500 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS for the Guardian Savings and Trust Company, now the Guardian Trust Company. Steadily advancing by reason of his close application and ready adaptability, he was placed in charge of the stock transfer department in 1905 and was intrusted with greater responsibilities July 17, 1917, becoming assistant secretary at that time. Since 1923 he has been a vice president of the Guardian Trust Company and still has charge of the stock transfer department, which is efficiently managed. In this city Mr. Force was married June 15, 1909, to Miss Almira Kuhlman, a daughter of Charles C. Kuhlman, one of the founders of the business of the Kuhlman Car Company of Cleveland. The three children of this marriage are : Viola Mildred and Jean Ruth, who are attending Ohio Wesleyan University; and Myron Clayton, a high school pupil. Mr. Force maintains his home in the suburb of Lakewood and with his family he has membership in the Disciples Church. Without party bias, he casts his ballot for the candidates whom he deems best qualified for office and as an active member of the Cleveland and Lakewood Chambers of Commerce he is working earnestly for civic advancement. He belongs to the City Club and the Westwood Country Club. His Masonic affiliations are with Lakewood Lodge, F. & A. M., Cunningham Chapter, R. A. M., Cleveland Council, R. & S. M., all of Cleveland. HON. ROBERT JOHNS BULKLEY Hon. Robert J. Bulkley, a member of the United States senate and former congressman, has served his country well in times of war and in days of peace. In other walks of life he has also won prominence, figuring conspicuously in legal, business and financial circles of Cleveland, his native city. Born October 8, 1880, he is a son of Charles Henry Bulkley, who was a native of Williamstown, Massachusetts, and journeyed westward to Cleveland in 1870. Here he entered the real estate field and also engaged successfully in the mortgage and investment business. In 1874 he was married to Roberta Johns. Their son, Robert J. Bulkley, attended the University School and Brooks Military College before matriculating in Harvard University, where he took both the literary and law courses, receiving his Bachelor of Arts degree in 1902 and the Master of Arts degree in 1906. Admitted to the Ohio bar in 1906, he began practice with the Cleveland firm of Henderson, Quail & Siddell and in 1909 the firm of Bulkley & Inglis was formed. Through various changes in the personnel this became Bulkley, Hauxhurst, Saeger & Jamison and is now known as Bulkley, Hauxhurst, Jamison & Sharp. As head of this notable law firm Mr. Bulkley's talents have shone brightly in a city that has produced many brilliant lawyers. Venturing outside the path of his profession, he entered the field of finance, becoming president of the Morris Plan Bank of Cleveland and thus continuing for several years, and is now chairman of its board. He contributed toward the architectural adornment of his city by erecting the Bulkley building, which - 501 - 502 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS was completed in 1921, and the Bulkley Building Company, of which he is the president, maintains offices in this edifice. However, business, financial and professional interests have not monopolized Mr. Bulkley's time and attention and his achievements as a public servant constitute one of the most important chapters in the history of his life. For two terms, from 1911 to 1915, he represented the twenty-first Ohio district in the national halls of legislation, participating in the deliberations of the sixty-second and sixty-third congresses, and his efforts were of a nature which gave him at once a name and a standing as a public servant who desired, above all, to aid in the making of legislation which would benefit his constituents, his state and his country. In 1912 he was a delegate to the democratic national convention in Baltimore and in 1916 to the convention held at St. Louis. When his party began considering its candidate for mayor of Cleveland in the fall of 1917, Mr. Bulkley's name was the first mentioned and it was freely assumed that he would easily win the election. Placing the need of his country before all personal considerations, he immediately withdrew from the mayoralty race when commissioned to organize the law department for the general munitions board and bent every energy to the accomplishment of that task. His acceptance of these duties was a voluntary one and the work which he faced was a man's sized job. He was appointed chairman of the legal committee of the general munitions board of the Council of National Defense in April, 1917, and later, of the war industries board. He reorganized the legal department of the United States Shipping Board Emergency Fleet Corporation and served temporarily as general counsel. When a young man of twenty-five years he had joined the Ohio National Guard, becoming a member of Troop A, with which he served from 1905 to 1908. Recently elected to the United States senate, Mr. Bulkley brought to the office a statesman's grasp of affairs and the high ideals of service which have actuated him throughout life. His many civic duties include a trusteeship of the THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 503 University School of Cleveland. His outstanding civic service has been rendered as chairman of the committee responsible for the production of grand opera by members of the Metropolitan Opera Company each season in Cleveland's fine municipal auditorium for one week at extremely moderate prices. On the 17th of February, 1909, Senator Bulkley was married in Helena, Montana, to Miss Katharine Pope and three children were born to them : Robert Johns, Jr. ; William Pope, now deceased ; and Katharine. The residence of the family is on Corning drive, Bratenahl, Ohio, and the Senator's office is in the Bulkley building in Cleveland. In club circles he is well known as a member of the Union, Hermit, University, Cleveland Athletic, City, Cleveland Advertising, Tavern, Rowf ant, Kirtland and Country Clubs of Cleveland ; the Harvard Club of New York and the Harvard Club of Boston. JAMES W. WARWICK Concentrating his attention upon the mastery of one line of business, James W. Warwick has been a coal dealer in Cleveland for a period of forty-five years and is classed with the oldest operators in this field. He was born in Sugar Creek township, Stark county, Ohio, June 28, 1864, a son of Robert S. Warwick, who emigrated to this country from Ireland with his brother, John G. Warwick, when eighteen years of age. After a short stay in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, they proceeded westward to Ohio, locating in Massillon, where they opened a dry goods store. They continued as partners in that enterprise until Robert S. Warwick retired from business because of failing health, then took up the occupation of farming, which he followed until his death in March, 1895. His wife was Delilah Watson and they had three sons : John G., who was named for his uncle and who passed away in 1916 at the age of fifty-four years; James W. ; and Samuel R., now deceased, who was a locomotive engineer and made his home in Coshocton, Ohio. James W. Warwick was a lad of twelve years when his mother died. His elementary education, obtained in a district school, was supplemented by attendance at Mount Union College, Alliance, Ohio, for one term, study at the Ohio Northern University in Ada, and a commercial course in Duff's College, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. With this thorough preparation for life's responsibilities and duties he began his business career as an employee of the Beaver Run Coal Company of Navarre, Ohio, in 1882 and opened their Cleveland office in 1887. In 1889 he joined Captain J. M. Drake in - 505 - 506 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS forming the Drake Coal Company, miners of domestic coal, becoming vice president and treasurer of the new concern, and at the death of Captain Drake in May, 1919, succeeded him as president, which office he still occupies. In 1893 he was one of the organizers and still is a member of the firm of Warwick & Spellman, retail ice and coal dealers at Canton, Ohio. In 1894 he was a moving spirit in the organization of the Zettelmeyer Coal Company, of which he was afterward vice president, later becoming its president, and so continued until the business was sold to the City Ice & Fuel Company. He organized the Warwick Coal Company of Cleveland in 1908 and has served as its treasurer ever since. Upon the death of his cousin he was called to the presidency of the Warwick Company, a flour milling corporation organized by his uncle, John G. Warwick, and operating a plant at Massillon, Ohio. He became a director of the City Ice Delivery Company, the largest organization of the kind in Cleveland, which later became the City Ice & Fuel Company and is still serving on the board of that corporation, and is also a member of the directorate of the Guardian Trust Company. Mr. Warwick was married in Cleveland on October 18, 1898, to Miss Mary Ellison, a native of Canton, Ohio, but who was reared in Cleveland. She is a daughter of Henry C. Ellison, a Cleveland financier, who was vice president and cashier of the State National Bank at the time it was absorbed by the First National Bank. The mother, Isidore (Leek) Ellison, died in 1901. Mrs. Warwick completed her education in Dana Hall at Wellesley, Massachusetts. Their son, Henry Ellison Warwick, was born in Cleveland, September 7, 1904, and attended the University School, and later the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania. He married Miss Maude Ellinger and is now engaged in farming in the state of New York. The family home is at No. 2917 North Park boulevard, Cleveland. At the time of the World war Mrs. James W. Warwick was one of the women in charge THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 507 of the assembling room of the Cleveland Red Cross and gave much of her time to work of a patriotic nature. She has been prominent in the social and cultural life of Cleveland for years. Mr. Warwick belongs to the Cleveland Automobile, Country, Union and Mayfield Clubs. While never an office seeker, he has cooperated in well defined movements for the betterment of his city and is a member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce. Progress has ever been his watchword, and what he has accomplished represents the fit utilization of his innate capacities and powers. JOHN FISH John Fish, who entered the field of banking by way of the legal profession, has been an influential factor in the affairs of the Guardian Trust Company for twenty-three years and since 1921 has been one of its vice presidents. He was born in Auburn, Geauga county, Ohio, November 5, 1877, a son of John and Mary Spencer (Peabody) Fish, who were members of old families of that county, and both parents are now deceased. His father was born in northern New York in a small town on the Welland canal and was a lad of about eight years when the family removed to Ohio, locating in Auburn. The mother was a native of Newport, Rhode Island, and was also about eight years of age when her parents came to Ohio, both families arriving about 1843. Dr. John Fish was a surgeon in the Union Army, serving with the rank of major. He became the father of four children : Mrs. A. P. Ruggles, of Cleveland; Mrs. W. S. Wing, of Auburn; Mrs. S. L. Hill, of Berlin Heights, Erie county, Ohio; and John, Jr. The son was graduated from the Central high school of Cleveland in 1898 and next attended Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, from which institution he received the Bachelor of Philosophy degree in 1902 and that of Master of Arts in 1903. His law studies were pursued at Baldwin-Wallace University in Berea, Ohio, where he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws in June, 1908. Admitted to the bar in the month of his graduation, Mr. Fish then formed a connection with the legal department of what is now the Guardian Trust Company, becoming assistant counsel, and acted in that capacity until July, 1917. The - 509 - 510 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS legal department was discontinued at that time and he was then made assistant treasurer, in charge of the mortgage and loan department. This office he filled for about four years and on February 25, 1921, was elected a vice president of this great financial institution. Thoroughly experienced in matters of finance, he makes his efforts count for the utmost and the work of his department is maintained at a high standard of efficiency. Mr. Fish was married September 30, 1911, in Cleveland to Miss Eva M. Hauxhurst, a daughter of George I. and Emma A. (Motter) Hauxhurst, the former now deceased. Mrs. Fish was born in Lakeside, Ohio, but was reared and educated in Cleveland, graduating from the Central high school in 1898 in the same class with her husband. In 1902 she won the Bachelor of Arts degree from the College for Women of Western Reserve University and afterward engaged in educational work until her marriage. She taught for two years in the schools of Huntsburg, Ohio, and was an instructor in the Lincoln high school of Cleveland for five years. Mr. and Mrs. Fish have three children : John Spencer, a student in Dartmouth College at Hanover, New Hampshire; and Betty Wolcott and Janet Lounsbury, who are attending the Laurel school. Mr. Fish has membership in the Methodist Episcopal Church of the Saviour and shapes his conduct by its teachings. Formerly he was identified with Forest City Lodge, No. 388, F. & A. M., but in 1916 took a demit, becoming a charter member of Heights Lodge, F. & A. M., and also belongs to Cleveland Chapter, No. 148, R. A. M. He is likewise a member of the City and University Clubs and his college fraternities are Alpha Tau Omega and Phi Delta Theta. HON. JOHN J. SULLIVAN The late Hon. John J. Sullivan, veteran member of the court of appeals of the eighth Ohio district and distinguished representative of the state's judiciary, was characterized by an associate as "one of the finest men in the world." He was born in New York city, October 25, 1860, son of Daniel J. and Mary (Sheehan) Sullivan, natives of Kanturk County Cork, Ireland. While still very young, he lost his parents, and became a member of the household of Lewis Pelton, of Gus-tavus, Trumbull county, Ohio, where he was educated in the district, schools and at the local academy. He began his active career as a school teacher ; later was a reporter and then city editor of the Warren (Ohio) Daily Chronicle," and finally read law in the office of John M. Stull, of Warren. Following his admission to practice in 1885, his progress was rapid. He was elected prosecuting attorney of Trumbull county in 1890, being reelected in 1893, and two years later was elected to the Ohio state senate, in which he served two terms. While a member of the senate he delivered speeches nominating Joseph B. Foraker in 1896, and Marcus A. Hanna in 1898, to the United States senate, on both occasions winning recognition as a brilliant orator. In 1900 he was appointed United States attorney for the northern district of Ohio by President McKinley, and in 1904 was reappointed by President Roosevelt, serving for four more years. He then removed to Cleveland, Ohio, and was here engaged in general practice until 1921, when Governor Davis appointed him judge of the court of appeals for the eighth district. To this office he was unanimously elected in - 513 - 514 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS 1922 and 1928, for terms of six years. During 1928, also, he served as chief justice of the Ohio appellate courts. As United States district attorney he prosecuted and convicted Mrs. Cassie Chadwick, who, posing as the daughter of Andrew Carnegie, had defrauded bankers and business men of northern Ohio of sums of money running into the millions. At the direction of the department of justice he was the first federal official to institute a grand jury investigation of the Standard Oil Company on the question of rebates. Also, under appointment as special counsel for the United States government, he assisted in obtaining indictments against, and in prosecution of the Standard Oil Company, for violation of the anti-trust laws. These actions resulted in the famous $29,000,000 fine imposed on that corporation by Judge Landis of Chicago. Judge Sullivan was firmly opposed to capital punishment, and during his thirty-five years of practice as a criminal lawyer, representing both prosecution and defense, he was not connected with a single case resulting in the execution of the accused. While serving in the state senate he introduced and secured the passage of a bill fixing the various degrees of homicide and obligating the judge, upon receiving a verdict of first degree murder, with a recommendation for mercy by the jury, to impose a sentence of life imprisonment instead of execution. Judge Sullivan played an influential and conspicuous part in political, professional and public life in Ohio. He was a delegate to the republican national conventions in 1912 and 1916, and delegate at large to the progressive national convention in 1912. During the World war, he devoted much time to the delivery of patriotic speeches, particularly in support of Liberty Loan and other drives. He was president of the Ohio Republican League in 1897 and 1898; president of the Cleveland Bar Association from 1920 until 1925 ; president of the Cleveland Law Library Association from 1922 until 1930; and president of the Tippecanoe Club from 1919 until 1930. He was an honorary member of the law fra- THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 515 ternity Delta Theta Phi, also belonged to the Union and Manakiki Country Clubs and in Masonry attained the thirty-second degree of the Scottish Rite. The Early Settlers' Association chose him for the presidency. He was a member of the Methodist Church. Judge Sullivan died suddenly of a paralytic stroke while on a trip on Lake Superior, August 30, 1930. At the funeral services, held September 2d, Paul Howland said in part : "It may be proper at this time in an informal way to give expression to the esteem and respect in which Judge Sullivan was universally held by his brethren of the legal profession. My acquaintance with him goes back to the early '90s when in the adjoining counties of Ashtabula and Trumbull we were each struggling to overcome the obstacles that confront the young lawyer. It was the great good fortune of Judge Sullivan as he grew to manhood to be surrounded by the influences of a Christian home and these influences to a very large degree were dominant and controlling throughout his life. With this background he brought to the bar a good moral character, something that cannot be obtained in school or bought in the open market. . . . Those of us, however, who are able to look back to the '80s and '90s know that the Trumbull county bar was made up of some of the ablest lawyers of that day. They were in truth and in fact giants in the legal profession and it is pleasant to know that Judge Sullivan as a young lawyer soon won the confidence and respect of these strong men. He was soon recognized as a dangerous opponent in a jury trial by reason of his pursuasive eloquence and his keen understanding of the motives which control and dominate human action. "His judgments on the bench may have been all that was just and equitable. His arguments in the forum may have been most persuasive and eloquent, appealing to the better elements of our nature, yet at this time I feel that I must ascribe to the Judge an attribute of character, which, as it seems to me, was the source of his popularity and accounts 516 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS in a very large degree for the successes that came to him in his career. He was human; he loved people and he wanted to help them when in trouble. He sympathized with them in their affliction and it is said of him in his law business that his hardest work was done for clients without hope of fees or reward of any kind and that this kind of work absorbed practically one-half of his professional activities. By reason of this attribute he was imposed upon by his friends, not intentionally of course, who constantly begged him to deliver after-dinner speeches at banquets and addresses at luncheons. He loved to do this; he wanted to please, and no one could do it better. I can see the audience now when Judge Sullivan is introduced. The look of expectation; the generous applause; the smiles of welcome; the apt and humorous story that never failed to hit; his drive on a friend to get the laugh on him, but no sting; giving pleasure to all and injuring no one. Scattering words of kindness; driving away the clouds; speaking words of encouragement and hope to some brother discouraged and sad—the doing of these things gave him his greatest pleasure. Those of us who remain to carry on with the permission of Father Time; we, your brethren of the bar, bring our offerings of respect and love and with grateful hearts, thank you, Judge Sullivan, for your life, which was so largely spent in lightening the burdens of thousands,—driving dark clouds out of our lives and ushering in the sunshine of loving kindness. My thought is that the crowning and noblest attribute of our departed friend was his love of his fellowman." At the passing of Judge Sullivan, resolutions of respect were adopted by the court of appeals of Ohio, signed by Judge Willis Vickery, of the eighth district, Judge Silas S. Richards of the sixth district and Judge James W. Roberts of the seventh district. The court of common pleas of Cuyahoga county also passed resolutions, as did the Cleveland Bar Association, the Cuyahoga County Bar Association, the board of trustees of the Cleveland Law Library and the board of THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 517 county commissioners. The leading newspapers of Cleveland and the state paid him tribute in their editorial columns. He was extolled as a civic leader, distinguished lawyer, scholarly jurist and beloved character. He was characterized as an able, industrious, conscientious and fearless jurist, of well poised judgment and unimpeachable integrity. His distinguished bearing and personal magnetism, together with an almost inexhaustible supply of anecdotes and information on a wide range of subjects, won him renown as a toastmaster and orator. Love of literature and a keen appreciation of the beauties of nature were among his outstanding traits. It is an important public duty to honor and perpetuate as far as possible the memory of an eminent citizen—one who by his blameless and honorable life and distinguished career reflected credit not only upon his city and state, but also upon the whole country. Through such memorials as this at hand the individual and the character of his services are kept in remembrance and the importance of those services acknowledged. On the 28th of December, 1886, Mr. Sullivan married Olive Smith Tayler, daughter of Matthew Bannon and Adaline Adams (Hapgood) Tayler, the former a well known banker of Warren, Ohio. Mrs. Adaline Tayler was a direct descendant of John Adams, of Plymouth, Massachusetts, the first Adams in New England history, who landed at Boston, Massachusetts, from the ship "Fortune" on November 11, 1621, and who died October 24, 1633. He married Ella Newton, who came to the new world in the "Ann" in 1623. Their son James Adams, married Frances Varsall, of Scituate, Massachusetts, and died at sea. Richard Adams, son of James and Frances Adams, was born April 19, 1651, and moved from Scituate to Sudbury, Massachusetts, whence he later removed to Norwich, Connecticut, where he divided a large tract of land among his children. His death occurred August 24, 1728. William Adams, son of Richard and Rebecca Adams, married Susan Woodward and resided in Norwich, 518 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS Connecticut. Phineas Adams, son of William and Susan (Woodward) Adams, was born in 1726. He fought in the Revolutionary war and died in the year 1779. His wife, who bore the maiden name of Lydia Fitch, was a daughter of Colonel Jabez Fitch and a descendant of Governor Bradford. Asael (Asbahel) Adams, son of Phineas and Lydia (Fitch) Adams, was born in Canterbury, Connecticut, in 1755 and in 1777 enlisted for three years as a private in Captain Watson's company of the Seventh Connecticut Regiment. He was transferred to the Guards in 1778 and received his honorable discharge in 1780. He was among the soldiers who marched to the relief of Boston at the Lexington alarm and he spent the memorable winter at Valley Forge with General Washington. In the year 1801 he removed from Connecticut to Trumbull county, Ohio, where he purchased eight hundred acres of land for a homestead farm and where he passed away in 1821. His was an original grant in the Western Reserve from the Connecticut Land Company. Adaline Adams, daughter of Asael Adams, was born in 1799 and became the wife of George Hapgood, a native of Petersham, Worcester county, Massachusetts, born in 1795. In December, 1817, Mr. Hapgood removed to Warren, Ohio, where he was one of the editors and publishers of the Western Reserve Chronicle from May, 1818, until June, 1841. He served as postmaster of Warren during the administration of President Harrison and was chosen county auditor in 1842. He passed away in 1861, being survived for a decade by his wife, who died in 1871. Adaline Adams Hapgood, daughter of George and Adaline (Adams) Hapgood, was born in Warren, Ohio, January 18, 1821, and there passed away May 22, 1885. She was the wife of Matthew B. Tayler, cashier of the First National Bank of Warren, and the mother of Olive Smith Tayler, who became the wife of Judge Sullivan. Betsy Adams, great-aunt of Mrs. Olive Smith (Tayler) Sullivan, married Camden Cleaveland, brother of Moses Cleaveland, for whom the city of Cleveland was named. The late Judge THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 519 Robert W. Tayler, of Cleveland, was a first cousin of Mrs. Sullivan. On the 17th of December, 1931, Mrs. Sullivan was called to her final rest, passing away in the faith of the Methodist Church. Among the many tributes paid to her was the following: "Her unassuming, quiet dignity, her intelligent interest in church, civic and philanthropic affairs made Mrs. Sullivan a fitting companion and helpmate for her eminent husband." She is survived by two daughters : Ada-line Tayler Sullivan, who resides at the family home at 2835 Drummond road, Shaker Heights ; and Mary Tayler, who is the wife of John White McCaslin and the mother of two children, Joan and Nancy Adaline McCaslin. HENRY S. PICKANDS Few names are more deservedly prominent in the history of Cleveland's industrial and commercial life than that of Pickands. An honored representative of the family of that name was the late Henry S. Pickands, who for more than three decades prior to his death was a member of the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, a Cleveland business of national if not international prominence in the iron and transportation industry. He was born at Marquette, Michigan, October 4, 1875, a son of Colonel James and Caroline (Outhwaite) Pick-ands, who took up their permanent abode in Cleveland, Ohio, in 1881. Colonel James Pickands was born at Akron, Ohio, in 1839, and came from there to Cleveland before attaining manhood. At Cleveland he went to work as clerk in a mercantile house and had already made a commendable showing in the development of his business capabilities when the war broke out. During the early months of that struggle he was active in organizing regiments of volunteers, and in 1862 he was prevailed upon to accept a commission in the One Hundred Twenty-fourth Regiment, organized at Cleveland. Subsequent promotions led him to the rank of colonel. When the war was over Colonel Pickands became a pioneer in the newly opened mining regions of Lake Superior. At Marquette, Michigan, he established a hardware, coal, and general merchandise business under the name James Pickands & Company. This was developed into a very profitable enterprise. He also was an active factor in developing the iron ore resources of that region, and much of the prominence of Marquette as a center - 521 - 522 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS of the iron producing region has been credited to the activities and influence of Colonel Pickands. After about fifteen years at Marquette, Colonel Pickands returned to Cleveland, where in 1881 he organized Pickands, Mather & Company, with Samuel Mather and J. C. Morse as partners. Colonel Pickands remained one of the active and responsible executives of this business to the close of his life and was in his office in the Western Reserve building only the day before his death. His prominence in business affairs had an interesting testimony in the fact that after his death nearly every vessel on the Great Lakes carried colors at half-mast in respect for him. From every point of view he was a strong man, and an interesting testimony to his character is found in what was said of him years ago, that he never sought by precept to make the world better, though his life was a living example of the power of honorable and forceful manhood. He had many varied and extensive business connections. He was the head of the firm of Pickands, Mather & Company, president of the Western Reserve National Bank, member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, was on the Soldiers and Sailors Monument Commission of Cleveland, belonged to the Army and Navy Post of the Grand Army of the Republic, and the Loyal Legion, and was a member of the Union Club of Cleveland. His career as a business man and citizen, was well summed up in a brief paragraph by the Cleveland Leader at the time of his death on July 14, 1896. Editorially the Leader said : "It is hard for Cleveland to fill such gaps in the ranks of her public-spirited citizens as that caused by the death of Colonel James Pickands. Though not a native of the Forest City, Colonel Pickands had proved during his residence in Cleveland his deep devotion to the best interests of the thriving metropolis of Ohio. He was always foremost in movements designed to increase the power and influence of his city, and in every way he was a citizen of whom all might feel proud. Although few had heard it from his own lips, Colonel THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 523 Pickands had won distinction in the Civil war as commander of the One Hundred Twenty-fourth Regiment of Ohio Volunteer Infantry, the title he wore having been conferred upon him for his bravery and zeal in defense of the Union. Hundreds of Cleveland people who had the pleasure of the acquaintance of that genial and public-spirited man, must have learned with pain and surprise of his sudden taking off in the prime of life and without any warning in the form of serious or apparently dangerous illness." Colonel Pickands married for his first wife Miss Caroline Outhwaite, whose father, John Outhwaite, was one of the pioneer iron-masters of Cleveland. Mrs. Caroline Pickands died in 1882, leaving three sons : Joseph O. ; Henry S., who is the immediate subject of this review ; and Jay M. For his second wife Colonel Pickands married Seville Hanna, a sister of the late Senator Marcus A. Hanna. Jay M. Pickands, son of Colonel James and Caroline (Outhwaite) Pickands and brother of Henry S. Pickands, was born at Marquette, Michigan, February 21, 1880. He died November 18, 1913, when thirty-three years of age, but in his comparatively short life achieved well deserved success and social prominence. He graduated in 1898 from the University School of Cleveland, and entered Yale College, taking the academic course and graduating in 1902. He returned to Cleveland and was salesman for the pig iron department of Pickands, Mather & Company until 1911, when he was made a partner in the firm. His death a little more than two years later deprived that organization of one of its most valuable and efficient executives. Mr. Pickands was a member of the Union, Country, Athletic, Mayfield and Tavern Clubs. At Yale he was affiliated with the Alpha Delta Phi and the Scroll and Key fraternities. He was prominently connected with charitable organizations and for several years was secretary of the Cleveland branch of the Red Cross. Politically he was a stanch republican. On the 7th of January, 1903, at Marquette, Michigan, Mr. Pickands married Miss Alice M. Rey- 524 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS nolds of that city. They became the parents of two children. The Pickands home is at Bratenahl. Henry S. Pickands, whose name introduces this article, was six years of age when his parents moved to Cleveland. In this city he attended the public schools, also the University School, from which he graduated in 1894, and in 1897 completed his course in the Sheffield Scientific School of Yale University. With both a technical and liberal education he returned to Cleveland to make himself useful in his father's firm, Pickands, Mather & Company. He learned the business in the same way that any other employe would have learned it, and his place in that firm was due to his value and wide experience as a business man. He became a partner in the company in 1898 and, placed in charge of operation and the purchasing department, continued a factor in the control of its vast interests throughout the remainder of his life. He gained wide recognition as one of the outstanding leaders of the ore industry in Cleveland and was for many years a director of the Union Trust Company, the American Shipbuilding Company, the Great Lakes Towing Company, the Empire Steel Corporation and the Zenith Furnace Company. Moreover, he occupied the presidency of the Toledo Furnace Company from 1916 until his death, was vice president of the Interlake Steamship Company and for eight years was a member of the executive committee of the Perry Iron Company, of which he was elected vice president in 1925. Despite the weight of these tremendous business responsibilities he found time to take an active and influential part in the civic and political life of Cleveland as well as the town of Euclid. In the rehabilitation of this town, which at the time of his arrival bore a reputation for lawlessness and civic disorder, he played a brilliant part. He served as mayor of the village of Euclid for a period of four and one-half years between 1903 and 1908. At the time of his death he was president of the board of trustees of the University School of Cleveland and second vice president of the Yale Engineering Associa- THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 525 tion. His name was also on the membership rolls of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, the University Club, the Union Club, the Mid-Day Club, the City Club, the Country Club, the Willowick Country Club, the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club, the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Kirtland Country Club, all of Cleveland; the Yale Club of New York; and the Kitchi Gammi Club of Duluth. On the 27th of December, 1899, Mr. Pickands married Miss Jeanne K. Call, her parents being C. H. and Charlotte Elizabeth (Kennedy) Call, the latter born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 30, 1846. C. H. Call, who was born at Green Bay, Wisconsin, April 5, 1847, traced his ancestry in the paternal line back to a tile-maker and baker who was born in Kent county, England, in 1597 and arrived in Charlestown, Massachusetts, in 1636. Members of the family moved to Wisconsin during the decade between 1830 and 1840. In early manhood C. H. Call left the Badger state for Marquette, Michigan, in the development of which city he assumed an active part, establishing a progressive banking system. He was made president of the First National Bank in 1879 and also became president of the Marquette County Savings Bank. He was identified with business and industrial interests as a stockholder of the Marquette Gas Light Company and the Marquette Powder Company. For a quarter of a century he was a vestryman of St. Paul's Church. In 1905 he came to Cleveland, Ohio, where he lived retired until 1924, when he removed to Tennessee, in which state his death occurred in January, 1925. His daughter, Jeanne K., who was one of a family of three children, attended the schools of Marquette, Michigan, and continued her studies in Mrs. Cabell's School at Washington, D. C. By her marriage to Henry S. Pickands she became the mother of five children, the eldest of whom, Elizabeth Call Pickands, pursued her education in the Hathaway Brown School for Girls at Cleveland and in Miss Porter's School for Girls at Farmington, Connecticut. She is the wife of Robert Tearle Comey and the mother of three chil- 526 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS dren : Jeanne Pickands, Nancy Gill and Robert Tearle Comey, Jr. Caroline Outhwaite Pickands attended the same schools as her sister Elizabeth and also studied art in Boston and Cleveland. She is the wife of Robert Cass and the mother of a son, Edward Henry Cass. James Pickands (II), who was educated in the University School of Cleveland and also in Yale University, married Miss Cornelia Martin, of Water-bury, Connecticut, and has a son, James Pickands, Jr. Henry S. Pickands, Jr., married Miss Yetive Sheets, of Crosby, Min-nesota. Seville J. Pickands attended the Laurel School of Cleveland and is now a student in the Greenwood School of Maryland. Henry S. Pickands departed this life August 10, 1929, when in his fifty-fourth year. The following memorial tribute was adopted by the board of directors of the American Shipbuilding Company : "The directors of the American Shipbuilding Company here record their deep sorrow and deep sense of Personal loss in the death of Henry S. Pickands. Mr. Pickands became a director of this company in 1919 and from the date of his election he was one of the most interested and one of the most helpful members of the board. His high ideals, his keen business judgment, his optimistic outlook, his fairness, his rare knowledge of men, and his enthusiastic support of all measures which he thought to be just and proper were all large factors in the growth and progress of the company and were of immeasurable support to the management and to the board in their conduct of its affairs. We of the board will miss his unusual ability and judgment, his happy presence, his sympathetic consideration of matters submitted to him, his humor, and his devotion to what he thought was right. But mingled with and assuaging' our personal grief is the cher-ished knowledge of all of us that he was Our Friend." The following resolution was unanimously adopted by the trustees of the University School : "It is with profound sorrow that we are called upon to THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 527 record the death of our president, Henry S. Pickands, and the trustees of the University School desire to also here record their lasting sense of the great loss his death has brought to the board and to the school. Even before the time he became a member of the board of trustees, his interest in the University School was keen, and during the many years he has occupied the position of president, we of the board feel that it was largely because of his intelligent support and directing that the school has attained the position in the educational world which it now occupies. His cheerful optimism during the years of his leadership has smoothed the path of those charged with the administration of the school's affairs, and his generosity and enthusiasm made possible the institution's present physical plant. His advice was always sound, his ideas and his high ideals were inspiring, his energy was untiring, and his loyalty to the school was unshakeable. However, much as the board and the school will miss his rare ability in solving the many problems which constantly arise, we of the board of trustees of the University School who have known Henry S. Pickands so intimately for so many years will miss still more his constant friendliness, his sympathetic consideration for others, his simple modesty, his kindly humor and his conscientious devotion to those persons and things which he thought were right." The tribute adopted by the board of directors of the Union Trust Company is as follows : "Whereas, death has unexpectedly claimed our associate, Henry S. Pickands, who served for fourteen years as an honored member of the board of directors of the Union Trust Company and its predecessor, the First National Bank; and whereas, we desire to express our appreciation of the sterling qualities which were the foundation for his successful career and of his usefulness as a citizen, to pay our tribute of respect to his business ability, his rugged integrity of character, his fair-mindedness, his unfailing courtesy to his associates, his 528 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS simplicity of manner and his high civic ideals, and to record here the high regard in which he was held ; "Now, therefore, be it resolved that the board of directors of the Union Trust Company expresses its deep regret at the untimely death of Henry S. Pickands, its appreciation of his services to this board and its recognition of his worth as a citizen and of the important part he took in business in the development of industry and of commerce on the Great Lakes." THOMAS HOWARD WHITE A successful manufacturer the late Thomas H. White left the deep impress of his individuality upon his work and was nationally known as the founder and head of the extensive business conducted under the name of the White Sewing Machine Company. Born in Phillipston, Massachusetts, April 26, 1836, he was a son of Windsor and Elizabeth (Pierce) White and a descendant of Thomas White, the date of whose settlement in the colonies is unknown. From Thomas and his wife, Margaret, the line is through John and Elizabeth (Goble) White; Daniel and Mary White; Joseph and Mary Whitmore (Weber) White ; Thomas and Prudence (Hayward) White; and Simeon Howard and Electa (Warner) White, the parents of Windsor White. Thomas H. White learned the chairmaker's trade in his father's chair factory at Phillipston, and later, when he went to work for a manufacturer at Templeton, Massachusetts, at a salary of twenty dollars per month and board, he saved four hundred dollars, out of which he paid his father for his time, in accordance with the custom of that day. The remaining two hundred dollars was the capital with which he began business. Being naturally ambitious and also it being the age of inventions, one of the most fascinating devices that had been brought out was a machine for sewing. William L. Grout, a friend of Thomas H. White, experimented patiently with this promising device and in 1857 invented a small hand-power sewing machine on which patents were obtained in 1859. They began to manufacture machines in 1858 in a factory at Templeton, with a capital of three hundred and - 529 - 530 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS fifty dollars, and William L. Grout, acted as salesman as well as a partner. "The New England" was the name of this machine, the retail price of which was ten dollars, and although the partnership with Mr. Grout lasted only a year, the business prospered. By 1863 the demand for this machine had grown to such an extent that Mr. White moved to a larger factory at Orange, Massachusetts, where he conducted business for three years. Seeking larger fields and greater manufacturing facilities, Mr. White came to Cleveland in 1866, taking with him a few of his best mechanics, and here founded the White Manufacturing Company. For ten years the new factory built sewing machine heads for W. G. Wilson, at the end of which time the company purchased the existing patterns, templets and special machinery, and established an independent plant in Chicago. A new model had been perfected in the meantime by George Wells Baker and D'Arcy Porter of the White organization and its manufacture was commenced at once, the company having been reorganized under the name of the White Sewing Machine Company. The business grew from an original production of twenty-five machines a month to no fewer than two thousand a week in 1882. An extensive organization of branch dealers was established in the United States, and following the opening of an office in London, England, in 1880, the company's foreign trade grew rapidly. At the time of the death of its founder, who passed away in Cleveland, June 22, 1914, the company's capitalization had grown to one million, two hundred and fifty thousand dollars, its main plant here occupied more than two hundred and seventy-five thousand feet of floor space, and it employed close to one thousand persons. Production had grown enormously and the White sewing machine was sold in every civilized country. From the first Mr. White had devoted most of his time to problems of finance and production, engaging others of greater inventive genius and mechanical skill to improve the THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 531 machine itself. In order to reduce production costs he engaged the best mechanical enginering talent to devise manufacturing economies, and in his factory the full automatic lathe, the multiple spindle drill and the screw machine were brought to a high degree of perfection. The efficacy of his methods is indicated by the fact that under his leadership the White Sewing Machine Company (now a subsidiary of the White Sewing Machine Corporation) developed into the second largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. From time to time he enlarged the range of the business by adding new products, such as roller skates, bicycles, phonographs and automobiles. From 1894 to 1898 the company produced White bicycles at the rate of ten thousand a year, and in the same period it produced four hundred and fifty thousand bicycle pedals for other bicycle manufacturers. In 1900 the company entered the automobile manufacturing field and this department of the business, which was developed largely by the sons of the founder under the stimulus of his encouragement and guidance, grew so rapidly that it was established in a separate organization, the White Company, in 1906. Thomas H. White was also the organizer and president of the Cleveland Machine Screw Company (later the Cleveland Automatic Machine Company), which manufactured screw-making machinery. He continued as president of the White Sewing Machine Company until his death. At Orange, Massachusetts, on the 2d of November, 1858, Mr. White was married to Almira L. Greenleaf, a daughter of Charles W. Greenleaf. of Boston. They had a family of eight children: Alice Elizabeth, who died in infancy;; Mabel Alice, who was the wife of James A. Harris and passed away in 1888; Alice Maud, who married William J. Hammer and died in 1906; Windsor Thomas, whose sketch follows this; Clarence Greenleaf; Rollin Henry; Walter Charles; and Ella Almira, the wife of Horatio Ford. Mr. White was actively interested in civic, educational and religious affairs. In 1875-76 he was a member of the   532 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS common council of Cleveland, exerting his efforts to further the best interests of the municipality. He belonged to the Masonic fraternity and worshiped in the Unitarian Church. Of him it was said : "Mr. White was endowed with extraordinary business sagacity, as well as great stability of character, a quality which he succeeded to a marked degree in building into the products of the house which he founded and whose destiny he guided for more than half a century. He observed the highest standards of business conduct and required all others connected with his organization to do likewise. He was a man of great energy and industry, was modest, conservative and of few words, and was an almost unerring judge of character. He was known and highly esteemed in Cleveland as a generous, patriotic, public-spirited citizen and attained a noteworthy place in its industrial, social and intellectual life. In his will he provided that after a certain period his entire estate should be devoted to the causes of education, science and charity in Cleveland." WINDSOR THOMAS WHITE Endowed with the qualities of the leader, who erects the guide-post of progress and success, Windsor Thomas White has greatly influenced the development of the automobile industry in this country, creating in Cleveland a notable business organization which under his direction attained national supremacy in the manufacture of motor trucks and motor coaches. Of early New England ancestry, he was born in Orange, Massachusetts, August 28, 1866, and is one of a family of eight children whose parents were Thomas Howard and Almira (Greenleaf) White. A sketch of the father precedes this. Windsor T. White obtained his higher education at the Worcester (Mass.) Polytechnic Institute, which numbers him among its alumni of 1890. After winning the Bachelor of Science degree he went to Florida, where he followed the profession of a civil engineer for several months, returning home in 1891 to enter the service of the White Sewing Machine Company, of which his father was president, and for two years worked in the production department. From 1893 to 1895 he was treasurer of the Cleveland Machine Screw Company (later the Cleveland Automatic Machine Company), which his father had founded, gaining experience in financial management and production. In 1895 he returned to the White Sewing Machine Company as vice president, and upon the death of his father in 1914 succeeded him as president of the company. He resigned in 1917, when William Wayne Chase assumed the duties of president, and returned to the office in 1921, but resigned a second time in - 533 - 534 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS 1923. Under his wise guidance the business of the White Sewing Machine Company continued to expand, despite the increasing competition, and it still maintained its position as the second largest manufacturer of sewing machines in the world. The absorption in 1922 of the Theodore Kuntz Company, makers of school furniture, and the introduction of a new plan of merchandising, through the schools, marked an important advance in the development of the business. Meanwhile in 1900 the White Sewing Machine Company began to manufacture automobiles under patents granted in 1898 to Rollin H. White, a brother of Windsor T. White. At first the Whites believed steam to be the most suitable power for self-propelling vehicles, and for several years the White cars were driven by steam engines, with a "flash" boiler, invented by Rollin H. White. Production was begun in the sewing machine factory and in 1901 the company manufactured an average of three passenger automobiles a week. The first White steam cars made their appearance in 1902, winning perfect scores in reliability runs between New York and Boston. As a result of their performances in public competitions as well as in private service, the demand for White "steamers" increased, reaching such proportions that in 1906 the sewing machine and automobile departments were entirely separated, the latter being established in an extensive new plant in Cleveland. At the same time a new organization, The White Company, was formed to conduct the automobile business, under the presidency of Windsor T. White, with Rollin H. White as first vice president and Walter C. White as a vice president and sales manager. After its formation The White Company continued to produce the White steam automobiles in increasing numbers, the annual output being double that of any other manufacturer of large touring cars. In 1907, however, the company's engineers began experimenting with the gasoline engine to determine whether the claims made for it justified the company changing from steam to gasoline as the motive power. For two years, while THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 535 the White steam cars were winning new honors in reliability and endurance contests, these experiments were continued, resulting in the conclusion that the gasoline motor offered the greatest advantages for future development. Accordingly, in 1909, the company produced the first White gasoline-driven passenger car, and gradually the manufacture of steam cars was discontinued. About the same time the company also began to concentrate its engineering talent and experience on the task of producing a gasoline motor ruck of superior construction and in 1910 the first White truck made its appearance. Of clean and simple design, it soon demonstrated its durability, efficiency and economy and attained instant popularity. Some of these trucks, placed in service in 1910, were still in use nineteen years later. The company was also a pioneer in the manufacture of motor coaches, producing vehicles of that kind for service in Osaka, Japan, in 1904, and through the years it has been a leader in the evolution of motor coach design. For several years it manufactured taxicabs. The company discontinued the construction of passenger cars in 1918 and since then has devoted its manufacturing facilities to the production of trucks and coaches. As a result of this concentration the company achieved and has since maintained the leadership in this department of transportation, the White trucks and coaches, adapted to every variety of use, being famed throughout the world. Upon the death of Thomas H. White in 1914, the control of the company became vested in his sons Windsor and Walter, their brother Rollin severing his connection with it. The White Motor Company was formed in December, 1915, as the manufacturing organization, with Windsor T. White as president, and The White Company was continued as a subsidiary and selling organization. Starting with a capital of sixteen million dollars, the White Motor Company increased its capitalization to twenty-five million in 1919 and to forty million in 1926. In 1921 Windsor T. White became chairman of the board of directors of both the White Motor Company and The 536 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS White Company and Walter C. White the president. Windsor T. White has played a conspicuous part in the development of the White industries for more than forty years and the evolution of the White Motor Company into the country's largest manufacturer of motor trucks and motor buses is chiefly due to his organizing and executive ability. He was also elected chairman of the board of directors of the White Motor Securities Corporation, the White Motor Realty Company and the Park Drop Forge Company; and a director of the Union Trust Company and the Union Cleveland Corporation. Mr. White was married September 14, 1892, to Delia Bulkley Holden, a daughter of Liberty E. Holden, publisher of the Cleveland Plain Dealer, and Delia (Bulkley) Holden. To this marriage were born two sons and a daughter : Thomas Holden, president of the Commonwealth Securities, Inc. ; Delia Bulkley, the wife of Hon. Herman L. Vail, a prominent attorney of Cleveland and a member of the state legislature ; and Windsor Holden, whose sketch follows this. In religious belief Mr. White is a Unitarian, and his political support is given to the republican party. He has long been an influential factor in the affairs of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, and is well known socially as a member of the Union, Tavern, Mid-Day, Country, Kirtland Country, and Chagrin Valley Hunt Clubs of Cleveland, the Union League and the Metropolitan Club of Washington, D. C. WINDSOR HOLDEN WHITE Although young in years, Windsor Holden White, familiarly called "Mike" White by his friends, has already established an enviable reputation as a writer and is well known in literary circles as the founder and head of Parade, Inc., which in June, 1932, was incorporated into the newly inaugurated firm of Bishop-White Publications, Inc., with Mr. White as president of the company and chairman of the board of directors. This company issued not only the Parade magazine weekly but also Your Garden and Home, a monthly, until October 5, 1932, when the Midweek Review supplanted Parade. Born in Cleveland on the 18th of July, 1905, Mr. White is a son of Windsor Thomas White, whose sketch appears elsewhere in this work. The mother, Delia (Holden) White, was born in Michigan, a daughter of Liberty E. Holden, who was one of the early instructors at the Michigan State College, and in 1885 became the owner of the Cleveland Plain Dealer. Windsor H. White was a pupil in the Bratenahl school for seven years, afterward attending the University School in Cleveland for a short time, and next enrolled in the Middlesex School for boys at Concord, Massachusetts, where he was graduated in 1924. He continued his studies at Harvard University, which he left in 1928 because of illness, but after a hunting trip in Africa with his father, returned to that institution, which awarded him the Bachelor of Science degree in 1929. Meanwhile he had gained practical experience in business by working from 1921 to 1927 during the summer months for the White Motor Company, founded and directed - 537 - 538 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS by his father, progressing through every department of the plant. Mechanical pursuits, however, did not appeal to him, for his tastes lay along literary lines, and in October, 1929, he joined the reportorial staff of the Cleveland Plain Dealer. His talents in that direction rapidly developed and in June, 1930, he became a free lance writer for the Bystander, the Polo Magazine and the Plain Dealer. In March, 1931, Mr. White organized Parade, Inc., a thirty-six to fifty-six page weekly whose first issue appeared June 4, 1931. Aptly named, the magazine was founded for the purpose of featuring the human beings who make up the life of not only metropolitan Cleveland but of the state of Ohio, and in both words and pictures recording the activities of those things and those personages that have made and are making Cleveland and Ohio a great community and a great commonwealth. The political policy of this publication, now issued under the name of the Midweek Review, is strictly nonpartisan, with the ideals of a clean, fair and unbiased government in view. The magazine is likewise a medium for literary talent. It not only hopes to inform but also hopes to amuse its readers. Operated by young men and women, the publication has a staff of twenty-four people, of whom only one has passed the age of thirty years. Widely read, the magazine is now sold in thirty-nine states of the Union, in European countries and in Africa. In addition to serving as president of the Bishop-White Publications, Inc., Mr. White is vice president and a director of the Polo Magazine, published in New York. When a lad of nine he received his initial instruction in polo and at the age of ten played his first match. He has played ever since, acquiring the skill of an expert at the game. When in college he was a member of the varsity polo team for four years, acting as its captain for two years, and during that time the team won the inter-collegiate championship in 1925. In that year the Cleveland team, for the first time, won the middle west polo championship and contended at Philadelphia. THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 539 Among the star players on the local team were Windsor H. White, his brother, Thomas White, his uncle, Walter C. White, and Fred C. Baldwin. In 1926 the Cleveland team, of which Windsor H. and Thomas White, Ray Firestone and David Ingalls were outstanding members, again won the polo championship for the middle west. The Harvard polo team, of which Windsor H. White was captain, won the Class B championship of the United States in 1927. In 1928 Mr. White played through the national inter-circuit with teams from various parts of the world, the greatest polo event in Cleveland's history. A year later Windsor H. and Thomas White and Raymond and Leonard Firestone went east and entered into competition for the junior polo championship of the United States. At Middlesex, "Mike" White played on the football, baseball and hockey teams and during 1926-27 he was a member of the second varsity football team at Harvard. When very young he became interested in hunting dogs and hunted a pack of beagles. Between the ages of nine and thirteen years he kept these dogs and had sixteen couples of hounds, enjoying the distinction of being the youngest master of beagle hounds in the world. On the 9th of October, 1931, Mr. White was married in South Orange, New Jersey, to Miss Jean Stevenson Graves, a daughter of Mr. and Mrs. Edward H. Graves, who are now deceased. Mrs. White was graduated from Miss Porter's School at Farmington, Connecticut. She possesses literary talent, as well as business ability, and was one of the founders of Parade, Inc., becoming vice president of the corporation and one of the writers for Parade. She belongs to the Junior League and to the In-Town Club. The family reside in a beautiful home in Hunting Valley, near the village of Chagrin Falls, in Cuyahoga county. Mr. White is a member of the Hunting Valley Polo Club, which he aided in organizing in 1930, and the Chagrin Valley Hunt Club. When a student at the Middlesex School he was active in the work of the Dramatic Club, and while pursuing his higher education at 540 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS Cambridge, Massachusetts, joined the Hasty Pudding Club, the Middlesex Club of Harvard and the Pi Eta Club. He has always keenly enjoyed outdoor life and athletic sports. While in Africa he had his first opportunity to hunt big game and took six thousand feet of film. His talks on the "dark continent," which he gives before private gatherings, are most interesting and instructive. It was during his sojourn in Africa that he became interested in literary work, and at the request of a friend, George S. Mandell, owner of the Boston Transcript, wrote an account of his trip to that country, preparing an article of about sixty pages, which was published in that paper and constituted one of its leading features. Purposeful and thorough, Mr. White has the faculty of doing exceptionally well everything that he undertakes and his life, much as it holds of achievement, is still rich in promise. JOHN A. KLING From his office window in the Midland Bank building, John A. Kling, founder and for almost four decades president of The Cleveland Builders Supply Company, looks out upon the backyard of Cleveland commerce with the philosophy of one whose ideals have grown into actualities, but who through the changes has retained the humane perspective and common touch. He has watched his ramshackle warehouse and his three reluctant horses develop into a twelve million dollar corporation and the site of his pioneering days change from a saloon and shack-strewn alleys into a great railroad terminal. Mr. Kling was born in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in 1866, a son of Caspar and Mina (Juck) Kling, who were natives of Heidelberg, Germany. In 1860 the father emigrated to America and joined the Sixth Regiment of United States Cavalry, serving in the army for five years. During the Civil war he was confined in the Libby and Andersonville prisons but was exchanged both times, and later was a veterinary surgeon in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, where his death occurred in 1883. The mother long survived him, passing away at Los Angeles, California, in 1931 at the venerable age of eighty-six years. Reared in his native city, John A. Kling acquired his education in its public schools, and in Pittsburgh gained his initial experience in the builders' supply business, which has constituted his life work. In 1889, when a young man of twenty-three, he came to Cleveland, which then had a population of one hundred and fifty thousand. Here he organized - 541 - 542 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS the East End Supply Company, starting in business at the corner of Superior and Case streets. Later this concern was merged with Wood Brothers, the firm of Clements Brothers and the Wood-Hanna Company, creating The Cleveland Builders Supply Company, of which Mr. Kling was elected president. The following account of its history, written by Frank B. Teloken, appeared in The Official Publication of the Cleveland Hotels' Association under date of May 4, 1931: "The Cleveland Builders Supply Company had its origin in a small warehouse and yard located on Superior avenue, thirty-eight years ago and was founded by John A. Kling, who has been continuously at the helm of the organization since that time. It is interesting to note that the present new location in the Builders Exchange building, is one of the original locations of a company that became a part of the present concern. "Starting with a modest capital, The Cleveland Builders Supply Company has expanded with the growth of the city of Cleveland and its environs, until today it has approximately thirty-five plants, docks and warehouses, distributed at strategic points, so that its territory covers approximately three hundred square miles, or practically all of Cuyahoga county and a part of Lake county. "The company realized that to progress, the city, as well as any industrial institution, must expand and develop. In order to assist in the development of the suburbs around Cleveland, the company instituted a policy which would not levy a burden on owners or builders who built in these outlying sections. "This policy has been an outstanding factor in the development of Cleveland's suburbs; has resulted in the saving of thousands of dollars to builders and owners in outlying districts, and is responsible in large measure for the development of a greater metropolitan Cleveland. "That a policy of fair dealing in the distribution of quality materials, on a proper service basis, has been satisfactory THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 543 to the trade needs no better evidence than the fact that many of the larger contracting firms who placed their business with the company years ago are still availing themselves of the materials and efficient service offered by the organization. "A great part of the success over this long period can be attributed to the fact that Mr. Kling surrounded himself with capable executives and loyal employees. Practically every large building and important public improvement in Cleveland is a monument to the quality of materials and the service which were furnished by The Cleveland Builders Supply Company. As the city expands, so will the company continue to keep abreast of that expansion, and in years to come service will undoubtedly be rendered commensurate with the needs of the day. "The Cleveland Builders Supply Company is the largest producer of common brick and tile in the state. The manufacture of brick and tile entails the use and occupancy of large areas of ground ; * * * Immense storage space being required for the finished product; and adequate facilities for the handling and delivery of these varied products to the trade. "The problem of delivery is one of the most difficult with which the company has had to cope, because of the extreme demands which are sometimes made on these facilities. Years ago it was usually possible for building contractors to anticipate their requirements two or three days in advance, and night delivery of materials was unheard of. Today, however, conditions have so changed that in a large percentage of instances immediate delivery must be made in order to meet the high-pressure, modern methods of business. With these changed conditions a large fleet of trucking equipment must be held in readiness to give service at almost a moment's notice. One can readily realize that these demands entail a great deal of effort and expense in order to maintain the quality of service which is demanded today of the organization. "The company owns five brick plants with a capacity of 544 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS over a half million common brick per day, and four tile plants with a capacity of eight hundred tons per day ; one face brick plant with a daily output of sixty thousand. "A large percentage of the business of the company is transacted over the telephone. In order to facilitate the handling of 'phone orders, a large, ten position order table has been installed where calls are taken care of with the least possible delay to the customer. "The distribution of orders is an important factor in the business. It is the function of this department to place orders with the company's plants, docks and warehouses near-est the point of delivery, so that proper service can be ren-dered to the customer, at the same time keeping hauling costs down to a minimum. "This, briefly, presents a picture of the never-ending, always changing details, demanded by the modern touch in an age-old industry." Possessing a genius for organization and administration, Mr. Kling has created one of the greatest institutions of the kind in America, and in addition to controlling the destiny of The Cleveland Builders Supply Company, he served as president and general manager of the Kelley Island Lime & Transport Company over twenty years, and is still inter-ested in the concern ; president of the Kling Realty Company ; chairman of the board of the American Gypsum Company of Port Clinton, Ohio ; and a director of the Union Trust Company, the Guardian Trust Company, the Ohio Colprovia Company and other large corporations. In September, 1896, Mr. Kling was married to Miss Esther Emma Beck, a daughter of Colonel Conrad Beck of Cleveland, and they reside at 16900 South Park boulevard, Shaker Heights. They are the parents of two sons : John Delmont, who is secretary-treasurer of both the Metropolitan Concrete Company and the Kling Realty Company and who has a wife and three children, Virginia, Katherine Louise and John A. (II) ; and Charles Fergus, a graduate of the THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS - 545 University School of Cleveland, and now attending Yale University. Mr. Kling is a member of the Union, Country and Terminal Clubs of Cleveland. During the World war he served as a dollar-a-year man. In an article written by Regine V. Kublander for the Cleveland Plain Dealer of May 3, 1931, he was described as follows: His hair is white and rather sparse. Humor hides behind a closely clipped mustache. "He is home-loving, likes baseball and goes whenever pos-sible, but counts his interest in people as his chief hobby. Cultivation of beautiful gardens is next in importance. Al-though his hothouses boast many rare plants, Mr. King says he likes the common varieties just as well. "On his wall hang inscribed photographs of Thomas A. Edison and Barney Baruch. * * * * "Of the unemployment situation he says : 'The time has come for big business to create new industries that will demand labor. Each city must invent uses for things locally and then amalgamate into a national protective association.' "Although he rates in the capitalistic class, his observa-tions are born with a shrewd regard for the foibles of human beings in general. Here are some of his homely aphorisms : " 'An executive is a man who advances himself through the brilliance of others.' " 'Mergers put concentrated power into fewer hands, thus reducing executives—fewer to do more.' " 'The man who does not make his children his friends lacks wisdom.' " 'Only once in a thousand men or women do you find the originator who can perform.' " 'Never talk of your failures. If you can forget them, the others will know nothing about them. It's your own mental attitude that penalizes you.' " SAM W. EMERSON Sam W. Emerson is at the head of an extensive and successful general contracting business as president and treasurer of the Sam W. Emerson Company of Cleveland, which he organized in 1911 and which has erected many of the more important factory and commercial buildings of the city. He is a native son of Cleveland, born January 23, 1881, his parents being James and Kate (McKnight) Emerson, natives of Ireland, who are -deceased. James Emerson came to Cleveland in the late '70s. Sam W. Emerson received a high school education and subsequently entered the Case School of Applied Science in Cleveland, from which he was graduated with the degree of Civil Engineer in 1902. Thereafter he engaged in engineering and building construction work until 1911, when he organized the Sam W. Emerson Company for the conduct of a general contracting business. Among the numerous substantial and attractive structures which stand as monuments to his ability are the warehouses of the May Company and the Fisher Brothers Company, the buildings of the General Electric Company and the Cleveland Electric Illuminating Company and the office building of the Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. He was awarded contracts for the erection of the underground Exhibition Hall, the Superior Avenue railroad station, salesrooms for the display of Packard and Buick motor cars, the Oakwood Country Club, the Mechanical building of the Case School of Applied Science and the Richman Brothers factory. He has executed similar work for scores of firms and has long been numbered among the foremost concrete contractors of the city. - 547 - 548 - THIS CLEVELAND OF OURS In 1910 Mr. Emerson was united in marriage to Miss Florence Taylor, daughter of W. D. Taylor, of Cleveland, who was president of the George Worthington Company. Mr. and Mrs. Emerson are the parents of three children : Florence, Janet and Peggy. Mr. Emerson is a past president of the Builders Exchange and a member of the board of directors of the Chamber of Commerce. He has served as president of the Cleveland Athletic Club and the Shaker Heights Country Club, is also a member of the Mid-Day and Union Clubs and enjoys high standing in social as well as business and civic circles of the city in which he has always lived. ARTHUR F. YOUNG In legal circles of Cleveland, as well as in its business and financial life, Arthur F. Young has won a prominent place and is perhaps best known as a vice president of the Guardian Trust Company, which office he has occupied for a decade. He was born in Norwalk, Huron county, Ohio, July 31, 1889, and is a son of Edward L. and Carrie M. (Houfstater) Young, natives of the same county. For generations members of the Young and Houfstater families have lived in Huron county, participating in the work of development and progress, particularly along agricultural lines. Throughout Ohio, Edward L. Young became widely known as grand commander for the state of the Knights of The Maccabees. Norwalk is the state headquarters for that order. Arthur F. Young, an only child, obtained his high school education in his native town and pursued a classical course in Adelbert College of Western Reserve University, which conferred upon him the Bachelor of Arts degree in June, 1911. Continuing his studies at Western Reserve University, he received the degree of Bachelor of Laws from that institution in June, 1913, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in the same year. His initial experience as an attorney was gained in the Cleveland office of Judge F. A. Henry and soon afterward Mr. Young was appointed assistant city solicitor under Mayor Newton D. Baker, thus serving during 1914 and 1915. The prestige which he won in that connection led to his selection for the post of assistant counsel of the Guardian Trust Company, in which capacity he acted from January 1, 1916, until January 1, 1917, when he was promoted to assistant trust - 549 -