(RETURN TO THE TITLE PAGE) 300 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. FIRST NATIONAL BANK. This bank was incorporated during the early part of 1863 under the name of "The First National Bank of Cleveland," succeeding the banking house of S. W. Crittenden & Co. The first meeting of stockholders was held June 23, 1863, at which time the following board of directors was chosen: Philo Scovill, George Worthington, James Pannell, Benj. Harrington, S. W. Crittenden, A. J. Spencer. Geo. Worthington was elected president, William Hewitt, vice president, and S. W. Crittenden, cashier. The capital stock was fixed at $125,000, in shares of $100 each. Operations were commenced in July, 1863, at No. 117 Superior street. After three months of business, the capital stock was increased to $200,000, and in July, 1864, was further increased to $300,000, at which amount it has since remained. Mr. Worthington continued as president until his death in November, 1871. Mr. Hewitt, then vice president, acted as president until January, 1872, when he was regularly chosen to the office, which he held until the time of his death, in August, 1872. Vice president Philo Scovill succeeded to the position and held it until he died, in July, 1875. Gen. James Barnett performed the duties of chief executive until the annual meeting in January, 1876. He was then regularly elected president and has remained so until the present time. The building now occupied, No. 127 Superior street, was leased in September, 1877, and in August, 1878, was purchased by the directors at a cost of $54,000. The present officers are as follows: James Barnett, James Pannell, Edward Bingham, W. W. Gaines, S. C. Smith, H. E. Mussey, B. Butts, C. C. Baldwin, A. J. Spencer, directors; James Barnett, president; James Pannell, vice president; A. K. Spencer,. cashier; P. M. Spencer, assistant cashier. SECOND NATIONAL BANK. "The Second National Bank of Cleveland" was organized May, 1863, being number thirteen of the United States National banks. The original capital stock was $600,000, but on the 10th of November, 1869, it was increased by the action of the board of directors to $1,000,000. Soon after, $400,000 of this was cancelled and the stock reduced to $600,000, as originally provided. In January, 1870, an increase was made to $800,000, and in January, 1872, a further increase to $1,000,000. The first board of directors was composed of the following persons: Amasa Stone, Jr., J. H. Wade, Stillman Witt, Joseph Perkins, George B. Ely and II. B. Hurlbut. Joseph Perkins was elected president; II. B. Hurlbut, cashier; and J. C. Buell, assistant cashier. Mr. Perkins held the position of president until January, 1873, at which time Amasa Stone, Jr., was elected, who served one year. In January, 1874, Hiram Garrettson was chosen president, holding the office until his death, in May, 1876. Joseph Perkins was again elected, and held the position until May 24, 1877, when he resigned. S. T. Everett became president on the resignation of Mr. Perkins, and still occupies that position. The association occupies a portion of the building situated on the northeast corner of Superior and Water streets, erected in common by the directors of the Commercial and Second National banks. The present officials are Henry Chisholm, S. T. Everett, H. B. Payne, Joseph Perkins, J. P. Robison and J. H. Wade, directors; S. T. Everett, president; Joseph Perkins, vice president; H. C. Deming, cashier. OHIO NATIONAL BANK. The Ohio National Bank was incorporated on the 1st day of January, 1876, with a capital stock of $600,000, divided into six thousand shares of $100 each. Robert Hanna, John McClymonds, Leverett Olcott, 0. A. Brooks, Ahira Cobb, James Farmer, John D. Rockefeller, E. P. Morgan and D. A. Shepherd comprised the board of directors. Robert Hanna was elected president. The association commenced business in the old Atwater building on Superior street, and remained there until July 1, 1877, when a lease was effected of its present building, No. 119 Superior street. At a meeting of the stockholders and directors held April 30, 1877, the capital stock was reduced to $400,000. Mr. Hanna was re-elected president at each annual meeting until the year 1877, when he retired. John McClymonds was chosen as his successor, and still occupies that position, performing the duties of cashier in connection with those of president. Herman S. Kauffman was appointed assistant cashier January 13, 1877. The present officials are as follows: A. Cohb, James Farmer, E. P. Morgan, D. A. Shepherd, T. W. Leek, 0. A. Brooks, John McClymonds, William S. Jones and A. Bradley, directors; John McClymonds, president and cashier; Herman S. Kaufman, assistant cashier. CITIZENS' SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. The incorporation of the Citizens' Savings and Loan Association was consummated the 16th of May, 1868, pursuant to an act of the legislature passed May 5, 1868, entitled, "An act to enable associations of persons to raise funds to be used among their members for building homesteads and for other purposes, to become a body corporate." The incorporators were H. B. Payne, T. P. Handy, William Hart, George Worthington, William B. Castle, M. B. Clark, A. B. Stone, D. A. Dangler, J. M. Coffinberry, E. M. Peck, Elias Sims, S. Buhrer, P. Chamberlain, J. C. Buell and F. T. Backus. The first officers were J. H. Wade, president; T. P. Handy and E. M. Peck, vice presidents; C. W. Lepper, treasurer; J. H. Wade, H. B. Payne, George Worthington, P. Chamberlain, A. B. Stone, E. M. Peck, T. P. Handy, J. P. Robi- MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS - 301 sun, F. T. Backus, D. A. Dangler, George B. Ely, J. Mueller, J. B. Painter, H. W. Luetkemeyer, F. W. Pelton, B. R. Beavis, W. B. Castle, C. W. Coe, Elias Sims, William Hart, J. C. Buell, William Bingham, L. Alcott, H. Garrettson and S. C. Brooks, directors. The capital stock of the association was fixed at $1,000,000, divided into two thousand shares of $500 each. Business was begun on Bank street, but in a few months the headquarters of the association were moved to the Atwater building. In June, 1877, the location was again changed to 123 Superior street. The deposit balance of the association at the present time amounts. to over three and one-half million dollars. The present officers are J. H. Wade, president; W. S. Jones and H. W. Luetkemeyer, vice presidents; C. W. Lepper, secretary and treasurer. PEOPLE'S SAVINGS AND LOAN ASSOCIATION. This association was organized March 2, 1869. The incorporators were Daniel P. Rhodes, Elias Sims, John H. Sargeant, George W. Jones, Josiah Barber. Daniel P. Rhodes was elected president; John H. Sargeant, first vice president; John Bousfield, second vice president; A. L. Withington, secretary and treasurer. The capital stock of the Association was fixed at *250,000. Mr. Rhodes continued to act as president until his death, in 1875. At the next annual meeting, January 5, 1876, John H. Sargeant wag appointed, and served one year. On the 3d of January, 1877, Hiram Barrett was elected. The present officers are Hiram Barrett, president; Charles McNeil and George Warmington, vice presidents; A. L. Withington, secretary and treasurer; J. H. Sargeant, F. W. Pelton, Nelson Purdy, R. R. Rhodes, Hiram Barnett, Elias Sims, J. F. Rhodes, Thomas Dixon, Gustavus Schmidt, G. C. Schenck, J. M. Coffinberry, George H. Warming- ton, W. B. Guyles, D. C. Taylor, C. McNeil, N. Meyer, J. M. Ferris, Belden Seymour, Alfred Kellogg, S. N. Nelson and A. L. Withington, directors. The bank is located at No. 251 Pearl street. The deposit balance now amounts to $450,000. SOUTH CLEVELAND BANKING CO. This is a banking corporation, organized under the State banking law, in June, 1879, and does business in that portion of Cleveland known as Newburg. Its average deposit account is $250,000, and of loans and discounts $150,000. The officers are Joseph Turney, president; James Walker, Nice president; Wm. H. Lamprecht, secretary and treasurer; Joseph Turney, James Walker, E. T. Hamilton, C. P. Jewett and Wm. H. Lamprecht, trustees. CHAPTER LXI. MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS. Fire Department—Police Department—Workhouse and House of Correction—City Infirmary, etc.—The Viaduct—The Breakwater—East Cleveland Street Railroad— Kinsman Street Railroad—West Side Rail way—St. Clair Street Railway— Rocky River Railway—Broadway and Newburg Railway—South Side Railway— Woodland Hills Avenue Railway—Superior Street Railway —Eighteenth Ward Cemetery—Monroe Street Cemetery—Erie Street Cemetery—North Brooklyn Cemetery— St. Joseph's and St. Johnls Cemeteries—Jewish Cemetery—Woodland Cemetery—St. Mary's Cemetery—Lake View Cemetery—Riverside Cemetery. THE FIRE DEPARTMENT. THE first fire company in the village of Cleveland, Live Oak, No. 1, of which Captain McCurdy was foreman, began to run to fires in 1833, but never had a regular organization. The first regularly organized volunteer fire company was Eagle, No. 1, an outgrowth of Live Oak, formed in 1834; Captain McCurdy being also its foreman. A department was then organized and directly afterwards Neptune, No. 2, Phoenix, No. 4, Forest City Hook and Ladder company, No. 1, and Hope Hose company, No. 1, were organized, There was a "No. 3" but it was composed of boys and was not recognized by the department. Cataract, No. 5, was organized in April, 1836. In 1848 Chief Engineer Sanford had serious trouble with the companies, and disbanded all except Phoenix, No. 4. Mr. Sanford soon after retired, and the department was at once re-organized, comprising Eagle, No. 1; Forest City, No. 2; Saratoga, No. 3; Phoenix, No. 4; Cataract, No. 5; Red Jacket, No. 6; and Forest City Hook and Ladder, No. 1. Neptune, No. 7, was organized in 1853; and Hope, No. 8, (of which the present Mayor Herrick was foreman) in 1852. No. 7 began to organize before No. 8, but the latter completed its formation first. Upon the annexation of Ohio City, Washington, No. 1, and Torrent, No. 2, of that place, became respectively Nos. 9 and 10 of the Cleveland department. Alert Hose company, No. 1, was organized in 1857 and Protection Hose, No. 2, in 1858. In 1863 the pay department was organized, and in the following year the volunteer firemen were disbanded. All the engines of the volunteer department were operated by hand, yet the work was enthusiastically done, and much good service was performed. Its successive chiefs were John R. St. John, J. L. Wetherly, A. S. Sanford, Milton Spangler, S. S. Lyon, James Bennett, Jabez W. Fitch, William Cowen, James Hill and Ed. Hart. As just mentioned, in 1863 the city council set on foot measures for the re-organization of the department as a paid force, and formed from its own mem- 302 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. hers a fire and water committee, composed of J. D. Palmer, J. J. Benton and William Meyer, and charged with the work of reconstruction. The first steamer was purchased in the summer of 1863, when the first company of the paid department was formed, with William Kidd as captain. This steamer was named the "I. U. Masters," in honor of the then mayor. During the same year two additional steamers were obtained, and two additional paid companies were formed, the captains being, respectively, J. J. Benton and Barney McGraw. The volunteer hand engine companies continued to serve until February, when they were disbanded, and the paid department was left to its unaided efforts. In July, 1864, a fourth steamer was added, with Edwin Lewis as captain, and in May, 1865, No. 5, under Captain James Hovey, still further strengthened the department. In June,. 1865, the office of company captain was abolished; the chief,. who had until then acted alone in his office, being furnished with two assistants. The first chief of the paid department was James Craw, who, under his election by the people as chief of the volunteer Fire department, held over until April, 1864. His successor was James Hill, whose assistants were John A. Bennett and J. P. McMann. The present chief is John A. Bennett, (appointed in 1874) his assistants being James Dickinson, H. H. Rebbeck and Joseph Speddy. The fire and water-committee of the counoil directed the affairs of the department until April 29, 1873, when t he board of fire commissioners was created by act of the legislature, under whose control the department still remains. The commissioners for .1879 are William II. Radcliffe, George Gloyd, H. L. Melton, Joseph Slaght and William H. Lutton. The force includes one hundred and forty-four officer and men. There are thirteen engine houses, fourteen steamers, seventy-four horses, four hook and ladder companies, and twenty hose carriages; the latter carrying constantly upon their reels sixteen thousand nine hundred feet of hose; one Arial ladder and three supply wagons. Of the fourteen steamers, three are of the first, seven of the second and four of the third class. The aggregate value of houses, horses, steamers, apparatus, etc. used by the department was three hundred and eighty-three thousand one hundred and sixty-three dollars on the 1st of January, 1879, according to the commissioners' report, and according to t he same report the running expenses of the department were about one hundred and forty thousand dollars in 1878. The fire alarm telegraph, organized in 1864, is now in charge of H. H. Rebbeck, and has two hundred and thirty miles of wire, with one hundred and sixty-five alarm boxes. The number of actual frres in 1878 was two hundred and forty-seven, the estimated loss being *208,000. Since 1864 the fires have numbered two thousand seven hundred and forty- five, while the estimated losses were $3,896,054. POLICE DEPARTMENT. From 1836 to 1866, the police was under the direction of a marshal, chosen by the people; the last one being Jacob W. Schmitt. The board of metropolitan police was organized in May, 1866; H. M. Chapin being the first president, and Wm. P. Fogg, James Barnett, Philo Chamberlain and Nelson Purdy, the commissioners. The members of the force in 1866 numbered fifty, and the expenditures for that year were $51,710. The department was reorganized in 1868 and a "board of police" was formed, with John H. Williston as superintendent. The force in 1868 comprised eighty-six men, and the expenses were $70,853. Still another reorganization was effected in 1872, by the formation of a "board of police commissioners," elected by the people. The first commissioners under this system were John M. Sterling, Jr., J. E. Robinson, Geo. Saal and J. C. Schenck. The superintendent was Jacob W. Schmitt who has retained the position until the present time. The commissioners for 1879 are J. M. Sterling, Jr., Louis Hausheer, J. R. Sprankle and G. W. Short. The force now numbers one hundred and forty-two members, and $129,242 was expended in maintaining it during the year 1878. WORKHOUSE AND HOUSE OF CORRECTION. Eight acres of ground at the corner of Woodland and East Madison avenues, are occupied by the city for a workhouse, house of refuge and house of correction. The buildings devoted to these uses are extensive, and present on Woodland avenue a handsome and imposing front. These are all of brick, and cost, with the land upon which they stand, upwards of $240,000. Cleveland's first workhouse was a small institution, an adjunct of the city infirmary. The present one was built in 1870 and occupied in 1871. In 1875, a prison for women was added; in 1878, store houses were built, and in 1879 a house of refuge for girls was erected. The number of prisoners received into the institution from the time it was opened until August 6, 1879, aggregated eight thousand and sixty; the inmates remaining at the latter date numbered two hundred and fifty-eight. Under an excellent system of management the Workhouse has become substantially self-supporting, while as a reformatory it has long since established its claim to a very high position. The manufacture of brushes is the sole industry pursued there, and at this occupation each inmate is forced to labor. The product is very readily sold; the institution, pushed to its utmost, being unable to keep pace with the demand for its wares. As an evidence of the profitable nature of the business of brush-making at the Workhouse, it may be noted that between January 1, and August 1, 1879, the receipts for wares exceeded by $9,000 the aggregate running expenses. This is MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS - 303 a result which can be equaled by few, if any, similar institutions in the country. In fact the Cleveland Workhouse and House of Correction is a model in almost every respect. This may undoubtedly be attributed to the fact that since its foundation, in 1870, its control has been in the hands of the same board of directors, and the further fact that political considerations, of whatever nature, have had no influence in its management. The directors who were appointed in 1870, and who still serve, are Harvey Rice, J. H. Wade, Geo. H. Burt, S. C. Brooks and Wm. Edwards. The superintendent is W. D. Patterson, who has occupied the position since May, 1872. THE CITY INFIRMARY, ETC. The city infirmary, city hospital and asylum for the insane are located, all under the same management, on the "infirmary farm," lying on Scranton avenue, just inside the city limits. The farm, containing eighty acres (all of which are under cultivation), is worked mainly by the inmates of the infirmary, and produced in 1878 crops valued at four thousand, six hundred and eighty-nine dollars, all of which were consumed in the three institutions. The buildings are substantial brick structures, and represent, with the farm, an investment of $164,000. Three hundred and twenty-six persons were admitted in 1878, during which year the cost of maintaining the infirmary was $16,514.37. The inmates, on the first of July, 1879, numbered two hundred and fifty-two, of which one hundred and thirty-nine were males. The directors of the infirmary are George Keiffer, John Gill and Wm. Cubbin, and the superintendent, James Christian. THE VIADUCT. This great structure, which spans not only the channel but the valley of the Cuyahoga, bringing the east and the west sides of the city into easy connection with each other, is now considered one of the great institutions of Cleveland, and every visitor is expected to traverse its long and lofty course, and to admire the solidity of its construction, and the stateliness of its proportions. It is indeed well worthy of admiration. Work was begun upon the structure in question in the fall of 1874, and it was opened for traffic on the 29th of December, 1878. The cost, including the right of way, was $2,170,000, to pay which the oity issued bonds for $1,000,000, payable in twenty years, and for $1,170,000, payable in thirty years. The length of the viaduct, from the corner of Water and Superior streets to the intersection of Pearl and Detroit streets is three thousand two hundred and eleven feet, or nearly five-eighths of a mile. Exclusive of the drawbridge, the width is sixty-four feet; the roadway being forty-two and the sidewalks each eleven feet wide. The length of the drawbridge is three hundred and thirty-two feet, and the width forty-six feet. The bight of the roadway of the drawbridge above low water mark is seventy feet. There are ten stone arches on the west side of the river, of which eight are of eighty-three feet span each, while two have a span of ninety-seven and a half feet each. The length of roadway supported by stone arches is one thousand three hundred and eighty-two feet, and the average bight of the arches above the surface of the ground is fifty-four feet; above the pile foundations, seventy-six feet. The total number of piles driven to form the foundations of the arches and river piers is seven thousand two hundred and seventy-nine, which, if laid lengthwise, would extend over fifty-two miles. There are no less than eighty thousand perches of solid masonry in the structure, while fifteen thousand five hundred cubic yards of gravel were employed as filling. The approximate weight resting on the pile foundations of Pie ten arches is one hundred and forty thousand tons, while that resting on the foundations for iron work is estimated at twelve thousand five hundred tons. The weight of the drawbridge, resting upon its turn-table, is five hundred and twenty tons. That portion of the structure built of iron, including the drawbridge, is nine hundred and thirty-two feet in length, and fourteen hundred and forty tons of iron were used in its construction. These brief statistics give but a faint idea of the massive work which unites the two portions of Cleveland, from which, on the one hand, are seen the far-spreading waters of Lake Erie, on the other the smoking chimneys of the manufacturing district on "the flats," while beneath it roll the turbid waters of the winding Cuyahoga, and over it each moment are passing vehicles of every description, from the groaning freight- wagon to the lightest phaeton. It must be seen to be appreciated. THE BREAKWATER. The construction of the original harbor, the building of which occupied from 1827 to 1840, has been mentioned in the general sketch of the city. Considerable sums were expended on it from time to time, in repairs and improvements, but no movement was made looking toward the construction of a "harbor of refuge " at this point until 1870. In that year the city council adopted resolutions in favor of the construction of such a work by the general government, and, together with many citizens, petitioned Congress on the subject. Hon. W. IL Upson, while a member of the house of representatives, procured an appropriation of *3,000 for a survey. The engineers reported the cost of the proposed new "harbor of refuge " at four million dollars, an amount so large that the committee on commerce peremptorily refused to recommend its appropriation. In January, 1873. Hon. R. C. Parsons, then the representative in congress from the Cleveland district, introduced another memorial and spoke in its favor, showing not only the great necessity for such a work, 304 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. but also convincing congress that it would not cost the enormous sum previously estimated. He persuaded that body to authorize a new survey, which was made in the summer of 1874 under the direction of Colonel Blunt, of the United States Engineers. After its completion Colonel Blunt reported two new plans; one providing for an anchorage of thirty acres to cost $500,000, and one involving an expenditure of $1,200,000 in constructing a harbor of ninety-two acres. In the spring of 1875 congress appropriated $50,000 to begin the work, and referred the subject of its size and form to a board of engineers. These met in Cleveland in April and June, 1875, and reported in favor of the construction of a harbor of two hundred acres, at an estimated cost of $1,800,000. This was adopted, though it is now believed that at present prices the work can be completed for less money. It was begun in the fall of 1875, and about fifteen hundred feet have been completed. lion. H. B. Payne secured an appropriation of $50,000 to carry on the work and Hon. Amos Townsend one of $100,000 for the same purpose. Large as will be the necessary expenditure, it is believed by those acquainted with the subject that it will be greatly outweighed by the. benefits to be derived from it to the immense number of lake vessels, the burthen of which amounts to a million tons and the value of the freight carried by which is estimated at $1,200,000,000 annually. EAST CLEVELAND RAILROAD COMPANY. This company was organized in 1859, under the presidency of Henry S. Stevens, and in that year the road was opened for business from Bank street to Willson avenue. In 1863 the extension to Lake View Cemetery was completed, and in 1868 the line on Garden and Ohio streets was set in operation. The company has now a capital of $300,000, and operates fourteen miles of single track. A. Everett is the president; H. A. Everett, secretary and treasurer; and T. F. Frohisher, road superintendent. KINSMAN STREET RAILWAY COMPANY. The road of this company, extending from Bank street to the Cleveland & Pittsburgh railroad crossing on Kinsman street (now Woodland avenue), was built in 1859 hy Henry S. Stevens and E. K Williams, who directly thereafter sold it to the Kinsman Street Railway Co., incorporated in 1859, with a capital of $30,000, which was afterwards increased at various times, and, in 1879, was $500,000. The road is three miles and three quarters in length, of which upwards of two and a half miles are covered with a double track. For the past two years the road has been in the hands of a receiver, F. J. Locke. The name of Kinsman street has been changed since 1859 to Woodland avenue, but the road retains its old name: THE WEST SIDE RAILWAY COMPANY. This was organized in 1863 with a capital of $80,000; D. P. Rhodes being the first president. In 1864 the company opened the route over Detroit street to the terminus of Bridge street and the Pearl street hne. In 1879 au additional line over Pearl and Fulton streets to Lorain street was opened. In addition to these lines, it operates under lease a road from Lorain street to Brooklyn, laid out by the Brooklyn street railway company. The West Side company operates about nine miles of track, and its managers contemplate an extension of the Fulton street line to Gordon avenue. The president is Elias Sims. THE ST. CLAIR STREET RAILWAY CO. was organized July 30, 1867, as the Superior and St. Clair Street Railway Co., and in 1867 opened a double track road from Water street to Willson avenue, a distance of three miles. G. B. Bowers was the president of the company in 1879, and acted also as superintendent; W. A. Dutton being secretary and treasurer. At Willson avenue this road connects with the St. Clair Street and Collamer Railroad. ROCKY RIVER RAILROAD COMPANY. This company was organized in 1868 with a capital of *80,000, and built a steam railway line from Bridge street (West Side) to Rocky river in Rockport, a distance of about six miles. The president is Elias Sims. BROADWAY AND NEWBURG RAILWAY. When this company was incorporated in 1873, H. A. Massey was the president and A. E. Jewett, the superintendent. On Christmas day, 1873, the road was opened from the city to the company's office on Broadway, and in September, 1875, the extension to Newburg was completed. A double track covers the entire route, which is five and three-quarter miles in length. The company has a capital of $200,000, and owns nineteen cars with eighty-six horses. Joseph Stanley, who is the president, also acts as the superintendent. The trustees are Joseph Stanley, Samuel Andrews, Charles Hathaway, J. W. Sykora, E. Grasselli, E. Fowler and William Meyer. THE SOUTH SIDE RAILWAY COMPANY. The South Side Company was organized in 1874. Their line extends from Superior and Seneca streets to the corner of Jennings avenue and Professor street, and then branches out over both those thoroughfares ahout three-quarters of a mile. The president is Alfred Kellogg; the superintendent, A. M. Emerson. WOODLAND HILLS AVENUE RAILROAD. This is a short line of single track reaching from the intersection of Willson and Woodland avenues, out Woodland Hills avenue one mile and a half. The road was built in 1874 by John Rock, who is the present owner. THE SUPERIOR STREET RAILWAY COMPANY. This company was formed in 1875, and in August of that year the road was opened from Monumental MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENTS AND INSTITUTIONS - 305 square to Giddings avenue, a distance of two and a half miles, over the whole of which a double track was laid. The first president of the company was J. H. Hardie. The president in 1879 was Charles Hathaway; the treasurer, J. W. Carson; the superintendent, A. Bartlett. This road connects at Giddings avenue with a steam line to Euclid, built by the Lake View, Collamer and Euclid railway company in 1876. EIGHTEENTH WARD CEMETERY. This, the oldest of existing city cemeteries, was laid out as early as 1804 and doubtless before, since headstones bearing that date are yet to be seen there. It covers an area of about eight acres, and is abundantly supplied with memorials to some of those who settled in Newburg township when Cleveland was " a small town six miles from Newburg." The interments in this cemetery in 1878 numbered seventy. MONROE STREET CEMETERY. This cemetery is located on the West Side, covers an area of thirty-two and a half acres, handsomely laid out, and contains many fine tombs and monuments, of which latter the most costly is that of H. L. Whitman at the entrance to the grounds. There is in the cemetery a headstone bearing date September 15, 1820, and recording the death of Adam C. Taylor, but this stone, with others of about the same date, was probably transferred from some other burial place since the best obtainable evidence—the early records being lost—declares that Monroe Street Cemetery was not laid on until some years after 1820. The interments in 1878, numbered three hundred and twenty-seven, and at this time the Cemetery tract is so fully occupied that the acquisition of more grounds seems imperative. The cemetery has a fine, stone, arched entrance which cost $4,300; an office built at an expense of $4,200; and a receiving vault that cost $3,300. ERIE STREET CEMETERY. The Erie Street, or as it was originally called the City Cemetery is located on Erie street from which it derives its name. It was originally laid out in 1826, and was the successor of the old cemetery on the present corner of Ontario and Prospect streets, which was laid out and occupied in 1798, as related in the general sketch of the city. It was only two acres in extent, but by subsequent enlargements has been made to include ten acres of land. The first burial was in September, 1827; Minerva M., daughter of Moses and Mary White, being the person then interred. Prior to the year 1840, no regular register of the sale of lots, or of burials, was kept, but at that time the whole tract was re-platted and thenceforth a complete record of the interments was preserved. The greatest number of burials during any single year was seven hundred and seven; this was in 1849. When the City Cemetery was transferred from the corner of Prospect and Ontario streets, out of the remains lying there about three hundred were removed to the present location. The aggregate number of interments in this cemetery is, as near as can be ascertained, about fourteen thousand; the total number of lots, eight hundred and forty-nine. It is owned and maintained by the city. NORTH BROOKLYN CEMETERY. The land of the Brooklyn Cemetery Association is situated on Scranton avenue, between Wade and Seymour avenues, and was called "North Brooklyn" to describe its location in the township of Brooklyn, before that portion of the township was included within the city limits. The association was incorporated in May, 1849, with the following officers: Martin Kellogg, Diodate Clark, Robert C. Selden, John W. Soper, Francis Branch, Benjamin Beavis and Edward C. Van Rosen, trustees; Benjamin Beavis, clerk; Francis Branch, treasurer. The first interment in the cemetery was that of John Connock, a native of England; aged fifty-two, buried July 22, 1848. The present officers of the association are D. S. Brainard, N. Meyer and Alfred Kellogg, trustees; B. R. Beavis, clerk; Alfred Kellogg, treasurer. ST. JOSEPH'S AND ST. JOHN'S CEMETERIES. St. Joseph's Roman Catholic Cemetery, on Woodland avenue, was purchased by Bishop Rappe from N. C. Baldwin, June 22, 1349. It comprises about sixteen acres, of which but two were at first used for burial purposes. This was known as the " old allotment." When filled, or nearly so, Bishop Rappe bought a second tract a few blocks west of St. Joseph's cemetery, which is now known as St. John's cemetery. It was bought May 4, 1855, from N. C, Baldwin, and comprises nine and one-half acres. During the summer of 1878 Bishop Gilmour had the north and west parts of St. Joseph cemetery graded and laid out in lots. This part is known as the "new allotment," and is laid out and platted on the lawn system. It is the intention of the management to follow as closely as possible the plan of Lake View cemetery, in the marking of graves and beautifying the grounds of the new allotment. St. Joseph's cemetery was the first place of interment in Cuyahoga county owned by Roman Catholics. Among the first to be interred there were J. Brogan, P. Whelan, J. McCann, J. Lestrange, P. O'Neil., G. Hancape, H. Kaiser, H. Detmer, J. Faust, 1849-52. Total number of interments from July 1, 1849, to January 1, 1879, in St. Joseph's and St. John's cemeteries, thirteen thousand seven hundred and sixty- four. Rev. G. F. Houck, manager; P. Roach, sexton. JEWISH CEMETERY. The plat of ground used as the Jewish cemetery was laid out in the year 1849, one acre in extent, on Willett street, and, owned by the Israelitish Church 306 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. Congregation. This society afterward merged in the Anshe Chesed congregation, and the cemetery has since been under the control of that society. The first interment was that of Morris Marks, who was buried in the summer of 1840. In 1869 an additional half acre was purchased, so there are one and one-half acres of land now within the cemetery limits. There have been nearly six hundred burials in this cemetery since it was originally laid out. WOODLAND CEMETERY. In 1853 the city purchased of Benjamin F. Butler, of New York, sixty and one-half acres, on what is now Woodland avenue, for $13,639.50, and laid out the present Woodland cemetery, which still retains its original dimensions; being in form, nearly square. Since 1853 the interments in Woodland have aggregated about twenty-five thousand. It contains many handsome and costly monuments, and among the finest are those erected as memorials to the members of the Seventh and Twenty-third Ohio regiments who fell in the War for the Union—that of the Seventh having cost $6,000. Among the legion of graves may be counted two hundred and fifty-seven, in which sleep as many of Ohio's citizens who were slain by rebel hands. The imposing stone structure which adorns the entrance to Woodland was built in 1878. The interments in 1878 numbered seven hundred and twenty-three. ST. MARY'S CEMETERY. St. Marys Cemetery, corner of Burton street and Clark avenue, was purchased by Bishop Rappe and St. Mary's congregation, from Gerhard Schreiber, April 15, 1861, and comprises about six acres. It is used exclusively by the German and Bohemian Catholic congregations, West Side. It is under the management and control of the pastor of St. Mary's congregation—at present Rev. S. Falk—subject, however, to the diocesan authorities. Total number of interments to May 1, 1879, one thousand seven hundred and fifty-seven. Among the first to be interred were John Gies, Joseph Freund, Mary Kerik, Ann Wenzink, John Berg, Joseph Pfeiffer. LAKE VIEW CEMETERY. This handsomely adorned and picturesquely located city of the dead covers an area of three hundred and five acres, and is approached from the city from Euclid avenue. It was laid out in 1869, and is now elaborately and handsomely improved, with smooth gravel drives, sweeping lawns, bright parterres of flowers, lakes, etc., and is, in short, one of the most beautiful cemeteries in the West. Among the many handsome monuments to be seen at Lake View, the one erected upon the lot of Mr. J. H. Wade, and costing thirteen thousand dollars, is probably the finest. The entire cost of the three hundred and five acres now occupied by the cemetery was *170,495. The grounds are undulating, some parts having an altitude of upwards of two hundred feet, and some of these eminences present views of extraordinary beauty. The cemetery is owned and controlled by a corporation known as the Lake View Cemetery Association, whose officers, in 1879, were Joseph Perkins, president; J. IL Wade, vice president; Charles Wilbur, treasurer and clerk. It is situated in the township of East Cleveland, but is essentially a city institution, and is therefore included among the city cemeteries. RIVERSIDE CEMETERY. Riverside, located on the West Side, at the junction of Columbus street and Scranton avenue, was laid out in 1876, by an association of lot owners, incorporated under the name of the Riverside Cemetery Association. A tract of one hundred and two and a half acres, bordering upon Abe Cuyahoga river, was purchased for $102,500, and divided into five thousand and seventy-two burial lots. Riverside is as rich in natural beauty as any of Cleveland's ether cemeteries, being gracefully. dotted with wooded ravines, beautiful lakes, sightly eminences and expansive lawns. Quoting from the Association prospectus: "The crowning feature, perhaps, of the entire grounds, albeit it is no easy task to isolate its beauties one from the other, is the Grand Avenue,' on the main plateau, leading from the chapel and receiving tomb along a plane of a thousand feet, and without a curve, terminated at the eastern end by a fountain of novel design, formed of dark polished granite." A handsome chapel and receiving tomb, erected in 1876, at a cost of $4,100, stands near the center of the cemetery, and materially adds to the pleasing effect of the beautiful surrounding landscape. The most expensive work of art in Riverside is an imposing "canopy monument," which cost $10,000. It is the work of the New England Granite Company, of Hartford, Connecticut, and is owned in common by Messrs. Thomas and Isaac Lamson and S.W. Sessions. The interments in Riverside, from 1876 to August, 1879, numbered four hundred. The officers of the Association for 1879 are Josiah Barber, president; S. W. Sessions, vice president; Alfred Kellogg, treasurer; J. M. Curtiss, clerk and superintendent. CHAPTER LXII. MANUFACTURES. Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company—Lake Shore Foundry—Jewett and Goodman Organ Company—Cleveland Rolling Mill Company—Cleveland Paper Company—Novelty 1ron Works — Meriam and Morgan Paraffin Company— Cleveland Foundry—Bourne and Knowles— Union Steel Screw Company—Grasselli Chemical Works—Taylor & Boggis' Foundry — Cleveland Spring Company — Cleveland Steam Gauge Company—White Manufacturing Company—King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Company—Otis 1ron and Steel Company—Worswick Manufacturing Company. ALTHOUGH Cleveland did not become a decidedly manufacturing city until the outbreak of the war, in 1861, yet it had taken some steps in that direction, a MANUFACTURES - 307 long time previously. Of some of the very earliest, and consequently the smallest, of these manufactures we have made brief mention in the general sketch of the city at the beginning of Part II. To the great industries now in existence we devote the following pages; arranging the various establishments as nearly as practicable in the order of their beginning opera= tions; so that a glance at this chapter will show not only the origin of various individual enterprises, but will also give some idea of the manufacturing tendencies and progress of Cleveland. Of course it is impracticable for us to do more than call attention to the principal institutions of this class, from which, however, the reader can at least gain an idea of the enterprise which in less than twenty years has changed Cleveland from an almost purely commercial town to one of the greatest manufacturing centers in the country. CUYAHOGA STEAM FURNACE COMPANY. This establishment deserves and holds a prominent place in the front rank of Cleveland's manufacturing industries, both by reason of its early origin and present importance. The name of the corporation is hardly indicative of the nature of its business, as it certainly has never had anything to do with the manufacture of steam furnaces. The name is supposed to have been bestowed because, when started, the works were supplied with a steam engine for "blowing" the furnaces, whereas other foundries in this part of the country used horse-power. At all events, the Cuyahoga Steam Furnace Company was incorporated March 3, 1834, and in the following April the company was organized by the election of Josiah Barber, Richard Lord and Luke Risley, as directors, and Charles Hoyt, as agent. The works were located in what was then Ohio City (now the West Side) at the corner of Detroit and Center streets, where they remain to this day. Incidental to a general foundry business, the first important article of manufacture was a patent horse-power, which gained considerable notoriety. In 1841 the company manufactured a large number of cannon for the general government, and afterwards enlarged its scope of operations from the manufacture of castings, plows, mill-irons, etc., to the production of large machinery. This new and important departure was to a large extent effected in 1842, when Ethan Rogers entered the company's service and undertook the construction of machinery to be used in the building of railways. Not long afterwards the company built a locomotive engine for a newly-constructed railway between Detroit and Pontiac, in Michigan, and this locomotive, the first built west of the Alleghenies, after twelve years of hard work, was in such good condition that it was sold for very near its cost. At the company's works were built, also, the locomotives first used on the Cleveland, Columbus and Cincinnati railroad and the Cleveland and Ashtabula (now Lake Shore) railroad. Besides the destination of having built the first locomotive in the west, the company gained also the additional one of constructing the earliest successful machinery for a lake screw propeller; the "Emigrant'' being the vessel supplied with its production. Progress has ever been the watchword of this corporation, which has maintained an unbroken career of prosperity since its foundation in 1834, and the business of which, from a small venture, has risen to such proportions that upwards of one hundred and fifty men are constantly employed in the works. The company's capital, fixed at $100,000 at the outset, has remained unchanged. Its productions embrace steam-engines and machinery of the largest class for mills and vessels, and are familiar on all the great lakes and in all the large manufactories of the West. Mr. J. F. Holloway (for many years previous connected with the company) was, upon the death of President W. B. Castle in 1872, chosen president and business manager, and since that time has discharged the duties of those offices, while serving, as well, as designer, engraver and superintendent, The secrementary of the company is Mr. Sanford I. Lewis, who has occupied the place since 1861. LAKE SHORE FOUNDRY. This prominent industry was established in the year 1850, by Mr. Selzer, and continued under his management until 18G6. S. Merchant then succeeded to the proprietorship and conduoted the business until 1874 when a joint stock company was formed; 0. M. Burke being president and treasurer; A. M. Burke, vice president; and C. E. Burke, secretary. The buildings and premises at the foot of Alabama street consist of two brick foundries, each one hundred feet square, and one two-story machine shop, forty by two hundred feet in size. The company manufactures car, bridge and general castings, and makes a specialty of casting water and gas pipe. The annual business amounts to nearly half a million dollars. Near one hundred and sixty men are employed, to whom, on the average, wages of about $1.0 per week are paid. THE JEWETT AND GOODMAN ORGAN COMPANY. The manufacture of organs in Cleveland was established by Child and Bishop, in 1852. In 1860 Jewett and Goodman purchased the interest of that firm and continued the business until 1877, at which time a joint stock company was formed and incorporated under the style of The Jewett & Goodman Organ Company, with a capital stock of $60,000. In 1876 the manufactory was removed from Ontario street to the corner of Rockwell and Bond streets. The officers of the company are S. A. Jewett, president and treasurer; C. D. Goodman, vice president; F. C. Goff, secretary. 308 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. CLEVELAND ROLLING MILL COMPANY. Cleveland's most important manufacturing industry, and one of the greatest in the world, is that located in the eighteenth ward of the city, (commonly known as Newburg), and operated by the Cleveland Rolling Mill Company. This company had its origin in the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., founded at Newburg by Henry Chisholm in 1857, and engaged from that year until 1863 in the manufacture of railway and bar iron. In September, 1863, the firm of Chisholm, Jones & Co., was superseded by a joint ..stock corporation, under the same leadership, with the name above given, and since that time the business has steadily expanded until it has now reached results which are almost marvelous. The works' proper cover an area of thirty-two acres; their products includes Bessemer steel and iron rails and fastenings, spring steel and wire of all kinds, steel horse shoes, tire, axles and other forgings, boiler plate, galvanized and black sheet iron, corrugated roofing and siding of Siemens-Martin, Bessemer steel and iron, etc., etc.. The capital of the company is $2,000,000; the number of men employed averages four thousand; the yearly pay-roll reaches to more than two millions of dollars, and the annual consumption of coal is two hundred and fifty thousand tons. One hundred and fifty teams, besides locomotives, cars, etc.,—all owned by the company—are employed in the transportation of material between the various' departments of the works; the yearly product of steel and iron rails aggregates one hundred and ten thousand tons; that of wire, twenty-one thousand tons, and that of merchant iron and steel, twenty thousand tons. These figures are given in a comprehensive form to show at a glance the scope of this remarkable industry, the details of which are, of course, too elaborate to be described in our limited space. The wiremills deserve, however, especial mention, for they are the largest of .their kind in this country. All kinds of steel wire are made, ranging from the coarsest description known down to that of the fineness of a hair. More than six thousand tons of grain-binding wire alone were manufactured in 1879. The company also operates in Chicago a mill that yields one hundred and fifty tons of rails daily, and two blast furnaces, the daily product of which is one hundred and twenty tons of pig iron. It also owns all its own mines of ore in the Lake Superior region, whence its supplies are drawn. The president of the company is Mr. Henry Chisholm, who resides in Cleveland, and the vice president is Mr. A. B. Stone, of New York, who manages the business of the corporation in the latter city. CLEVELAND PAPER COMPANY. The Cleveland Paper Company was regularly incorporated on the 1st day of October, 1860, by M. C. Younglove, John Hoyt, Hiram Griswold, N. W. Taylor and G. Worthington, stockholders and proprietors. The capital stock was originally fixed at $100,000, but, owing to a rapid expansion in the business of the corporation, was in June, 1867, increased to $300,000. The factories, five in number, are located as follows: Two in Cleveland, (one on Broadway and one on Forest street), and one each in Massillon, Canton, and Monroe Falls. At these are manufactured all varieties of paper, and employment is furnished to over three hundred persons. The principal offices and salesroom occupy the entire four story building at No. 128 St. Clair street. The present officers of the company are Ansel Roberts, president; N. W. Taylor, agent; H. S. Whittlesey, secretary and treasurer; E. Mill, superintendent of warehouse; J. W. Brightman, superintendent of mills. NOVELTY IRON WORKS. This important industry was established in 1860, by Thomas R. Reeve. The works consist of a machine and blacksmith shop, in a building ninety by one hundred and fifty-seven feet in dimensions, located on the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets. Here are manufactured iron bridges, buildings, roofs, railroad frogs and crossings, and general machine work of all kinds. In these works are employed seventy-five men, at an average salary of about $12.00 per week. THE STANDARD OIL COMPANY. This extensive corporation had its inception in the year 1861, in a comparatively small copartnership business conducted by John D. Rockefeller and Henry M. Flagler. So rapid was the increase in the manufacture of petroleum and the sale of its products that in January, 1870, a stock company was formed and incorporated under the name of "Standard Oil Company," having its principal place of business at Cleveland. John D. Rockefeller, Henry M. Flagler, Samuel Andrews, Stephen V. Harkness and William Rockefeller, comprised the board of directors and managers. The capital stock was fixed at 1,000,000 in shares of one hundred dollars each. The works and property of the company are situated on what is known as Kingsbury Run, and cover an area of about one hundred acres. The present officers are as follows: John D. Rockefeller, president; William Rockefeller, vice president; Henry M. Flagler, secretary; O. H. Payne, treasurer; S. Andrews, superintendent; G. I. Vail, auditor; L. H. Severance, cashier. This company does the largest business in its line —the refining and sale of petroleum-in the world, and there are few manufacturing establishments of any kind which surpass it. It has absorbed the greater part of the product of the Pennsylvania oil regions, and these when refined are sold throughout all of the civilized and part of the uncivilized world. MERIAM AND MORGAN PARAFFINE COMPANY. The manufacture of paraffine oil and wax was commenced in Cleveland in 1863, by the firm of More- MANUFACTURES - 309 house and Meriam. In 1865 the firm was changed to Moorehouse, Meriam & Co., and again in 1869, to Meriam & Morgan. In 1874 the firm became a body corporate under the name of the "Meriam and Morgan Paraffine Company," with a capital stock of $300,000. The offices and factory are located in a three story brick building, on the, corner of Central Way and Ohio street. On the canal, opposite the main building, is an ice-house having a capacity of six thousand tons. The company's refinery is located on the Atlantic and Great Western Railroad, and covers seven acres of land. The officers of the company are E. P, Morgan, president; J. B. Meriam, vice president and treasurer; William Morgan, superintendent; Herman Frasch, chemist; C. T. Carruth, secretary. CLEVELAND FOUNDRY. This industry, one of the leading enterprises of the city, was established in the year 1S64 by the firm of Bowler & Maher. In 1870 C. A. Brayton entered the firm, which has since been known as Bowler, Maher & Brayton. In connection with the manufacture of car wheels, the firm also produces all casting pertaining to street railroads, rolling mills and blast furnaces. At the works, Nos. 7, 9, 11 and 13 Winter street, one hundred men are employed. The firm now consists of N. P. Bowler, Thomas Maher and C. A. Brayton. BOURNE & KNOWLES The manufacture of hot and cold pressed nuts, washers, chain-links and rivets was commenced at the corner of Elm and Main streets, by the firm of Sherman, Damon & Co. in the year 1864. This firm was composed of David S. Sherman, Roger Damon, Jr., and E. F. Thayer. On the 16th of October, 1866, the business was enlarged and the old firm succeeded by Bourne, Damon & Knowles. Mr. Damon retired in September, 1871, since which Messrs. Bourne and Knowles have continued the business. The building occupied by the firm is a two-story brick, one hundred and twenty by one hundred and sixty-three in dimen- UNION STEEL SCREW COMPANY. This great establishment was incorporated by Amasa Stone, Jr., William Chisholm, Henry Chisholm, A. B. Stone and H. B. Payne, with a capital stock of 81,000,000 in shares of $100 each. The business of the corporation is confined almost entirely to the manufacture of screws, but in that line is one of the largest in the country. GRASSELLI CHEMICAL WORKS. The manufacture of acids by E. Grasselli, senior member of the present firm, was commenced at Cincinnati in 1839. The extensive oil interests which centered in Cleveland induced Mr. Grasselli, in 1866, to establish works here for the manufacture of chemicals of different kinds. The buildings and .yards of the premises, on Broadway and Independence street, cover over twenty-two acres of ground, and furnish employment for sixty persons. The firm consists of E. Grasselli and Caesar A, Grasselli, his son. TAYLOR & BOGGIS' FOUNDRY. This enterprise was started on Central Place, in 1866, by the firm of Harvey Taylor & Son. A few years later the works were removed to their present location on Central Way, and the firm was changed to Taylor & Boggis. The works consist of the wood- pattern, foundry, machine and metal-pattern departments. CLEVELAND SPRING COMPANY. This corporation was organized October 21, 1868, with a capital stock of $200,000. The works are situated at the corner of West River and Winslow streets, having a front of one hundred and seven feet, and a depth of three hundred and fifty. The company numufactures steel springs for locomotives, cars. carriages and wagons. The officers are as follows: E, H. Bourne, president: Wm. K. Corlett, vice president; H. M. Knowles, secretary; E. H. Bourne. .Wm. K. Corlett, H. M. Knowles, S. Bourne and John Corlett, directors, CLEVELAND STEAM GAUGE COMPANY. The Cleveland Steam Gauge Company was incorporated on the. 20th day of April, 1869, with a capital stock of fifty thousand dollars. The officers and incorporators were as follows: D. W. Cross, president; J. P. Holt, superintendent; W. S. Dodge, secretary and treasurer; J. E. French, general manager. This company was organized for the purpose of manufacturing Holt's patent steam gauges for locomotive and stationary engines, spring balances, water gauges, test pumps and test gauges, syphons, brass cocks, air and vacuum gauges, Watson's forge and blower, Emery's universal cotton gill, etc. The business was established by Mr. Holt in 1867, and has steadily increased up to this time. The works of this company are located on West street, in a building one hundred and twenty-five feet square. The officers are D. W. Cross, president; J. E. French, vice president; J. P. Holt, superintendent; W. S. Dodge, secretary and treasurer. WHITE MANUFACTURING COMPANY. This company was incorporated on the 25th day of November, 1870, by Thomas H. White, Rollin C. White, George W, Baker, Henry W. White and D'Arcy Porter, who formed the association for the purpose of manufacturing sewing machines and articles connected with them. The more particular object was the manufacture of the " White Sewing Machine," of which Thomas II. 'White was the patentee. The capital stock was fixed at $200,000. In the works of the Company on Canal street are employed from five to six hundred persons, at an average salary of 310 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. nearly $75 each per month. The works occupy the five- story building at Nos. 22 to 26 Canal street; the main offices and counting room are at Nos. 358 and 360 Euclid avenue. From July, 1876, to the close of 1877, the company produced from one hundred and fifty to two hundred machines per day. The present officers are Thomas H. White, president; R. C. White, vice president; S. E. Henderson, secretary; H. W. White, treasurer; D'Aroy Porter, superintendent; George W. Baker, assistant superintendent. THE KING IRON BRIDGE AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY. On the 26th day of January, 1871, Zenas King, Thomas A. Reeve, A. B. Stone, Charles A. Barnard, Charles A. Crumb, Dan P. Eells and Henry Chisholm associated themselves together for the purpose of manufacturing bridges and all kinds of machine work, under the name of " The King Iron Bridge and Manufacturing Company." The capital stock was fixed at $225,000. In 1858 Zenas King founded the business, with a capital of 5,000, which was at first confined to the manufacture of arch and swing bridges. The company now produces all kinds of truss, combination and wood bridges, as well as the patent arch. The works, located at the corner of Wason and Hamilton streets, cover one hundred and ten thousand square feet of land. The present officers are Zenas King, president; James A. King, vice president; Harley B. Gibbs, secretary; A. H. Porter, engineer. OTIS IRON AND STEEL COMPANY. The Otis Iron and Steel Company was formed on the 13th day of June, 1873, by Charles A. Otis, W. S. C. Otis, E. B. Thomas, W. S. Streator and Dan P. Eells. The purpose of the organization was to engage in the manufacture of iron and steel in all of its various branches. The capital stock was $300,000, in shares of $1,000 each. The Company's works are located on Lake, near Lawrence street, and the present officers are Charles A. Otis, president; Jos. K. Bole, secretary, S. T. Willman, superintendent. WORSWICK MANUFACTURING COMPANY. This company had its origin in the manufacturing firm of Worswick & Lewis, and was incorporated October, 14, 1876, the capital stock being $100,000. The company manufactures wrought iron pipe, iron fittings and brass goods for steam, water and oil use. The works, located on the corner of Merwin and Center streets, occupy the entire three story building, ninety by one hundred and thirty feet in size. The present officers are as follows: J. R. Worswick, president; John A. Prindle, vice president; W. F. Brown, secretary; John F. Taylor, treasurer; J. R. Worswick, E. Lewis, John A. Prindle, Fayette Brown and H. E. Prindle, directors. CHAPTER LXIII. SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES.• The First School—Faint Traditions—The First Known School House in the Village—The Subscription—Sale to the Village—The Academy— Private Schools—The Free School—The First School System—Purchase of the Academy—New School Houses—Plenty of Readers— Uniform Text Books Prescribed—The Seats—Salaries—Establishment of High School—Wide Awake Boys—A Three-story School House—Appointment of a Superintendent—The Old Board—Faithfur Members— Superintendent Freese—Annexation of Ohio City—The Schools there —The "Branch High School "—The Board of Education—The System thoroughly established—Annexation of East Cleveland—Consolidation—The New High School—Its Description—Supervising Principals and the Normal School—The Number of Scholars— Teachers and their Salaries—Conclusion. THE first school within the territory of the present city of Cleveland was taught by Miss Sarah Doan, daughter of Nathaniel Doan of "Doan's Corners," in what was then known as the Kingsbury neighborhood, near the present corner of Kinsman street and Woodland Rights avenue, about four miles from Monumental Park. Even now it is close to the western boundary of the city. Though there is no distinct record, it is safe to say that the school-house was built of logs as there was no other kind of buildings in this part of the world. For several years schools were kept more regularly in Newburg and the Kingsbury neighborhood than at Cleveland proper, whence sickness repelled emigrants so completely that two or three families was considered a large population. In fact, we can find no mention of a school or school house there until 1814. There is a tradition, as Mr. Freese says, in his "Early History of Cleveland Public Schools," that a school was taught about 1802 or 1803, when there were but five children, and another that there was one in 1810, when there were fifty-seven inhabitants, and when it would surely seem as if there ought to have been one. It is evident, however, that there were very few schools previous to the war of 1812, or some of the reminiscences on record regarding that period would have mentioned them. The first record of any school in Cleveland village is of one kept by a Mr. Capman in 1814. The first sohool-house in the village, of which there is any account, was probably built in 1815, as the late Leonard Case, who came in 1816, mentions it as then existing (in a manuscript left by him), as does also Mr. Moses White. The latter describes it as a little new building, about eighteen feet by twenty- eight, with a stone chimney, located where the the Kennard House now stands. It was built by subscription; the following being the contributors, with the amounts subscribed by each: T. and I. Kelley, $20; Stephen S. Dudley, $5; Daniel Kelley, $10; T. and D. Miles, $5; Wm. Trimball, $5; J. Riddall, 5; Walter Bradrock, $2.50; Levi Johnson, $10; J. Heather, $5; Horace Perry, $10; John A. Ackley, 5; A. W. Walworth, $5; George Wallace, $5; Jacob Wilkerson, $5; Pliny Mowry, $5; D. C. Henderson, $15; David Long, $15; Samuel William- * Largely from Freese's Early History of the Cleveland Public Schools. SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES - 311 son, *15; Alonzo Carter, $15; John Dixon, $5; N. H. Merwin, $5; James Root, $5; Joel Nason, $3; Edward McCarney, $5; George- Pease, $5. The total was $198.70, which would build quite a school-house in those days. After it was erected, however, it was deemed b es that the village should own it, and on the 13th day of January, 1817, the trustees voted to return the subscription money to the donors and receive the title to the school-house. It was not only the school-house but the meeting-house of the village, being occupied as such in winter whenever an occasional minister visited the locality, while the larger but colder courthouse was used for the same purpose in summer. This was the only temple of education in Cleveland for several yeas. The village gave the use of the house to successive teachers, who then managed the schools in their own manner, collecting what fees they could from the parents of the scholars. In 1821 the citizens of the growing village united in erecting a two-story brick building, termed the Cleveland Academy, located on St. Clair street. It was finished the next year; the Cleveland Herald of June 6, 1822, mentioning with pride the convenient academy of brick, with its handsome spire, and its spacious room in the second story for public purposes, which was then nearly completed. Scarcely were the lower rooms finished, when, on the 26th of the same month, a school was opened in it under the Rev. Wm. McLean. The reverend gentlemen taught reading, .spelling and writing for $1.75 per term; grammar and geography were included for $2.75 per term, while if there were any young Clevelanders ambitious to study Greek, Latin or the higher mathematics, they or their parents were obliged to disburse $4 per term to secure them that privilege at the Cleveland Academy. The building was about forty-five feet by twenty- five; the lower story being divided into two school rooms, while the upper one was employed for church meetings, lectures, traveling shows, and all the multifarious uses of a public hall in a frontier village. At a later date, when Cleveland became more populous, the higher department of the school was removed to the upper story. Harvey Rice, Esq., then a young law student, just from the East, served as principal for a short time, beginning in 1824. The academy was kept up until about the time of the incorporation of the city of Cleveland in 1836, when it was superseded by the school system then adopted. As early as 1825 a young ladies' academy was established, which advertised to teach reading, writing, grammar, geography, painting, needlework and embroidery. Meanwhile several private schools for young scholars were maintained at different times. In 1830 an attempt was made to buy the academy building in behalf of the corporation but it did not succeed. In 1833 or '34 a school was established, supported by charity, and attended by the children of the poorest inhabitants. It was called the " Free School," and probably received some aid from the village authorities, for very soon after the organization of the city government the council voted to employ a teacher and assistant to conduct it until a school system should be organized. In September following, R. S. Gazlay, principal of the free school, reported that two hundred and twenty-nine children had attended it during the preceding three months, at a cost of one hundred and thirty- one dollars and twelve cents. On the fifth of the succeeding month the council appointed the first board of school managers, consisting of John W. Willey, Anson Haydon and Daniel Worley. In March, 1837, the board reported that they had kept up the "Common Free School" at a cost of $185.77 for the winter quarter. They advised a more liberal allowance for the support of schools, and especially for the erection of school-houses. The second board, appointed in 1837, consisted of Samuel Cowles, Samuel Williamson and Philip Battell. It was not until July 7, 1837, that any general system of public schools was established in Cleveland. An ordinance was then passed by the council, directing its school committee to lease suitable buildings or rooms for school purposes, the expense not to exceed half the amount which the council was authorized to expend annually in building school-houses. The other half, or so much as might be necessary, was directed to be used in buying furniture and apparatus. The board of school managers was also authorized to establish in the rooms so obtained such elementary schools as they deemed necessary, to be kept up four months from the 24th of July, to be entirely supported by the city, and therefore to be restricted in expenses to the amount of that part of the city revenue set aside for that purpose. The board proceeded to organize three school districts, in each of which separate schools for boys and girls were established as soon as possible, under three male and three female teachers. They were maintained a little over four months, at an aggregate cost for tuition of $610.82. During the winter the six schools were retained, and two more added for small children. There were eight hundred and forty names on the rolls, and an average attendance of four hundred and sixty-eight; the cost for that term being $868.62. These schools were wholly free, and the authorities of Cleveland seem to have stepped at once from substantial indifference (in their public capacity) regarding educational matters to a complete adoption of the free-school system. The income devoted to school purposes during the year was $2,830, which was sufficient to pay for tuition, rent and fuel. During the next year the number of schools was increased to eleven, the average attendance being five hundred and eighty-eight, as appears by the report of Silas Belden, Henry Sexton and ;Henry H. Dodge, the managers for that year. 312 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. The old academy was rented two years by the city for the use of the common schools, and in 1839 was purchased for $6,000. In the spring of that year, also, two lots were purchased, on the recommendation of a committee of which Harvey Rice was chairman, on each of which was erected a two-story brick schoolhouse, forty-five feet square, one on Rockwell and one on Prospect street, each intended to seat two hundred children. Both were finished in 1840. The one on Prospect street was lately occupied by the board of education. These, with the academy building, would seat comfortably six hundred children, but were compelled for a time to accommodate nearly nine hundred. Each of these three schools was organized in December, 1840, with a senior and primary grade, and each of these was subdivided into a boys and girls department. The three principals, who were also the teachers respectively of the boys department in the senior grade were A. N. Gray in the Rockwell street school, Andrew Freese in the prospect street school, and George W. Yates in the St. Clair street, or academy, school. The first had two hundred and seventy scholars under them; the second two hundred and seventy-five, and the third two hundred and forty. Besides these, there were the Bethel school with two teachers and a hundred and fifty-five scholars; one on the corner of Prospect and Ontario streets, with one teacher and fifty-five pupils, and one on Chestnut street with one teacher and fifty-six pupils. Mr. Freese published a program of the daily exercises., in the Prospect street school in one of the early years of its existence, which shows a multiplicity of "readers," and of classes conformed to them, which seems almost ludicrous to the modern reader, though the extra labor and perplexity could not have been at all amusing to the teachers. The list embraces classes in the "English Reader," "Porter's' Rhetorical Reader," " Historical Reader" and " Angell's No. 2 Reader"; also in " Smith's Grammar" and " Kirkham's Grammar." Besides these, Smith's Arithmetic, Smith's Geography and " Parley's" History were the principal text books. The only subjects higher than the ordinary English branches were algebra and natural philosophy; there being one class in each. Soon after, the board of school managers prescribed a uniform list of text books for each grade, but the teachers could divide the schools into such classes as they saw fit. The furniture of the school room was hardly changed at this time from the most primitive form ever used; consisting of two lines of long seats extending around the room, a short distance from the wall, the rear ones having no backs and the front ones no fronts. The backs of the front row, with their attached shelves, served as desks for the occupants of the benches behind. It was not until 1845 that the two seated pine desks which are still common in country schools, came into use; each matching with the other, and consisting of a seat, a back, a writing desk, and a. book shelf combined. These were really quite an ingenious and convenient invention. The salaries of the male principals at this period were ten dollars per week; those of the female assistants were five dollars per week-a school week then comprising five and a half days. Until 1846 no important change took place in the constitution of the schools, and no new school buildings appear to have been erected, though rooms were rented in various localities to meet the wants of the growing city. In that year Mayor Hoadley in his inaugural address recommended the establishment of a high school, composed of the best scholars of the common schools. The council adopted the recommendation, leased the basement of a church on Prospect street, and made Andrew Freese, principal of the Prospect-street school, principal of the new academic department. It went into operation on the 1st of July 1846, with thirty-four pupils; a number increased during the year to eighty-three. This "new-fangled " arrangement, however, was strongly opposed by many of the citizens, who held that the council had no legal right to establish such a school, and also that it was unjust and inexpedient to tax people for the maintainance of higher education. A warm discussion was the consequence, both in the council and among the people; but it was settled in favor of the continuance of the high school. A girl's. department of it was also opened in the spring of 1847. The school was not a very expensive institution at that time; the total annual cost for several years being about nine hundred dollars; of which four hundred constituted the salary of the principal, and two hundred and fifty that of his sole assistant. Another assistant was added in 1852. All the higher English studies were taught there, but the languages were not yet made a part of the course. The boys who went to the high school under Mr. Freese during those early years were an energetic, restless set, many of whom have since made their mark in the world, including Senator John P. Jones, of Nevada, Governor Lucius Fairchild, of Wisconsin, and several others but little less famous. They were ready to overcome almost any obstacle. They gave lectures on chemistry and other subjects, from which they obtained money to buy philosophical apparatus for the school. They bought materials, and themselves laid up a small brick laboratory; they made some of the apparatus they desired with their own hands; they edited and published a monthly called the School Boy for two or three years, and by their pluck and perseverance contributed largely toward breaking down the lingering prejudices against the high school. On the opening of the new decade in 1850 the necessity of more school-room could no longer be denied, and in 1851 the Brownell-street school-house was erected; similar in size and form to the Prospect and SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES - 313 Rockwell-street houses already described. When it was opened for use in January, 1852, under Principal E. E. White, it was immediately filled to overflowing. The quandary of the board of managers as to how relief should be afforded—whether to put on a third story, erect a new building, or employ some other means—was settled in a very peculiar manner. A high wind blew off the roof of the new schoolhouse. Whether the members of the board looked on this as a providential decision or not, they at once accepted it as literally opening the way out of their difficulty, and directed the addition of a third story before the roof was replaced. Such was the accidental origin of the first three-story brick school-house in Cleveland. This . in time became too small for the constantly increasing number of scholars, and in 1863 it was sold; the school being removed to a newly erected edifice of ample proportions, on the opposite side of the street—commonly known as the Bradburn schoolhouse. The Brownell-street school was followed in 1852 by the Mayflower-street school, which opened in a small wooden building of two rooms on the corner of Orange and Mayflower streets. Three-fourths of the children were Bohemians, who could harl dy speak a word of English. The teachers had considerable difficulty at first, but it is said they eventually learned their Bohemians to speak English principally by turning them out to play with the English-speaking scholars -certainly a very pleasant method of instruction. The population in that vicinity increased so rapidly that in 1854 a large three-story brick schoolhouse, capable of seating five hundred pupils, was erected. In 1869 it was enlarged to a capacity of a thousand. About the time the Brownell and Mayflower-street schools were set in operation, it was determined to have something better than a basement for the use of the high school. A lot was accordingly purchased on Euclid street, on which in 1851 a cheap wooden building was erected for temporary use. It was not vacated, however, until the spring of 1856, when the large three-story brick structure, sixty feet by ninety, occupied by the high school until the present year, was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. It was at this period, too, (in 1853) that a superintendent was placed in charge of the schools. Hitherto the work of supervision had been carried on entirely by the board of managers, the members of which received no pay, and merely spared what time they could from the various kinds of active private business in which they were all engaged. George Willey, a prominent lawyer, and Charles Bradburn, an active merchant, both began service as managers in 1841, and both served with few intermissions, until 1859, usually associated with but one or two others. Both gave a very large share of their time to the schools, and they bore a very great part in the work of strengthening and developing the public school system of Cleveland in its infant years. Harvey Rice, Esq., who was a member of the city council during much of the same period, was also a very active friend of the schools. But the time had come when the amount of supervising work to be done made it absolutely essential that some one should be employed especially to do it. In May, 1853, R. C. Parsons, Esq., introduced into the council an ordinance establishing the office of superintendent of instruction, which was passed on the 1st of June following. The board of managers was to fill the office, but the council was to fix the salary. Andrew Freese, principal of the high school since its establishment, was at once appointed to the newly created position. The salary voted him by the council was three hundred dollars per year. It should be understood, however, that for awhile he gave only half his time to the work of supervision, and the other half to the high school, of which he still remained principal-receiving his old salary of $1,000 per year. Afterwards, for a year, he gave five hours a day to his supervisory work; still retaining his position and salary in the high school. At length, however, it was found necessary for him to concentrate his whole attention on the work of supervision, and with considerable difficulty the council was persuaded to allow him a salary of $1,300 per year. Mr. Freese held the office eight years, giving to his duties the most enthusiastic energy and the most unwearying attention, and stamping his impress deeply upon that great institution, the public school system of Cleveland, with which he was so long connected. The year after the superintendency was established, Ohio City was annexed to Cleveland. It then had two thousand four hundred and thirty-eight children considered to be of "sohool age," of whom about eight hundred were registered in the public schools and some two hundred were in church or private schools. The public schools consisted of one on Penn street with a hundred and ninety-five scholars; one at the "old Universalist church," with a hundred and sixty-two; one at a small brick house on Vermont street, with fifty-four; one at the "Seminary building," with a hundred and seven; and one at a small wooden school house on church street, with a hundred and eighty-two. The houses on Penn, Vermont and Church streets were owned by the city; the others were leased. The schools on the West Side were generally ungraded, though there was a central school in the " seminary building" for the higher classes. There were also in process of erection three three-story brick school houses—one each on Pearl, Hicks and Kentucky streets-and these were completed at a cost of $7,000 each in the autumn of 1854, and given over to the management of the authorities of the united city. All the schools above mentioned except the one on Plum street were then transferred to the new school-houses. At this time, too, the West Side Central School, which was merely a kind of advanced common school, 314 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. was transferred to the upper story of the Kentucky street school house. The people on the West Side were desirous that it should be brought to an equality with the East Side High School. As, however, the law under which the system of public instruction in Cleveland was organized provided that there should be but one central school, the council, with dubious legality, provided that there should be a branch of it established on the west side of the river. Though called the "Branch High School," it was entirely independent of its competitor on the other side; its principal being responsible directly to the superintendent of instruction and the board of managers— a lesson in deception and evasion of the law hardly counterbalanced by the increased convenience of having two high schools instead of one, or by saving the trouble of having the law changed. The Hudson street (now the Sterling) school was opened in the spring of 1850, in a small wooden structure which soon became so crowded that a cheap, detached building was speedily erected, and this was subsequently supplemented by the addition of another room. All these were finally succeeded by it large, new brick school house, completed in 1868, and then reputed to be the finest in Ohio. In 1859 also, the old "board of managers" was exchanged for a "board of education," consisting of eleven members, elected by the people. The first one thus chosen consisted of Chas. Bradburn, Allyne Maynard, Chas. S. Reese, William H. Stanley, Nathan P. Payne, W. P. Fogg, Lester Hayes, J. A. Thome, F. B. Pratt, Daniel P. Rhodes and Geo. R. Vaughan. We have thus brought down this condensed history of the public school system of Cleveland to the time when it had, to a great extent, assumed the form it has since retained. In 1859, there was a board of education elected by the people, controlling the schools on both sides of the river, a superintendent intrusted with the immediate management; an East high school and a West high school where the more advanced branches, including the languages, were taught, and finally a number of graded common schools, under male principals and female assistants, which, by a pedantic imitation of the name of an altogether different thing, then began to be called " grammar schools." Moreover, music and drawing had both been introduced into the schools several years before, but were temporarily suspended at that period, on account of the "hard times" induced by the financial crisis of 1857. Since that time the change has been one of devel- * The appellation of grammar school" was given to an institution in England and New England, above the grade of a primary school, in which grammar was the principal subject taught. As soon as a boy was at all advanced in his English grammar he was put into Latin grammar, and everything else was made subordinate to the study of language, or "grammar." It is natural that, in the regions mentioned, the old name should be retained, but it is provoking that the same name should have been plagiarized within the last twenty years and applied to a new institution, in which grammar is considered of less consequence than mathematics, and of scarcely more importance than each of several other studies. opment rather than of fundamental characteristics, though a few additions of considerable consequence have been made to the system. During the war for the Union, (in which many of the graduates of the Cleyeland schools engaged, and some gave up their lives) notwithstanding the heavy drain upon the resources of the people, the school system was maintained at a high grade, and expanded rapidly in harmony with the constant growth of the city. In 1867 the village of East Cleveland was annexed to the city of Cleveland. The former had a school system of its own, with a high school, which it was agreed should be retained until half the councilmen from the annexed district should vote for its abolition. In accordance with this agreement three high schools were maintained in Cleveland for over eleven years. Eight years later Newburg was annexed, and it too, had a high school, which became a part of the Cleveland system. Meanwhile the needs of the Central high school were rapidly outgrowing the accommodations of the building in which it had been domiciled. It was deemed best, instead of increasing its size or building a new one in the same locality, for the use of the same district, to erect one of ample size near the centre of the whole district east of the river. The consent of " half" the councilmen from the old territory of East Cleveland having been obtained, a resolution to that effect was unanimously adopted by the council on the 2d day of April, 1877. The work was completed in less than a year and a half, the new building being dedicated on tho 3d day of December, 1878. The point selected was on the west side of -Willson avenue (the old line between Cleveland and East Cleveland) near Cedar avenue, an open, healthful, central and most desirable location, although it would seem as if a larger amount of land should have been secured, even if it was necessary to put up with a smaller amount of building. The general arrangement of the edifice was planned by Andrew J, Rickoff, superintendent of instruction, while the architectural design, selected from those of six competitors, was that of Captain Levi T. Scofield of Cleveland, The extreme length of the building is one hundred and sixty-two feet and the extreme width, including both wings, one hundred and thirty- eight feet eight inches. The Night from the ground to the cornice is seventy-two feet four inches, and to the top of the spire one hundred and sixty-eight feet. The style of architecture is South German Gothic, of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, while the material is principally of the various kinds of sandstone found in Cuyahoga county and vicinity. There are twenty-five rooms in the building, of which fourteen are school rooms, each thirty-seven by thirty, and sixteen feet high, and one of the others is an assembly room, ninety-four feet by fifty-six, and about thirty-eight feet high. Great care was also paid to the subjects of ventilation and heating, and taken al- SCHOOLS AND LIBRARIES - 315 together the building may be considered one of the model school houses of the United States. In the year 1868 "supervising principals" were appointed to take the immediate direction of the teachers in the "grammar" and primary schools. The city is now divided into two districts, under the charge of supervising principals; one comprising all east of Erie street, and of Brownell south of the south end of Erie, the other embracing all west of that line, on both sides of the river. This is the most important change which has been made since 1860. The supervising principals do all that principals ordinarily do except teach. They assign scholars to classes, direct the studies and maintain the discipline of the schools-acting on the reports on the teachers. By this means the board of education is enabled to employ ladies as beads of the schools, whose time is employed principally in teaching. A normal school, for the sole purpose of training teachers to take charge of the city schools, was established in 1874. The system is now very complete as to organization, and the schools are well supplied with buildings; so that no important changes in regard to either are likely to be made for many years to come. We close with a brief account of the schools as they now are. Of the lower grades there are thirty-eight, with a total registered attendance of twenty-one thousand seven hundred and twenty-one, according to the reports of the present year, as yet unpublished, for which we are indebted to the courtesy of Mr. Rickoff, the present superintendent. The number of scholars just mentioned is distributed as follows: Bolton school, 384; Brownell, 1,682; Case, 1,333; Charter Oak, 125; Clark, 251; Crawford, 38; Detroit, 818; Dunham, 68; Eagle, 381; Euclid, 216; Fairmount, 287; Garden, 227; Gordon, 217; Hicks, 833; Independence, 40; Kentucky, 934; Kinsman, 157; Lovejoy, 60; Madison, 153; Marion, 44; Mayflower, 1303; Meyer, 69; North, 630; Orchard, 1482; Outhwaite, 1834; Quincy, 124; Ridge, 42; Rockwell, 1,160; St. Clair, 1,087; South, 161; Sterling, 1,508; Tremont, 1,196; Union Mills, 211; Wade, 973; Walnut, 726; Warren, 772; Woodland, 75; York, 52. Besides there were sixty-five in the Normal school, seven hundred and forty-seven in the Central high school, and two hundred and eleven in the West high school, making a total in the higher grade schools of one thousand and twenty, and a grand total of twenty-two thousand seven hundred and forty-one. To give instruction to this great number of children, no less than three hundred and ninety-four teachers are employed; two in the Normal school; seventeen in the Central high school, nine in the West high school, and three hundred and sixty-six in the grammar and primary schools. It should be understood that many of these are special teachers, (in drawing, music and penmanship) who do not give, and are not paid for giving, their whole time. The principal salaries paid are as follows: The superintendent receives $3,300 per year; the principal of the Central high school, $2,400; his first assistant, $1,600; the principal of the West high school, $2,000; his first assistant, $1,500; supervising principals, $2,000; principal in German, $1,500; principal in music, $2,000; principal in drawing, $1,700; principal in penmanship, $1,500; principal of the normal school, $2,100; assistant in normal school, $1,000; principals of the grammar and primary schools, from $1,000 to $750; teachers of German, from $700 to $650; teachers in grammar and primary schools, from $625 to $400, according to grade of service, experience and merit. Of all the teachers but thirty-five are males, while three hundred and fifty-nine are females. The present superintendent is Andrew J. Rickoff; the principal of the Central high school is Z. P. Taylor; of the West high school, J. H. Shults; of the normal school, Oliver Arey. The supervising principal of the first district is H. M. James; that of the second district is L. W. Day. The superintendents of instruction since Mr. Freese, who closed his service in 1861, have been L. M. Oviatt, who served two years; Anson Smyth (ex-State commissioner of schools) who served four years, and the present superintendent, who has been at the head of the department twelve years. The Normal school was four years under the charge Alexander Forbes, and one year under that of Elroy M. Avery (previously, for many years at the head of the East high school). We have thus given an outline history (we could do no more) of one of the very foremost institutions of Cleveland; one which has contributed very much indeed to its past welfare, and upon which it must depend for its future welfare to a still greater extent as the period of its extraordinary growth necessarily merges into one of more moderate and steady prosperity, as the remarkable facilities for money making becomes somewhat less fruitful, and as the people naturally address themselves with more earnest ness toward the deeper problems and higher enjoyments of life. THE URSULINE ACADEMY. This institution was organized by Bishop Rappe, in August, 1850. The first Ursuline Sisters, four in number, came from Boulogne sur mer, France. In the same year the property on Euclid avenue was purchased, at a cost of $12,000, since which time many changes and improvements have been made. The present Mother Superior has had charge of the academy since its foundation, with the exception of two intermissions of three years each. The institution was incorporated in August, 1854, and chartered as a college, with the power to grant diplomas and confer degrees. In June, 1874, the corporation purchased thirty-seven acres of land on the lake shore, in Euclid, upon which a spacious boarding-school and college is in course of erection. In the academy the Ursuline Sisters conduct a day-school. They also teach in sev- 316 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND, eral of the female schools attached to the different Catholic churches throughout the city. Of the Catholic schools for boys and girls there are no less than sixteen, viz: Immaculate Conception parish school, St. John's parochial school, St. Augustine's school, St. Bridget's school, St. Columba's academy, St. Columbkill's sohool, St. Joseph's school, Church of the Holy Family school, St. Malachi's school, St. Mary's school, St. Mary's of the Annunciation school, St. Patrick's school, St. Peter's school, St. Prokop's school, St. Stephen's school: and St. Wenceslaus' school. Besides these there is St. Mary's theological seminary, a flourishing institution for the instruction of candidates for the priesthood. THE BROOKS SCHOOL. A stranger who should chance to be passing the Ontario Street Tabernacle on an exhibition night, and should be attracted by the ringing sound of military command and the sturdy tramp of time-keeping feet, would perhaps be surprised, on entering the building, to find all this martial clamor emanating from a few score of school-boys, many of them mere children and none having arrived at man's estate. Yet, as he watched the accuracy of their movements with the rifle, observed the energy with which they wheeled their heavy cannon into position, and gazed admiringly on their muscle straining exercise with the saber, he would be compelled to admit that, though not Mien, they gave ample promise of being competent to play well their part when the responsibilities of manhood should rest upon them. Yet the Brooks School, at one of the exhibitions of which we have supposed the stranger to be present, is by no means a military institution, but a classical and English school, whereof martial training is only an adjunct. Its originator was the late Rev. Frederick Brooks, from whom it takes its name, but he did not live to carry his design into effect. His unfinished plans were taken up in 1874, and with such modifications and improvements as were deemed necessary, were carried out by Mr. John S. White, a graduate of Harvard University, and for three years a master in the Boston Public Latin School. His success has been of the most pronounced character, not only in securing a numerous attendance, but in maintaining the best discipline and imparting the most thorough instruction. An officer of the United States army is detailed to take charge of the military instruction of the students. OTHER PRIVATE SCHOOLS. There are several other excellent private schools in the city, including the Cleveland Female Seminary, a boarding and day school for young ladies, established in 1854, under the auspices of the Protestant Episcopal Church; the Cleveland Academy, on Huron street, a day school for young ladies, founded in 1861; Logan Avenue Seminary, and several others. THE CLEVELAND LIBRARY ASSOCIATION. This beneficent society traces its ancestry along a line in which there are several long breaks, to the year 1811, when an attempt was made to establish a small library by an association of seventeen Clevelanders. The war of 1812, and the " hard times " which followed it, soon caused the overthrow of this well meant institution. The next effort, of which there is any account, in the way of intellectual improvement, outside of the schools, was the Cleveland Forum, established about 1824, which flourished for several years, being devoted principally to debates. This, too, finally disappeared. In 1833 a lyceum was formed, which gave its efforts entirely to debates until 1835, when it established a reading room, which was sustained by the contributions of the citizens. In 1836 the Young Men's Literary association was organized, which set itself to work in earnest to form a library. For a time it met with marked success, collecting more than a thousand volumes and enlisting much interest. But as in the case first named so in this one, the financial disasters of the period blighted its energies, and although it struggled on until 1843, yet it was never able to get firmly rooted in the intellectual soil of the city. In the year last named it was dissolved, and the books were scattered among the members and others. Once more, in 1845, a similar effort was made by the more enterprising and intellectual young men of Cleveland, who united under the former name of the Young Men's Literary Association, and devoting themselves principally to the collection of a library. This time the .attempt was successful, and amid the general prosperity the youthful institution gained a footing which has only grown firmer with advancing years. In 1848 it was legally incorporated, with two hundred shares of stock at $10 each, the name being changed to the Cleveland Library Association: It maintained a course of lectures for many years, but these were subordinate to the library, and their profits, often netting from $1,000 to $2,000 per year, were faithfully applied to increase the number of books. After having for several years occupied a small room on Superior street, it was removed in 1851 to the Herald building; again, in 1856, to No. 221 Superior street, and finally in 1862 to the " Case building." At this place it received a perpetual lease of the rooms it still occupies, from the heirs of Mr. William Case, who had been a warm friend of the institution, and who was understood to have designed those rooms for its use when planning the block. This relieved it from paying rent, but its resources were still meagre, being derived principally from membership fees of three dollars per year and occasional small donations. In 1870 the charter of the association was changed so that, instead of being controlled by annually elected trustees, it was to be managed by five direc- THE CLEVELAND BAR - 317 tors for life. Those first chosen were Samuel Williamson, James Barnett, H. M. Chapin, William Bingham and B. A. Stallard. Soon afterwards Mr. Leonard Case presented the institution with an endowment of 825,000, and in the summer of the Centennial he astonished the trustees and the city by an extraordinary act of munificence-nothing less than the gift to the association of the Case block, in which the library was located, valued at three hundred thousand dollars, and actually producing an income of near twenty thousand dollars per year! This splendid gift has of course placed the association out of danger of want, and has enabled the directors to make large additions to their literary stores. The dues have been reduced to one dollar per year. The room occupied by the association has been filled to its utmost capacity, with over twelve thousand volumes, some of them very rare and valuable works. A competent force of librarians is employed, and is generally kept busy in attending to the wants of the public. Besides those who loan books, numerous readers are constantly at the tables examining books and magazines. In short, there is little doubt that the association has entered on a long career of prosperity and usefulness, which cannot but reflect the highest honor on its munificent friend. From the fact that it is located in the Case building, and from the deep impression neade by the gift just mentioned, the institution is commonly called the Case library, though the real name remains as before—the Cleveland Library Association. THE PUBLIC LIBRARY. The Cleveland Public Library was originated in 1853, but did not attain very high standing until 1867 when the law authorized the board of education to consolidate the old school libraries and to impose a tax for the support of a single public library. After being• located in various rooms, and leasing permanent quarters for several years in the city hall building, it has at length been established in a place admirably suited to its needs. On the removal of the Central high school, in September, 1878, to the new structure of Willson avenue, the old high-school building on Euclid avenue, near Erie street, was refitted and appropriated for the use of the public library, the board of education, and other officials of the schools. The second and third stories are devoted to the use of the library. It contains twenty-six thousand volumes, mostly of a popular character, such as are desirable for circulation among the children of the schools and the citizens generally. About three thousand valuable scientific and historical works, however. have been placed in a room by themselves, from which they are not allowed to be taken, being used only for reference. It is intended to add five thousand volumes annually to the collection, but the expense of refitting and removing to the new quarters has prevented its being done during the present year. The library is free to all residents of the city, and strangers who desire to examine works in the building are most courteously entreated. THE CLEVELAND LAW LIBRARY. This institution was founded by the Cleveland Law Library Association in 1871, and is located in the court-house. Since its establishment a law has been passed devoting a part of the fines collected in the police court to its support, and making it free to all members of the bar. It is still, however, under the control of the association. It contains about four thousand volumes, many of them of great antiquity and value. THE KIRTLAND SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCE. This institution was founded and incorporated in the summer of 1869, under the leadership of Dr. Jared Potter Kirtland, from whom it was named, In 1870 it became a department of the Cleveland Library Association. Its museum is in the third story of the Case building. Here may be seen finely mounted specimens of beasts, birds, fishes, reptiles and insects from all parts of the country, and some from foreign lands; nearly all donated by eminent citizens of Cleveland. Among these benefactors are William Case, R. K. Winslow, John Fitzpatrick and Dr, Kirtland. Though it lacks the popular interest attaching to the library, yet the museum has many visitors, and cannot but exercise a beneficial influence. CHAPTER LXIV. THE CLEVELAND BAR. Samuel Huntington—Alfred Kelley—Reuben Wood—Samuel Cowles— Leonard Case—John W. Wiley—A Remarkable Coincidence—Four out of Five still Living—Hard Work—Samuel Starkweather and Samuel Williamson—The admissions of 1835—Thomas Bolton, Moses Kelly, Henry B. Payne and Hiram V. Willson—Outspoken Language— Franklin T. Backus—Rufus P. Spalding. As already mentioned, the bar of Cleveland began its existence with the location at that point of Samuel Huntington, of Connecticut, in the spring of 1801. His practice, however, was of infinitesimal quantity, and it is doubtful whether he had a single case in a court of record, nor because the people were unwilling to trust him, but because there was no business to be transacted. Cleveland, east of the Cuyahoga, (the only portion then settled) being a part of Trumbull county, it was almost sixty miles in a straight line through the woods to the county seat at Warren, and much farther by any practicable route, and the people were far too poor to seek the more expensive kinds of legal redress under such difficulties. Mr. Huntington may have occasionally tried a case before a justice of the peace, but that was nearly or quite the sum of his practice. He plunged into politics, however, with such zeal as to occupy his time quite fully, and being, in the spring of 1803, appointed one of the judges of the 318 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. supreme court of Ohio, he gave up whatever trifling practice he may have had, to devote himself to his judicial duties. He removed from the county before leaving the bench, which he did only to accept the office of governor from the people, and consequently his practice in Cleveland, slight as it was, ceased in 1803. After the removal of Judge Huntington, in 1807, the bar of Cleveland had not even a nominal existence for over three years, unless we make an exception in the case of Stanley Griswold, who, we believe, was a member of the profession, and who located at " Doan's Corners" in 1808. He remained, however, but two years, and had no practice worth mentioning. The first Clevelander who became a permanent practitioner was Alfred Kelley, who had the remarkable experience of being admitted to the bar and appointed prosecuting attorney on the day he became twenty-one years old, which was in November, 1810, a year and a half after Cleveland had been made the seat of justice of Cuyahoga county, and six months after that county had been duly organized by the election and appointment of the necessary officers of justice. Even Mr. Kelley's practice was not extensive. Competition is said to be the life of business, and certainly it must be not only lonesome but unprofitable for a lawyer to practice law alone. Mr. Kelley usually acted as prosecuting attorney in the few criminal cases which were tried in this county; his adroitness was frequently tested in suits before justices of the peace, and occasionally he contested civil actions in courts of record with counsel resident in other counties. Mr. Kelley was a man of unquestioned ability and great industry, and withal of good personal presence, whose broad forehead covered an ample brain; whose thin, firm lips, betokened an unbending will, and whose clear, blue eye reflected the workings of a candid mind. Possessing the entire confidence of his fellow citizens, he was several times elected to represent them in the legislature, and in 1822 was appointed canal commissioner. After the construction of the canal was begun, in 1825, he devoted himself entirely to that work, and his subsequent career is narrated in the sketch of his life, which is published a little farther on. The second practitioner came in 1818, a remarkably tall and slender Vermonter, twenty-six years old, six feet three or four inches high, with a keen eye, a sharp face, fair professional knowledge, unbounded energy and great skill in adapting himself to the exigencies of frontier law-practice. This was Reuben Wood, destined to marked prominence as an advocate, as a judge, and finally as governor of the State. With two lawyers in the place business began to grow brisk, and the active young man from the Green Mountains soon showed himself quite able to compete with his earlier rival, or with any one else he was likely to meet in this part of the country. .Not, perhaps, so pro foundly versed in old book-law as a barrister of the Inner Temple might deem necessary, he had a first-rate practical knowledge of the law necessary to use before an Ohio jury, and had all his knowledge and all his faculties at perfect command during the trial of a case. In the increasing prosperity of the village and county he speedily made his way into a first-rate practice. His career as a public man is outlined in. the sketch published in this work. Samuel Cowles, who came about 1819, was an. entirely different type of man. Thoroughly read in the law, cautious, industrious and reliable, he lacked the dash of Mr. Wood, and failed to make as rapid headway either in public life or as a jury lawyer. He, however, did a large and lucrative business; being one of the safest of counselors, and being implicitly trusted by numerous eastern clients. " His word was. as good as his bond," say those who knew him, and in the long run this perfect reliability of character produced its natural results in the acquisition of some of the best kind of business. Some people were a little disposed to sneer at him as "Father Cowles," but "Father Cowles " kept on. the even tenor of his way and met with no small share of success. In 1837 he was appointed a judge of the court of common pleas, and died while holding that office. Leonard Case, a man of somewhat similar type to. Mr. Cowles, who came to Cleveland in 1816, did not attempt to practice law until several years later. In fact, he never did a general business; his legal knowledge being confined principally to the laws relating to land in the State of Ohio. On this subject he was unsurpassed and perhaps unequaled, and, as he was one of the most upright of men, his counsel in regard to the law of real estate was considered of great value. As his property increased, however, he withdrew from the practice of law altogether, attending only to his land business. His long and beneficent career is elsewhere mentioned in this work. John W. Willey, a native of New Hampshire, and a graduate of Dartmouth College, came to Cleveland in 1822, . at the age of twenty-five, and speedily acquired a good practice. More feeble in body, his type of mind was something like that of his competitor, Mr. Wood—prompt, alert, vigorous, ingenious, fairly well versed in the law, and extremely well versed in human nature. These were the qualities most conducive to rapid success, and Messrs. Wood and Willey were soon noted as good jury lawyers, and for a time almost monopolized that class of business. Mr. Willey was also an active politician, served. several years in the legislature, and was finally appointed president judge of this judicial circuit, and died in that office in 1841. The only person who is known to have joined the Cleveland bar between 1823 and 1826 was Woolsey Welles, a brother-in law of Alfred Kelley, who was. admitted in 1823, but remained only two or three years. THE CLEVELAND BAR - 319 But after the canal was begun and the possibilities of Cleveland began to develop themselves, those who had previously had control of the legal field were not long left to its unchallenged occupancy. And now we come to the most remarkable coincidence we have met with during our labors as a local historian. In the year 1826, fifty-three years ago, five young men, from twenty-one to twenty-six years old, residents of Cleveland, were admitted to the liar. These were Horace Foote, William McConnell, Harvey Rice, .John W. Allen and Sherlock J. Andrews. Messrs. McConnell, Rice and Allen were admitted together by the circuit court in the summer; Mr. Foote was also admitted in the summer, though separately from the others. Mr. Andrews went to Columbus in December and obtained admission. Of those five young lawyers, four are now living, and all are residents of Cleveland. Every one of those who made Cleveland his permanent home is still living in that city. Mr. McConnell, who was a native of Virginia, practiced only a year or two in Cleveland, then returned to Wheeling, in that State, and served awhile as a member of the Virginia legislature, but died there nearly forty years ago. Mr. Foote went to New England soon after being admitted, and remained there until 1836, when he returned to Cleveland, where lie has ever since resided. That four out of five young men, thus thrown together, should survive the vicissitudes of American life until all are nearly eighty years old is very remarkable indeed; that in this changeful western world, and especially on the western side of the Alleghanies, they sheuld all four, after so long a period, be residents of the same city in which, then a feeble village, they resided on their admission to professional life, is something little less than marvelous. Moreover, all the four were natives of New England, and all have met with marked success in their respective careers. Two (Messrs. Allen and Andrews) have been members of congress; Messrs. Andrews and Foote have been-judges, and Mr. Rice was long known as a prominent citizen and a successful man of business. Certainly one must needs be tempted to doubt the prevalent opinion that American life conduces to break down the health and strength of the people. Cleveland could now be said to have a bar instead of only two or three smart practitioners. Mr. Rice devoted himself more to other labors than to those of the legal profession, and Mr. Foote, as has been said, spent the next ten years at a distance; but Messrs. Allen and Andrews entered at once into the active business of their profession. It is more difficult to speak of the professional acquirements of these than of those who have passed away. Mr. Allen's ability and activity are shown by the fact that in tell rears hum the time he was admitted to the bar, and while only thirty-four years of age, he was elected to a seat in the national house of representatives. Judge Andrews' extraordinary powers of labor and endurance are amply evidenced by his continuance in the active duties of his profession for fifty-three years, and until the great age of seventy-eight. And it was no light labor, even physically, that the lawyers of fifty rears ago had to perform. Only two or three sessions of the higher courts were held at Cleveland during the year. Others were held in surrounding counties, and the lawyers frequently had to travel with the courts from one county to another to attend to the business of their-widely-scattered constituency. In stage-coaches which bounded with joint-racking severity over the stumps and roots of the forest roads; in sleighs, in which an ample supply of buffalo robes scarcely protected the inmates from frosted ears and noses; often on horseback, making their way through mud of unconscionable depth, the disciples of Blackstone had no easy road to follow in their pursuit of fame and fortune. As Cleveland increased in population, business became more concencentrated, and for the last thirty years it has only been on extraordinary occasions that counsel have been required to go elsewhere to try their cases, and then the ready railway has deprived the journey of all its ancient terrors. After the large crop of enduring young lawyers admitted in 1826, there were no other admissions of Clevelanders to the bar until 1831, when there was one. There was at least one accession in the meantime, however, that of Samuel Starkweather, who came in 1827. He was a native of Rhode Island, and a graduate of Brown University, in that State. A man of decided natural ability, he gave himself as much to politics as to law; was collector of customs under Presidents Jackson and Van Buren; was elected mayor of the city in 1844, and was chosen a judge of the common pleas in 1852, serving five years. In 1832 occurred the first admission of one who had been bred from extreme youth at Cleveland. This was Samuel Williamson, who practiced successfully until 1872, (except while county auditor for eight years), and who was especially skillful in the management of complicated cases connected with real estate and with the property of deceased persons. In 1833 there were two admissions, one of those admitted being John C. Foote, son of Senator Foote, of Connecticut, whose resolutions—"Foote's Resolutions "—gave rise 'o the celebrated debate between Webster and Rayne. Philip Battell, one of the two admitted in 1K4, was a son-in-law of Senator Seymour, of Vermont, an inveterate reader, thoroughly informed on almost every subject, but not so enamored of labor as to address himself seriously to the difficult task of making a place for himself among the hard-working, wide-awake members of the Cleveland bar. He practiced here but a short time, and then returned to Vermont. In 1835 the number of Clevelanders admitted rose to seven, the list being headed by the name of G. W. Lynde, who is still a resident of the city. Flavel W. Bingham, one of the others then admitted, became an active practitioner and a most worthy citizen, and 320 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. was long a member of the city council. Seth T. Hurd, also one of the admissions of that year, was a peculiar genius, who had many of the elements of a popular orator. He became, in fact, more famous as a stump-speaker than as a lawyer, and after a few years stay in Cleveland went to Washington, Pennsylvania, where he died. Another of the men of 1835 was John Barr, a well read lawyer and a most excellent man, who was police judge of Cleveland several years, and who deserves especial mention in a work of this character on account of the intelligent interest which he took in the history of Northern Ohio, and the labor which he spent in collecting manuscripts bearing on that subject. H. L. Hosmer, likewise admitted in that year, was a student of Hon. J. W. Allen. He soon went west, where he had an active career. He was a few years since chief justice of Montana Territory, and is now a resident of San Francisco, California. But the most distinguished of the graduates of that year was Thomas Bolton, a native of Cayuga county, New York, and a graduate of Harvard University, who had arrived at Cleveland the year before, and who very speedily took high rank both as a sound lawyer and a brilliant advocate. Such was his ability and popularity that in four years after his admission he was elected prosecuting attorney on the Democratic ticket, although the county usually gave a Whig majority of fifteen hundred. A large full-faced- man, with ample forehead, open countenance and frank demeanor, his nature corresponded to his appearance, and his genial disposition attracted as much admiration as his legal ability. For many years the firm of Bolton and Kelly stood in the front rank of the legal talent of Cleveland. Becoming dissatisfied with the tendencies of the Democracy Mr. Bolton joined the then feeble band of free-soilers in 1848, and aided to organize the Republican party in 1855. By them he was elected judge of the common pleas in 1856, and re-elected in 1861; retiring finally from the bench and bar in 1866. Mr. Bolton's partner, Moses Kelly, a native of Livingston county, New York, who was admitted two years later, was also a graduate of Harvard, and was a man of extraordinary strength of character, whose stern Scotch-Irish features, surmounting a tall, spare form, were the reflex of the unbending soul beneath. Less facile in accommodating himself to circumstances than is usual with Americans, no one ever doubted his great ability or his unflinching principle. Elected to the legislature by the Whigs, he several times opposed with all his might measures supported by his party, and in nearly every instance the justice and soundness of his course were demonstrated by subsequent events so plainly that those who opposed him were compelled to admit the propriety of his action. While they were seeking a politic course he worked from principle, which is itself the highest policy. Another young firm formed at this period, which long stood in the very foremost rank of Cleveland lawyers, was that of ,Payne & Willson, composed of Henry B. Payne and Hiram V. Willson. These gentlemen, both natives of Madison county, New York, and both graduates of Hamilton College in that county, came to Cleveland in 1833, entered into partnership, and for twelve years pursued a professional career of very remarkable success. For several years they brought two hundred and fifty cases in the court of common pleas annually, and defended nearly twice as many. Mr. Payne retired from the profession in 1845, on account of ill health:, a sketch of his life is given a few pages farther on. Mr. Willson remained in it until 1854, when he was appointed by President Pierce the first judge of the newly created Northern District of Ohio. Though a strong Democrat in politics, he was unflinchingly impartial upon the bench, and upon the outbreak of- the rebellion he did not hesitate to take the most decisive stand in favor of the maintenance of the government. In a charge to the grand jury at that period he said: " Let the motives of the conspirators be what they may, this open,. organized and armed resistance of the United States is treason, and those engaged in it justly merit the penalty denounced against traitors."' In January, 1864, when excitement was running high in opposition to the draft, and many of his colleagues were denying its constitutionality, Judge Willson delivered a charge clearly showing its accordance with the Constitution, and the duty of all good citizens to obey the law. Judge Willson died in November, 1866, respected by men of both parties and of all conditions. Franklin T. Backus, a native of Berkshire county, Massachusetts, and a graduate of Yale college, was of a somewhat later period, having been born in 1813 and admitted to the bar from the office of Bolton & Kelly in 1839. He soon became a partner of Jesse P, Bishop, and the firm was maintained for fifteen years. Mr. Backus was a good lawyer and a Most honorable man. His ability was recognized by the public, and he was twice nominated for judge of the the supreme court of the State; failing to be elected only because his party was defeated. Judge Bishop, his partner, is a native of Vermont but is a graduate of Western Reserve College at Hudson in this State, and was one of the very first graduates of that college—we think the first-to be admitted to the Cleveland bar. His success as a lawyer and jurist is well known. Any notice of the bar of Cleveland would be incomplete which did not mention the veteran, Rufus P. Spalding, who has reached the age of eighty-one years and is still one of the leading minds of the city. Born on the Island of Martha's Vineyard in the State of Massachusetts, he was graduated from Yale college in 1817 and, after admission to the bar, practiced for thirty years in Trumbull, Portage and Summit counties in this State. After three years' service on the bench of the supreme court, he removed to Cleveland in 1852, and at once took a leading position at the THE CLEVELAND BAR - 321 bar of that city. Elected to congress in 1862, he entered that hody at the age of sixty-five, and for six consecutive years performed the duties of a representative with a faithfulness which many younger men might well have emulated, and achieving a reputation which very few indeed of his colleagues surpassed, After passing the age of seventy he retired from public life but did not abandon his interest in public affairs, and even yet the voice of the octogenarian lawyer, judge and congressman is occasionally heard in favor of the policy he considered to be sound and the principles he believes to be right. We have now reached the point where we begin to meet the names of those who are still in the active practice of their profession. In fact, we have already casually mentioned one or two of the oldest of them, but have no intention of attempting to settle the relative merits of the present members of such a very active and belligerent profession. We subjoin a list of those residents of Cleveland and the immediate vicinity who, according to the records of the court, have been admitted to the bar from 1810 to the present time. This does not include accessions from abroad, who formed a large part of the bar, especially in the early days, some of whom have been mentioned, some of whom are still residents here and some of whom have moved away or died, denying but a faint trace behind. RESIDENTS OF CLEVELAND AND VICINITY ADMITTED TO THE BAR. 1810—Alfred Kelley. 1823—Woolsey Welles. 1826—William McConnell, Horace Foote, Harvey Rice, John W. Allen Sherlock J. Andrews. 1831—Austin C. Penfield. 1833—John A. Foote, E. H. Thompson. 1834—Philip Bette11, Lucius Royce. 1835—Geo. W. Lynde, F. W. Bingham, Seth T. Hurd, G. W. Cochran, Elijah Bingham, John Barr, Thomas Bolton, H. L. Hosmer. 1836—Simeon Ford, Lord Sterling, C. L. Russell, Orson St. John. 1837—Geo. W. Stanley, Moses Kelly, Finlay Strong. 1839—Abram D. Smith, Samuel E. Adams, Franklin T. Backus. 1840—F. J. Prentiss, C. T. Blakeslee, William Strong, Royal Stewart. 1842—Alvah B. Haight. 1843—John E. Cary. 1844—Chas. L. Fish, Samuel L. Mather, A. G. Lawrence, Jas. A. Cody. 1845—Samuel W. Treat, James Wade, Jr., Nicholas Bartlett, George B. Merwin. 1846—William F. Giddings, David D. C. Porter, Samuel W. Holladay. 1847—R. C. Mcllrath. 1848—James Fitch, Amos Coe, R. B. Dennis. 1849—Chas. W. Noble, Anthony McReynolds, E. O. Clemens. 1851—Jas. R. Skinner, Henry N. Johnson, B. R. Beavis, Sam'l Ross, Jas. O. Duffy, A. S. Russell. 1852—Wm. R. Cameron, Maurice Deitze, Edward H. Thayer. 1853—J. S. Stephenson, Jas. H. Paine, C. iv. Palmer, Wm. A. Husband. 1854-Merrill Barlow, P. A. Gollier, Wm. Collins, L. C. Thayer, Theodore R. Chase, Louis Ritter, B. H. Fisher, O'Connor B. Duncan, J. M. Adams, E. C. Kinsman, H. P. Platt, John W. Heisley. 1855—P. H. Breslin, J. E. Ingersoll. 1836—Jos. M. Poe, Frederick Hovey, Frederick T. Wallace, Wm. J. Boardman, N. S. Cozad, Lewis W. Ford, Geo. S. Clapp, J. H. Clapp. 1857—Sam'l Starkweather, Jr., Chas. C. Baldwin, Chas. Arnold. 1858--W. S. Stetson, Felix Nicola, Eli Bruce, Jas. S. Brown. 1859—Augustus Van Buren, Geo. S. Mygatt, Isaac Buckingham, Ira Bristol, M. A. Woodward, Wm. H. Champion, H. D. Paul, Jos. F. Riddle. 1860—Wm. W. Cushing, Jas. H. Hartness, Wm. N. Eyles, Wm. V. Tousley, G. S. Wheaton, J. H. Weld, H. S. Camp, D. K. Carter, Jas. R. Swigart, John Friend, John W. Steele. 1861—Frank H. Kelley, J. C. Hill, J. H. Hardy, J. D. Fisher, J. C. Hale, A. T. Brinsmade, Geo. S. Benedict, Jas. J. Fowler, Horace Clark, Jas. A. Clapp, T. S. Gurney, W. H. Burridge, Jas. W. Smith, R. E. Mix, Sid ney G. Brock, Wm. W. Hutchinson, Geo. A. Kolbe, H. S. Seamon, John G. Fay, Jr., E. C. Preston. 1862—G. N. Tuttle, S. F. Geil, H. C. White, Wm. H. Taylor, Isaac E. Craig, B. F. Ludlow, Ivory Plaisted, A. G. Quintrell. 1863—J. F. Herrick, Jas. M. Towner, M. G. Watterson, L. A. Russell, E. D. Stark. 1864—Hosea Townsend, C. W. Noble, J. M. Henderson, J. T. Green, D. L. Calkins. 1865—Liberty Ware, Albert Allyn. 1866—Wm. H. Gaylord, P. W. Payne, S. E. Williamson, Semi M. Eddy. 1867--Isidore Roskoph, Geo. H. Foster, Chas. M. Vorce, Gustav Schmidt, W. W. Pancrost. 1868---A. R. Mills, C. L. Richmond, C. M. Stone. F. M. Keith, Jr., Win. G. Rose. 1869—A. T. Brewer, Arnold Green, G. W. Van Rensselaer, Lucien N. Gilbert, Geo. T. Chapman. 1870. Frank A. Judd, A. Y. Eaton. R. L. Holden, J. H. Webster, Augustus Zehring. H. W. Payne. 1871. L. A. Willson, Jos. W. Sykora, Wm. Clark, F. H. Bierman, John T. Weh A. L. Renaoehl, Dan'l Stephan, Geo. A. Groot, E. W. Goddard. Wm. A. Wilcox, H. W. Canfield. Sylvester Gardner, Waldemer Otis, W. K. Smith. 1872. N. M. Flick, Geo. A. Galloway. Marcus E. Cozad, U. H. Birney, S. M. Stoneo O. J. Campbell. J. P. Dowley, John A. Smith F. C. Fadner, Delos Cook, John IV. McGuier, Chas. R. Withicomb, John P. Green, James Quale, Thos. Ewing Geo. F. Peck. 1873. Wm. H. Sprague, Geo. Schindler. C. C. Lowe, O. C. Pinney, Geo. D. Hinsdale, F. A. Brand. Wm. E. Sherwood, Wm. E. Adams, John C. Coffey. 1874. L. M. Schwan, F. A. Beecher, Wm. McReynolds, E. M. Wilson, Frank P. Sykora Milo W. Brand, Frank H. Spencer, E. J. Foster, Jas. B. Fraser O. G. Getzendanner, S. A. Schwab, Frank Strauss. 1875. C. W. Coates J. W. Ball. F. B. Avery, M. M. Hobart, Wm. B. Sanders, Robt. T. Morrow, E. J. Blandin, Alex. Hadden, F. R. Merchant. H. L. Robinson, Geo. Solders, E. B. Blickensderfer. 1876—John R. Ranney, L. J. P. Bishop, E. J. Latimer. George C. Dodge, Jr., A. C. Hord, Thomas H. Graham, E. K. Wilcox, H. P. Bates. Wm. H. Hawkins, Joseph T. Logue, F. W. Cadwell, J. B. Buxton, L. B. Eager, Wm. M. Lottridge, T. D. Peck, J. H. Schneider, John E. Ensign, Gustave Young, 1877—John J. Morgan, Jr., James M. Nowak, Charles W. Guernsey, R. R. Holden, Myrom T. Herrick, D. A. Matthews. A. R. Odell, Thos. Evans, Guy W. Kinney, Wm. H. DeWitt, James H Hoyt, Chas, M. Copp, Wm. H. Osborne, P. L. Kessler, Martin Dodge, Jacob Schroeder, Peter Zucker, John T. Beggs, Thomas Robinson. 1878—Clark M. Watson, J. F. Wilcoxon. Samll Osterhold, C. L. Holtze, Richard Bacon, O. B. Benton, G. A. Brunck, Archibald McKee, F. N. Wilcox, H. C. Ford, Joseph C. Poe, Seth S. Wheeler, P. W. Ward, W. F. Rudy, Frederick Weizman, Wm. E. Cushing, Thos. L. Johnson, James P. Wilson, William H. Rose, R. D. Mix, O. L. Sadler, Samuel S. Marsh. Thos. B. McKearney, 1879—A. J. Sanford, G. A. Laubscher, B C. Stark. CHAPTER LXV. CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST. Trustees of Cleveland Township, arranged by Years of Election—Township Clerks—Township Treasurers—Justices of the Peace—Officers of Cleveland Village, arranged together, by Years of Election—Officers of Ohio City, arranged together, by Years of Election—Officers of the City of Creveland, arranged together, by Years of Election. TOWNSHIP TRUSTEES— With years of Election. 1802, Amos Spafford, Timothy Doan, William W. Williams; 1803, Amos Spafford, T. Doan, James Kingsbury; 1804, T. Doan, J. Kingsbury, Lorenzo Carter. 1805, A. Spafford, David Dille, Augustus Gilbert; 1806, A. Spafford, T. Doan, L. Carter; 1807, A. Spafford, T. Doan, J. Kingsbury; 1808, A. Spafford, T. Doan, A, Gilbert; 1809, A. Spafford, T. Doan, Theodore Miles; 1810, A. Gilbert, L. Carter, James Hamilton. 1811, A. Gilbert, L. Carter, Nathaniel Doan; 1812, A. Gilbert, Philemon Baldwin, Harvey Murray; 1813, A. Gilbert, P. Baldwin, J. Kingsbury; 1814, Rudolphus Edwards, Theodore Miles, Daniel Warren; 1815, Samuel Williamson, Ozias Brainard, N. Doan; 1816, S. Williamson, George Aiken, Horace Perry; 1817, Asa Brainard, Job Doan, Isaac Hinckley, (resigned and S. Williamson elected in his place); 1818, Daniel Kelley, S. Williamson, O. Brainard Jr.; 1819, D. Kelley, S. Williamson, Phineas Shepherd; 1820, Samuel Williamson, Daniel Kelley, Seth C. Baldwin. 1821, Horace Perry, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Eleazer Waterman; 1822, Horace Perry, Eleazer Waterman, Ahimaaz Sherwin; 1823, A. Sherwin, Jr., Eleazer Waterman, S. Williamson; 1824, A. Sherwin, Jr., James Strong, Leonard Case, (resigned and Andrew Logan elected in his place); 1825,, Moses Jewett, Wildman White, E. Waterman; 1826, M. Jewett, W. White, 322 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND. J. Doan; 1827, J. Doan, Peter M. Weddell, Henry L. Noble: 1828,J. Doan. H. L. Noble, Philo scovill: 1829, D. H. Beardsley, Job Doan, H. L. Noble; 1880, W. White, Andrew Cozad, J. Strong. 1831, A. Cozad, P. M. Weddell, A. Sherwin, Sr.: 1832, unknown; 1833, Robert Catlier, P. Scovill, Rufus Dunham: 1834, P. Scovill, Charles L. Camp, Ansel Young; 1835, A. Young, Gurdon Fitch, Sylvester Pease; 1836, Gurdon Fitch, A. Young, John Barr; 1837, Silas Belden, H. H. Dodge, Elias Cozad; 1838, H. H. Dodge, John A. Vincent, T. H. Watkins; 1839, H. H. Dodge, T. H. Watkins, Timothy Ingraham; 1840, R. Cather, P. Scovill, Benjamin Crawford. 1841, J. A. Vincent, 13. Crawford, Abijah Wheeler: 1842, J. A. Vincent, A. Wheeler, E. Cozad; 1843, J. A. Vincent, E. Cozad, George Witherell; .1844, Benjamin Rouse, Horatio Ranney. R. T. Lyon; 1845; H. Ranney, M. M. Spangler, Benjamin C. Walters; 1546, H. Ranney, B. C. Walters, M. M. Spangler; 1847, G. Witherell, Alexander S. Cramer, Benjamin S. Decker; 1848, H. Ranney, John Pritchard, John M. Bailey; 1849, B. L. Spangler. H. Ranney, William T. Goodwin. In 1850 the aldermen of the city of Cleveland were made ex officio trustees of the township. TOWNSHIP CLERKS- With Years of Election. 1802, Nathaniel Doan, re-elected annually until and including 1808; 1809, Stanley Griswold. (Mr. Griswold was elected township clerk immediately after serving a session in the United States Senate.) 1810, Erastus Miles, re-elected annually until and including 1814; 1815, Asa- Walworth, re-elected in 1816 and 1817; 1818, Horace Perry, reelected in 1819 and 1820: 1821, Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1822 and 1823: 1824, John Riddall; 1825, Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1826; 1827, Herschel Foote, re-elected in 1828 and 1829; 1830, S. J. Hamlin; 1831, Dudley Baldwin, re-elected in 1832; 1833. Edward Baldwin; 18:34, Dudley Baldwin; 1835, Edward Baldwin; 1836, George C. Dodge, re-elected in 1837: 1838, Henry Sexton, re-elected in 1839; 1840, F. T. Backus; 1841, Jesse P, Bishop: 1812, Ellery G. Williams, re-elected in 1843: 1844, E. S. Flint; 1845, Loren Prentiss; 1846, Charles L. Fish; 1847, George W. Lynch; 1848, D. W. Cross, re-elected in 1849. In 1850, the city clerk became ex-officio township clerk. TOWNSHIP TREASURERS- With Years of Election. 1804, Timothy Doan; 1805, James Kingsbury; 1806, Lorenzo Carter; 1807, Nathaniel Doan : 1808, N. Doan. 1809, Stanley Griswold; 1810 James Kingsbury: 1811, George Wallace, re elected in 1812 and 1813; 1814, Horace Perry, re-elected in 1815 mid 1816; 1817, David Long, reelected in 1818. 1819 and 1820: 1821, Ashbel W. Walworth, re-elected in 1822; 1823, had: Kelley: 1824, Timothy Watkins; 1825, Herschel Foote, re-elected in 1826: 1827, Daniel Kelley, re-elected in 1828; 1829, Peter M. Weddell ; 1830, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Jr., re-elected in 1831, 1832 aUd 1833: 1834, P. M. Weddell; 1835, Daniel Worley, re-elected in 18:36 and 18:37; 1838, Nicholas Dockstader, re-elected in 1839; 1840, James H. Kelley, re-elected in 1841 and 1842: 1843, George 13. Tibbets; 1844, Henry G. Abbey (resigned and succeeded by William T. Goodwin); 1845, W. T. Goodwin, re-elected in 1846, 1847 and 1848; 1849, George F. Marshall, re-elected in 1850; 1851, D. W, Cross; 1852, S. S. Lyon. The city treasurer then became ex-officio township treasurer.   JUSTICES OF THE PEACE- Elected for Three Years, with Years of Election   1803, Amos Spafford, Timothy Doan; 1806, A. Spafford, Nathaniel Doan, Theodore Miles: 1809, Samuel S. Baldwin, A. Spafford, William Coleman; 1810„ Tames Kingsbury, Erastus Miles; 1811, George Wallace; 1814; Horace Perry; 1815, Samuel Williamson, Cyril Aiken; 1817, Horace Perry; 1818, S. Williamson, 1.. Aiken; 1820, Job Doan, Samuel Cowles.   1821, Eleazer Waterman: 1823, J. Doan, Ashbel W. Walworth; 1824, E. Waterman: 1826, J, Doan, A. W, Walworth; 1827, E. Waterman; 1829, J. Doan, Harvey Rice: 1830, Gordon Fitch: 1831, Orville B. Skinner; 1832, J. Doan ; 1833, Vanrlrm J. Card: 1834, Andrew Cozad; 1815, George Hoadley; 18:36. 0. Fitch: 1837, Samuel Underhill: 1838, A. D, Smith. 0. Hoadley ; 1839, Isaac F. Benedict: 1840, John Day, John Gardner.   1841, G. Hoadley, J. Barr: 1812, I. F. Benedict; 1843, Isaac Sherman, Edward Hessenmueller, Melancthon Barnett: 1844, G. Hoadley J. Barr; 1846, Clouts. L. Fish, M. Barnett, E. Hessenmueller: 1847, J. Barr, James D. Cleveland: 1849, E. Hessenmueller. George B. Tibbits, George W. Lynde: 1850, J. It. Cleveland, J. Barr; 1852, Erastus Smith, E. Hessen- timelier, G. B. Tibbits: 1853. J. T. Philpot. Almon Burgess; 1853, E. Hessenmueller, 0. 13. Tibbits, H. II. Holden; 1856, Isaac C. Vail, George H. Benham, Henry Chapman; 1858. John R. Fitzgerald, Madison Miller, E. Hessenmueller, G. 13. Tibbits, Wells Porter; 1859, G. H. Benham, Samuel Foljambe.   1861, Julius IL Brown. Joseph S. Allen, G. B. Tibbits, E. Hessenmueller, W. Porter; 1862, H. H. Benham J. R. Fitzgerald; 1863, Daniel Stephan, Frederick A. Brand; 1864. George Hester, George A. Kolbe, W. Porter: 1865, G. H. Benham: 1866, F. A. Brand, D. Stephan: 1861, Horace N. Bill. G. Hester. O. A. Kolbe, W. Porter; 1868, George Arnold; 1869, F. A. Brand, D. Stephan; 1870, Edgar Sowers. Homer Strong, David L. Wood, G. A. Kolbe, Perry W. Payne: 1872, George T. Smith, D. Stephan; 1813, John P. Green. H. P. Bates, E. W. Goddard, H. Strong, G. A. Kolbe; 1874, Charles H. Babcock; 1875, Frederick Buehne; 1876, E. W. Goddard, Albert H. Weed, Felix Nicola, A. J. Hamilton. J. P. Green, Truman D. Peck, W. K. Smith, H. P. Bates; 1877, Charles H. Babcock.   OFFICERS OF CLEVELAND VILLAGE- Arranged According to Years of Election.   1815. President, Alfred Kelley (resigned in March, 1816, and his father, Daniel Kelley, appointed): trustees, David Long, Samuel Williamson, Nathan Perry; recorder, Horace Perry: treasurer, Alonzo Carter; marshal, John A. Ackley.   1816. President, D. Kelley: trustees, D. Long. S. Williamson, G. Wallace; recorder, H. Perry; treasurer, Ashbel W. Walworth; marshal, Irad Kelley.   1817. The same.   1818. The same.   1819. President, D. Kelley; trustees, D. Long, S. Williamson, William Bliss; recorder, H. Perry; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, Eleazer Waterman.   1820. President, Horace Perry; (also later, Reuben Wood); trustees, Wildman White, Silas Walworth, Irad Kelley; recorder, Samuel Cowles; (succeeded in August of same year by Reuben Wood); treasurer, A. Walworth; marshal, John Burtis: followed by Harvey Wellman. 1821. President, Leonard Case; trustees, H. Perry, Asahel Abell, Philo Scovill; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, Harvey Wellman.   1822. The same.   1823. President. L. Case; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, Ziba Willis; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal H. Wellman.   1824. President. E. Waterman; trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. NV. Walworth; marshal, H. Wellman.   1825. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell. S. Williamson, H. Perry recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth.   1826. Records incomplete. Trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman; treasurer, A. W. Walworth.   1827. President, H. Perry: trustees, A. Abell, S. Williamson, H. Perry; recorder, E. Waterman (resigned and ()risen Cathan appointed in his place); treasurer, A. W. Walworth.   1828. President, Samuel Cowles; trustees, James S. Clark, D. Long, P. Scovill; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshalo Silas Belden.   1829. President, D. Long; trustees, Peter H. Weddell, Ahimaaz Sherwin, Jr., John W. Allen; recorder, D. H. Beardsley; treasurer, A. W. Walworth; marshal, S. Belden.   1830-31. President, Richard Hilliard; trustees, Thomas P. May, Edmond Clark, Newton E. Crittenden: recorder, James L. Conger; treasurer, Daniel Worley; marshal, S. Belden.   1831. President, R. Hilliard; trustees, T. P. May, E. Clark, N. E. Crittenden; recorder, James L. Conger: treasurer, Daniel Worley; marshal, S. Belden; prosecuting attorney, James L. Conger; office abolished after one year.   1832. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, T. P. May, D. Long, S. Pease; recorder, O. B. Skinner; treasurer, D. Worley; marshal, S. Belden. 1833, President, J. W. Allen; trustees, T. P. May, Nicholas Dockstader, D. Long: recorder, 0. B. Skinner; treasurer, D. Worley: marshal, Richard Bailey.   1834. President, J. W. Allen; trustees, Charles M. Giddings. E. Clark, Elisha T. Sterling (resigned and John O. McCurdy appointed in his stead); recorder, O. B. Skinner (committed suicide, and John A. Foot, appointed in his place); treasurer, Daniel Worley; marshal, William Marshall (died and John Wills appointed in place); surveyor and street commissioner. Ahaz Merchant.   1835-36. President, J. W. Allen (resigned and Samuel Starkweather, appointed in his place); trustees, N. E. Crittenden, Samuel Cook, William Lenten; recorder, Edward Baldwin; treasurer, N. Dockstader; marshal, Elijah Peet ; surveyor and street commissioner, Ahaz Merchant.   OFFICERS OF OHIO CITY - Arranged by Years of Election.   1836. Mayor, Josiah Barber; president of council, Richard Lord; councilmen, Horatio N. Ward, William Burton, Richard Lord, E. Conklin, Francis A. Burrows, C. E. Hill, Luke Risley, Edgar Slaght, E. Folsom, Cyrus Williams Norman C. Baldwin, B. F. Tyler: recorder, Thomas Whelpley, (succeeded by C. L. Russell); treasurer, Asa Foot; marshal, George L. Chapman.   1837. Mayor, Francis A. Burrows: president of council, N. C. Baldwin: councilmen, William Burton, E. Conklin, H. N. Ward, L. Risley, C. E. Hill, N. C. Baldwin, C. Williams. E. Folsom, J. Barber, S. W . Sayles, Daniel Barstow, Edward Bronson: recorder, C. L. Russell, (succeeded by Horace Foote); treasurer, Daniel C. Van Tine; marshal, U. L. Chapman.   1838. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin: president of council, E. Bronson; councilmen, H. N. Ward, C. E. Hill, C. Williams, Charles Winslow, Needham M. Standart, William H. Hill, George C'. Huntington, D. Barstow, E. Bronson, J. Barber, W. Burton, S. W. Sayles: recorder, H. Foote; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. Chapman.   CLEVELAND CIVIL LIST - 323   1839. Mayor, N. C. Baldwin; president of council, C. C. Waller; councilmen, C. L. Russell, C. C. Waller, F. A. Burrows, samuel H. Fox, H. A. Hurlburt, Daniel Sanford, N. M. Standart, H. N. Ward, C. E. Hill, W. H. Hill, C. Williams, C. Winslow; recorder, Horace Foote; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, George L. Chapman.   1840. Mayor, Needham M. Standart; president of the council, C. C. Waller; councilmen, C. L. Russell, C. C. Waller, F. A. Burrows, S. H. Fox, H. A. Hurlburt, D. Sanford, S. W. Sayles, Homer Strong, Andrew White, Benjamin Sheldon, B. F. Tyler, D. H. Lamb; recorder, J. F. Taintor; treasurer, D. C. Van Tine; marshal, G. L. Chapman.   1841. Mayor, N. M. Standart; president of council, Richard Lord; councilmen, S. W. Sayles, B. Sheldon, H. Strong, B. F. Tyler, A. White, C. L. Russell, D. H. Lamb, R. Lord, Albert Powell, Ephraim Wilson, Julius A. Sayles, C. A. Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. H. Fox, marshal, H. Strong.   1842. Mayor, F. A. Burrows; president of council, R. Lord; councilmen, E. Wilson, C. A. Russell, J. A. Sayles, R. Lord, D. C. Van Tine, A. Powell, D. Griffith, H. G. Townsend, G. L. Chapman, Morris Hepburn, S. W. Sayles, B. Sheldon; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N. Ward; marshal, H. Strong.   1843. Mayor, R. Lord; president of council, S. W. Sayles; councilmen, A. Powell, Peter Barker, Thomas Armstrong, L. L. Davis, J. A. Sayles, Seth W. Johnson, C. L. Russell, David Griffith, S. W. Sayles, G. L. Chapman, B. Sheldon, M. Hepburn; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, H. N. Ward; marshal, H. Strong; street supervisor, George Osmun.   1844. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, R. Lord; council_ men, E. T. Sterling, E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. Hunt, B. Sheldon, G. W. Jones, A. Powell, J. A. Sayles, L. L. Davis, S. W. Johnson, P. Barker, C. L. Russell; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. E. Hill; marshal, H. Strong; street supervisor, G. Osmun.   1845. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, R. Lord; councilmen, Joseph B. Palmer, Ambrose Anthony, L. L. Davis, D. Sanford, J. A. Sayles, A. Powell, E. R. Benton, R. Lord, E. T. Sterling, B. Sheldon, G. W. Jones, E. Hunt; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal, Edgar Slaght; street supervisor, George Osmun.   1846. Mayor, D. H. Lamb; president of council, B. Sheldon; councilmen, G. L. Chapman, B. Sheldon, S. W. Turner, G. Folsom. S. W. Johnson, John Beverlin, J. B. Palmer, A. Anthony, D. Sanford, L. L. Davis, A. Powell, J. A. Sayles; recorder, S. W. Sayles; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal, G. Osmun; street supervisor, William H. Newton.   1847. Mayor, David Griffith; president of council, B. Sheldon; councilmen, C. L. Russell, L. Li Davis, R. L. Russell, H. Strong, Philo Moses, Irvine U. Masters, B. Sheldon, G. L. Chapman, S. W. Turner, G. Folsom, S. W. Johnson, J. Beverlin; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. D. White; street supervisor, William Hartness.   1848. Mayor, John Beverlin; president of council, H. Strong ; councilmen, Thomas Lindsay, William S. Levake, James Kirby, F. B. Pratt, D. S. Degroate, H. N. Bissett, C. L Russell, L. L. Davis, H. Strong, I. U. Masters, P. Moses, R. L. Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal, Lyman Whitney; street supervisor, W. H. Newton.   1849. Mayor, Thomas Burnham; president of council, R. B. Platt; councilmen, E. Slaght, E. M. Peck, Uriah Taylor, Martin Smith, A. W. Merrick, J. Beanson, James Kirby, F. B. Pratt, H. N. Bissett, S. C. Degroate, Thomas Lindsay, Mark Harrison; recorder, J. A. Redington; treasurer, C. Winslow; marshal, A. P. Turner; street supervisor, W. H. Newton.   1850. Mayor, Thomas Burnham; president of council, F. B. Pratt; councilmen, C. L. Russell, E. C. Blish, John Kirkpatrick, M. L. Hooker, F. B. Pratt, Thomas Lindsay, Uriah Taylor, A. W. Merrick, E. Slaght, M. Smith, E. M. Peck, J. Beanson; recorder, J. A. Redington; treasurer, G. Folsom; marshal, G. Osmun; street supervisor, W. H. Newton,   1851. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. L. Russell; councilmen, William B. Guyles, D. P. Rhodes, A. Anthony, W. H. Newton, T. Burnham, D. Sanford, F. B. Pratt, E. C. Blish, M. L. Hooker, T. Lindsay, C. L. Russell, John Kirkpatrick; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, G. Folsom; marshal, E. H. Lewis; street supervisor, G. Osmun.   1852. Mayor, Benjamin Sheldon; president of council, C. Winslow; E. C. Blish; councilmen, H. Strong, D. C. Maylor, C. Winslow, E. C. Blish, J. Kirby, H. Crapser, D. Sanford, D. P. Rhodes, W. H. Newton, T. Burnham, W. B. Guyles, A. Anthony; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, Sanford J. Lewis; marshal, Nathan K. McDole: street supervisor, A. C. Beardsley.   1853. Mayor, William B. Castle; president of council, A. Powell; trustees, D. C. Taylor, Wells Porter, Daniel O. Hoyt, Plirumon C. Bennett, A. Powell, Charles L. Rhodes (resigned and A. C. Messenger appointed in his place); recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. K. McDole; street supervisor, N. K. McDole.   1854. Mayor, W. B. Castle; president of council, A. Powell; trustees, W. Porter, P. C. Bennett, Charles W. Palmer. A. C. Messenger, A. Powell, I. U. Masters, Frederick Silberg, Edward Russell; recorder, C. E. Hill; treasurer, S. J. Lewis; marshal, N. K. McDole; street supervisor, D. Griffith.   OFFICERS OF THE CITY OF CLEVELAND— Arranged According to years of Service.*   1836. Mayor, John W. Willey; president of council, Sherlock J. Andrews; Aldermen, Richard Hilliard, Joshua Mills, Nicholas Dockstader; councilmen—1st Ward, Morris Hempburn, John R. St. John, William V. Craw-2nd Ward, J. Andrews, Henry L. Nobleo Edward Baldwin3rd Ward, Aaron T. Stickland, Horace Canfield, Archibald M. C. Smith; attorney, H. B. Payne; treasurer, Daniel Worley; civil engineer, John Shier: clerk, Henry B. Payne, (succeeded by George B. Merwin); street commissioner, Benjamin Rouse; marshal, George Kirk; chief of fire department, Samuel Cook.   1837. Mayor, J. W. Willey; president of council, J. Mills; aldermen, J. Mills, N. Dockstader, Jonathan Williams; coucilmen-1st Ward, George B. Merwin, Horace Canfield, Alfred Hall-2nd Ward, E. Baldwin, S. Cook, H. L. Noble-3rd Ward, S. Starkweather, Joseph K. Miller, Thomas Colahan; attorney, H. B. Payne; treasurer, D. Worley; civil engineer, J. Shier; clerk, Oliver P. Baldwin; street commissioner, W. J. Warner; marshal, George Kirk; chief of fire department, William Milford.   1838. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of council, N. Dockstader; aldermen, N. Dockstader, Alfred Hall, Benjamin Harrington; councilmen—1st Ward, George C. Dodge, Moses A. Eldridge, Herrick Childs 2nd Ward, Benjamin Andrews, Leonard Case, Henry Blair-3rd Ward, Melancton Barnett, T. Colahan, T. Lemen; attorney, Moses Kelley; treasurer, Samuel Williamson; civil engineer, John Shier; clerk, A. H. Curtis; street commissioner, John Wills; marshal, Geo. Kirk; chief of fire department. Tom Lemen.   1839. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of council, John A. Foot; aldermen, Harvey Rice, E. Baldwin, Richard Hilliard; councilmen—1st Ward, George Mendenhall, Timothy P. Spencer, Moses Ross-2nd Ward, J. A. Foot, C. M. Giddings, Jefferson Thomas-3rd Ward, Thomas Bolton, T. Lemen, John A. Vincent; attorney, Moses Kelly; treasurer, Samuel Williamson; clerk, James B. Finney; street supervisor, John Wills; marshal, Isaac Taylor; chief of fire department, J. R. St. John.   1840. Mayor, Nicholas Dockstader; president of council, William Milford; aldermen, W. Milford, William Lemen, Josiah A. Harris; councilmen—1st Ward, Ashbel W. Walworth, David Hersch, John Barr —2nd Ward, David Allen, J. A. Foot, Thomas M. Kelley-3rd Ward, Stephen Clary, Charles Bradburn, J. A. Vincent; attorney, George A Benedict; treasurer. Timothy Ingraham; clerk, James B. Finney; street supervisor, J. Wills; market clerk, L. D. Johnson; marshal, Isaac Taylor; chief of fire department, J. L. Weatherby,   1841. Mayor, J. W. Allen; president of council, T. Bolton; aldermen, W. Milford, T. Bolton, Newton E. Crittenden; councilmen-1st Ward, Nelson Hayward, Herrick Childs, George B. Tibbets-2nd Ward, M. Kelley, W. J. Warner, M. C. Younglove-3rd Ward, Philo Scovill, Benjamin Harrington, Miller 31. Spangler; attorney, Bushnell White; treasurer, T. Ingraham; clerk, Madison Kelley; street supervisor, Jefferson Thomas; market clerk, B. S. Welch ; marshal, James A. Craw; chief of fire department, J. L. Weatherby.   1842. Mayor, Joshua Mills; president of council, B. Harrington ; alder - men, N. Hayward, William Smyth, B. Harrington; councilmen-1st Ward, William D. Nott, Robert Bailey, Henry Morgan-2nd Ward, George Mendenhall, George Witherell, J. Thomas-3rd Ward, William T. Goodwin, George Kirk, Levi Johnson; attorney, Joseph Adams; treasurer, G. B. Tibbets; clerk, Madison Kelley; street supervisor, Chas. F. Lender; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal, Seth A. Abbey ; chief of fire department, M. M. Spangler.   1843. Mayor, Nelson Hayward; president of council, G. A. Benedict; aldermen, W. D. Nott, S. Cook, S. Starkweather; councilmen—1st Ward, R. Bailey, John R. Wigman, James Church, Jr.-2nd Ward, S. Clary, Alauson H. Lacy, G. A. Benedict-3rd Ward, W. T. Goodwin, J. Wills, Alexander S. Cramer; attorney, B. White; treasurer, G. S. Tibbits; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, Sylvester Remington; market clerk, B. S. Welch; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of fire department, John Outhwaite.   1844. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, M. Barnett; aldermen, Leander M. Hubby, S. Clary, W. T. Goodwin; councilmen- 1st Ward, Thomas Mell, George F. Marshall, E. St. John Bemis-2nd Ward, Charles Stetson, Jacob Lowman, John Outhwaite-3rd Ward, William F. Allen, M. Barnett, John F. Warner; attorney, B. White; treasurer, H. M. Spangler; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, John Wills; market clerk. Benjamin Rose; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of fire department, M. M. Spangler.   1845. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, F. W. Bingham; aldermen, C. W. Heard, G. Witherell, L. O. Mathews, councilmen —1st Ward, F. W. Bingham, Peter Caul, Samuel C. Ives-2nd Ward, James Gardner, Ellery G. Williams, David L. Wood-3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes, John A. Wheeler, Orville Gurley; attorney, Geo. W. Lynde; treasurer, James E. James; clerk, M. Kelley; street supervisor, Myron   * Each year of official service extends over until after the election the next year.   324 - THE CITY OF CLEVELAND.   Dow; market clerk, George Overacker; marshal, Stoughton Bliss; chief of fire department, A. S. Sanford.   1846. Mayor, George Hoadley: president of Council, L. M. Hubby; aldermen, L. M. Hubby, John H. Gorman, J. A. Harris; councilmen-1st Ward, E. S. Bemis, John F. Chamberlain, John Gill-2nd Ward, William Case. William Bingham, John A. Wheeler-3rd Ward, William K. Adams, Marshall Carson, Liakim L. Lyon; attorney, Samuel Williamson; treasurer, M. M. Spangler: clerk, James D. Cleveland ; street supervisor. W. R. Richardson, (succeeded by Asa D. Howard); market clerk, Frederick Whitehead; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of fire department, John Gill.   1847. Mayor. Josiah A. Harris; president of council, F. W. Bingham; aldermen, F. W. Bingham, W. Case, Pierre A. Mathivet; councilmen- 1st Ward, David Clark Doan, Henry Everett, John Gill-2nd Ward, John Erwin, Charles Hickox, H. B. Payne-3rd Ward, Alexander Seymour, Alexander S. Cramer, Orville Gurley; attorney, William Strong, treasurer, M. M. Spangler; clerk, John Coon; street supervisor, J. Wills; market clerk, Benjamin Ross; marshal, B. Giles (succeeded by S. A. Abbey); chief of fire department, M. M. Spangler (succeeded by A. S. Sanford).   1848. Mayor, Lorenzo A. Kelsey ; president of the council, F. W. Bingham; aldermen,. F. W. Bingham, W. Case, Alexander Strong; councilmen-1st Ward. Richard Norton, John Gill, Charles M. Read-2nd Ward, H. B. Payne, L. H. Hubby, Thomas C. Floyd-3rd Ward, S.' Starkweather, Robert. Parks, William J. Gordon: attorney, Jabez W. Fitch; treasurer M 31 Spangler; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, Jacob Mitchell; market clerk, 0. F. Welsh: marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of fire department, S. S. Lyon.   1849. Mayor, Flavel W. Bingham ; president of council, William Case; aldermen, W. Case, Alexander Seymour, John Gill; councilmen- 1st Ward, David W. Cross, R. Norton, H. Everett-2nd Ward, Alexander McIntosh, John G. Mack, James Colyer-3rd War d, Arthur Hughes, Abner C. Brownell. Levi Johnson; attorney, J. W. Fitch; treasurer, George C. Dodge; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, Henry Morgan; market clerk, 0. F. Welch; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief of fire department, James Bennett.   1850 Mayor, William Case; president of council, Alexander Seymour; aldermen, A. Seymour, J. Gill, L. M. Hubby; councilmen-let Ward, William Given, George Whitelaw, Buckley Stedman -2nd Ward. Alexander McIntosh, W. Bingham, S. Williamson-3rd Ward, Arthur Hughes, A. e. Brownell, L. Johnson; attorney, John E. Cary; treasurer, William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, Jacob Mitchell: market clerk, Mayne Potter; marshal, S. A. Abbey; chief or fire department, M. 31. Spangler.   1851. Mayor, William Case: president of council, J. Gill; aldermen, J. Gill, L. M. Hubby, A. C. Brownell, Buckley Stedman; councilmen- 1st Ward, J. W. Fitch, G. Whitelaw-2nd Ward, A. McIntosh, Thomas C. Floyd-3rd Ward, Stoughton Bliss, M. M. Spangler-4th, Ward, Marshall S. Castle, James B. Wilbur; attorney, John C. Grannis; treasurer, William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, William Given; market clerk, Mayne Potter; marshal, James Lawrence: chief of fire department, M. M. Spangler.   1852. Mayor, Abner C. Brownell; president of council, L. H. Hubby ; aldermen, John B. Wigman, L. 51. Hubby, Bazil L. Spangler, B. Stedman; councilmen-1st. Ward, H. Morgan, Aaron Merchant-2nd Ward, William H. Sholl, Robert B. Bailey-3rd Ward. S. Bliss, John B. Smith- 4th Ward, Admiral N. Gray, Henry Howe; attorney, John C Grannis; treasurer, William Hart; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; street supervisor, Lewis Dibble; market clerk, Clark Warren, sncceeded by Erastus Frissell and Lambert White; marshal, J. Lawrence; chief of fire department, J. W. Fitch.   1853. Mayor, Abner C. Brownell; president of council, William H. Sholl; trustees-1st Ward, John B. Wigman, George F. Marshall-2nd Ward, William H. Sholl, James Gardner-3rd Ward, William J. Gordon, Robert Reilley-4th Ward, H. Everett, Richard C. Parsons; solicitoro James Fitch; treasurer, William Hart; civil engineer, J. W. Pillsbury : clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioners-for three years, A. McIntosh-for two years, John M. Hughes-for one year, John A. Wheeler; superintendent of markets, W. A. Norton: marshal, Michael Gallagher: police judge. John Barr; police clerk, 0. J. Hodge; police prosecuting attorney, Bushnell White; chief of fire department, William Cowan.   1854. Mayor, Abner C. Brownell; president of the council, R. C. Parsons; trustees-let Ward, J. B. Wigman, Charles Bradburn-2nd Ward. W. H. Sholl, J. Gardner-3d Ward, Christopher Mollen, R. Reilley-4th Ward, H. Everett, R. C. Parsons-5th Ward, Chauncey Tice, Matthew S. Cotterell-6th Ward, Bolivar Butts, John A. Bishop-7th Ward, W. C. B. Richardson, George W. Morrill-8th Ward, A. C. Messenger. C. W. Palmer-9th Ward, W. Porter. Albert Powell-10th Ward, Plimmon C. Bennett, Irvine U. Masters-11th Ward, Edward Russell, Frederick Silberg; solicitor, J. W. Fitch: treasurer, W. Hart ; civil engineer, J. W. Pillsbury ; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, .7. B. Bartlett; city commissioner. John Erwin; superintendent of markets, W. A. Norton; marshal, Michael Gallagher: police judge, John Barr: police clerk, 0. J. Hodge; police prosecuting attorney, Bushnell White (R. D. Noble, pro tem): chief of fire department, W. Cowan.   1855. Mayor, William B. Castle; president of council, C. Bradburn; trustees-let Ward, C. Bradburn, E. A. Brock-2nd Ward, W. H. Sholl, William T. Smith-3rd Ward, C. Mollen, Thomas S. Paddock-4th Ward, William H. Stanley, Rensselaer R. Herrick-5th Ward, Chauncey Tice, had L. Beardsley-6th Ward, B. Butts, J. A. Bishop-7th Ward, W. C. B. Richardson, George W. Morrill-8th Ward, C. W. Palmer, S. W. Johnson-9th Ward, A. Powell, William A. Wood-10th Ward, 1. U. Masters, Charles A. Crumb-11th Ward, Edward Russell, Stephen Buhrer; solicitor, John Coon: treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, G. A. Hyde: clerk, J. B. Bartlett: auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, Ambrose Anthony: superintendent of markets, F. C. Babbitt: marshal, David L. Wood: police judge, S. A. Abbey: police clerk, 0. J. Hodge; police prosecuting attorney, A. T. Slade: chief of fire department, James Hill.   1856. Mayor, William B. Castle: president of council, C. W. Palmer; trustees-1st Ward, E. A. Brock, A. P. Winslow-2nd Ward, W. T. Smith, 0. M. Oviatt-3rd Ward, T. S. Paddock, C. Mollen-4th Ward, R. R. Herrick, C. S. Ransom-5th Ward, Chauncey Tice, F. T. Wallace- 6th Ward J. A. Bishop, H. Rice-7th Ward, George W. Morrill, E. S. Willard-8th Ward, S. W. Johnson, R. G. Hunt-9th Ward, S. J. Lewis, C. W. Palmer-10th Ward, C. A. Crumb, 1. U. Masters-11th Ward, S. Buhrer, John Kirpatrick; solicitor, J. Coon; treasurer, W. Hart: civil engineer, G. A. Hyde; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, J. B. Wigman : superintendent of markets, F. C. Babbitt; marshal D. L. Wood; police judge, S. A. Abbey; police clerk. Jesse Palmer; police prosecuting attorney, A. T. Slade: chief of fire department, James Hill.   1857. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather; president of council, Reuben G. Hunt; trustees-let Ward, A. P. Winslow, L. J. Rider-2nd Ward, 0. M. Oviatt, Charles D. Williams-3rd Ward, C. Mollen, Charles Patrick-4th Ward, C. S. Ransom, R. R. Herrick-5th Ward, F. T. Wallace, William B. Rezner-6th Ward, H. Rice, Jacob Mueller-7th Ward, E. S. Willard, John N. Weber-8th Ward, R. G. Hunt, B. G. Sweet-9th Ward, C. W. Palmer, James M. Coffinberry-10th Ward, 1. U. Masters. C. A. Crumb- 11th Ward, J. Kirkpatrick, Daniel Stephan; attorney, John W. Heisley; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, G. A. Hyde; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, Peter Caul; superintendent of markets, Edward Russell; marshal, M. Gallagher; police judge, Isaac C. Vail; police clerk, J. Palmer; chief of fire department, J. Hill.   1858. Mayor, Samuel Starkweather: president of council, J. M. Coffinberry: trustees-1st 'Ward, L. J. Rider, George B. Senter-2d Ward, C. D. Williams, O. H. Oviatt-3d Ward, Levi Johnson, Randall Crawford -4th Ward, R. R. Herrick, C. S. Ransom-5th Ward, William B. Rezner, G. H. Detmer-6th Ward, J. Mueller, L. D. Thayer-7th Ward, J. A. Weber, Thomas Thompson-8th Ward, B. G. Sweet, C. Winslow-9th Ward, J. B. Coffinberry, John N. Ford: 10th Ward, A. G. Hopkinson, I. U. Masters; 11th Ward, D. Stephan. Alexander McLane; attorney, J. W. Heisley; treasurer, W. Hart; civil engineer, C. D. Bishop; clerk, J. B. Bartlett; auditor, J. B. Bartlett: city commissioner, A. C. Beardsley; superintendent of markets, E. Russell; marshal, H. Gallagher; police judge. Isaac C. Vail; police clerk, J. Palmer: chief of fire department, James Hill.   1859. Mayor, George B. Senter: president of council, 1. U. Masters; trustees-1st Ward, L. J. Rider, James Christian-2nd Ward, 0. M. Oviatt, William H. Hayward-3rd Ward, R. Crawford, Louis Heckman-4th Ward, C, S. Ransom, Isaac H. Marshall-5th Ward, G. H. Detmer, Jacob Hovey-6th Ward, L. D. Thayer, Jared H. Clark-7th Ward, Thomas Thompson, James R. Worswick-8th Ward, C. Winslow, C. L. Russell- 9th Ward, John H. Sargeant, E. H. Lewis-10th Ward, I. F. Masters, A. G. Hopkinson-1lth Ward, A. McLane, Thomas Dixon; attorney, Chas. W. Palmer; treasurer, William Hart: civil engineer, John Whitelaw; clerk, J. B. Bartlett ; auditor, J. B. Bartlett; city commissioner, Samuel Erwin; superintendent of markets, W. G. Stedman; marshal, James A. Craw ; police judge, A. G. Lawrence. police clerk, Jacob Schroeder; chief of fire department, James Hill.   1860. Mayor, George B. Senter; president of council, I. U. Masters; trustees-lst Ward, James Christian, Thomas Quayle-2nd Ward, W. H. Hayward, O. M. Oviatt-3rd. Ward. L. Heckman, Henry S. Stevens- 4th Ward, I. H. Marshall, E. Thomas-5th Ward, Jacob Hovey, W. B. Rezner-tith Ward, J. H. Clark, C. J. Ballard-7th Ward, J. R. Worswick, E. S. Willard-8th Ward, C. L. Russell, J. Dwight Palmer-9th Ward, E. H. Lewis, William Sabin-10th Ward, A. G. Hopkinson, I. U. Masters-11th Ward, Thomas Dixon, Daniel Stephan; attorney, W. Palmer: treasurer, W. Hart: civil engineer, John Whitelaw ; clerk, J B. Bartlett: auditor, J. B. Bartlett: city commissioner, R. Crawford; superintendent of markets, William Sanborn: marshal, James A. Craw; police judge, A. G. Lawrence: police clerk, J. Schroeder: chief of fire department, James Hill.   1861. Mayor, Edward S. Flint: president of council, H. S. Stevens; trustees-1st Ward, T. Quayle, J. J. Benton-2nd Ward, O. M. Oviatt, T. N. Bond-3rd Ward, H. S. Stevens, A. C. Keating-4th Ward, E. Thomas, Henry Blair-5th Ward, W. B. Rezner, Joseph Sturges-6th Ward, C. J. Ballard, William Meyer-7th Ward, F. S Willard, P. M. Freese-8th Ward, J. Dwight Palmer, Solon Corning-9th Ward, Wil-