Huntsburg, Geauga County, February 5, 1857. His parents were Alvord and Ruth (Knapp) Church. Fifteen or twenty years ago particularly it was true that few merchants made but little account of the packing cases in which goods came to them. Mr. Church saw an opportunity to utilize this product and has perfected a special service to that end. Many packing cases can be used over again with few or no repairs, while others can be worked over, a large part of the lumber salvaged and remade into other eases. The business of the J. A. Church Company is 90 per cent in Cleveland, while about 10 per cent is shipped and sold elsewhere. November 25, 1916, the business was incorporated with Mr. Church as president and treasurer, his son A. B. Church as vice president, and Bennett Meyers as secretary. Mr. Church was the first man in Cleveland to establish this business and has reaped many of the benefits of his pioneer enterprise. It is estimated that his business conserves annually about 6,000,000 feet of lumber, which otherwise would be practically wasted. HENRY O. SCHAEFER. The vital clement in business as in human life is the ability to 324 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS modify and adapt itself to changing circumstances and conditions. Some business organizations arise in response to a temporary need and expend their usefulness, and that is an end of them. Thus frequently does it happen that the. power and experience derived from the past finds an equally effective field of usefulness in the present. A case in point is the Gustav Schaefer Wagon Company of Cleveland. A highly expert and proficient carriage maker in 1880 established this business. His work was, of course, the making of horse-drawn vehicles. The founder of the business is now retired and a few years ago his sons and the husbands of his daughters incorporated the present company, and with all the skill and experience of the different members behind it they are doing a big business as designers and builders of motor truck bodies and trailers. The same character that went into the old wagons made by Gustav Schaefer is now exemplified in the construction of vehicles operating by motive power. The vice president and general manager of the company is Henry G. Schaefer, oldest of the children of Gustav Schaefer. Henry G. was born at Cleveland October 4, 1878. His parents, Gustav Schaefer and Mary Maschmeyer, were married in Cleveland and have lived in the city since about 1868. Gustav Schaefer is still president of the company, though his active work in the business continued only from 1880 to 1913. During those years the factory was carried on under his individual name. Gustav Schaefer was seventy-three years of age in June, 1918. He and his wife have five living children, two sons and three daughters, Henry G. being the oldest. They all live at Cleveland. Ernest, the other son, is secretary of the Gustav Schaefer Wagon Company. Mary is the wife of Arthur Krause, Louise is the wife of Charles Moritz, and Anna is the wife of Fred Ristow. These brothers and brothers-in-law are all harmoniously co-operating in different departments of the wagon company, which is a close and family corporation. Henry G. Schaefer was educated in the parochial schools of the Lutheran Church. spent one year in a business college, and had several courses in the school of experience. He has served his full time in every branch of the wagon making industry and knows that business so thoroughly that if there were a college of wagon making he would, undoubt edly, be eligible to the highest degree conferred by it. The Gustav Schaefer Wagon Company has its factory and headquarters at 4166-4180 Lorain Avenue. Mr. Schaefer is also a director of the Detroit Avenue Banking and Trust Company on Detroit Avenue and West Sixty-Fifth Street. He is president of the Exposition Company, which is a complete and representative organization of Cleveland industries and Cleveland business men, and under the direction of ten civic and business organizations has carefully planned an exposition to be held at Edgewater Park from August 21 to September 2, 1918. Mr. Schaefer is also president of the Lorain Avenue Business Association, being in his second consecutive year in that office. The first White Way lighting system on the West Side was obtained through Mr. Schaefer's efforts after he became president of this association. He is also president for 1918 of the West Side Chamber of Industry and has been a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce since 1896. Mr. Schaefer has frequently been called "the mayor of Lorain Avenue." This popular designation was given him because of his constantly progressive efforts in behalf of improvement for that district of the city, and everything that means the betterment of the West Side generally finds in him a loyal arid effective co-worker. Mr. Schaefer is a native of Cleveland, has spent his life here, and there is no more loyal citizen than he, but his citizenship is by no means altogether provincial and local, and he is first and last an American in spirit and work. He is a member of the Kiwanis Club, a member of the Industrial Association and the Cleveland Automobile Club. March 30, 1899, he married Miss Adeline Krueger, of Cleveland. They have one daughter, born at Cleveland, Hildegarth Schaefer. JOHN E. KREPS, vice president of the Rolling Mills Company of Cleveland, has been a resident of this city since 1899. He is a man of wide experience both in the practical and technical lines of the iron and steel industry, and is a thoroughly qualified civil and mechanical engineer. He came to Cleveland from Pennsylvania, where the family have lived for a number of generations. They settled in Pennsylvania in Colonial times. His grandfather, Jacob CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 325 F. Kreps, was born at Greencastle, Pennsylvania, in 1798, spent his life in that state, was a hatter for a number of years and during the Civil war conducted a foundry. He acquired considerable property and spent his last years retired. He died at West Newton, Pennsylvania, about 1880. He married Eliza Turney, who was born at Greensburg, Pennsylvania, and died at West Newton. John W. Kreps, father of the Cleveland business man, was born at Greencastle, Pennsylvania, in 1837, and died at Washington, D. C., April 22, 1913. When he was about eight years of age his parents moved to West Newton, where he grew up, attended the public schools, and for a time was associated with his father in the foundry business. In 1861 he volunteered as a soldier in the Seventy-seventh Pennsylvania Regiment of Infantry. He was a good and faithful soldier and ready for duty and danger at any time. He served nearly three years. lie fought at Shiloh, and in the battle of Stone River was wounded and being incapacitated for further field duties received an honorable discharge. After the war he engaged in the lumber business at Mill Village, Pennsylvania, but in 1870 moved to Allegheny City, where he owned and operated a dry dock for the repairing of river steamboats. This business was conducted profitably until 1900, when he retired and moved to Washington. He was a republican, an honored member of the Grand Army of the Republic and the Loyal Legion, was identified with the First Presbyterian Church of Pittsburgh and was a Mason. He married Elizabeth Smith, who was born at West Newton, Pennsylvania, in 1838, and is still living at Washington. Her ancestors came from Ireland and settled in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, in 1728. while another branch came from Surrey, England, in 1639. They were the parents of six children : Jacob F., a lieutenant colonel in the United States Army, living at Palo Alto, California; John E.; Corinne, who died in infancy; Maude A., wife of N. W. Dorsey, who is connected with the Smithsonian Institution at Washington, D. C.; M. P. Kreps, who is with the Union Rolling Mill Company at Cleveland ; Mabel Alvira, wife of Burton D. Munhall, a partner with the Brookins Company at Cleveland. John E. Kreps was about six years of age when his father moved to Allegheny City, and there he grew to manhood, attending the public schools. the Western University of Allegheny City, and completed his technical education in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Leaving college in the spring of 1884, Mr. Kreps became associated with his father in handling the dry dock business at Pittsburgh. This was his work for about fourteen years. In 1898 he entered the service of the Dravo-Doyle Company of Pittsburgh, contractors and engineers. The company sent him to Cleveland in 1899, and he continued to represent the firm in this city until May, 1900. At that date he accepted the office of superintendent of the Union Rolling Mill Company, and subsequently became vice president of that industry, which is one of the largest of the steel and iron plants in the Cleveland district. It employs about seven hundred hands. The plant is located on Aetna Road and Eighty-second Street. Prominent in business affairs, Mr. Kreps is also well known in Cleveland social life, and is a member of the Union Club, Athletic Club, Mayfield Country Club, belongs to the Euclid Avenue Presbyterian Church, and in politics is a republican. By virtue of his father's record he is also a member of the Loyal Legion. Mr. Kreps' home is at 2976 Monmouth Road in Cleveland Heights. On October 9, 1892, at Cleveland, he married Miss Mary Elizabeth Fuller, daughter of S. A. and Elizabeth Fuller, now deceased. Her father was formerly president of the Union Rolling Mill Company and was also a partner in the Conduit-Fuller. Company. Mr. and Mrs. Kreps have three children : Dorothy Elizabeth, born August 4, 1894, was educated in the Laurel School at Cleveland and the Lake Erie Seminary and is now the wife of Arthur McArthur, living on Grand View Avenue, Cleveland. Mr. McArthur is manager of sales for the Van Dorn Iron Works. The second daughter, Frances, was born September 10, 1895, and is a graduate of the Laurel School of Cleveland. John E. Kreps, Jr., born May 29, 1907, is a student in a private school. KARL F. SNOW for more than thirty years has been identified with manufacturing interests in the Cleveland district. For a number of years he was active as vice president and general manager of the C. O. Bartleft & Snow Company of Cleveland, building and construction engineers and manufacturers of elevating and conveying machinery and other supplies. He is still a director in that company and has other active business connections with the city. 326 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS He is a member of the well known Snow family of Cuyahoga County, and was born at Brecksville, December 14, 1863, a son of Owen P. and Frances (Fay) Snow. HiS father was born near Bangor, Maine, and his mother in Vermont, but they were married at Brecksville. Both are now deceased. They lived together past their fifty-first wedding anniversary, but on account of the father's failing health it was decided by the family to hold a golden wedding anniversary at Brecksville on their forty-ninth anniversary. Karl F. Snow was educated at Brecksville in the little brick schoolhouse on Snow Road, and for a few months attended high school in his native village. When he began his business career it was at the very bottom, and his abilities and industry have carried him through successive stages of promotion. The first regular work he did was as a greaser and roustabout, at wages of a dollar and a half per day, with the Buckeye Oat Meal Mill in Boston Township of Summit County. He remained there two years, and the experience gave a decided bent to his subsequent activities. Coming to Cleveland. he spent another year in an oatmeal mill. He and Mr. C. 0. Bartlett, now of Brecksville, engaged in business for themselves on Columbus Street. They had very little visible capital, but both being practical men they utilized their experience in establishing a firm for the manufacture of oatmeal machinery. For about six years they continued building and installing oatmeal mills. The last work of that kind performed by Karl F. Snow took him across the ocean to the German Empire. He spent six months in superintending the erection of a mill in the town of Sonderburg on the Isle of Alsen in the Baltic Sea. That was during the winter of 1897. At first the business enterprise of Mr. Snow and Mr. Bartlett was carried on under the individual name of C. 0. Bartlett, later as C. 0. Bartlett & Company, and it was finally incorporated as the C. 0. Bartlett & Snow Company. This firm has kept adding to its facilities and the personnel of its organization until they now have a large industrial output as builders of garbage reduction plants, elevating and conveying machinery and many labor-saving devices used in the coal industry and other industrial lines. The plant is located on French Street between Columbus Road and Mervin Avenue, N. W. Mr. Snow continued as active factor in the C. 0. Bartlett & Snow Company for twenty-five years, and in 1911 sold his interests and resigned his office as vice president and general manager. Later he bought back an interest in the concern, and since 1917 has been a director in the company. He is also a director of the C. Macsek Glue & Reduction Company and is its treasurer, and is now (1918) superintending the erection of a new plant on Jennings Road, S. W. The old plant, established in 1884, was recently burned. Mr. Snow is affiliated with Brooklyn Lodge No. 454, Free and Accepted Masons, and Hillman Chapter No. 166, Royal Arch Masons. He is also a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club. He has a delightful rural home at Brecksville, Ohio. He and his family have lived there for the past two years. On Christmas day, 1885, at Brecksville, he married Miss Katie E. Brooks of Brecksville, where she was born and educated. Their family consists of two daughters: Orpha P. and Mildred F. Orpha married, in 1909, Mr. C. R. Willson, of Fort Wayne, Indiana. Mr. Willson is now purchasing agent for the C. O. Bartlett & Snow Company. JAMES FRANKLIN MCCASHEN, one of the younger business men of Cleveland, has made exceedingly good use of his opportunities and abilities, evidence of which is found in the fact that he is treasurer and sales supervisor of the Aluminum Castings Company, one of the largest industries of its kind in the United States. Mr. McCashen came with this company about five years ago as chief clerk in the Cleveland offices. His capacity for handling a large and complicated routine and his initiative in other lines brought promotion after promotion until he was made treasurer and sales supervisor. The general offices of the company are at 6205 Carnegie Avenue. The business is one of national importance and scope. Besides the two large plants in Cleveland the company also has two plants in Detroit, two in Buffalo, one in Fairfield, Connecticut, and one at Manitowoc, Wisconsin. The company is now building a new plant on Harvard Avenue in Cleveland, which when completed will be the largest and best equipped institution of its kind in the world. The manufactured products consist of aluminum, brass and bronze castings. The aluminum castings are well known through the trade name of Lynite, while the brass and bronze castings are manufactured under the trade CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 327 name of Lynux. No other concern furnishes so large a percentage of automobile castings used in this country. The principal executive officers of the business are: E. E. Allyne, president; W. P. King, vice president; J. F. MeCashen, treasurer and sales supervisor; and J. H. Watson, secretary. Mr. McCashen spent most of his early life in a rural district of Ohio. He comes of a family of Ohio pioneers and most of them have been farmers and land owners. Mr. McCashen was born on a farm in Shelby County, Ohio, in March, 1885. The McCashens are Scotch-Irish and his great-grandparents came from the north of Ireland to the United States, settling in New York State. The grandfather, Jacob McCashen, was born in Paulding County, Ohio, and in early life moved to Shelby County, where he farmed until his death. He married Mary Lyons, who was born in Ohio in 1819 and died in Shelby County in 1905 at the age of eighty-six. Mr. McCashen's father is James McCashen, who was born in Shelby County in 1842 and has spent all his life in that community. He is now living retired at Sidney. He still owns a large farm of four hundred acres, but has been retired since 1908. He is an independent voter and a member of the Baptist Church. James McCashen married Mary Stephenson, who was born in Shelby County, Ohio, in 1843. Her father, Charles Stephenson, was born in Champaign County, Ohio, in 1811 and died in Logan County of this state in 1887. He spent his active career as a farmer in Champaign and Logan counties, and owned a large amount of valuable property. In early days he was a very noted hunter. He reared a family of five sons and four daughters. The Stephensons came originally from England, were pioneers in Champaign County, Ohio, and one branch of the family contained Adlai E. Stevenson, formerly vice president of the United States. James McCashen and wife became the parents of three children : Charles M., who lives on a farm in Shelby County and is also associated with the Geiger-Jones Company, dealers in Ohio securities. Leona resides at Columbus, Ohio, widow of A. F. Pence, a capitalist. James Franklin is the youngest. James Franklin McCashen was educated in the rural schools of Shelby County, attended Oberlin College two years, and on leaving college in 1903 was a teacher in his home county for two years. Later he attended the Ober- lin Business College one term, and in 1907, on removing to Cleveland, was employed as bookkeeper and accountant until he joined the Aluminum Castings Company. He spent six months as bookkeeper for D. T. Owen Company, for four years was employed in general accountancy with Ernst & Ernst, public accountants, and for six months before he came with his present company he was connected with the Studebaker Company. Mr. McCashen is independent in politics and is a member of the Baptist Church and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. In 1907, at Sidney, Ohio, he married Miss Grace Norcross, daughter of M. H. and Mary (Lippincott) Norcross, both now deceased. Her father was a farmer. Mr. and Mrs. McCashen have one daughter, Beulah, born May 31, 1908. RICHARD SNEDDEN is manager of the Cleveland branch of the American Chicle Company of New York City. Cleveland has for a long period of years been one of the important centers in the United States for the manufacture of chewing gum and the materials which enter into that commodity, especially chicle. Thirty years ago Richard Snedden became local manager of a pioneer chewing gum plant, whose proprietor at that time was W. J. White. lie has been with the industry ever since, and a number of years ago the Cleveland industry was consolidated with a number of others in America, all now owned and directed by the American Chicle Company, which has plants and branch houses in nearly all the larger cities of the United States. Mr. Snedden has had an interesting career of self-promotion to success and responsibility in business affairs. He has been a resident of Cleveland more than forty years and was born in Scotland at Fasting, ten miles from Edinburgh, on August 28, 1860. His parents were Charles and Marion (Durham) Snedden. In 1866 Charles Snedden came to America, spent a short time in Hamilton, Ontario, then removed to Pittsburgh, and in 1873 located at Cleveland. His wife and their four children left Scotland in 1867, joining the husband and father in this country. Charles Snedden was a locomotive blacksmith by trade. At Cleveland he did general blacksmithing and followed that business until his death, October 12, 1912, at the age of seventy-six. His wife passed away December 4, 1911, aged sixty-seven. They had a family of six sons and five daughters. The four oldest were born in Scotland, the next three in Pennsylvania, and the 328 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS others in Cleveland and vicinity. The first break in the family circle was the death of the son, Joseph, at the age of nineteen. Nine of the children arc still living and all but two reside at Cleveland. The family record in brief is as follows: Mrs. F. L. Reiley, of Cleveland; Richard; William D., of Columbus, Ohio; Charles A., of Chattanooga, Tennessee; Euphema, of Cleveland; George E., of Cleveland; Agnes, wife of George W. MeGurrer, of Mayfield; Mrs. Will Hutchinson, of. Cleveland; Joseph. deceased; Florence, who married James Gordon and died in Cleveland at the age of thirty-two in 1916; and John T. All the children were reared and educated in Cleveland, attending the public schools here. Richard Snedden largely made his own opportunities to acquire an education, and after a few brief terms in public schools as a small boy he studied with an old school master nights for four years. When he was nine years of age he went to work in the anthracite coal mines of Pennsylvania. He had an experience in the mines for four years. In 1873, when the family came to Cleveland, he found employment for two years in the Cleveland Rolling Mills at Newburg. His special task while there was straightening guide mill rollers. His next experience was as call boy calling the engineers and firemen on the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway. He did that work two years, and for twelve years was in the active train service of the Lake Shore & Michigan Southern. In 1888 Mr. Snedden became manager of the plant with which he is connected today, and which he has directed through thirty years of growth and development. This was the old gum factory of W. J. White and later of W. J. White & Son. In 1899 it was incorporated as a part of the American Chicle Company, but the local management has remained unchanged. The factory is located at 10307 Detroit Avenue. For many years the Cleveland branch has manufactured the familiar brands of White's Yucatan and Beeman's Pepsin Gum, and they also produce the brands known as California Fruit, Black Jack, Adams Pepsin and Spearmint. The oldest brand of chewing gum on the market today is Yucatan, which at least two generations of Americans have used. Mr. Snedden's name was on the rolls of the Fifth Regiment, Ohio National Guards, for twenty years as a contributing member. He is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, being affiliated with Cleveland City Lodge No. 15, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Chapter No. 148, Royal Arch Masons, Holyrood Commandery Knights Templar, Lake Erie Consistory and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He is a member of the West Side Chamber of Industry, the Cleveland Automobile Club, and for years has been one of the well known business men of the city. Mr. Snedden and family reside at Bay Village in Dover Township. There he has developed a home which satisfies almost every taste and interest of a busy man when free from work. He has a farm of forty acres in Dover, and every season cultivates an extensive crop of berries and grapes. His favorite outdoor occupation is fishing and hunting. For a number of years it has been his practice to go for a few weeks annually to Camp Dobsis on Dobsis Lake in Washington County, Maine. The club of which he is a member has a game preserve of about a thousand acres of land, and it is the annual haunt of many prominent business men from different parts of the country who resort there for their annual outings. On November 11, 1884, at Collingwood, Ohio, Mr. Snedden married Miss Jennie E. Mansfield. She was born on Taylor Street in Cleveland, daughter of Orange and Marietta (Howard) Mansfield, both now deceased. Her father came to Cuyahoga County and to Dover Township in 1816, more than a century ago. He was for many years a landscape gardener. Four children were born to Mr. and Mrs. Snedden, two of whom died in infancy. Orange Marion is the wife of Mr. R. F. Mack, of Canton, Ohio, and they have two children, Elizabeth and Richard Lewis. The only son, Elvador Richard, is a member of the class of 1919 at the State University of Ohio and has already enrolled his services in the Medical Reserve Corps of the United States army. LEONARD CASE, SR. The citizens of Cleveland are laid under a perpetual obligation by the extensive benefactions of the Case family. While they enjoy the splendid reeources of the institutions bearing that name, they may also read and study with increasing profit and inspiration the career of the citizen who was like one of the cornerstones of Cleveland's early prosperity and upbuilding. He was a remarkable man not only for the wealth he gained and the influences he set in motion, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 329 but also for his personal character and the tremendous obstacles he overcame during a long and active life. He was born July 29, 1786, in what might be properly called the backwoods of Pennsylvania, in Westmoreland County, near the Monongahela River, three years before Great Britain and the American colonies had concluded peace after the long struggle of the Revolution. But the colonies were still struggling with the problem of an adequate government, and it was nearly three years before Washington was inaugurated as the first President. Meshach Case, his father, had been a soldier in the Revolutionary struggle, and the hardships of his service told upon his health, and he suffered so much from asthma that he was a partial invalid while Leonard was growing up. Leonard was the oldest in a family of eight children. He was of German and Holland ancestry, and lived in a substantial community of Western Pennsylvania, but whatever the desires and aspirations of the people may have been, the times were not yet mature for schools and extended opportunities for training beyond what every child could learn by active contact with the woods and the frontier. An itinerant schoolmaster would open and hold a brief term of school in some of the log schoolhouses of Westmoreland County, and through such instruction Leonard Case learned between his fourth and eleventh years how to read, how to form the letters of the alphabet and the simpler use of figures and arithmetic. lie was endowed with vigorous and sound constitution. At the age of seven he was cutting wood for the fires, at ten was threshing grain, and at twelve made a hand in the harvest field. To understand his life it is necessary to refer more or less constantly to the customs and the environment in which he lived. That part of Pennsylvania in which he spent his boyhood was close to the scene of the famous whisky rebellion. The use of strong drink was unchecked save by individual prohibition, and even the ministers of the Gospel indulged freely in alcoholic beverages. Everyone drank in those days, and whisky was liberally dispensed at harvest times and all other occasions of hard work or social commingling. Mr. Case says in his autobiography : "To aid in making the ends of the year come together, my father set up a distillery on a small scale about the year 1792. It frequently fell to my part to stir the bur in the still white heating, to prevent the mash from burring on the aide and bottom of the still. It was customary in those days for all men to drink whiskey. Occasionally neighbors would meet at the still house and after having drank rather freely—good men and good friends with each other—would frequently say hard things to and of each other. As I sat perched upon the furnace stirring the still and looking on, I made up my mind that drinking whiskey was a bad business and that I would not drink it, and from thence (about six years old) until the present writing [1853] I do not think I have drank a gill * * * *.” In 1799 his father and mother, leaving Westmoreland County on horseback, traveled over that portion of Ohio known as the Connecticut Western Reserve. They bought 200 acres of land in the Township of Warren, in Trumbull County. The following spring, April 26, 1800, the family, after a journey from Westmoreland County, arrived at their new location, being accompanied by several of their Pennsylvania neighbors. On the Fourth of July they celebrated the Independence anniversary, and there were not fifty people besides them in the entire domain of the Connecticut Land Company. Leonard Case was not fourteen years of age when he was transferred to the extreme limits of civilization in Northern Ohio. From April, 1800, until October, 1801, he lived and enjoyed the life of the typical frontiersman. He was the main dependence of the family, did the heaviest work, planted and cultivated and harvested the crops, killed the wild game, such as deer and bear, and acted as herdsman for the family cattle. In the fall of 1801 he was pursuing his herd of cattle, which had strayed to a considerable distance from home pastures, and while overheated from the chase he crossed the Mahoning River by plunging into its cold waters and swimming to the other side. This exposure brought on fever. the fever was complicated by ulceration, and the illness made him a cripple all the rest of his life. There was never a day from that time until he died that he was entirely free from pain, and the achievements of his subsequent years must be read with constant reference to this semi-invalidism. His sickness was prolonged, and two years passed before he was able to sit up in bed. Weakened in body, he was undaunted in spirit. lie resolved that he should not be dependent upon charity or upon the labors of 330 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS others, and while slowly convalescing he applied himself to the mastery of reading and writing, invented and made instruments for drafting, and in order to secure books and clothes he used his skillful hands in putting bottoms on chairs and making riddles and sieves for the threshing and cleaning of grain. In these products of his hands he discovered a way to make himself useful in the community, but his opportunities were not long confined to such a narrow field. His excellent handwriting had attracted the attention of the clerk of the court at Warren, and in 1806 he was appointed clerk of the Supreme Court of Trumbull County. lie began a diligent study of the laws and the land titles of Ohio, and he was especially concerned with the studying and copying of records of the Connecticut Land Company in the recorder's office. This opened to him a branch of knowledge in which he subsequently became an unsurpassed expert. In 1807 Gen. Simon Perkins, land agent for the Connecticut Land Company, made him his confidential clerk. About that time Col. John S. Edwards, recorder of Trumbull County, which then included all the Western Reserve, advised the boy to study law and furnished him the books necessary to carry out the plan. During that period of his life Mr. Case made an abstract of the drafts of the Connecticut Land Company, showing from the records of the company all the original proprietors of the Reserve and the lands purchased by them. This abstract was so correct that it became the standard and source of all searchers for land titles, and it is still copied and used by all the abstractors and examiners of titles in the counties of the original Reserve. In a short time Mr. Case was given the duty of collecting the non-resident taxes in the Western Reserve. This work and his increasing service as an expert on land titles occupied' him throughout the period of the War of 1812, during which time he continued his residence at Warren. His active connection with the City of Cleveland came in 1816, when he was appointed cashier of the Commercial Bank of Lake Erie, the first bank of Cleveland, recently reorganized. He removed to Cleveland, and besides performing his duties as cashier he practiced law and became a land agent. The original bank of Cleveland fared as did nearly all other financial institutions of the time and was compelled to suspend opera tions, but later was revived with Mr. Case as president. The first half of the last century was not a period in which specialization in business or in the professions was encouraged or reached an important degree of development. Mr. Case's example was as a noteworthy contrast to this rule, and his success was due to the acquisition of an experience and a range of knowledge covering every detail of the complications of land titles. He had a natural taste for the investigation of land titles and was enthusiastic in pursuing his researches into the history of such transactions. From 1827 to 1855 he had the agency for the Connecticut Land Company, and while this and his other business proved highly profitable, it also gratified his tastes for research. The early Village of Cleveland. as well as the modern city, owed much to Mr. Case's active and vitalizing public spirit. He was one who looked ahead into the future, and brought influence to bear upon the improvement of the streets, the extension of the schools and the building up of strong religious influences. He is credited with a civic plan which was put in operation a great many years ago and the results of which were seen in the planting of numerous shade trees along the streets, and that addition to the city's beauty more than anything else won for Cleveland the name "Forest City." From 1821 until 1825 he served as president of the Village of Cleveland. When Cuyahoga County was created he served as its first auditor. From 1824 to 1827 he sat in the State Legislature from Cuyahoga County. In the Legislature he used his services effectively to carry out the plan of internal improvement in which another great Cleveland man and a contemporary of Mr. Case was so prominent. He persistently labored in behalf of the Ohio canals, and he also originated and drafted the first bill in Ohio providing for the raising of taxes on lands according to their value. Up to that time taxes had been assessed without discrimination, so much per acre, and he changed the method from a quantitative to an ad valorem basis. It was Leonard Case's name that appeared at the head of the subscription list for the stock of the Cleveland, Columbus & Cincinnati Railway Company. Opposite his name was the amount $5,000. He helped organize this first railway project for Cleveland. Among his personal characteristics it is CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 331 recalled that a business rule from which he never deviated was to contract no debt beyond his ability to pay within two years without depending upon a sale of property. He had unlimited opportunities for buying lands in the early days, and while be bought on a large scale, he was not moved by that narrow speculative spirit which holds back progress rather than promotes it. He never refused to sell lands nor put any obstacle in the way of settlement or improvement, and it was not his policy to keep large tracts out of the market until they benefited by the increase of value due to the work of others and the natural increase of population. Mr. Case accumulated many acres that have since proved to be valuable portions of Cleveland, and in the course of time he was owner of a large estate which in his later lifetime became exceedingly remunerative. Leonard Case, Sr., was married September 28, 1817, at Stow, in Portage County, Ohio, to Miss Elizabeth Gaylord, of Middletown, Connecticut. From 1819 to 1826 the family lived at the corner of Bank and Superior streets in a frame house. That house also accommodated the Commercial Bank, of which Mr. Case was president. In 1826 he moved to the beautiful homestead on the east side of the Public Square. His dwelling faced to the west, while his business offices fronted the square, nearer Rockwell Street. Leonard Case was a unique figure in the business and civic life of Cleveland during its first half century. Physically he was feeble, and with the frailty of constitution which results from almost constant illness and an early stunting of growth. But otherwise he was a tower of strength, broad, square and lofty in wisdom, character and financial stability. He was in truth the source of all wisdom on all Ohio land laws, and had done perhaps more than any individual to mold those laws. Along with the ability and judgment that resided in his intellect he had all the beauties of character and the heart. It is said that hardly a person in Cleveland in those early days did not feel at liberty to approach and shake his friendly hand as he sat. in his carriage in the streets or in his armchair in the office. Leonard Case, Sr., died at Cleveland December 7, 1864, having lived to he more than seventy-eight years of age. His wife died August 30, 1857. His first son, William. was born at Cleveland, August 10, 1818, and died in 1862. He was survived only by his son Leonard Case, Jr., who was born June 27, 1820, at Cleveland, and died January 6, 1880. DUDLEY S. HUMPHREY, president of the Humphrey Company, is the inheritor of the traditions and enviable qualities of a long line of American and English ancestors and has himself played a notable role in the advancement of Cleveland's business, recreation and civic interests. From the records of the family that have been preserved it is possible to trace the ancestry back to remote Norsemen and also to some of the followers of William the Conqueror. From the time of the American emigration the line is traced without a break down to the Cleveland family. The founder of the name in America was Michael Humphrey, who came from Lyne Regis, England, about 1640. His first place of settlement was at Dorchester, Massachusetts, and later he joined a colony at Windsor, Connecticut. He was a man of more than ordinary business ability, and was associated with various enterprises, including the manufacture of tar and turpentine. Michael Humphrey married Priscilla Grant, whose lineage is the same as that of General Grant. From them the descent is traced through the following heads of families: Lieut. Samuel Humphrey, who was born at Windsor, Connecticut, October 24, 1653; Ensign Samuel Humphrey, who was born at Simsbury, Connecticut, May 17, 1686; David Humphrey, who was born at Simsbury June 5, 1726; and Dudley Humphrey, who was the founder of the Ohio branch of the family. Dudley Humphrey was born at Goshen, Connecticut, October 20, 1770. In 1795 he married Polly M. Sherman, which family traces its lineage to William Tecumseh Sherman. Dudley and Polly Sherman Humphrey had ten children, all but one of whom lived to good age and were of strong character. It is recorded that he took the freeman's oath in Connecticut in 1798. A farmer by occupation, he brought his family to Ohio in 1837, and settled in Parma, Cuyahoga County. His son, Dudley Sherman Humphrey, father of Dudley S. of Cleveland, was born at Goshen, Connecticut, November 21, 1814. He grew up in his native state, was well educated, and in 1835 located with his parents in Parma Township of Cuyahoga County. There he became associated with his brother William in the lumber and clock business. Later they removed to Townsend, in Huron 332 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS County, where, buying large tracts of timber land, they operated sawmills on an extensive scale. As partners they built and operated more than forty sawmills in various western states. The wife of Dudley S. Humphrey, Sr., was Mabel T. Fay. They were married March 10, 1847. She was born January 26, 1820, and was the second white child born in Parma Township of Cuyahoga County. Her parents were Benajah and Ruth Fay. Dudley S. Humphrey, Sr., and wife had five children : Mina Sherman, Harlow, Dudley S., David H. and Mary Melinda. Dudley Sherman Humphrey, Jr., was born at Townsend, in Huron County, Ohio, May 19, 1852. He has for many years been associated in business with his brothers, David H. and Harlow, who were also born at Townsend. They were educated in the district schools, and had the splendid training of active contact with their father's enterprise, both on the farm and in the lumber business. After the death of their father in 1876 the brothers took the management of the property. It consisted of a big farm and a big encumbrance (through accommodating friends). The Humphrey boys were all valiant workers, enterprising, resourceful and patient, but had set themselves against the tide of circumstance which they were unable to overcome. Hence when the Humphrey family arrived in Cleveland in 1891 they could impress themselves upon the community only in the humblest role of workers. But to their industry there was no limit. In 1893, a year which is associated with the great financial panic, the family formed the Humphrey Company, which consisted of the brothers, Mrs. D. S. Humphrey, and Linnie, sister of D. S., and Harvey and Mabel, children of I). S. They founded on a small scale and without capital what has since become the largest concern of its kind in the United States. They appreciated the value of a small business managed on a large and collective scale. Popcorn venders would not buy or use a corn popper the Humphreys invented, so they began using it themselves in push carts on the streets of Cleveland. Later, after securing permanent quarters, they added the making of pull candy. These have since been the central features in the business of the Humphrey Company, and without question they are today the largest ,retail manufacturers of popcorn and pull candy in the world. Not only that, but they originated and in vented all the implements and methods and arrangements used in the business. While that might be considered the heart of the business, their operations have covered a much wider field. In 1901 they secured possession of Euclid Beach Park. This park had been in operation about five years, but with indifferent success, ending in practical bankruptcy. The company showed the courage of their convictions by eliminating all intoxicants, freaks, fakes, chance games and questionable shows (which had been the former policy), believing that the people would appreciate and patronize a resort where cleanliness in everything was the watchword. The soundness of this theory has been proved beyond question, and the success of Euclid Beach Park is the more notable because its insistent motto and rule has been: "No beer, no freaks, no fakes." The park today has the reputation of being the most moral, temperate, orderly, safe and beautiful and also the best patronized and best paying family resort in America. It has every wholesome amusement, an unexcelled bathing beach, also a great camping and cottage scheme which causes many families to make Euclid Beach their home throughout the summer. In 1907 the Humphrey Company built and opened the Elysium at University Circle, one of the largest and finest artificial ice rinks in the country. This has also been conducted according to the high Humphrey standards, and has fulfilled every expectation both financially and otherwise. It takes a creative artist and inventor as well as a practical man to insure the success of such enterprises as have been promoted and carried on by the Humphrey Company. The inventive geniuses of the company are Mr. D. S. Humphrey and David Humphrey. They contrived many of the implements and facilities that started the firm on its road to prosperity, and some of their inventions have a much wider application of usefulness to the world at large. D. S. is the inventor of a method of pouring a concrete house or cottage of solid concrete and with a fiat roof. This method of concrete construction, applicable also to other forms than houses, is made possible by the Humphrey conveyor, of which Mr. Humphrey is the inventor. The big concrete pier at Euclid Beach Park was poured with a Humphrey conveyor, and the possibilities of this invention in the construction of houses can be seen in the handsome Humphrey Company office on the park grounds, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 333 and also the numerous concrete cottages in the park. The ability which he has shown in the development and management of a large business has made Mr. Dudley Humphrey much sought after in public and semi-public affairs. He has been a trustee of the Girls and Boys Free Employment Bureau at Cleveland since its establishment. The success of this bureau has really been the incentive for the much wider application of this plan now manifested in United States Government control of it. Mr. Humphrey is president of the Ohio Good Roads Federation, president of the convention board of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, member of the recreation committee of the Cleveland Foundation, and a member of the good roads committee of the Cleveland Automobile Club. The phrase "good roads" is never spoken of without arousing in Mr. Humphrey the keenest attention and interest. It has been a subject of almost lifelong study and observation on his part. He has studied road construction from every angle and is without doubt a peer of any authorities on that subject in the country today. Long experience and study give him peculiar qualifications for the responsibilities of an office which he now holds as member of the Ohio State Highway Advisory Board, which at this writing, 1918, is taking a large part of his time. He is absolutely independent in politics, rejoices in being a patriotic American, and belongs to the Christian Science Church. At Wakeman, Ohio, he married Miss Effie D. Shannon, daughter of Haryey J. and Wealthy L. Shannon of Buffalo, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Humphrey have three children : Mrs. Mabel Elizabeth Killaly of Cleveland; Harvey John, assistant treasurer of the Humphrey Company; and H. Louise, a student in Smith College. The son Harvey married, August 8, 1906, Catherine Fuldauer, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Marcus Fuldauer of Cleveland. To the women of the family Mr. Humphrey attributes a very large share of the success of the enterprises. Mrs. D. S. has been active secretary and treasurer of the company ever since it was formed. The sister Linnie, who was very active in the early work, is now retired and lives in California. EDWARD D. WHIPPLE, who has been connected with various machinery industries in the Cleveland district for the past twenty years, is a partner in The A. C. Kruse Company, manufacturers of automobile parts, tools and machine parts, with offices and plant at 3204 West Ninety-eighth Street. This is one of the well established and growing businesses of the kind. Edward D. Whipple was born at South Shaftsbury, Vermont, January 8, 1864. He comes of very old American ancestry. His remote ancestor Captain John Whipple, who came over about 1630, was an aotive associate of Roger Williams in the founding of Rhode Island and Providence Plantation, and their descendants intermarried, so that Edward D. Whipple can properly claim the noted Roger Williams as one of his ancestors. Edward D. Whipple's wife is also a direct descendant of John Alden of the Mayflower. Stephen Whipple, grandfather of Edward D. Whipple, went from Massachusetts to South Shaftsbury, Vermont, and conducted a blacksmith shop there for many years. He lived to the venerable age of ninety-seven. Stephen A. Whipple, father of Edward D., was born at Shaftsbury. Vermont, in 1817, and died there in 1884. He was a blacksmith by trade, and when quite young began manufacturing carpenter's squares. It is a historical fact that has never been seriously disputed that Shaftsbury. Vermont, was the first place in the United States where carpenter's squares were manufactured for commercial use. Stephen Whipple formed a partnership with a Norman Douglas under the firm name of Whipple & Douglas, and for a number of years they turned out some of the finest carpenter's squares on the market. Later the business was consolidated with the Eagle Square Manufacturing Company, and this firm is in successful and flourishing operation today at Shaftsbury. Stephen Whipple finally retired from this business and gave the energies of his later years chiefly to the operation of a grist mill. That grist mill is still operated by his son William H. The father was an old line republican, a very consistent Christian and strong supporter of the Baptist Church. During his young manhood he served as member of the Vermont militia. The maiden name of his wife was Eliza Hicks, who was born in Bennington, Vermont, in 1824 and died at Shaftsbury in 1908. They married at Bennington. In their family were eight children, Edward D. being the seventh in age. Lemira, the oldest, now deceased, married Llewellyn W. Cole, a retired master 334 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS mechanic of the Eagle Square Manufacturing Company, residing at Shaftsbury, Vermont, and in his day one of the most expert men in his business. George, who died young. Addie, who died at Shaftsbury, wife of Leverit N. Harrington, a farmer at Shaftsbury, Vermont. Jessie, who died at the age of twenty-one years; William H., who as already noted has his father's old grist mill at South Shaftsbury ; and Anna, wife of George B. Dunlap, who at one time conducted a large grocery store at Ypsilanti, Michigan, now living retired in Los Angeles, California; and Agnes R., who is secretary of the Enos Adams Company of Bennington, Vermont. Edward D. Whipple had a practical and substantial education according to New England standards. He attended public and hoarding schools at Shaftsbury, Vermont, and the Vermont Academy at Saxton's River, Vermont. At the age of nineteen he left school and began an apprenticeship at the machinist's trade. He served his time with the Eagle Square Manufacturing Company. He was an employe of the Brown & Sharp Manufacturing Company at Providence, Rhode Island, until 1888, when returning to Vermont he followed draughting one year and then engaged in business for himself at North Bennington, operating a general machine shop until 1891. He then removed his shop to Harriman, Tennessee, and in the spring of 1896 sold out and came to Cleveland to identify himself with the various mechanical industries of this community. For the first two years he was with the Warner & Swasey Company, later served as foreman with the Atlas Car Manufacturing Company, was draughtsman for the Bankers Adding Machine Company, now the Cleveland National Machine Company, and then leaving the city he went to Painesville, Ohio, and for four years was master mechanic for the Coe Manufacturing Company. Returning to Cleveland in 1906 he resumed employment as general machine man with the Warner & Swasey Company and also as instructor of apprentices in the company's school of apprentices. In 1908 he became a tool maker for the Standard Tool Company and for two years had charge of their tap and dye department. The next year he spent in the experimental department of the Peerless Motor Car Company, and in 1911 was absent from this city altogether, living in Florida. Returning to Cleveland in the fall of 1912 he continued to follow his trade with some of the larger firms of the city until October, 1915, when he formed a partnership with Mr. A. C. Kruse in the A. C. Kruse Company, a business that now absorbs most of his time and energies. Mr. Whipple is an independent republican, an ardent prohibitionist, and from early manhood has usually held some official position in the Congregational churches where he has lived. He is active in the First Congregational Church of Cleveland, vice president of the Men's Club, treasurer of the Men's Bible Class, and belongs to the Western Reserve Congregational Club. His home is at 2085 West One Hundred First Street. At North Bennington, Vermont, in 1886 Mr..Whipple married Miss Nettie E. Worthington, daughter of William R. and Charity (Alden) Worthington, both of whom are now deceased. Her father was a cotton mill superintendent for many years and also conducted a store at North Bennington. Mr. and Mrs. Whipple have two daughters: Jessie Elizabeth and Gladys W. The former is the wife of H. H. Wilcoxen, an attorney living on Northfield Avenue in East Cleveland. Gladys is the wife of Walter C. Dolf, inspector for the Government at the Curtis Aeroplane Works and living at Buffalo, New York, JOSEPH C. MCCLURE. However carefully we must speak upon the score of youth, indications seem to point to the fact that in a great degree this is the day of the young man, and there are enough statistics to show that never before have there been so many young men occupying positions of marked importance and responsibility. Among the younger generation of business men who have attained distinction, preference and reputation at Cleveland, one who has become well known during the last several years is Joseph C. McClure, secretary and manager of the Big Four Oil Company, of which he was also one of the organizers. He is a native son of Cleveland and was born April 9, 1885, his parents being Samuel B. and Emma (Cart-right) McClure. Samuel B. McClure came of an old and honorable American family, of Scotch-English descent, and was born in Ohio, where he passed his entire life. During a long period he was connected with the old Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company and was a man of industry and integrity, winning the respect of those with whom he was employed and the esteem of his associates. Toward the latter part of his life he retired, and his death occurred at CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 335 Cleveland in 1890. Mrs. McClure, who bore the maiden name of Emma Cartright, was also a native of Ohio, and is at the present time a resident of Cleveland. She comes of an old and highly respected American family of English descent, and is a daughter of J. J. Cartright, of the Bell-Cartright Lumber Company. Joseph C. McClure attended the graded schools of Cleveland, the Central High School of this city and the Case School of Applied Science, and commenced his business career in the employ of the Standard Oil Company, with which he remained for one year. For six or seven years thereafter he was with the National Refining Company, and with this experience to act as a guide, in 1914 became one of the organizers of the Big Four Oil Company, of which he was made secretary and manager, Charles P. Salen being president and treasurer. This business is incorporated under the laws of the State of Ohio and the company makes a specialty of lubricants for export, marketing from the Pennsylvania refineries. The field of distribution is not confined to any one territory; in fact, the product of the concern is marketed all over the world, meeting with a ready sale. The term lubricating engineers might be applied not improperly to the members of the company, as they have demonstrated that the lubricants which they handle perform their work more efficiently than others now in use. Mr. McClure is one of the energetic and hardworking men of Cleveland, an exemplification of the energy and enterprise which have driven the city to big accomplishments. He is well informed in matters pertaining to other businesses in addition to that in which he specializes, and takes an active part in various avenues of life. He belongs to the City Club, is popular socially, and belongs to St. Paul's Church. While inclined to be independent, he generally supports the republican party in matters of public polity. Mr. McClure was married at Detroit, Michigan, to Miss Jane F. Fraser, a native of that city, and a daughter of W. A. Fraser, president of the Detroit Brass Company. To this union there have been born two children, Virginia and Jacqueline. PROCOP V. KALINA is member of one of the oldest Bohemian families of Cleveland, represents a name prominent and distinguished in business affairs, and is himself active in the management and secretary of the Cech Vol III--22 Savings & Loan Association, of which be was one of the founders. This association was established June 1, 1907, and the home and headquarters are. at 3132 West Forty-first Street. The present officers are : Peter P. Hasek, president; J. V. Becka, vice president; P. V. Kalina, secretary ; John P. Kalina, attorney; while the directors and advisory board comprise many of the best known names and most influential Bohemian citizens of Cleveland. Business has been conducted by men of integrity. and on a basis of conservative financial principles, and has enjoyed a steady and most substantial growth. On July 1, 1908, at the end of the first year, the assets of the company were a little more than $20,000. A little more than five years later the assets had increased beyond $200,000, and in the last five years the resources have again doubled, reaching $500,000 in 1917. The father of Procop V. Kalina was the late Frank Kalina, who was born in Bohemia in 1836. He was reared and married in the old country and learned the trade of painter, decorator and finisher. In 1859, at the age of twenty-three, he came to the United States, locating in Cleveland, where, as already noted, he was one of the first Bohemians to make permanent settlement. He had served three years in the regular army of Bohemia. As an American citizen he voted independently in politics and was an active member of St. Procop Catholic Church. His wife. Barbara, was born in Bohemia in 1842, and died in Cleveland in February, 1916, while he passed away in this city in December, 1913. They left a family of children to do them honor: Joseph, who is now an invalid and is at St. John's Hospital in Cleveland ; Mary, wife of John Stdronsky, night watchman for Lattin, Bloomfield Company and residing at 2222 West Fifty-third Street, Cleveland ; Procop V.; Julia, wife of Frank Stdronsky, living at 3048 West Forty-fourth Street, and connected with the Cleveland Illuminating Company ; Frank, a farmer at Painesville, Ohio: and Barbara, wife of Frank Toman, living at 3065 West Forty-fourth Street, and with the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Company. Mr. Procop V. Kalina was born in Cleveland. July 24, 1872, was educated in the parochial schools, but at the age of thirteen left his books and studies to begin the practical work of life. From fifteen on he learned the trade of cigarmaker and followed that as an occupation until 1890, when he took his CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 336 first employment in a public capacity in the waterworks department of Cleveland. He was for two years with the waterworks under Mayor John Farley's administration and six years while Cleveland was governed by Mayor Tom Johnson. In 1898 Mr. Kalina became deputy sheriff of Cuyahoga County and filled that office for two years. Then, after some other changes and experiences, he became one of the founders and accepted the post of secretary of the Cech Savings & Loan Association. Mr. Kalina is an active democrat and has been a factor in the good government of Cleveland. He was a member of the City Council while Newton Baker was mayor. He is a member of St. Procop Catholic Church and has many social and civic affiliations, including the following memberships: Cleveland Council, No. 733, Knights of Columbus; Cleveland Aerie, Fraternal Order of Eagles; Tuxedo Club; West Side Chamber of Industry; the Sycamore Club; St. George's Military Society; St. Martin's Beneficiary Society; the Cadets of St. Stanislaus; Cigar Maker's Union ; Clark Avenue Business Men's Association; and the Catholic Mutual Benefit Association. Mr. Kalina owns his residence and offices at 3132 West Forty-third Street. He has been twice married. July 20, 1891, at St. Procop's Church in Cleveland, he married Miss Antonia Fredel. She died September 24, 1905, and all his children are by her. John, the oldest, living at 4005 Hyde Avenue, is a graduate of the Cleveland Law School with the degree of LL. B. and is now a successful attorney. Mary married James Conrad, who has a meat market, and they reside at 3255 West Thirty-eighth Street. Cecilia is a graduate of the High School of Commerce and is bookkeeper for her father, while the youngest daughter, Lillian, is at home. On November 26, 1907, also in St. Procop's Parish, Mr. Kalina married Miss Mary Texler, daughter of James and Marie Texler. Her father, deceased, was formerly a merchant of Cleveland, and her mother is still living in this city. ALFRED C. KRUSE, founder and one of the partners of A. C. Kruse Company, manufacturers of automobile parts and general tools, is a native of Cleveland, and was born in this city September 1, 1878. His father B. J. Kruse was born in Germany in 1847, was reared and married and learned the carpenter's trade in the old country and on coming to the United States lived in Chicago for two years, but some years after the Civil war located in Cleveland. He lived here until his death in 1879. He married Magdalene Mader, who was born in Germany in 1849 and is still living at Cleveland. The family have always been members of the Lutheran Church. B. J. Kruse and wife had four children : Robert J., a draftsman and tool maker living on East Ninety-third Street ; John, who died young; Lena, who died at the age of seventeen; and Alfred C. Alfred C. Kruse was educated in the German Lutheran schools at Cleveland, and his education was practically ended by the time he reached the age of fourteen. About a year later he went to work in machine shops, learning the machinist's trade, and was a journeyman worker with some of the larger industries of the city until in 1911 he established the A. C. Kruse & Company. In 1915 the business was enlarged by forming a partnership with E. D. Whipple and O. A. Keiffer. It is now one of the growing industries of the city. Mr. Kruse is a republican and a member of the Lutheran Church. His home is at 3186 West Ninety-eighth Street. In May, 1911, at Cleveland he married Miss Hattie Marquardt, daughter of Fred and Lena (Hiss) Marquardt. Mrs. Kruse is a sister of the famous "Rube" Marquardt, one of the greatest pitchers developed in baseball within the last decade, formerly with the New York Nationals and now with the Brooklyn Nationals. JOHN C. PRINGLE. Of the veteran mariners of the Great Lakes, probably none has had a wider experience both on fresh and salt water seas than the venerable John C. Pringle, now living retired at Cleveland. The name Prin. gle is prominently identified with transportation interests on Lake Erie, and all three of his sons have followed careers similar to their father, Robert C. being active head of the Pringle Barge Line Company of Cleveland. A native of Scotland, John C. Pringle was born December 25, 1839, and his zest for adventure led him away from home at the age of eight, with a very limited education in the public schools. He found a berth on a whaling ship and was with it on its voyage for three years. Later, as a full-fledged seaman, he landed at New York City, but soon went as first officer on a sailing vessel to Australia, this voyage also taking three years. Soon after his return he engaged as a seaman on one of the Great Lakes boats and went to CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 335 Wallaceburg, Ontario, with a cargo of lumber. During the following winter he worked there on the construction of a fur trade ship tinder Captain Dalson. In the spring he sailed on that vessel up Lake Huron and through Georgian Bay districts, and by fall returned with a full cargo of furs. One winter he spent at Sarnia, Ontario, working as an apprentice shoemaker. After walking sixty miles to Detroit, he joined his brother Thomas and together they portaged the vessel Susan Ward to Lake Superior. Six months later he returned to Detroit and found a commission as first officer on the Eagle Wing for J. P. Ralph & Company. This vessel was wrecked at Ontonagon, Michigan, and after landing Mr. Pringle took stage to Bay City and walked the rest of the way back to Detroit. The following season he acted as captain of the schooner Yankee of Marine City, Michigan; then returned to Detroit and became captain of the Eagle Wing with J. P. Ralph & Company and also acted as general superintendent of construction. While in that post he supervised the construction and launching of several boats. After about thirteen years of such experience Mr. Pringle came to Cleveland and engaged with Rust, King & Company, lumbermen, for twelve years. During the navigation season he was captain of some of the lumber boats, and the rest of the year was superintendent of construction and affairs. During that time he launched the tug William H. Pringle, the steamers H. D. Coffinberry, B. R. Newcomb, L. C. Butts, D. K. King, D. E. Leuty and the barges Bottsford and G. K. Jackson. After that he built for himself the Simon Langell, which he operated one season in the lumber trade, then sold and bought the steamer Ogemau and the barges Samuel J. Tilden and A. C. Maxwell. These were operated under his management two seasons, when he sold out and promoted and built the steamer P. J. Ralph, which he also operated a season before he sold it. For a time Mr. Pringle was captain of a yacht owned by Gail Borden, the condensed milk manufacturer. Several years later he returned but was unable to content himself with a life of leisure and bought a half interest in the barges Lutie and Bottsford, along with his son Robert C. In 1913 he sold out, and now in his eightieth year he is enjoying a well deserved rest. John C. Pringle is a member of the 'Shipmasters' Association, is a thirty-second degree Scottish Rite Mason, and has filled all the chairs in Masonry up to the commandery. Politically he is a republican. At Marine City, Michigan, he married Annie Miller. They had four children : John, who is now a lieutenant in the United States navy in Pacific waters; William, twin brother of John, captain for the Great Lakes Towing Company; Robert C.; and Mrs. J. P. Higbee, of New York City. FRANK B. HILLER. One of the prominent business men of Cleveland is Frank B. Hiller, president of the Cleveland Metal Roofing & Ceiling Company, sheet metal contractors, one who has built up his fortunes through his own industrious efforts and today stands at the head of one of the largest enterprises of its kind in this part of the state. Mr. Hiller has practically been self-sustaining since he was ten years old, for three decades ago he was one of the city's "newsies." He had ambition, however, and pushed himself forward through one kind of employment to another until he found the right place, and since then, with resolution and enterprise, has become a man of large affairs in his native city. Frank B. Hiller was born at Cleveland, Ohio, December 29, 1872. His parents were William F. and Christina (Geiger) Hiller. William F. Hiller was born in Germany and came from there to the United States in the '60s and from then until his death in 1876 was engaged at Cleveland as a locomotive engineer. He was married in this city and became the father of five children. Frank B. Hiller was a child of four years when his father died, and the care of five children was a tax on his mother's resources. She managed to keep him in school until he was ten years old and then he had to become self-supporting. He secured a position with the House & Davidson Box Company and remained there as general utility boy for one year and then found a place with the H. P. Hunt Stamping Company, and during the three years he remained with that concern he obtained a fair conception of the business, and by close observation and application and study he learned the sheet metal trade. His next position was as a sheet metal worker with the Schneider & Trenkamp Stove Company, and he remained for the following seven years and then accepted the position of foreman of the sheet metal department of the Garry Iron & Steel Company. Mr. Hiller 338 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS remained in that responsible position for twelve years, retiring from the same in order to go into business for himself as a sheet metal contractor. In 1908 Mr. Hiller decided that the business which he had started with two employes had shown such encouraging progress that he would be justified in forming a company, and therefore he incorporated as the Cleveland Metal Roofing & Ceiling Company. The business covers all kinds of sheet metal work and includes the constructing and installing of hollow steel doors and windows. The company now employs on an average about twenty-five skilled workmen and the plant has been many times enlarged from the original plant. Mr. Hiller was married July 12, 1900, to Miss Emma E. Gross, and they have five children: Melvin, Frank, Norman. Janet and Florence, all pupils in the public schools, the eldest in the high school. Politically Mr. Hiller is a republican and fraternally a Mason, belonging to Lakewood Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cunningham Chapter. and Al Sirat Grotto of Master Masons. He also belongs to the well known organization the Kiawanis Club. EDWIN MORRIS MOHRMAN, a prominent engineer, with wide and varied experience in mining, construction and manufacturing engineering, is at present district manager of the Truseon Steel Company and president of the E. M. Mohrman Company. Mr. Mohrman is a native of Cleveland and represents a family that has been identified with the city for over sixty years. He was born at Cleveland February 12, 1886. His grandfather Mohrman was born in Europe in 1823 and came to America and settled at Cleveland in 1857. He was a farmer and owned land along what is now Superior Avenue. between East Ninth and East Seventeenth streets. lie died in Cleveland in 1889. Rudolph Mohrman, father of. Edwin M., was born in Europe in 1856 and was fourteen months old when the family came to America and settled at Cleveland. He was reared and educated and married here, was a plumber by trade, but for fifteen years conducted a livery stable on Superior Avenue, where the Superier Euclid Arcade is now and was in the grocery business on St. Clair Avenue. He became prominent in business affairs and was founder and president of the North Ameri can Coal & Coke Company and was an officer in the C. E. Gehring Brewing Company. He also served at one time as an official of the City of Cleveland. In politics he was a republican, was affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Royal Arcanum. He died at Cleveland in 1912. He was twice married, marrying sisters, Amelia and Anna Stepp. Their father, Mathias Stepp, was born in Germany in 1830, came to Cleveland in an early day, and the deed to his property on St. Clair Avenue was signed by Oliver Hazzard Perry, commander of the American ships in the famous battle of Lake Erie. Mathias Stepp was a stonemason by trade. Ho married at Cleveland Mary Baker, who was also born in Europe, and died in Cleveland. Rudolph Mohrman by his first wife had one daughter, Lillian, wife of F. P. Brooke, who is president and manager of the T. P. McCutcheon Company at Philadelphia. Mrs. Anna Stepp Mohrman was born at Cleveland in 1866, and is still living in this city. Her father died in the same year that she was born. She is the mother of two sons, Edwin M. and Dr. Frank H. The latter is a graduate in medicine from Wesleyan University and is a physician and surgeon living at 1293 West One Hundred and Eleventh Street in Cleveland. Edwin Morris Mohrman was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from high school in 1903. In 1907 he received the degree Bachelor of Science in engineering from the Case School of Applied Science. While at Case he became a member of the Sigma Chi college fraternity. In the ten years since he left technical school Mr. Mohrman has crowded a great deal of achievement and experience into his life. In 1907 he went out to Montana as general manager and mining engineer of the Gold Coin Mining & Milling Company at Anaconda. Ile was there two years, then spent a year in special investigation work in the West Indies, was for three years division engineer on irrigation projects of the Twin Falls Land & Water Company at Twin Falls, Idaho, and for about a year did investigation work at Cobalt, Canada. In 1914 Mr. Mohrman returned to Cleveland and has since been district manager, with offices in the Hippodrome Building, for the Truscon Steel Company of Youngstown, Ohio. The E. M. Mohrman Company, of which he is president and treasurer, is a construction company and was formerly the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 339 Cott-Mohrman Company, of which he was treasurer and vice president. Mr. Mohrman is a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers, the Cleveland Engineering Society, the Builders Exchange, the Cleveland Athletic Club, and is active in Masonry. His lodge affiliations are with Acacia Lodge No. 33, Ancient Free & Accepted Masons, at Anaconda, Montana, and at Cleveland he is a member of Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He also belongs to Twin Falls Lodge of Elks in Idaho. In matters of politics Mr. Mohrman is independent. In 1918 he constructed a modern home at 11008 Edgewater Drive. He married in Cleveland in 1907 Miss Ada White, daughter of Hon. William J. and Ellen (Mansfield) White. Her father is a chewing gum manufacturer of national reputation, a resident of Niagara Falls, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Mohrman have two sons: Edwin Morris, Jr., born January 12, 1912, and John Rudolph, born May 5, 1913. WILLIAM J. GAWNE. The name Gawne is a prominent one in building and contracting circles at Cleveland, and the Gawne Contracting Company is known by its extensive work in the construction of sewers and other public improvements in many sections of the country. The founder of the business and the first of the name in Cleveland was the late John Gawne, who was born at Ballaugh, Isle of Man, October 20, 1821. He was reared and educated in his native country, and learned the trade of stone mason. In 1851, coming to America, he followed his trade eight months at Buffalo, New York, and four months at Painesville, Ohio, and then in 1852 located at Cleveland, where he was one of the early stone masons and building contractors. He followed that business actively, and built up an extensive clientage both here and elsewhere, until 1889, when he retired, and enjoyed his later years in leisure and comfort. While he gave up active business nearly thirty years ago, the results of his work are still in evidence. He had the contract for the erection of the Cleveland National Bank Building, the Otis Steel Company plant, part of the National Malleable Castings Company plant, and the Fairmont water reservoir. Other buildings and constructions too numerous to mention were handled by him and his firm. lie was a republican voter and an active Methodist. On the Isle of Man at his native village, in 1844; he married Margaret Craine, and they became the parents of twelve children, nine of whom are still living. William J. Gawne was born July 18, 1853, soon after his parents came to Cleveland. He was educated in the grammar and high schools of this city until the age of fifteen, and then under his father learned the building trade in every department. He actively assisted his father in handling many contracts until 1889, and then with his father's retirement went into business for himself under the name of the Gawne Contracting Company, of which he is president. This company in late years bas been chiefly engaged with county and municipal sewer and paving work. They laid the first brick county road in Cuyahoga Connty, comprising five miles on the Wooster Turnpike Road. They also handled the original contract for the building of the East Side waterworks tunnel, and some of the large sewerage systems installed by the company are those at Lorain, Ohio ; Salem, Ohio; Fort Smith, Arkansas; and Toronto, Canada. The Gawne Contracting Company is an organization of expert men and with all facilities for prompt and efficient handling of their business. About sixty men are maintained on the pay roll during the year. Mr. Gawne is also a director of the Lake Shore Electric Railway Company. He is affiliated with Forest City Lodge, Frey and Accepted Masons; Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. His political allegiance is given to the republican party. September 28, 1874, at Cleveland, Mr. Gawne married Estelle Barnett. They have three children, William J., Jr., who was born at Cleveland in 1877, and is now associated with his father in the contracting business; Sarah is Mrs. G. J. Wallace, a resident of Youngstown, Ohio; and Margie is Mrs. D. W. Lytle, of Cleveland. ARTHUR D. PETTIBONE has been a figure in Cleveland's manufacturing circles a number of years, and has his chief connection at present as vice president, treasurer and general manager of the B. L. Marble Chair Company. Mr. Pettibone is a native of Cuyahoga County, born December 20, 1872, son of Dudley and Marian (Norton) Pettibone. Most 340 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of his boyhood was spent at Bedford, Ohio, where he attended public schools, graduating from high school in 1889. For two years he was a student in Hiram College, and on leaving his text books went to work at Lorain as assisting purchasing agent for the Johnson Steel Company. He was with that firm seven years, and this time constituted a thorough experience and apprenticeship in business and manufacturing. He then removed to Cleveland and for a short time was assistant manager of the Pittsburg Steamship Company. He then organized the B. L. Marble Chair Company, of which Mr. B. L. Marble is president, while Mr. Pettibone handles practically all the rest of the executive and administrative responsibilities. The headquarters of the firm are at Cleveland, but the manufacturing plant is located at Bedford, Ohio, where Mr. Pettibone spent most of his boyhood. He is also a director of the Eastern Heights Land Company, and a director of the Hy-Watt Battery Company. He is affiliated with the Masonic Order, including Thatcher Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, a member of the Cleveland Union Club, Country Club, Chamber of Commerce, Automobile Club, Sons of the American Revolution, Cleveland Museum of Art. His politics are guided by independent choice. At Elyria, Ohio, June 14, 1900, Mr. Pettibone married Miss Jean Folger. Their one daughter, Helen, is now attending the Laurel School in Cleveland. FRANK L. THURBER is a veteran of experience and achievement in the insurance field, a business calling he has followed for a quarter of a century. He is well known among the insurance men of Cleveland, and is also secretary of the Central Savings and Loan Company. Mr. Thurber comes of a hardy stock of New England, a number of his ancestors having been seafaring people. He was born at Ellsworth, in Hancock County, Maine, October 22, 1861. The authentic record of the Thurber family in America has been traced back nearly three centuries to the time they came out of England and settled in Massachusetts about 1627. Mr. Thurber's grandfather, George Winchester Thurber, was a native of Nova Scotia. He was a seafaring man and in early life established his home in Hancock County, Maine. He died at Ellsworth. George W. Thurber, father of Frank L., was born at Lubec, Maine, in 1822, was reared and educated in Ellsworth from early boyhood, married there, and was a salt sea sailor. He was captain of a vessel which foundered in the Atlantic ocean and went down to a watery grave in 1872. Captain Thurber married Abigail M. Dawes, who was born on Mount Desert Island, Maine, in 1824, and died at Ellsworth in 1892. Their children were: Mary Frances, who married Joseph F. Mercer, and Susan, who married Reuben E. Sargent, a farmer, both these daughters and their husbands being now deceased. George W., who was a brick mason by trade, died at Bar Harbor, Maine, in 1916. Alexander Thurber lives at Concord, New Hampshire, and the fifth and youngest of the family is Frank L. The latter was educated in the rural schools of Hancock County, Maine, also attended a commercial school at Ellsworth, and at the age of sixteen he took up the serious responsibilities of life on his own account. After that for a number of years he was in the hotel business, being connected with the management of hotels at Bangor, Portland, Mount Kineo and Moosehead Lake, in Maine. In 1893 Mr. Thurber took up life insurance as general agent for the Union Mutual Life Insurance Company for the provinces of Nova Scotia and New Brunswick. He covered that territory until 1898, in which year the company sent him to Cleveland, and this city has since been his home. He represented his old company here until 1908, after which he was special agent for the Prudential Insurance Company until 1912. Since then he has continued in the general insurance and building and loan business, and in 1916 also became secretary of the Central Savings and Loan Company, a business that was established in August, 1915. The company's headquarters are at 21 Euclid Arcade. Besides Mr. Thurber, the officers of the company are: George D. Koch, president; John I. Nunn, vice president; B. W. Jackson, treasurer. Mr. Thurber has been one of the men of public spirited leadership in the Lakewood district of Cleveland. He served as a member of the City Council there and was the first president of the Lakewood Chamber of Commerce and is still active in that body. In politics he is a republican. Mr. Thurber is a member of the Christian Science Church of Lakewood and also officiates as first reader for the prisoners at Warrensville, Ohio. He CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 341 is a charter member of Lakewood Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, and a member of Webb Chapter, Royal Arch Masons. Mr. Thurber married in 1882, at Ellsworth, Maine, Miss Myra H. McFarland, daughter of Robert and Ann (Anderson) McFarland. Her father was a ship carpenter and both her parents are now deceased. Mrs. Thurber died at Cleveland in 1900, leaving one son, Douglas, who is now serving with a submarine chaser in foreign waters. May 23, 1902, at Cleveland, Mr. Thurber married Mrs. May L. (Brown) Bishop, widow of the late Warner Bishop, a traveling salesman of Cleveland. She had two children by her former marriage, Esther B. and Warner B. Bishop. Mrs. Thurber is a daughter of George and Jeanette A. (Ostrander) Brown. Her mother is still living, with home at Cleveland. Her father is a carpenter. Mr. and Mrs. Thurber have two children: Frances May, born January 30, 1903, and Thornton L., born September 26, 1909. CHARLES H. TYLEE. Cleveland has long enjoyed an enviable pre-eminence in the great paint and varnish industry. Among local men there is not one more thoroughly versed in all branches of the varnish industry than Charles H. Tylee, president and treasurer of the Western Reserve Varnish Company. Mr. Tylee has had forty years active experience in the business and paint and varnish men all over the country recognize in him one of their most successful associates. He is a native of Cleveland, born August 26, 1853. The Tylees are a very old American family. The first of the name came out of England to Connecticut when the first colonies were being established in that province. One of Mr. Tylee's forefathers lived at Portsmouth, New Hampshire, when that town was attacked by the British and burned a number of ships in the harbor. As they departed the invaders left behind a pair of tongs which were picked up by this forefather Tyke and have been passed on from generation to generation until they are now in the possession of Mr. Charles H. Tylee of Cleveland. John O. Tylee, grandfather of Charles H., was born in Connecticut and was a ship carpenter. He built a schooner in Connectiout, sailed it up the Hudson River and the Mohawk, and by running the vessel over a falls of sixty feet finally reached the Great Lakes and came on to Ohio. He established his home at Cleveland soon after his marriage, and died here in 1857, when past seventy years of age. His son Felix Tylee was born in Cleveland in 1832. He spent his life here, following the trade of pattern maker but finally retired and died in Cleveland in 1912. He was a republican and a member of the Christian Church. Felix Tylee married Maria Pond, who was born at Amora in New York in 1833 and died at Cleveland in 1911. Charles H. Tyke, only child of his parents, was educated in Cleveland, attending grammar and high schools. On leaving school at the age of seventeen he worked as bookkeeper with the Forest City Varnish, Oil and Naphtha Company. He was with that concern three years, and then for twelve years treasurer and nine years president of the Cleveland Varnish Company. During that time he not only officiated as general overseer of the business but learned varnish making and selling in every detail. If it were necessary Mr. Tylee could today take charge of the melting of the gum or cooper a barrel and it is this thoroughness and practical knowledge that has contributed to his successful standing in the varnish field. In 1901 Mr. Tylee organized the Western Reserve Varnish Company, of which he is majority stockholder and president and treasurer. His son E. W. Tylee is secretary of the company. The company has plant and offices at 1251 Marquette Street. It manufactures a varied line of varnishes and paints, and distributes the output over an extensive territory from Chicago to New York and into Canada. Mr. Tyee is a republican, a member of the Woodland Avenue Presbyterian Church, which he has served as elder for the past twenty-five years, and is a member of various business organizations, including those with which his own business is affiliated. Mr. Tylee and family reside at 2201 East Seventy-ninth Street. In 1876, at Mentor, Ohio, he married Miss Mary H. Read, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. John Read, both now deceased. Her father was an engineer and installed the old Corliss water engines on the West Side, the first engines of this famous type introduced to Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Tylee have two children, a son and daughter : Edward W., secretary of the Western Reserve Varnish Company, and May A., wife of F. H. Tenney, a civil engineer living at Springfield, Ohio. 342 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS JOHN H. GRITTNER. During his early boyhood at Cleveland Mr. Grittner spent several years as an apprentice in learning the business of making mirrors. That trade has been the basis of his subsequent career, and has employed him in various companies and in various cities. He and a partner some years ago established a plant of their own, and it has been gradually developed under their efficient administration until it is now one of the important industrial assets of the city. Mr. Grittner was born at Cleveland on September 2, 1876, one of the six children of Julius and Catherine F. Grittner. His father was born in Berlin, Germany, July 3, 1847, was educated in the old country and learned the trade of patternmaker, and in 1867, at the age of twenty, came to Cleveland. Here he followed his trade until he retired in 1911. John H. Grittner spent his boyhood days attending the local schools of Cleveland untii he was fourteen. At that age he was taken into the firm of J. L. Crane & Company as an apprentice to learn the mirror making trade. He was with them six years, and as a journeyman he found his first employment at Cincinnati as a mirror maker with the Western Mirror Company. Three months later he went on to Chicago, worked for Tyler & Hippach three months, spent a month in St. Louis, Missouri, and returning to Cleveland, was employed by the Forest City Mirror Company as beveler and mirror maker for three years. Then for a time he was a partner with H. F. Ehlert in the same line of business until 1902, when he sold out and took charge of the mirror department of the Cleveland Window Glass Company a year and a half. He was next for two years manager of the Whipple Art Glass Company. These various connections gave Mr. Grittner a varied and thorough experience, which he then sought to utilize in a business of his own. He established the American Mirror and Art Glass Company, which was incorporated September 14, 1908. He has been its president and treasurer, and the secretary of the company is Ernest Frank. It is a business with a most interesting history. At the beginning the two partners performed nearly all the technical as well as the business work involved, having one man as an employe. At the present time twenty skilled workmen are in the plant. The first year the total output was $2,500 worth of goods, and in 1917 the volume of business is estimated at $50,000. The company manufacture a varied line of art glass and mirrors and have facilities for handling practically every contract of that kind. Their first shop was at the corner of Huron and East Second streets. A year later they moved to a better location on Forty-fifth Street, near Superior, and four years after that went to Twenty-fifth Street and West Superior, and in April, 1917, moved into a new four-story brick building of their own at 2401 West Superior Street. Mr. Grittner is quite active in local affairs, is a member of the Chamber of Industry, is affiliated with Forest City Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, Cleveland Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and Al Sirat Grotto of Master Masons. He is strictly independent in politics. At Cleveland, June 17, 1903, he married Miss Marie Pabst. Their three children are Hazel, Robert and Ralph, all now of school age. Robert is nine and Ralph is six. JAMES ROBERTSON. About thirty years ago James Robertson was working as a common laborer in a local paint factory at Cleveland. He had the capacity and the inclination to learn the business, and he learned it so thoroughly that his promotion to responsibility was rapid, and finally a number of years ago he established the nucleus of what is now the well known Robertson Paint & Varnish Company, an industry that contributes a modest but important share to Cleveland's industrial prosperity. Mr. Robertson was born in Denmark, July 8, 1869, a son of Robert and May Robertson. He grew up in his native country, attended public schools until fourteen, and then spent three years doing the hard manual labor required in a brick factory owned by his uncle. On coming to Cleveland Mr. Robertson spent his first six months in this vicinity as a farm hand near Rocky River. For a similar time he was employed in the Woodland Avenue street car barns. Then came his opportunity to work as a laborer with the Billings, Taylor & Company, paint manufacturers, and that opportunity he converted into an uninterrupted progress to independence and fortune. After two years he was advanced from the ranks of a laborer to a position in the paint laboratory, and spent six years there, mastering every detail of paint manufacture. From that he was made assistant superintendent for three years and then superintendent for one year. From Cleveland Mr. Rob- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 343 ertson was called to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, as manager of the paint plant of the O'Neil Oil & Paint Company, and was in that Wisconsin city for ten years. With his varied experience, with the capital and credit he had established, Mr. Robertson returned to Cleveland and started The Robertson Paint & Varnish Company. The first borne of this company was a two-story building eighteen by seventy-five feet at Seventy-sixth and Woodland streets. Today the business occupies six modern buildings at 9812 Meech Street, and with twenty-five thousand square feet of floor space. At first he had only one man to assist him, and today his payroll comprises fifty employes. The Robertson Paint & Varnish Company manufacture a well known line of paint, oils, varnishes and roofing cement. An important extension to the business was made in 1915 when Mr. Robertson bought the Massachusetts Chemical Company of Walpole, Massachusetts. This firm for over twenty years had been manufacturing electric insulating compounds, and these compounds are widely known to the trade as the "Walpole Products." As insulation for electrical apparatus they have maintained a high standard for a quarter of a century. After buying the plant Mr. Robertson moved it to Cleveland, and has made the Robertson Chemical Company an important auxiliary and supplementary business to the Robertson Paint & Varnish Company. When he began manufacturing paints Mr. Robertson's output for the first year was valued at twenty-eight thousand dollars. In 1917 the amount of estimated business is half a million dollars. The Robertson paints are well known under the trade names of "Olo" and "Bungalow." Mr. Robertson is a republican. At Cleveland, November 15, 1891, he married Mary Robertson. They have two children. The son, Anthon B., aged twenty-four, was treasurer of the Robertson Paint & Varnish Company, until he resigned to enlist in the Medical Corps, and at present is stationed in Cleveland. The daughter is Mabel Robertson, a graduate of the Cleveland High School. ALLEN BARNES Pram In a great city like Cleveland the needs and conveniences of the people require a multiplicity of business services, and one of the most indispensable of these is the facilities for moving of goods and their storage. One of the largest and best managed organizations for supplying this service is the Lake Shore Moving and Storage Company, the owner, president and treasurer of which is Mr. Allen Barnes Peek. While he has won his way to an enviable business independence, Mr. Peek has had a varied career and has often touched the lower rounds of the ladder of success. He was born at Taylorville, Illinois, May 6, 1883. When sixteen years old, after completing his education in the public schools of Taylorville, he ran away from home, and found his first regular job as a worker in a jewelry store at $1.75 a week. He spent about a year traveling from place to place over Missouri, Kansas, Indian Territory and Oklahoma, Texas and Arkansas. For a brief interval he then rejoined the family at Taylorville, and in 1901 came on to Cleveland. Some few of his business friends and associates remember a time when Mr. Peek depended upon the exertion of his physical energies in manual toil, to support him. One of his experiences in the city was helping clear and grade the Eddy Road. He entered the service of the New York Central Railway Company on the pay roll as a laborer but was promoted to he cashier and assistant foreman, and altogether spent twelve years with that railway. In April, 1913, Mr. Peek bought the William Cutler Moving Company of 9202 St. Clair Avenue. Under his energetic direction this business was made profitable and on December 4, 1913, he organized a new corporation. the Lake Shore Moving and Storage Company, which took over not only his own business but the moving concerns of Frank Sheppard, L. Wurm, and F. F. Reynard and combined all these services under one corporate title. At the time of the consolidation the equipment of the business made it the largest team van owners in Cleveland. The new plant and offices of the company were located at. 662 East One Hundred Fifth Street. On June 21, 1915, Mr. Peek bought out all the other interests in the company and is now virtually owner as well as president and treasurer of the corporation. His brother, J. C. Peek, is vice president, and C. S. Schonmeyer is secretary. The company has thirty men on the payroll and furnishes a prompt and efficient service to practically all sections of the city. Mr. Peek represents a family that came from England to America in colonial times. His grandfather, Allen Barnes Peek, was born in Kentucky. and was a pioneer settler at Taylorville, Christian County, Illinois, moving his 344 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS family to that locality in the days before railroads and in a prairie schooner.. He spent the rest of his life in Taylorville. L. F. Peek, father of Allen B., was born in Sangamon County, Illinois, in 1855, and has spent his life in that state and is now living at Taylorville. He has been a farmer. He is now serving as chairman of the Board of Supervisors of Christian County and gives nearly all his time to the management of county affairs and especially the county charitable institutions. He is a democrat in politics and a member of the Christian Church. He married Josie E. Coffman, who was born in Taylorville and died in that city March 29, 1898. Their children were: Elbridge D., who was a musician by profession and died at Springfield, Illinois, at the age of thirty-five.; Jesse C., a resident of Cleveland and associated with his brother in Cleveland and also a foreman for the Pennsylvania Railway Company; Allen B.; Nena J. Cooper, who lives at Troy, Illinois, wife of a coal miner there; and Leona, who is at home with her father. Mr. A. B. Peek is prominent in various business and social organizations at Cleveland. He is a member of the Board of Directors of the Cleveland Cartage Club, a member of the Van Owners and Warehouse Men's Association, of the American Protective League, the East End Chamber of Commerce, the Colonial Club, the East Shore Country Club, and Cleveland Lodge of 'Woodmen of the World. He is a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church and in politics votes independently. His home is at 9119 St. Clair Avenue. Mr. Peek married in May, 1917, at Cleveland, Miss Emma Hoffman, a native of Cleveland. They have one child, Allen Leonard, born in February, 1918. RALPH J. JONES, who is one of the younger men of Cleveland enjoying important executive responsibilities in business affairs, is member of one of the very oldest and earliest pioneer families of Cuyahoga County. His great-grandfather, Benjamin Jones, came to Cleveland in 1804. In the family at the time was his four year old son Joel. Benjamin Jones settled on a farm of a thousand acres in East Cleveland. The old residence of the homestead occupied the site where the Windemere Methodist Church now stands. In this locality Joel Jones grew to manhood, married, and took up his home at the northwest corner of Euclid and Superior avenues. This home was directly across from the McIlrath Tavern. There he was engaged in fanning until his death in 1884. It is said that he sold his only team of horses and donated the money to the building of the old. Methodist Meeting House. Another distinction attached to his name is that he shot the last deer in Cuyahoga County. Joel Jones had two sons, Alva and Edmond. Edmond Jones, grandfather of Ralph J., was born on the old homestead and died in early life. His son James was born at Cleveland, was educated in the public schools and a business college, and took up gardening as his first occupation and later became a building contractor. He retired in 1915. He married Mary Stark, who is descended from a very prominent New England family. Mrs. Jones graduated from East Cleveland High School and taught in the Cleveland schools before her marriage. While attending school she was a pupil of Elroy M. Avery. Her father, James Stark, was a soldier in the Union army and was killed at the battle of Chickamauga. They have five children : Clark E., of Cleveland; Ralph J.; Elroy S. (named for Elroy M. Avery, editor of this publication), who is traffic man for the Lake Erie Lumber & Supply Company of Cleveland; Bertram Alva, in the building business at Dover, Ohio; Irving W., who was born at Cleveland, April 21, 1890, and is now secretary of the Lake Erie Lumber & Supply Company and secretary of the Jones Brothers Company. Mr. Ralph J. Jones was born at Cleveland February 12, 1879. He attended the grammar and high schools until seventeen, and then went to work for a year as clerk with the Pittsburg Gas Coal Company. From that he went into the offices of the Lake Erie Lumber & Supply Company, and with this firm has been advanced to different posts of responsibility until he is now treasurer. He is also vice president of the A. &. B. Box Company, is president of the Jones Brothers Company and president of the Coit Realty Company. Mr. Jones is a member of the Lumberman's Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Automobile Club, Sons of Veterans, and is member of the Methodist Church and a republican in politics. In 1904 Mr. Jones married Ona B. Holmes, of Cleveland, Ohio. LOUIS E. HELL, a son of the late Col. E. H. Hill, whose interesting career as a soldier and Cleveland business man has been sketched on CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 345 other pages, is a native of Cleveland, executive officer in the Cleveland Tanning Company, which was founded by his father, and has himself had considerable experience in military affairs, serving with the regular army in the Philippines, and is also a veteran of the noted Troop A of Cleveland. He was born at Cleveland February 10, 1873. In 1891 he graduated from high school and soon afterwards joined his father in the hide business in the firm of H. E. Hill & Company. He was taken into partnership, but in 1894 they sold and became identified with the J. R. McDonald Tanning Company. Louis E. Hill was treasurer of that company until 1898. In that year, marked by the outbreak of the Spanish-American war, he resigned his position and enlisted in the First Ohio Volunteer Cavalry as a sergeant. In July he was commissioned second lieutenant in the regular army in the Fourth United States Infantry, and accompanied that regiment to the Philippines and was with it throughout its active service in those islands. On account of ill health he resigned his commission in September, 1900, and returning to Cleveland, resumed his business connection as superintendent of the Cleveland Tanning Company. Three years later he was elected secretary and director and has given his chief time and energies to the management of his department in this well known Cleveland industry. He is also a director of the Cleveland Business University and the Cleveland Auto Top and Trimming Company. Mr. Hill is a member of the Clifton Club, the Westwood Country Club, the Episcopal Church, and in politics is a republican. At Dayton, Ohio, April 9, 1902, he married Miss Nellie B. Herbruck. They have three children : Edward E., aged fourteen, a student in the Lakewood High School ; and Margaret B. and Marian E., twins, aged thirteen, and pupils in the Lakewood grammar school. FRANTZ CHILDS WARNER, architect, Hippodrome Building, Cleveland, has become prominent in his profession as architect and designer of educational and institutional buildings. During the past four years he has designed thirty school houses in Northern Ohio. An important commission which he is now executing is designing the Andrews Institute for Girls, a group of fifty-five buildings at Willoughby, Ohio. His critical judgment and skill are well exemplified in the modern school architecture of the villages of Shaker Heights and Cleveland Heights. Mr. Warner was born at Painesville, Ohio, September 6, 1876, and is member of a pioneer family in the original Western Reserve of Ohio. His Warner ancestors came out of England and were colonial settlers in Connecticut. The pioneer Warner in Ohio was his great-grandfather, Daniel Warner, a native of Connecticut. He spent his last years at. Painesville. The grandfather, Field D. Warner, was born at Hampden, Ohio, in 1837, died at Painesville in 1892, and was a large property owner and had varied interests in and around Painesville. F. G. L. Warner, father of the Cleveland architect, was born at Painesville in 1856 and has spent his active life there as a merchant. He is a democrat, a member of the Congregational Church and the Masonic fraternity. He married Isabelle Childs, who was born at Ashtabula in 1856. They have three children : Franz C.; Wurt, who is deputy county auditor of Hancock County, Ohio, living at Findlay ; and Childs, a student in the Painesville High School. Franz C. Warner graduated from the Painesville High School in 1896. He then entered the Case School of Applied Science at Cleveland, from which he took his Bachelor's degree in 1900. He is a member of the Beta Theta Pi college fraternity. He took up architecture with the well known firm of Owsley & Boucherle at Youngstown, and later was associated with the firm of Frank L. Packard at Columbus until 1908, when he entered the profession for himself at Cleveland. He is well known in professional circles: a member of the American Institute of Architects, the American Federation of Art and the Cleveland Engineering Society. He also belongs to the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Old Colony Club, Cleveland Athletic Club. City Club, Civic Club, Automobile Club, Cleveland Yacht Club and Country Club, is a member of the Congregational Church and in politics a democrat. His home is at 2237 Demington Drive. Mr. Warner married at Youngstown Miss Hazel ,Virginia Ward, daughter of S. Eugene and Ellen (Weans) Ward. WILLIAM E. WEAVER is president and active head of one of Cleveland's younger and vigorous industries. the General Bronze Foundry Company, at 4800 Hamilton Avenue. Mr. Weaver founded this business July 1, 1915, 346 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and has all the facilities and the organization for handling general jobbing work. At present thirty hands are employed, but the industry is increasing so rapidly that a statement concerning its business one month would hardly apply to the next following. Mr. Weaver, who is a man of wide and general business experience, was born at Doylestown, in Wayne County, Ohio, September 8, 1873, and has lived in Cleveland for over a quarter of a century. His grandfather, Joseph B. Weaver, a native of Bucks County, Pennsylvania, brought his family to Ohio in 1852. They traveled across the mountains to Pennsylvania before railroads had made a continuous path and when part of the distance was accomplished by canal boats. Joseph B. Weaver was a shoemaker by trade, but subsequently studied and practiced law. For years he was mayor of Doylestown, also served as justice of the peace, and was a man of fine influence and greatly respected character in this community. Warren Weaver, father of William E., was born at Bloomsburg, in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, in 1850, and was only an infant when brought over the mountains to Ohio. He grew up at Doylestown, and for many years was a merchant in that locality. He finally removed to Akron. Ohio, and was a general contractor and was also connected with the Buckeye lower and Reaper Company. About 1894 he came to Cleveland, and has since lived practically retired. He is an independent democrat, is a member of the Epworth Memorial Methodist Episcopal Church and is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Warren Weaver married at Doylestown, Ohio, Adwina Johnson, who was born at Doylestown in 1851 and died at Cleveland in 1906. She was the mother of three children, William E. being the oldest and the only son. Aleta, unmarried, resides with her hither. Fern Elizabeth is the wife of Ward Davies, who lives at Bedford, Ohio, and is connected with the France Premier Company. William E. Weaver was educated in the public schools of Doylestown and Akron, taking his high school course at Akron. He also attended the Spencerian Business College at Cleveland and when he left that school in 1892 he remained in this city and went to work for the Chandler & Rudd Company. Later he was with the Adams Express Company and between the two employments he put in ten years. For four years he was an employe of the Lake Shore Railway, another year was with the Standard Tool Company, but the service which had most to do with his getting permanently and independently established in business was the seven years he spent with the Aluminum Castings Company. The last two years of that period he was manager of the business, and while there he mastered all the details of the brass foundry industry. His associations with the foundry industry and his thorough experience enabled him to establish his present company, the General Bronze Foundry Company, of which he is president, and F. G. Brandt secretary and treasurer. Mr. Weaver votes as an independent democrat. His home is at 2221 East Eighty-third Street. He married at Cleveland, in 1896, Miss Mary Ann Heighton, daughter of F. H. and Emma (Carpenter) Heighton. Her father is a retired resident of Cleveland, while her mother is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Weaver have three children: Harold W., born September 29, 1898, is a graduate of high school and is assistant to his father in business; Fred W., born in August, 1899, is employed by the Union National Bank; and Herbert L., born in February, 1909. GEORGE B. MERRELL was for a number of years a figure in the iron and steel industry of Cleveland, but for the past twenty years has concerned himself chiefly with the buying and selling of real estate, mainly as an investment of his own resources. Mr. Merrell is one of the large real estate owners of the city. He has lived in Cleveland since early childhood, and was born at Johnsonburg, Wyoming County, New York, September 4, 1860. This branch of the Merrell family traces its ancestry back to France, where the name was spelled De Merle. They left France as a result of the persecution of the Huguenots, and seeking freedom of worship in the New World, settled in Connecticut. The father of George B. Merrell was George W. Merrell, who was born in Connecticut in 1819, his father being a native of the same state. In 1822 the Merrell family started westward from Connecticut for the purpose of finding a home in the new Connecticut of Ohio. They traveled with wagons and teams over the long stretch of intervening country, most of which was a wilderness, and finally arrived in the country between Fremont and Clyde, Ohio. They spent only one winter there. The land was very poor and Indians were still so nu- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 347 merous as to cause constant scares to the settlers. For this reason the Merrell family the next spring started back East, and made permanent settlement in Wyoming County, New York, close to the Town of Johnson-burg. George W. Merrell grew up in that county and became the leading citizen and business man of Johnsonburg. He was postmaster for a number of years, did business as a lawyer, operated a large general store and was also a minister of the Congregational Church. His success was of generous measure until the Civil war. At that time he was lavish of his credit and aid in behalf of the soldiers and their families, and his generosity proved his undoing. In a few years he lost $40,000, and in 1865 came to Cleveland with only $1,100 saved from the wreck. Here for a number of years he was employed in the freight office of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway, but finally engaged in the hardwood lumber business. In the early days of the Standard Oil Company he furnished headings and staves in large quantities, buying the raw timber in Indiana. This business he followed with satisfactory results for a number of years, and eventually recouped some portion of his earlier fortune, so as to live comfortably the rest of his days. He died in Cleveland in 1897. He was a democrat, a member of the Congregational Church, and for many years was active in Masonry. George W. Merrell married Maria Antoinette Case. She was born in Central New York, at Corfu, in 1823, and died in Cleveland in 1907. There were three children: Louisa C., who is unmarried and lives at 2027 East Ninety-third Street in Cleveland ; Ella J., who died in Cleveland, wife of the late George S. Wright, an early day banker of Cleveland; and George B. George B. Merrell was brought to Cleveland by the family when he was five years of age. Here he attended the public schools, graduated from high school in 1877, and after that followed various occupations to earn his living. For four years he was connected with the branch house at Cleveland of D. M. Osborne & Company of Auburn, New York. For three years he was a dry goods merchant, but the real basis of his success was laid when in 1883 he founded the Forest City Steel and Iron Company. This has since grown to be one of the leading industries of Cleveland and was the first firm in the city to carry structural steel. Mr. Merrell continued active in this business until 1898, and finally sold out, his holdings representing a large part of his present fortune. Since then he has handled real estate, mostly business property and residences, and still maintains an office in the Merrell Building at 1900 West Twenty-fifth Street, for the purpose of looking after his property interests. He is also secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Drilling and Development Company, and secretary and treasurer of the Brook Road Gas Company. Not all his time has been taken up with his private affairs. For the past twenty-five years he has been an active member of the West Side Chamber of Industry. Politically he votes independently. At Cleveland, in 1883, Mr. Merrell married Miss Ida M. Raymond. Her parents, both deceased, were William H. and Mary Ann (Pellett) Raymond. Mrs. Merrell died in 1890, the mother of two daughters and one son. Hazel, a graduate of the Cleveland High School and residing on East Ninety-third Street, is the widow of Edward Hearne, who was a compositor. Lucile. a graduate of the high school and the Lake Erie Seminary, is the wife of James I.. Kirkland, a contractor living in Chicago. The only son, Roswell Pettibone, is in the dental supply business at Cleveland, his home being on Bridge Street. EARL HECKLER is vice president of one of the distinctive industries of Cleveland, the Cleveland Neckwear Company, who as manufacturers of men's neckwear are known to the retail trade all over the United States and Canada. The headquarters of this concern are at 1229 West Sixth Street. Mr. Heckler has been in the neckwear business most of his business life, and came to Cleveland from Columbus. He was born in Columbus. Ohio, October 10, 1877. His grandfather, Frederick Heckler, a native of Switzerland, grew up and was married in that country and brought his little family to the United States, settling at Chillicothe, Ohio, where he followed business as a merchant tailor. He and his wife died while their son John J. was serving his time as a soldier in the Civil war. John J. Heckler, father of Earl Heckler, was born at Chillicothe. Ohio, in 1838, and spent his active career as a farmer, his home being in Franklin County. Ohio, not far from Columbus. In the flush of young manhood, in 1861, he enlisted in the Union army, and served probably as long as any other man 348 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS who enlisted from Ohio, being in the army and almost on constant duty four years and four months, which was more than the actual duration of hostilities between the North and South. In politics he was always an unswerving republican. He died on his farm. in Franklin County, Ohio, in 1892. The maiden name of his wife was Arabelle Frances Robinson, who was born near Columbus in 1857 and is still living in that city. Their son Earl was the oldest of four children, and the only son. The three daughters are: Emma, wife of W. R. Frieszell, a mail carrier at Columbus; Viola and Marian Louisa, both at home with their mother. Earl Heckler attended the rural schools of Franklin County, Ohio. At the age of fifteen, when his father died, he had to give up his plans for further education and go to work to help eke out the slender resources of his widowed mother. For three years he was employed in a fruit store at Columbus. At the age of nineteen he went into the fruit business for himself at Columbus and continued it three years, and for another year traveled out of Columbus for a fruit and commission house. A more congenial and attractive field presented itself when he was offered a place as traveling representative for Wilbur 0. Smith & Company, neckwear manufacturers, of Columbus. For this firm he traveled out of Columbus, covering the entire State of Ohio one year. His knowledge of the neckwear business was enlarged by two years' employ. ment in a retail haberdashery store, and he then resumed his place on the road with Wilbur 0. Smith & Company for another year. By this time he had familiarized himself with every phase of the neckwear business, whether manufacturing or general sales and distribution. With this experience he organized Heckler, Santee & Company, manufacturers of men's neckwear. Mr. Heckler was head of the firm at Columbus for three years, and in April, 1910, came to Cleveland and acquired a financial interest in the Cleveland Neckwear Company. He has since been one of the men chiefly responsible for the prosperity and broadening success, and is vice president of the firm. The other officers are: D. D. Kimmel, president, and W. S. Campbell, secretary and treasurer. The offices and plant are at 1229 West Sixth Street, and as wholesale neckwear dealers and jobbers they find their territory all over the United States, keeping twenty salesmen on the road. Mr. Heckler is well known in Cleveland business circles, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Cleveland Rotary Club, the Cleveland Advertising Club, the United Commercial Travelers of America, the Cleveland Commercial Travelers' Association and the Men's Apparel Club of Ohio, and also a member of "Uncle Sam's Salesmen." He is affiliated with Champion Lodge, No. 581, Knights of Pythias, at Columbus, is a republican voter and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. Mr. Heckler resides at 1706 East Eighty-fifth Street. He married, at Xenia, Ohio, in November, 1906, Miss Mary Celeste Haver-stick, daughter of William and Josephine (Clevell) Haverstick, both now deceased. Her father was a cooper by trade. HERMAN D. KRAUSS, who is secretary and treasurer of the Champion Machine & Forging Company at 3695 East Seventy-eighth Street, is a native of Cleveland, and since leaving high school has had an active experience in various branches of the iron and steel industry. He represents an old familY of Cleveland, and his father, C. Herman Krauss, is an official in the Cleveland Stamping & Tool Company. C. Herman Krauss was born in. Saxony, Germany, in 1846. His parents brought him as a small boy to the United States, locating in Iowa and afterward living for several years in Minnesota. They came to Cleveland in 1854, and the father died there that year. About 1861 C. Herman Krauss engaged in the lumber business. About twenty years ago he became one of the founders of the Cleveland Stamping & Tool Company, to which he has since given the best of his energies and is its vice president. He is an independent voter in politics. C. Herman Krauss married Rosa Moeder. She was born at Cleveland in 1851. Her father, Andrew Moeder, was born in Germany in 1814, came to Cleveland during the '30s, and for many years was a coal merchant of the city, where he died in 1888. C. Herman Krauss and wife have three children: Ferdinand A. Krauss, who is in business handling victrolas and musical supplies, and lives at 1258 Beach Street in Lakewood; Ida, wife of William F. Rapprich, secretary and treasurer of the Forest City Savings & Trust Company and living in Lakewood; and Herman D. Herman D. Krauss was born in Cleveland April 15, 1882. He had a public school edu- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 349 cation, graduating from high school in 1900. In the same year he went to work for the W. S. Tyler Company, one of the older industrial organizations of the city. He was with that firm until 1910 in the designing department. In the latter year he went with the Champion Machine & Forging Company, of which he is now secretary and treasurer. The other officers of the company are L. W. Greve, president; and J. F. Connelly, vice president. The business is a large and important one, employing 200 hands and manufactures a large and varied line of drop forgings. Mr. Krause, who is unmarried, resides at 12558 Clifton Boulevard. He is a member Yacht Club and the Automobile Club, is a member of the Lakewood Presbterian Church of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Cleveland and an independent in politics. CHARLES PINTNER has for a number of years been one of the prominent leaders among the Bohemian people of Cleveland. He is a business man, and is perhaps best known at present as president of the Progressive Building, Savings and Loan Company, at 4963 Broadway. Mr. Pintner was born at Vienna, Austria. March 31, 1883. He had the equivalent of a high school education at Prague, Bohemia, but left school at the age of fourteen and from that time until he came to America was an apprenticed workman in breweries. In April, 1904, he came to Cleveland, and for the next six years was employed in Schlatler's Brewing Company and the Pilsner Brewing Company. In 1910 he removed to Detroit, where for two years he was connected with Strohs' Brewing Company. On returning to Cleveland six years ago, Mr. Pintner became Manager of the Bohemian Socialistic Printing and Publishing Company. This company publishes the American Working Men's News, which Mr. Pintner formerly managed and is now temporarily editor. The News is printed in the Bohemian language had has a large circulation over Ohio, Pennsylvania and Michigan, and even as far away as Texas. Its policy is to support every movement that will better the conditions of working men here and in all lands. The paper is printed weekly, with plant and offices at 4130 Broadway. Mr. Pintner for several years has owned and managed a moving picture house at 5212 Fleet Avenue. Mr. Pintner is a socialist in politics and is a member of two of the prominent Bohemian societies of Cleveland. His home is at 3235 East Forty-ninth Street. In 1907, in Cleveland, he married Viola Holecek, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Adolph Holecek. Her father is a retired resident of Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Pintner have two children, Charles, born November 20, 1907, and Libbie, born in August, 1910. FRANK C. MANAK is a Cleveland lawyer, has been a member of the bar for a quarter of a century, but has especially distinguished himself for his ability and integrity in the management of financial interests, and his primary business concern at present is the Oul Building and Loan Association, of which he is president and founder. Mr. Manak, one of the prominent Bohemian residents of Cleveland, was born in Bohemia January 11, 1872. His father, Frank Manak, was born in the same country in 1837, learned the tailor trade there, and in May, 1875, brought his family to the United States and was in the tailoring business in Cleveland until his death in March, 1908. As an American citizen he voted with the republican party and was affiliated with the Knights of Pythias and Independent Order of Odd Fellows. Frank Manak, Sr., married Barbara Klima, who was born in Bohemia in 1836 and died in Cleveland in April, 1904. The record of their children is as follows: John, a tailor at Cleveland; Julia, who lives at Cleveland, widow of Anton Cermak, who was a mechanic by trade; Mary, who first married Joseph Panck, a tailor's cutter, and is now the wife of Valentine Freg, a retired resident of Cleveland ; Joseph, a tailor at Cleveland ; Frank C.; and James, who is in the barber business at Cleveland. Frank C. Manak was educated in the Cleveland public schools, graduating from high school in 1888. Soon after leaving high school he went to work as a stenographer, and picked up a great amount of detailed and routine knowledge of the law while following that line of work. From 1892 to 1894 he attended the Western Reserve Law School, and was graduated LL. B. in 1894. In the same year he was admitted to the bar and in a short time had attracted to himself a liberal and profitable clientage. He is still a lawyer, though other interests take a large share of his time. During 1901-03 he was