500 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS legislation which would benefit his constituents, his state and his country. As a lawyer and member of the prominent firm of Bulkley, Hauxhurst, Saeger, and Jamison, his talents have shone brightly in a city not lacking in legalistic stars. In the field of finance he is at the head of the Morris Plan Bank of Cleveland, of which he is president, and numerous other institutions, financial and commercial, have benefited through his services and ability. It remains for him yet to make a record in the work of the United States Government, and if one studies his past achievements it is inconceivable to think that he will fail in this, one of the largest problems which he has been called upon to solve. Cleveland has a right to call Robert Johns Bulkley all its own. He was born here October 8, 1880, a son of Charles Henry and Roberta (Johns) Bulkley, and the University School and Brooks Military College gave him his preparation for entrance at Harvard, where, taking both the literary and law courses, he received the degrees of Bachelor of Arts and Master of Arts. His admission to the bar of Cleveland was secured in 1906, in which year he began practice with Henderson Quail & Siddell, and in 1909 the firm of Bulkley & Inglis was formed, this being succeeded subsequently by the present combination, one of the strongest forces in the state. Success in his profession did not satisfy this young man, for his abilities were of the kind that naturally attracted others to him and his energies were such that they demanded a still broader field in which to be expended. He therefore allied himself with other big men who had made and were making their mark, and took a commanding position in the financial field as president of the Morris Plan Bank of Cleveland, of which institution he has since been the directing head. His entrance in the political arena was brought about by his natural desire to be always doing something; but his success therein came as the result of strenuous service well performed. In the sixty-second and sixty-third sessions of Congress his work stood out in a manner that gave him the reputation of being one of the hardest-working and most useful members of these bodies, and in 1912 he was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention at Baltimore and in 1916 to the Convention held at St. Louis, Missouri. When his party began considering its candidate for mayor of Cleveland in the fall of 1917, Mr. Bulkley's name was the first mentioned and it was freely assumed that he would easily win the mayoralty honors. The call of country, however, was greater than that which could be brought forth by mere personal ambition, and when he was commissioned to organize the law department for the general munitions board he set aside all other matters and put his whole spirit, his entire energy and his best knowledge and experience into the work. It may be stated that Mr. Bulkley's acceptance of these duties was a voluntary one. The work which he has thus faced is a man's sized job, needing a big man to fill it. Aside from his early military school training, Mr. Bulkley has had some experience as a bearer of arms, having been a member of Troop A, Ohio National Guard, from 1905 to 1908. A clean-cut, virile, vigorous young man, typically American in everything he does, he is a personal exemplification of what this country holds as its ideal of young manhood. He has been able through all his numerous activities to find time for the social amenities, and is popular as a member of the Union, Hermit, University, Tavern and Conn-try clubs of Cleveland, the Harvard Club of New York, and the Montana Club of Helena, Montana. His many civic duties include a trusteeship of the University School. Mr. Bulkley was married at Helena, Montana, February 17, 1909, to Miss Katharine Pope, and they are the parents of two sons and one daughter : Robert Johns, Jr., William Pope and Katharine. LEONARD C. HANNA, JR. One of the large concerns connected with the iron and steel industry of Cleveland is the M. A. Hanna Company, which has rapidly advanced during recent years to a position of importance in the business world. It has been the fortune of this company to have secured the services of many able and experienced men, who in their work and enthusiasm have serve to give their enterprise the advantage of combined effort, always an important factor in business life. An integral part of the human machinery which is keeping this company among the leaders in its line is represented by Leonard C. Hanna, Jr., who has had much and varied experience during the comparatively short period which has covered his career. Mr. Hanna was born at Cleveland, November 5, 1889, being a son of Leonard C. Hanna. Sr., a review of whose career appears on another page of this work. He attended the Hathaway-Brown School until he was ten CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 501 years of age, at which time he was transferred to the University School, and at the age of fourteen years became a pupil at the Hill School, located at Pottstown, Pennsylvania. Five years of training in that excellent preparatory institution were followed by an academic course at Yale University, where he remained four years, and he then returned to Cleveland and began the serious affairs of business life in his father's office. In February, 1914, he entered the office of the M. A. Hanna Company, but after six weeks went to Youngstown, Ohio, and for three months was in the offices of the Republic Iron and Steel Company. In order to gain an idea of the operating work of the business he then entered the manufacturing department, in which he spent five months, at the end of that period returning to Cleveland and again entering his father's office. In December, 1914, Mr. Hanna became connected with the pig iron sales department of the M. A. Hanna Company, but after three months resigned to go to Birmingham, Alabama, where for six weeks he worked in the southern plant of the Republic Iron and Steel Company. His next experience was at Duluth, Minnesota, where he entered the ore mines of the M. A. Hanna Company and remained two months, and then returned to Cleveland and is now a partner in the company. Mr. Hanna is well known in the club circles of Cleveland, being a valued and popular member of the Union Club, the Tavern Club, the Country Club. the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club and the Roadside Country Club. He likewise holds membership in the Yale Club and in the Racquet and Tennis Club of New York City. His political tendencies make him a republican, although public life as to politics has held out no attractions for him. FREDERICK MILTON SANDERSON was for nearly half a century a resident of Cleveland, where his most conspicuous business interests identified him with the White Sewing Machine Company and the White Motor Company. His lifetime of seventy-seven years contained many other activities and associations, including a splendid record as a soldier and officer in the Civil war. He was born at Phillipston, Massachusetts, November 5, 1838, and died in Cleveland May 15, 1915. His parents, Courtlon and Lydia Sanderson, spent their active lives at Phillipston, but both died in Cleveland after a brief residence. The father was for many years in the tanning business. Frederick M. Sanderson graduated Bachelor of Arts from Amherst College in 1861, his primary education having been acquired in the public schools of his native town. From college he went into the army and his army record is best stated from the "In Memoriam" prepared by the Military Order of the Loyal Legion, Commandery of Ohio, following his death: "He enlisted as a private in the 21st Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Infantry, at Worcester, Massachusetts, about August 3, 1861; Orderly Sergeant Company A, 21st Regiment, September, 1861; commissioned second lieutenant March 3, 1862; first lieutenant July 21, 1862; captain September 2, 1862; and discharged by reason of resignation April 25, 1863. The history of his service included the following record: Annapolis, Maryland, December, 1861, formed into Burnside Expedition ; January 6, 1862, left Annapolis by steamer and arrived off Roanoke Island, North Carolina, February 7th; fought battle there February 8th ; battle of Newbern ; Newport News, Virginia; Fredericksburg, Virginia; August 12th marched to relief of General Pope; second battle of Bull Run; Chantilly ; South Mountain; Antietam, Fredericksburg, Virginia; Newport News; Baltimore; Mount Sterling, Kentucky, joining Army of the Cumberland; wounded in right hand at Roanoke Island, February 8, 1862." He was elected to membership in the Loyal Legion through the Commandery of the State of Ohio February 1, 1888. Following the war Captain Sanderson was in the oil business in Pennsylvania, and came to Cleveland when about thirty years of age. Here he was associated with the coal business and other industries, and for thirty-five years was identified with the White Sewing Machine Company, and upon its incorporation became identified with the White Motor Company. At the time of his death he was treasurer of both these industries. Captain Sanderson served one year as a member of the Board of Education of Cleveland soon after establishing his home in the city. He was very active in the Woodland Avenue Presbyterian Church, serving as president of its board, was a republican and was a man of the deepest public spirit. About 1873 he married Harriet Pierce White, sister of Thomas H. White, founder of 502 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS the White Sewing Machine Company, who died in May, 1914. Mrs. F. M. Sanderson died April 17, 1917, at the age of seventy-eight. She was the mother of five children, all born in Cleveland and all still living: Lydia E., wife of Edward Warren Capen, of Hartford, Connecticut; Edward Frederick, who is a director of the People's Institute of New York City and has his summer home at Stamford, Connecticut; Gertrude Almira, a teacher in the East High School of Cleveland; Lucia Harriet, of Stamford, Connecticut; and Julius Courtlon, assistant treasurer of the White Sewing Machine Company. JULIUS COURTLON SANDERSON, son of Capt. F. M. and Harriet (White) Sanderson, is a prominent young Cleveland business man, assistant treasurer of the White Sewing Machine Company and vice president of the Van Epps Coal Company. He was born at Cleveland October 23, 1880, is a graduate of the Central High School and finished his education in Cornell University. On returning home from college he went to work for the White Sewing Machine Company. His experience in different departments has well qualified him as successor to many of the responsibilities enjoyed by his late father. June 1, 1915, two weeks after the death of his father, he was made assistant treasurer of the company. Mr. Sanderson is an honorary member of the Loyal Legion, a member of the Cleveland Automobile Club, the Psi Upsilon fraternity of Cornell, and the Country Club, and is a trustee and on the vestry of the Church of the Epiphany, Reformed Episcopal. His home is at 2071 East Eighty-third Street. October 19, 1907, he married Mary Emily Van Epps, daughter of J. S. and Fanny (Noakes) Van Epps, of Cleveland. Mrs. Sanderson was born in this city, was educated in Central High School and is a graduate in the classical course from the Woman's College of Western Reserve University. She is a member of the honorary college society Phi Beta Kappa. They have one daughter, Ruth Mary, born in Cleveland. ALEXANDER PRINTZ is president and active head of the Printz-Biederman Company, probably the largest firm among the cloak manufacturers of- Cleveland.' It is in fact one of the largest firms of the kind in the United States. The Printz family have been in Cleveland since 1872, and the father, Morris Printz, was a pioneer in establishing and building up the cloak industry. Morris Printz was born at Kassa, Austria, December 26, 1843, and besides his literary education he learned the trade of ladies' tailor. He followed it until 1872, when he brought his family to Cleveland and became connected with D. Black, manufacturer of muslin underwear. For the Black firm Morris Printz established the ready-to-wear underwear department and later the cloak department, which was the first industry of that kind in Cleveland. Mr. Printz resigned his position when the Black firm moved from Cleveland in 1894 to New York City. and after that he served as a designer for the Printz-Biederman Company until he retired in 1907. He is a member of the Excelsior Club, and is a republican voter. At Kassa, Austria, he married Celia Friedman. They are parents of a large family of children, several of whom are well known in Cleveland business affairs. The oldest is Alexander and the others in order of birth are: Mrs. Malvina Fried of Cleveland ; Michael, vice president of the Printz-Biederman Company; Louis of Cleveland; Bertha, with her parents; Joseph, purchasing agent for PrintzBiederman Company ; David, a commission agent at Cleveland ; Mrs. Louise Kluger of Cleveland ; Mrs. Emma Selig of Atlanta, Georgia; Arthur, who is now a sergeant in the medical corps of the United States army in France. Most of these children were born after their parents came to Cleveland. Alexander Printz was born at Kassa, Austria, the native place of his parents, on November 29, 1869, and was three years old when his father came to America. He attended the grammar and high schools of Cleveland to the age of sixteen, and then went to work for the D. Black Cloak Company. His first duties were sweeping up floors and looking after the stock, and gradually with added experience and close study of the business he was promoted to salesman. He was still employed in that capacity when in 1894 the company moved to New York City, and soon afterward he founded the Printz-Biederman Company, which was a partnership until 1906, when it was incorporated. Mr. Printz has been president from the incorporation, and the other officers are: Michael Printz, vice president; W. B. Fish, secretary and treasurer. The Printz-Biederman Company are extensive manufacturers of ladies' garments. A very interesting feature of the business is its CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 503 remarkable growth. The first year they employed only a hundred people in the different branches of the business, while today they have fully 1,000 persons on the payroll. The volume of business transacted the first year was valued at $120,000, while in 1917 the figures stood between $3,000,000 and $4,000,000. The first quarters was a loft containing about 8,000 square feet of floor space. Now the business is divided among four different buildings, furnishing respectively 90,000, 40,000, 20,000 and 14,000 square feet, and besides this they maintain an immense warehouse. The output of this firm is distributed all over the United States and Canada, and the brand by which the retailers and the public in general recognize the quality of their goods is "Printzess." Mr. Alexander Printz is also president of the Oakwood Country Club, is a member of the Excelsior Club, the National Automobile Club of New York City, the Aldine Club of New York City and is a republican voter. October 11, 1897, he married at Erie, Pennsylvania, Almira Steele. J. WAYNE HART, president of the Cleveland Federation of Labor, is an expert electrician and has been identified with the cause of Union labor many years. He was born in Ukiah, California, March 3, 1880, a son of J. S. and Laura (Haskett) Hart. He grew up in his native city and attended the public schools there until the age of eighteen. His experience has been a varied one and has taken him to most of the sections of the Middle and Far West. After leaving school he worked a year as clerk and usher in the State Insane Asylum in California at Talmadge. His first experience in electrical work was two months spent at Mazaland, Mexico, with the Mazaland Power Company. Returning to Ukiah, California, he worked a year for his father, who was local agent for the Wells Fargo & Company Express. His next work was as an engine wiper with the California Northwestern Railway nine months, after which he fired a locomotive engine three months. Since then he has given practically all his time to the electrical trade. At San Francisco he worked for the Western Union Telegraph Company until September, 1902, was lineman and wire-man six months with the Joshua Hendy Electric Company, and going from there to Los Angeles joined the Electrical Workers Union and was a wireman helper for various contractors until 1903. Returning to San Fran- cisco, he was employed as an electrician with the San Francisco Gas and Electric Company until 1904. Mr. Hart came East in February, 1904, during the construction of the buildings on the Exposition grounds at St. Louis, where he was engaged as inside wireman. He was engaged in that work until December, 1904. That date marked his 'arrival at Cleveland, where he was employed as an electrician until 1911. In that year Mr. Hart was elected business agent for Local No. 38 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers and he still holds that office, together with his duties as president of the Cleveland Federation of Labor, to which he was elected in 1915. He is also a director in the Enterprise Garage. He is a member of the Masonic Order, Hillman Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Al Sirat Grotto, Loyal Order of Moose, Electric League, Automobile Club, and politically he votes independently. Mr. Hart married in October, 1907, at St. Louis, Jean Renault. Their two children, Dean and Allan, are both attending public school in Cleveland. JAMES W. WARWICK is one of the older coal operators whose home and activities are centered at Cleveland. He has been in the coal industry for over thirty years, beginning in Navarre, and later moving to Cleveland. Among other connections Mr. Warwick is known as vice president and treasurer of the Warwick Coal Company and is also vice president and treasurer of the Drake Coal Company and the Zettelmeyer Coal Company, the latter company he organized, all of Cleveland. A native of Ohio, he was born in Sugar Creek Township of Stark County June 28, 1864, son of Robert S. and Delilah (Watson) Warwick. Robert S. Warwick and his brother John G. came to the United States from Ireland. Robert S. was then eighteen years of age and after a brief experience at Philadelphia he went to Massillon, Ohio, and with his brother John G. entered the dry goods business. He continued in this business for many years until Robert Warwick had to retire on account of ill health. He then took up farming, and lived on a farm until his death in March, 1895. He and his wife had three sons: John G., named after his uncle, died in 1916, at the age of fifty-four ; Samuel R., who lives at Coshocton, Ohio, and is a locomotive engineer; and James W., who was the second in age. James W. Warwick was twelve years old 504 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS when his mother died. He was educated in the district schools, attended Mount Union College one term, also the Ohio Northern University at Ada, and supplemented his training by a commercial school course. From that he entered the coal business, and for five years, from 1882 to 1887, was connected with the Beaver Run Coal Company of Navarre, Ohio. In 1887 he came to Cleveland to open a local office for the Beaver Run Coal Company, and since that time his work has been largely as an independent operator. In 1889 he and Capt. J. M. Drake organized the Drake Coal Company, miners of steam and domestic coal, and has been vice president and treasurer of that organization ever since. In 1894 he was largely instrumental in organizing the Zettelmeyer Coal Company, of which he is now vice president. The Warwick Coal Company was organized by him in 1908, and he is its treasurer. In 1893 Mr. Warwick formed a partnership with Mr. Spellman at Canton, Ohio, under the name Warwick & Spellman, retail ice and coal dealers, and with that business Mr. Warwick is still identified as a partner. He is also president of the Warwick Company, a flour milling concern with plant at Massillon. He is a director of the City Ice Delivery Company of Cleveland, the largest ice firm doing business in Cleveland, and is a director of the Cleveland National Bank. Mr. Warwick is a member of the Union Club, Roadside Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Westwood Country Club, and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. October 18, 1898, he married Miss Mary Ellison of Cleveland. Mrs. Warwick was born at Canton, Ohio. Her father, Henry C. Ellison, who is a retired resident of Cleveland, was vice president and cashier of the State National Bank of Cleveland until it was absorbed by the First National Bank. Mrs. Warwick's mother, Isadore (Leek) Ellison, died in 1901. Mrs. Warwick finished her education at Dana Hall, 'Wellesley, Massachusetts, and is a cultured member of Cleveland society. At present she is giving much of her time to war work and is in charge of the assembling room of the Cleveland Red Cross. Mr. and Mrs. Warwick have one son, Henry Ellison Warwick, who was born in Cleveland September 7, 1904, and is now a student in the University School of Cleveland. The family reside at 1948 East Eighty-fourth Street. HON. JOHN C. HALE, now living retired at Cleveland, is a man of rarely interesting personality and for many years was a dignified and prominent figure in the Bench and Bar of Ohio. He was admitted to the bar at Cleveland, where he located more than sixty years ago, and his work as a lawyer and services as a judge have made his name familiar to two generations of the bar. Judge Hale was born at Orford, New Hampshire, March 3, 1831, and his ancestry is as rugged and thoroughly American as the granite hills from which he sprung. The Hales many generations ago lived in England. Thomas Hale was the founder of the American branch of the family and settled at Newbury-port, Massachusetts, in 1633. The great-grandfather of Judge Hale was Dr. John Hale, who died at Hollis, New Hampshire. He served with the rank of surgeon in the Revolutionary army. The grandfather, John Hale, was born at Hollis, New Hampshire, in 1755, and was also one of the patriots who bore arms with the colonists in their struggle for independence. After the war he devoted himself to farming and died at Orford, New Hampshire, in 1842. He married Lydia Tillotson, who spent all her life at Orford. The father of Judge Hale was Aaron Hale, who was born at Hollis, New Hampshire, in 1785, and when four years old was taken by his parents to Orford. He grew up and married there and gave his life to the strenuous task of wresting a living from the land of his native state. He died at Orford in 1869. In politics he affiliated with the Whigs during most of his active career. Aaron Hale married Mary Kent, who was born at Orford in 1798 and died there in 1892. Their children were: Jane, who married William Caverly, a farmer, and both died at Orford ; Aaron, who became a manufacturer and died at Cambridge, Massachusetts ; Rebecca, who married Emery Cushman, a broker, and both died at Cambridge; Sarah, who married Steadman Hanks, a Congregational minister, and both died at Cambridge; Thomas, who died at Cambridge, was long connected with the American Express Company ; the sixth of the family is Judge John C. Hale; Daniel was a farmer and lumber dealer and died at Orford; Edwin B. is an attorney with offices at Boston and home at Cambridge. John C. Hale acquired his preliminary training in the district schools of Orford. Like most sons of New England he had a college CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 505 education, and is a graduate of Dartmouth college with the degree A. B. and with the class of 1857. While at Dartmouth he was a member of the Alpha Delta Phi Social Fraternity and attained membership in the honorary Greek Letter Fraternity Phi Beta Kappa. In 1897, forty years after his graduation, Dartmouth College bestowed upon him the degree of LL. D. Judge Hale came to Cleveland in the year of his graduation, 1857, and for the next three years taught school. He also studied law and was admitted to the bar in 1861. From that year until 1883 Judge Hale had his home at Elyria, where he was prominent as a lawyer and in 1877 was judge of the Court of Common Pleas for one term of five years and resigned during his second term, in September, 1883. On leaving the bench he returned to Cleveland, and formed a partnership for practice with Judge W. W. Boynton. The firm of Boynton & Hale was one of the notable legal partnerships of the city until February, 1893, when it was dissolved and Judge Hale took his seat on the circuit bench of the Eighth District. Judge Hale served as circuit judge two terms„ twelve years, and since retiring from the bench has made no attempt to resume his practice. Besides his service as a judge he was for six years prosecuting attorney of Lorain County and sat as a delegate to the Constitutional Convention of 1872. He is a stanch republican and has affiliated with the party since its birth. Judge Hale's numerous friends now look for him chiefly at his home, a modern and comfortable residence in one of the choice districts of Cleveland, at 11333 Belleflower Road. Judge Hale married at Cleveland in 1859 Miss Carolina Sanborn, daughter of Moses and Esther (Kinsman) Sanborn. Her father was a merchant. Mrs. Hale died in 1903. EDMUND H. LUETKEMEYER. On another page of this publication will be found reference to the old established firm of The Luetkemeyer Company, wholesale hardware merchants, at Cleveland, one of the principal organizations of its kind in Northern Ohio. Various members of the Luetkemeyer family have contributed their energies and abilities to the upbuilding of this concern, and one of the present day partners is Edmund H. Luetkemeyer, who is a son of the founder of the business, the late Henry William Luetkemeyer. At Cleveland Edmund H. Luetkemeyer was born June 11, 1862, and he had a thorough education in the public schools of this city. He and his brother Gustave W. entered their father's store about the same time. They were eventually taken into the firm of H. W. Luetkemeyer & Sons, and when the present business of The Luetkemeyer Company was incorporated Gustave W. became president and Edmund H. vice president. Edmund H. Luetkemeyer also has bank and other business interests and has for many years been an active member on the Interurban Freight Committee of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. His knowledge of Cleveland extends back almost half a century. When he was a boy he frequently went out on the sand piles around the then limits of the city, where the wild pigeons were so thick that they could be killed with a club. One of his early experiences, when he was serving an apprenticeship in his father's business was to demonstrate the efficiency of a new type of reaping machine on. the old Haycox farm at Cleveland Heights. The field on which the machine cut the grain on that day now lies along the Fairmount Boulevard. Another task was that of setting up farming machines for the Shakers at their settlement on what is now known as Shaker Heights. To Mr. Luetkemeyer it is not so long ago, as he reckons time, when he hunted on Pryor's farm, now included within the city limits, and while he killed some real game, the fact is particularly impressed upon his memory by the shooting of an enormous white owl. Much of Mr. Luetkemeyer's leisure from business was formerly spent on the water, yachting, a sport of which he is still very fond. However, his chief interest in the line of recreation has been in saddle horses. He has owned some of the finest saddle horses in the country, and their records find a visible testimony in some of the blue ribbons which were awarded them and which he still keeps as prize trophies. His most restful pastime for leisure hours he now finds on his country estate, Twin Maples, at Mentor, Ohio. Mr. Luetkemeyer was president of the Country Auto Club during its existence and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic Club, and Cleveland Yacht. Club. July 23, 1908, he married Mathilde Junge, a native of Cleveland, and a daughter of Herman Junge, a pioneer furniture manufacturer for Ohio, Indiana, West Virginia and Pennsylvania, who died in 1895. 506 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Mrs. Luetkemeyer is well known in the East for her publications of verses and short novellettes. Mr. and Mrs. Luetkemeyer have one daughter, Ruth. HOWARD MELVILLE HANNA, JR., is one of the partners of M. A. Hanna & Company, a director and officer in a dozen or more of the big coal, transportation and other corporations of Cleveland and elsewhere, and is one of the younger representatives of a family that for more than half a century has been exceedingly prominent in business and politics in Ohio and the nation. This branch of the Hanna family is directly descended from Thomas Hanna, who emigrated from the north of Ireland in 1764 and settled in Southern Pennsylvania, some of his descendants living in Virginia. Benjamin Hanna, great-grandfather of H. M. Hanna, Jr., was born at Lynchburg, Virginia, June 14, 1779, and in 1802 went as a pioneer to Columbiana County, Ohio. Columbiana County was the birthplace of Dr. Leonard Hanna, who was born March 4, 1806. For many years he was a country physician with a good practice, was also associated with his father in conducting a country store, and was a man of considerable wealth. Dr. Leonard Hanna moved to Cleveland in 1852, and was engaged in the wholesale grocery business until his death in 1862. Dr. Leonard Hanna was the father of H. Melville Hanna, Sr., and of the late Hon. Marcus A. Hanna, whose achievements in business and politics will always give his name an outstanding position in the history of Ohio and the nation. H. Melville Hanna, Sr., was born at Lisbon, Ohio, January 23, 1840, and lived there until the family went to Cleveland in 1852. He was educated partly in Cleveland and is a graduate of Union College, near Schenectady, New York. In 1861 he enlisted in the United States Navy and for four years was in the service of the United States. He was with Farragut on the Mississippi and at Mobile, Alabama, and in the last weeks of the war was stationed at Richmond, Virginia. After the war he returned to Cleveland and for a short period was engaged in the shipping business. Later he became one of the pioneers in the oil business and finally sold his interests to the Standard Oil Company. On account of ill health he retired for a season, but later bought the controlling interest in the Globe Iron Works, and was one of the active managers of that big industry until it was merged with the American Ship Building Company. He is now living retired at Thomasville, Georgia. He married at Hartford, Connecticut, Miss Kate Smith, who was born in that city October 22, 1844. They have had four children, the youngest, Leonard, dying in infancy. The daughter Gertrude married Mr. Coburn Haskell, who is known to fame as the inventor of the rubber golf ball that bears his name. The Haskell family live on Lake Shore Boulevard and also have a home at Thomasville, Georgia_ The second daughter, Kate, married R. L. Ireland, who in 1917 retired from membership in the M. A. Hanna & Company. The Irelands reside both in Cleveland and Thomasville. The third member of the family is H. M. Hanna, Jr. Howard Melville Hanna, Jr., was born at Cleveland December 14, 1877. He was educated in the public schools, graduated from the University School of Cleveland in 1897, and then spent three years in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. In 1901 Mr. Hanna began his business career at the C. & P. Ore Dock in Cleveland, taking his place in the ranks and earning promotion as he merited. In 1902 he was assistant to the manager of the Pennsylvania Ore Docks, with offices in the Perry-Payne Building. Following that for two years he was secretary of the Boomer Coal & Coke Company of West Virginia, and then entered the coal sales department of M. A. Hanna & Company. In 1906 he organized the Iron Ore Mining Department of the M. A. Hanna & Company, was its active manager, and since November, 1911, has been a member of that great business corporation. M. A. Hanna & Company are general sales agents for iron ore, pig iron, bituminous and anthracite coal and coke, control extensive transportation interests on the Great Lakes, and altogether they have the largest and most complete organization of the kind in the United States. The active partners of the firm are : L. C. Hanna and L. C. Hanna, Jr., H. M. Hanna, Jr., M. Andrews, F. B. Richards, William Collins, R. F. Grant and J. D. Ireland. Outside of his partnership with this firm, the many other business interests that engage the time and attention of H. M. Hanna, Jr., are briefly noted as follows: Member of the board and executive committee of the Republic Iron & Steel Company ; director of the National Biscuit Company ; director of the Howe CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 507 Sound Company ; director of the Kelly Island Lime & Transport Company of Cleveland; member of the executive committee of the Guardian Savings & Trust Company ; director of the First National Bank ; president of the Wakefield Iron Company, one of the large iron ore producing corporations; president of the Detroit Iron & Steel Company ; president of the Paint Creek Coal Mining Company ; vice president of the Susquehanna Collieries Company. Mr. Hanna is a member of the Union Club; Country Club, Tavern Club, Mayfield Club, the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club of Cleveland, Metropolitan Club of New York City, Racquet and Tennis Club of New York City, New York Yacht Club, Yale Club of New York City, Brook and Snake Society of Sheffield Scientific School and a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is a republican. Mr. Hanna's city home is at 11505 Lake Shore Boulevard and Eddy Road, and he also owns a farm and country place near Willoughby. Ohio, and a shooting lodge at Thomasville, Georgia. In 1907, at Thomasville, Georgia, Mr. Hanna married Miss Jean Claire Hanna, daughter of L. C. and Fannie (Mann) Hanna. Her father is a member of the firm M. A. Hanna & Company. Her mother is deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Hanna have five children : Fannie Mann, born December 6, 1907 ; Howard Melville, III, born February 19, 1909 ; Jean, born May 9, 1910; Kate Benedict, born June 25, 1911, and Constance, born August 12, 1913. FRANKLIN B. MEADE. It has only been within the last two decades that Cleveland has developed an architecture worthy of the name and of the importance and prestige of the city. As a result of many influences, directed by an increased appreciation and demand for the artistic in. the exterior aspects of the Forest City, a new order has been brought about, both in the districts where commercialism reigns supreme and in those portions of the city where individual taste has greater latitude. At the present time the improvement of the city's buildings of every class is being given impetus by the Group Plan, which it is expected will be a great and important factor in making the ideal of beauty a constant and more effective influence in Cleveland's growth and upbuilding. One of the men chosen for this important work, whose eminent ability as an architect and planner of landscapes has given him wide reputation and gained him well-merited recognition, is Franklin B. Meade. Mr. Meade was born at Norwalk, Ohio, January 6, 1867, a son of Alfred N. Meade, also a native of the Buckeye State. Alfred N. Meade, who was a graduate of Wesleyan College, served as a captain of the One Hundred Twenty-eighth Regiment, Ohio Volunteer Infantry, during the Civil war, at the close of which struggle he came to Cleveland and engaged in the lumber business, an industry which occupied his attention until his death at the age of sixty-seven years, in 1903. The mother of Franklin B. Meade bore the maiden name of Mattie M. Morse. It was during a visit of his parents to Norwalk that Franklin B. Meade was born, but Cleveland has been his home throughout his entire career, save when business interests have taken him elsewhere. He continued his education in the public schools until he was graduated from the Central High School with the class of 1884, after which he entered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and was graduated from that institution in 1888. While there he became a member of the Sigma Chi Fraternity. After the completion of his course he spent four years at Chicago with the firm of. Jenney & Mundie, office building architects, that he might supplement his theoretical training by practical experience and further study. In the fall of 1893, however, he returned to Cleveland and opened an office for the practice of his profession, in which he has since continued; making a specialty of residences and country clubs of the highest clans, but also doing architectural work on factories and office buildings. Mr. Meade is a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and is keenly interested in all that pertains to the advancement of his profession. Ile has confined his attention almost entirely to his chosen calling and important contracts have been awarded him in this connection. The high standing which he enjoys as an architect was evidenced when he was appointed to fill the vacancy occasioned by the death of the noted Mr. Carrare, of New York, at which time he was made a member and secretary of the commission appointed for its consummation, his associates in this important work being Frederick Law Olmstead, of Boston, and Arnold Brunner, of New York. This plan has for its object the grouping of the public buildings, including the Post Office, Public Library, Court House, City 508 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Hall and Union Depot on East Third Street and separated by the parks and proposed sunken gardens. The firm of Meade & Hamilton specializes in fine residence buildings and club houses, and it will serve a good purpose in calling attention to their architectural ideals by present. ing a partial list of some of the better known homes in and around Cleveland of which they were architects. The following are in Euclid Heights: H. P. Wells, Hermon A. Kelley, Mrs. J. F. Rust, J. J. Parker, W. H. Warner, T. P. Robbins, W. H. Lamprecht, D. W. Brooks, W. C. Saeger, Myron T. Herrick, Judge Hale, John Sherwin, T. H. Hogsett, B. E. Miller, Colonel Smith, V. P. Kline, W. E. Steinwedell, A. R. Davis, W. D. 13. Alexander, J. G. W. Cowles, Dr. Gordon, H. L. Cross, C. E. Adams, Patrick Calhoun, F. B. Richards, Paul Feiss, W. B. Jackson. On Euclid Avenue are: Frank E. Drury, Mrs. W. D. Rees, John J. Stanley, H. G. Otis, N. L. Denby, George Welch, Doctor Lincoln, Kenyon V. Painter, Henry White, Whitney Warner, D. Connelly. Residences in Shaker Heights are: C. A. Grasselli, F. S. Borton, Jos. R. Kraus, A. H. Diebold, C. K. Chisholm, Rollin H. White, W. E. Crofut, B. L. Britton, W. D. B. Alexander, W. T. Cashman, W. L. Robinson, C. N. Landon, Ira H. Baker. The following are in Wade Park : J. C. McHannan, M. B. Grover, A. E. Cummer, Prof. A. S. Wright, Prof. John Dickerman, Frank Mulhauser, E. R.. Grasselli, A. A. Augustus, A. A. Waycott, Meyer Weil, Justin Sholes, S. E. Brooks, Chas. F. Reynolds, P. H. Withington, H. A. Harris, J. M. Sheets, Emil Joseph, A. A. Steans, A. A. Weiner, R. Ziesing, S. D. Weil, T. H. Brooks, Mrs. H. G. Otis. They have also erected a number of the finer homes on Lake Shore Boulevard, at Clifton Park, at Willoughby, and their work as architects is also exemplified by numerous fine homes in Detroit, Youngstown, Ohio, Buffalo and Erie, Pennsylvania. They are architects of the club houses of the Shaker Lakes Club at Shaker Heights, the Mayfield Club, the Erie Club, the Elks Club, and the Kawkwa Club at Erie, Pennsylvania, and of the Carnegie Library at East Cleveland. Mr. Meade was married November 3, 1898, at Trinity Cathedral, England, to Miss Dora Rucker, who is an accomplished musician and prominent in social circles of Cleveland. They reside a No. 7122 Euclid Avenue. In politics Mr. Meade is a republican where national issues are involved, but votes independently at municipal elections. He is an active and valued member of the Chamber of Commerce and vice president of the Cleveland Chapter of the American Institute of Architects. Fond of outdoor life, he is equally ardent in his love of music, especially of the violin, of which instrument he is a master and which furnishes him with much of his recreation. Reis also well known in club circles, being one of the organizers of the Hermit Club, of which he has been the president since its inception. He likewise belongs to the Union, Roadside and Mayfield of Cleveland, and the Erie and Lambs Clubs of New York, and his personal qualities make him popular in these organizations. WILLIAM J. VAN AKEN. The pride and boast of Cleveland's residential section is Shaker Heights, a suburban district where the hand of man and the power of money have served to improve and adorn a wonderful natural topography and effect what many authorities pronounce, even now when the course of development is not complete, a home town of rarest atmosphere, environment and facilities and conveniences of city life. One of the men who have taken a prominent part in recent years in the platting and development and sale of that district is William J. Van Aken, a resident of Shaker Heights, and especially well known to the community as its mayor. His city offices are in the Vickers Building. Mr. Van Aken was born October 29, 1884, in what was then East Cleveland. His father, John Van Aken. was born in Holland in 1838, was reared and educated there, and about 1863 came to Cleveland. He was a farmer near the city, and finally moved out to North Dakota, where he developed a claim and where he died in 1893, near Glenfullen. He was a democrat in politics. John Van Aken married Mary Dier Henk. She was born in Cleveland in 1848 and is still living there. William J. Van Aken is the only living child of his parents. His mother was a widow when she married his father. Her first husband was Fred Henk, a quarryman at East Cleveland who died in this city. Their children were: Katherine Henk, who lives in Cleveland, widow of Henry Schoyer, a farmer: Anna and Helen, both unmarried and living in Cleveland. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 509 William Dier, maternal grandfather of William J. Van Aken, was born in Germany in 1825 and after his marriage came to America and settled on a farm near Cleveland, where he lived until his death in 1885. He married a Miss Engle. William J. Van Aken was educated in the public schools of Cleveland, graduating from the Central High School in 1903. He at once took up a business career and for thirteen years was connected with the National Malleable Castings Company in their offices in Cleveland. He went to work as office boy, was promoted to accountant, and served them faithfully and to the extent of his abilities at that time. With this experience he entered the real estate field in 1916, and for four months was connected with the firm of Green, Cadwallader & Long, the firm representing the Van Sweringen interests at Cleveland and Shaker Heights. After four months Mr. Van Aken engaged in real estate business for himself. and is now platting and developing Shaker Heights properties. He is serving a second term as mayor of Shaker Heights. Mr. Van Aken is independent in politics, is a member of the Catholic Church, and is affiliated with Gilmour Council of the Knights of Columbus. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Automobile Club. In a business way he is also director of the Cooperative Investment Company. In October, 1911, at Cleveland, he married Miss Florence Swallow, daughter of Fred and Anna Swallow, of Cleveland. Her father is connected with the White Company here. Mr. and Mrs. Van Aken have four children: William R., born December 1, 1912; Florence, born May 4, 1914; Marion. born April 13, 1916; and Jean, born July 2, 1917. DR. WILLIAM EDGAR LOWER, son of Henry and Mary (Deeds) Lower, was born in Canton, Ohio, in 1867. He was educated in the public schools and in Ohio Northern University. In 1891 he received the degree of M. D. from the Medical School of the University of Wooster. Throughout his professional life Doctor Lower has been identified with Cleveland hospitals. He was a resident in the university and city hospitals; visiting surgeon at St. Alexis Hospital; visiting surgeon of the White Hospital, Ravenna, from 1902 to 1917; visiting surgeon for the Lutheran Hospital, Cleveland, since 1897 ; and has been identified with Lakeside Hospital since 1903, first as lecturer then as associate surgeon in charge of genito-urinary surgery the position he now holds. Upon the opening of Mt. Sinai Hospital in 1915 he was appointed its director of surgery. In addition to his hospital connections Doctor Lower has had the following university appointments: Lecturer on Genito-Urinary Surgery, Wooster University, 1898-1899; in Western Reserve University, Demonstrator of Surgery, 1901-1904, Lecturer on Genito-Urinary Surgery, 1904-1910, Assistant Professor of Genito-Urinary Surgery, 1910-1914, Associate Professor of Genito-Urinary Surgery since 1914. Doctor Lower is identified with the leading professional organizations of the country; is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons; of the American Physical Association ; of the American Medical Association ; a member of the Society of Clinical Surgery ; the Interurban Surgical Association ; the American Association of Genito-Urinary Surgery ; and of the American Urological Society. He has also served as president of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine; of the Ohio State Medical Association ; and of the American Urological Association. Doctor Lower's first military service was given in 1900, when he went to Philippines as Acting Assistant Surgeon, United States Army. In May. 1917, Doctor Lower with the rank of Major, M. R. C., sailed for France as the Assistant Director of Surgical Service in the Lakeside Unit, the first unit of the United States Army in active service abroad after the declaration of war. With that unit he served in a hospital in the British Line until his return home in May, 1918, his return from active service in France having been requested on account of the need for his services in the university and hospital at home. In December, 1917, Major Lower was appointed the commanding officer of No. 9 General Hospital, B. E. K, where the Lakeside Unit is in service, an appointment which he held until his return to this country. On June 6, 1918, he was promoted to the rank of lieutenant colonel, N. A. Doctor Lower is the author of many articles which have been published in various medical journals, and is a co-author with Dr. George W. Crile of " Anoci-Association" published by W. B. Saunders Company. 510 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS In 1909 Doctor Lower married Mabel Freeman of Worcester, Massachusetts. Doctor and Mrs. Lower have one child, a daughter. WILSON B. HICKOX. Among the younger generation of business men of Cleveland are found comparatively few who have not had some practical training along the line in which they are at present engaged, for this is a practical age and in the face of mighty competition every business enterprise must, in order to succeed, have ripened experience as well as ample capital. Merchandising is a heavy factor in the city's commercial life and prosperity and one of the prospering firms in the iron and steel line is the Hamill-Hickox Company, of which Wilson B. Hickox is secretary and treasurer. Wilson B. Hickox belongs to one of the old and snbstantial families of this part of Ohio and extended mention of the same may be found in the sketch of his father, Frank H. Hickox. lie was born at Cleveland, November 1, 1883, and was graduated from the city schools in 1902. He then entered Yale College and in 1905 was graduated from the Yale Scientific School. When he returned to Cleveland he accepted a clerical position with the Bourne-Fuller Company, steel and iron merchants, and remained with that house for five years in other and more important capacities, becoming in the meanwhile well acquainted with the details of this business. His next business connection was with the Adams-Bagnall Electric Company, of which he became assistant secretary, later secretary and still later vice president, a position he still fills. In 1915 Mr. Hickox took upon himself further business responsibilities in the organization of the Hamill-Hickox Company, merchants in iron and steel and railway supplies, of which he is secretary and treasurer. The Hamill-Hickox Company are agents for the following great business combinations: the Central Steel Company; the Buda Company of Chicago, manufacturers of railway supplies; the Dilworth Porter Company of Pittsburgh, manufacturers of railway spikes and plates; the Buckeye Rolling Mill. of Steubenville, Ohio; Hubbard & Company, of Pittsburgh ; and the National Waste Company, of Chicago. Additionally Mr. Hickox is a director in the following bodies: The Litchfield Company, the dams-Bagnall Electric Company, the Bankers Guarantee Mortgage Company, and the Enamel Products Company. As will he seen the scope of his business inter ests is wide and business perplexities at times must require the keenest of business acumen to satisfactorily overcome, but if Mr. Hickox did not possess unusual capacities in this direction it is not probable that he would occnpy the foremost place that he does in commercial life. Mr. Hickox was married at Cleveland, October 12, 1912, to Miss Martha C. Calhoun, who is a daughter of Patrick Calhoun, a well known railway magnate. They have three children: Charles, who was born September 17, 1913; Martha Ann, who was born June 12, 1915; and Sallie Calhoun, who was born March 3, 1917. In his political choice Mr. Hickox is a republican but in everyday life, when questions arise of national importance, he is liberal-minded enough to set aside all partisan feeling and give hearty assistance to movements of which his own good judgment can approve. He is a valued member of such representative social bodies as the Union, the Tavern, the Country and the Chagrin Valley Hunt clubs. With his family he belongs to the Episcopal Church. Pertsonally Mr. Hickox gives the impression of being a man of poise and resolution and his reputation in business and among his fellow citizens credits him with unusual ability and strict integrity. OWEN MEREDITH MASON. One of the most progressive organizations in the rubber industry of Ohio is the Mason Tire & Rubber Company. Its main plant and headquarters are at Kent, Ohio. The active officials of this company are several Mason brothers, all of them possessed of a superabundance of push and enterprise with demonstrated ability to carry through to success a business that meets as strenuous competition as any other industry in the modern field. The president and financial head of the company is Owen Meredith Mason of Cleveland. Mr. Mason was born at Carrollton, Kentucky, March 23, 1892. He is of English ancestry. His grandfather was a capable physician at Leeds, England. and came to the United States in 1840, settling at Carrollton, Kentucky, where he practiced medicine until his death. D. N. Mason, father of Owen M., was born at Carrollton, Kentucky, in 1859, spent much of his life there as a merchant, and in 1898 removed to St. Louis, where he was engaged in the insurance business until his death in 1910. He was a democrat in politics and an active supporter of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 511 Methodist Episcopal Church. He wail affiliated with the Masonic Order. D. N. Mason married Mae Righter, who was born at Helena, Arkansas, in 1864, and is now living in Cleveland. A brief record of their children names the responsible directing heads of the Mason Tire & Rubber Company: Jewelle is the wile of R. W. McKinnon, of Kent, Ohio, Mr. McKinnon being secretary of the Mason Tire & Rubber Company; D. N., Jr., lives at Cleveland and is vice president of the company; D. M. is general manager and treasurer of the company and lives at Kent; Owen M. is the fourth of the children; and Ruth lives with her brother Owen in Cleveland. Owen M. Mason was educated in the public Schools of Des Moines, Iowa, attending high school there to the age of sixteen. He then went to Chicago and for five years worked in banks of that city. Going to Toledo, Mr. Mason was identified with a tire company in that city until 1915, when with his associates he established the Mason Tire & Rubber Company at Kent. He has been president of the company from the beginning and in 1917 removed to Cleveland and opened the financial offices of the company in this city in the Leader-News Building. The output of the Mason Tire & Rubber Company is so widely advertised and extensively used as to require no further mention. The market for their goods extends all over the United States, Canada and South America. Mr. Mason is a republican voter, a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is affiliated with the Masonic Order. He is unmarried. FRANK H. MORSE. One of the better known business houses of Cleveland is the Morse & Sons Company, jobbers in steel products, at 1881 East Eighty-seventh Street. The president of the company is Frank H. Morse, who came to Cleveland in 1906 after an extended business training and experience in the East, and soon engaged in the business of handling steel as a jobber. Mr. Morse was born at the old family home at Wallingford, Connecticut, November 21, 1857. Several generations of the family have had their home at Wallingford. The family is English and were colonial settlers in Connecticut. Some of them served in the colonial wars and also the Revolution, and Mr. Frank H. Morse is eligible to membership in the Patriotic Sons. including descendants of those who fought in the Revolution and the colonial Vol. III-32 wars. Emery Morse, father of Frank H.. Morse, was born at Wallingford in 1836 and died there in 1908. In a business way he was at first a butcher and later a real estate broker. He was also well known for his activity in local politics and as a prominent member of the Episcopal Church. He served as town selectman, and was once a candidate for the Legislature. Emery Morse married Frances Cook, who was born at Wallingford in 1834 and died there in 1888. Their children were: George W., who died at Cleveland in 1910 and was president of the Pariah & Bingham Company, manufacturers of automobile parts; Frank H.; Ernest C., who died at Wallingford in May, 1908, a baker by trade; Clifton C., who for fourteen years was with the Fairweather & Ladeau Company, a rubber concern, and died of pneumonia in 1907, at his home in the Park Avenue Hotel, New York City; Carleton E., a twin brother of Clifton, died in infancy. Frank H. Morse was educated in the public schools of Wallingford and graduated from the Cook Academy at Clinton, Connecticut, in 1877. After completing his schooling he went to work for the Empire Pottery Company of Clinton, New Jersey, and was with that business for twenty years, finally being promoted to sales manager. Mr. Morse on coming to Cleveland in 1906 was for three years purchasing agent for the Parish & Bingham Company. He then established his present business in handling sheet steel, both black and galvanized, and in April, 1913, the business was incorporated as the Morse & Son Company. Mr. Morse is president and treasurer, his son H. V. Morse is manager and vice president, the secretary is F. A. Gauger, while the other directors are his wife, Mrs. A. M. Morse, and his daughters, F. C. and C. M. Morse. Mr. Morse is a life member of the Cleveland Museum of Art and a member of the New England Society of Cleveland. In politics he votes as an old line republican. He is affiliated with Babcock Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, at Cleveland, Mount Olive Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templars, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine and Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite. He was formerly affiliated with the Woodmen of the World, the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He is active in the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and is a member of the Pittsburgh Athletic Club at Pittsburgh. 512 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Mr. Morse is also president of the Multi-Luxe Illuminating Company of Cleveland. On December 27, 1883, at Wallingford, Connecticut, he married Miss Annie M. Steele, daughter of Elijah and Margaret (Vervalen) Steele. Her father was a stationary engineer. Both her parents are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Morse have an interesting family of children. The oldest, Harold V., is a graduate of the high school at Melrose, Massachusetts, and is manager and vice president of the Morse & Sons Company. The daughter Frances C. is a graduate of the East High School at Cleveland, of the Woman's College of Western Reserve University, and did special work in Sargent's School and is a graduate of physical culture at Boston. She is now physical culture teacher in the East High School of Cleveland. The other daughter, Catherine M., also a director in the Morse & Son Company, graduated from East High School, spent one year in the Woman's College of Western Reserve University, and specialized in vocal and instrumental music at Oberlin College Conservatory. E. LOUIS NICHOLSON is owner of the Nicholson Ship Log Manufacturing Company, is president of the Nicholson Realty Company and by his own and his family interests is identified with Cleveland and vicinity by a number of historic ties and associations. He was born at Lakewood, Ohio, November 24, 1870. It was more than a century ago when in 1812 his grandfather, James Nicholson, who was born at Barnstable, Massachusetts, in 1780, brought his family to Lakewood, Ohio, which was then quite distinct from the Village of Cleveland, which had only a few houses. He located on the west aide of the Cuyahoga River and only two houses stood between that stream and the Rocky River. He bought a considerable tract of land from the Western Reserve Company, and the deeds were made out in due form by the state treasurer of Connecticut. The rest of his life he lived on this land as a farmer, and he witnessed the growth around him of the Village of Lakewood, where he died in 1859. In coming west he had walked the entire distance from Connecticut. He saw some service during the War of 1812. James Nicholson married Betsey Bartholomew, who was born at Waterbury, Connecticut, and died at Lakewood, Ohio. Ezra Nicholson, father of E. Louis, was one of the prominent men of his day in Cuyahoga County. He was born in what is now Lakewood February 8, 1835, and spent all life in that one community. He died January 15, 1915, when nearly eighty years old. As a boy his education came from the district schools and later he attended school at Cleveland. He lived on the home farm, and on the division of this property he inherited the homestead. He came to own 365 acres right in the heart of the present Town of Lakewood, and now practically all built over as a residence section. When the Village of Lakewood came into existence he served as its first clerk. He was always prominent in the community and did much to promote its development. In 1893 he laid out the Nicholson allotment of Lakewood, which was rapidly improved and by means of which the original Nicholson farm was cut up and sold for building lots. Thus for many years Ezra Nicholson had many responsibilities in connection with real estate. He was also prominent in lake transportation circles. In 1885 he became a member of the Cleveland firm of Johnson & Palmer, lake vessel owners, and after that was identified with the remarkable progress in vessel construction and operation which has done so much to advance the City- of Cleveland. Marine men all over the world appreciate the originality and inventive genius of the late Ezra Nicholson. He devised the Nicholson recording ship log, a device for recording the speed of vessels. It was the first practical instrument. of the kind, and no one so far has ever proved a serious competitor of its advantages. Ezra Nicholson patented it in the United States and in all other maritime countries. Its many obvious merits soon secured for it extensive introduction, and it was officially adopted by the United States Government for the battleships and other vessels of the navy. Ezra Nicholson also invented the Nicholson distance and range finders, which has • become a valuable adjunct for coast navigation. To control, produce and supply his patented inventions Ezra Nicholson organized the Nicholson Company, a Cleveland concern, in which his two sons joined him as partners. This business is now the Nicholson Ship Log Manufacturing Company, owned by his son E. Louis. Ezra Nicholson was a republican and daring the war was member of a home guard regiment known as the Squirrel Hunters, whose chief active service was in repelling the Morgan raiders from Cincinnati. In religion he was a Swedenborgian. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 513 Ezra Nicholson married in 1863 Alice Fowles, a native of Wisconsin. She died at Lakewood in 1912. She was the mother of five children: Alfred, who died at the age of seven years; James, who died in infancy ; Eloise, wife of C. L. Thompson, who is manager of the Susquehanna Coal Company and live at Erie, Pennsylvania; E. Louis; and C. P., who is an oil promoter and has leases and acre property in the oil fields of Oklahoma, but lives at Lakewood. Mr. E. Louis Nicholson was born at Lakewood November 24, 1870, was educated in the public schools, the high school at Lakewood, and at the age of nineteen, when his education was finished, he entered business with l.is father in handling the latter's extensive property and real estate. The two were closely associated in business affairs until the father s death. Since 1901 Mr. Nicholson has also had much of the responsibilities of management and direction of the business manufacturing the Nicholson Recording Ship Log. His business offices are in the Beekman Building. Mr. Nicholson has considerable real estate in Lakewood, including the old homestead at 13335 Detroit Avenue. He is president of the Nicholson Realty Company, and is a stockholder in the Farmer Manufacturing Company. Mr. Nicholson is a member of the Rotary Club, Cleveland Athletic Club, Clifton Club, and in politics is an independent republican. He married in 1898, at Lakewood, Miss Josephine D. Sook, daughter of Dr. H. L. and Sarah Sook, both now deceased. Her father was oue of the first homeopathic physicians to practice at Lakewood. Mr. and Mrs. Nicholson have one son, Ezra Karlon, born May 23, 1900, and now in the freshman class of the Ohio State University. HUGH F. LOWRY. Railroad experience covering more than a half century is the notable record of Hugh F. Lowry, one of the Pennsylvania Company's most reliable and valued employes. Mr. Lowry has spent the greater part of his busy life at Cleveland, for the past fifty-two years in railroad work, but prior to that he had visited Illinois and had found a measure of satisfaction in loyally serving a term of enlistment in the Federal army in 1864. Hugh F. Lowry was born in East Cleveland, Ohio, July 20, 1848. His parents were Heigh and Mary (Paddock) Lowry. His father, Hugh Lowry, was born in 1800, at Erie, Pennsylvania, and died at Cleveland in the year of his youngest son's birth. When a young man Hugh Lowry went to Ashtabula, Ohio, where he established and for some time conducted a weekly newspaper, moving then to East Cleveland, where his death occurred shortly afterward. He was always a defender of the principles of the democratic party. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity, and through word and example proved his sincere belief in the religious body to which he belonged. Hugh Lowry was married to Mary Paddock, who survived him, her death occurring at Cleveland in 1892. She was born in 1802, at East Haddam, Connecticut. They had six children, namely : Mary, who was the wife of A. Doolittle, died in Michigan ; Albert H., who is a retired farmer, lives at Dallas, Illinois; Charles E., who is a retired farmer, lives at Bedford, Ohio; Mrs. Hattie A. Douglas, a widow, who now resides at Vancouver, Canada; Henry E., who was a soldier in the One Hundred Twenty-fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry in the Civil war, lost his life at Chickamauga; end Hugh F. An infant when his father died, Hugh F. Lowry has no recollection of this parent. He was carefully reared by a devoted mother and given every advantage possible under the circumstances. Although only fourteen years old when he left school, he had already taken high school instruction and had developed a leaning toward newspaper life, and thus, when his brother Albert H. Lowry decided to go to Chicago to work for the Chicago Tribune he accompanied him and both youths were in the employ of that great journal for six months. Hugh F., however, returned then to Cleveland, and in 1864 he enlisted in answer to the o all of the President for 100-day men for special service, and for the four months following was on guard duty at Bladensburg, Maryland, protecting Washington, District of Columbia. Mr. Lowry returned then to Cleveland and started to work as a clerk in the Cleveland and Pittsburg Division of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, and has climbed step by step through the different departments until he became chief clerk, and since 1902 has been division freight agent, a position of great responsibility and a just reward for so many years of faithful service. In September, 1918, this period will have covered fifty-four years. Mr. Lawry has been the architect of his own fortunes and hips success emphasises the value of persevering industry and provident saving 514 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and illustrated how unswerving loyalty and fidelity to trusts imposed are not often overlooked, but find acknowledgment and also bring a large measure of personal contentment. Mr. Lowry was married in 1870, at Cleveland, to Miss Helen Marr, a daughter of John and Elizabeth (Perry) Marr, both of whom are deceased. Formerly John Marr was an adjuster for several New York City insurance companies. Mrs. Lowry died at Cleveland :o 1913, survived by three children: Mary, who resides with her father; Grace, who is the wife of R. R. Hamilton, who is a broker in business in Chicago, Illinois; and Charles A., who resides on Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, and is general manager and treasurer of the Auld-Conger Company. He married Miss Louise Auld, who is a daughter of David Auld, one of Cleveland's capitalists. Mr. Lowry politically is in sympathy with the independent wing of the democratic party. He belongs to Iris Lodge, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons, and belongs to the Union, the Athletic and the Transportation clubs of Cleveland and the Transportation Club of Chicago, in all these organizations finding not only pleasant passing acquaintances but warm personal friends of many years' standing. He belongs to the Episcopal Church and through this medium finds an outlet for a naturally generous temperament, but his church contributions by no means cover all his gifts to benevolent objects or worthy enterprises. He owns some realty at Cleveland, including his comfortable residence on Rosemont Road. WILLIAM CHARLES ALPERS, who died at his home 7610 Linwood Avenue, N. W., in Cleveland February 20, 1917, was a distinguished chemist, and as a pharmacist was at one time president of the American Pharmaceutical Association, and for three years before his death had been dean of the Cleveland School of Pharmacy of Western Reserve University. He was born at Harburg, Germany, July 7, 1851, son of Julius and Elise (Nonnenkamp) Alpers. He was educated at Hanover, receiving the Bachelor of Science degree from the Polytechnic Institute of that city, and later studied natural science and mathematics in the University of Goettingen. Before completing his university studies he was called to active military service in the Franco-Prussian war, and was engaged in twenty battles and so distinguished himself as to be decorated with the Iron Cross. In 1872, soon after that war, he came to America and for a number of years was a teacher in St. Matthew's Academy at New York. From 1879 to 1897 he conducted a pharmacy at Bayonne, New Jersey, and in the meantime studied in the New York College of Pharmacy and after a post-graduate course at the University of New York was awarded the degree Doctor of Science in chemistry in 1890. From 1897 to 1899 he was conductor of Merck's Chemical and Bacteriological Laboratory, and in 1901 became president of the Alpers Chemical Company. In 1902 he established Alpers Pharmacy on Broadway in New York City, said to have been the most elaborate store of its kind in the city. Doctor Alpers came to Cleveland in 1913 and besides his work as dean of the School of Pharmacy he became prominent in many other organizations, especially those of the Civic League, the City Club, and the local German societies. Mr. Alpers was at one time editor of the Druggists News, published in the German language at New York. He was member of the State Board of Pharmacy of New Jersey from 1893 to 1897, member of the American Chemical Society, Society of Chemical Industry of London, the New York Pharmaceutical Association, the American Geographic Society, and was conducting a body of American Pharmacists through Europe in 1914 when the war cut short the journey. October 29, 1885, Doctor Alpers married Bertha Guder, of New York. In 1910 he married Miss M. Van Damm, who survives him. Doctor Alpers was the father of six children. HON. THOMAS M. KENNEDY has continuously served as a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Cuyahoga County seventeen years. Thirty years a lawyer, most of his active career has been spent in public office, and doubtless the most significant thing that could be mentioned as proof of his ability, integrity and faithfulness is the fact that amid the fluctuations that govern American public life Judge Kennedy has never been defeated for a single public office for which he has been a candidate. Judge Kennedy was born in Ireland May 26, 1860, a son of John and Sarah (Costelloe) Kennedy. He has spent most of his life in America and began his career in the humble role of blacksmith. Realizing that his gift of intellectual powers fitted him for important duties, he improved and created the oppor- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 515 tunities which enabled him to graduate from the Western Reserve Academy at Hudson, Ohio, and in 1888 to receive the degree LL. B. from the 'Western Reserve University Law School. During the thirteen years that he was a lawyer he served as prosecuting attorney and police court judge and in 1901 was elected judge of the Court of Common Pleas. Judge Kennedy is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the Elks, Eagles, and Knights of Columbus orders, and is also a member of the college fraternity Beta Theta Psi and Theta Nu Epsilon. Judge Kennedy is married and has five children. EDWARD PARKER BURRELL is works manager for the Warner & Swasey Company of Cleveland, has held that position since 1909, and prior to that for nine years, from 1900, had been works engineer. For years Mr. Burrell has been one of the right hand men of Frank A. Scott and Ambrose Swasey, and it is the appreciation of those business superiors rather than his own modest estimate of his position that must prevail in assigning Mr. Burrell a place among Cleveland's industrial leaders. Those who are familiar with the size and scope of the Warner & Swasey Company as one of the great American as well as Cleveland organizations, can appreciate the many responsibilities that center in the works manager. Mr. Burrell was born at Hall, New York, February 11, 1871, son of Edward and Elizabeth (Parker) Burrell, both now deceased. His father was a farmer and also a civil engineer and mill operator and doubtless his vocation and interests influenced the son in a choice of a profession. Edward Parker Burrell graduated from Canandaigua Academy in 1891, and took his advanced and technical preparation in Cornell University. In 1898 he was awarded the degrees Electrical Engineer and Mechanical Engineer and in 1599 received the degree Master of Mechanical Engineering. While at Cornell he was a member of the Scientific Honorary Fraternity, Sigma Psi. Before coming to Cleveland Mr. Burrell was employed as an electrical engineering expert with the Crehore-Squires Engineering Company, his particular assignment being the development of automatic sending and receiving apparatus for cable transmission. Mr. Burrell had some military training while at Cornell University as a member of the College Battalion. He is a member of the Northwestern Cornell Association, the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Automobile Club, and his church membership is in the Presbyterian Church of Seneca, New York. At St. Louis, December 8, 1944, Mr. Burrell married Miss Katherine Ward, daughter of Lyman and Julia (Butler) Ward. Her father is deceased and her mother resides with Mr. and Mrs. Burrell. COL. JOHN R. McQUIGG. Now and for many years to come service as a soldier in the great war will constitute a badge of honor such as all people will respect. When that service is superimposed upon a long previous record of activity in military affairs, and also a high place in professional and civic life, the distinction becomes one of rare and arresting quality. Thirty years ago, while he was in college, John R. McQuigg became a student of military tactics and affairs. Since then he has been almost continuously identified with some military organization. He was a soldier in the Spanish-American war, took part in the affair on the Mexican border recently, and in 1917, after a spectacular recruiting campaign, raised the Cleveland Battalion of Engineers to the numerical sufficiency of a regiment, and was shortly afterwards commissioned colonel and went overseas as commander of one of the best known of Cleveland's units of the American Expeditionary forces. By profession Colonel McQuigg is a lawyer and a member of the law firm of Riley & McQuigg, which has the distinction of being the oldest law firm in the city that has existed without change in membership since it was established October 1, 1890. Colonel McQuigg was born near Wooster in Wayne County, Ohio, December 5, 1865, son of Samuel and Jane (McKinney) McQuigg. His father was born in Ireland and was brought to this country at the age of six years, and during his active life followed farming in Wayne County. He died in 1903 and his wife in 1887. Reared on a farm, educated in public schools, John R. McQuigg early manifested that enthusiasm of nature and ambition which destined him for a larger arena than life on a farm. He was a student in the Wooster High School and Wooster University, where he was graduated Bachelor of Arts in 1888, then pursued the study of law at Cornell University, and completed his professional preparation during the senior and post-grad- 516 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS uate courses in 1890, at the National Law School in Washington. In June, 1890, he was admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Ohio, and the following fall established his present partnership with George B. Riley. Mr. McQuigg and Mr. Riley were classmates in school and were admitted to the bar at the same time. Colonel McQuigg has also had admission to the various branches of the Federal courts. Riley & McQuigg, whose offices are in the Williamson Building, for a number of years has been a prominent law firm and both are men of the highest standing in their profession. Even in those early months while struggling to build up a law practice, Colonel McQuigg manifested an active interest in military organizations and in 1890 was commissioned as first lieutenant in Company A of the Fifth Infantry, Ohio National Guard. A year and a half later, in 1892, he joined the Cleveland Grays and was with that famous local company seven years. When the war began with Spain in 1898 he assisted in organizing the Engineer Battalion, made up entirely of Cleveland men, and when the unit was mustered into service May 30, 1898, Mr. McQuigg was captain of Company A. On June 28, 1899, he was commissioned major of the battalion and held that rank continuously until October, 1914, when he was promoted to chief engineer officer of the state with the rank of lieutenant colonel. His command was the first in the field during the Dayton flood and he had command of the Fifth Military Zone. During the winter of 1916-17 Colonel McQuigg was on the Mexican border in five months of service, and while his station was at El Paso he was up and down the Rio Grandt on duty as an inspector of railroads and bridges for a distance of 200 miles. While there he was lieutenant colonel of a provisional regiment of the Eleventh Division. Promptly upon the entrance of America into the war against Germany, Colonel McQuigg, surrendering his law practice to his partner, concentrated his entire time and forceful energies upon the task of raising the battalion strength to a regiment of Ohio Engineers, as an appropriate unit to fit into the complete division tieing raised in Ohio for regular army duty. It was a task that involved the duty of recruiting volunteers, and of course was the more difficult because only men of special qualifications could be accepted for an engineer regiment. Colonel McQuigg gained the admiration of all by his personal exertions and even more by the outside agencies which he brought into his campaign, and in less than three months he had recruited 728 men, including the formation of two entirely new companies, and the raising of a quota of the other companies to full war strength. When the regimental organization had been completed and enrolled in the service Mr. McQuigg was promoted to the rank of colonel, and during the winter of 1917-18 was with his regiment at Camps Sheridan in Montgomery,. Alabama, and in the summer of 1918 commanded the One Hundred and Twelfth Ohio Engineers when it was sent abroad. This regiment arrived in France in July, 1918, and is now one of the valuable units in the American Expeditionary Forces. Colonel McQuigg is a republican, but was identified with the progressive movement and in 1914 accepted a place on the progressive ticket as candidate for Congress. He served three terms as mayor of East Cleveland, having first been elected in 1906. He was in that office from January 1, 1907, until December 31, 1912. Colonel McQuigg organized the Windemere Building and Loan Company of East Cleveland, the organization being perfected in his office. He became attorney for this company, which is capitalized at $2,500,000, He is also a director and vice president of tile American Realty Company. Colonel McQuigg is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, is affiliated with Tyrian Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons, the Military Order of Foreign Wars, the United Spanish War Veterans, and active in the First United Presbyterian Church. February 16, 1892, at Wooster, he married Miss Gertrude W. Imgard, daughter of August Imgard. They have two children,' Pauline and Donald C. Pauline, who graduated from the Shaw High School in June, 1916, is now a student of music, and Donald C. is a student in the Superior Street School. Mrs. McQuigg is well known in Cleveland society. The family home is at 1901 Idlewood Avenue, East Cleveland. DR. GEORGE W. CRILE was born in Chili, Coshocton County, Ohio, on November 11, 1864. His parents were Michael and Margaret (Deeds) Crile. He attended public and private schools in his native town until the age of seventeen, when he entered the sophomore class of the Ohio Northern University at Ada, from which he graduated with the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 517 degree of A. B. in 1884; he received his degree of M. A. in 1894 for post graduate work in biologic research at the University of Wooster. His professional education was received at the Wooster University Medical School in Cleveland, where he secured the medical degree in 1887, and in postgraduate studies in 1891, 1893 and 1895 in New York, Paris, Vienna, Berlin and London. During 1893 and 1894 he lectured at the Wooster University Medical School on Physiology, Histology and Minor Surgery, and in 1895 was appointed professor of Physiology and Minor Surgery. In 1897 he resigned from this professorship to teach applied anatomy and the principles of surgery, retaining this post until 1900, when he left Wooster University Medical School to become professor of Clinical Surgery at the Western Reserve University Medical School, where in 1907 he was appointed professor of surgery. From 1896 to 1900 Doctor Crile was visiting surgeon to the Cleveland General Hospital and held that post in St. Alexis Hospital from 1891 to 1908. From 1900 to 1907 he was associate surgeon at Lakeside Hospital, where he has held the post of visiting surgeon since 1907. In 1897 Doctor Crile received the Cartwright prize from Columbia University for his report on his researches on Shock; in 1898 he won the Senn prize of the American Medical Association for his researches in surgery of the respiratory system; in 1901 he received the Alverenga prize given by the College of Physicians in Philadelphia for his research into "Certain Problems Relating to Surgical Operations"; and in 1903, for the second time, he won the Cartwright prize for a research on the "Blood Pressure in Surgery." As is indicated by the researches for which these prizes were secured, Doctor Crile's professional interests have centered about the problem of Surgical Shock. His experimental and clinical studies to this end have resulted in the foundation of the surgical principle which has been named "Anoci-Association" or "Anociation," by the application of which shock is practically eliminated from surgical operations. The steps leading to the enunciation of this principle and certain deductions of more general application are indicated by the titles of his published works: "Surgical Shock" (1897) ; "Problems Relating to Surgical Operations" (1901) ; "Surgery of the Respiratory System" (1901) ; "The Blood Pressure in Surgery" (1903) ; "Hemorrhage and Transfusion" (1909) ; "Anemia and Resuscitation" (1913); "Anoci-Association," Dr. W. E. Tower co-author (1914) ; "The Origin and Nature of the Emotions" (1915) ; "A Mechanistic View of War and Peace" (1915) ; "Man an Adaptive Mechanism" (1916) ; "The Kinetic Drive" (1916) ; "The Biologic Fallacy of the German State Philosophy" (1918). Doctor Crile's active participation in the present war was anticipated by his service during the Spanish American war as major and brigade surgeon on General Garretson's staff. In December, 1914, Doctor Crile sailed for France with a surgical unit from Western Reserve University for three months' service at the American Ambulance, Paris. As a result of his experience and observation in this service he suggested the plan of organizing base hospital units from civil hospitals, which was adopted by the surgeon general. In accordance with this plan the Lakeside Hospital Base Hospital Unit was organized and equipped. With this, the first unit of the United States army to go into active service after the declaration of war in April, 1917, Doctor Ctile sailed for France on May 8, 1917, as the director of the Professional Staff, with the military rank of major, M. R. C. Doctor Crile is still in active service, as senior consultant in surgical research, A. E. F. His present rank is lieutenant colonel, N. A. In 1913 Doctor Crile was elected an honorary fallow in the Royal College of Surgeons. In 1915 the University of Wooster conferred upon him the honorary degree of LL. D. He received the gold medal conferred in 1914 by American Medicine and in 1916 a gold medal from the National Institute of the Social Sciences. lie is a fellow of the American College of Surgeons, of which he was president during 1916 to 1917. He is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, of the American Medical Association, of the American Surgical Association; and a member of the Association American Pathologists and Bacteriologists, of the Society of Experimental Biology and Medicine, of the American Physiological Society, of the Society of Clinical Surgery, of the American Association of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, of the Southern Surgical and Gynecological Association, of the American 618 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Association of Anatomists, of the National Institute of the Social Sciences. In 1900 Doctor Crile married Miss Grace McBride, daughter of the late J. H. McBride. Doctor and Mrs. Crile have four children, Margaret, Elisabeth, George H. and Robert. JOHN HARRIS MCBRIDE. The life of John Harris McBride was one of the most impressive careers in Cleveland. He came to the city a young man, and the resources of his character and his ability eventually made him president of the Root & McBride Company, one of the greatest mercantile organizations of the Middle West. His business achievements, however, were only one source of the general esteem and appreciation given him by the public. In the years since his death American people have rapidly learned the lessons of civic duty and responsibility. But John Harris McBride exemplified the highest degree of civic loyalty and public spirit when such qualities sprang entirely from a volunteer purpose and understanding. Some of Cleveland's best institutions reflect his wisdom and sound guidance. His sturdy Americanism began with his great-grandfather, Samuel McBride, who in 1772 emigrated from Belfast, Ireland, to Newcastle, Delaware, and later located in Western Pennsylvania, where he did duty in that raw western community as a pioneer schoolmaster. After his marriage this ancestor located on a farm at what is now Bedford in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania. From Pennsylvania Samuel H. McBride, father of the late Cleveland merchant, moved to Ohio and for many years conducted a store at Lowellville in Mahoning County. He married Phoebe Harris, who represented a pioneer family of Coitsville, Pennsylvania. John Harris McBride was born at his parents' home at Lowellville, Ohio, January 30, 1843. His father also owned a farm and it was on that farm that his boyhood days were spent. With only a common school education he was apprenticed to learn the harness making trade, and had some experience in that line both at Cleveland and at Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. In the summer of 1862-63 he served in the Pennsylvania Reserves under the ninety days' enlistment. In 1864, at the age of twenty-one, he came to Cleveland to take advantage of a business opportunity with the dry goods house of Morgan, Root & Company, in which his elder brother, Leander, had become a partner. Three years later John Harris McBride was admitted to a partnership. With the retirement of Mr. Morgan in 1884 the firm was reorganized as Root & McBride Brothers. In, 1895 it was incorprated as the Root & McBride Company, with John H. McBride as vice president and treasurer. Upon the death of his brother Leander in 1909 he succeeded to the office of president, and his responsibilities with this, one of the largest and oldest dry goods establishments of Ohio, were not relaxed until his death on August 2, 1913. The late Mr. McBride was also president of the Cleveland-Akron Bag Company, of the Chicago-Detroit Bag Company, and the Buffalo Bag Company. He was vice president of the Superior Savings & Trust Company, president of the Cleveland Storage Company, a director of the Bank of Commerce National Association, and the Cleveland Hardware Company. These things measure his business achievements. Of his community service doubtless the most important was that rendered as a member of the Board of Park Commissioners, which planned and brought into being the park system of Cleveland. Any community is fortunate that is able to enlist the services of such a man as Mr. McBride, for it has been the unfortunate experience of many cities that great projects have gone awry because the actual work and administration have been intrusted to men of mediocre abilities. Mr. McBride not only kept up his share of the work while on the park board, but his associates were usually willing to leave decisions as to important matters largely to his judgment. For four years, from 1897 to 1901, he was president of the board, succeeding Charles Bulkley. Mr. McBride's name is also identified with the University School of Cleveland, of which he was one of the founders and for many years a member of its board of trustees, and upon the death of Judge Williamson was elected president of the board. He was also a trustee of the Western Reserve University, and the Protestant Orphan Asylum, and was president of the latter's board until he resigned in 1910. Mr. McBride was a member of the Union Club, Country Club, Winous Point Shooting Club and Castalia Trout Club. On May 26, 1868, he married Miss Elizabeth Wright, of Lowell, Massachusetts. Mrs. McBride died February 4, 1910. Of their children, Herbert, who died March 13, 1907, had already achieved distinction in business affairs as an associate of his father. Herbert married CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 519 Ethel Tod, daughter of John Tod, of Cleveland, and was survived by two children. Grace Elizabeth McBride is the wife of Dr. George W. Crile, of Cleveland. Doctor and Mrs. Crile have four children. Malcolm L. McBride is vice president and treasurer of the Root & McBride Company, and by his marriage to Lucia McCurdy, of Cleveland, has three children. Edith L. McBride is the wife of H. S. Sherman, a well known Cleveland contractor and engineer, and they have a family of three children. Donald, who is connected with the Cleveland-Akron Bag Company, married Mary Helen Harmon, of Cleveland, and has two children. HERBERT McBRIDE, who died at his home in Cleveland March 13, 1907, at the age of thirty-seven, had already earned a high place in local business circles. A son of John Harris and Elizabeth (Wright) McBride, his preliminary education was received in the local schools. From Central High School he took his preparatory work in St. Paul's School at Concord, New Hampshire, and in 1887 entered the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University, from which he graduated three years later. He was an all around athlete, and especially distinguished himself in baseball. After his university training Mr. McBride returned to Cleveland and soon became associated with the Root & McBride Company. Socially he was a well known figure in the Union Club, Tavern Club, Country Club, University Club of Cleveland and the University Club of New York. He was a member of Trinity Cathedral of the Episcopal Church. He married Miss Ethel Tod, daughter of the late Governor John Tod of Ohio. Mrs. McBride and her two children now reside in New York City. BERT F. MILLS. While his range of general business experience has been ample and extensive, Bert F. Mills has concentrated his energy chiefly for many years on the coal industry, and is one of the leading wholesalers of that commodity in Cleveland. His wholesale offices are in the Rockefeller Building. Mr. Mills comes of an old family of Southern Ohio. He was born at Gallipolis October 31, 1867. His ancestors came from England and settled in Connecticut in colonial times and from Connecticut his grandfather, Jack Mills, moved westward and became one of the pioneer farmers in the vicinity of Gallipolis, Ohio. He died there some years before Bert Mills was born, and was quite an old man at the time. The maiden name of his wife was Sallie Wardell, a native of Gallipolis, where she spent all her life. Their children still living are: Elza F., John E., a farmer at Gallipolis, and Safford, an Ohio farmer. Elza F. Mills was born at Gallipolis in 1832 and is still living there at the age of eighty-five. His active years were spent as a farmer and he is now retired. He is a republican of the old school and has been an ardent supporter of the Methodist Episcopal Church, having served on the official board for many years. Elza Mills married Sarah Elizabeth Titus. She was born at Porter, now Bidwell, Ohio, in 1834, and died at Gallipolis in 1884. She was the mother of six children: Henry W. Mills, who lives at London, Ohio, and travels as representative for the Anti-Saloon League; Hattie M., wife of Sardine P. Humphrey, a real estate broker of Toledo; Belle, in the millinery business at Gallipolis; Bert F.; Fred K. Mills, a farmer at Plain City, Ohio; and Helen, teacher in the public schools of Lorain, Ohio. Bert F. Mills acquired his education in the public school of his native town. He lived on his father's farm until twenty years of age, and then took up a commercial career. For five years he was in the wholesale commission business at Columbus, Ohio, and from there moved to Detroit, Michigan, where he entered the coal trade and where he spent ten years. In 1902 Mr. Mills removed to Cleveland and entered the wholesale coal business. He handles coal only in car lots and represents some of the important mines of the West Virginia District. He is a stockholder and is western manager at Cleveland for the Chesapeake and Virginia Coal Company, and is also a stockholder in the Sewell Valley Coal Company. Among other business interests Mr. Mills is a director of the Lakewood State Bank, his home being at Lakewood, where he owns a residence at 1453 Wayne Avenue. Mr. Mills has taken a public spirited part in the affairs of his home village and of the City of Cleveland in general. He served two terms as councilman of Lakewood. He is a member and deacon of the Lakewood Christian Church, a member of Lakewood Lodge, Knights of Pythias, Cleveland Yacht Club, Tyrian Lodge of Masons and in politics has usually voted a straight republican ticket. In September, 1893, at Gallipolis, Ohio, 520 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Mr. Mills married Miss Norma P. Greene, daughter of A. J. and Sarah (Parker) Greene, her mother now deceased. Her father is a member of the Gallipolis bar. Mr. and Mrs. Mills have three children: Alice, the oldest, is a graduate of the Lakewood High School, spent one year in the Ohio State University, and is now the wife of Gay Creveling, living at New York City, where Mr. Creveling is a representative of the Daily Iron Trade Review. Sarah, the second daughter, is a graduate of the Lakewood High School and is now in the sophomore class of Penn Hall College at Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. The third and youngest child, Marion, is a student in the public schools of Lakewood. EDWARD W. FURST. That American industries offer many opportunities to a young man starting out in life is undoubtedly very true, but these advantages do not, in themselves, mean business success. This is a matter of personal effort and when advancement out of the usual comes to any man it will appear, on investigation, that casual opportunity had very little to do with it. Industry, persistency, ambition and, perhaps, a natural leaning, have been the fonndation stones on which he has built. These thoughts come very often to a biographer when he considers the step by step progress made and ultimate success won by many of the representative business men of the country today. In this connection attention may be directed to a well known business roan of Cleveland, Edward W. Furst, who fills a very responsible position with the Grasselli Chemical Company of this city. Edward W. Furst is a native of Ohio and was born in the city of Cleveland May 4, 1875. He is a son of William and Mary E. (Widlar) Furst. His father was born in Germany, June 19, 1836, was educated there, came to Cleveland in 1852 and died October 5, 1911. The mother was born in Cleveland February 24, 1845, and is still living. Edward W. Furst attended the public schools of Cleveland and was seventeen years old when he left the high school to accept a clerkship in the general freight depot of the Lake Shore Railroad in this city, in which capacity he worked for two years. In 1894 Mr. Furst entered the employ of the Grasselli Chemical Company, one of the large business enterprises of the country, and was assigned to the statistical department at Cleveland, where he continued for four years. He was promoted from time to time, and in 1903 was made chairman of the ore and zinc department. Since 1915 Mr. Furst has also been third vice president of the GrasseIli Chemical Company. On October 17, 1899, in the City of Cleveland, Mr. Furst was united in marriage with Miss Dora Klaustermeyer. They have one son, Edward E., who was born at Cleveland in 1908 and is attending university echo& Mr. and Mrs. Furst are active members of the Lutheran Church and are interested in many benevolent organizations. He has a wide social acquaintance and finds pleasure and recreation as a member of the Union, the Cleveland Athletic, the Shaker Heights Country and the Mayfield Country clubs. THOMAS S. VAUGHAN is a paint manufacturer of wide and varied experience covering a quarter of a century, and since coming to Cleveland about eighteen years ago has been principally identified with the Vaughan Paint Company, which he founded and of which he is president. This is one of the larger industries of Cleveland. The plant is located on Columbus Road and the Big Four Railway. Mr. Vaughn comes from an old New England family, his ancestors on both sides being among the early colonists of the State of Rhode Island. On his father's side he is descended from George Vaughan, one of the original proprietors of the Town of East Greenwich; while on his mother's side he is descended in several lines from Roger Williams, the distinguished founder of the state. He was born at Spragueville, in the Town of Smithfield, Rhode Island, in the old home built by his great-grandfather, Thomas Sprague, for whom he was named. His father, Christopher Vaughan, was born in Rhode Island in 1831 and from early manhood engaged in the manufacture of cotton cloth. Shortly after the outbreak of the Civil war he enlisted in the Union army, serving as captain of Company A, Seventh Squadron, Rhode Island Cavalry. He was an ardent republican and a member of the Free Baptist Church. He died at Spragueville in 1871. In 1853 he married Elizabeth Polk, who was born in Rhode Island in 1833 and who is still living at her home in Providence at the age of eighty-five. Their children are: Sarah F., living at Providence, widow of Dr. Thomas G. Simons, who for many years practised medicine at Providence; Thomas S.; William D., who has a ranch at Texhoma, Oklahoma; CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 521 Charles L., a manufacturer and broker at Providence; Bessie, wife of Howard G. Saunders, a metallurgist, living at North Attleboro, Massachusetts ; and Mary D., teacher of mathematics in the Technical High School, Providence. Thomas S. Vaughn was educated in the public schools of Providence, attended the Friends School there and later the University Grammar School, and was given a training preparatory for college. However, he gave up the idea of a college career and went to work at the age of nineteen. For three years he was employed by a steamboat line with headquarters at Providence. Following that he traveled over all the country east and west, visiting most of the states east of the Rocky Mountains. For two years he was in the paint business at Toronto, Canada, and from there moved to Chicago, where he was superintendent of the Cary, Ogden Company, paint manufacturers, for seven years. The plant of this firm was burned in 1894, and following that Mr. Vaughan established the Inland White Lead Company, which is still one of the flourishing corporations of that city. The business was reorganized following the panicky days of the '90s and Mr. Vaughan continued as its manager until he removed to Cleveland in 1901. In this city for two years he was superintendent of a local paint works and in 1903 established the Vaughan Paint Company, incorporated under the laws of Ohio. Its officers are: T. S. Vaughan, president and treasurer ; D. C. McIntire, vice president; and William E. Perkins, secretary. The company manufactures paints of all kinds and its market is practically the entire United States. Mr. Vaughan is a director of the Union Mortgage Company, is vice president and director of. the Cleveland Finance Company, and has a number of other business interests. He is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, the Colonial Club, Automobile Club, Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and in politics is a republican. His home is at 1887 East One Hundred and First Street. HARRY O. HOAR. A generation of mankind produces comparatively few men of the peculiar abilities and talents of Harry G. Hoak. Mr. Hoak occupies an almost unique field as organizer and manager of short term financial campaigns in behalf of hospitals, colleges, Young Men's Christian Association, and other philanthropic institutions. Cleveland is not the only city that has benefited from the work of Mr. Hoak in this direction. In his offices at 733 Euclid Avenue will be found photographs of fifteen or twenty hospitals, representing $4,000,000 or $5,000,000 in value, which were made possible wholly or partially through the short term method conducted by Mr. Hoak. These institutions are located over most of the country, from New York west to Kansas. Mr. Hoak was born in Allegheny City, Pennsylvania, now part of Pittsburgh, August 19, 1873, son of Rev. John T. and Anna A. (Kurtz) Hoak. The good character, the personal address and the ability to mingle with men are doubtless to some degree at least inherited from his father. Mr. Hoak grew up a poor boy, and had difficulty in acquiring an education such as he desired. He attended public school, also normal school, and was a student in Baldwin University at Berea, Ohio, until 1892. On the 11th of May of that year, at the age of nineteen, he came to Cleveland. Then followed employment in more or less humble capacities, and for years his real talents were obscured or kept in abeyance. He first worked as a day laborer at $1.25 a day for the Van Dorn Iron Works. While there he boarded himself and attended business college at night. By December, 1892, he had saved enough to enable him to attend both day and night school and he kept that up for a term of six weeks. His course in business college opened up a somewhat better field for him and for seven months he was bookkeeper with the Frasch Process Soda Company, and then opened the books and for six months had charge of the office of Johnson, Parmelee & Whitley, dry goods merchants. After that he spent four months as bookkeeper with George H. Chandler, grocery merchant after which he was bookkeeper and cashier seven years with Lamprecht Brothers, brokers. During the summer months Mr. Hoak employed his time by organizing parties and conducting them through Europe. He has made eight such trips, taking with him some of Cleveland's most prominent citizens. During this time some of his father's ministerial zeal was working within him and he finally had an opportunity to do missionary work as educational secretary for the Associated Charities of Cleveland. James F. Jackson, superintendent of the Associated Charities, referring to Mr. Hoak's work as financial 522 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS secretary, has called him "the most useful and satisfactory money raiser with whom I have been associated in my twenty years experience with private charities." From the Associated Charities Mr. Hoak went to St. Luke's Hospital as assistant secretary. He has always been grateful to F. F. Prentiss and Charles E. Adams for the encouragement and the advice they gave him to take up organizing campaign work. One of the first institutions to which he applied his campaign methods was St. Luke's Hospital, and Mr. Prentiss, the president of that institution, gave to Mr. Hoak much of the credit for the success of the campaign and congratulated him particularly on his organization and the careful way in which every detail of the campaign was worked out. Since then Mr. Hoak has organized charity and hospital campaign organizations over the United States, and a few years ago he had charge of the campaign for raising money for the purchase of Overlook Hospital at Summit, New Jersey. One of the men vitally interested in that campaign was the late Hamilton W. Mabie, the well known American author and critic. Mr. Mabie wrote Mr. Hoak a personal letter, in the course of which he said: "I congratulate the people of Summit that you were the grand strategist of the campaign. It was admirably planned and carried out. It seemed to me that the machinery was singularly well adapted for the purpose and run with great smoothness. So far as I know there' was no friction, but entire thoroughness. I doubt if anyone escaped the canvassers. Altogether it seemed to me an exceptionally well managed piece of work, the kind of work that should have recognition because of its efficiency." In 1917 Mr. Hoak was called upon to take charge of the campaign as manager for the Cleveland Red Cross, and he has been given much of the credit for the magnificent work accomplished during that campaign, as a result of which Cleveland gave the largest per capita contribution to the Red Cross fund among all American communities. Mr. Hoak was called to Washington soon after the Red Cross campaign and for five months was at National Red Cross headquarters helping to plan future drives for the Red Cross. In March, 1918, he was called to Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, to assist in putting on the $20,000,000 war chest into which more than $21,000,000 was poured by more than 500,000 givers. During the war he has given his time continuously to Red Cross and affiliated organizations of the Commission or Training Camp Activities, including Young Men's Christian Association, Young Women's Christian Association, War Camp Community Service, Knights of Columbus and American Library Association, refusing to take up private work as long as the war should last. Mr. Hoak is a director of the Corte Scope Company, is active in Masonry, being affiliated with the lodge, McKinley Chapter, Royal Arch Masons, Oriental Commandery, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine. He belongs to the Sons of Veterans, City Club, Chamber of Commerce, is independent in politics, and is a member of the official board of the Epworth Memorial Methodist Church. At Cleveland October 3, 1901, he married Miss Eunice Clarke. They have two children, Clarke A. and Eunice, both students in the public schools. JOHN D. LEBEL. A resident of Cleveland since 1900, John D. LeBel is a business man of veteran experience in the smelting and refining of metals, and has had much to do with promoting the Michigan Smelting & Refining Company to the importance of a leading industry of the city. He was born in the Province of Quebec, Canada, October 5, 1854. His father was Joseph G. LeBel, a lifelong resident of Quebec, born in 1817 and died in 1896. He was much in politics and public affairs, was a notary and also registrar and coroner of the County of Bonaventura. His home was at New Carlisle, where members of his family still reside. In politics he was of the liberal party, and was a member of the Catholic Church. He married Maria Meagher, who was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, in 1819, and died in Quebec in 1895. Their family comprised nine children, and it is possible to enter only the following brief record: Joseph A., who holds the office of jailer at New Carlisle, Quebec; Maria married Joseph Gingras, a hardware merchant at Quebec City, both now deceased ; Mary Ann, wife of W. H. Clapperton, who is in government service and living at Maria, Quebec; Amelia, living at New Carlisle, widow of Edward E. Hargreaves, who was in the lumber business; Charlotte, deceased wife of William Sheppard, sheriff at New Carlisle; Charles A., an employe of the marine fisheries department of the Canadian government at Montreal; L. P., registrar at New Carlisle; John D., CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 523 next youngest of the children; and Rosalie, who died at the age of eleven years. John D. LeBel therefore grew up in a rather numerous household of older brothers and sisters, was educated in the public schools at New Carlisle, and took a special course in a commercial academy in the City of Quebec. His sch000ling ended in 1871, at the age of seventeen, and having to make his own way thenceforward he did it for three years by clerking at Matapedia, Quebec. After that for a number of years he was in the lumber business at Sarnia, Ontario, arid it was with an equipment of varied experience that he came to Cleveland in 1900. Here he became identified with the smelting and refining business. He is now salesman for the Michigan Smelting & Refining Company, and is assistant secretary and treasurer and assistant manager of the Valley Refining Company, a subsidiary concern of the Michigan company. The plant and offices are at the corner of Bradley Road and the B. & 0. Railway. It is a business that possesses vitality, is growing, has about thirty men on the payroll, and ships its products all over the United States. Mr. LeBel is a republican, and religiously is a Catholic and a member of Cleveland Council of Knights of Columbus. His home is at 11022 Clifton Boulevard, and his family consists of wife and seven children. He married in 1879, at London, Ontario, Miss Francesca Harper, daughter of W. H. and Margaret (Livingston) Harper, both now deceased. Her father was manager of the Merchants Bank of London. The children of Mr. and Mrs. LeBel are: Gertrude M., wife of W. A. Congalton, a real estate man living on French Avenue in Lakewood; L. B., in the stock and brokerage business at Cleveland; Livingston, who died at the age of seventeen ; Harper D., general manager of the Valley Smelting Company; Herbert H., in the coal business at Detroit; Marguerite M., at home; and Cyril, who lives at home and is a machinist. JOHN DICKENSON, SR., M. D. For over forty years Dr. John Dickenson, Sr., was one of the most capable general practitioners of medicine in Cleveland. His was a broad range of service, involving much public work of professional nature. He was born at Newcastle, England, in 1835, and died at Cleveland February 19, 1903, at the age of sixty-nine. Coming to America and locating at Cleveland in 1845, at the age of ten, he received most of his early education and training in this country and was always a thorough American in spirit and in practice. He took his medical courses in the Western Reserve Medical College. When the Civil war broke out he entered the Union army as assistant surgeon in the 36th Ohio Infantry, and was with the army nearly four years. In March, 1865, he was promoted to brigade surgeon of the One Hundred and Ninety-fifth Ohio Regiment, with the rank of major. For many years he was an honored member of the Army and Navy Post, Grand Army of the Republic. From the close of the Civil war until his death Doctor Dickenson devoted himself unreservedly to the demands of his profession and his public duties. For six years he was health officer of Cleveland, was president of the Board of Pension Examiners four years, and at one time served as police surgeon. As a physician he had a thorough training, possessed the habits and qualities of mind which are an indispensable equipment of the physician, was also a man among men and enjoyed many rare friendships. He was a member of the Cleveland Medical Society, the Cleveland Medical Library Association and the Ohio Medical Society, a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church and a republican in politics. In 1866 he married Miss Louisa Keppler. Her father, F. A. Keppler, was for many years a wholesale merchant in Cleveland. Mrs. Dickenson is still living in Cleveland. Of her five children only two are now living: Gertrude Maud, Mrs. William E. Clegg; and Dr. John Dickenson, Jr. JOHN DICKENSON, M. D. While it was natural that some of the professional distinctions of his father should lend favor to the introduction of Dr. John Dickenson, Jr., to the medical fraternity, it is almost entirely due to the solid abilities and working service of the latter that his name now stands so high in the professional life of Cleveland. His associations from the very first have brought him into close touch with the most eminent physicians and surgeons. During his senior year in Western Reserve University Medical College, 1900-01, Doctor Dickenson was assistant to F. E. Bunts and to Dr. George W. Crile, both men of the rarest distinction in American medicine and surgery. Doctor Dickenson served as house physician and surgeon at St. Vincent's Charity CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 525 Hospital from May 1, 1901, to September 1, 1902. During 1903-05 he was demonstrator of obstetrics and obstetrician to the outdoor department of the Medical Department of Western Reserve University. Since 1903 he has been surgeon in charge of the outdoor department of St. Vincent's Charity Hospital, representing a service of fifteen years, and for the past eight years has been assistant visiting surgeon of St. Vincent's Hospital. For fifteen years he has been a lecturer before the Training School for Nurses at St. Vincent's, and since 1907 has been demonstrator of surgery and assistant to the chair of principles of surgery in Western Reserve Medical School. One of his largest responsibilities is supervising the medical and surgical work among about 10,000 men in industrial plants in Cleveland. He is chief of the surgical staff, and also directing head of the staff of nurses who handle the medical and surgical work with such great Cleveland industries as the White Motor Company, the White Sewing Machine Company, the Upson Bolt and Nut Company, and others. John Dickenson, Jr., was born in Cleveland March 1, 1878. He was educated in the public schools, graduated from Central High School in 1895, and had one year in the Case School of Applied Science before entering Western Reserve University Medical College. He is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, Cleveland Academy of Medicine, Ohio State Medical Society, American Medical Association, a member of the Anti-Tuberculosis League, and for all the demands made upon his time for personal service has participated regularly in professional conventions and meetings and has written a number of articles that have appeared in professional magazines. Doctor Dickenson was president of the Charity Hospital Medical Society for 1908-09. He is a member of the Nu Sigma Nu college fraternity, is a republican and a member of the Euclid Avenue Baptist Church. January 10, 1913, Doctor Dickenson married Miss Helen Skoog, of Cleveland. Mrs. Dickenson was born near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. and before her marriage lived in Ashtabula, Ohio, and Cleveland. She attended school at Cleveland and also a college at DeKalb, Indiana. FRANK SIEGEL KRAUSE. In normal times, when personal business and individual aims are the public's chief concern, such able and efficient men as Frank Siegel Krause, of Cleveland, may not come foremost among the great body of successful citizens, but in times of flaming war and threatening famine, the nation needs their practical ideas and intelligent foresight as it does their enthusiastic loyalty and unselfish devotion. It is comforting and heartening to know that there are men, every-day men, our friends and neighbors who are equal to such emergencies, not only on account of their business experience, but because of their willingness to work for the common good and have the character and ripened judgment that make their efforts effective. Such a man is found in Frank Siegel Krause. He was born at Cleveland, November 1, 1862. His parents were Conrad B. and Mary (Borges) Krause. Conrad B. Krause was born in 1831, in Brunswick, Germany, and died at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1894. He was brought to this city by his parents, who escaped to America during the German Revolution of 1848-49, when Franz Sigel and Carl Schurz, later distinguished Americans, also sought freedom in the United States. Conrad B. Krause conducted a drug store in Cleveland for some time and until his death was in commercial life after his return from serving in the Civil War. He enlisted as a private in 1861 and when honorably discharged at the close of the war bore the rank of captain. He was married in this city to Mary Borges, who was born at Cleveland and died here in 1898. They had the following children: Clara, who died in this city, was the wife of Carl Schroeder, who is secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Home Brewing Company; William F. E., who is owner of a garage and proprietor of a hotel at Iola, Kansas; and Frank Siegel. When Mr. Krause was fourteen years old and just through the grammar grades, he decided to leave school and go to work, .and because of his considerable ability as a draughtsman and artistic tastes, he entered the employ of J. F. Ryder, art dealer and fine photographer, with whom he remained a year and it was during that period that the artist, A. M. Williard, painted the noted picture entitled "Yankee Doodle." The Cleveland Art Club had its beginning about that time and Mr. Krause became a young member and among his associates were D. Scott Evans, Tompkins and Cavanaugh, all of whom later devoted themselves entirely to artistic work. In the Centennial Exposition at Philadelphia, in 1876, Mr. Krause had a fine drawing on CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 523 exhibition, but he never had any idea of devoting his life to such work although a great admirer always and a competent critic of paintings. He is a life member of the Cleveland Art Museum. For the next five years Mr. Krause was connected with the wholesale grocery house of Cleveland & Bigelow, following which he was with a branch of the Standard Oil Company and for 1 1/2 years was in the sales department in the West, establishing agencies in that territory for the sale of lubricating oils. In 1884 he returned to Cleveland and took charge of his father's commercial interests and remained so engaged until 1898, when he became identified with the New York Life Insurance Company. He remained with that large organization for five years and during the last three sold more insurance in his territory than any other writer. He then became general agent for the Northeastern Ohio district for the Fidelity Mutual Life Insurance Company and continued one year and then turned his attention to the real estate business, not altogether in the general sense but more as a real estate adviser. He acts as a middleman for merchants and manufacturers, in acquiring space in real estate, in financing and in working out new plans and efficiency methods. No one in Cleveland doubts the fact of Mr. Krause being a man of ideas. He originated the "Bureau of Ideas, Complaints & Suggestions," in regard to which a bill has been introduced in Congress under the following wording: "Resolved: That there shall be established in the War Department a commission of three persons, appointed by the President of the United States, which shall be known as the 'Bureau of Ideas, Complaints and Suggestions.' " Mr. Krause is independent in his political views but is intensely patriotic. His name was recommended by several members of Congress as one of a committee of three to handle the food situation, before the appointment of Mr. Hoover for the task. He has always been public-spirited and as far back as 1911 began a fight on the food gambling being done by profiteers and has kept it up and has the satisfaction of knowing that this agitation has been instrumental in bringing about many reforms and his advice has been sought and his judgment consulted by numerous members of Congress in regard to the food problem. He was instrumental in having the first bill introduced into Congress for Government control of food storage warehouses. He is interested along many associated lines, all for the benefit of the people. He is president of the 30-cent Egg Club, designed for publicity purposes to prevent profiteering in this necessary food, and is a member of the National Animal Conservation Association and the originator of the slogan, "Spare the female calf." Mr. Krause has offered his services free to the President of the United States, in an advisory capacity covering the conservation of food and general forward movements, believing he is performing a patriotic service in so doing. Quite recently Mr. Krause was invited to head a movement in Ohio for the organization, the Friends of German Democracy, and will accept the responsibility if he receives the approval of the Government. He is a member of the society to advance the interests of the postal employees, his contention being that desirable changes and improved postal methods would work less hardship on a rather over-burdened class. All his life he has been a fighter for the right and very often evolves ideas far ahead of the times which later are accepted. He has served on the advisor), hoard of the Associated Charities, of Cleveland, and was parole officer of the Mansfield and Columbus reformatories. He was voluntary assistant to the Juvenile Court here, under Judge Adams, and gave his services free in the above capacities. At present Mr. Krause is agitating the admission of mortgages in the Regional banks, just as commercial paper is taken, thereby relieving the trust companies and converting slow securities into quick securities, making possible the increase of housing facilities for working men because of the liberal loans that would be forthcoming from the trust companies. Mr. Krause was married at Cleveland, in 1890, to Miss Anna Schurr, a daughter of Jacob and Emma Schurr, both of whom arc now deceased. Formerly Mr. Schurr was a farmer but in later life was in the flour and feed business at Cleveland. Mr. and Mrs. Krause have two children: Gladys Marie, who was born in June, 1896, was graduated from the Western Reserve College, in 1917; and Myrle Antoinette, who was born in October, 1897. The hospitable family home is situated at No. 7401 Hough Avenue, and Mr. Krause maintains his offices in the Leader-News Building. Mr. Krause is a member of the East End Baptist Church. As an earnest citizen, he belongs to the Chamber of Commerce, and fra- 526 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ternally is identified with Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He belongs also to the National Geographic Society. While Mr. Krause, as stated above, is of German extraction on the paternal side, the maternal ancestry is Dutch. His maternal grandfather, J. F. Borges, was born in Holland, in 1807, came to Cleveland in the '30s and died in this city in 1882. He was a pioneer merchant tailor here and for many years was in business on the corner of Superior Avenue and River Street. It is interesting to recall, at a time when thrift and prudence are being impressed upon the American people as cardinal virtues, that long ago when the "Society for Savings" was organized in Cleveland this industrious Hollander set an example of frugality by being one of the original six charter members who signed its incorporation papers. ROBERT F. WILLIAMS, for many years a resident of Cleveland, is president of the Williams Brothers Company, a prominent, wholesale grocery house. Mr. Williams established at Cleveland a branch of this business, which was formerly located at Detroit and was primarily a firm for the wholesale handling of pickled goods. Mr. Williams built up the business to large proportions in Cleveland, and about twenty years ago reorganized it on the wholesale grocery basis. The house has established relations with the trade all around the territory surrounding Cleveland and has a large plant and expert organization located at 738 Central Avenue. Mr. Williams was born at London, Ontario, Canada, December 31, 1856. His father, henry Williams, was born in Somersetshire, England, in 1826, where the family has resided for many generations. One of Robert F. Williams' ancestors was one of the twelve judges of England. Henry Williams was reared and married in that country, and learned there the profession of veterinary surgery. In 1845 he took his family to Canada, and practised his profession at London until his death in 1868. He was a member of the Episcopal or Church of England. his wife, Letitia Coombs, was born in Somersetshire in 1828, daughter of Christopher Coombs who operated a grist mill there. In 1864 she moved to Detroit, Michigan, and died there in 1904. She was the mother of seven children: Sarah, who died in infancy; Henry, who is president of the Williams Brothers Company, wholesale pickle house at Detroit, where he died at the age of sixty years; William H., a retired member of the firm of Williams Brothers Company living at Detroit; Georgiana, who died in infancy; Rose, who died at Detroit at the age of thirty years, the wife of Richard Roehm, a retired citizen of Detroit; George A., a retired farmer living at Detroit; and Robert F. Robert F. Williams was educated in the Detroit public schools, but left school at the age of fourteen to earn his own way in the world. For three years he was employed in the great seed house of D. M. Ferry & Company at Detroit. He was then in the butcher business for five years, and after that, in 1880, came to Cleveland and established the Cleveland branch of the Williams Brothers Company of Detroit. He developed a local trade of the company on its primary basis, but in 1898 he organized the Williams Brothers Company of Cleveland and expanded its scope to that of a wholesale grocery house. The business is incorporated under the laws of Ohio and the officers of the company are: Mr. Williams, president; his sons, George H., vice president and general manager; William R., treasurer; and William O'Neill, secretary. The business organization requires the services in the offices, warehouses and on the road of thirty-five people. Mr. Williams was formerly interested in and a member of the finance committee of the State Bank & Trust Company of Cleveland. He is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, is a republican in politics, a member of the Unitarian Church, and in Masonry is affiliated with Halcyon Lodge, Free and Accepted Masons; Thatcher Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Holyrood Commandery, Knights Templar; Lake Erie Consistory of the Scottish Rite; Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine, and Al Sirat Grotto. Mr. Williams and family reside at 1106 East Ninety-eighth Street, where he built his modern home in 1916. He married at Detroit in 1880 Miss Lulu Brooks, a native of that city. They are the parents of three children, Evelyn L., George H. and William R. The latter now is a corporal in the U. S. service in France. Both sons are graduates of the West Side High School of Cleveland. The daughter is also a gradu- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 527 ate of that school and is the wife of F. William Heller, living at 1660 East Eighty-sixth Street. Mr. Heller is a salesman for the Williams Brothers Company. MILTON J. HERR. Few men even ten years his senior have made such a completely satisfactory business record of achievement as Milton J. Herr. Mr. Herr emerged from the restrictions of minority only a little more than four years ago, and since then has been getting ahead in a business way about as rapidly as his most sanguine expectations could have anticipated. He was born at Cleveland July 10, 1893. His father, Charles J. Herr, came to Cleveland during the '60s and for many years was a practical farmer in Brooklyn Township, now included in the City of Cleveland. Since 1902 he has been president of the Brooklyn Realty Company. At Cleveland he married Pauline A. Bluem, and they have three children, Edwin C., Alfred P. and Milton J., all of Cleveland. Milton J. Herr received his education in the grammar and high schools of Brooklyn Township, and at the age of eighteen started out to earn his own way. For six months he worked in the insurance business and then spent two years on his father's farm in Brooklyn Township. As a matter of personal choice, and by good fortune, he then became directed to the automobile industry and for the first year bought and sold automobiles. He then established the Perfection Tire and Repair Company at 3618 West Twenty-fifth Street. He is sole owner and has a shop and equipment for performing general tire repair work, and at the present time is installing a general line of automobile accessories. Mr. Herr sells the majority of Miller and Kelly Springfield tires in West Cleveland. Giving his customers full value, standing behind all repair work and sales, is the motto and principle upon which he has built up his most substantial trade. The first year his business aggregated a value of $8,000. The second year's business was $48,000, in the third year $62,000, while the aggregate for 1917 approximated $85,000. He has five men in his employ and he is constantly striving to improve his already ideal organization in the matter of efficiency and perfect service. Mr. Herr is also interested in the real estate and building business in the southwest part of Cleveland. He is a member of Halcyon Lodge, No. 498, Free and Accepted Masons; Mount Olive Chapter, No. 189, Royal Arch Masons; Forest City Commandery, No. 40, Knights Templar, and Al Koran Temple, Ancient Arabic Order of Nobles of the Mystic Shrine. He was but twenty-one when he was honored to the Shrine, and there are but few who attain that honor at that age. He is a member of the Chamber of Industry, and in politics is independent. CARL A. HAMANN, M. D., F. A. C. S. It is an opinion which will admit of no serious question that Cleveland has its proper share of the most eminent of American surgeons. In the judgment of one who is competent to speak, Dr. Carl A. Hamann would be included in any group of the five Cleveland surgeons most widely known, and with attainments best attested by length and quality of experience. Doctor Hamann has been in practice at Cleveland twenty-five years. He was born in Davenport, Iowa, January 26, 1868, son of Claus H. and Marie (Koenig) Hamann, both natives of Germany. His father, who died at Davenport in 1909, came to America in 1855 and was for nearly half a century a wagon-maker at Davenport. The widowed mother is still living at Davenport. There were three sons: Dr. Carl A.; Henry G., an electrical engineer at Lynn, Massachusetts; and A. W. Hamann, an attorney at Davenport. Doctor Hamann was educated in the public schools of Davenport, graduating from high school in 1886. He taught school two years, and in 1887 entered the University of Pennsylvania Medical School, from which he graduated in 1890. During 1890-91 he was connected with the Lankenau Hospital of Philadelphia, and was also assistant demonstrator of anatomy at the University of Pennsylvania from 1891 to 1893. On removing to Cleveland in 1893 Doctor Hamann in addition to developing his private practice was professor of anatomy in the Western Reserve University Medical School until 1912, and since 1912 has been professor of applied anatomy and clinical surgery. He has also served as dean of the Medical School. He is visiting surgeon to St. Vincent's Charity and Cleveland City hospitals, and is chairman of the 'medical section of the State Council of Defense. Doctor Hamann has given his exclusive attention to surgery. His high standing in the profession is due not only to long 'experience, but to exceptional natural qualifications. 528 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS He has that splendid poise of temperament and exact adjustment between a fine mind and a perfect physique which constitute the ideal surgeon. He is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, a member of the American Surgical Association, the Association of American Anatomists, the American Medical Association, the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Nu Sigma Nu medical fraternity, and also the Alpha Omega Alpha fraternity. Doctor Hamann is a republican in politics and a member of the Unitarian Church. He is also a member of the Union Club, University Club and Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. October 31, 1900, Doctor Hamann married Ella F. Ampt, of Cincinnati, daughter of Judge F. C. Ampt of that city. Mrs. Hamann was born and educated in Cincinnati. She is a member of the Woman's Club of Cleveland. The family reside at 2036 East 89th Street. Doctor and Mrs. Hamann's two children, both born at Cleveland, are Elizabeth M. and Carl A., Jr. W. J. HOYNES is president of the Hoynes Safety Powder Company, with offices in the Leader-News Building of Cleveland. The principal plant of the company at present is near Massillon, Ohio, but the company is planning the erection of another plant in Cuyahoga County. The product manufactured by this company is known as Hoynesite, a safety powder that has achieved remarkable results and demonstrated its clear superiority over every other form of safety powder used in coal mining and other blasting operations. Mr. Hoynes is the inventor of this powder, and it has been growing in favor and use for the past seven or eight years. Hoynesite has many special qualities to distinguish it from the powders and dynamite, nitroglycerin and other explosives. Actual tests and the experience of long use have brought out many of its valuable features. Perhaps the most essential things are safety in handling and using plus efficient results. Hoynesite has the explosive power of dynamite and other powders, but accomplishes its results with less of the destructive energy and the shattering force of other powders. Many tests carried out, especially in coal mining operations, have proved that Hoynesite breaks the coal in large lumps rather than in pulverized slack, and thus increases the profit both of the mine owner and the miner. These are the results from the economic aide, but those affecting the safety of use are equally important. Hoynesite apparently exerts its upheaving and shattering power within limits that can be accurately defined by the operator, and there is no case on record where, under competent handling, a misdirected blast has occasioned destruction of property and lives. This element of safety and restricted but powerful action has made it especially available in blasting work for foundation and other construction. Blasting operations have frequently been carried on within the congested limits of large cities and enormous masses of material have been broken up with no danger to traffic only a few feet away. Not long ago a spark ignited one of the powder houses of the company's plant and not only was there no explosion such as the popular mind has come to associate with powder and dynamite factories, but the fire was kept under control by the operatives at the plant, who apparently experienced no fear in handling and being in close proximity to the high explosive under dangerous conditions. Hoynesite, in spite of its safety character. istics, is rated as a high explosive powder, and while its efficiency is on a par with nitroglycerin, it can be handled and used with a minimum of risk attending the use of explosives. Its safety characteristics caused the Municipal Explosive Commission of the City of New York to grant the company permission to transport and store and use the powder within the limits of the City of New York. Not long ago a test was carried out in Ohio, contrasting the power and also the safety of the powder. A section of a stone quarry, estimated at over 50,000 tons, was torn apart and broken up by a single blast of 400 pounds, the charge being fired by a young girl. This girl a little later took a frying pan and cooked eggs from the fire made by a quantity of the burning powder thrown on the ground and ignited, with no danger to herself or the spectators. The Hoynes Safety Powder Company, of which Mr. Hoynes is president, is a corporation organized under the laws of Delaware with an authorized capitalization of $2,000,000. This company, with principal offices in Cleveland, is the sole owner for the United States and the Dominion of Canada of all the patents, formulae and special equipment for the manufacture of the explosive known as Hoynesite. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 529 CLIFFORD E. SHERRY. The handling of realty in an honorable and legitimate manner is one of the greatest contributing forces in the development of any community, and for this reason Clifford E. Sherry has won the right to be named as one who has added to the growth and advancement of Cleveland. As general manager of the Parkhill Lend and Allotment Company, the Shaker-Overlook Land Company, and of the Rapid Transit Land Company, and vice president of the Ford Realty Company, he has been identified with some of the most important realty projjects carried through to a successful termination in recent years, and ever since his arrival at Cleveland in 1913 has been a force in the development of properties for accommodation of people of moderate means. Mr. Sherry is a native of Covington, Kentucky, and was born June 28, 1873, being a son of John Henry and Jennie (Davis) Sherry. His father, a native of Ohio and a member of an old American family of Irish descent, was engaged in the manufacturing business for many years, until his death in 1916. Mrs. Sherry, who also traces her family back many years in America and then to Wales, still survives and is a resident of Cleveland. Clifford E. Sherry attended the graded and high schools of Covington and Newport, Kentucky, and Cincinnati, Ohio, and his first work was of a mechanical nature. He won promotion in this direction, becoming superintendent of a manufacturing plant at Columbus, but in 1913 came to Cleveland and turned his attention to real estate, being identified with the Continental Realty Company. In May, 1915, he left that concern to form a partnership with Emery H. Komlos, a young man who had recently come to the city and had shown skill and talent in realty matters, and since that time these two have been associated together and have steadily worked their way to an enviable position in business circles. The first enterprise of Messrs. Komlos and Sherry was the Parkhill Land and Allotment Company, of which Mr. Komlos was vice president and Mr. Sherry general manager. This allotment is located near Shaker Heights, Cleveland, and is a model one for the homes of people of small means. It consists of 650 building lots, which have all been sold and developed. When this was completed the partners organized the Shaker-Overlook Land Company, with Mr. Komlos again vice president and Mr. Sherry general manager, and they are now engaged in selling the 800 building lots which are located adjoining the Parkhill allotment, and, like it, an ideal one, served by a car line and being within five minutes' walk of the new rapid transit line known as the Cleveland & Youngstown Railroad. The boulevards in this allotment are eighty and the other thoroughfares seventy feet in width and all lots, in varying widths, are from 140 to 200 feet in depth. As a result of the progressive operations of the partners they now have 1,200 satisfied customers. Their invariable custom of granting fair play and carrying on only honorable transactions has created a feeling of confidence and security in the community, a feeling that is bound to make for better citizenship. In addition to holding the offices noted above, Mr. Sherry is vice president of the Ford Realty Company and has numerous other important interests. Mr. Sherry has seen military service, having enlisted in 1898, during the Spanish-American war, when he became a member of Company L, Eighth Ohio ("McKinley's Own") Regiment, with which he went to Cuba and was in several engagements. He is a republican in politics, but not active as a politician. Mr. Sherry belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club and attends the East Boulevard Presbyterian Church. On September 9, 1902, Mr. Sherry was married at Columbus, Ohio, to Miss Marion A. Blackwood, a native of Cleveland and daughter of James C. Blackwood, who retired after forty years of continuous service as a passenger engineer and is now living at Columbus. Mr. and Mrs. Sherry are the parents of two daughters: Ruth and Edith. EMERY H. KOMLOS. Among the young men who have won success in realty operations at Cleveland, one who has rapidly come to the forefront during recent years is Emery H. Komlos. Mr. Komlos came to Cleveland only in 1914, but since that time has advanced himself to an enviable position in his chosen field of endeavor, and at the present is identified with some of the most successful enterprises of the community, particularly connected with the development of high class property for people of moderate means. He is vice president of the Shaker-Overlook Land Company and of the Rapid Transit Land Company. Emery H. Komlos was born at Budapest, Hungary, March 5, 1886, and is a son of the late Herbert and Malvin (Schoen) Komlos. His father, who was the owner of an estate 530 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS in his native land, passed his life there and died, while Mrs. Komlos still survives and is a resident of Cleveland at the home of her son. Emery H. Komlos was given excellent educational advantages in his youth, attending school and university at Budapest and Vienna, and graduating in law from the latter. He also secured a diploma for his course in agriculture, and with this preparation in 1910 came to the United States and located at New York, where he soon became interested in the real estate and building business. He remained in the eastern metropolis for four years, but in 1914 changed his field of operation to Cleveland, and here continued in the real estate business as sales manager for the Continental Realty Company. In May, 1915, he severed his connection with that concern and formed a partnership with Clifford E. Sherry. They formed the Shaker-Overlook Land Company, and that their idea of development of property under this company, of which Mr. Komlos is vice president and Mr. Sherry general manager, was the right one is evidenced by the immense business done by them during the past two years. They have since been interested in the development of property, particularly for the middle class people and providing good homes under the same conditions that surround the wealthy class. Their first venture together was the Parkhill Land and Allotment Company, of which Mr. Komlos was vice president and Mr. Sherry general manager. This allotment is located near Shaker Heights, Cleveland, and is a model one for homes of people of small means. It consists of 650 building lots which have all been sold and improved. When this was completed the partners organized the Shaker-Overlook Land Company, with an allotment of 800 building lots, adjoining the Parkhill allotment, which they are now engaged in selling. Like the Parkhill, it is a model allotment, served by a three-cent car line and within five minutes' walk of the new rapid transit line known as the Cleveland & Youngstown Railroad. Its boulevards are eighty feet and other streets seventy feet in width and all lots in varying widths are from 140 to 200 feet in depth. The result of the progressive operations of the partners is that they have 1,200 satisfied customers. The system of fair play and honorable dealing employed by Messrs. Komlos and Sherry has created a feeling of confidence that has extended throughout the immediate community. In addition to holding offices noted above, Mr. Komlos is secretary of the Ford Realty Company and has other large interests in the city. He belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club and attends the Christian Science Church, of which Mrs. Kornlos is a member. Prior to coming to this country Mr. Komlos served for one year in the artillery branch of the Hungarian army. While a resident of New York, Mr. Komlos was married in February, 1914, to Miss Bertha Weltman, a native of Kansas City and daughter of Malvin Weltman, deceased. To this union there have been born two children: Edith and Emery H., Jr. THE SCREPPS- MCRAE NEWSFAPERS. Divorcing the pocketbook from the editorial conscience was the plan upon which the Scripps league of newspapers were started nearly forty years ago, and this policy has been consistently followed from the first issue of the first newspaper established by this league up to the present time. The original ideas and ideals of this distinctive journalism were to a large degree the product of E. W. Scripps. The idea of an independent evening daily newspaper had been revolved in his mind for a dozen years and it took form in 1877 with the first number of the Cleveland Press. Mr. Scripps had gathered around him a number of bright young men and began to furnish the kind of information people were anxious to read. Mr. Scripps once wrote: "With no political ends to serve and entire absence of ill feeling the city editor began to handle the city's news with much of the same freedom that would be allowed in conversation. It was a revelation to staid, prosy Cleveland and the Press quickly got the reputation of being a 'sensational' sheet, although compared with later up to date journals in our larger cities it was commendably moderate and respectable. Nat-. urally some took offense to it, but the people generally liked it, even the so-called better classes." A paragraph written some years ago concerning the Cleveland Press is really applicable to the entire league of Scripps newspapers. "It has never sought popularity where a matter of principle was involved, and it has in fact alienated not a few by its persistency in advocating reforms that did not dovetail in with the personal and financial interests of some of its advertisers. But it has never emerged from a fight for a principle, whether it lost or won the battle, without be- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 531 ing stronger with the people than before the contest." The first editorial in the first issue of the Press immediately under the newspaper title was the beginning of a protest against charging a toll over the Superior Avenue viaduct. It was a successful protest in behalf of the common people and ever since that day the interests of the common people have been uppermost in directing the policy of the Scripps-McRae League newspapers. Today the Scripps' newspapers comprises twenty-two dailies in all parts of the United States. In all matters of news the pocketbook has exibited no trace of influence upon the editorial conscience, and the news is handled entirely from a news standpoint for what it is worth as news. Scripps-McRae introduced a new era in American journalism The old policies of newspapers of forty years ago were abruptly changed. Scientific condensation of the news has made it possible to print all that is really news and sell a paper for a penny. The Cleveland Press was the pioneer penny newspaper of the country and the first to desert the then customary form of handling the news of the day. This new and distinctive policy in both the news and editorial columns was later followed by some of the greatest newspapers in the East and the West. Prominent among them may be mentioned the New York World, the New York Times, the Kansas City Star, and the Chicago Daily News, which today emulate the original Scripps plan. It is not too much to say that the Scripps papers were the pioneers in independent and fearless journalism and today are famous for the world's greatest feature and art service. The slogan of the league has been a paper for the people and of the people. The far-sighted policy of the originators has borne golden fruit, and people in every state have come to look upon the word Scripps as a trademark and guarantee of loyalty and devotion to the popular interests and welfare. The Scripps papers are divided into four great divisions. The California division includes the Los Angeles Record, the Sacramento Star, the San Diego Sun and the San Francisco News. The Northwestern division comprises the Seattle Star, the Spokane Press, the Tacoma Times and the Portland News. The Middle West division comprises the Denver Express, the Evansville, Indiana, Press, the Terre Haute Press, the Memphis Tennes see Press, the Dallas Dispatch and the Houston Press. The Eastern division, or what is better known as the Scripps-McRae newspapers, comprise the Cleveland Press, the Des Moines News, the Kentucky Post of Covington, the Akron Press, the Cincinnati Post, the Columbus Citizen, the Toledo News-Bee and the Oklahoma News. Of this latter group Mr. W. H. Dodge is president; Earle E. Martin, editor in chief. These gentlemen shape the business and editorial policy of the eight newspapers last named. LOUIS J. PIRC, one of the editors and proprietors of the Clevelandiska Amerika, js an accepted and recognized leader among the Jugoslav population of this city and of Ohio. Mr. Pirc has done a great work through his paper and his individual influence in the way of propaganda to thoroughly Americanize the people of his nationality, and thus he is more than a business man, is and has been for years a teacher, educator, and leader in all the liberal thought and opinion of one of the most advanced American communities. Mr. Pirc was born at Carniola in South Austria July 4, 1886. His father now deceased, was a native of the same province and was a land owner and farmer. Louis J. Pirc attended the common schools and the high schools of his native country and spent five years in Ljubljana College. He has certificates from that institution showing his scholarship and exemplary record. He gave up his studies in 1904 to come to America, and spent one year in New York City at work in the banking house of Prank Sakser & Company. Coming to Cleveland, he was assistant editor for the daily newspaper New Home, a Slovenian daily, but after a year returned to New York. While there he was editor of the Alas Naroda (Voice of the People). One of his most interesting experiences in America was gained during a year of residence at Rock Springs, Wyoming. While there Mr. Pirc was employed as a night school teacher and instructed a class of miners representing seventeen distinct nationalities in the rudiments of the English language. That he was able to do the work is a testimony to his personal command of many languages, but he accomplished so much while there that the mayor of the city, Joseph Iredale, saw 532 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS fit to write out an express recommendation expressing his high appreciation of this valuable civic service to the community. In 1909 Mr. Fire returned to Cleveland and since then has been editor and part owner of the Clevelandiska Amerika, the oldest Slovenian tri-weekly in America. The daily newspapers in Cleveland have repeatedly spoken in the highest terms of Mr. Pirc's work. The Amerika under the proprietorship of Mr. Edward Kalish and Mr. Pirc has been the medium for teaching of new and improved ideals and especially for the extension of American education among the Slovenian people. Many of these people formerly would allow their children to attend school only through the grammar grades. The Amerika has kept up a persistent campaign in favor of a lengthening of the term of school attendance, not only through high school but into college, and as a result there are at this writing between thirty-six and forty young Slovenians of Cleveland who are students in college. For the last eight years Mr. Pirc has conducted a free night school. This school holds three sessions each week, and during the eight years more than 3,000 foreigners have been instructed there At ;east 2.000 of these have been made over into real American citizens, not only naturalized but have been brought into an appreciation of American ways and customs. .Without the school and Mr. Pirc's influence doubtless most of these would never have applied for citizenship. Mr. Pirc also established the American Political Club for men of Slovenian nationality. He has been its president for the past eight years. The purpose of this club is to Americanize people of that nationality, to teach them how to vote and to appreciate the significance of the ballot. At Rock Springs, Wyoming, January 21, 1908, Mr. Pirc married Miss Constantina Kalish, daughter of Edward Kalish and sister of Edward Kalish, the latter joint publisher of the Clevelandiska Amerika. Mr. and Mrs. Pirc have two children: Louis Theodore and Constantina Mildred. Mr. Pirc is a member of the Knights of the Maccabees and belongs to fully a dozen Slovenian societies. He is a member of the Slovenian National Library, which is an important Cleveland institution with 4,000 volumes in the English and Slovenian tongues and with a file of from sixty to seventy newspapers. He is also president of the Slovenian Political Club, director of the Slovenian National Home, for which at this writing over $30,000 have been accumulated for a building which will be erected in 1918, to cost $75,000. Mr. Fire is a member of the mayor's advisory war committee, was a member of the City Committee at the Perry Centennial, and for the past three years has been active in the American Red Cross Association. He has also done much work in connection with the Associated Charities of Cleveland. He is an independent democrat and has consistently exerted his influence in behalf of improved conditions of local government. WILLIAM G. MUSSUN, M. D., is a specialist in ear, nose and throat, and his skill and thoroughness have brought him a rapidly growing practice. Doctor Mussun has concentrated much of his time in his special field for the past five years. He was born at Birmingham, England, October 24, 1882, but was brought to Cleveland when only five years old by his parents, Henry William and Mary Jane (Glynn) Mus- sun. His father was a native of England and his mother of Wales. They married in England. Henry W. Mussun was a soldier in the English army for a number of years. After coming to the United States in 1887 they settled in Cleveland, and both parents are still living and retired. The father was connected with the paving business after coming to this country. In their family are seven children, two sons and five daughters, all born in England and all still living. Five of them are residents of Cleveland, one resides at Lima, Ohio, and one in Chicago. All the children are married. Doctor Mussun, fifth in age, was educated in Cleveland, attending grammar school and also the Central Institute, a school of academic grade. In 1909 he received his degree from the Ohio Wesleyan University Medical School. In 1910 he located for practice in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, a year later moved to Mentor, Ohio, and since 1915 has been in Cleveland, and through his connections with Lakeside Hospital Dispensary and a postgraduate course in ear, nose and throat at Harvard in 1917, has developed his practice in his special work, and his private offices are in the Osborne Building. Doctor Mussun is a member of the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, and the American Medical Association. He is a Phi Beta Pi and a member of the Independent CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 533 Order of Foresters. Doctor Mussun resides at 3349 Euclid Heights Boulevard in Cleveland Heights. December 14, 1910, at Natchez, Mississippi, he married Miss Ruth Ranney Hubbard. Mrs. Mussun was born at Hudson, Ohio, and lived in the South until she was about twelve years of age. She finished her education in Berea, Ohio. Her parents, V. S. and Eva (Shields) Hubbard, are now living on their farm at Northfield, Ohio. Doctor and Mrs. Mussun have four children, all born in Cleveland, named William George, Ruth Marian, Harry and Bruce. ALEXANDER EPHRAIM BROWN. Of Cleveland men who have contributed their constructive genius to lightening the burdens of the world, one whose name acquired renown in engineering circles the world over was the late Alexander E. Brown. He chose a career the exact reverse of an easy one and developed his high talents by use and experience in some of the great work shops and industrial centers of the country. When a young man he was employed by a bridge building concern in Massillon, Ohio. Here his inventive ability first was put to material use. He contrived a system of building bridge columns with old iron or steel rails which had formerly been considered as merely scrap. However, this invention sinks into insignificance beside an invention which originated during his Massillon experience with the bridge building concern. One day he witnessed a crowd of laborers unloading a large ship at the ore docks. Each laborer was equipped with a wheelbarrow and trim-died it back and forth from the hold of the vessel to the wharf. Though a long line of such laborers were kept busy, like a column of ants, it required days to empty the cargo of a big lake steamer. After witnessing this process for a time young Brown remarked to a friend: "All that work ought to be done automatically and all those laborers ought to be otherwise employed." It was the germ of a great idea. Perhaps any innocent bystander or every day philosopher might have come to a similar conclusion, but Alexander E. Brown had that type of mind and character which seized an idea and eventually translates it into concrete results. The wheelbarrow method of unloading ship cargoes cost about 50 cents per ton for ore or coal or other similar commodities. Mr. Brown felt that some appication of automatic machinery might be made to the problem and thus effect not only a vast economy in expense of loading or unloading but also a proportionate saving in time. It was with this conviction and its consequent train of thought and constructive imagination that Mr. Brown came back to his native home in Cleveland. He was born in Cleveland, May 14, 1852. His father was the late Fayette Brown, banker and manufacturer, and one of the men who developed Cleveland as a great industrial center. A consideration of his career is reserved for other pages of this pub-ligation. Alexander E. Brown attended the public schools, graduated from the Central High School, and took a special course in civil engineering at the Brooklyn Polytechnical Institute in 1872. For one year he was connected with the United States Geological Survey, being employed in the Yellowstone National Park. While there he was offered and accepted the position with The Massillon Bridge Company. Later, on returning to Cleveland, he continued to work as a mechanical engineer but spent all his spare hours developing the idea planted in his mind while watching the unloading of the ore steamer. After five years of patient research and constant experimentation he developed the essential principles and device known as the Brown Hoisting Machine. This type of hoisting machine, with various modifications and supplementary improvements, is now familiar at every ore and coal dock around practically the entire globe. The first seen of the type was built and set up on the Erie docks in Cleveland. After he had demonstrated its working young Brown had no trouble in organizing and capitalizing a company. That was the beginning of the Brown Hoisting & Conveying Machine Company, which today uses a capital of $2,000,000, employs 1,300 operatives in its shops and offices and manufactures an extensive line of hoisting machinery, most of which is based upon patents secured by Mr. Brown and which are distributed over all the world. Mr. Brown became vice president and general manager of the Brown Hoisting Machinery Company in 1880 and held that position until his death. He worked out the plans for many of the largest types of lifting machines, and his inventions have not only reduced the price of handling ore, coal and similar commodities, but have made possible the rapid digging of canals and building of ships. He secured many patents on hoisting 634 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS machinery, machines and appliances for iron, steel and coke work, ship building, process and material for reinforcing concrete, one form of which is widely known under the trade name of Ferroinclave. Mr. Brown was identified with a number of Cleveland organizations, and was honored as the twenty-first president of the Civil Engineers Club, serving in 1904-05. He was a member of the Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Mining Engineers, the Engineers Club of New York and the Union and Country clubs of Cleveland. He died April 26, 1911, as a result of a stroke of paralysis which had afflicted him some two years before. Thus this eminent American inventor, engineer and manufacturer was taken away when in the midst of life's responsibilities and before he had attained the age of sixty years. Speaking of Mr. Brown's individual traits, one who was a life-long intimate, says: "He was a truly personable man in every respect. Even his stature was exceptional, and, in keeping therewith, his carriage, and cast of countenance, without austerity, were lofty and serene. Although his mind and feelings acted intensely, and his disposition was highly concentrative, his outward equipoise was generally undisturbed, his habitual mien being kind, cheerful and interested, winning. "He wished for the goodwill of others and worked happily upon a common task. Like all original natures, however, he was self-reliant in his mental aptitudes, and little disposed to follow beaten paths unquestioned. Even as a school-boy, while far from being intractable, he met his problems with independence and would show an amiable glee and satisfaction when their solutions were reached by some method of his own rather than by accepted rules. He was by no means dogmatic, however, in any position assumed, but delighted to defend such from his own point of view, and to argue its soundness through. "This tendency remained to the end, and one made but scant progress with him who advanced a given proposition behind the shield of precedent. A conclusion once reached, in matters of his profession, for instance, was believed in without qualification and acted upon without doubts, results being left to take care of themselves. "His massive engineering achievements are all so many monuments to this characteristic. "He was fond of companionship, relied upon friendship, and an attachment once formed, was not lightly given up. He admired those he loved, and would love the he admired. He liked to believe well of others, and, without a proper purpose, was never the first to reduce the general estimate in which others were held. While charitable to human weaknesses, and gentle as sunshine to a repentant soul, he nevertheless could be stern and unforgiving toward pronounced indecorum or wrong." Mr. Brown married Miss Carrie Id. Barnett November 14, 1877, the daughter of the late Gen. James Barnett, soldier, merchant and banker, whose activities were a vital part of Cleveland's history and without mention of whom no history of the city would be complete. CHARLES K. HILL. The business record of Charles K. Hill can be stated in a few words. When he was about sixteen years old he went to work in the Taunton plant of Caswell and Converse Company. The affairs of that business have been his absorbing interest and occupation ever since. In 1888 the business moved to Cleveland and became known as the Honest Count Tack Company, and afterwards changed to the H. C. Tack Company. He had one promotion after another to additional tasks and responsibilities, and now for a number of years has been the real executive in charge of the industry, which is a large and important one at East Eighty-third Street and Holton Avenue. Mr. Hill is secretary of the company. Though Cleveland has been his home since early youth Mr. Hill was born in Taunton, Massachusetts, May 11, 1869. He comes of a race of strong and sturdy people, some of the lines having been colonial Americans, and many in the paternal line have been identified with some form of mechanical industry. His grandfather, Henry Hill, was born in Sheffield, England, and brought his family to the United States in 1852. He was a file cutter by trade, and was one of the pioneer manufacturer of files in the United States. For a number of years he had a shop at Taunton, Massachusetts, but about 1871 moved to Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, and continued in the same line of business with the Great Western File Works. He died at Beaver CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 535 Falls in 1875. He married Susan Keeling, who was born at Sheffield and died at Beaver Falls in 1898. W. H. Hill, father of Charles K., was born in Sheffield, England. He was two years old when his parents came to the United States and he grew up and married at Taunton, Massachusetts, and spent his active career there as a silversmith. He died at Taunton in 1911. He was a republican and a very active member of the Episcopal Church and for years sang in its choir. W. H. Hill married Elizabeth Robins, who was born at Taunton and is still living in that city. Some of her ancestors came over at the time of the Mayflower and settled at Plymouth, Massachusetts. Charles K. Hill's grandmother was a granddaughter of a Mr. Byron, who served in the Revolutionary war under General Washington. His old musket which he carried through that war is still possessed by the family. His grandson was for four years a Union soldier in the Civil war and his rifle is also kept by the family. The Byrons were also among the pioneers of the Plymouth Colony in Massachusetts. Elizabeth Robins' stepfather, William Watts, was a captain of the Taunton Militia during the Civil war. He died at Taunton in 1914. W. H. Hill and wife had a family of nine children: Fred, who died in infancy; Charles K.; Ernest, who died at the age of two and a half years; Clifford, who died in an epidemic of diphtheria at the age of three years; Marian, wife of Smith Blackwood of Beaver Falls, Pennsylvania, who operates a chain of tea, coffee-and spice stores; Myron, a silversmith at Taunton, Massachusetts; George, an engraver and die cutter at Cleveland; Walter, who died at the age of nineteen; and Florence, who resides with her mother in Taunton. Charles K. Hill attended the public schools of Taunton, including high school, and in December, 1888, came to Cleveland, finishing his education in courses in the night schools here. He specialized in mechanics. At the age of sixteen he went to work as feeder with the Caswell & Converse Company, was made operator, and his ready proficiency in all branches of the business promoted him to the responsibilities of overseeing the building and installation of all the machinery in the factory. At the present time he has under his supervision 200 men employed in the large plant and offices of the company. The output of this factory is sold practically over the entire world. Mr. Hill is a stockholder in the Massachusetts Life Insurance Company, an active member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and WAS affiliated with Banner Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellow», with the Episcopal Church, and in politics is a republican. In April, 1901, Mr. Hill finished a modern home at 11803 Phillips Avenue in Cleveland. He married at Cleveland in April, 1902, Miss Margaret Rees, daughter of Valentine and Annie (Winont) Rees, both now deceased. Her father was a butcher. They have a family of four children. William, the oldest, finished his early training with a course in the Case School of Applied Science and is now foreman for the American Steel and Wire Works of Cleveland, his home being on Mapledale Avenue. Ralph V. is a graduate of the Central Institute and Technical High School, and is now in the United States navy on the battleship Kearsage. Clifford is a member of the class of 1919 in the Staunton Military Academy at Staunton, Virginia. Myron, the youngest, is a junior in the Glenville High School. JACOB DOLSON COX has been one of the leaders in Cleveland industrial and civic affairs nearly forty years. He has applied himself as successfully to business and industry as did his honored father before him, J. D. Cox, Sr., to the law, military affairs and politics, and as his brother, the noted Kenyon Cox, to painting and the general domain of art. His father, Jacob Dolson Cox, Sr., was born in Montreal, October 27, 1828, came to Ohio in early life, was educated in Oberlin College,. and for many years practiced law at Warren. During the Civil war he rose to the rank of major general in the Union army. Before the war he served in the State Senate and in 1865 was elected governor of Ohio. During Grant's first administration he served as Secretary of the Interior, and subsequently declined several of the higher honors of American politics. For many years he practiced law at Cincinnati and was Dean of the Cincinnati Law School. He died August 4, 1900. General Cox married Helen Finney, whose father, Charles G. Finney, was the distinguished president of Oberlin College. 536 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Jacob Dolson Cox, Jr., attended the public schools of Warren, but at the age of seventeen came to Cleveland and carved his own career largely independent of the prestige of his father. He learned the rolling mill business by actual experience with the Cleveland Iron Company, serving as machinist, roll turner, roller, puddler. He also gained a knowledge of marine engine work with the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company in the building and erection of the engines of the first twin screw steamer built on the Great Lakes, the steamer Amazon. In 1875 he devoted himself to the study of mechanical drawing and other technical branches. Mr. Cox in June, 1876, bought a half interest in the business of C. C. Newton of Dunkirk, New York. This was a business for the manufacture of twist drills and tools. In September, 1876, the firm of Newton and Cox moved its plant to Cleveland, and in 1880 Mr. Cox bought his partner's interest. F. F. Prentiss was then admitted to partnership under the name of Cox & Prentiss and this was the firm name until Mr. Cox retired from active management in January, 1904, at which date the industry was incorporated under the name Cleveland Twist Drill Company. When the plant was first put in operation at Cleveland it had only two employes, besides the partners. Twenty-five years later the employes numbered 1,000 men, and for a number of years the Cleveland Twist Drill Company has been one of the largest industries of the city and with a product nationally and internationally known. After retiring from the active management of the business Mr. Cox retained his place as one of the directors and president of the company. Mr. Cox has some of the interest and accomplishments of his famous brother Kenyon, though his active business career has afforded him little opportunity for the pursuit of artistic work. He has been keenly interested in photography, microscopic studies, has traveled extensively, and has enjoyed the outdoor recreations of golf, boating and motoring. He was one of the original members of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, served as first vice president, and has been a trustee of the Case School of Applied Science, director of the Cleveland Trust Company, director of the Cleveland and Pittsburgh Railroad, and in many ways has used his influence to promote the best interests of the city. He is a member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the Engineers Club of Cleveland, the Engineers Club of New York City, belongs to the Society of Mayflower Descendants of Ohio and New York and the Loyal Legion. He is also a member of the Union, Mayfield and Country clubs of Cleveland, Midwick Club of Pasadena, California, and Essex County Club, Massachusetts. Mr. Cox married in 1878 Miss Ellen Prentiss. Her father was Judge S. B. Prentiss. Mr. and Mrs. Cox had three children: Samuel H.; Jacob D.; and Jeanette Prentiss, Mrs. Gordon N. Morrill of Cleveland. GORDON NILES MORRILL, M. D. A resident of Cleveland since 1910, Doctor Morrill is one of the leading specialists in orthopedic surgery in Ohio, and is especially well known to the general public because he was one of the surgeons comprising the noted Lakeside Hospital Unit which sailed for France May 18, 1917, and was the first American military, unit to join the overseas forces upon the declaration of war with Germany. Doctor Morrill was a surgeon with the Lakeside Unit at Base Hospital No. 4, in France, and was granted his honorable discharge and returned to Cleveland in July, 1918, on account of physical disability. Doctor Morrill represents an old Massachusetts family and was born at Boston February 24, 1878. His parents were Dr. Ferdinand Gordon and Arria (Niles) Morrill of Boston. The father was a native of Boston and the mother was born just outside that city. Both are now deceased. Dr. Ferdinand G. Morrill practiced over thirty years at Boston and attained many of the best honors of his profession. In later life he had his home and offices at Magnolia during the summer and every winter was spent in Egypt, where he continued his professional work. He died while in Egypt and his wife passed away at Boston. They had two sons. Doctor Morrill's older brother, Samuel, was for a number of years connected with the American embassy at Paris and Berlin, but on account of ill health is now living retired at Boston. Gordon Niles Morrill graduated from a private school at Boston, and graduated in 1905 from the Harvard Medical School. He served as an interne in the City Hospital of Boston, and was also connected with the Massachusetts General Hospital as orthopedic interne. At Cleveland Doctor Morrill is direc- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 537 tor of the orthopedic staff of Lakeside Hospital, was a member of the staff of St. Luke's Hospital, is visiting orthopedist at Rainbow Hospital, and visiting surgeon to the Warrensville Reformatory. He is a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons. Some of his outside interests are represented by his membership in the University Club of Cleveland and the Hunting Club at Gates Mill, Ohio. Doctor Morrill has his offices in the Osborn Building and his home is at 11025 Magnolia Drive. January 6, 1909, he married Miss Jeanette Prentiss Cox, of Cleveland, daughter of Jacob D. Cox, Sr., a brief sketch of whose career appears elsewhere. Mrs. Morrill was born and educated in Cleveland. The three children of Doctor and Mrs. Morrill were all born at Cleveland and are named Ferdinand Gordon, Janet and Elizabeth. BENSON MCILRATH, manager of the Kilby Manufacturing Company and one of the men who have done most to improve vacant real estate in Cleveland and vicinity within the last twenty years, has many ties that bind him to this community. He has spent all his life here, and his family was one of the first to establish a permanent home within the district now included in Cleveland. The McIlraths are Scotch-Irish and the ancestors of the present generation came from the North of Ireland and settled in New Hampshire in colonial days. The family was established in Cuyahoga County more than a century ago. It will be recalled that Moses Cleaveland came with his party of surveyors and explorers to what is now Cleveland in 1796. Just five years later, when all the Lake Erie shore was a vast wilderness, Alexander McIlrath, great-grandfather of Benson, arrived at Collinwood, then known as Euclid Township. He came here from New Hampshire and was a pioneer farmer of Euclid Township and died at Collinwood. Alexander McIlrath, Jr., the grandfather, was born at Collinwood and spent all his life there, passing away in 1885, when past fourscore years of age. He was a plasterer and contractor, and in that capacity materially helped in building the cities of Collinwood and Cleveland. He married Caroline Meeker, who was born at Collinwood in 1827 and died there in 1917, being one of the last survivors of the real pioneer settlers. The father of Benson McIlrath is Hugh G. McIlrath, who was born at Collinwood in 1843 and is today the oldest living native resident of that part of the Cleveland District. Furthermore he has the distinction of being the oldest engineer of the New York Central Railway. Five years ago he was retired on a pension, after having served over forty years. As a youth he took part in the Civil war and was a member of the Squirrel Hunters Brigade. He is a republican, and a very active member of the Church of the Disciples. Hugh G. McIlrath married Marcia A. Allen, who was born at Fairview, Pennsylvania, in 1840. They became the parents of eight children and several of their family are railroad people. The oldest child, C. G. McIlrath, is connected with the White Company at Cleveland and resides at Collinwood. Eva died in 1898, wife of Arthur B. Hurd, a general merchant at Aurora, Ohio. The third is Benson McIlrath. Alexander is a railroad man living at Collinwood. Caroline married Edwin Johnston, who lives at Collinwood and is a conductor with the New York Central. Delight is the wife of Charles Bond, who is also connected with the New York Central and lives at Collinwood. Vinnie married B. C. Scott, who is general sales manager for the South Bend Wagon Works at South Bend, Indiana. Oliver B., whose home is with his parents, is serving in the United States army. Mr. Benson McIlrath was born at Erie, Pennsylvania, April 26, 1877, but has spent practically all his life in Cleveland. He was educated in the public schools of Collinwood, graduating from high school in 1895, graduated in 1897 from Caton's Business College at Cleveland, then spent two years studying law in Baldwin University. Ever since leaving college Mr. Mcllrath has engaged in real estate and building at Cleveland. He is now manager of the Kilby Manufacturing Company, with offices at Hayden Avenue and Shaw Avenue. Mr. McIlrath has superintended the construction of fifty houses in Cleveland, and has sold lots for over 500 homes, all of which have been improved with residences. More than 500 of these lots and homes have been sold in Collinwood alone. Mr. McIlrath is a republican and a member of the Disciples Church. His home is at 783 East One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Street. December 25, 1900, at Collinwood, he married Miss Jennie B. Barnett, daughter of F. E. and Annie (Young) Barnett, who reside at 793 East One Hundred and Fifty-fourth Street. Mr. Barnett is a passenger 538 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS conductor with the New York Central Railway. Mr. and Mrs. McIlrath have one daughter, Lucile, born July 4, 1911. ROBERT G. NIERMAN. This is a name familiar to automobile circles throughout Cleveland and other parts of Northern Ohio. Mr. Nierman is proprietor of the City Auto Tire & Supply Company on East Twenty-fourth Street and Chester Avenue, and as a jobber and distributor of tires and other automobile accessories has built up trade connections with most of the retail houses all over this part of the state. Mr. Nierman is a native of Cleveland, having been born here August 1, 1885. Three generations of the family have lived in Cleveland and have exemplified substantial American citizenship. His grandparents, John and Emma Nierman, were both natives of Germany. The grandfather was born in 1813 and after his marriage settled in Cleveland and was a pioneer grocer, flour and feed merchant and dealer on the West Side. He died at Cleveland in 1878. William G. Nierman, father of Robert G., was born in Cleveland in 1853 and has spent his entire career in this city. He was a very expert workman as a steel temperer, and still followed this line of work in Cleveland. His home is at 2816 Monroe Avenue. Politically he votes as an independent and is a member of the Knights of Pythias fraternity. William G. Nierman married Frederika Weinhardt, who was born in Cleveland in 1853. They had just two children. Robert G. and Emma. The latter is a highly educated woman and a teacher in the Cleveland public schools. She graduated from high school, from Western Reserve University and from the Cleveland Normal School. Robert G. Nierman finished his work in the West High School in 1904 and the following year went to work with the Diamond Rubber Company as shipping clerk. He was later promoted to store manager but resigned in 1908 to identify himself with the City Auto Tire and Supply Company. He bought out and became sole proprietor of this business in 1909 and has done much to develop and expand it under his ownership. The plant and offices are on East Twenty-fourth Street and Chester Avenue. Mr. Nierman also owns the building, a modern brick structure, well equipped and arranged for this special business. For the past seven years Mr. Nierman has represented and distributed the tires of the Miller Rubber Company all over Northern Ohio. In 1915 he established a new department devoted to supplying the motor car trade through the dealer and garage with their requirements in automobile rims and rim part& This has since been developed into a large and important branch of the business. Mr. Nierman represents every rim maker of prominence in the United States. In 1909 he also established a business at Toledo, now known as the Peerless Rubber Product Company, of which he is majority stockholder. This is a business similar in character to that of the City Auto Tire & Supply Company of Cleveland, and has developed an extensive jobbing trade in that city and territory. Mr. Nierman is an independent voter and is affiliated with Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks, and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He resides at 10016 North Boulevard. November 1, 1912, at Detroit, Michigan, he married Miss Bertha L. Smith. Her mother, Mrs. Mary E. Smith, formerly of Detroit, now lives at Richmond, Michigan. G. E. WHALING & SON COMPANY. The business of G. E. Whaling & Son Company was established in Cleveland in 1908 for the manufacture of patterns, and in recent years in addition to the pattern business a most distinctive industry has been added—that of the manufacturing of the world's famous "Whaling Good Fishing Rods." This branch of the firm's business is the outgrowth of a hobby and has led to the making of what is admitted the strongest and most perfectly balanced split bamboo rods in the market Modern followers of the piscatorial art require no introduction to the fame of these rods and they are in fact used and being rapidly introduced to all quarters of the world. George E. Whaling, president of the G. E. Whaling & Son Company, was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, September 9, 1857, a son of Morris and Oella (Gore) Whaling. Oella Gore's grandfather, Samuel Gore, was one of two who escaped from the Wyoming Indian massacre in Pennsylvania. Morris Whaling was born in Pennsylvania in 1817 and died in Bradford County in 1864. He was a general workman and at the beginning of the Civil war enlisted in the One Hun- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 539 dred and Twenty-first Pennsylvania Infantry, and as a result of hardships incurred during his service died before the war was over. His wife, Oella Gore, was born in Pennsylvania in 1827, and lived to the age of eighty-five, passing away in Bradford County in 1912. George E. Whaling was educated in the Soldiers,' Orphans' School at Hartford, Pennsylvania, also attended public schools at North Rome in that state. At the age of sixteen he went to work on the farm, but a year and a half later served an apprenticeship at the blacksmith's trade, and operated his business of blacksmith until 1904, when he located at Kent, Ohio, where he remained until 1908, when he joined his son in establishing their present business, the first location being on Leonard Avenue. In 1909 the blacksmithing department was abandoned and the energies of the partners were devoted entirely to pattern making, their patronage in that line demanding the full capacity of the plant. It was in 1915 that the firm added a special department for the making of the "Whaling Good Fishing Rods." Their output has been wed in all the big tournaments throughout the United States, and in a few brief years the firm has become known for making the best rods in the world. Their best makes are probably the most expensive articles of the kind. At present the pattern department is confined to the making of patterns for war orders, and is running to full capacity. The plant and offices of the G. E. Whaling & Son Company are at 801 Champlain Avenue and twenty-two hands find regular employment. This was first conducted as a partnership but in 1915 it was incorporated under its present name, with G. E. Whaling, president, W. Vasey, vice-president and Ralph A. Whaling, secretary and treasurer. Mr. G. E. Whaling owns a residence at 1253 Brockley Avenue, Lakewood. He votes independently, served as treasurer of the school board in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, four years, is an active member of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and is a member and past noble grand of Rome Lodge No. 480 of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows in Bradford County. On June 4, 1884, at Nichols, New York, he married Miss Sarah Bush, a native of England, daughter of George H. and Charlotte (Crow) Bush. They have two sons: Ralph A. and Henry M., the latter being a real estate broker at Lakewood, Ohio. Ralph A. Whaling was born in Bradford County, Pennsylvania, January 25, 1886, was educated in the public schools of his native state, finishing in the Sayre High School. Leaving school in 1902, he learned the trade of cabinet maker in Pennsylvania and Ohio, and in August, 1905, came to Cleveland, where he worked for himself until 1908. In that year he established the pattern and blacksmithing shop with his father. Mr. Ralph A. Whaling is independent in politics and a member of the Methodist Episcopal Church. In 1905, at Kent, Ohio, he married Miss Maude Lovell, daughter of Ralph and Mary (Dunning) Lovell, who are retired residents of Kent. Mr. and Mrs. Whaling have one child, Delphine, born August 8, 1910. They reside in their own home at 1664 Cordova Avenue, Lakewood. SOLOMON WEIMER. It would be difficult to discover more enduring distinctions to associate with the service of anyone who has been connected with educational life of Cleveland than those freely acknowledged as belonging to Solomon Weimer. Mr. Weimer has been connected with the public schools of Cleveland over thirty years. He helped educate thousands of young men and women who at the present time are in their very prime of usefulness. There are many children in the public schools of Cleveland whose fathers and mothers were pupils of Solomon Weimer. Aside from the value of the personal service that has marked his relations with more than a generation of students, his distinctive contribution to Cleveland educational life has been as founder and since its founding, as principal of the High School of Commerce. The Cleveland High School of Commerce is one of the first vocational schools or specialized high schools in the state. Mr. Weimer supplied much of the careful thought and planning that entered into its organization. He had the active assistance and co-operation of thirty prominent business and professional men of Cleveland in establishing this school in 1909. This is not the place to enter into an extended description of the High School of Commerce, but it should be noted that the school is not to be confused with a business college or as the average business department of a high school. It is rather the highly specialized and technical school of commerce which exists in the more modern universities, with special modifications and adaptations to the purposes of a public school institution. The Cleveland High School of Commerce offers a 540 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS more elaborate course than the average business college, extending over four years, and its graduates not only receive special technical training but a broadly specialized education in commercial affairs. The school has already sent out over one thousand graduates, and these graduates, by their work, have furnished most convincing argument which justifies the existence and the continued work and development of the school. The main building of the High School of Commerce is at the corner of Bridge Avenue and Randall Road, but the Board of Education has also just established a similar school on the east side of the river known as the Longwood High School of Commerce. Solomon Weimer was born at Wilmot, Ohio, June 26, 1852. The Weimers came to America and settled in Pennsylvania before the Revolution. His father, Gabriel Weimer, was born in Fayette County, Pennsylvania., in 1801. In 1813 the Weimer family removed to Canal Dover, Ohio, where they were active pioneers and where Gabriel Weimer came to manhood and had his early business experiences. In 1820 he removed to Wilmot, Ohio. In young manhood he was a harness maker, but the rest of his life was devoted to farming. He died at Wilmot in 1876. He was a republican after the organization of that party and at one time served as director of the Stark County Infirmary. He was a very ardent and devoted member of the United Brethren Church. Gabriel Weimer by his first wife was the father of six children : Eli, the oldest, was a farmer and died at Wilmot; Sarah Ann married a Mr. Crise, a farmer, and she died in DeKalb County, Indiana, her husband also being deceased. Susan married Henry Bash, both now deceased. Henry Bash was a stock dealer and for a number of years was in the government service at Port Townsend, Washington. His son, Albert W. Bash, was collector of customs at Port Townsend under Garfield's administration and later was prominent in the railway construction work in China, in co-operation with the late Senator Brice of Ohio. Orlando Weimer, the fourth child of Gabriel, was a farmer and died at Beach City, Ohio. Caroline, who died at Port Townsend, Washington, was the wife of Frank M. Horton, a manufacturer, also deceased. Sybilla, deceased, married Bayless Grant, a retired farmer at Wilmot, Ohio. For his second wife Gabriel Weimer married Elizabeth Brown. She was born in Somerset County, Pennsylvania, in 1813 and died at Wilmot, Ohio, in 1896. She became the mother of six children, Professor Weimer being the youngest. The oldest, Frank, was a monument dealer and died at Beach City, Ohio. Oliver was a talented musician, a composer of music, and a teacher of the art, who died at Wilmot. Rose Ann married Bishop W. M. Stanford, a bishop of the United Evangelical Church, their home being at Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Uriah was a berry grower and died at Wilmot, Ohio. Catherine became a professional artist and died unmarried at Port Townsend, Wash- ington. From this record it will be seen that Solomon Weimer comes of a family of artistic tendencies and with rather decided inclination for the professions and for intellectual work. He was educated in the public schools of Wilmot, took preparatory work at Mount Union College in Ohio, and in 1878 graduated A. B. from Otterbein University at Westerville, Ohio. His alma mater conferred upon him the degree of Master of Arts in 1881. Professor Weimer is now rounding out his fortieth year of continuous educational performance. Iii the fall of 1878 he went to Roanoke, Indiana, and for a year was principal of the Roanoke Academy. From 187) to 1886 he was superintendent of the public schools of Navarre, Ohio, and in the latter year came to Cleveland as a teacher in the Central High School. While an all around educator, Mr. Weimer has always been more or less of a specialist in mathematics and was head of the mathematical department of the Central High School until 1899. For ten years from 1899 to 1909 he was assistant principal, and his services were then called to the big task of establishing and organizing the High. School of Commerce. In 1902 Mr Weimer organized the evening high schools and for seven years supervised these schools in the City of Cleveland. Mr. Weimer is an independent republican, a member of the City Club and the Chamber of Industry of Cleveland and of the Epworth Memorial Church. Professionally he is identified with the National Educational Association, and is a member of the Ohio State Educational Association and the Northeastern Ohio Educational Association. He has always interested himself in those broader matters that concern Cleveland citizenship. In 1908 he built his modern home at 1480 Rydal Mount Road in Cleveland Heights. Mr. Weimer married in 1881, at Navarre in Stark County, Ohio, Miss Katherine Diedler, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 541 a daughter of Charles and Eva (Smith) Diedler, both now deceased. Her father was a merchant. Mr. Weimer's family consists of two daughters: Ethel, who is a graduate of the Cleveland Central High School, the College for Women of Western Reserve University, and the Normal School of Cleveland and lives with her parents and is a teacher in the Central High School, and Ruth, a graduate of the Central High School and the College for Women of Western Reserve, who is the wife of I. W. Sharp. Mr. Sharp is attorney with the firm Bulkley, Hauxhurst, Saeger & Company. They reside on Beechwood Avenue in Cleveland Heights. Miss MARY I. WALKER. A career of useful service that should not be overlooked is found in the thirty odd years given by Miss Mary I. Walker to teaching and school administration in Cleveland. Many of Miss Walker's former pupils, grown to mature manhood and womanhood and some attained to prominence, keep a warm place in their hearts for this conscientious and efficient educator, and her services today as principal of the Walton Avenue School are more important and valuable than ever to this great community. Miss Walker is a native of Cleveland and is of Scotch ancestry. Her grandfather, Thomas Walker, was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, learned the blacksmith's trade in youth, married and brought up a family in Scotland, and late in life came to the United States anti lived in Detroit, Michigan, until his death. William Walker, father of Miss Mary Walker and a resident at 1506 Waterbury Road in Cleveland, was born near Edinburgh, Scotland, February 2, 1834. When he was sixteen years of age, after having attended common schools in Scotland, he came to America and located at Detroit, where he followed the trades of machinist and mechanic. In 1859 he moved to Cleveland, still working at his trades, and finally was made superintendent of the machine shops for the American Ship Building Company, and had an active career here for nearly half a century before he retired in 1908. He is a loyal and faithful member of the United Presbyterian Church and in politics has always voted the republican ticket. William Walker married Miss Annie Rimes, who was born near London, England, in 1838, and died in Cleveland in July, 1900. Her father, James Rimes, also born near London, grew up and married in his native land, was an English farmer and on coming to the United States lived at several different places in the state of Michigan, finally on a farm at Birmingham in that state, and eventually came to Cleveland to retire, and died in this city in 1876. The children of William Walker and wife are three in number: Mary I.; Harriet E., also a prominent Cleveland educator, a graduate of the high school and the Cleveland Normal School and now principal of the Buhrer school; and George W., who was formerly a merchant but is now connected with the Cleveland Plain-dealer and resides on Seventy-seventh Street. Miss Mary I. Walker graduated from the old Central High School of Cleveland in 1883 and from the Cleveland Normal School in the following year. She did her first work as a teacher in the Walton school, of which she is now principal. She has also taught in the Orchard, the Waverly, the Gordon, the Tremont Schools, and was assistant principal at the Tremont School one year and for thirteen years was assistant principal of the Hicks School. From September, 1913, to March, 1914, she was principal of the Fruitland School, following which for three months she was principal of the Barkwell School, and in the fall of 1914 took up her present responsibilities as principal of the Walton Avenue School at Fulton Road and Walton Avenue. This is one of the large grade schools of the city, has an enrollment of a thousand scholars, and twenty-three teachers work under the supervision of Miss Walker. Miss Walker is a member of the Northeastern Ohio and the Ohio State Teachers Associations, is active in the Y. W. C. A. and has been prominent in both church and Sunday school. She is a member of the Franklin Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. Miss Walker resides at 1506 Waterbury Road in Lakewood. CHARLES LATHROP PACK. Though his home has been at Lakewood, New Jersey, for a number of years, Charles Lathrop Pack is still looked upon as a citizen of Cleveland and is one of that growing number of Cleveland men who have become figures in our national life. Mr. Pack was for many years an active lumberman, and out of that early experience has been developed his present professional title as a "forest economist." He was one of the pioneers in the conservation movement, and was advocating the wise use and preservation of our national resources long before these principles were given the 542 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS stamp of a popular movement. With the entrance of America into the world war Mr. Pack's relations took on a new phase, and since that time he has been president of the National War Garden Commission, which is affiliated with the conservation department of the American Forestry Association. Mr. Pack was born at Lexington, Michigan, May 7, 1857, a son of George Willis and Frances (Farman) Pack. His father was a prominent Michigan lumberman and the son took up the same occupation, and at one time they and their partners, it is claimed, sawed more lumber than any other firm or company in the United States. Their operations were chiefly carried on in Michigan, and iv later years Mr. Pack has acquired extensive interests in the pine timber lands of the South. In colonial times members of the Pack family emigrated from England and settled near Elizabeth, New Jersey, but left that colony before the Revolution. Charles L. Pack was the first member of the family to return to the state, and since 1900 has made his home at Lakewood, New -Jersey. He received his early education in Cleveland, in the public schools and at the Brooks School. When he was a boy he accompanied his father to Carlsbad and the son went along as interpreter and took up the practical study of forestry in the famous Black Forest. It is said that he is one of the first Americans to study forestry abroad, and as a student and practical lumberman he continued his investigations by explorations of the pine regions of Canada, and in Louisiana and Mississippi. With a vast amount of expert and technical information concerning the lumber resources of the United States, but still a diffident young man, it is said that he was introduced in New York to the famous capitalist Jay Gould and in the course of an interview with that financier disclosed a great deal of valuable information concerning the pineries of the South. A few days later Mr. Gould sent the young forester a check considered unusually large in those days, and that was the first fee earned in what has been his regular profession. Mr. Pack has been intimately associated with the forestry and conservation movement in this country and has attended every important conference on forestry and conservation since 1900. With Gifford Pinchot he proposed to Colonel Roosevelt the Conference of Governors at the White House in 1907, was invited by President Roosevelt to attend the conference as an expert, and the president subsequently made him a member of the National Conservation Commission. He was elected president of the National Conservation Congress in 1912 and in 1913 was reelected against his active protest. He is a member of the New Jersey Conservation and Development Commission, of the New Jersey Department of Conservation and Development, and in 1916 was elected and is still president of the American Forestry Association at Washington, of which for many years he was a director. He is also president of the World Court League with headquarters in New York, an organization formed to do its part in the world reconstruction after the close of the great war now raging across the seas. Of especial interest is the National War Garden Commission, with headquarters at Washington, of which he is president and which was organized early in 1917. It was through the direct stimulus supplied by this commission and largely under its auspices that the planting of food gardens for 1917 was increased more than one hundred percent, resulting in an estimated addition of some $350,000,000 to the value of the food production of the United States. This commission consisted of thirteen men, many of them prominent in national affairs, but Mr. Pack was the real as well as the nominal head of the body, did much of its work. and assumed and paid most of the expenses of the organization. As head of this commission it is said that his name was signed to hundreds of thousands of letters, circulars and bulletins that went out from the headquarters of the commission at Washington, frequently to the extent of forty thousand copies a day to men and women, boys and girls, in every city and almost every village in the country. Politically Mr. Pack is a republican and during the first Bryan campaign he attended the Sound Money Convention held in Indianapolis and was also a member of the Monetary Commission. Mr. Pack still owns a large amount of valuable real estate in Cleveland and was one of the founders and is a director of the Cleveland Trust Company, and was chairman of the Ways and Means Committee which organized the present Cleveland Chamber of Commerce and at one time was the president of the Chamber. He is a trustee of the Western Reserve University and a veteran of the First City Troop of Cleveland. Mr. Pack is a Fellow of the National Institute of Social Sciences, a member of the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 543 Society of Colonial Wars, the Order of Descendants of Colonial Governors, and a member of the Beta Theta Pi fraternity of Williams College. He is a member of the Union League, National Arts and Ohio Society of New York, the Country Club of Lakewood, New Jersey, which he served as president from 1913 to 1917, and in Cleveland has membership with the Union, Country and Chagrin Valley Hunt Club. In 1918 the degree of Doctor of Laws was conferred on him by Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, in recognition of his war work on food production and conservation. April 28, 1886, he married Miss Olive Gertrude Hatch, daughter of Henry Reynolds and Lydia (Baldwin) Hatch of Cleveland. They have three children, Randolph Greene, Arthur Newton and Beulah Frances. Randolph Greene is a manufacturer at Cleveland, while Arthur Newton is a first lieutenant of ordnance in overseas service. H. E. BUCKLEN, one of the wealthiest and most conspicuous business men of Elkhart, Indiana. and of Chicago, who died in the latter city January 10, 1917, was the father of Mrs. Peter D. Quigley of Cleveland. Mrs. Quigley before her marriage to Mr. Quigley was the widow of P. J. Brady, a well known lawyer of this city, between whom and Mr. Bucklen there existed the strongest ties of personal friendship. H. E. Bucklen was born in Winfield, New York, July 19, 1848, a son of Mr. and Mrs. Isaac Bucklen, who moved to Elkhart, Indiana, in 1863. His father was a druggist in Elkhart and eventually took his young son into partnership. H. E. Bucklen manifested his commercial genius at an early day. Besides his work in his father's store he made considerable money on circus days and other times when there were considerable crowds in Elkhart by setting up stands and dispensing lemonade, peanuts and other holiday confections. But he did his first pioneer work when he convinced his father of the advisability of buying a second hand soda fountain for $250 and installing it in the store. Soda fountains were not then, as now, a popular feature of drug stores. The son convinced the father, and in a short time this was one of the most paying features of the business. Mr. Bucklen's real financial success was based upon his business as a medicine manufacturer. He manufactured a large line of proprietory medicines, chief among which was "Dr. King's New Discovery." Business Vol. III-35 grew and eventually its headquarters were removed to Chicago, where the plant occupied one of the conspicuous sites on Michigan Avenue. Mr. Bucklen was at one time prominent in politics in Elkhart County, was also a farmer and stock raiser there, and through his investments in farm lands and Chicago real estate amassed much of the fortune which made his estate worth at popular estimates more than $10,000,000. One of his important early deals was securing a concession from the managers of the Philadelphia Centennial in 1876 for the exclusive sale of soda water on the Exposition grounds. Mr. Bucklen built the Elkhart and Western Railroad through Elkhart to Mishawaka, and invested over $1,500,000 in the Valley line from Elkhart to the Ohio line. He was also a stock holder in the New York Central lines and his property interests were widely extended over half a dozen or more states. While at the Centennial Exposition in 1876 he met Miss Bertha Redfield, daughter of Hon. George Redfield of Cass County, Michigan. They were married in August, 1876. Mr. Bucklen was survived by his wife, two sons, Harley and Herbert E., and by the one daughter, Mrs. Peter Quigley of Cleveland. SAMUEL LIVINGSTON MATHER. It is not difficult to distinguish Samuel Livingston Mather among the citizens of Cleveland, and what his business burdens are, his interests and affiliations, the work he does in a community and its hearing upon the national welfare may most effectively be set forth by noting his present and recent connections. Mr. Mather, who is a son of Samuel and Flora (Stone) Mather, was born in Cleveland August 22, 1882, was graduated from the University School of Cleveland with the class of 1901 and from Yale University in 1905. his mature career therefore covers about thirteen years. Mr. Mather is secretary and director of the Cleveland-Cliffs Iron Company, treasurer and director of the Munising Paper Company, director of the Ohio Chemical Manufacturing Company of Cleveland, director of the Steel Products Company of Cleveland, director of the Damascus Brake Beam Company of Cleveland, treasurer and director of the Glenn L. Martin Company of Cleveland, secretary and director of the Munising Woodenware Company of Munising, Michigan, and director of the National Commercial Bank and the Garfield Savings Bank. 544 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Mr. Mather was a member of the Yale Military Company and of the Michigan National Guard for a season. He attended the Plattsburg Training Camp in 1916, and was elected treasurer of the Military Training Camp Association, Northern Ohio Division. He has served as a trustee or director of the following well known Cleveland institutions: The Welfare Federation, Associated Charities, Cleveland Society for the Blind, St. John's Orphanage and the Church Home. He is a member of Trinity Church, Protestant Episcopal, of the Men's Club of that church and of the Church Club. He is also a member of the Union Club, Tavern Club, Country Club, Little Mountain Club, University Club, Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, Cleveland Automobile Club, Winous Point Hunting and Shooting Club, University Club of Chicago and Yale Club of New York. Mr. Mather is a republican. June 28, 1906, at Cleveland, he married Miss Grace Fleming Harman, daughter of R. A. Harman. Four children were born to them: Samuel L., deceased; Grace Flora, Elizabeth Harman and S. Livingston, Jr. ERLANGER. Among the Cleveland-bred boys who are notable among men in the United States are Abraham L. Erlanger and his brother, Mitchell L. Erlanger. While Cleveland people are able to appreciate in a general way many of the substantial features of their successful careers, it is a matter of good fortune that this publication can include the substance of an article which was especially written for the purpose by another former Cleveland man, W. E. Lewis, of the New York Morning Telegraph. With some additional information derived from other sources this article written by Mr. Lewis presents an adequate review of the personalities and achievements of two men who reflect the greatest honor upon their, own home city. A. L. Erlanger is the acknowledged head of the theatrical business in this country. He is a great executive. The direction and management of affairs seem to come to him as a natural gift. If Mr. Erlanger had not been the chief of theatrical affairs he would have made an excellent general. The business was 'chaotic, irregular and uncertain, when he first became connected with it. A play would go forth without any certainty of a booking or return of the actors in passenger coaches. Mr. Erlanger, a young man at the head of a booking agency twenty-five years ago, saw that dramatic affairs needed the application of business principles as much as does a merchandising enterprise. He organized the principal theatrical owners and dramatic producers into what is known as "The Syndicate." Charles Frohman, also an Ohio man, born at Fremont, William Harris of Boston, and Rich, his partner, Al Hayman and S. F. Nixon, associated themselves together for the purpose of redeeming dramatics from the uncertainties which had hitherto been characteristic of the art, industry or business—whatever one may call it. They did so, and as one theatrical manager remarked to the writer: "When Erlanger took hold of dramatic affairs a manager could not borrow more than four dollars on a five dollar gold piece. Now he can take a scenario to a bank and raise enough money to finance his production." This may be extravagant but it has a germ of truth. The Erlangers came to Cleveland before the memory of Mitchell and A. L. runs to the contrary—in infancy in fact, and there they remained until they went to New York. Both were born in Buffalo, New York, the birth of Abraham L., the younger of the two, occurring May 4, 1860. Their father was a scholar, a philosopher and a writer; their mother a woman of rare education and culture. In those days Cleveland offered only moderate rewards to culture and literary ability and the boys early took their part as bread winners. A. L. Erlanger had a natural tendency toward theaters and applied to Mr. John Ellsler, manager of the old Academy of Music in Bank Street, for work. Mr. Ellsler, rated in intelligence and ability as highly as he was in art, could read the future. He placed young Erlanger in charge of the cloak room and opera glass stand. The boy progressed rapidly and was presently chief of the usher brigade and selling tickets in the box office, performing as call boy, then assistant stage manager, and when the emergency arose filling in the parts of actors who didn't appear. A man once said to Mr. Erlanger: "Tell me something about your early struggles be. fore you mounted to the top." "To tell the truth," he replied, "I don't recall any struggles, and I hope I haven't given the people I have associated with anything to struggle over." As a matter of fact the early struggles of Mr. Erlanger were principally triumphs. His life is a record of achievement. From the CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 545 Academy of Music he went to the Euclid Avenue Opera House with Mr. Ellsworth and subsequently became manager of that institution when it was bought by Mark A. Hanna, presently leaving it for active work as manager for Joseph Jefferson and of Effie Ellsler on her first starring tour. Mr. Erlanger is entitled to the gratitude of the newspapers of the United States, for he was the first theatrical manager to advertise in full pages. He also horrified Joseph Jefferson by raising the price of seats from $1 to $2. Then he became associated with Mr. Jefferson's son in the theatrical business. Marc Klaw, a young newspaper man of Louisville, Kentucky, who had been professionally associated in the management of the Effie Easier Company, became the senior partner as to name—and probably every theater goer of the last generation in the United States knows the name combination "Klaw & Erlanger." That was the beginning of reorganization of the entire theatrical business modes and methods. The Klaw & Erlanger productions and theaters have made country records for receipts in every sort of entertainment, and their productions, all of the character known as sumptuous, are perfect as to detail and equipment and the best as to caste. The former opera glass boy of the Cleveland Academy of Music is now the principal owner of four or five New York theaters and has a proprietary interest in forty others in other parts of the country. He can draw his check for $1,000,000 any time and, what is more to the point, it will be honored at the bank. Mitchell L. Erlanger, who is two years older than A. L., is a product of the public schools of Cleveland but otherwise self educated. He continued in these schools several years longer, but when still a boy secured a position under the late Benjamin S. Cogswell, then clerk of Cuyahoga County. He was retained in a similar capacity by Mr. Cogs-well's successor, Mr. Hinman. While thus employed it was his good fortune to listen to the trial of cases by lawyers who at the time were famous throughout Ohio and the nation. At the same time he picked up much information and was inspired to begin the study of law, and this it was that turned his mind to a profession while his brother was drawn into business. While at work in the Cuyahoga County Courthouse he sent for a catalogue of Columbia College at New York. This catalogue informed him that a knowledge of Latin was a prerequisite to entrance. The fact did not discourage him in the least. It is doubtful if any man earning his living ever succeeded in mastering a knowledge of the classics in a briefer time than did Mitchell Erlanger. In a little more than a year he had read more than was demanded by the college curriculum, including eight books of Caesar, Cicero's Orations, Virgil's Aeneid, including the Georgics and Bucolics and also the Iliad and Odyssey of Homer. This knowledge was acquired by a process of self-education, although during noon hours occasionally he found a member of the Cleveland bar, who is still alive, who supervised his studies and listened to his reading, translation, scanning, parsing, etc. He used this lawyer as a touchstone to assure himself that he was proceeding along correct lines. Other subjects involved in the college entrance examination gave him no trouble, and it is noteworthy that while a full examination was required of all who could not present diplomas, Mitchell Erlanger's examination was continued for less than five minutes by the college authorities. Though so well qualified in scholastic attainments, Mitchell Erlanger found it necessary to pay his own way through Columbia College. He tutored the students in Latin and in less than three months was appointed assistant librarian, the salary of that position paying his matriculation fees. He also read the lectures on municipal law, real estate and equity to both the junior and senior classes, and during the last year preceding examinations tutored many seniors in various branches of the law. While at Columbia he worked practically every day from 8 o'clock in the morning until 10 o'clock at night. This was in addition to his own study of every subject required in the curriculum and also the optinal subjects. After his graduation both in the academic and law courses Mitchell Erlanger opened an office in New York City, where his brother had already begun his theatrical career. With a thorough knowledge of his profession he quickly attained prominence and during 1904-05 served a term as sheriff of New York County. At that time the emoluments of that office were upwards of $125,000 a year. New York people still point back to the Erlanger administration as one of the turning points of administrative progress. Before he took charge of the office it had been run in the same groove for seventy-five years, 546 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and he at once proceeded to effect many revolutionary changes in its methods. For one thing he caused to have arrests in civil cases abolished. He also caused the release of over born prisoners, men and women, who had been unjustly arrested. He compelled the Federal Government to remove its prisoners from the county jail on the ground that criminals had no place among the unfortunate debtors who were taken into custody by deputy sheriffs on trumped up charges. Soon after his term of sheriff Mitchell L. Erlanger was elected a justice of the Supreme Court of New York from the first District, taking his seat on the bench in 1907, and his present term runs to 1920. It is a fact, which is somewhat impressive in these days of political courts and judges who know more of diplomacy than they do of law, that in the ten years of his incumbency no decision of Judge Erlanger's has been reversed by the Court of Appeals, which is the court of final resort in New York. Jndge Erlanger is a democrat, a thirty-second degree Mason. and widely known in the club and civic life of New York City. Both the Erlangers have kept np their old Cleveland friendships and associations as far as possible. President McKinley and Senator Mark A. Hanna, who had known and recognized the abilities of the younger Erlanger, were his warm friends until their death. John D. Rockefeller, the older, and his son, John D., Jr., invariably call upon M. L. Erlanger in the furtherance of the many philanthropical enterprises they project, relying upon his pronounced tendency toward philanthropy and more particularly upon his sound administrative qualities. Both of the sons attribute their success in life largely to the teachings of their father and mother, Leopold and Regina Erlanger. The educational training of the Erlanger children was not measured by the school sessions of Cleveland. Their parents gave the family further tuition at home supplemental to their regular studies. The literary tastes implanted in them thus early were developed and broadened. A. L. Erlanger is regarded as an authority on historical affairs, although his preferences are largely for biography. He is a court of final resort in matters concerning Napoleon, and his collection of Napoleon souvenirs and relics is the most complete and the most important in America. He is an art amateur of the rarest taste, which fact is indicated by the decorations of the various theaters he has built. They constitute the last word not only in architectural and mechanical construction but artistic embellishment. Mr. Erlanger has been described as lucky. If luck is a synonym for an infinite capacity for work, an equivalent for mastering the details of any proposition before accepting, or in any way represents loyalty to friends and absolute truthfulness, the description is fairly accurate. LEANDER MCBRIDE. More than one institution of Cleveland bore the impress of Leander McBride's abilities and energies. In a business way his name was perhaps most familiar through his business connection with the great wholesale dry goods house of Root & McBride Company, of which he was presi dent at the time of his death. He entered that firm in the early days of Cleveland's history as a clerk and in a few years had won a partnership. He was also one of the most prominent men connected with the history of the Union National Bank. Altogether his business career in the city covered a period of fifty years. He had a high sense of the obligations of citizenship. Success in business was not the sole actuating force in his life. lie gave not only money but his business judgment and ability to several of those institutions which reflect the civic power of Cleveland. Mr. McBride was a native of Ohio, born at Lowellville, December 18, 1837. His parents were Samuel II. and Phoebe (Harris) McBride. His father was born in Mercer County in Western Pennsylvania, but in early life moved across the Ohio line into MA-honing County, and for forty-seven years was a merchant at Lowellville. It was in the atmosphere of this small country village that Leander McBride grew to manhood. From early years he worked as clerk in his father's establishment. He finished his education in Westminster College at Wilmington, Pennsylvania, in the same vicinity where his father was born. Leander McBride came to Cleveland at the age of nineteen. His first work here was as clerk in the "Old City Mill Store," the proprietors of which were Morgan, Root & Company. At the end of four years he was a partner in the firm, and the subsequent development of the business was largely a reflection of his personal ener- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 547 gies. His younger brother, the late J. H. McBride, also came into the firm at an early day, and also attained a partnership. In 1884 the firm name was changed to Root & McBride Brothers, upon the retirement of Mr. Morgan, and in 1894 the Root & McBride Company was incorporated. Leander McBride was president of this corporation until his death fifteen years later. Few of the older commercial establishments of Cleveland have a more honorable and successful history than the Root & McBride Company. Many other large business affairs claimed the attention of Leander McBride. He was a close personal friend and associate of the late Mark A. Hanna. In 1884 they and others organized the Union National Bank, and Mr. McBride was one of the moving spirits on its board of directors until his death. From 1890 he served as vice president of the institution. He was also president of the Cleveland Hardware Company and a director of the Cleveland Telephone Company. Among public institutions probably Lakeside Hospital received more of his time and devoted labors than any other. He was one of the founders of this great institution, served as one of its trustees and at one time was its president. He was also president of the first board of aldermen of Cleveland, and at one time was a member of the famous Cleveland Grays. He was a trustee of the Jones Home and an active member and trustee of Calvary Presbyterian Church. In politics he was a republican. Mr. McBride was a member of the Union Club, Euclid Club, Country Club, Roadside Club and Castalia Fishing Club, Leander McBride was a resident of Cleveland from 1857 until his death, which occurred at his home at 6017 Euclid Avenue April 20, 1909. He is survived by his widow, Mrs. McBride, whom he married in 1863. Her maiden name was Harriet E. Wright. RAYMOND GEORGE FLOYD. Many of the present leaders in business and civic life at Cleveland had their early lives practically guided into channels of success as a result of inheritance and early environment. Others have forced themselves up through the contention of circumstances and owe what they are and what they have done almost entirely to themselves. Of the latter class is Raymond George Floyd. He was born on the West Side, Cleve- land, March 27, 1872. His parents were honest and substantial people of Cleveland, but at the age of fourteen Mr. Floyd was thrown on his own resources. He was educated in the public schools, attending one of the oldest schools in Cleveland, known as the old Kentucky School on the West Side. An opportunity to attend high school or college was not granted him, and in lieu thereof he took up studies at home and applied himself with much diligence to the mastery of the higher branches of learning while earning his own way. For a time he sold newspapers on the street. Later he gained his first opportunity for a broader life while office boy in the law offices of Burton & Dake. It was a place where a boy had every inspiration to make the best of his talents. Mr. Floyd learned shorthand. When Theodore E. Burton, senior member of the firm and later United States senator, made his campaign for Congress he selected as his private stenographer the former office boy. When Mr. Burton went to Congress young Floyd was given a position as bond clerk in the revenue department under William H. Gabriel, then revenue collector, and still a resident of Cleveland. From that time forward his responsibilities increased rapidly. On August 1, 1893, he was transferred to the postoffice department under Postmaster A. F. Anderson as utility clerk. Later, when Judge John C. Hutchins became postmaster, he made Mr. Floyd his private secretary and he served in that capacity until he was promoted to assistant postmaster of Cleveland under Charles C. Dewstow, who succeeded Judge Hutchins. When, on May 1, 1910. President Taft appointed Mr. Floyd Cleveland's postmaster it was an appointment in every way justified by his qualifications and experience. Mr. Floyd served as postmaster of Cleveland just four years to a day, leaving the office on May 1, 1914. While he was postmaster it fell to his honor to open up the splendid new Federal Building of Cleveland, and he had active supervision of the task of moving the old postoffice from Wilshire Building to the new structure on the public square. During the rest of his term as postmaster he served, under appointment from the treasury department, BB custodian of the new Federal Building. In 1903 Mr. Floyd was given unlimited leave of absence, credited to the war depart- 548 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ment, for the purpose of examining the rivers and harbors of Europe. He made a detailed study of various questions of legislation and improvements and was gone on this European mission six months. That was the only break or leave of absence he had from the postal service from 1893 until 1914. Since retiring from the postmastership Mr. Floyd has been in the real estate business, handling both city and suburban property, and largely under his individual ownership. Mr. Floyd was formerly a member of the Naval Reserve, First Division. On the outbreak of the Spanish-American war he applied for a leave of absence, but was denied it by the postal department. He is an active republican, is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and the Lakewood Tennis Club, which he helped organize. He and his family worship in the Episcopal Church. He has long been interested in politics and was a helpful factor in the various campaigns of Senator Burton. Mr. Floyd has traveled extensively, and while in Europe on the mission above mentioned he touched every sea and river port on the continent. His chief recreation is hunting, fishing and tennis. Mr. Floyd is of old American stock. One of his ancestors was the William Floyd who was among the signers of the Declaration of Independence. He has membership in the Sons of Veterans, and his father was a Union soldier. Mr. Floyd was the only son born to George Washington and Helen Catherine (Schwind) Floyd. The mother, who died at Cleveland April 19, 1883, when Raymond G. was eleven years old, was the oldest of the eleven children of John and Catherine Schwind, very old residents on the West Side of Cleveland. On his mother's side Mr. Floyd knew when he was a boy and distinctly remembers his great-great-grandmother. George W. Floyd is still living and is now in the Government Secret Service located at Washington, D. C. He has been in that service since the first McKinley administration. George W. Floyd was born on the site of Old Jamestown, Virginia. Grandfather Floyd, though a slave owner, was a stanch Union man and at the outbreak of the Civil war gave his slaves their freedom and he thoroughly instilled into the minds of his children the principles of Unionism and encouraged them to uphold the united country when secession threatened. Grandfather Floyd died in Virginia while the Civil war was still in progress. George W. Floyd, who was born in 1844, entered the service of the United States as a youth and was in the Gulf Coast Squadron under Admiral Farragut. Soon after the close of the war he came to Cleveland. He had been well reared, but was not fitted by education to any special vocation, and in Cleveland he accepted whatever he could get to do. For a time he was in the Revenue Cutter service under Captain Fitzpatrick. He and his wife were married in Cleveland and they became the parents of three daughters and one son. The daughters are: Mrs. L. Q. Rawson, of Cleveland; Mrs. Clyde E. Cotton, wife of Dr. C. E. Cotton, a prominent specialist in tuberculosis, now living at Asheville, North Carolina; and Mrs. Maude F. Current, of Cleveland. All the children were born and educated in Cleveland. Mr. Floyd was married January 15, 1898, to Miss Ethel B. Seiely, of Cincinnati, Ohio. Mrs. Floyd is a native of Brooklyn, New York, but was educated in Cincinnati, where she attended the convent and subsequently finished her musical and language studies at Utica, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Floyd have three children: John Henry, born in June, 1899, now attending high school at Lakewood; Burton Dake, who is thirteen years of age; and Helen Marie, aged twelve. The two older children were born in Cleveland, while Helen was born in the Black Mountains, sixteen miles from Asheville, North Carolina. JOHN POLAK is a Cleveland real estate man, with offices and residence at 2630 West Fourteenth Street, and is a young man whose success in business and influence as a citizen give promise of long continued and still greater usefulness and value to his adopted city. Mr. Polak is a native of that distressed and devastated country over which the armies of Europe have fought so many campaigns in recent months, Galicia, Poland. He was born there December 20, 1881. His father, Stanislaus Polak, was born there in 1850 and is still living as a farmer close to the scenes where his entire life has been spent. He is a member of the Catholic Church and in younger days served as an officer in the regular army. He married Veronica Rospont, who was also born in Galicia. Some of their children still remain in Galicia and four are in the United States, including John, the oldest. Mary is the wife of Joseph Wydarka, CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 549 a general workman living in Cleveland; Joseph is a musician in the United States Army Band, now stationed at a camp in Alabama; and Sophia is the wife of Stanislaus Zajac, a general workman at Cleveland. John Polak obtained most of his education by industrious application to his books when a boy. In youth he worked steadily with his father on the farm and in 1905, at the age of twenty-four, came to the United States and located at Cleveland. For several years he was employed in different lines, but in November, 1913, he became general agent of the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company. He sold insurance with success for twenty months. After that he was a merchant at Literary Road and West End Street, but sold out his store to engage in the real estate business. He owns his residence and remodeled it into a modern home in 1917. Mr. Polak is president of the Polish Library Home, is a member of the Polish Independent Church, is independent in politics and is an accepted leader among his own people in Cleveland. In 1910, in this city, he married Miss Sophia Ploch, daughter of Joseph and Mary Ploch. Her father died in Cleveland and her mother is still living in this city. They have two children: Stanislaus, born August 20, 1913, and Cheslaw, born February 5, 1916. ELVADORE R. FANCHER is governor of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, taking that office November 2, 1914, when the Federal Reserve Bank was organized. lie has been a Cleveland banker through all. the grades of experience and service for thirty years. He was born at Bloomer Center in Montcalm County, Michigan, October 17, 1864. The parents moved to Lorain, Ohio, in 1873, and he graduated from the high school of that city in 1879. Until he resigned to take his present post Mr. Fancher was connected with the Union National Bank of Cleveland. beginning as bookkeeper in 1885, promoted to assistant cashier in 1896, was cashier from 1904 to 1909, vice president from 1909 to 1914, and was elected president October 1st, just a month before called to the Federal Reserve Bank. He is president of the Union Building and Improvement Company, vice president of the Cuyahoga Lumber Company. and a director of the Zerk Manufacturing Company. Mr. Fancher is a republican and a member of the Union and Mayfield clubs. February 16, 1893, he married at Chicago Harriet S. Schroeder. D. EDWARD DANGLER is a Cleveland manufacturer whose associations and work are of exceptional interest and form an important part of the industrial record of the city. He was born in Cleveland February 23, 1858, a son of David A. and J. (Clark) Dangler. David A. Dangler died in 1912 and Mrs. Dangler died in 1905. Mr. Dangler attended the schools of Philadelphia and Cleveland and entered the manufacturing field at the age of twenty-two. It was in 1880 that he formed the first company for the manufacture of gasoline stoves. He is one of the pioneer gasoline and oil stove manufacturers in the United States, and that industry, with various modifications, improvements and extensions, have been his chief pursuit ever since. He enlarged his local plant, incorporated as The Dangler Stove Company, and gradually increased the output to a line of oil and gas stoves that have been sold in nearly every country of the world. The Dangler Stove Company of Cleveland is now a division of the American Stove Company, and Mr. Dangler is its manager and a director of the corporation. The plant and offices are on Perkins Avenue between East Fortieth and East Fifty-fifth streets. Mr. Dangler is also vice president and director of the American Box Company and the Union Salt Company, and is president of the Wilson Realty Company. He is a member of the Country Club, Union Club, Roadside Club, Chamber of Commerce, and for six years served as a member of the Gatling Gun Battery. At Cleveland, October 21, 1885, he married Miss Effie M. Scofield. They have three sons, Clifford S., Frank B. and C. E. Dangler, all of Cleveland. JAMES HOWARD DEMPSEY has practiced law at Cleveland since 1884. From 1886 to 1890 he was a member of the firm Estep, Dickey & Squire, and since 1890 has been member of the firm Squire, Sanders & Dempsey. Mr. Dempsey was born at Shelby, Ohio, March 29, 1859, son of John and Martha C. (Davis) Dempsey. He graduated in 1882 from Kenyon College, which conferred upon him the degree LL. D. in 1912. He studied law at Columbia University College of Law, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1884. 550 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS He has many extensive business relations, indicated by his position as president of the Factory Site Company, director of the Grasaelli Chemical Company, Glidden Varnish Company, United States Radiator Corporation, the Bourne-Fuller Company, Union National Bank, Ball Watch Company. Mr. Dempsey is a trustee of Kenyon College, University School of Cleveland, West End School, Lake View Cemetery Association, and is a member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon, the Union, Country Hunt, Yacht, Tavern and University clubs of Cleveland, the University and Bankers clubs of New York. He is a republican. September 24, 1885, he married Emma N. Bourne, of Cleveland. She died in 1893. FRANK EMORY BUNTS, M. D., is one of a distinguished group of Cleveland physicians and surgeons who have enlisted their professional services for the war. Soon after America entered the struggle against Germany Doctor Bunts resigned his private practice and was commissioned a major in the Medical Reserve Corps. For a time he was chief of the surgical staff at Camp Travis Hospital in Texas, and is now with the expe- ditionary forces in France. Doctor Bunts was born at Youngstown, Ohio, June 3, 1861, son of William C. and Clara E. (Barnhisel) Bunts. His father, who was born March 10, 1833, and died at Cleveland January 16, 1874, made a record as a Union soldier in the Civil war and for a number of years was a successful Cleveland lawyer. At one time he served as city solicitor. Doctor Bunts' mother was born at Cleveland and died at Youngstown May 4, 1906. In 1877, during the administration of President Hayes, Doctor Bunts was appointed a cadet midshipman of the United States Naval Academy and graduated in 1881. He saw active service in the navy until 1883 as Fleet Signal Officer, Asiatic Section, on the staff of Rear Admiral J. M. B. Clitz on the U. S. S. Richmond. After his honorable discharge in 1883 he entered the Western Reserve Medical School and was graduated M. D. in 1886. During 1888-89 Doctor Bunts pursued his studies abroad in Berlin, Vienna, Paris and London, and in 1896 was again abroad at Hamburg. The great success that attended his work as a private practitioner is reflected in many professional honors. Since 1893 he has held a chair as professor of principles of surgery and clinical science at the Western Reserve Medical School, has been visiting surgeon and chief of staff of St. Vincent's Charity Hospital at Cleveland, and is a Fellow of the American Surgical Association, Fellow of the American College of Surgeons, Fellow of the American Medical Association, and member of the Association Internationale De Chirurgie. He is also a member of the Mississippi Valley Medical Society, the Cleveland Academy of Medicine, the Ohio State Medical Society, the Nu Sigma Nu Medical fraternity, Union Club, University Club of Cleveland, Army and Navy Club of Washington. Doctor Bunts served as captain and assistant surgeon for Troop A, Ohio National Guard, from 1892 to 1898. In the war with Spain he served as major and surgeon for the First Ohio Volunteer Cavalry and was brigade surgeon of the first provisional cavalry brigade at Chickamauga, Georgia. Later he was captain of Troop A at Cleveland, which acted as the personal escort of President McKinley at the second inauguration and later as guard of honor at the president's funeral. October 29, 1888, Doctor Bunts married Miss Harriet Eleanor Taylor of Cleveland, daughter of V. C. Taylor, long prominent as a Cleveland real estate man and whose career is sketched on other pages. Mrs. Bunts was born and educated in Cleveland.. To their marriage were born three children: Mrs. Edward C. Daoust, of Cleveland; Virgil C., who died at the age of three and one-half years; and Alexander T. Bunts. Alexander T. has all the martial spirit of his father and, grandfather. Since April 26, 1918, he has been in France in the School of Artillery and has received his commission as second lieutenant. ROBERT G. CURREN. for many years a well known lawyer of the Cleveland bar and with law offices in the Leader-News Building, is the present director of law of the City of Lakewood, where he has his home. In the task of achieving a definite position in the world Robert G. Curren has been at work steadily since he was a boy of twelve years. He spent many years in business and took up law and its practice in mature manhood. He was born at Kittanning, Pennsylvania, November 8, 1848, a son of Robert G. and Nancy (St. Clair) Curren. His mother was a native of Pennsylvania and his father CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 551 was born either in Ireland or Scotland and was brought to the United States by his parents when a boy. For four years he was in the Union army during the Civil war and made a most creditable record as a soldier and officer. His service was with the Fifty-third Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and at the close of the war he was acting colonel of the regiment. Robert G. Curren now has the sword which was presented to his father by his company after Colonel Curren had lost his former sword during a skirmish. On the hilt of this sword is the presentation plate. After the war Colonel Curren became a farmer in Iowa for a short time and owned a large amount of land there. He sold that and engaged in the oil business. He was active in the oil fields of Pennsylvania, Ohio and Indiana, and was connected with the industry even before the days of "coal oil johnnie." As an oil producer he traveled about over the country keeping in close touch with the developing oil fields, and his death occurred at Kokomo, Indiana, in 1902. His wife died at Cleveland in the same year. He had lived in Cleveland about twenty years. The father was seventy-five years' old when he passed away. Their children consisted of two sons and two daughters: Mrs. George H. Bilton, of Cleveland; Mrs. William L. Rairigh, of Washington, D. C.; William S., who died at Cleveland at the age of forty-five; and Robert 0., who is the youngest. Robert G. Curren acquired his early education at Kittanning and Bradford, Pennsylvania.' Leaving school at the age of twelve, he became a messenger boy in the offices of the Western Union Telegraph Company at Bradford. He learned telegraphy, and as an operator was employed by the old Erie Railway when it was known as the Atlantic & Great Western, a narrow gauge road in Pennsylvania. After three years as a telegraph operator he entered the express business, and soon afterward came to Cleveland with the Erie Express Company. From that he transferred his services to the Wells, Fargo & Company, and remained steadily in the official work of that company at Cleveland for many years. It was while in the express service that Mr. Curren took up the study of law. He was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1902, and has since been in active general practice. For about three years he was a member of the firm Bacon, Couse & Curren, and for the last three years he and Mr. Couse have shared the same offices in the Leader-News Building, though not as partners. Mr. Curren is a director of the City Hardware & Supply Company of Cleveland. Since 1906 he and his family have been residents of the City of Lakewood. Most of his work in politics has been in connection with his home town. In 1910-11 he was a member of the hoard of education of Lakewood. He was appointed director of law of Lakewood by Mayor Tyler for two years, and when the new city charter went into effect January 1, 1914, Mayor Tyler appointed him as the first director of law under the new charter. On January 1, 1916, he was reappointed for a second term of two years by the same mayor. Mr. Curren is an active and influential republican, is president of the Lakewood Republican Club, and has proved an indefatigable worker in behalf of civic improvement. He is active in the Lakewood Public Hospital, and a member of the Cleveland and Ohio State Bar associations. Mr. Curren is a charter member of Lakewood Lodge No. 601, Free and Accepted Masons, and is now president of the board of trustees of the Detroit Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church. He also belongs to the City Club of Cleveland. On August 23, 1893, at Warren, Ohio, Mr. Curren married Miss Martha R. Latimer. Her father, Joseph Latimer, was an old retired resident of Warren, and died there in 1916, at the age of eighty-eight. Mrs. Curren was only eleven years of age when her mother died. Mrs. Curren was born and educated in Warren. She has concerned herself with social and philanthropic enterprises, is a member of the Lakewood Visiting Nurses Association, the Lakewood Red Cross. and is active in the Detroit Avenue Methodist Episcopal Church and the Eastern Star. Mr. and Mrs. Curren have two daughters, both born in Cleveland. Edith Lucy graduated from the Lakewood High School with the class of June, 1912, and took her Bachelor of Arts degree from the Woman's College of Western Reserve University in June, 1916. She is now a teacher in the Lakewood public schools, and during the summer of 1917 took advanced work in Columbia University at New York City. Nancy Dorothy, the second daughter, graduated from Lakewood High School in June, 1914, and is now attending the Cleveland Kindergarten Training School. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS- 553 WILLIAM ERASTUS CUSHING, an active member of the Cleveland bar forty years, was born in this city September 23, 1853, son of Henry Kirk and Betsey (Williams) Cushing. His father was a Cleveland physician. Mr. Cushing was educated in the Western Reserve College, graduating A. B. in 1875, and received his LL. B. degree from Harvard Law School in 1878. For several years he has been senior member of the law firm of Cushing, Hopkins & Lamb, with offices in the Society for Savings Building. He is a member of the American Bar Association, a trustee of Western Reserve University, Adelbert College and University School at Cleveland, and in 1902-05 was a member of the Ohio State Board of Commis.. sioners on uniform laws. June 4, 1884, he married Carolyn J. Kellogg, of Pittsfield, Massachusetts. JOHN J. BERNET, who became president of the Nickel Plate Railway in 1916, and is a resident and citizen of Cleveland, was born at Brant in Erie County, New York, February 9, 1868. He had a public school education, and entered railroading as a telegraph operator. He was operator from 1889. to 1895, train dispatcher, 1895 to 1901, train master, 1901-03, assistant superintendent, 1903.05, division superintendent in 1905, and assistant general superintendent and general superintendent from 1905 to 1911 on the Lake Shore and Michigan Southern. With headquarters at Chicago, he was during 191112 assistant to the vice president of the New York Central lines west of Buffalo. He was vice president of the Lake Shore from 1912 to 1916 and then became president of the New York, Cleveland and St. Louis Railway. EDWARD MAX BAKER, president of the Cleveland Stock Exchange, has perhaps as nearly justified his reputation for special genius in finance and business as any other man of his age in Cleveland. His experience is as nnique as his position is prominent. From his theological studies and his duties as pastor of a small and struggling Jewish congregation in Chicago he was called, on account of a death in the family, to Cleveland in July, 1901, to take charge of the brokerage business of his deceased brother-in-law, Jacob Mayer. It represented a complete change of vocation and interests, and nothing in his previous experience and training was in the nature of a qualification for his new duties. He had spent his life up to that time in university and in theological schools, associated with men and interests far removed from the counting room or stock exchanges. Perhaps his experience is a case of inherited talents or of extreme versatility, but at any rate in a short time Mr. Baker was being looked upon as one of the rising young brokers of Cleveland, and for a number of years be has conducted a brokerage business with all the success and influential connections that could have been expected of a man "to the manner born" and reared and trained in the atmosphere of markets and exchanges. His prominence in brokerage circles is indicated by the fact that for many years he has been a member of the board of governors, chairman of the committee on rules, vice president and for the past four or five years president of the Cleveland Stock Exchange. He is an active, clear-cut, wide awake individual, and as deeply immersed in civic and philanthropic enterprise as in private business. He was born in the City of Erie, Pennsylvania, August 18, 1875, son of Isaac and Bertha (Einhorn) Baker, both natives of Germany. His father for many years was engaged in the wholesale and retail clothing business at Erie and was a member of the board of education of that city for a longer period than any other individual. It was in Erie that Edward M. Baker acquired his early education, graduating from high school in 1893. His college career was in the University of Chicago, where he graduated A. B. with the honors of his class in 1898, being class orator, and prominent in various student activities. He was a participant in two intercollegiate debates, was a prize winner in university debating circles, was president of the University Debating Club, and was associate editor of the senior class publication Cap and Gown. About a year after leaving university he returned to Chicago for the purpose of preparing for the ministry of the Hebrew Church. His uncle is the celebrated Dr. Emil G. Hirsch, of Chicago, and under him he took up his theological studies and also did post-graduate work at the University of Chicago in philosophy and sociology. In February, 1901, he received a call to the pulpit of Temple Israel in Chicago. Not feeling himself well qualified for the work, he declined, but finally accepted the urgent invitation and though his services were des- CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 553 tined to continue only a few months he succeeded in reviving and building up an interest and enthusiasm among the member. ship of the small and struggling congregation, so that his resignation was received with strong protest and great reluctance. It was the sudden death of his brother-in-law, leaving his sister a widow with two small children, that caused Mr. Baker to surrender his chosen vocation and adapt himself to an entirely new set of circumstances in the business life of Cleveland. However, his religious, philanthropic and civic activities have been continued in his new home. He has been vice president of the Temple at Cleveland, has frequently occupied the pulpit. for many years has been secretary of the Federation of Jewish Charities, and has also been a member of the American Jewish Committee of Fifty, one of the prominent Jewish organizations in America. He has served as treasurer of the Legal Aid Society, as director of the Babies Dispensary Hospital, and a member of different committees connected with the work of the Associated Charities. He was a former member of the Cleveland Educational Commission to examine into the government, supervision, and course of studies of the Cleveland public schools. A republican in politics, he was elected chairman of the Republican Executive Committee of Cuyahoga County in 1907 and had charge of the noted campaign made by former Congressman Burton against Mayor Johnson in the contest for the office of mayor. He was also local campaign manager for the party in the presidential election of 1908. Mr. Baker is unmarried. He is a member of the Chamber of Commerce, the Excelsior Club, the Oakwood Club, the Council of Sociology, and there are hardly any interests of mankind to which he confesses a complete ignorance. He is fond of baseball, and at one time was manager and played second baseman for the Cleveland Stock Exchange Baseball Team. He is fond of both outdoor and indoor recreations, and with all his business responsibilities is still a scholar. Mr. Baker was author of the article entitled Judaism and the American Spirit, which was published in the Arena in 1904, and afterwards was printed in pamphlet form and widely circulated. JAY E. LATIMER. When the use of electricity for power was in its infancy Jay E. Latimer entered the field of electric construction twenty-five years ago, and has since become one of the most prominent men in Northern Ohio in that field. He has numerous connections with corporation and other business interests, and for many years figured prominently in Cleveland real estate circles. Mr. Latimer was born at Cleveland December 31, 1864, a son of James and Mary Ann (Johnston) Latimer. Both parents were natives of the north of Ireland. His father came to Cleveland in 1844, spent most of his life in a country home and on a farm, but for many years was engaged in business as a contractor. He died in 1898. Jay E. Latimer was educated in the public schools of Cleveland and soon after attaining manhood engaged in the real estate business. In 1887 he formed a partnership wtih William Southern under the name Southern and Latimer. This firm continued until 1892, when Mr. Latimer sold his interests and became interested in electric railway construction. He is to be credited with much of the work which has made Northern Ohio a network of electrically propelled railways. He promoted and built the Cleveland & Chagrin Falls Electric Line, and in 1895 promoted and built the Columbus, Delaware & Maryland Electric Line. Other achievements in this field were the building of the Cleveland, Painesville & Ashtabula Electric Railway, the development and construction of the Buffalo, Dunkirk & Western Electric Railway in 1902. Since 1905 his chief interests have been in connection with electric lighting and power plants. He is now president of the United Light & Power Company and president of the Commercial Electric Company, owning and controlling electric plants in Painesville, Fairport, Madison and Geneva, Ohio. He is also vice president of the Terminal Land Company and was formerly president of the Lincoln Fireproof Storage Company, of which his brother Howard Latimer is now the executive head. Mr. Latimer also promoted and organized the Cleveland Mausoleum Company. This by no means completes the outline of his varied business activities, since he is a stockholder and director in a number of other corporations. As a man of affairs, with a business acquaintance covering most of the northern and eastern states, Mr. Latimer is well known 554 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS in local social circles, a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, and the Gentlemen's Driving Club, and of various other organizations. In 1889 he married Miss Jennie C. Weidner, of Cleveland. They have three children, Ruth, Helen and Jay. WALTER THOMAS DUNMORE, dean of the Law School of Western Reserve University and prominent as a legal author, was born at Cleveland July 15, 1877, son of Thomas and Elizabeth (Wright) Dunmore. He graduated from Oberlin College A. B. in 1900 and A. M. in 1904, and in the latter year also received his law degree from Western Reserve. He has since been connected with the faculty of the Law School as instructor on the law of property, 1905-07, and since then as professor of law of property, evidence and conflict of laws. Dean Dunmore is a republican, a member of the Methodist Church, is affiliated with the Order of the Coif and Theta Lambda Phi. Besides many articles contributed to legal periodicals lie is well known as author of Ship Subsidies, published in 1907, and articles of Decedents' Estates and Executors and Administrators, published in the Cyclopedia of Procedure. November 10, 1904, he married Mabel Curtis Dunmore of Milan, Ohio. GEORGE HEBER WORTHINGTON, who served as president of the Perry Victory Centennial Commission, was for many years active as a Cleveland business man and manufacturer, but is now retired. He was born in Toronto, Canada, Febrnary, 13, 1850, son of John and Mary (Wellborn) Worthington. He was educated in the Upper Canada College at Toronto, and received his first business training in a wholesale grocery house in that city. Later he was manager for his father as contractor for the building of the Southern Central Railroad, now part of the Lehigh Valley System. His chief achievement in Cleveland was organizing in 1896 the Cleveland Stone Company, of which he was for many years president and is still a director. He was also a director of the American Daylight Company of Cleveland, the Interurban Railway and Terminal Company of Cincinnati, and the Chamberlin Cartridge and Target Company. Mr. Worthington is a member of the Union. Country, Yacht, New York Yacht, Royal Canadian Yacht, and Monroe Yacht clubs. February 27, 1878, he married Mrs. Hannah Luella Weaver. CARMI ALDERMAN THOMPSON, who now resides at Cleveland, is a former treasurer of the United States, and long prominent in both state and national affairs. He was born in West Virginia September 4, 1870, son of Granville and Mary E. (Polley) Thompson. He was graduated from the Ohio State University in 1892 and received his law, degree in 1895. In the latter year he was admitted to the bar, and began practice at Ironton in Southern Ohio, and was organizer and director and attorney for the Iron City Bank. He served as city solicitor from 1896 to 1903, and from 1904 to 1907 was a member of the Ohio House of Representatives and speaker of the House during 1906-07. He was elected and served as secretary of state for Ohio from 1907 to 1911, and was then called to Washington under President Taft and was assistant secretary of the interior from March 6, 1911, to July 1, 1912, and secretary to President Taft until November 20, 1912. His service as treasurer of the United States was from November 20, 1912, to April 1, 1913. Since leaving public life Mr. Thompson has served as general manager of the Great Northern Iron Ore properties as president of the Cottonwood Coal Company, the South Butte Mining Company of St. Paul, and in 1917 came to Cleveland as vice president and general manager of the Tod-Stambaugh Company, iron ore. Mr. Thompson is a republican, a Mason and a Knight of Pythias, and a member of the Columbus Club of Columbus, Ohio, the University and National Press clubs of Washington, the Minnesota Club of St. Paul and the Union Club of Cleveland. May 3, 1899, he married Leila Ellars. FRANK CHITTENDEN OSBORN, president of the Osborn Engineering Company, is through his work and attainments one of the recognized eminent American engineers. He was born in Michigan December 18, 1857, son of Reuben Howard and Livonia (Chittenden) Osborn. He was graduated with the degree Civil Engineer from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and since 1880 has been engaged in the practical work of his profession. For five years he was assistant engineer to the Louisville Bridge and Iron Company, principal assistant engineer of the Keystone Bridge Company from 1885 CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 555 to 1887, during the next two years was member of the firm G. W. G. Ferris & Company, of Pittsburgh. During 1889 he was assistant to M. J. Becker, chief engineer of the Ohio Connecting Railway. From 1889 to 1892 he was chief engineer of the King Bridge Company of Cleveland, and since then has been in private practice as consulting and designing engineer for structural steel work. He became president of the Osborn Engineering Company in 1900, held that office until 1910, and since 1917 has again been president. He is a director of the Lake Shore Banking and Trust Company. Mr. Osborn is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the Institution of Civil Engineers of Great Britain, American Society Testing Materials, Cleveland Engineering Society, American Railway Bridge & Building Association, and from 1908 to 1915 was a member of the Cuyahoga County Building Commission. He is also identified with the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, is a thirty-second degree Mason, a member of the Masonic, University, Cleveland Athletic and Chippewa clubs. October 27, 1880, Mr. Osborn married Annie Paull, of Calumet, Michigan. FRANK ARTHUR MICHELL. Those who understand the power and prestige in business affairs of The Lakewood Engineering Company, with its business ramifications and plants all over the country, appreciate the responsibilities of the position of general purchasing agent for such a large concern, and when it is said that the incumbent of this office, Frank A. Michell, is still under thirty it will be realized that he has done a good deal for himself since he started out to carve his fortune in the business world. Mr. Michell is one of the few men who perhaps deserve all the praise connected with the term self-made man. When he was ten years of age he was selling papers on the streets in Cleveland. While going to school he also put in a few years of employment in a local barber shop, acting as general utility boy, even learning the trade of barber, and by this kind of work paid his way through high school and business college. and the experience was no doubt invaluable to him apart from the fact it made him self-supporting. Mr. Michell was born in Cleveland August 18, 1889. a son of David Thomas Michell. who was born in England in 1850, came to the United States about the time he reached his majority and has lived in Cleveland since 1872. He is it veteran ship carpenter, is still active at his trade, and in the past forty-five years has helped build many of the boats and barges and practically all the dry docks at Cleveland. He formerly served as a councilman in West Cleveland, is a republican and a member of the Methodist Church. He married in this city Kate Hoyle, who was born in England in 1854. They have a large family of sons and daughters named David Thomas, Samuel 13., Horace, William, Edward J., Frank, Anna, Maude. Frank Arthur Michell as one of this large household took it upon himself to make his own way without looking to his parents for assistance or support. He lived at home, but otherwise earned his living, and put himself through the public schools, high school and the Spencerian Business College, from which he graduated in 1906. The next year and a half he worked with the Radcliffe & Gawne Commission House, and in 1908 formed his present association with The Lakewood Engineering Company, as a stenographer in the general offices. He was soon promoted and put in charge of the time and the pay roll, was made clerk in the purchasing department, from that was made purchasing agent, and finally was put in charge of the general purchasing department. However, this is not Mr. Michell's only business responsibility. He is secretary of the Duplex Manufacturing and Foundry Company. is vice president of the Western Reserve Greenhouse Company, is a stockholder in the Lakewood Engineering Company and is one of the prominent members of the Cleveland Purchasing Agents Association. of which he is a director. He belongs to the Cleveland Athletic Club, Old Colony Club, is a member of St. Luke's Episcopal Church. and is affiliated with Lakewood Lodge. Free and Accepted Masons; Cunningham Chapter, Royal Arch Masons; Forest City Image, Knights Templar; Red Cross Lodge, Knights of Pythias, Al Koran Temple of the Mystic Shrine ; and in politics is independent. In 1917 Mr. Michell built a modern home at 1471 Belle Avenue. He married in Cleveland in 1910 Miss Elva J. Pease. daughter of Solomon and Emma (Dorrance) Pease. Both parents are deceased. Her father was a farmer. Mr. and Mrs. Michell have two daughters, Laverne Emma, born August 13, 556 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS 1912, and Dolores Louise, born September 14, 1918. RODERICK D. GRANT, general contractor and builder, enjoys a name around which Cleveland people have associated the business of contracting for almost half a century. Mr. Grant was formerly for a number of years in partnership with his father and brothers, but since establishing his own business has made it one of the leading firms of the kind in Northern Ohio. Mr. Grant was born at Cleveland May 28, 1880, a son of John Grant, whose personal and business career has been sketched on other pages of this publication. Roderick D. Grant was graduated in 1899 from the Central High School of Cleveland. The following year he spent in Adelbert College of Western Reserve University and though his intention from boyhood was to follow a practical and technical career, he took the classical course both in high school and at Adelbert College. His engineering preparation was done at Cornell University, from which institution he graduated in 1903. While there he did much special work in naval architecture. On returning to Cleveland he became assistant to the superintendent of the American Steel and Wire Company, but in 1904 was prevailed upon by his father to join the business of the John Grant & Sons Company, accepting the office of secretary. In the meantime he had already done considerable general mason contracting and the firm of John Grant & Sons developed a general building contracting business. In 1910 Roderick Grant withdrew from the firm and engaged in general contracting for himself under the name of Roderick D. Grant Company, of which he is president, treasurer and general manager. A line and estimate on his work may be found in a few of the more important buildings constructed. One of these is the Students Club at Western Reserve University, another is the residence of Charles W. Seiberling at Akron, costing $100,000, and also the residence of F. L. Olcott and Theodore Schmidt, each a $20,000 home. A number of other fine residence buildings are to his credit. Mr. Grant has a branch office at Akron. He has established two departments of the business that call for special mention. One is a repair department, offering a general service in all kinds of repair and remodeling work. More recently was established a macadam road work department, in charge of which is an expert, Mr. French. For this class of work Mr. Grant has the most improved equipment, and has adopted the New England method of road building. Undoubtedly his company has at command the most efficient service in this line in Cleveland. Mr. Grant is a member of the Cleveland Athletic Club, University Club, is vice president of the Cleveland Cornell Company, is a member of the University Club of Akron, the Portage Country Club of Akron, and until recently was a director in the Cleveland Builders Supply Company. On October 30, 1907, at Cleveland, he married Miss Blanche Georgia Barnes, a daughter of A. M. Barnes. WINFRED GEORGE LEUTNER, dean of Adelbert College of Western Reserve University since 1912, was born at Cleveland March 1, 1879, son of Frederick M. and Mary (Ernst) Leutner. He was educated in the Lutheran parochial and the Cleveland public schools, graduated from the Central High School in 1897, and received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Adelbert College in 1901. His graduate work was done in the Johns Hopkins University, which awarded him the degree Ph. D. in 1905. He was a Fellow in Greek and Latin at the Johns Hopkins, and in 1905 was made a Fellow by Courtesy in the same university. During 1903-04 Mr. Leutner was instructor of Greek at Adelbert College, was acting professor of Greek at Wittenberg College in this state in 1905-06, then, returning to Adelbert College was instructor in Greek and Latin from 1906 to 1910, assistant professor from 1910 to 1915, and since 1915 has been professor of Greek and Latin. Mr. Leutner enjoyed an extended period of study and travel abroad during 1907-08, most of which time was spent as a student of the American Schools of Classical Studies at Rome and Athens. He is a member of the American Philological Association, the Archeological Institute of America, being secretary and treasurer of the Cleveland Chapter of that Institute, the Classical Association of the Middle West and South, is a member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society and of the College fraternity Beta Theta Pi. At Cleveland he is also a member of the City Club, University Club and the Civic League. On June 30, 1910, he married Miss Emily Payne Smith, daughter of Stanley B. and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 557 Winifred (Mallory) Smith, of Detroit. They have three children: Mary Emily, born June 24, 1912; Frederick Stanley, born in September, 1913; and Ruth Winifred, born in September, 1914. Mr. Leutner and family reside at 2947 Somerton Road, Cleveland Heights. JOHN HENRY WALLACE is president of the Gifford-Wallace Company, a corporation composed of several successful and thoroughly experienced plastering contractors, under whose management and direction a very complete organization has been developed both in personnel and equipment for handling every class and type of work in their special field. The company's offices and headquarters are at 4500 Euclid Avenue. Mr. Wallace himself is a native of Cleveland, born on Hough Avenue in this city August 16, 1881. His father, John Wallace, was born in Ireland in 1840, came to the United States about 1865, locating in Cleveland, and followed the trade of stone cutter most of his active life. He died in 1906. He was a member of the Episcopal Church and in politics always cast his ballot independently. John Wallace married Rachel Wa1p, who was born at Meadville, Pennsylvania, in 1848, and is now living at Kennard, Pennsylvania. She is the mother of four children: Susie, wife of James McGrath, a mail carrier living on Garfield Avenue in Cleveland; William H., superintendent of a marble company, with home on Cedar Avenue in Cleveland; Margaret, wife of W. L. Drackett, a superintendent of construction living on Garfield Avenue; and John Henry. Mr. J. H. Wallace attended the public schools of Cleveland until he was fifteen years old. Since that time he has hustled for himself, and in the intervals of employment has found time to take special work with the International Correspondence School, specializing in mechanical engineering. From the age of fifteen to seventeen he worked in some of the shops of Cleveland, and then began his apprenticeship in the plastering trade. He finally went into the business as a contractor and on January 1, 1916, the Gifford-Wallace Company was incorporated under the laws of Ohio, bringing together in one organization several successful contractors. Besides Mr. Wallace as president the vice president of this company is Mr. Fauver and the secretary and treasurer, Ira S. Clifford. Mr. Wallace is a member of the Builders Exchange, the Cleveland Athletic Club, the American Liberty League, is affiliated with the Independent Order of Odd Fellows, and like his father, is independent in politics. He has one of the good homes at 10626 Morison Avenue. Mr. Wallace married at Cleveland on January 18, 1905, Miss Belle A. Reed, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. George Reed, both now deceased. Her father was connected with the Otis Steel Company. Mr. and Mrs. Wallace have two children, Edward, born June 9, 1908, and Margaret, born January 30, 1911. PHELPS CRUM was admitted to the Ohio bar in June, 1909, and in the nine years of his practice at Cleveland has been accorded a well earned position among the ablest of the city's lawyers. He is now a member of the firm Price, Album, Crum & Album, with offices in the Garfield Building. This firm in the importance of the interests handled and the collective ability and experience of its members is one of the strongest legal associations in the State of Ohio. Mr. Crum was born at Cleveland December 13, 1883, a son of X. X. and Anna Maricia (Phelps) Crum. Both parents are of old American families and of Revolutionary stock. Mr. Crum is directly descended from some of those patriots who helped to establish American independence, and is an active member of the Western Reserve Chapter of the Sons of the American Revolution. His father was at one time secretary of the Cleveland Board of Trade, later became a manufacturer, but is now in the real estate business. Mr. Crum's mother, a woman of rare talents and accomplishments, deserves mention in connection with any distinctions and achievements of her children, and Mr. Phelps Crum feels that she has been one of the most effective and beneficent forces in his life. He was educated in the Central High School at Cleveland, then entered Harvard University where he was graduated A. B. in 1906, and continued in the law department of the same university until winning the degree LL. B. After his admission to the bar he became associated with the well known Cleveland firm of attorneys, Stearns, Chamberlain & Royon, but subsequently became an individual member of the firm first above mentioned. Mr. Crum is general counsel for the Woodland Avenue Savings & Trust Company, the Broadway Savings & Trust Company, The Cleveland Worsted Mills Co., The Sheriff 558 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS Street Market & Storage Co. and is finan cially interested in other companies. He is a member and veteran of Troop A, First Squadron, Ohio Cavalry, known as the Black Horse Troop. Mr. Crum is a member of the Cleveland, the Ohio State and American Bar associations, is a republican, belongs to the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, and has membership in the Union Club of Cleveland, the Country Club, is secretary and a director of the University Club of Cleveland, is vice president of the Church Club of Cleveland, and a member of its council, is a member of the Harvard Club of New York City, and the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. His church is the Episcopal. On June 17, 1913, he married Olive Maude Stafford, oldest daughter of Mr. and Mrs. 0. M. Stafford of Cleveland. Mrs. Crum is a graduate of the Couer Dwight School of Paris, France. She comes of a very musical family, and has two brothers and a younger sister, all of whom have talents in that line. Mr. 0. M. Stafford is a Cleveland banker. Mr. and Mrs. Crum have two daughters, 'Winifred Stafford and Marcia Maude Crum. MONROE CURTIS is one of the fortunate young men of Cleveland—fortunate in the inheritance of good abilities and traditions from old American families, in good home training and educational advantages since boyhood, and also in his chosen work and varied interests he has acquired in many lines. Mr. Curtis was born in Cleveland March 3, 1887, son of Mattoon Monroe and Emily (Chrystie) Curtis. He acquired a liberal education both in this country and abroad. He graduated from the University School of Cleveland in 1907, spent some time in the Villa Rustique at Geneva, Switzerland, finished the classical course of Western Reserve University in 1911, and is a graduate of Columbia University in 1914 and subsequently attended the University of Freiburg, Germany. Mr. Curtis was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1914, and has since specialized in corporation law. He left law school to enter the firm of Herrick, Hopkins, Stockwell & Benesch, and has attained the grade of junior with that, one of Cleveland's most representative law firms. Both in college and since he has been distinguished for his broad and liberal interests. Representing Columbia University he organized and was twice president of the Inter- collegiate League of German Clubs of Amer. ica. While in college he organized the Hud- son Relay, was president of the Sophomore Class, member of the Honor System Committee, and president of musical clubs and Civic Club. He organized Alumni Night, Western Reserve University, and was organizer of the Cleveland Swimming Club and the Y. M. C. A. Swimming Club. He was a member of the university football and track team, and coach of its swimming team, and was a point winner in the Swiss Distance Swimming Championship at Zurich, Switzerland. His chief recreation today is outdoor sports. In 1914 he was captain of the outdoor team and winner of the membership contest for the new building for the Y. M. C. A. Mr. Curtis is a prominent republican. In 1914 he was republican candidate for the State Senate, being nominated at the public primaries, but was defeated with all other candidates on the ticket that year. He was organizer and president of the John Hay Club of Cleveland, and organized the National Young Men's Republican League of Ohio and is still serving that organization as vice president and executive chairman for Ohio. He was secretary one year to the local congressman at Washington and chairman of the Republican Congressional Secretary from Ohio. For two years he was a member of the Labor Dispute Committee of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. He is a director of the Tippecanoe Club, and chairman of its membership committee. Mr. Curtis belongs to the University Club, to the Columbia Club of New York, the Sons of the American Revolution, the City Club of Cleveland, Chamber of Commerce, Tippecanoe Club, Civic League, is secretary of the Columbia Alumni Club of Cleveland, is president of Kent Court of Columbia Law School, is local president of the Delta Upsilon Fraternity and a member of the Phi Delta Phi legal fraternity. He is a member of St. Paul's Episcopal Church of East Cleveland. Mr. Curtis is unmarried and lives at home with his parents. He assisted in organizing and is secretary-and director of The Organic Products Company of Cleveland, and also had a part in the organization and was for two years secretary and director of The Werner G. Smith Company of Lakewood. ALVIN C. PENNOCK. To that numerous group of people who, irrespective of national boundaries and classes, have a community of CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 559 taste and appreciation of the performance, grace and speed of the trotting and race horse, there is no word of introduction needed for Alvin C. Pennock of Cleveland, now manager of the Cranwood Driving Park. Mr. Pennock has in his long career as a horseman and trainer been an international figure and for a number of years before the great war spent perhaps as much time in Europe as in his home country. Mr. Pennock inherits his love of horseflesh undoubtedly from a long line of Yankee ancestors. His great-grandfather was Jonathan Pennock, who according to the local annals was a historical personage at Stafford, Vermont, and in pioneer times was on very friendly terms with the Indians. Peter Pennock, father of Alvin C., was born at Rutledge, Vermont, in 1803, but when a young man removed to Jamestown, New York, where he spent a long and active career and where he died in 1884. He was an early brick manufacturer and owned brick yards at Jamestown, at Warren, Pennsylvania, and Cory, Pennsylvania. He finally retired from business and enjoyed a competence. He was a republican and a member of the Presbyterian Church. Peter Pennock married Phenetta Southwick, who was born in Chautauqua County, New York, in 1823 and died in New York City in 1899. They had four children, Alvin C. being the third. The oldest, Lucy, is now living at Jamestown, New York; her first husband was Henry Burnham, a merchant. After his death she married J. H. Howard, who was formerly in the steel business at Jamestown, Ohio, and is now deceased. Florence, the second daughter, resides with her sister Lucy and is the widow of Joseph E. Irwin, who for many years was a draftsman in New York City. The youngest of the family is Lewis P., a merchant at Jamestown, New York. Alvin C. Pennock was born at Jamestown September 10, 1857. His early education was somewhat abbreviated since he finished school at the age of thirteen. He had attended common schools and for one term was in the high school at Jamestown. Leaving home thus early he identified himself with the throbbing life of the oil districts around Bradford, Oil City and Titusville, Pennsylvania. His headquarters were at Oil City and as an operator he developed some important wells and laid the foundation of his success as an oil man. From boyhood he has been possessed by a fascination for good horses and that taste Vol: IIII-36 and inclination led him into the horse business while at Oil City. For two years he remained there and then returned to Jamestown. In 1882 he came to Cleveland and brought his family to this city in 1883. Mr. Pennock dealt in horses on a large scale and he would doubtless anywhere be named among the leading authorities on the breeding. raising and training of high class horses. A very interesting experience and one that brought him into touch with the cosmopolitan life of Europe came in 1905 when he went abroad for Lewis W. Winans. Mr. Winans is a wealthy American railroad man. His father built the railroad from Moscow to Petrograd, Russia, and the son still owns most of the property. Mr. Winans for a number of years conducted the most extensive training stable in Europe. Mr. Pennock was Mr. Winans' manager and trainer, and the Winans' horses for several years won practically every classic in Austria-Hungary, Italy and England. Mr. Pennock remained with the Winans horses for seven years. He returned to Cleveland in 1910, but continued in Mr. Winans' service until 1912. In the latter year Mr. Pennock leased a large farm situated at South Newburg, Ohio, and built the Cranwood Driving Park. This park is perhaps too well known to need further reference. It has stabling capacity of 160 stalls, and has grandstand and all other buildings necessary to a modern race track. It is one of the best half-mile tracks in Ohio. Adjoining is a farm of 157 acres, and Mr. Pennock looks after the farm as well as the track and stables. Three important race meetings are held at Cranwood every year, in the months of June, August and October. Mr. Pennock has owned as high as forty head of race horses at one time, and for years has trained and sold fine trotting and racing stock. He sold thirty-one head for export to Europe just before the war broke out. Mr. Pennock also owns the Cranwood Club House opposite the race track and is a director in the Cranwood Estate Company and a stockholder in the old Cleveland Driving Park, now known as the North Randall Driving Park. He is a member of the National Trotting Association. Mr. Pennock is a republican, affiliates with the Presbyterian Church and is a member of Cleveland Lodge No. 18, Benevolent and Protective Order of Elks. He owns a fine modern residence at 12912 Miles Avenue. At Oil City, Pennsylvania, in 1878 he mar- 560 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ried Miss Mary S. Meyers, daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Jacob Meyers, now deceased. Her father had a large farm and vineyard near Dunkirk, New York. Mr. and Mrs. Pennock have two children. The son Charles A. lives with his parents and assists his father in the business. Anetta is the wife of Vance Nuckols and they reside on East Boulevard in Cleveland. Mr. Nuckols is well known in the trotting horse business and runs the White Horse Tavern. HON. MYRON T. HERRICK. Every year has added something new to the sum total of interest and activities by which the name Myron T. Herrick is associated with his home city of Cleveland and the state of Ohio and also with the larger national and international life and affairs. While Cleveland is the home of many distinguished men it is doubtful if any one in this generation has exercised an influence finer in quality and purpose than Myron T. Herrick. In the public life of his own state and the nation his influence has been invariably for enlightened progress and at the same time for essential justice. His sympathies have been true and his judgment sound, and in character and accomplishment he has exemplified the qualities which raise and dignify democratic citizenship and are the foundation of our best leadership. It is a long road to true eminence which he has followed since his birth in a humble log cabin at Huntington, Lorain County, Ohio, October 9, 1854. He comes of sound American stock, a son of Timothy R. and Mary (Hulburt) Herrick. His grandfather, Timothy Herrick, a native of Watertown, New York, was a soldier in the War of 1812. In 1834 he walked from his native village in New York to Huntington, Ohio, and later with ox teams moved his family and household goods to the western country. Timothy R. Herrick was a successful farmer, accumulating a considerable estate, and a man of influence and public affairs, being mayor of his Village of Wellington. He married Mary Hulburt, whose father, Orrin Hulburt, was also a soldier of the War of 1812 and had settled in Ohio about the same time as the Herrick family. Myron T. Herrick spent a portion of his youth on a farm. He attended public school at Huntington and Wellington, but never graduated from high school nor from college. His father was a practical sort of man, believing that a youth could best develop his talents in the atmosphere of bard work. Myron T. Herrick had an ambition for an education, stimulated it is said by reading Henry Ward Beecher's famous novel "Norwood," and also by a visit to commence. ment exercises at Oberlin College. He steadily improved such advantages as were his and at the age of sixteen was qualified to teach a district school at Brighton, Ohio. He also cultivated the habits of clear thinking and distinguished himself in local debating societies as a logical speaker and in the expression of positive views. From Ohio he went to St. Louis. While looking for work he wrote an article describing the Merchants Bridge over the Mississippi which had recently been completed. This article he took to the St. Louis Globe Democrat, and with the introduction was employed by that paper to travel through Texas and Oklahoma and write up the country. For eight months he furnished stories of cattle ranches and descriptions of towns and people of the Southwest. After a year he was back in Ohio and invested his funds in a year and a half of college work at Oberlin, being compelled to abandon his college course on account of lack of means. He then sold dinner bells to farmers, was agent for the Estey organs and again having accumulated a small fund he resumed his studies, this time in the Ohio Wesleyan University at Delaware. The close of the college term found him ranking as a junior. In recognition of his later achievements the Ohio Wesleyan conferred upon him the degree A. M. in 1899 and he has since been honored with the degree LL. D. by various universities including Princeton in 1915. One of his biographers describes him when he left college as a young man of active mind, a quick and clear thinker, ambitious and persistent, and of affable manner, making friends easily and keeping them. For a time he sold lightning rods through Western Pennsylvania and was bookkeeper for a merchant at Wellington, Ohio. In 1875 he became clerk in the law offices of L. F. and F. E. Herrick at Cleveland, and in 1878 was admitted to the bar. Mr. Herrick was in practice as a lawyer at Cleveland from 1878 to 1886. His great forte even then was as a business man along constructive lines. One of his first important financial achievements was the purchase with Henry C. Ranney of a portion of the Case CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 561 estate, which they soon sold at a large profit. He also assisted in organizing The Cleveland Hardware Company. This enterprise became notable because of its advanced ideas as to treatment of employes. With other associates he promoted the Cleveland Arcade Building. If Mr. Herrick had to be limited to one distinction, he would doubtless choose his long and successful service as a banker in connection with the Society for Savings at Cleveland. Concerning this great institution, now nearly seventy years old, particular description is required at this point. In an attractive pamphlet recently issued by the society and detailing its history the date of Mr. Herrick's first connection with the institution is given as October, 1886. He was then but thirty-two years of age, and as secretary and treasurer was practically the chief executive of the society. In 1894 he was elected its president. While governor of Ohio he resigned the presidency and the directors then created the special position of chairman of the board which he filled from 1905 to 1908 and the office was abolished when he resumed the presidency, which with that exception he has filled continuously since 1894. Again and again Mr. Herrick declined the honors of high official arid diplomatic poets rather than sacrifice .his attention to the work of the bank. For years Mr. Herrick has been one of America's leading financiers. In 1901 he was elected president of the American Bankers Association. In 1896 he was chosen one of the receivers of the Wheeling and Lake Erie Railway Company and in that capacity provided a Cleveland terminus for the road by uniting it with the Cleveland, Canton & Southern. For twelve years he was on the board of directors of the Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway. He had an active part in the management of several large banking institutions of New York City, and after the panic of 1907 was appointed one of the three trustees to rehabilitate the Knickerbocker Company of New York. Even before the panic of that year he had been active in advocating currency reform. However, he was opposed to the establishment of postal savings banks. Mr. Herrick is a director and vice president of the National Carbon Company. More than thirty years ago in 1884 he and other Cleveland men bought a small carbon manufacturing plant on Willson Avenue and from that developed the present National Carbon Company, one of the largest and most successful business organizations in the country. He was also one of the organizers of the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company and for a time was president. In 1906 he became president of the Central Colorado Power Company, formed for the purpose of supplying Denver and surrounding territory with water power. These are only the more important of the heavy business responsibilities he has at different times carried. In the science and practice of polities Myron T. Herrick has been a conservative of the constructive type. He has favored reform but not the radical policies which would dislocate the fabric of industry and society. In following a course justified by his experience and positive convictions he has never wavered. He has never been a political trimmer. Factions and leaders seeking special favors never got very far with Mr. Herrick. After a study of his political experience it would appear that his motto has been "do right and take the consequences." It is a not altogether pleasing commentary upon American politics that those who do right very frequently suffer grievously from the consequences. His first important political office came in 1885 when he was elected a member of the city council of Cleveland. After two terms he refused to become a candidate for re-election. He appeared as a factor in the National Republican organization in 1888 when he opposed M. A. Hanna in a contest for control of the district convention to select delegates to the national convention. He was successful, but insisted that Hanna be named as a delegate with him. That was the beginning of a very close personal friendship between the two men. From 1888 Mr. Herrick has been a delegate to every republican national convention except in 1900, when he was abroad. In that year he was an elector at large from Ohio. In the convention of 1896 he was one of the enthusiastic supporters of Governor McKinley and had a leading part in the framing of the gold standard plank. In 1900 he succeeded George B. Cox as member of the National Committee from Ohio, and in 1904 was elected a member of the committee. Rather than give up his place in the Society for Savings he declined the office of Secretary of the Treasury offered by William McKinley, and he subsequently for similar reasons declined an ambassadorship to Italy offered by both President McKinley 562 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS and President Roosevelt. It has been said that when he retired from the city council of Cleveland it was his resolve never to become a candidate for office again. This resolution was overturned during the winter of 1904 because of exigencies in Ohio which demanded an especially strong man to head the state ticket. In the convention at Columbus Mr. Herrick was nominated for governor by acclamation and during his succeeding campaign his opponent was Tom L. Johnson, also of Cleveland. It was one of the most exciting campaigns that ever occurred in Ohio. Mr. Herrick was elected by a majority of over 113,000, the largest ever given in Ohio. He was inaugurated the fortieth governor of the state January 11, 1904. While governor Mr. Herrick did much to raise the standard of efficiency of the Ohio National Guard. He had become a member of the Cleveland Grays soon after locating in Cleveland, and afterwards was one of the first members of the noted Troop A, with which he was connected twelve years. As governor he secured the passage of a law prescribing that the members of the governor's staff should be officers of the National Guard. As governor he assumed full responsibility of leadership conferred upon him by his party in the state. He never hesitated to advise and advocate legislation which seemed to him necessary and imperative and in accordance with his promise to the people in the campaign preceding. A complete review of his administration has no place in this article. However,. mention should be made of two great questions that affected the welfare of the people of Ohio and Governor Herrick's own political career. The first of these was the temperance question. Governor Herrick was determined that an efficient law should be passed making it possible for saloons to be removed from residence districts in cities, but was equally insistent that the law should be just and that it should not on account of the provisions prove to be unconstitutional. This position naturally satisfied neither the anti-saloon leaders nor the saloon and brewery interests. When the Milne proposed a radical bill he threatened it with veto, but after many conferences between the House and Senate and the introduction of features favored by Mr. Herrick a law was perfected which he promptly signed. Though the bill was unsatisfactory to the radicals on both sides, it came to be regarded as a very effective instrument in temperance legislation and resulted in the abolition of thousands of saloons in the state. There was also submitted to him for his signature a bill permitting race track gambling. He vetoed it as a measure against the moral interests of the state violating sound public policy as well as the constitution. This too brought down upon him a storm of abuse. In the next state convention he was renominated, and was the first man in Ohio to receive two unanimous nominations for governor. The campaign that followed was a spectacular one. Both the anti-saloon and saloon elements were arrayed against him, also the proponents of the race track bill and many other special interests in addition to the full force of the democratic party. In such a situation the fact that he was defeated for re-election is one of the best tributes that could be paid him as a true leader in public life. After leaving the governor's chair Mr. Herrick resumed his position as president of the Society for Savings, and if anything his power and leadership in the republican party as a national organization have been greater through every succeeding year. As ambassador to France from February 15, 1912, to December, 1914, his services, especially at the outbreak of the European war, are still fresh in mind. On leaving France he was decorated with the Grand Cross of the Legion of Honor. In the last national campaign Mr. Herrick was a candidate for election to the United States Senate. Mr. Herrick is now chairman of the Board of the Cleveland War Commission, a board appointed by Mayor Davis. It was Mr. Herrick who first publicly advocated giving to France one billion dollars outright, or loaning France that amount without interest. Mr. Herrick has served as trustee and treasurer of the McKinley National Memorial Association, and was commissioner to the centennial celebration at New York in 1889. On July 30, 1880, he married Caroline M. Parmely, daughter of M. B. Parmely of Dayton, Ohio. Their one son is Parmely W. Herrick, now one of the trustees of the Society for Savings and long actively associated with his father in business and financial affairs. Mr. Herrick keeps his offices in the Cuyahoga Building, of which he was one of the builders. The family residence is Overlook Road, Euclid Heights. CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 563 JONATHAN CLAYTON FORMAN was an honored citizen and representative business man of Cleveland and upon his record there rests no shadow or blemish. His strength was as the number of his days and not only did he accomplish much in connection with the practical affairs of life, but his nature, strong and kindly in tolerance, was everywhere a potent influence for good. During the entire period of his active career he was identified with the printing and book-binding business and was president of the Forman, Bassett, Hatch Company at the time of his demise in 1915. At Gorham, Pennsylvania, September, 1830, occurred the birth of Jonathan C. Forman. In 1842, at the age of twelve years he came to Cleveland and entered the printing office of Sanford & Lott. He learned the business with this concern and when the firm name was changed to Sanford & Hayward, he was admitted to partnership in the same. This was the leading printing and book-binding establishment in Cleveland at the time and in 1876 it was purchased by Mr. Forman and Mr. Short and was operated under the name of Short & Forman until November, 1890, when the Forman, Bassett, Hatch Company was formed. Of this latter company Mr. Forman was elected president and he continued to serve in that capacity with the utmost efficiency until death called him from the scene of his mortal endeavors, in 1915. In addition to general printing and lithographic work this company was engaged in the manufacture of blank books and in the stationery business. It was one of the foremost establishments of its kind in Cleveland for many years and also ranks as such today. June 20, 1853, Mr. Forman was united in marriage to Miss Elizabeth Curtis Darroch. To them were born two children: Samuel W., born in Cleveland, in August, 1854, and William henry, whose birth occurred in June, 1863, and who died in December, 1863. Samuel W. Forman was educated in the public schools of his native city and was a clerk in the Cleveland postoffice until his death in March, 1892. He married Ida Kenney, and this union was prolific of two children: Elizabeth, now living with her widowed mother; and Jonathan Clayton, born December 2, 1888. Jonathan Clayton Forman, II, received his early education in the public schools of Cleveland and supplemented the same with a course in the University School, which he attended until his nineteenth year. He then engaged as a salesman with the Forman-Bassett Company, of which his grandfather was a founder and president, as noted above. After thoroughly familiarizing himself with this business, he was elected its vice president and a member of the board of directors. He is also floor manager and is rapidly fitting himself to take the place left vacant by his illustrious grandfather. He is a republican in politics and is a member of the Union and Auto clubs of Cleveland. January 1, 1910, was solemnized his marriage to Winnifred Thomas, a native of this city. Four children have been born to them, as follows: Jonathan C. Jr., born December 2, 1911, died in 1914; Mary Jane, Elizabeth and Thomas B. Jonathan C. Forman was a leading and influential citizen of Cleveland and his activity in business affairs, his co-operation in public interests, and his zealous support of all objects that he believed would contribute to the material, social or moral improvement of the community kept him in the foremost rank of those to whom the city owes its development and present position as one of the leading metropolitan centers of the middle west. His life was characterized by upright, honorable principles and it also exemplified the truth of the Emersonian philosophy that "the way to win a friend is to be one." His genial, kindly manner won him the high regard and good will of all with whom he came in contact and thus his death was uniformly mourned throughout the vicinity in which he lived. FRANK WADE, attorney at law, with offices in Society for Savings Building, is a Cleveland lawyer of more than twenty years experience and residence in this city. He is a Canadian by birth and was trained in the law in the noted Osgood Hall at Toronto. Mr. Wade was born at Walkerton. Canada, 120 miles northwest of Toronto, September 19. 1871. son of John T. and Amanda (Day) Wade. Both parents died in Canada. His father for a number of years kept a general store at Walkerton before the days of the railroad there. On retiring from business he lived with his son, the late Harold Wade, at Toronto for five years. There were two sons in the family. Frank and Harold. Harold Wade. born at Walkerton. Ontario, belonged to the Fourth Battalion, First Contingent Canadian Over Seas Expeditionary Forces and was with his battalion in all its 562 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS service from the time it landed in France up to the fighting at Courcelet on September 20, 1916, when Harold Wade was killed by a shell. He was at that time thirty-eight years of age and held the rank of sergeant major. At the outset of, young manhood he had seen military service as a veteran of the Boer war. Harold Wade was a member of Wilson Lodge No. 86, Ancient Free and Accepted Masons at Toronto. Mr. Frank Wade attended high school at his native town of Walkerton, and from there entered Osgood Hall, where he took the full course in law. Mr. Wade came to Cleveland, passed the State Bar examination March 12, 1896, and at once began general practice. He has always practiced alone and has enjoyed a most creditable clientage and a high place in the esteem of his fellow lawyers. He is a democrat in politics and was one of the admirers of the late Mayor Tom Johnson, during whose administration he served several times as acting judge of Police Court. He was formerly prominent in fraternal organizations. but has given up those connections and is now a member only of the Ohio State Bar Association. II is recreations are outdoor life, especially fishing and horticulture. His home is at 1932 East Eighty-third Street. Mr. Wade married Mazie Deacon of Stratford, Ontario. Their two children are Harry A., born at Buffalo, New York, and Margaret A., born at Cleveland. WILLIAM E. PITTS is a man of varied and extensive business and commercial experience, and since locating at Cleveland has become prominent in the real estate field. He is president of The Tuxedo Land Company. a $25.000 corporation, and is treasurer of The Brook Park Realty Company, which operates on a capital of $50,000. Both these firms have transacted a large amonnt of business in subdivision work in Cleveland, and arc organizations of the highest standing. Their offices are in the Home Bank Building. Mr. Pitts is of fine old Irish stock, and was born at Asheville. Tennessee, March 23: 1868. His grandfather. John Pitts, spent all his life as a farmer in County Limerick, Ireland. where he died in 1876. The father, Richard Pitts, who was born in the City of Limerick, Ireland, in 1832, came to the United States when only thirteen years of age. He landed at Boston, Massachusetts, and afterwards completed a thorough education in the Jesuit College at Montreal. Canada. After his edu cation he returned to the United States and located at St. Louis, Missouri, where he entered mercantile lines, At the outbreak of the Civil war in 1861 he enlisted and in September, 1862, was commissioned major of the First Missouri Regiment of Volunteer Infantry. His commission was signed by Hamilton R. Gamble, governor of Missouri, and by William D. Wood, acting adjutant general. He saw some strenuous service, was wounded at the battle of Chickamauga, and was breveted colonel for gallantry. He also served at Belmont, Shiloh, and many other engagements. After the war, returning to St. Louis County, Missouri, he became a merchant at Bonfils, where he conducted a store from 1870 until his death in August, 1910. He filled the office of postmaster at Bonfils for thirty-five years and for a similar period was a director of schools and clerk of school board. Politically he was independent, was a member of the Catholic Church, and affiliated with the Grand Army of the Republic. Strangely enough and conspicuous as an exception to a general rule, he refused to take a pension from the United States Government on the ground that with all his service to the country in the war he still owed America a debt of gratitude for the opportunities it had given him and the inestimable privileges of citizenship. However, since his death his widow has been awarded a pension. He married Margaret Anglum, who was born in Tipperary, Ireland, in 1841, and is now living in Missouri at a town named in her honor Anglum. She is the mother of the following family: Margaret, who died at the age of twenty-one; John, who was born at Baton Rouge, Louisiana, in 1866, and is now postmaster of the Village of Anglum, 'Missouri; William E.; Kate, who was born in 1870, wife of Anthony Stein, a retired farmer of St. Louis, Missouri; Jane, born in 1872, married Wendell Pfeister, who is employed by the St. Louis Electric Railway Company and lives at Pattonville in St. Louis County ; Alice, born in 1874, wife of Matthew Foerester, a physician in St. Louis County; Richard W., born in 1882 at Bonfils. Missouri, now a train dispatcher for the Wabash Railway and lives at Anglum ; Estella, born in 1886, wife of Ignatius Prouhet, a farmer living at Pattonville in St. Louis County. William E. Pitts completed his education in one of the finest Catholic schools of the Middle West, St. Mary's College at St Mary's, Kansas. He graduated in 1884, and CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 565 after that returned home and worked for his father several years. In 1890 he went into the grocery business for himself in St. Louis, and in 1894 transferred his attention to the insurance business. He remained a business man at St. Louis until 1902, following which for four years he traveled for Van Camp, and then in 1906 came to Cleveland and entered real estate operations. Besides his executive positions with the two large firms above named he is vice president of The Brooklyn-Parma Royalton Civic Association and is a member of the board of the Denison School Community. He is active as a Catholic of which church he is a member. April 21, 1890, at St. Louis Mr. Pitts married Miss Eugenia Withington. Mrs. Pitts is a member of the Daughters of the American Revolution, her ancestral claim for membership in that order coming from John Withington, who fought as a Patriot in the War for Independence. Tier parents were second cousins, spelling their names with only a slight difference. Tier father was George Withington, who owned a plantation in the South, and her mother was Theresa Within-ton. Both are now deceased. Mr. and Mrs. Pitts have five children. Margaret, who is a graduate of the East Cleveland High School, married Walter Bemis, superintendent of the City Ice Company of Cleveland; Theresa, wife of Joseph Mercier, a steward on lake boats; Eugenia, at home; James, a student in Lincoln High School ; and William E., Jr., who attends the parochial school. ELROY MCKENDREE AVERY, the author of the "History of Cleveland and Its Environs," has been engaged in the preparation and publication of educational and historical works for a period of more than forty years. Yet by no means is he a dry-as-dust man of the study. During this long period of literary activity and actual output he has been a citizen of two states in the participation of affairs into which he has both been called and introduced himself. He was born in Erie, Monroe County, Michigan, on July 14 (Bastile Day), 1844. Mr. Avery received his earlier education at Monroe, the county seat, and served in the civil war as a member of the Fourth Michigan Infantry and of the Eleventh Michigan Cavalry volunteer regiments. At the end of the war, he was mustered out as sergeant-major of his regiment. He soon entered the University of Michigan. At the beginning of his junior year at the university, he became principal of the high school at Battle Creek, Michigan. Four months later, a sympathetic friend lent him enough money to finish his college course and he resigned his pedagogical position and practically handed it over to Miss Catherine Hitchcock Tilden, without anybody in Battle Creek suspecting that Miss Tilden and Mr. Avery were engaged to be married. As she took his place in the Battle Creek high school, he returned to Ann Arbor, "made good" as a member of his class, and was graduated without having had a "condition" in his college course. The quality of his scholarship is further certified by the Phi Beta Kappa "key" that he wears. Miss Tilden and Mr. Avery were married at Battle Creek on the second of July, 1870, she continuing for another year as principal of the Battle Creek High School and he being graduated by the University of Michigan in June, 1871. From that time on, for more than forty years, they merged their personalities and all their interests in the common cause of sustaining each other in their multitudinous activities and in their common efforts to impart that high life to the community which each received from the other. During the earlier part of their married life, which was more strictly confined to the province of formal education than the later years, their lines of professional work were almost parallel. In the summer of 1871, Mr. Avery became superintendent of the public schools of the Village of East Cleveland, while his wife became principal of the high school. In 1872 the village was absorbed by the City of Cleveland and Mr. and Mrs. Avery continued in charge of the East High School, he as principal and she as first assistant. Mr. Avery was appointed principal of the Cleveland City Normal School in the summer of 1878, with his wife as his first assistant. In 1879 they both relinquished teaching as a regular occupation, but, to the day of her death in 1911, Mrs. Avery's teacher's certificate was kept in force. She was frequently employed as a substitute or emergency teacher in the Cleveland high schools and, with her husband, as an instructor in county teachers' institutes. After 1879 their lives broadened into many separate channels; all their activities, however, were cemented by a mutual confidence and love which centered in a happy domestic life. Mr. Avery, in 1874, had been granted the honorary degree of Ph. M. by the University 566 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS of Michigan, and two years later had issued the first of his numerous text books on physics, chemistry, and the English language. It was entitled "Elementary Physics," and it will serve no useful purpose to mention by name the dozen or more standard works that he published along these lines for about twenty-eight years. The reader may find them in any "Who's Who in America" or almost any American biographical dictionary, Mr. Avery soon deviated from these educational lines, and commenced to delve into the fascinations and lore of the historical. His first book of that nature was published in 1892, "Columbus and the Columbian Brigade." In 1904 came the "Town Meeting," and several years later the "Groton Avery Clan" and "John Humphrey, Massachusetts Magistrate." In the meantime, and for a quarter of a century, he had been engaged in the preparation of a monumental and beautifully illustrated "History of the United States and Its People" to be completed in twelve volumes, seven of which have been issued. Following the degree of Ph. M. conferred upon Mr. Avery by Michigan University, in 1874, were Ph. D. by Hillsdale College, in 1881, and D. C. L. by the same institution in 1911; in 1894, the degree of LL. D. was con- ferred by Wilberforce University. Doctor Avery has not confined his abilities to prac- tical instruction or to instructive literature, hut has accomplished much as a public-spirited citizen. He served in the Cleveland city council in 1891-92 and was a member of the Ohio senate in 1893-97. In both bodies his efforts and stanch personality contributed to healthful legislation, and Beadle Day, of 1918, which was celebrated with such éclat by the people of Cleveland, was the occasion of nu- merous touching messages, some conveyed in person and some by letter, to Doctor Avery. He vigorously entered his seventy-fifth year, still secure in the confidence, honor and affection of hundreds whom he has assisted or in- spired through his efforts of the past, still actively in operation at the present. Forty years of fine educational work in Cleveland, during which hundreds of men and women who were to step forth into its hest life were placed by her on a high and en- during foundation of character—that by no means expresses the entirety of Mrs. Avery's noble mission. Edward L. Harris. for years identified with the Central High School, re- counts her characteristics as a teacher: "Great love of humanity—to be a little more explicit, her love of boys and girls"; her great optimistic spirit; a keen sense of justice; her motto, "Do," not "Don't." Yet Mrs. Avery was far more than the cheerful, faithful, optimistic and able teacher. Never assertive, or striving for advancement, her personality attracted the admiration, confidence and love of all who came within its golden radius, and her leadership was never tainted by jealousies or animosities. Although of western birth, after the death of her father, in 1861, she moved with her foster mother to Massachusetts, was educated in the Normal School of the Bay State, became a close friend of Mrs. Lydia Maria Child, attracted the notice of Wendell Phillips, taught school in Massachusetts, and in other ways absorbed the noble patriotism of New England. Coming also of good Revolutionary stock, her eastern education and experience increased her pride in it, and soon after the first meeting of the Daughters of the American Revolution she became a member of the District of Columbia Society. The first president-general, Mrs. Caroline Scott Harrison, offered her the state regency of Ohio. This honor she declined, but accepted the regent's commission for the Western Reserve Chapter, which she organized, the first in Ohio. lu 1895 she was unanimously elected regent of the state. She was untiring in the work of organizing chapters and created widespread interest in the general aims and accomplishments of the national society. On retiring from the state regency she was elected vice president-general from Ohio, and at the expiration of that term the state bestowed upon her the life title "honorary state regent." From the time she joined the order until her death, twenty years, she never relaxed her interest or activities in the work of the Daughters of the American Revolution in Ohio and the United States. During the last twelve years of her life she was editor of the "American Monthly Magazine," the official organ of the national society. Even previously she had been a generous contributor to the newspapers on the manifold subjects so vital to her, and had been elected td membership in the Woman's Press Club. Subsequently she twice served as its president and was its delegate to the conventions of the International League of Press Clubs held at St. Paul and San Francisco. At the public memorial meeting held at the Chamber of Commerce, January 4, 1912, at CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 567 which there was an outpouring of Cleveland's best and ablest citizens in public and private life, the veteran librarian, W. H. Brett, spoke as follows: "Mrs. Avery's influence in educational matters was so generally recognized that, in 1892, when Ohio gave women the right to be a part of the school board, the honor naturally came to her, and she was elected the first woman member of the board of education. She blazed the way, and gave to the city intelligent service, with much thought for the teacher and the inner life of the school. She also, as the only woman, served efficiently upon the library board. At the time of her death she was president of the city board of school examiners. "Public experience gave to Mrs. Avery a large vision of things, a judgment that was conservative and rare, and she became a counselor and adviser of women in their efforts to find themselves. She was a member of the Relief Corps, of Sorosis, of the Federation of Women's Clubs, the Conversational, Art and Social Study, and W. C. T. U. organizations. The literary, the civic, the temperance, the philanthropic and the patriotic organizations of Cleveland were all beneficiaries of her wisdom. Mrs. Avery never advanced herself, but was happy to work in the ranks and to leave the credit to others. "In 1896 the Woman's Auxiliary of the Cleveland Centennial Commission was organ- ized with her as president for life. She was perhaps the first woman of Cleveland to real- ize the necessity of her sex becoming Sc. quainted with parliamentary law, and was well versed in the same as was shown in the reorganization of the woman's department of the Centennial Commission. The society had been in working order for some months when a question was raised in regard to the legality of its organization. It was hinted that there had been too much informality, and that the organization had no legal standing. At an adjourned meeting a week later, Mrs. Avery took the chair and slowly and skillfully straightened out all the tangles in which the commission was ensnared. "At this point it is interesting to note that this Centennial Commission in 1896 decided that they would prepare a box in which they would enclose many things for the women of 1996, at which time the next centennial celebration would be held in this city. In that box, which is sealed and placed carefully away, is a letter written `To Women Unborn. 1896 sends greeting to 1996.' I am sure you will be as interested in hearing that letter, and as it is not very long, I am going to read it to you:" [The letter and the story thereof are printed in the nineteenth chapter of this volume.] It was to be expected that Mrs. Avery would be at the front in all the relief work which grew out of the Spanish-American war. In fact, she was vice president of the Spanish War Emergency Relief Board. She was in charge of organization and had under her 181 societies which furnished relief to soldiers in quarters, in camp and in transit. Mrs. Avery became a member of the Public Library board of trustees and served until 1903. During that period she was chairman of the committees on books, employes, and rules, and a member of the extension committee, and for the last year vice president of the board. But as invaluable as were Mrs. Avery 's official services, it is as a worker among books, a faithful user of the library, that she is to be most highly commended. Thus says Mr. Brett: "For many years be- fore (her connection with the Board of trustees) and for many years since, she was a constant user of the library—a reader, a student, devoted to research, and she not only used the library itself, but she made it known to others, her friends, her pupils, her boys and girls, as she always lovingly called them. She was a missionary of good books, a most effective missionary. Then, in the selection of books, particularly in the subjects in which she was especially interested, she was the mentor and adviser of the library, particularly in the realm of American history, of New England history, particularly of local history and genealogy. For many years Mrs. Avery's advice was sought and was always freely given. Her knowledge of local New England history and family history was unsurpassed by that of anyone I have ever known. Her knowledge of the original sources of the compilations, of the local conditions, was so extensive, and her judgment was so good, that what of value the collection in the library has is very largely due to her." Thus the years passed in faithful work and the continuous birth of good deeds, and on December 13, 1911, Mrs. Avery's sixty-seventh birthday, a few of her closest friends gave her a surprise luncheon at the Woman's Club, in the organization of which she was one of the moving spiri ts. Practically every organ- 568 - CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS ization in the city with which she was affiliated, or in any way allied, was represented at that meeting. After the luncheon we had a few toasts upon the program, but, 'spontaneously, every woman in the room rose to her feet and paid a tribute to the work of Mrs. Avery, and told what she had done in some personal way to help them, and then each one laid an American Beauty rose in her lap, and decorated her "The first woman of Cleveland." Her sweet, womanly end is told as follows; "On the afternoon of the twenty-first of December (1911) she called at the holiday-season candy-booth of the Danghters and at the Woman's Club. That night she and her husband talked over the details of a new house that they were to build; later she retired as usual. An hour or two after midnight, her husband found that she was in pain and summoned the family physician and some of the neighbors. The pain was soon followed by faintness and, as her husband rubbed her forehead with camphor spirits and Mr. and Mrs. Tawney chafed her hands, she went away. She had recognized Mr. and Mrs. Tawney and thanked them for their prompt kindness, and had said that she was going to die. Her last words were, 'Elroy, do not let the house get cold.' The end was so peaceful and quiet that her husband, with his hand upon her forehead, did not know that the laurel had been exchanged for the crown until Mrs. Tawney said, 'I am afraid that she has gone.' Five minutes later, the doctor came, but Mrs. Avery was dead." The public press voiced the sentiment of the people in the deep loss sustained in the taking from earth of so much graciousness, and also the eternal gain which marks the passing of every Christian soul, leaving to humanity a perpetual aroma and grace which comes from on high. The funeral was held at Groton Bank, the family home on Woodhill Road, on the afternoon of Sunday, December 24th, and the tributes of word and tear were repeated, even more impressively, at the memorial meetings of the following fourth of January. All the details of that tribute of open hearts and minds are matters of full record. As Newton D. Baker was then mayor of Cleveland, as well as a family friend of Mr. and Mrs. Avery, he was one who offered his tribute. It was distilled from the heart, as follows: "If the City of Cleveland consisted only or chiefly of certain square miles of land, and certain impersonal buildings of more or less magnitude or beauty, any message from the city to this company of people who were personal friends of Mrs. Avery, and have been blessed in their private relations by her friendship and her earnestness, would be a cold and cheerless intrusion. As the City of Cleveland does, however, consist of more than the things I have described, and is really and chiefly six hundred thousand human beings, with beating hearts and urgent needs, and as Mrs. Avery's life was a ministry to all of them, I speak rather for the people of Cleveland than the city, and I ask, with all the tender sympathy I can have for the personal side of the loss that you have suffered, that you will take what seems to me, for the moment at least, the larger view. It is hard when the pin is pricking our own finger for us to feel the thorn in the heart of all mankind, and yet that is the larger grief. . . . "Now the thing I want to speak of about Mrs. Avery's life, and the thing I think the six hundred thousand people in Cleveland would want me to say about her life, is that she is the final answer to those doubtless earnest. but I cannot avoid thinking, mistaken spirits to whom the four walls of some house, large or small, are home in the sense of being the prison walls of woman's activity. Mrs. Avery made her home all that any woman's home can be. She was the scholarly wife of a scholarly man. She was the tender helpmeet of a scholar, and yet she reached out, touching every vital interest in our community, until the radius of her activity was as wide as the circumference of human need and human interest. Everything that affected humanity and mankind was of vital interest to her. And so—it is too late for me to enlarge upon that thought—we have the situation of a conspicuous woman leaving us for aye. "I remember, when I was a child, I saw once a poem in which some poet was describing the apparent insignificance of human life, and he said something like this—it has been so many years that I doubtless err in the words of it: Unmourned, unwept, unsung, The countless millions move along, Like sparks from off an anvil flung, Glitter a moment, then are gone. That verse has come to me today as I have sat here, and I have thought that the poet CLEVELAND AND ITS ENVIRONS - 569 ought to have added that every now and then one of the sparks, instead of glittering a moment and going, becomes a fixed star. "Here in this community lived a woman who did all that any woman's duty requires of her, and then in the school, and in the library, and in the Daughters of the American Revolution, in all the avenues of citizenship and public interest, played a conspicnous part. Even for us of less opportunity there is a consolation in the thoughtthat the little things we do that may not be picked out for mark and comment and note, may, after all, bear fruit for those who come within the range of our narrower influence. But the City of Cleveland stands aside today; this is a royal soul that is passing now, and as the things that are seen are temporal, and the things that are not seen are eternal, she goes surrounded not only by wreaths of human affection growing out of personal service, but she goes surrounded by the flowers of public service, accompanying her to the place for which her soul is bound."—H. G. C.